THE
Library Journal
CHIEFLY DEVOTED TO
Xibrar? Economy an& Biblioetapb?
Vol. 39
(JANUARY-DECEMBER, 1914)
NEW YORK : PUBLICATION OFFICE, 241 WEST 37TH STREET
LONDON : SOLD BY ARTHUR F. BIRD, 22 BEDFORD STREET, STRAND
1914
L7
CONTENTS
CONTRIBUTED ARTICLES
Library legislation in 1913 W. R. Eastman 3-6
The library as a university factor W. Dawson Johnston 10-15
The libraries of Hawaii Ernest J. Reece 15-10
The work of the American Federation of Arts in
relation to public libraries Leila Mechlin 19-21
What our children read and why Adeline B. Zachert 21-24
Vocational work through the library Ethel M. Johnson 27-28
Administration of library binding Thomas P. Ayer 28-31
How library work wi*h children has grown in Hart-
ford and Connecticut Caroline M. Hewins 91-99
Some reference books of 1913 Isadore Gilbert Mudge 100-110
Reference books as public utilities: II, Some well-
known dictionaries compared G. W. Lee 179-187
The Bibliotheque Nationale: I, Organization and his-
tory Theodore W. Koch 339-35O
The work of a library information desk Rachel Rhoades 350-353
Pamphlets and clippings in reference work .... Grace E. Babbitt 353-355
The Bibliotheque Nationale: II, Administration . . Theodore W. Koch 419-430
The group index; or, Catalog at the shelves .... Clifford B. Clapp 431-435
The influence of the agricultural college on the farm-
er's use of books WiUiam M. Hepburn 435-438
Instruction in the use of books in a college library . . Malcolm G. Wyer 439-441
Social activities of the library A. W. Lupton 441-443
The library work that the normal school ought to do . Willis H. Kerr 447-449
A short and easy method with pamphlets Albert J. Edmunds 449-450
The tax on ideas , . . . . Edwin H. Anderson 499-503
The present trend Charles K. Bolton 503-507
The libraries of Washington H. H. B. Meyer 507-511
The exhibit of labor-saving devices C. Seymour Thompson . 512-520
Some recollections of the Boston Athenaeum, 1861-
1866 William I. Fletcher 579-583
A librarian at the Leipzig Exposition Theodore W. Koch 583-588
Salaries of library school graduates Josephine Adams Rathbone 188-190
For the librarian's study Aksel G. S. Josephson 190-192
Public documents as a commercial factor William R. Reinick 207-209
Library instruction at Pratt Institute Donald Hendry 211-212
Aims and methods of library publicity Joseph L. Wheeler 259-266
The classification of literatures in the University of '
Illinois Library Philip S. Goulding 266-273
The function of the legislative reference bureau . . 5". Gale Lowrie 273-279
Special libraries — a report on fifty representative libra-
ries - . . R. H. Johnston 280-284
An old engineering library Esther Raymond 285-286
Conflicts of jurisdiction in library systems .... Arthur E. Bostwick 588-591
The administration of high school libraries as branches
of public libraries Harriet A. Wood 659-662
Library work in vocational guidance Samuel H. Ranch 662-665
Libraries and motion pictures — an ignored educational
agency Qrrin G. Cocks 666-668
Selection and cost of editions LeRoy Jeffers 669-672
High school branches in Kansas City Purd B. Wright 673-676
How the Library of the Bureau of Education may
serve the schools John D. Wolcott 676-677
The movement for better rural school libraries . . . Martha Wilson 677-679
A plea for the cataloger Agnes Van Valkenburgh 679-681
The Bodleian Library at Oxford: I Theodore W. Koch .* 739-74<5
CONTENTS
I. Wytr. J*
747-75*
Bltttbftk Momcktsttr 752-755
Tkfrtn H. HitcMtr 755-76o
Ct*r* H-kiitkill Hunt 761-762
Tk*o4or* W. Koek 803-810
Aturimk S. Root 811-813
Gtorgt H. Cvrttr 815-813
Joffph L. Wkttltr 833-827
Hit** H*r court Morrow': 839-833
fi. /. Antrim 833-834
W. Davton Johntton 883-886
G. H'. Let 886-890
Mart** E. Pond 891-893
Ht'.tn Stretto* 900-903
rf fcss* Mrvic* W library workers
Mr. Jo*?* L. WWdcr ,
Librarians trapped in Europe 657
Increasing co-operation between libraries and
schools »•»,«... 657
The true position of the school library . . . 658
Libraries and the use of motion pictures . . 658
Changes caused by the war 737
Cessation of library progress in Europe . . 737
Help asked for Belgian librarians .... 737
International good feeling in the library world 738
Postponement of the Oxford conference . . 738
"Library week" at Ithaca 73g
Reduction in library budgets 801
Cleveland and Los Angeles library headquar-
ters in office buildings 801
The municipal reference library and the public
801
802
Relation between schools and libraries . .
The federal printing bill and its interest to li-
brarians 8o,
A. L. A. conference in 1915 88l
Closing days of the Leipzig Exposition . . 881
On ordering German periodicals . . . . 881
The catalog of books on architecture in the
Boston Public Library 88,
Co-operative bibliographies for free distribution 882
Copyright and the card catalog 882
FaoNTisriscKs AND ILLUSTRATIONS:
Jan. Edwin H. Anderson
Cooke Library, Oahu College, Honolulu, T. H.
Library of Hawaii as seen from the capitol
grounds
Exterior of the new Public Library, Somer-
villc, Mass.
Somerville Public Library— main and ground
floor plans
Multnomah County Public Library, Portland
Oregon.
Multnomah County Public Library— first and
second floor plans
Feb. Caroline M. Hewins
William C. Kimball
Hamsburg Public Library-two views of the
front facade
Harrisburg Public Library-one end of the lone
room taking up the entire main floor
Sarah Platt Decker branch, Denver Pub-
lie Library— exterior and interior views
CONTENTS
Mar. The new State Library and Supreme Court
building, Hartford, Ct.
Handley Library, Winchester, Va.
The new library building at Bangor, Me.
Connecticut State Library, Hartford — two views
of reading room
Apr. Home of the American Society of Civil Engi-
neers, New York City
Diagram showing the reading population of the
average city
Plan of A. L. A. space at the Leipzig Exposi-
tion
May. Bibliotheque Nationale — main reading room
Bibliotheque Nationale — court of administra-
tion
Bibliotheque Nationale — court of hoi-or
Bibliotheque Nationale — book stacks
Bibliotheque Nationale — manuscript departimnt
reading room
Model of a Brooklyn breach library, prepared
for the Leipzig Exposition
June. Leopold Delisle, head of the Bibliotheque Na-
tionale from 1874 to 1905
Bibliotheque Nationale — floor plan
Bibliotheque Nationale — Jardin des Viviennes
Bibliotheque Nationale — Mazarin Gallery
Fort Washington branch, New York City —
exterior
Fort Washington branch, New York City —
first floor plan
Washington Heights branch, New York City —
ground- floor plan
New Rochelle (N. Y.) Public Library— first
and second floor plans
Washington Heights branch, New York City —
exterior
July. Hiller C. Wellman
View of the exhibit of labor-saving devices at
Washington
American Library Association— conference at
Washington, D. C., May 25-29
Aug. William I. Fletcher
Leipzig Exposition of the Book Industry and
the Graphic Arts — 7 views
A corner of the A. L. A. exhibit at Leipzig
Sept. The children's corner, A. L. A. exhibit, Leipzig
East High School branch library, Cleveland, O.
Orchard School library, Cleveland, O.
Northeast branch library in high school build-
ing, Kansas City, Mo. — exterior and reading
room
University of Christiania Library — floor plan
North branch, Nashville, Tenn. — basement and
first floor plans
North branch, Nashville, Tenn. — exterior
Queen Anne branch, Seattle — exterior
Diagram of loose-leaf accession book
Oct. Radcliffe College, Bodleian Library, seen from
within All Souls' College quadrangle
Bodleian Library — Duke Humphrey's library
Bodleian Library — quadrangle
Bodleian Library — floor plan
Brownsville children's branch, Brooklyn Pub-
lic Library — exterior and interior views
New administration building of the University
of Utah
Brownsville children's branch — first and sec-
ond floor plans
Administration building of the University of
Utah — second (library) floor plan
Nov. Cleveland, O., temporary main library, Kinney
& Levan building — fifth and sixth floor plans
View of the new headquarters of the Los Ange-
les Public Library in an office building
Bodleian Library quadrangle
Where the Bodleian Library has overflowed
into the art gallery
Los Angeles Public Library — circulation desk
Los Angeles Public Library — open shelf li-
brary
Los Angeles Public Library — eighth and ninth
floor plans
Main library, Cleveland — interior view
Main library, Cleveland — parents' and teachers'
room
Brumback Library exhibit at the fair in Van
Wert county, Ohio, and some sample posters
Dec. Library of the United Engineering Societies,
New York City
United Engineering Societies Library — floor
plan
Pratt Institute advertising folder
•DWIN II. ANDERSON.
•t *** Amtne** Library Attocwtton, 1913 14, Director of the Neiv York-
LS^Mtj, Atlor, Lenox ,» <i TttJcn Foundations.
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
VOL. 39
JANUARY, 1914
No. i
THE Kaaterskill Conference was the lead-
ing library event of 1913, ranking next to
that at Magnolia in attendance, and in its
total of 892 exceeding that at Narragansett
Pier by one person, presumably Miss
Pansy Patterson. 'The interstate gathering
at Atlantic City and Library Week at Lake
George also attracted their full quota, while
some of the state associations in the West
also held interstate conferences. Tele-
graphic word as the LIBRARY JOURNAL
goes to press* announces that Washington
will be the meeting place for 1914, while
in 1915 San Francisco seems the pre-
destined goal of all national associations.
In England, the Bournemouth conference
of the national association passed off
successfully, and there is to be a strong
endeavor in 1914 to obtain such a dele-
gation from the United States as will
give the Oxford conference international
importance. The exposition of the book
at Leipzig, which was planned to be of
international scope, may prove somewhat
disappointing in this respect ; but American
participation is now practically assured,
either through a Congressional appropria-
tion and a government building, or in a
separate library exhibit, planned by the
special committee of the A. L. A., which
has already obtained assurances of finan-
cial support and library cooperation.
Though there will be no international li-
brary conference there, Americans will be
made welcome at the meeting of German
librarians which is to occur at Leipzig in
May. Internationalism in library affairs is
encouraged by visits of librarians from one
country to another, and Americans this year
have had the pleasure of welcoming M.
Paul Otlet from Belgium and Mr. Kudalkar
from India. Within this country two new
state commissions have been organized, in
Arkansas and South Dakota, leaving only
eleven states without commissions or their
equivalent.
THE hand of death, which last year
spared the library profession, has made for
it heavy loss in 1913 in the passing of three
members distinguished also as scholars, who
had been hon6red by the presidency of the
American Library Association. John Shaw
Billings, Josephus Nelson Larned and Reu-
ben Gold Thwaites, had filled their meas-
ure of years with notable achievement,
both in librarianship and in literature, and
their passing has left a great gap in the
ranks of the leaders. The death of Charles
C. Soule, long a leader in the profession,
though never a professional librarian, is not
less notable a loss. The appointment of
W. Dawson Johnston to the new library
work at St. Paul is a serious loss to New
York and to the special field of university
librarianship in which he was making his
mark as a leader, and it is a pity that Co-
lumbia University had not emphasized the
importance of retaining him in that service.
It is to be hoped that the onerous duties of
organizing a great reference library may
not indefinitely delay the completion of the
work on university libraries which will
round out his career as a university li-
brarian, and doubtless his unwearying in-
dustry will enable him to face the two
tasks with success. Edwin H. Anderson has
been doubly honored within the year, by his
formal appointment in succession to Dr.
Billings as the head of the New York Pub-
lic Library and by his election to the presi-
dency of the American Library Association ;
and the work of the great metropolitan sys-
tem will be pressed forward under his ad-
ministration.
WHILE the past year has not been notable
architecturally for the opening of great
library buildings, the new buildings of mod-
erate size at Portland, Ore., and Somerville,
Mass., present many interesting features,
and new buildings have also been finished
THE UBRARY JOURNAL
[January, 1914
AI Harrisburg. Pau Bangor, Me., and else-
where, while the number of branch libraries
IMS notably tuctttud, especially at Den-
.ird's new library building is
procrr»«ng toward complet. At Brook-
lyn the work on the central library building
b unfortunately stopped pending further
appropnatKMU I ; , :u! Philadelphia
is sttU held up from beginning its fine new
hmldmg on the excellent site it has ob-
tamed. because of conditions in the orig-
inal appropriation which have to be modi-
led by the municipal authorities before
work can proceed. Foundations are ready
for the great library at St. Paul, the
gift of I. J. Hill, and plans for the new
Detroit building, for the Johns Hopkins
University Library at Baltimore, and for
the John Crerar Library at Chicago, all
lotable buildings; three of these
benevolence in respect to
ministration of the national library has
made it a world-wide model of effective-
ness and usefulness, absolutely non-partisan
in character and nation-wide in value.
the Carnegie foundation.
The transfer of Mr. Carnegie's benevolence
to a corporation bas not interfered with
wide giving for libraries, but the record for
Carnegie gifts for the year 1913 is not yet
>N has been put forward in
to capture the Library of Congress
for the spoils system by taking the appoint-
ment of the staff out of the hands of the
by whom it is practically exer-
placing it directly in the control
of the joint committee on the Library. It
i* scarcely possible that this can be more
than a last attack from the dwindling op-
of the merit system, hungry for
BOO an institution which above all
other* shook! be free from Mich an attack.
It most be admitted by foes as well as
friends of the Democratic party and the new
administration that they have done excep-
tionally well in resisting the enormous pres-
?hc spoils system, and
aftrr thi» wccr ,tancc it is un-
bat a surrender will be made where
that would he at once most flagrant and
• ' • > . -]
WITH this initial number of the LIBRARY
JOURNAL in its thirty-ninth year, a num-
ber of changes in typography and arrange-
ment have been made which we trust will
commend it more thoroughly to the profes-
sion. Particularly, also, there will be en-
deavor to make it more comprehensive in
plan and scope, to give it a broader char-
acter internationally, and to use illustra-
tions more freely, especially with reference
to architectural development. At the same
time the review of library activity in its
many present ramifications under the gen-
eral caption "Library Work" will serve
not only as an index to library periodical
literature of international scope, but will
bring out, from the subject side, items of
interest which, in the rapidly increasing
flood of library material, might otherwise
be lost. This division will, in fact, occupy
most of the field of the library periodical of
that title, formerly published by the H. W.
Wilson Co. Under the caption "The Li-
brary World" will be brought together ma-
terial of geographic rather than of subject
relationship, inclusive of library reports,
gifts and bequests, and the miscellaneous
material of notes and news. Segregation
of the LIBRARY JOURNAL'S miscellaneous
material along these two lines — geograph-
ical and subject — will, we hope, serve to-
ward more efficient usefulness. During the
past year there has been too much reason
for apology to our contributors and to our
readers, resulting from frequent changes at
the office desk, arising from quite inde-
pendent causes, as far removed as illness
and matrimony; but it is hoped that new
arrangements now in process will remedy
defects for which we have had reason to
apologize, and will make permanent pro-
vision for the continuance and growth of
the LIBRARY JOURNAL as the leading expo-
nent of the library profession.
LIBRARY LEGISLATION IN 1913
BY W. R. EASTMAN
DURING the year 1913 the legislatures of
forty-four states have been in session. The
statements which follow are based upon an
examination of the published laws of most
of the states aided by direct correspond-
ence with the state library commissions,
wherever such exist, and with some leading
librarian in each of the thirteen states
where there was no such commission a
year ago. The action of the national Con-
gress, affecting directly the District of Co-
lumbia and indirectly the whole country,
has also been considered. Returns from
thirty-one states, in which the legislatures
acted on library matters, and from the Dis-
trict of Columbia have been noted.
Items of special interest this year are the
following:
Library commissions were created in two
states.
The functions and titles of some exist-
ing commissions were changed, marking a
clear tendency toward giving them a larger
share of responsibility for the state library
and its work.
There was also a gratifying increase of
commission funds in ten states.
In several states the library laws are be-
ing adjusted and improved by careful re-
vision.
The limit for library taxation, where any
such limit exists, is being questioned and
restated. ^
Rural library extension is receiving more
nearly the attention it deserves. County
systems are being brought into operation
and the power to contract for library facil-
ities is extended.
In three states the state library is being
reorganized for more active service to the
public, and the subject of legislative refer-
ence is being pushed to the front in four
states.
A new retirement pension scheme for li-
brarians appears in one state.
LIBRARY COMMISSIONS
South Dakota has created a free li-
brary commission of five. It includes the
governor, the superintendent of public in-
struction, the state librarian, and two
others appointed by the governor for terms
of three years, one of them chosen from a
list of three named by the library associa-
tion of the state and the other from a list
of three proposed by the state federation
of women's clubs. The state library is
placed in custody of the commission, and
is made the headquarters for library work.
In Arkansas, at the request of the library
association of the state, but in the absence
of any direct legislation, the governor has
appointed an honorary commission of three
to encourage the establishment of public
libraries and to promote their interests.
In Idaho the continued existence of the
library commission was seriously threat-
ened by legislative movements for econ-
omy, but better counsels prevailed and the
usual appropriation of $8000 was secured.
In Tennessee the state board of educa-
tion was made to supersede the free library
commission, assuming all of their powers
and duties except their system of traveling
libraries, which was placed under direction
of the state library. Public as well as
school libraries are now under the general
supervision of the state board of education
through their division of library extension.
The state free library commission still ex-
ists in the law, but has no appropriation for
active work.
In Washington, where the present library
commission consists of the governor, the
attorney general and eight judges of the
supreme court, a. bill was introduced, but
failed to pass, to create a new commission
upon a different basis in order to empha-
size the popular, rather than the legal, side
of the state library and to promote public,
normal and traveling library work through-
out the state. The friends of the move-
ment expect that more will be heard of this
at a future session.
In Oregon, the library commission has
taken a new name, and has received a large
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[January, 1914
addition to its store of books. The law
books in the state library have been placed
in a separate collection to be henceforth
known as the "Supreme Court Library."
The remaining books, some 45,000 in num-
ber, have been added to the books already
in the hands of the state commission, and
together they will constitute in future the
"Oregon State Library," under control of
the library commission, who will be hence-
forth known as "Trustees of the State Li-
brary," the librarian to be secretary to the
commission. Some added duties in the line
of collecting and indexing public docu-
ments and of legislative reference have
been laid on the commission. In view of
added work an increased appropriation of
$7500 a year is given to the commission.
In Vermont, the name of the "Board of
Libiary Commissioners" was, at their own
request, changed to "Free Public Library
Commission."
In ten states the annual appropriations
for commission work were increased:
In Connecticut, from $3250 to $4000 a
year.
In Delaware, doubled, to provide book
wagons.
In Illinois, from $1800 to $5270, to pro-
vide an organizer, other assistants and
traveling expenses, and $1700 for books.
In Indiana, from $10,000 to $12,500.
In Iowa, the usual appropriation of $11,-
ooo is continued unchanged, but the amount
to be used for salaries is raised from $6000
to $7600.
In Massachusetts, $2000 was voted for a
secretary to direct educational work
through the libraries for the benefit of for-
eign-speaking people, with an increase from
$2000 to $4000 for state aid to libraries in
the smaller towns.
In Michigan, from $4000 to $5500.
In North Carolina, from $1500 to $3000.
In North Dakota, from $7800 to $8000.
In Vermont, from $1000 to $1500 for
traveling libraries, and from $2500 to $3000
for the general work, besides $100 for of-
fice expenses.
On the other hand, Kansas shows a de-
crease from $2000 to $1000 for books for
traveling libraries and $50 less for ex-
penses.
New York shows a decrease from $35,-
ooo to $25,000 for state allotments to free
libraries, and from $6000 to $1000 for books
for traveling libraries, besides the cutting
out of two salaries from the Extension Di-
vision which were intended for the library
organizers. It is claimed that the last-
named action was due to a misunderstand-
ing. The liberal policy of the state for the
past twenty-one years in aid of its growing
and thriving free libraries, accompanied, as
it has been, by careful and friendly official
supervision, has been abundantly justified
by results, and the present decrease can
only be regarded as due to lack of full in-
formation attended by an indiscriminate
zeal for appearing to cut down some ex-
penses.
There are now 38 library commissions in
37 states, Colorado having two commis-
sions, one for traveling libraries and the
other for the general work. In Kansas the
commission is for traveling libraries only.
These bodies, while doing the same kind of
work in their several states, vary both in
name and organization. In the names of
28 the word "Commission" or "Commis-
sioners" appears. In California and in Vir-
ginia the State Library does the work. In
Oregon, the legal name now is "Trustees
of the State Library." In New Hamp-
shire the State Librarv trustees act as a
commission. In Connecticut, the name
"Committee" is used. In Alabama, the
work is committed to the "Department of
Archives and History"; in Texas, to the
"Library and Historical Commission"; in
Rhode Island and in Utah, to the "State
Department," or "Board," "of Education,"
acting by a "Library Committee" or a "Li-
brary Secretary" ; and in New York to the
"Education Department" by its "Division of
Educational Extension." In Tennessee, by
this year's legislation, the library work is
given, as noted above, partly to the "State
Department of Education" and partly to
the "State Library," while the "Free Li-
brary Commission" remains on the statute
book, without the means or opportunity to
serve. In Arkansas, the library commis-
sion of three appointed by the governor is
an honorary commission.
The eleven states in which there is, as
January, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
yet, no public assignment of work for the
libraries are Arizona, Florida, Louisiana,
Mississippi, Montana, Nevada, New Mex-
ico, Oklahoma, South Carolina, West Vir-
ginia and Wyoming.
FOUNDING, GOVERNMENT AND SUPPORT
In South Dakota the law provides that
on petition of five per cent, of the voters
in any place, a vote shall be taken on the
question of providing library facilities. If
the result is affirmative, the mayor or other
chief officer shall appoint three library
trustees subject to confirmation by the
council, commission, trustees or supervis-
ors. Within a tax limit of two mills on
the dollar the library trustees are the sole
judges of the sum required for the support
of the library for the year, and the city
council or corresponding body has no
choice but to include that amount in the
tax levy. The same act appropriates $3000
for traveling libraries.
In three states steps were taken to se-
cure a general revision and amendment of
the library laws. In Iowa these efforts
were preceded by a thorough discussion at
the meeting of the state association and
were successful. A provision applying to
all towns and cities, without regard to pop-
ulation, fixed the maximum library tax rate
at five mills on the dollar for maintenance
and at five mills also for a building and
land. This was a decided increase, as the
former limit had been three mills for either
purpose, and in cities of over 6000 popula-
tion two mills. There had be^n some con-
fusion as to the control of libraries in cities
under a commission form of government.
Libraries in those cities will hereafter op-
erate under the general library law, except
that they will have five trustees instead of
nine. A tax for library purposes may be
laid on unplotted lands within city limits.
On the completion of a public library
building, any money left in the hands of
trustees may be transferred to the mainte-
nance fund.
In Colorado a bill was introduced to
abolish the system of self-perpetuating li-
brary boards, but failed of enactment. A
general revision of library law is scheduled
for the next session.
In Pennsylvania an attempt was made, in
the interest of public libraries, to obtain a
general library law to supersede all pre-
vious legislation on the subject. By the
proposed system the libraries would have
been more completely independent of the
school boards than at present. The school
authorities were hardly ready to accept the
proposition and it failed of approval.
In Indiana, a bill providing for a codifi-
cation of laws relating to public libraries,
in which most of the library trustees and
librarians of the state were interested, was
passed by one house of the legislature and
met no opposition in the other, but was
lost sight of in the haste of the last days of
the session.
In Kansas, the law for city libraries was
changed. On petition of 25 [formerly 50]
voters a popular vote on the question of
library facilities must be taken. The li-
brary directors are to be nine instead of
thirteen. The mayor, himself a director,
with the consent of the council, appoints
the others, two each year for terms of four
years. The directors fix the amount of
the library tax, but are limited to four-
tenths of a mill on the dollar, and, in cities
of 40,000 population, it may not exceed one-
quarter of a mill. This is a much lower
limit than before, having been previously
set at two mills for cities of the first class
and at three mills for smaller cities. An-
other act, adopted later in the session, in-
creased the limit for second class citier
having 2000 to 3500 population, to allow a
tax of one mill.
The raising of money was the subject of
legislative interest in still other states. In
Minnesota, a three [formerly two] mill tax
is to be allowed except in first class cities.
The power of library contract is given to
the governing bodies of the city, town, vil-
lage, or county, and a library fund may
be established by a tax of one mill on prop-
erty not already taxed for library support.
This description of "property not already
taxed" is important in the arrangements for
rural library extension.
In Michigan, city boards of education
may raise money for land, buildings, equip-
ment and maintenance of free public libra-
ries by issuing bonds, if such issuance is
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[January, 1914
approved by the electors and the bonds are
to run not more than ten years.
In Wisconsin, the obligation of a city,
town or village to raise a certain sum by
tax on receiving a conditional library gift
can be assumed in future only by a two-
thirds vote of the governing body, and will
then be subject to a referendum. Here
also, bills on account of public library ex-
penditures are hereafter to be paid, not
on the order of the library trustees, but
only on the order of the city clerk, to whom
the library board are to send approved
vouchers. By a further amendment annual
library reports must reach the state com-
mission by Aug. i in each year, instead of
Oct. i, and a detailed report of all fiscal
conditions must be made annually to the
city, town or village.
In Indiana, in cities of from 4000 to
4500 population, libraries may be trans-
ferred from independent boards to school
boards with the consent of both boards.
Another act of the same state gives to li-
brary boards the power, after new library
property has been acquired, to sell any real
estate formerly used for library purposes.
In Delaware, while the former law re-
quired a library to raise a certain amount
from taxation as a condition of state aid,
an amendment provides that this local con-
tribution may come from any source fur-
nishing a guarantee satisfactory to the state
commission.
In New Jersey, school houses may in
future be used for public libraries.
In New York, several special acts may be
noted. The village of Mohawk received
from the late Frederick U. Weller and his
wife a large bequest for public library pur-
poses. By an amendment to the village
charter a commission was created to hold
the property and carry on the library.
The village of White Plains, already rais-
ing $5000 a year by tax for the public
library, was authorized to increase the
amount to $8000.
The Grosvenor Library in Buffalo, hav-
ing the right to hold for library purposes
real estate to the value of $200,000 and se-
curities worth $200,000, was allowed to in-
crease each of these amounts within the
limit of $300,009.
The trustees of the Queens Borough
Public Library, who have held since 1907
the charter right to elect their own succes-
sors, were legislated out of office, and fu-
ture trustees of that library are to be ap-
pointed by the mayor of the city ot New
York.
An amendment to the charter of the city
of Rochester was proposed by which the
library board, which is a city department,
might be placed on the same independent
footing in regard to expenditures and con-
tracts as the department of parks and the
department of public instruction. The bill
also gave to the library board the powers
of appointment, control and fixing of com-
pensation of their subordinates and em-
ployes. The bill passed both houses, but
was recalled from the governor when it
was learned that he did not regard it favor-
ably.
In California, $65,000 was given to the
University of California for a class room
and library building at the University Farm
and Agricultural School at Davis.
In Texas, a certain lot of land in the
city of Austin, originally set apart in 1839
for church purposes, was made available
for public free library purposes, and the
city was authorized to establish and main-
tain a free public library thereon.
In the District of Columbia, in addition
to the usual appropriations for libraries, an
appropriation of $5000 "for one year only"
was voted by Congress for the Library for
the Blind, located on H street, northwest.
RURAL EXTENSION
Four states have given careful attention
to rural library extension. Iowa has adopt-
ed a comprehensive scheme permitting a
contract for five years between any public
library and a neighboring township, county,
city or school corporation for the free use
of the library books, either by lending books
to individuals, or by depositories, or by
transportation of books to their homes by
wagons or by branch libraries. The county
supervisors may make a contract for the
benefit of residents outside of cities and
towns, laying a tax on outside property.
The consent of the library having been
given, a majority of resident taxpayers in
January, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
any place may, by petition, require the au-
thorities to enter into such a library con-
tract and to levy the requisite tax of not
more than one mill on the dollar to meet
the obligation assumed. Thus all the ad-
jacent territory may become tributary to
the city or town library.
In Minnesota, a school board may agree
with any approved public library to become
a branch of such library, and pay to that
library the sum to be expended by the dis-
trict for books, the books bought with that
money being selected from the list ap-
proved for school libraries.
In Washington, the county commission-
ers, on petition of 100 voters, may estab-
lish and maintain a county library or ar-
range with a city or village library for ser-
vice. This may be done without a vote of
the people. Where the township organiza-
tion exists, which is not at all common in
that state, the people may establish libraries
by vote.
In Delaware, as already noted, the state
appropriation for the library commission
was doubled to enable them to provide book
wagons in three different counties.
In Texas, provision is made for a farm-
ers' county library at each county seat. On
petition of 100 voters in a county, the
proposition for such a library is submitted
to the voters at the next regular election.
If the vote is affirmative, the commission-
ers' court of each county shall provide room
in the county court, house and make an ap-
propriation sufficient to establish and sup-
port such a library. They shall have entire
control of the library, and employ a libra-
rian to gather information pertaining to
agriculture, horticulture and kindred sub-
jects and compile and catalog the same for
ready reference and use under the commis-
sioners' rules.
In Montana, an unsuccessful attempt was
made to obtain a law for county libraries.
The adoption of a parcel post system by
the United States government has for
many years been favored and urged by li-
brarians as likely to contribute materially
to rural library extension. The successful
inauguration of the system during the past
year has brought with it a serious dis-
appointment arising from the fact that
books could not be included. This, however,
is a detail which is left by the law to be de-
termined by the rules of the Postoffice De-
partment, and the Postmaster-General has
just announced a new rule, approved, Dec. 6,
I9I3» by the Interstate Commerce Commis-
sion, that, on and after March 16, 1914,
book packages weighing more than one-
half of a pound may be sent at parcel post
rates.
SCHOOL LIBRARIES
In Montana, a new education law con-
tains a chapter on school libraries, which is
a reenactment in somewhat different words
of provisions of law previously in force.
In New Jersey, the state commissioner
of education was made a member of the
public library commission, and, by an-
other act, the supervision of school libra-
ries was transferred to that commission,
but, as no money was provided for admin-
istration, the governor vetoed the latter bill
with the consent of all interested.
In South Carolina, school districts which
include towns or cities of over 3000 popu-
lation may use three per cent, of the an-
nual levy for schools for the purchase and
maintenance of libraries.
In Tennessee, school libraries may re-
ceive from the state an amount equal to
that which is locally raised for the same
purpose, not to exceed $40 in any one year.
In Minnesota, certain provisions in the
school laws which required the state school
board to advertise for prices of furnishing
books to the libraries and to assign con-
tracts therefor to the lowest bidder were
thought no longer necessary, and were re-
pealed.
BOOK LISTS
In South Dakota, the library commis-
sion is expected to prepare annually lists
of books for school libraries.
In Michigan, lists of books suitable for
township and district libraries shall be pre-
pared every two years by the superintend-
ent of public instruction, with the aid of
the state librarian, and copies furnished to
school officers, except in city and high
schools, to control the selection of books
for their libraries.
In Nevada, the state board of educa-
8
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[January, 1914
tion has power to adopt lists of books for
district libraries. By an amendment to the
law this power is qualified by a provision
which, as a negative statement of the basis
for the judgment of books, is worthy of
record. Books on these lists "shall not con-
tain or include stories in prose or poetry
whose tendency would be to influence the
minds of the children in the formation of
ideals not in harmony with truth and mo-
rality."
In Delaware, money allotted by the state
to public libraries must be spent for books
approved by the state library commission.
THE STATE LIBRARY
In California, for the first time, an item
for the maintenance of the state library
was included in the general appropriation
act. Previously this had been dependent
on fees collected by the secretary of state.
The sum named for 1914 and 1915 was
$204,400, a material increase over that for
any preceding two years.
A state civil service law was enacted,
covering the staff of the state library, but
with the following exceptions: "the state
librarian, the chief deputy or assistant state
librarian, and also one person having a
confidential relation to the state librarian
and appointees under provisions for court,
law, teachers, school and county libraries."
The state librarian was formerly obliged
to appoint deputies whose salaries were
fixed by law. The section fixing these sal-
aries was repealed, and provision was made
that the librarian may now appoint his own
assistant and pay him a suitable salary.
The following were added to the duties
of the state librarian. To index statutes
and journals of the legislature. To revise
and bring to date an index to the laws of
California whenever provision for the same
is made. To compile laws or other matter
when required by any state department.
An act was adopted enabling a city to
give land to the state for state buildings.
Sacramento may, under this act, give two
blocks for an office building and for a state
library and courts building. A proposition
for the issue of bonds to the amount of
$3,000,000 to construct these buildings will
be submitted to the people at the election in
November, 1914.
In Indiana, the state library was reor-
ganized by departments, and a "Depart-
ment of Indiana History and Archives" has
been added, to have charge of historical
material and to cooperate with any educa-
tional institution in the state under ap-
proval of the state librarian with the con-
sent of the library board.
A bill providing for the erection of a
state educational building, as proposed two
years ago, did not pass as originally drawn,
but, by an amendment to the specific appro-
priation bill, the voters of the state are to
decide at the general election in 1914
whether $2,000,000 shall be spent for a per-
manent centennial memorial building.
The state library's appropriations were
increased by $4280 for each year.
In Oregon, as already noted, the state
library was completely reorganized and its
books divided between "two libraries, the
Supreme Court Library and the library in
charge of the library commission, hence-
forth to be known as the Oregon State Li-
brary. Additional appropriations were
made to both, the state library enjoying an
increase of $7500 a year.
The Illinois state library will receive
$10,700 a year in place of $8400, and the
State Historical Society in Illinois will re-
ceive $26,100 a year instead of $16,600.
In Texas, the salary of the state librarian
was advanced from $1500 to $2000.
LEGISLATIVE REFERENCE
Four states have taken steps this year to
place the work of legislative reference on a
systematic and permanent basis.
In Illinois, an independent bureau is
created, to consist of the governor and the
chairmen in both the Senate and the House
of the two committees on appropriations
and of those on the judiciary. The bureau
has a secretary at a salary of $5000, who
will give his entire time to the work with
other officers and employes appointed by
the bureau. The state library is required
to cooperate. Among other duties this bu-
reau shall prepare, print and distribute to
members of the General Assembly a de-
January, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
tailed budget of appropriations required by
the several state departments for the com-
ing two years, each item being compared
with the corresponding item as appro-
priated at the session next preceding. The
bureau has an appropriation of $25,000 a
year.
In Indiana, also, a "Bureau of Legisla-
tive and Administrative Information" was
created to take the place of the former
legislative reference department of the
state library. It is to be under the super-
vision of a board including the governor,
the presidents of Indiana and Purdue Uni-
versities, the state librarian, and one other
person appointed by the governor. The
new bureau will receive $13,500 annually in
place of the former provision for the same
purpose of $4500 the first year and $5500
the second year.
In Ohio, a legislative reference depart-
ment is created, independent of the state
library as such, but under the direction and
supervision of the same board. The new
department has its own director, who is ap-
pointed and his compensation fixed by the
state board of commissioners, subject to ap-
proval by the governor. He appoints all
necessary assistants with the approval of
the board. He will arrange with the Ohio
State University, the Ohio State Archaeo-
logical and Historical Society, the Supreme
Court Law Library and the State Library
for the use of books and references in their
custody, and these institutions are author-
ized to lend the same. An initial appro-
priation of $10,000 is made for the depart-
ment.
In New Hampshire, a legislative refer-
ence bureau is established in the state li-
brary at an expense not to exceed $500 a
year.
STATE DOCUMENTS
In California, by an amendment to the
code, the number of reports given to the
state library for distribution is increased
from 50 to 250.
In Texas, 150 copies of each state report
are given to the Library and Historical
Commission for free distribution to libra-
ries. Copies of Texas archives in the hands
of the commission which are not needed
for supplying one copy each to the gover-
nor, the members of the legislature and the
public libraries may be sold at not more
than 25 per cent, above cost, and any such
excess be paid into the state treasury.
In Michigan, each library is to receive a
copy of the annual publication of the newly
created Historical Commission.
In New Jersey, it was provided that one
copy of every bill, report, pamphlet or
other publication of the state shall be sent
to each public library, including historical
societies. But inasmuch as no public offi-
cer is charged with the duty of sending out
the above documents, the law is probably in-
effective.
In Massachusetts, whenever any library
shall vote not to receive any of the books
and reports offered by the state, the sending
of them will be discontinued, and any such
material already in hand may be returned
or otherwise disposed of with the sanction
of the library commission.
MISCELLANEOUS
In Texas, wilful detention of books or
other material from a public library for
thirty days after written notice to return
the same may be punished by a fine of from
one to twenty-five dollars.
In Missouri, boards of education in cities
may establish and maintain separate libra-
ries, public parks and playgrounds for the
use of white and colored people.
In Nebraska, a retirement fund for libra-
rians was authorized. It applies to public
libraries in cities of the metropolitan class.
It calls for the assessment of il/2 per cent,
of every salary and the setting aside of i^
times as much from other funds, gifts, be-
quests, etc. It is to be under control of the
city council, and the salary assessment may
be suspended if other funds are sufficient.
After thirty-five years of service an em-
ploye may be retired; after forty years,
must be retired and thereafter receive $420
a year. After twenty years one may be re-
tired for disability and receive not $420,
but such a percentage of $420 as the term
of service shall bear to thirty-five.
THE LIBRARY AS A UNIVERSITY FACTOR*
BY W. DAWSON JOHNSTON, Librarian of Columbia University
IN our efforts to define the ideals of edu-
cation there has been a tendency to neglect
the study of the means. This has been es-
pecially true, it seems to me, of our study
of higher education, and is well illustrated
by our failure to study the university li-
brary problem.
This failure is due, perhaps, to a feeling
that these practical problems are special in
character, and should be left to the special-
ist to solve. It is due also, I believe, to the
rather common conception of a library as a
building or collection of books rather than
as a form of service.
In the time allowed me for the discussion
of the library as a university factor I wish
to point out that our most perplexing and,
perhaps, most important library problems
are problems of university organization
rather than of library administration, and
so problems for the university administra-
tor rather than the librarian. I wish also
to make it clear that the administrative
problems of the library staff are problems
of instruction primarily rather than prob-
lems of clerical attendance and mechanical
dexterity.
To what extent is consolidation and cen-
tralisation of libraries of a university de-
sirable?
Among all university library questions
the most important and most puzzling is
that of the relation between the several
libraries of the university. There are still
some who would solve this question, or
profess that they would solve it, by con-
solidation of all libraries in one building.
All who have given the question serious
thought, however, realize that considera-
tions of space and time alone make con-
solidation of libraries undesirable.
The 'importance of the department library
in professional schools of law and medi-
cine, and in departments devoted to natural
* Address delivered Nov. 7, 1913, at the meeting of
the Association of American Universities, held at the
University, of Illinois, Urbana, 111.
and applied science, has long been recog-
nized. The libraries of these schools and
departments are ordinarily separate and dis-
tinct collections of books. Their separa-
tion from the general library is justified
by the nature of their use either as inde-
pendent bodies of literature or in connec-
tion with laboratory work. For these rea-
sons also they are rarely duplicated in the
general library.
Within the last decade the establishment
of department reading rooms within the
domain of the humane sciences also has
become common. These are intended espe-
cially for the use of students in history and
the social sciences, for students in litera-
ture, and for undergraduate students. They
comprise the more important part of the
books designated as required reading and
consist largely, if not altogether, of dupli-
cates of books in the general library. They
are located near the lecture rooms simply
to facilitate the reading of students between
lecture periods, and are justified, it seems
to me, only by the extent of their use.
How far the development of department
libraries should be allowed to go, especially
in the humane sciences, is difficult to deter-
mine. Undoubtedly as many reading rooms
should be maintained as can be success-
fully maintained, but even experience does
not always indicate where the maximum of
efficiency may be secured with a minimum
of expenditure, at any rate it does not in-
dicate it with the same clearness to the li-
brarian and to the ambitious department
head.
The main reason for this difference of
opinion lies in the fact that the librarian
cannot with the funds at his disposal do
all that is asked of him, nor even all that
needs to be done, while the department
head is in duty bound to ask for all that his
department needs immediately or may need
in the future regardless of the needs of
other departments. In transforming our
department libraries into university libra-
ries, therefore, there is an unfortunate di-
January, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
II
vision of interest which we must do away
with. In other words, just as we have
recognized that the books mv.ot be placed
where they will be most useful to those
for whom they were primarily purchased,
so we must recognize that the increase of
these collections and the conditions of their
use are questions for the department first
of all, and only secondarily questions for
the librarian. It is the department which
should consider not only the desirability but
the practicability of establishing and main-
taining a department library. This will in-
volve study not only of the department's
needs but also of its resources. It will
mean unification of the department budget.
Each school or department should, I be-
lieve, have a separate library budget. This
should be considered primarily as a part of
the budget of the school, and if a school
is not increasing its book collections with
sufficient rapidity, or if it is not receiving
the grade of library service which it needs,
it should in making budget recommenda-
tions determine whether the need for more
books or better library service is more
pressing than that for additions to its staff
of instructors or to its equipment in other
directions. The history of the library ap-
propriation is too much like that of our
federal rivers and harbors bill; it is high
time that more care should be taken in the
preparation of estimates of expenditures
and less solicitude shown as to the allot-
ment of expenditures; and it is particu-
larly important that estimates of expendi-
tures for the library should be considered
side by side with other estimates of the de-
partment, and first of all by the school or
the department. In other words, it is more
important that the budget of the school or
department should be. considered as a unit
than that the budget of the library should
be so considered.
No less necessary to a department library
than a properly adjusted income is a de-
partment librarian; indeed, the statutes of
the university should recognize that there
can be no library without a librarian. De-
partment librarians in most universities are
only librarians in name. As a rule, they
are either needy students or benevolent but
overworked professors. In an institution
with few books or few readers this matters
little, perhaps, but in an institution with
hundreds of thousands of volumes, and
thousands of students, there can be no ques-
tion as to the importance of the office of
department librarian, and no question as
to the desirability of securing the best men
in the profession to fill these offices. '
The general library staff must in the na-
ture of things serve classes of students
rather than individuals. The department
librarian may discover the needs of the in-
dividual and do much to satisfy them. In
this respect, indeed, he has opportunities
that the instructor himself does not have,
particularly opportunities to direct research
and answer questions regarding research
methods and materials.
The establishment of department libra-
ries with separate budgets and separate li-
brary staffs should not, however, be fol-
lowed by their separation from the general
library. There is danger that department
libraries may simply reproduce on a smaller
scale the organization of the general li-
brary, and that department librarians may
wish to become mere administrative offi-
cers, each with his small retinue of clerical
assistants. We must, therefore, lay strong
emphasis upon the fact that these new li-
brary officials are not primarily adminis-
trators but scholars, and not primarily
specialists in library economy, but in other
branches of science. Their time must be
devoted to the study of the literature of
their respective subjects and the needs of
the readers in their several departments;
the ordering of books, the cataloging of
them, the binding of them, questions of
equipment and supplies, etc., must be left
to the general library staff. In short, it is
only by centralization that we can secure
any considerable amount of specialization
either in the collections of the department
library or in its service.
Control of university libraries; library
committees, their membership and powers.
In the organization of university libra-
ries the question of the relations between
the general library and the department li-
12
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[January, 1914
braries is closely related to the question of
government. In both college and univer-
sity the president and trustees are, of
course, ultimately responsible for library
policies and the allotment of funds with
which to carry them out, and ordinarily a
library committee of the board of trustees
is charged with the duty of advising the
board with regard to these matters.
In the college these duties are shared by
a library committee of the faculty. This
committee is a survival from the days when
the librarian was some bookish member of
the teaching staff with a pardonable par-
tiality toward his own department; its con-
tinuance is only justified by the fact that
the librarian is often, too often, a mere
clerk. In the larger colleges and universi-
ties, however, its duties are being trans-
ferred to the librarian and his assistants on
the one hand, and on the other hand to
the library committees of the several
schools of the university.
A library council composed of repre-
sentatives of the administrative depart-
ments of the university library and the de-
partment libraries has not, so far as I
know, been established in any university.
But important steps in that direction have
been taken in the inauguration of library
staff meetings and in the appointment of
special committees of the staff to consider
special questions ; and the time is, I believe,
not far distant when a body of this kind
with well defined powers will be created in
each of our larger and more progressive
institutions. Nothing, I am certain, would
do more to preserve the unity of the library
service than this and at the same time give
the staff that freedom in its activities, and
that power of initiative and control which
is essential to library efficiency and econ-
omy.
Of fundamental importance are the li-
brary committees of the several schools of
the university. The librarian and his col-
leagues must in the nature of things de-
termine how the work of the library shall
be carried on, but the several faculties of
the university and officers of instruction
must indicate what work they wish done,
and decide what proportion of their ex-
penditures they wish to devote to getting
it done. The consideration of these ques-
tions in their general aspect must be re-
ferred to a committee of each faculty.
In an institution which is growing rap-
idly either in income or in enrollment, in
one in which changes in the library staff
are frequent, or in one which can afford
only clerical library assistance, such a
standing committee is of great importance.
Without it the department library is, to
use a parliamentary figure of speech, at the
mercy either of the committee of the whole,
or of even less responsible and sometimes
self-appointed special committees. With-
out it the needs of the school as a whole,
the needs of the departments, and the
needs of classes may often receive less
consideration than the wishes of an ag-
gressive or noisy individual.
If, however, these department committees
are to be most effective it is important that
their limitations be recognized as well as
their use. In this place it is sufficient to
point out that they cannot advantageously
assume the duties of either the department
librarian or of the individual department or
officer of instruction. They should not be
called upon to select books or determine
methods of administration. Their chief, if
not only duty, as I have already indicated,
is to define the needs of the department
library and indicate their importance as
compared with other needs of the school.
What should be the professional qualifi-
cation and academic status of members of
the library staff?
The organization of the library and its
form of government must affect the stand-
ing of members of the library staff. In
former years the college depended upon a
professor to perform the administrative du-
ties of the library; it still depends upon
professors to perform its bibliographical
duties, and will, perhaps, continue to do so.
But in the university the bibliographical
work as well as the administrative work
of the library must, I believe, be trans-
ferred more and more from the teaching
staff to the library staff. There are many
reasons for this — the increased mass of
January, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
books and periodicals, the increasing num-
ber of readers, and greater devotion to re-
search among university teachers alone
make such a differentiation of duties in-
evitable.
It may be pointed out, moreover, that this
change is not only inevitable but desirable.
The transfer of bibliographical duties of a
higher type is accompanied by a transfer of
duties of a clerical and mechanical type
which is wholly in the interest of univer-
sity efficiency and economy. Not only do
professors and students receive a higher
grade of bibliographical service from bib-
liographical experts, but the time which is
under ordinary conditions wasted in un-
profitable bibliographical research is saved
for the more advanced work involved in
serious investigation.
The importance of the bibliographical
service of a bibliographical expert to the
university in the development of its book
collections, and in the service of read-
ers has been recognized by such educators
as President Oilman and President Harper.
Indeed, the former said: "Every person in
charge of the university collections must
be a student capable of teaching. His
specialty must be bibliography, or, if the
staff is large, some branch of bibliography,
literary, historical, philosophical, or scien-
tific, and he must know not only what his
collection includes but what it needs." This
view will, I am certain, become common,
and the bibliographical work of universities
be transferred more and more from the
teaching staff to the library staff.
This change must be accompanied by
further differentiation between the biblio-
graphical and clerical duties of the library
staff, the establishment of higher standards
for admission to the bibliographical service
than for admission to the clerical service,
and the extension to bioliographers of priv-
ileges and emoluments similar to those en-
joyed by other scientists.
Under normal conditions all library offi-
cers having academic rank are appointed in
the same manner as officers of instruction.
Clerical and other assistants are appointed
by heads of library departments. Heads of
departments are given professorial rank,
and other bibliographers rank as instruc-
tors. The university librarian may have a
seat and a vote in the university council,
and each department librarian a seat and
vote in the faculty of the school which he
serves as librarian.
The question of academic status is, how-
ever, of less importance than that of re-
quirements for admission to the service and
that of opportunities for scientific research
for the members of the library staff. Stand-
ards of appointment to the several grades in
the staff of the library must be made the
same as those in the torresponding grades
of the staff of instruction. In other words,
every member of the general staff of a uni-
versity library of the bibliographical grade
should have had in addition to undergrad-
uate work at least one year's work in a
library school, to acquaint him with the
technical problems of the library, and every
department librarian should have had at
least one year's additional work in the
subjects represented in the curriculum of
the school of which he is librarian to make
him more familiar with the literature of
these subjects.
Of even greater importance is oppor-
tunity for continued study. The time may
come when it will seem unwise to expect
the same number of hours of office work
from bibliographers that we exact from
clerks. However that may be, it seems to
me eminently desirable that junior bibliog-
raphers should be allowed time each year
to pursue one course of study, and that
those above the grade of junior bibliogra-
phers who wish to attend a summer school
or engage in research in library economy
in other libraries should be granted the
necessary leave of absence, perhaps, with
half pay.
The necessity of a scientific attitude to-
ward library problems.
But whatever the requirements for ad-
mission to the university library service
may be, and whatever the opportunities for
bibliographical research in its service, the
essential thing is a scientific attitude to-
ward the problems of the library.
It is, I believe, the peculiar duty of the
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[January, 1914
university to encourage a scientific attitude
toward library questions as toward other
questions, particularly in the library staff.
Indeed, among members of the library
staff it may not only encourage scientific
bibliographical research, it may even re-
quire it just as it requires research in other
departments of the university, and advance-
ment in the staff may depend as much upon
scientific attainments as shown in contribu-
tions to professional journals and profes-
sional meetings, as upon the output of rou-
tine work of immediately practical value.
I wish to lay some emphasis upon the
importance of this, because there seems to
me to be a tendency in library work to ig-
nore the fact that the practical problem is
only the problem of the one while the
scientific problem is the problem of the
many, and an inclination to devote our time
and thought to routine detail. This is un-
fortunate not only for the individual, but
also for the institution, and not only for
the individual institution but for libraries
as a class and for universities as a class.
Indeed the individual librarian suffers less
from his isolation than does the institution
of which he is librarian; less, too, tnan does
learning at large.
For this reason we must approve the ef-
forts which have been made in the last
few years to standardize the library service
of colleges and professional schools. The
National Association of State Universities'
Committee on Standards in 1908 advised
that there should be adequate general and
department libraries with a sufficient num-
ber of duplicate books for purposes of un-
dergraduate instruction, and, when grad-
uate work is offered, books and other ma-
terial for ipurposes of research. The As-
sociation of Collegiate Alumnae requires
that the number of books in the library of
a college seeking admission to the associa-
tion and the number of periodicals cur-
rently added shall not be less than the
average number in institutions of the same
type already admitted to membership. The
conference of the chief state, school offi-
cers of the north central and west central
states held in Salt Lake City in 1910 passed
a resolution providing that colleges having
an income of $10,000 and seven depart-
ments of instruction should have a library
of at least 5000 volumes, selected with
reference to college subjects and exclusive
of public documents.
The standardization of the library ser-
vice of professional schools has also re-
ceived consideration. At the meeting of
the Association of American Law Schools
in 1912 an amendment to its constitution
was adopted providing that each school
should own a library of not less than 5000
volumes. And the American Medical As-
sociation council on medical education de-
scribes the essentials of a medical college
library as follows: "The college should
have a working medical library to include
the more modern text and reference books
and thirty or more leading periodicals and
the 'Index medicus'; the library room is
to be easily accessible to students during all
or the greater part of the day; to have
suitable tables and chairs, to be properly
heated and lighted, and to have an at-
tendant in charge."
The work which these associations has
inaugurated should be correlated and car-
ried on from a university point of view,
and not merely with the object of deter-
mining a minimum of efficiency for the in-
dividual institution, but also with the ob-
ject of securing the maximum of efficiency
for our institutions of learning as a whole.
Our smaller institutions should without
doubt have larger resources, but there is
even less doubt that our larger institutions
should make better use of the resources
which they now have.
For this reason nothing seems to me
more important at this time than the na-
tionalization of our larger university libra-
ries. I do not mean by this, federal appro-
priations such as are made to the colleges
of agriculture and mechanic arts, or fed-
eral supervision which should properly at-
tend such appropriations, but rather the
adoption of the idea of national service in-
stead of that of local service.
This involves in the first place the aban-
donment of antiquated and provincial re-
strictions regarding the lending of books
and manuscripts, and secondly much greater
January, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
publicity regarding the contents of our li-
braries. American scholars are, I believe,
suffering less to-day from the poverty of
our book collections than they are from
restrictions attending their use and lack
of information as to what they contain.
The German university libraries, with their
Gesamt Katalog and their liberal system of
inter-library loans, are much better or-
ganized in this respect. The German
scholar has behind him the resources of
the nation.
It will not, however, be enough to adopt
the most liberal policy with regard to the
use of our present resources. It will be
necessary to plan also for the largest pos-
sible increase in these resources. With this
in view nothing is more important than a
division of labor between the libraries of
the larger institutions. Works of refer-
ence, the classics in literature and science,
and many current publications, both book
and periodical, must be had by every large
institution, but the books which are needed
by the individual only and by him only once
in a lifetime, perhaps, need not and should
not be duplicated in our several libraries.
This is obviously true of antiquarian books,
and it is hardly less true, I believe, of the
current issues of the press.
It would be out of the question to con-
sider seriously any such division of labor
without careful investigation of existing
conditions. Such an investigation must
comprehend some of the fundamental ques-
tions of university library organization,
government and administration, such as I
have here outlined, but it must comprehend
also the questions of minimum standards
which have been considered by the several
associations of colleges and professional
schools, and, finally, the national question
of maximum efficiency.
I hope that the idea of such an investi-
gation may commend itself to the members
of this association, and that with your ap-
proval some such agency as the Carnegie
Foundation for the Advancement of Teach-
ing may be able to undertake it, and under-
take it immediately.
THE LIBRARIES OF HAWAII
BY ERNEST J. REECE, Instructor, University of Illinois Library School
WITH the opening of 1913 American li-
brary influence definitely established itself
in a new outpost. The Library of Hawaii
was formally dedicated in February, and it
is now possible to say that no state or ter-
ritory of the Union is without some public
library facilities. The new institution rep-
resents well the factors which have con-
tributed most largely to the library move-
ment on the mainland. It stands on the
fringe of a civic center, a stone's throw
from the capitol and judiciary building in
Honolulu. It has sprung as a result of
public initiative, will depend chiefly on
public support, and plans to serve not only
a city but a territory. It has shared Mr.
Carnegie's generosity, and occupies a home
worthy of Hawaii's high community
standards. Because of its frontier posi-
tion therefore it signalizes new triumph
for our national library interests and edu-
cational ideals.
A slight sketch of the culture elements
which have affected the mid-Pacific group
will help to an understanding of the library
situation. Extremely diverse streams of
racial influence have contributed to evolve
the Hawaii of to-day. Originally the
islands were peopled by, a lovable, dark-
skinned race, brothers of the Maoris, and
probably ultimately Malay in derivation.
The white invasion began with Captain
Cook's arrival in 1778, and the civilization
represented by the first-comers has been
supplemented from time to time by whalers,
beachcombers, Botany Bay refugees> and
commercial exploiters from the United
States and northern Europe. A very dif-
ferent alien type appeared when the
New England Congregational missionaries
i6
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[January, 1914
sought the islands in 1820. This, too, has
been augmented, first by the emissaries of
the Anglican, Catholic and Mormon
churches, and in later years by a consider-
able group of American professional men.
Presently Quantung Chinese came in
quest of sandal wood, many to remain in
the temperate isles. Finally began the im-
portation of plantation labor — Japanese,
Portuguese, Spanish, Filipino, Russian, Ko-
rean. All these peoples have settled in
large enough numbers to produce an effect
upon the territory.
The influence that stands out above all
others, however, is that of the American
missionary with his ideals of morality and
education. Its work was the sprinkling of
the group not only with churches, but with
schools. The larger islands all are pro-
vided with elementary institutions of learn-
ing, established in most cases under secta-
rian auspices and designed to provide aca-
demic and industrial instruction. Honolulu
teems with such agencies, chief among
them being the Kamehameha Schools, for
Hawaiians, and Mid-Pacific Institute, an
elementary boarding school for Orientals.
The most advanced private school in the
islands is Oahu College, founded for the
benefit of the early mission children, and
provided with an equipment which many a
small mainland college might envy. Sup-
plementing these and various unmentioned
places of learning is the public school sys-
tem. This is territorial in organization, ex-
tends to the isolated sections of the islands,
and includes as an accessory a splendid nor-
mal school. The scheme is completed by
the College of Hawaii, which is built large-
ly on the model of the western land grant
colleges.
Naturally such cultural precedents and
such a series of enlightening agencies as
Hawaii possesses have given rise to some
noteworthy book collections. Some of
these collections have had private origin;
to-day the principal ones are institutional.
And because of Hawaii's alertness in ap-
propriating each new feature of American
life as it appears her libraries have built
themselves up about various agencies, so
that the territorial capital has an efficient
and symmetrical though somewhat scat-
tered cooperative collection. A mention of
the contributing factors will show how the
field is covered.
Schools, Small but well-chosen libraries
are located in the more important educa-
tional institutions of public and semi-public
nature. These include McKinley High
School, the Honolulu Normal School, and
the Kamehameha Schools. In each case the
endeavor has been to afford such books as
will answer curriculum needs and at the
same time cultivate a taste for knowledge
and literature on the part of the students.
The Kamehameha Schools in this, as in
other connections, present a peculiar prob-
lem. The primary and industrial training
they offer gathers from a semi-primitive
race minds of varying degrees of maturity,
hence book selection is less simple than it
would be for a graded school of white
children.
Scientific institutions. Stimulated by
strong local interests and industrial needs,
the Hawaiian group has established some
substantial agencies of record and research.
Some decades ago Charles R. Bishop, of
San Francisco, married Princess Pauahi, of
the royal line. Both were wealthy and of
philanthropic bent, and their beneficence
was a boon to several institutions on the
islands. From the standpoint of science
their great gift was the Bernice Pauahi
Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology
and Anthropology, the creation of which
has brought together what is by far the
most complete collection of South Sea an-
tiquities in existence. This is housed in a
splendid concrete and lava rock building of
extensive proportions. Its priceless store of
garments, utensils, and related material
illustrative of early Pacific life is aug-
mented in value by a library of the subject
which is unsurpassed anywhere. Peculiar
importance attaches to this museum and li-
brary because the civilization they restore
is not entirely dead, for Hawaiians, Sa-
moans and Maoris still live and perpetuate
in some measure the culture, manners and
lore of a once numerous race.
Hawaii's leaders saw that if she was to
share the progress of her sister states and
COOKE LIBRARY, OAHU COLLEGE, HONOLULU, T. H,
LIBRARY OF HAWAII AS SEEN FROM THE CAPITOL GROUNDS.
January, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
territories there must be intensive investi-
gation of the problems concerned in her
community and industrial welfare. Among
other things this has led to the establish-
ment of a territorial bureau of forestry, a
federal experiment station, and an inde-
pendent experiment station maintained by
the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association
and devoted to research connected with the
cultivation of cane and pineapples. Each of
these institutions has built up an efficient
working library of its subject. This means
that the fields of horticulture, forestry,
entomology, agronomy, plant physiology,
soil fertility and chemistry are well cov-
ered. As the collections are located rea-
sonably near each other cooperative use of
them by the several bureaus is possible.
Colleges. A half dozen years ago there
was opened at Honolulu the College of Ha-
waii. With the mainland state schools as
patterns this was planned to meet the pecu-
liar needs of the islands for academic and
practical instruction. Since a large pro-
portion of Hawaii's high school graduates
can and do attend college on the Pacific
coast or in New England there is no crying
need for an arts course. And since engi-
neering or industrial work is likely to be
the choice of those who do not leave the
islands for an education emphasis has prop-
erly fallen upon agriculture and applied
science. A library suited to this form of
work has naturally grown up in the College
of Hawaii. It means to some extent a
duplication of books already on the shelves
at the experiment stations, but for the most
part it is new material, supplemented of
course by collateral and reference literature
having to do with such culture courses as
the college offers.
By courtesy Oahu College may be classed
among the institutions of higher learning,
although it has not the standards of main-
land schools. It is the oldest college west
of the Rocky Mountains, having been
founded in 1841. In its inception it was
not unlike a host of institutions in the mid-
dle west which trace their beginnings to
the early decades of the nineteenth century.
While it has not reached the college grade
attained by many of its sister schools, it
has kept its aim on this, and through the
latter half of its existence has usually of-
fered in addition to its regular high school
curriculum certain freshman and sopho-
more courses. As regards credit Oahu
College is a first grade high school ac-
corded the certificate* privilege by the lead-
ing universities. In ideals, methods, equip-
ment and endowment it must be classed
rather with the semi-denominational col-
leges. Its home is a forty-acre campus
with fifteen buildings and two large ath-
letic fields. The arrangement and care of
the property have made it an example of
sub-tropical landscape gardening.
The special library interest of Oahu Col-
lege began seven years ago, although since
early in its history there had been accumu-
lating the elements of a school collection.
In 1906 Mr. C. M. Cooke, a wealthy alum-
nus, made promise of a building and a li-
brary. First came a book gift of $5000,
then the erection of a $45,000 structure,
then further book funds which have
brought the total for this purpose to about
$25,000. Since Mr. Cooke's death, in 1909,
a large addition to the library building has
been made in the nature of a memorial art
gallery. These several increases of library
resources have made it possible to organize
in accord with modern methods. The func-
tions of this library are peculiar to itself.
The school it serves numbers six hundred
students, ranging in grade from college
freshman down to primary pupils. It is
necessary to provide an efficient reference
equipment, a generous supply of collateral
reading, a moderate representation of
standard fiction, and a liberal children's
collection. Along these lines the library
has been built up, its shelves holding now
about twenty thousand volumes, with space
eventually for more than double that num-
ber. Two persons of library school train-
ing are in charge. The institution is one
of the few in which funds for wise and
adequate growth have not been stinted.
The interest of the donors has made it a real
tool, and the splendid airy lava-rock build-
ing has enticed many to books even against
the allurements of mountains and sea and
sport. In no small measure Oahu College
i8
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[January, 1914
Library serves the purpose of a public in-
stitution. Its privileges are extended not
only to students, but to parents, graduates,
and all persons of good standing in the
community. This means that practically all
the English-speaking population of Hono-
lulu is included in its possible clientele.
Library of Hawaii. This is a merger of
two previously existing agencies in a new
institution proposed and supported by the
territorial government. Until it was per-
fected the only popular library in Hawaii
with the exception of that at Oahu
College was a small subscription collection
of eighteen thousand volumes. This was
housed in a rented building, together with
the exceedingly valuable Hawaiiana gath-
ered and preserved by the Hawaiian His-
torical Society. Local officials suggested
that with this material as a nucleus a build-
ing gift might be asked of Mr. Carnegie.
It was necessary to persuade the existing
board of trustees to devote its endorsement
to the new organization, and to work out a
plan whereby the additional support con-
ditioning a Carnegie offer might be pledged.
The scheme as consummated involves man-
agement by seven trustees — three elected by
the Honolulu Reading Room and Library
Association under its own rules, one desig-
nated by the Hawaiian Historical Associa-
tion, and three appointed by the governor
of the territory. Since the legislature is
the one taxing body in the territory, an an-
nual appropriation could be looked for only
from it, and as the members from island
districts could not be expected to set aside
funds for the benefit of Honolulu alone it
was necessary to promise a traveling li-
brary system which should reach out
across the channels and make the institu-
tion group-wide in its usefulness. With the
procedure thus far arranged Mr. Carnegie
gave $100,000. The legislature added $25,-
ooo to the building fund, and a modern
structure with a capacity of about one hun-
dred thousand volumes was planned by Mr.
Whitfield.
The new building is situated on King-
street in Honolulu, opposite the grounds of
the old palace, which now serves as the
territorial capitol. Effort was made in its
designing to adapt the canons of library
construction to the requirements of com-
fortable living and working conditions in a
sub-tropical climate. The concrete walls
have a slight green tint and green tile is
used upon the roof, this color being selected
for harmony with the palms in the imme-
diate vicinity and the wooded Koolau moun-
tains which form the background. The
front of the building is rendered imposing
by a colonnade, a lanai or porch, - and a
series of copper doors. The general en-
vironment adds to the pleasing effect, for
Honolulu is ever green with algaroba,
monkey-pod, banana plants and palms, and
often gorgeous with bougainvillea, poin-
ciana, poinsettia, hibiscus, Japanese trum-
pet vine and night blooming cereus.
Climatic conditions in the group make
the observation of certain building prin-
ciples imperative. Hawaii is only half
tropical and is tempered by kindly trade
winds, nevertheless its sunlight is sufficient-
ly intense to require soft wall and roof
tints. Similarly neutral shades are essen-
tial to restful interiors. The Library of
Hawaii has used gray and white for this,
with furniture of oak in a finish of colonial
gray. Desiderata of equal moment are air-
iness and ventilation. Comfort demands
these, and they serve in addition as the one
practical protection against the numerous
insect foes which infest frostless lands.
Roaches, silver-fish and termites are much
feared by book collectors and librarians in
Hawaii, but lightness and airiness of build-
ings and particularly of stacks (in this
case furnished by the Snead Company)
are a sure preventative of their ravages.
A striking feature of the library building in
this connection is a lanai or porch reading
room. This is located on the second floor
level, and in such a position as to catch the
trade winds from the mountains. Adjoining
this outside reading room is a series of
small rooms used regularly for study classes.
Expansion from a subscription library to
a public territorial institution has meant
for the Library of Hawaii not only growth,
but an increase in the forms of its work.
A juvenile collection was begun under the
old order, but it is only recently that the
January, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
department has developed. A children's li-
brarian will probably soon be added to the
staff. This will bring the force up to six,
exclusive of pages and janitors. Two of
those on the staff have library school train-
ing. The other important departure is the
inauguration of a territorial traveling li-
brary system. Ten stations have already
been designated about the group, and sev-
eral more are to be selected. Because of
transportation difficulties this enterprise is
less simple than is the case on the main-
land. Carriage charges are high, and
freight must be entrusted to stormy chan-
nels, treacherous landings, and perilous
mountain trails. Successful distribution is
in operation, however, and a territorial li-
brary project which at first suggestion
seemed questionable has proved workable.
With the establishment of her library
Hawaii strengthens her claim to recogni-
tion as a factor in American life. She
caught the spirit of New England educa-
tion early in the last century. She pos-
sessed the first college and operated the
first printing press beyond the Rocky
mountains. For a period she fed the west-
ern slopes of the Sierras with potatoes and
wheat. For two decades she has been ac-
tually at work solving many problems of
race intercourse which the mainland as a
whole is but beginning to feel. Her library
stands as proof of her refined ideals and of
the efficient machinery she has erected for
the social and educational advance of her
cosmopolitan population.
THE WORK OF THE AMERICAN FEDERATION OF ARTS
IN RELATION TO PUBLIC LIBRARIES
• BY LEILA MECHLIN, Secretary of the Federation
THE American Federation of Arts was
formed at a convention held in Washing-
ton in May, 1909, with the purpose of stim-
ulating appreciation for art all over the
United States among all classes of citizens.
The basis of organization was "team work,"
and its development has been entirely in
accordance with a program of cooperation.
The American Federation of Arts has an
individual membership, but more important
is its chapter membership — the affiliation of
organizations throughout the country. This
chapter membership now numbers 187, and
extends from Maine to California and from
Michigan to Texas. It includes associations
of professional artists, such as the Na-
tional Academy of Design and the National
Sculpture Society; non-professional organ-
izations such as the Washington Society of
the Fine Arts and the Municipal Art Society
of Chicago ; civic bodies, as for example the
Art Commission of the City and County of
Denver; educational institutions, among
which is the University of Pennsylvania;
art museums almost without exception,
handicraft societies, and public libraries —
of the last not a few. These aggregate a
very large and a very representative mem-
bership, and by being bound together
through a central organization constitute a
strong, vital force.
By serving as a bond of union between
these organizations and as a "clearing
house" for all, the American Federation of
Arts is enabled to prevent a great deal cf
duplication of effort as well as to make
more effectual each movement promulgated
for the advancement of art.
The work of the American Federation of
Arts has been to a great extent educational.
The means it employs are these: It sends
out exhibitions of paintings and other
works of art of high standard ; it circulates
typewritten lectures on the fine and applied
arts accompanied by illustrative stereopti-
con slides; it publishes a magazine, Art and
Progress, which is specially purposed for
the general reader; and it maintains at its
main office in Washington a bureau of in-
formation.
Last year the American Federation of
Arts sent out twenty-two exhibitions which
20
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[January, 1914
were shown in fifty-seven cities in the
north, south, east and middle west. They
comprised oil paintings, water colors, orig-
inal works by American illustrators, repre-
sentative art school work and work done in
elementary schools, large photographs of
mural paintings, of American sculpture and
American paintings, etchings, wood block
prints, mezzotints, bronzes and other works
in sculpture. These exhibitions ranged in
value from $50 to $50,000 and cost the
organizations to which they were sent from
$15 to $200. To organizations which are
chapters of the American Federation of
Arts no fee is charged for expert and cler-
ical services, but each place pays its pro-
portionate share of actual cost incident to
collection, transportation and insurance.
The first exhibition that the American
Federation of Arts sent out was shown in
a public library — the Carnegie Library of
Fort Worth, Texas. It comprised forty oil
paintings, and led not only to the forma-
tion of an art association in Fort Worth,
but to the establishment of a permanent art
collection and a Texas exhibition circuit, in-
cluding San Antonio, Austin and Houston.
Other exhibitions sent out by the American
Federation of Arts have been shown in
public libraries, which are to-day found to
be one of the strongest factors in the up-
building of appreciation of art. Notable
among those to which the Federation's more
important exhibitions have gone are the St.
Louis Public Library, the Public Library in
Denver, the Public Libraries in Omaha,
Louisville, Muskegon, Newark, Syracuse,
and Nashville. From the exhibition gal-
leries in both the Newark and the Muske-
gon Public Libraries permanent museums
of art have been the outgrowth. Very
often the public library has been the spon-
sor for an art association through the in-
strumentality of which in time exhibitions
have been secured.
In many instances public libraries have
not the means to meet the expense of ex-
hibitions of oil paintings, nor possibly the
facilities for display, in which instances
they have been able to avail themselves of
the American Federation of Arts' minor
exhibitions composed of mounted b.ut un-
framed exhibits or exhibits lightly framed,
such as collections of large photographs,
engravings, colored prints, etc. These are
obtainable at very moderate cost.
The American Federation of Arts has
been fortunate in having the cooperation of
the Library of Congress in the matter of
loan exhibitions. Through the operation of
the copyright law the Library of Congress
conies into the possession of much material
of very genuine value. Material so ac-
quired forms what are known as "duplicate
collections," and from these the Federation
has been permitted to draw for exhibition
purposes. The collection of mezzotints,
comprising ninety exhibits of superior en-
gravings of old English • portraits, is thus
secured, as are the collections of colored
etchings, wood block prints and lithographs
which have been shown with great success
in several library galleries as well as in art
museums and colleges.
Of the exhibition of photographs and
original sketches of American mural paint-
ings sent out by the American Federation
of Arts the librarian of the public library
in St. Louis reported recently as follows:
"The library has become a member of the
American Federation of Arts, and has dis-
played five of its exhibitions during the
year. That of American mural paintings
has attracted the most attention, having
been seen by three thousand persons or
more — many of them architects, decorators,
stained-glass designers and students. . . .
As a result of this and other exhibitions,
many people are using the library who
never used it before, and the number of
books used in the room has decidedly in-
creased."
The illustrated lectures circulated by the
American Federation of Arts have been in
no less demand. At present these number
seven and are on the following subjects:
American painting, American sculpture,
Civic art, American mural paintings, Whis-
tler's etchings, Tapestries, and Furniture.
Each has been written by an authority and
is illustrated by about fifty slides. The lec-
tures are adapted to accompany the illus-
trations so they can be delivered by any
good reader. These are sent out to places
January, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
21
where authoritative lecturers cannot be
readily secured, without fee to chapters but
upon the payment of $3 by others, the cost
of transportation and a guarantee against
loss by breakage. Other lectures and collec-
tions of slides illustrating significant sub-
jects will be added later.
The American Federation of Arts' offi-
cial publication, Art and Progress, is a
monthly illustrated magazine. Its object is
to give publicity to all progressive move-
ments in the field of art and to definitely
relate art to everyday life. It is a general
readers' magazine, but is upheld to a pro-
fessional standard, and through its articles,
editorials and news notes the reader is kept
in touch with current activity in all the
branches of art. It is now in its fifth year
of publication, and has a circulation which
is fairly well distributed throughout the
United States. Its news notes and illus-
trations are made special features. The
subscription price is $2 a year, but special
rates are offered public libraries that sub-
scribe directly from the publishers.
The Federation's bureau of information is
made possible and of utmost value by the
maintenance of standing committees com-
posed of men of distinction in the several
professions and branches of art. The chair-
man of the committee on museums is Dr.
Edward Robinson, director of the Metropol-
itan Museum; of landscape architecture,
Mr. Frederick Law Olmsted ; of craftsman-
ship, Mr. C. Howard Walker. Questions
of an important nature presented to the
American Federation of Arts are referred
to these committees and given serious con-
sideration and response.
The annual dues for chapter membership
in the American Federation of Arts are
$10, which entitles to the privileges already
named and also representation at the an-
nual conventions.
The present officers of the American
Federation of Arts are: Robert W. de
Forest, president ; Leila Mechlin, secretary ;
N. H. Carpenter, treasurer; Charles L.
Hutchinson, first vice-president; W. K.
Bixby, E. H. Blashfield, Mitchell Carroll,
Cass Gilbert, Archer M. Huntington, Hen-
nen Jennings, Gardiner M. Lane, John F.
Lewis, E. D. Libbey, Mrs. E. W. Pattison,
Mrs. Charles Scheuber, and C. D. Walcott,
vice-presidents ; Ralph Clarkson, Mrs. Gus-
tave Radeke, Phillips B. Robinson, G. D.
Seymour, Lloyd Warren, Charles L. Hutch-
inson, H. W. Kent, Bryan Lathrop, Miss
Florence N. Levy, Lee McClung, Thomas
Nelson Page, Marvin F. Scaife, John W.
Alexander, Charles W. Ames, David
Knickerbacker Boyd, Glenn Brown, N. H.
Carpenter, Francis C. Jones, and C. How-
ard Walker, directors.
All communications should be addressed
to the secretary, 1741 New York avenue,
Washington, D. C.
WHAT OUR CHILDREN READ
AND WHY*
So much has been said and written on
what books children should or ought to
read that certain facts have been drilled
into us almost as axioms.
We have it down pat, for instance, that
a child in his development reproduces the
various stages of race development. We
are prepared to classify a child as being
in the wonder age, the credulous age, the
barbaric age, the transitional or the ado-
lescent. We know that each of these pe-
riods has its definite mental needs, and we
attempt to supply these needs by deciding
which mental food is best suited. This im-
plies, among other things, the selection of
certain kinds of books for certain periods;
the myth, the folklore, the animal story,
the standard classic, each has its allotted
period. The boy or girl who reaches the
High School is supposed to have had them
just as he is supposed to have had the mea-
sles and chicken pox and whooping cough.
We give the children literary food in
just about the way old Mammy Susan
down in Kentucky insisted upon giving the
children of the household their regular dose
of sulphur and molasses every spring be-
cause it had always been done so in that
household 'way back yonder, when "Ole
Mistis" was a baby, and besides, it was
good for them. We are careful to give
them portions of myths and folk tales of
* A paper read before the Library Section of the
New York State Teachers' Association, Syracuse, N.
Y., Nov. 25, 1913.
22
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[January, 1914
history and biography in very harmless,
diluted or sugar coated doses.
The educational publishing houses vie
with each other in producing attractive,
predigested, ready-to-assimilate, supple-
mentary readers warranted to be strictly
harmless. Ask the average teacher what
he: pupils read and she will probably tell
you some of the following titles: "Fif-
ty famous stories," "Old Greek heroes,"
"Heidi," "Great Americans for little Amer-
icans," "Tom Brown's schooldays," "Norse
stories," and "Lads and lassies of other
lands," for these are some of the staples
of the literary diet usually provided by a
more or less generous Board of Education.
It is not a bad diet as diets go, but the ques-
tion intrudes itself: How much of this do
the children really assimilate?
Suppose you ask the average mother
what her children read. She will look a
little bewildered until, with a relieved sense
of having remembered, she'll probably tell
you: "Oh, yes, that big red book that their
Uncle Ed gave them for Christmas, and
those cunning little books bound in white
with the forget-me-nots on them that
Cousin Mary sent them; and, of course,
there's the set of books that I bought from
that agent who used to wear out my front
steps. I guess the children are reading
them. I've been too busy getting the
monthly payments ready for the agent
really to bother." As for father, he will
frankly tell you he doesn't know, but he
guesses there are plenty of books around
the house. There ought to be, for isn't
he always buying another new one that
teacher says Johnny or Mary must have ?
Next to the home and school, the church
and Sunday school are recognized as
wielding the largest influence in the devel-
opment of the character of children. Ask
the average Sunday school teacher what
her pupils are reading and she will tell you
something like this: "Why, I don't know.
The children mark the numbers on their
book card from a catalog. I guess the
books are all right. I used to read the
Dotty Dimple books and the Pansy books
and Rosa Carey's, and we girls wore out
a set of the Elsie books. They've replaced
them now by the Little Colonel books and
the Motor Girls, and the girls seem crazy
about them." Should you ask the children's
librarian of a public library, she would
take out her sheet of circulation statistics
and tell you exactly what per cent, of fic-
tion or non-fiction was read, also how many
titles of folklore, science, useful arts, lit-
erature, history, travel and biography are
circulated each day. But would that give
you exact information? No, for we must
take all the various agencies from which
reading material is supplied to children, and
we must not forget the "underground li-
brary," by which we mean the books that
travel from boy to boy and girl to girl with-
out the knowledge of the parent, teacher or
librarian.
If we would know what children read we
must get it directly from them.
During the last five weeks I have visited
forty-one representative classes of the
sixth, seventh and eighth grades in the pub-
lic schools of Rochester with a view of
taking an inventory of the pupils' reading
and of teaching them to tell about the es-
sentials of a book in a brief book note
written on a slip of paper the size of a post
card. The pupils were asked to think of
the one book which they know best. To
give the author if possible, to tell in one
word each the kind of a book, and when
and where the story took place. Only big
divisions of time and place were asked for.
Then they were told to tell in two or three
sentences what they thought of the book,
and finally, how they came to read it.
The results were read in class and an op-
portunity was taken to talk briefly on what
stamps a book as good or bad or mediocre.
As these tests in book selection were
"sprung upon" the pupils by a person whom
most of them had never before seen, the
replies reflected unhampered original
thought. The children really did choose in
practically all cases the book which they
liked best, and not the one which they
might suppose teacher or parent would
want them to choose.
Nearly a thousand of these replies were
tabulated. The results were most interest-
ing and often surprising. There were prac-
January, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
tically none of the really bad books of the
Nick Carter or Jesse James variety, but
there were a great many of the perhaps
more pernicious books that might be
classed as mediocre, the kind that give a
false ideal of life, such as the Alger, Oliver
Optic, Rover Boy series, L. T. Meade books,
the Elsie Dinsmore books and their ilk.
These were invariably loaned to each other,
though often they were the gift of father,
mother, or Sunday school teacher. In many
instances they were bought by the children
in the five and ten cent stores.
The mania for collecting things includes
books, for boys boasted of having a library
of Alger and Oliver Optic and Henty books,
or all of the Motor Boy series. The cheap-
ness of the books is no doubt responsible
for the great number of them that are read.
Louisa Alcott's books, particularly "Little
women," were chosen by many girls and
the latter was declared the best book ever
read, because it was "so sensible to read,"
and "because the girls weren't all angels,
either," or because -"My mother's mother
read it and she wanted me to read it, too."
Henty was represented in goodly num-
ber because "it tells of bloody battles, and
I love them kind of stories." For the same
reason, and because "it's so exciting and
adventuresome," history was chosen. How-
ever, very few other books of non-fiction
were included. Now and then a book of
useful arts, of the Jack-of-all-trades vari-
ety was found. With the exception of the
"Life of William McKinley," not a single
book of biography appeared in the list.
Books usually classed as standard litera-
ture had their devotees. Evangeline was
chosen because "we were forced to read it,
but afterwards I liked it very much." Of
the "Lady of the Lake" one boy said: "I
liked it because it took so much thought to
find the meaning."
And this is the way "Romeo and Juliet"
appealed to a seventh grade girl: "This
book was about two families that had a
quarrel, and one family had a party and .
one of the boys of this other family came
and he fell in love with this girl. I think
this book is very interesting. I saw this
book at the library at the school, and I al-
ways like a book that is very thin; and it
had big print, so that is how I came- to
read it."
Myths were classed as fairy tales be-
cause they were "awful interesting, but
not real." Invariably there was a note of
apology in a book on fairy tales, expressed
usually: "I liked it very much, although
it was a fairy tale." However, nearly al-
ways they wrote of having read the book
many times.
The rereading of books generally was
very noticeable. One girl spoke of having
read the twelve books in the Little Colonel
series each three times, and "it was mostly
about the same little girl."
It was interesting to notice the extent to
which the phraseology of the kind of book
the children habitually read affected even
the wording of the short booknotes. The
readers of Optic or Alger spoke of their
heroes as "poor, but bright young lads,
who climbed the ladder of success." The
readers of the Meade books characterized
their heroines as "noblehearted, but sadly
misunderstood girls."
Time and place even to a seventh or
eighth grade pupil are more hazy and con-
fused than we adults realize. The scene of
action of "Rebecca of Sunnybrook farm"
was laid in London, England. "Oliver Twist"
was said to have taken place "in the Middle
Ages." "The time of knighthood" was a
simple and convenient time period often
used. "The spring of the year" seemed
to suffice for one girl. Another girl in tell-
ing of "The madcap," by L. T. Meade, said :
"It took place in the middle aged years."
In answer to the question how they came
to read the book, the tabulation showed
that the recommendation of other boys and
girls far outnumbered recommendation of
either teacher, parent, or librarian. This
can doubtless be traced to the inherent dis-
trust of their elders in the matter of book
selection, for they are always so keen about
advising books one ought to read. The mo-
tion pictures induced many to read "Ivan-
hoe," "The talisman," and "Rob Roy."
The author's name attracted some, the
title others. One boy said he read "Robin
Hood" "because it said 'Robin Hood, the
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[January, 1914
outlaw/ on the cover, and I always did like
to read about outlaws.'' Illustrations, es-
pecially pictures, on the cover of the book
lured some. Several girls said they chose
their book because "it looked good, it had
lots of talking in it and empty places/' by
which they meant wide margins.
It was surprising to see how many chil-
dren read a book "because I was lonesome"
and "never had nothing to do."
The argument often advanced that the
reading of books does not really influence
the lives of children was clearly disproven
again and again. Here are some examples :
One girl, in speaking of "Elsie Dins-
more," said: "It is a book which I would
like my schoolmates to read because of the
cleanness, the goodness, thoughtfulness and
kindness of the little girl." Another girl
writes of the same book: "It showed how
to lead a Christian life, and how we should
love our parents."
A seventh grade boy says, discussing
"The young outlaw," by Alger: "This
book is about a boy who was very bad and
became good and held a good position. I
like this book because it tells you how you
can get along in life."
This is the ideal of college life one boy
received from reading Barbours "The half-
back" : "This is a story of football, where
a boy goes to college. It makes me feel
that I would like to go to college, too, and^
join the football squad."
A girl in reporting on one of the Pansy
books expresses the wish that every girl
might read the book, for "It is very inter-
esting and it might even convert a soul."
There is no doubt that books do have
power to affect the soul of a child. It is
most important, then, that we to whom is
given so large a share in the building of
character of the boys and girls .entrusted
to us shall know well these silent com-
panions within the covers of books.
Only when we know children's books can
we guide the pupils' choice understanding-
ly, sympathetically and lovingly. But know-
ing books is only half of the problem and
will avail us little unless there goes with
it a sympathetic understanding of the needs
of a child's growing mind.
Froebel's call, "Come, let us live with our
children," is more than a mere invitation
to share pleasant companionship. It is an
opportunity to avail oneself of the mental
stimulus to be derived from a fresh view-
point as it is revealed to us in a child's
awakening consciousness to the joy and
beauty, the unworded pathos and mystery
of the little world in which he finds him-
self. It is a rare privilege to really know
books, it is a greater privilege to know
children, their wants and aspirations, but
greater than these is the privilege of be-
ing a mediator between the book and the
child, of being instrumental in opening new
visions of beauty to an inquiring mind. Of
a teacher, as of a mother, it often can be
said: "And they shall rise up and call her
blessed," for it is through them that the
way has been made clear to see and know
"whatsoever things are true, whatsoever
things are honest, whatsoever things are
just, whatsoever things are lovely, whatso-
ever things are of good report."
ADELINE B. ZACHERT.
THE QUESTION OF BOOK STORAGE
AT the meeting of the American Library
Institute on Dec. i Harry Lyman Koopman,
librarian of Brown University Library,
read a paper on "The question of book
storage," which was based on an article he
contributed to the September number of
The Printing Art. In it he makes a plea
for the use of thinner paper and the elim-
ination of unnecessary margins, and the
adoption of a more uniform size and style
of format in general, that the present waste
of space in libraries, both public and pri-
vate, may be lessened. The complete ar-
ticle is reprinted below:
It is a curious illustration of the imper-
manence of most products of the press that
the question of their form with reference
to economy of storage has hardly been
raised. Most of them are true ephemera,
creatures of a day, we might even say of
the moment consumed in reading them.
Yet, if printing is an art preservative as
well as communicative, then its permanent
records call for storage, and storage, even
January, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
on the scale of a private library, involves
one of the costliest of all the elements of
the modern man's life — space. It is ob-
vious, therefore, that he who can make
two books stand where one stood before is,
if he has not sacrificed quality, a public
benefactor, and deserves all the praise ac-
corded by Dean Swift to the grower of the
additional blade of grass, while, on the con-
trary, he who makes one book occupy the
room of two has wrought an injury to the
world, unless he can justify his theft of
space by a corresponding gain in quality.
Commercially, purely from the point of
view of money-making, there is a reason
for each tendency toward compactness and
toward bulk. The smaller the book the
more cheaply it can be sold, and the wider
the sale; the larger the book the more can
be asked for it with an appearance of jus-
tice, and the more profit there is on each
sale.
As business has always been business, we
find the two tendencies at the very begin-
ning of the printed book. The black letter,
which displaced the Roman type in the
North-European countries, did so, not be-
cause it was more beautiful or more legible,
for it was neither, but because it was more
condensed, and by its use more reading
matter could be got on a page. Aldus in
Venice faced the same problem of getting
away from the extended character of the
noble Roman, and solved it by copying Pe-
trarch's slender handwriting, thus produc-
ing the type known from the country of
its birth as Italic. But, along with the
handy and compact twelvemos and sixteen-
mos, appeared the stately folios and portly
quartos, not designed for wide circulation,
and therefore printed with larger type on
heavier paper, works that form the proud-
est masterpieces of printing and amply jus-
tify the space the> have taken up in our
libraries for more than four hundred years.
Later a notable achievement in compact-
ness was made by the Elzevirs in condens-
ing and reducing the Roman type and
making tiny books, of pocket and even vest-
pocket size, books that were favorites in
their time and remain favorites with the
collector who is a booklover and not a
mere speculator.
So long as books were arranged on the
shelves of public and private libraries more
by sizes than by subjects, their proportions
did not so much affect compactness of stor-
age, if only the paper was not too thick
or ample or the type too large. . There
were almost as many shelf -heights as
shelves, and the books filled their shelf
spaces, at least up and down, though usu-
ally not from front to back. But, for thirty
or forty years, American libraries, and most
modern libraries everywhere, have been ar-
ranged by subjects, and according to rather
fine divisions. Under these divisions the
books are arranged alphabetically or chro-
nologically, and the value of such a system
depends largely upon having as many as
possible of the books actually so arranged
in one visible series. Obviously the very
largest books must be arranged in a series
of their own, but the smallest books need
not be so arranged ; there is nothing to pre-
vent their being mixed in with the medium-
sized books, and in library practice they
are now regularly so mixed. Thus all dif-
ferences of height in books are ignored
except the regular and over-sized. The gain
to the student is enormous; he finds before
him in one row — with dummies here and
there referring him to special shelves — all
the books in the library on the subject he
is investigating. Since libraries are ar-
ranged for the benefit of their users and
not merely for storage purposes, there is
no likelihood of a return to the old system.
But this means, under any system of book-
design that has ever yet prevailed, a de-
plorable waste of space. Our libraries are
actually filled more with wind than with
print — even without reference to their in-
tellectual contents.
Now, the cost of shelving a book is a
matter of calculation. In the library in
which these lines are written the cost of
shelving its books, if the cost of the stack
alone is considered, is about thirty cents
a volume ; if the cost of the whole building
is considered, the cost of shelving each
book rises to a dollar. But, taking the nar-
26
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[January, 1914
rower cost of thirty cents a volume, which
would represent the cost for new volumes
if the stack were to be extended, it is easy
to see that, if this is regarded as the nor-
mal, it makes a great difference to a library
whether its books in the future are to aver-
age half as bulky or twice as bulky. In the
one case the cost of shelving will sink to
fifteen cents a volume, and any given stack
will last twice as long before it has to be
extended; in the other case the cost per
volume will rise to sixty cents, and the
stack will have to be extended at the end
of half the expected time. Moreover, with
books twice the normal thickness, twice the
normal distance must be covered in getting
them. That either of these conditions is
possible, and that one is likely if certain
present tendencies continue, can easily be
shown.
The modern reader will not consent to go
back to the fine type used by the Elzevirs
or even to that in vogue in the middle nine-
teenth century. He insists upon a type read-
able with reference to the use intended,
whether continuous reading or consulta-
tion; but he is willing that the other ele-
ments of book-design shall favor compact-
ness. He is glad to have in his private
library an India-paper Dickens, at eight
hundred leaves to the inch in thickness, and
in public libraries encyclopedias and dic-
tionaries printed on paper of only twice
that thickness, or four hundred leaves to
the inch; in the one case shelving four
books where one was shelved before, in
the other case two. He sees no reason on
the side of the buyer why novels should
not be printed on paper as thin as that of
the American Encyclopedia or the Century
Dictionary. He would, moreover, have no
objection to a book form that should better
utilize the space on the shelves than is done
by the current twelvemos — for instance, a
form like the favorite two-column octavos
of forty years ago, the form in which many
veterans read Miss Mulock's novels.
If not sufficiently ancient for this, the
modern reader may still recall with pleas-
ure another book form which combined
compactness with legibility and lightness
more successfully than any other book of
modern times, and in which many of us
made our first acquaintance with standard
English novels. Here, for instance, is a
copy of "Henry Esmond," published in this
form July 4, 1879. It contains forty-four
quarto leaves, eleven inches high and eight
inches wide; its thickness is about a sixth
of an inch. A yard of these books, there-
fore, would just fill a regulation shelf, tak-
ing up all its available space, in height and
depth as well as length, and there would be
more than two hundred of them. "Henry
Esmond" in the original Smith Elder edi-
tion occupied nearly two running inches on
the shelf; the set of twenty-one volumes,
placed as closely as they should be on a li-
brary shelf, occupy thirty-eight inches, or
an inch and six-sevenths to a volume. In
1 88 1 the Harpers issued Hardy's "Lao-
dicean" in the Franklin Square Library.
The book contains thirty-six leaves, being
therefore a fifth thinner than the "Es-
mond" in this edition. In the new collective
edition of Hardy's works issued by the
same publishers this novel occupies five
hundred twelvemo pages, and is bound in
two volumes, which take up rather more
than three inches of shelf room. It is only
fair to add that the publishers offer also a
thin-paper edition. Is it any wonder that a
printer, on being asked by a young writer
how large a book a certain manuscript
would make, replied: "Any size you like."
It was said that the Harpers did not find
the Franklin Square Library profitable at
fifteen cents a volume for uncopy righted
books. With modern methods of produc-
tion these books would probably be very
profitable at that price. But during the
last thirty years the public has been edu-
cated to demand bound books, even at twen-
ty-five cents or less; and the Franklin
Square Library was issued in paper. Books
of this format could be issued in tough
cover papers, to occupy not more than a
quarter of an inch on the shelf; or since
libraries like to have the back of a book
wide enough to receive lettering and a label,
these quartos might be put into stiff covers
and still run three to the inch, or over a
hundred to the yard. As a book to hold in
the hand, one of these volumes in a durable
January, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
paper cover, and stitched through the mid-
dle of its single signature, thus opening
freely to the inner limit of the page, leaves
little to be asked. When its compactness for
storage is considered we can but marvel
that so promising a book-design should
have been discarded instead of being per-
fected. No doubt the public has been to
blame; it has wanted its books to make a
show; and this the thin quarto did not do.
But this format may be not discarded, but
only in abeyance. One of our popular mag-
azines has recently adopted a size both
higher and wider, twelve inches by eight
and a half, as against the much more con-
venient size of the Franklin Square Li-
brary. If other magazines follow suit,
it would be well if they would adopt
a height not too large for ordinary shelv-
ing, say, ten and three-fourths inches.
Above all, let our magazines and books
be printed on paper of reasonable thinness.
Let them not emulate certain of the British
reviews which come to us on a paper that
seems a cross between blotting paper and
cardboard. Here is the volume of the
Westminster Review for the last half of
1911, occupying three inches, not reckon-
ing the covers, with its 358 leaves. Its
volume for the first half of 1898 has one
more leaf and occupies an inch and a half,
even so being on paper as thick as anyone
could wish. But the new paper is so
much lighter ! — yes, by the inch, but not
by the page ; for the two volumes just con-
trasted weigh respectively fifty-six and
fifty-eight ounces, with the advantage on
the side of the thinner volume. If this fash-
ion should prevail widely, it would be-
come necessary for librarians to demand
not merely, as they have done, binding
adapted for wear but also paper adapted
for storage. But let us hope that the
"blown book," to use Franklin's apt phrase,
blown in type, in leading, in paragraphing,
in margins, and now last in paper, may
prove so contrary to the spirit of the twen-
tieth century that, if ever produced, it will
remain in its publisher's warehouse a windy
monument to his own mistaken judgment
and treachery to his professional ideals.
VOCATIONAL WORK THROUGH
THE LIBRARY
IN view of the discussion of vocational
guidance at the recent meeting of the Mas-
sachusetts Library Club, the work of one
of Boston's special libraries in this direc-
tion may be of interest.
The public reference library conducted by
the Women's Educational and Industrial
Union is devoted to women's work, and a
considerable part of the material relates to
vocational education and guidance and in-
stitutions offering special training for non-
teaching professions. Current reports and
catalogs of schools and colleges throughout
the country giving vocational courses are
kept in the library, and may be consulted by
anyone. A person interested in social ser-
vice, for instance, will find there the circu-
lars of the different schools for social serv-
ice in the United States, and also books and
periodical articles describing the opportuni-
ties for women in this field.
So many requests for information of this
sort have been received that suggestive
reading lists (ten to twenty titles) have
been prepared on a number of occupations
for women, as agriculture, chemistry, in-
terior decorating and institutional manage-
ment. These are sent to deans of women's
colleges, vocational counsellors and libra-
rians who are interested in the subject.
Most of the references relate to college
and business women; some of them, how-
ever, are intended for the high school and
grammar school graduate, and part of the
vocational material in the library is of in-
terest to the younger girl.
The Union's vocational guidance work is
conducted chiefly through the appointment
bureau. . The library supplements the work
of the bureau by collecting material for its
use and preparing references on voca-
tional subjects. Some direct vocational ad-
vising is, however, performed by the li-
brary. Many requests are received either
in person or by letter for information about
the requirements for some special line of
work, the preparation needed and schools
that offer such training. "What are the
28
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[January, 1914
necessary qualifications for a children's li-
brarian?" "Where can I learn landscape
gardening?" "How can I prepare myself
for settlement work?" are illustrations of
requests received.
Another phase of the work is represented
in the "Notes on women's vocations,"
which is one of the features of the Union
house organ. These include references to
new lines of work for women, openings in
the Government service, civil service ex-
aminations, and notices of current books
and periodical articles on vocational sub-
jects.
In addition to the reference lists above
mentioned, several special studies on voca-
tional work with women have been pre-
pared. A survey of the opportunities in
eastern Massachusetts for professional
training for women was made for the As-
sociation of Collegiate Alumnae, and is em-
bodied in the recently published directory
of that organization on "Vocational train-
ing." A study of vocational guidance for
college women has just been completed.
This includes organizations engaged in the
work, collegiate appointment bureaus, work
of the Association of Collegiate Alumnae
and its branches, and college publications
dealing with the subject.
ETHEL M. JOHNSON.
ADMINISTRATION OF LIBRARY
BINDING
THE most successful administration of a
library's binding department requires rec-
ognition of two very important and funda-
mental business principles that are often
overlooked, and more waste may be traced
to the failure of observing these almost ob-
vious economic features than to the patron-
age of any number of unsatisfactory bind-
ers. These two elements of success are:
first, a thorough standardization of mate-
rials and methods, and second, a proper
classification of the material to be bound,
such a classification to be based upon the
use, location, and value of the volumes to
be treated. In consideration of this theory
we may almost overlook those causes of
general complaint, such as the poor quality
of paper and publisher's bindings, or even
the unwarranted trimming and wholesale
treatment that is characteristic of many so-
called "library" binders, for the first we
are unable to control, and the second may
be regulated by the scheme outlined here-
with to such a degree that the element of
dissatisfaction may be greatly minimized, if
not entirely obviated. Scientific direction
makes it possible to use to advantage many
of the methods that at present we are al-
most inclined to label as "butchery" and
"shoemaking." Laced, or French joint
cases, tight backs or loose backs, sewing
on sunken cord, sewing on tapes, straight
sewing, and over-sewing are all meritorious
processes, but the exclusive adaptation of
either alternative is a disastrous rut for
any library to follow. Yet that is pretty
much the situation to-day as revealed by
the bindings on the shelves of a dozen of
our leading libraries.
STANDARDIZING MATERIALS AND METHODS
The number of colors for bindings should
be few but strong in character, so that dark
blue, for example, indicates definitely one
exact shade, whether referring to a cloth
or to a leather. Fancies or aesthetic de-
lights deserve scant attention, if such selec-
tions suggest a multiplicity of rainbow ef-
fects, for thus the whole scheme of stand^
ardization is disrupted, since the term
standardization includes the idea of perpe-
tuity, and we cannot be sure that every
shade can be produced or even matched in-
definitely. The necessary idea of stability
and the certainty that cloth has this lasting
quality to a greater degree than any leather
determines that the color scheme must have
its basis in some one line of book cloths,
such as the library buckram produced by
the Holliston Mills.
For leathers a library should consider
only two or three, namely : Turkey moroc-
co, Niger morocco, and Scotch pigskin.
Since the colors of pigskin are not depend-
able except in the naturals and the browns,
this leather should be adopted only as sup-
plementary. Contrary to what many leath-
er dealers or bookbinders may say, perhaps
because they do not handle the leather, it is
January, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
29
quite safe to trust to the qualities of Niger
morocco. Turkey morocco has been the
only leather to give uniform satisfaction
for a long term of years, while other leath-
ers have been only relatively satisfactory
because of rapid disintegration after a
short period of disuse of the books thus
bound. The more recently introduced Ni-
ger morocco gives every evidence, how-
ever, of equalling the fine qualities of Tur-
key morocco, and costs several cents less
per foot. Since the nature of this article
will not permit any adequate discussion of
the relative values of materials, for the pur-
poses of this discussion, please accept the
standardized selections herewith, made as
a result of the suggested research and com-
parison :
Leather Cloth
Nicer morocco matching Holliston Library buckram.
Dark red No. 26
Light red 399
Dark blue 91
Dark green 92
Dark brown 4° 5
Light brown 13
Olive IS
Black (green-black) 75
With these colors of leather and cloth it
is possible to match with reasonable satis-
faction almost any number of old colors
used, except for the old sheep binding. For
this purpose natural pigskin serves best,
and may be matched by Holliston Library
buckram 396.
The style of type is another important
feature to be considered. Too often have
the binders been permitted to use their own
taste, with the result that legibility is often
interfered with. The old school binder
practiced this little trick to insure the re-
tention of the binding of future volumes
of sets belonging to a library or to an indi-
vidual patron ; he would include in one title
three or four styles as well as sizes of type.
Frequently this result was a violation to
artistic display as well as to the desirability
of simplicity. Good type costs a lot of
money (about eight cents per type letter),
so that the judicious sprinkling of a dozen
styles of letters over as many sets of vol-
umes would be difficult for a better binder,
perhaps, to match without a further equip-
ment of type than would have been neces-
sary otherwise.
The interior treatment and selection of
materials must be determined by each li-
brary and binder interested, although de-
signed end-papers are recommended, since
the figures hide the ugliness of the "turn-
in," the tapes, and the lining cloth. While
not attempting to discuss the relative merits
of case binding with the laced binding, it
might be well to state that any volume
bound in full cloth should never be of the
"laced in" style.
CLASSIFICATION OF BINDING
An ordinary classification of binding is
simply the division of new binding from
rebinding, and while new binding, be-
cause it usually includes more difficult col-
lation, averages a slightly higher rate of
cost, this division is not important except
as a matter of library record. A classifi-
cation based upon the use, location, and
value of individual titles, calling for four
grades or qualities of work, is decidedly
important. The principle of economy lies
simply in the proper distribution of the to-
tal bulk of binding over those four quali-
ties of work. Obviously, if the character
of a large portion of the total binding of
a library can be cared for satisfactorily
at a cheaper rate than is absolutely de-
manded for a few volumes, it is a waste to
select the superior grade simply for the
sake of having uniformly fine bindings.
The four degrees of quality that are usually
determined at a glance, together with the
probable per cent, that each class forms
of the library's total binding, may best be
represented by the following outline:
Class Designation % of total
i Reference books 10-15%
Valuable books
2 Serials and contin-
uations, literary or
indexed in serial
bibliographies
Reputable works
not in constant de-
mand
3 (a) Serials, obviously
of less worth than
above, trade in
character, and use
principally current
(b) Works of ordinary
value
(c) Popular books
Binding
y3 leather best
character of
binding
20-40% full buckram-
good work
careful collation
careful trimming
sew straight
30-65% (a) full buckram
(b) full buckram
(c) Y, leather,
cheaper work,
may be over-
sewed, and
trimmed, dura-
• bility chief requi-
site
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[January, 1914
Many public libraries might determine
that a considerable portion of class 2 could
be dropped into class 3, because the general
nature of the collection and the demands
upon it would not require careful preserva-
tion of some bibliographic features that
constitute items of distinct value in a uni-
versity library. It is by no means uncom-
mon, nor is it evidence of thoughtlessness
or bad policy to find in certain library
stacks valuable sets and works that have
been bound very plainly, but in adopting
this policy care must be taken that a cheap-
er binding for such material is not the
sort that injures the books to the ex-
tent of robbing them of various biblio-
graphic values. It has been determined
by bibliophiles more or less definitely just
how much worth may be attached to orig-
inal bindings, uncut leaves, or any other
items that may be characteristic of any par-
ticular edition. While this value is chief-
ly sentimental, the recognition of it has a
slight economic bearing, in that any treat-
ment which reduces that theoretical value
also reduces the value of the collection.
One authority states that trimming more
than 1/64 of an inch from the top of a book
takes off 50 per cent, of its edition value.
If this assertion is true, there are many
thousands of volumes that have been bound
for various libraries within the last few
years that are now about as valuable as a
scuttled ship or a tumbled-down house. The
universal practice of oversewing and its
attendant processes by many binders is re-
sponsible for a great deal of this.
OVERSEWED VERSUS STRAIGHT SEWED BOOKS
Libraries owe a great deal to those bind-
ers who have developed methods of over-
sewing, because this process without doubt
offers the most durable results, but this de-
sired durability should be restricted to that
class of books which demands it. In pro-
ducing this binding the binders have made
good, but the librarian has listened too long
to their advice and has done too little in-
vestigation of the results if he permits the
universal practice of this style of binding
for his library. The process of oversew-
ing usually requires the cutting off the back
of the books, taking away an eighth of an,
inch of the inner margin. The smooth
back is then coated lightly with glue, and
when dry, the book is separated into arbi-
trary signatures, which are perforated
along a line an eighth of an inch further
into this inner margin. After the volume
has been sewed and has reached the for-
warding process each of the other margins
is trimmed smooth. The page has now
been trimmed on all four edges, and be-
cause of a usual slight unevenness in the
perforation and the nature of the sewing
involved the edges of the sections are not
aligned as evenly as is common with
straight sewed books. For that reason the
trimming of the outer edges is nearly dou-
ble the amount that would be necessary to
give the straight sewed book the proper
finished appearance. The straight sewed
books require the preservation of the orig-
inal signatures, the number of pages of
which are supposedly consistent with the
weight and quality of the paper, while the
oversewing process permits, at the point of
the arbitrary division into sections, a reg-
ular variation from that number. A twelve-
page signature book may thus be redivided
into sixteen or eighteen page sections, al-
though theoretically this never happens
without intention. Whatever discussion
may arise about this point, libraries may
be sure that the usual result is a gain in
the strength of binding, but that added
strength is not always needed, nor is it de-
sired, if the volume is a valuable one. The
oversewing process is characteristic of
cheaper bindings because it is labor saving ;
the actual time for sewing takes longer, as
the binder will state, but the difference is
more than made up by the time that is
saved in the mending and reinforcements
required on the back of the signatures, if
treated in the orthodox way. That is why
so many binders prefer to oversew every
book they bind. The conclusion or recom-
mendation set forth, however, should ap-
pease both this type of binder and the fas-
tidious librarian. It is as follows: Give
to those firms that have the best methods of
oversewing all of the library's binding that
would fall in the class numbered 3 in the
January, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
classification given herewith. The more
valuable material is probably worthy of a
more careful treatment, and seldom de-
mands any elements of durability not con-
sistent with the most orthodox binding.
THOMAS P. AYER.
A. L. A. BINDING RECOMMENDA-
TIONS
SINCE there has recently appeared a
statement from a library binder that leath-
er was the proper material with which to
bind all books, no matter how they were to
be used, it seems only fair that librarians
should know exactly the recommendations
of the binding committee on this important
point. The recommendations advocated by
the committee can be summed up in three
brief rules :
1. Always use leather on books which
are to receive hard usage.
2. Never use leather on books which will
be seldom used.
3. In case of doubt give preference to
cloth.
It follows from these rules that fiction
and juvenile books should be bound in
leather, except in localities where experi-
ence has demonstrated that cloth is better.
In view of the experience of many libra-
ries during the last ten years, there is no
doubt in the minds of the committee but
that leather is best for such books, and
that a good grade of cowhide is good
enough for this purpose.
Reference books, especially those which
are heavy, such as dictionaries, encyclo-
pedias, etc., should, of course, be bound in
leather.
It follows, furthermore, from these rules
that practically all periodicals should be
bound in cloth. There are very few libra-
ries in which the use of bound periodicals
for reference purposes justifies binding
them in leather. There may be a large use
of periodicals as a whole, but the use that
any one volume will have year in and year
out is very slight. Since the cloth which
meets the specifications of the Bureau of
Standards has been on the market libra-
rians have had at their disposal a material
which, in view of the tests made before the
specifications were drawn up, can almost be
guaranteed to last as long as posterity will
wish it to. We know that cloth which is
very inferior in quality has been on the
backs of books for over seventy years and
is still in excellent condition. It is reason-
able, therefore, to suppose that cloth made
according to these specifications will last
practically forever in the temperate zone.
While we know this about cloth we can-
not be equally sure that leather will last near-
ly as long. We know positively that leather
which is not free-from-acid is sure to de-
teriorate under conditions which will be
found in all libraries. We know that leath-
ers free-from-acid will last much longer,
but how much longer is a matter of con-
jecture. Furthermore, it has been discov-
ered that in many cases leathers which
have been advertised to be free-from-acid
have been found on analysis to contain
as high as i per cent, of free sulphuric acid.
There is no question but that a leather-
bound book has a much better appearance
than one bound in cloth, but in view of the
facts the Committee on Binding believes
that the use of leather, except on books
much used, is to be strongly condemned.
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRA-
RIAN OF CONGRESS SHOWS
STEADY GROWTH.
THE report of Dr. Herbert Putnam, head
of the Library of Congress, was submitted
to Congress on Dec. i, for the year ending
June 30, 1913. It includes the report of the
superintendent of the library building and
grounds, and also that of the register of
copyrights, making in all a volume of 269
pages.
It appears from the report that accessions
to the library the past year have been most
noteworthy from their volume and diver-
sity. "This volume," says Dr. Putnam, ''in
major part the result of copyright, gift, and
exchange, has become so momentous as to
constitute a problem far beyond that of ?.ny
other library. In an ordinary library — for
instance, a municipal library — much of such
material would be wholly avoided ; in the
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[January, 1914
national library, with the duty to acquire
and preserve not merely the most compre-
hensive exhibit of the American press prac-
ticable, but the miscellaneous material in
every other field which the ordinary libra-
ries can not undertake, and precisely be-
cause such other libraries can not undertake
it — in the national library a limitation upon
the acquisitions in concern merely for the
difficulties of administration would be fool-
hardy. Better to receive it and treat it
broadly than to reject it wholly." There
is, however, the problem of actual shelv-
ing. Within six or seven years it will be
necessary to arrange additional accommo-
dation in the northeast court-yard as has
already been done in the southeast court.
A stack constructed there would provide
space for 800,000 volumes at a cost of not
over $325,000.
During the past year two of the veteran
employes of the catalog division, Louis C.
Solyom and Steingrimur Stefansson, have
passed away. Mr. Solyom, who was a
Hungarian by birth, had been connected
with the Library of Congress since 1867
and was a linguist of exceptional ability.
Mr. Stefansson, who had been with the
library since 1899, was its highest expert in
bibliography. A third death during the
year was that of James Quay Howard,
since 1897 *n charge of the "Congressional
Reference Library," with his headquarters
in the Representatives' reading room. Sev-
eral divisions, notably those of classifica-
tion, catalog, and reading room, have suf-
fered seriously through the frequent with-
drawal of assistants to library positions
elsewhere, where better salaries are of-
fered.
The appropriations for the library proper
and the copyright office, including those for
the care of buildings and grounds, were
$592.585.94. This does not include an al-
lotment of $202,000 for printing and bind-
ing. Appropriations for salaries were
$384,389.72, and for purchase of books $98,-
ooo, which was exclusive of $2000 to be
expended by the marshal of the Supreme
Court for new books for that body. The
increase of salary from $6,500 to $7,500 for
the librarian was refused, as were increases
for the chiefs of the periodical and prints
divisions, and a special appropriation rec-
ommended for the purchase of additional
books and other material for the division
for the blind, was not granted.
The net accessions of printed books and
pamphlets for the year were 115,862; maps
and- charts (pieces) 6100; music (volumes
and pieces), 39,167; prints (pieces), 10,-
749. A numerical statement of the number
of manuscripts is not feasible. The total
number of books now in the library is
2,128,255; maps and charts, 135,223; mu-
sic, 630,799; prints, 360,494. While no
large groups of printed books were pre-
sented this year, the aggregate of 11,256
pieces received by private gift testifies to
the continued interest and generosity of
thousands of individuals and unofficial bod-
ies. In a widely different category, but in
its actual significance truly literary, since it
embodies a memorial of distinguished liter-
ary service, was the gift from Dr. Law-
rence Heyworth Mills, now a professor at
Oxford University, of a beautifully illum-
inated address on vellum enclosed in a
casket of silver, presented to him by Parsi
friends and admirers in Great Britain as a
mark of their appreciation of his services
to Zend Avestic research. With the manu-
script records of the American Coloniza-
tion Society, came also the society's special
collection of printed books, numbering 745
volumes, 730 pamphlets, and 486 period-
ical numbers. These included not only
files of the publications of the society and
of its state auxiliaries — reports, periodicals,
and occasional issues — but also numerous
miscellaneous works relating to slavery, to
the progress of the negro race, and to the
Liberian Republic. Some 500 photographs,
chiefly of Liberian subjects, and 77 maps
were also part of the collection. The
classes of literature that have received the
most concentrated attention and the most
important, if not the most numerous, acces-
sions during the year have been art and
architecture. Source material relating to
the early periods of discovery and explora-
tion of the western hemisphere was largely
augmented by the acquisition of the manu-
scripts of Dr. Rudolph R. Schuller, the well
January, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
33
known specialist in American philology.
The collection embraces such results of Dr.
Schuller's own researches as are still un-
published; a considerable body of tran-
scripts and of photographic reproductions
of rare originals preserved in widely sep-
arated archives — in the Archive General de
Indias in Seville, in the National Library
in Rio de Janeiro, in the British Museum,
the Royal Library in Berlin, the Brinton
collection, in remote monasteries in Peru,
and in other almost inaccessible repositor-
ies; and an elaborate manuscript bibliogra-
phy. Special efforts have been directed to
the acquisition of source material relating
to European history, using as a guide the
Check list issued by the American Histor-
ical Association. Of the 2197 sets there
listed, the library now possesses 1102, or
slightly more than one-half the entire list.
The completion of the collection of this ma-
terial is being made the object of special
effort.
In the manuscripts division several ac-
cessions have been made which round out
important groups already in the library.
Among these are the diary of John Fell, an
addition to the Papers of the Continental
Congress; the logs and journal of Admiral
Sir George Cockburn, supplementing the
large collection of his papers acquired four
years ago; the papers of Nicholas Biddle,
which, taken in conjunction with those of
Andrew Jackson acquired several years
ago, complete the story of the contest be-
tween Jackson and the second Bank of the
United States; the records of the Amer-
ican Colonization Society bring to a period
the history of the attempts at negro coloni-
zation; and, finally, the important project
of building up a library of transcripts of
documents in the archives of foreign coun-
tries which pertain to America in its col-
onial period, now measurably completed so
far as the English records are concerned,
has received impetus from the arrange-
ments entered into for transcribing the
documents in the French and Mexican ar-
chives. Three volumes of the Journals of
the Continental Congress for the year 1781
were issued in the course of the year. The
copy for the year 1782 is in press, and that
for 1783 is well on in course of editorial
preparation.
In the division of documents 24,583 vol-
umes arid 18,559 pamphlets were acces-
sioned, and also 770 maps and charts. In-
ternational exchange relations were estab-
lished with four additional governments,
viz., the Presidency of Bombay, the Presi-
dency of Madras, the Government of Fin-
land, and the free city of Lubeck. This
raises the total number of foreign deposi-
tories of United States documents to 92.
Official publication of the various states of
the Union received numbered 9485. Dur-
ing the preceding year a special collection
of American official publications on indus-
trial accidents and their compensation was
made; in response to requests for further
information, the division this year made a
special collection of German documents on
this subject, consisting of 714 volumes and
pamphlets. A second special collection
consists of the documents published by for-
eign legislatures for the use of their mem-
bers, covering rules of procedure, methods
of drafting bills, etc., and numbered 409
volumes and pamphlets. A third collection
consists of the publications issued in con-
nection with the arbitration of the 1912-13
wage controversy on eastern railroads.
In the law library the accessions were
6173, making the total number of volumes
158,117. Since 1894 briefs in the cases
filed in and decided by the Supreme Court
have remained unbound. The binding of
these has now been arranged, and briefs
and records will be bound in accordance
with the order in which the cases are
printed in the official reports of the Su-
preme Court. During the year there was
published a 93-page bibliography of bib-
liographies of international and conti-
nental law under the title "The bibliog-
raphy of international law and continental
law." A fellowship in the library has been
established by Harvard University, by
which Mr. Thomas W. Palmer, Jr., has
been designated by the president and fel-
lows of Harvard University to study in the
library the law of Spain, and then by a brief
subsequent study of Spain to assist in the
publication of a Guide to the law of Spain.
34
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[January, 1914
It is hoped to publish the volume during
1914.
During the past year the experiment has
been tried of opening the map division on
Sundays and holidays. Inquiries made on
these days were, on the average, more nu-
merous and quite as important as those
made on week days. The "Descriptive list
of maps of Spanish possessions within the
present limits of the United .States, 1502-
1820, by Woodbury Lowery, edited by P. L.
Phillips" was published, and the printing
of the third volume of the "List of geo-
graphical atlases" is under way.
In the music division no gifts of moment
were received. The transcribing of the
scores of old operas unprocurable in the
original or in print has continued, forty-
four being added during the year. The
catalog of "Early books on music" ap-
peared in August, and the "Catalogue of
early librettos" will probably be finished
early in 1914.
The periodical division receives 6679
current periodicals (separate titles). As the
division uses the second copies of the copy-
righted periodicals received (now 1020 in
number), the total number of current pe-
riodicals received is 7699. Of this number,
1268 are received through the Smithsonian
Institution. In these statistics year books,
almanacs, and other serials of an annual
nature, board of trade, and official serial
publications are not included. The whole
number of periodical acquisitions amounted
during the year to 135,358 items. The
number of newspapers received is 894, of
which 788 are American and 106 are for-
eign. Of the American newspapers, 582
are daily papers and 206 are weekly. Dur-
ing the year 1912 volumes of newspapers
were bound, and 5189 volumes of period-
icals. One publication, "A check list of
American eighteenth century newspapers in
the Library of Congress," was issued, and
the chief of the division collaborated with
the chief bibliographer in preparation of
the "Select list of references on the mon-
etary question."
Among the accessions to the prints divi-
sion of special interest are several series of
lithographs and etchings by Joseph Pen-
nell, principally views of the Panama Canal.
The division has supplied during the year
to educational institutions and art classes
16,627 photographs of paintings, sculpture
and architecture, without the loss (or dam-
age) of a photograph.
In the binding division 8552 volumes
were bound in half morocco, the half mo-
rocco being in part the new "acid free"
goatskin, of domestic tannage and finish,
which is expected to outlast by many years
the expensive French and German mo-
roccos. In all 13,649 volumes received
leather bindings and 21,378 were done in
various book cloths, besides a considerable
amount of repair work.
The total number of volumes cataloged
during the year was 107,544, of which 73,-
949 were new accessions and 33,595 arrears
recataloged; 704,387 cards were prepared
and filed in the several catalogs of the li-
brary. Following the reclassification close-
ly several of the sub-classes in language
and literature, including some of the larger
and more important, have been completed
and others started well under way. These
constitute the bulk of the material recata-
loged.
American and English law at the Capitol
and Library of Congress has been divided
for purposes of convenience in handling
into three general groups.
I. Statutes, reports, digests.
II. Treatises, textbooks.
III. Reference: Encyclopedias, gen-
eral collected cases, law diction-
aries, language dictionaries, pe-
riodicals, etc.
In all of these a large part of the material
was found uncataloged, especially among
the books received before 1900, which were
at that time shelved without cataloging.
Until February, 1912, entries were made
and printed without indication of subject
headings.
The number of volumes classified during
the fiscal year 1912-13 was 105,618; re-
classified, 23,970, including 1817 transfers;
new accessions, 81,648; shelf listed, 98,442,
of which 76,289 were new accessions.
During the year the number of subscrib-
ers to the printed cards has increased from
January, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
35
1774 to 1852. The cash sale of cards, in-
cluding subscriptions to proof sheets,
amounted to $47,765-26- Cards for about
45,000 different titles were added to the
stock during the year, including about 6000
cards printed for libraries in the District
of Columbia and about 1800 printed for
other cooperating libraries. The whole
number of different titles now represented
in the stock is approximately 584,000, in-
cluding about 34,000 "unrevised" cards not
represented in the depository sets. A proof
sheet depository set has been supplied to
the Philippines Library. Except for this
change, the list of depositories is the same
as given in the report for 1911.
The division of bibliography has en-
larged its general work and has prepared a
large number of typewritten lists during the
year, and has also cooperated freely with
other agencies in the work of selection and
compilation of titles.
The main work of the Smithsonian divi-
sion has comprised the filing in of the sets
of society publications; the preparation of
unbound volumes for binding; the circula-
tion of books in the classes of academic so-
cieties, and those relating to pure science,
and the examination of books and pam-
phlets transferred from other libraries.
The reading room for the blind, trans-
ferred from the Public Library, has had a
successful year.
The number of blind readers has stead-
ily increased, until the list of active readers
now covers practically all the known blind
of the District of Columbia, about 100 in
number. The acquisition during the year
of several hundred new books, music scores,
and magazines published in embossed print
has brought joy to the hearts of the book-
hungry blind. By a provision of Congress
there are sent to this library copies of all
books made for touch readers at the Amer-
ican printing house, Louisville, Ky., so far
as these are printed from the Government
allotment. In addition to the new matter
from this source there have been additions
by gift and purchase.
Discussion of the project for a legislative
reference bureau has continued and several
bills have been introduced. In Appendix
iv are quoted in full the three bills which
are of most practical interest, together with
quotations of the reports accompanying
them.
In addition to these bills in Appendix iv
are other reports and appendices, including
the report of the superintendent of the li-
brary building and grounds, statistical
tables of appropriations, and expenditures,
appropriation acts, 1913-14, report of the
register of copyrights, and a list of acces-
sions of manuscripts and broadsides during
1912-13.
OPENING OF THE SOMERVILLE,
MASS., PUBLIC LIBRARY
THE new building of the Somerville Pub-
lic Library, for which ground was broken
fifteen months ago, was dedicated Dec. 17,
with brief informal exercises. Three min-
ute addresses were made by the mayor, the
building commissioner, and the president of
the board of trustees. The librarian, Drew
B. Hall, spoke briefly on "The aims of the
library of to-day." He said :
"The progress of a city depends upoft
the development of the bodies, of the minds
and of the spirits of its citizens. The great-
est force in the world is the inspiration
men receive from a book, the Book of
Books.
"So long has this power of books been
recognized and so widely is it spread that
to-day all things under the heavens, or in
the sea, or on the earth are dealt with in
printed pages. To succeed every man must
read. Yet unaided he knows not which of
the volumes before him is best for his pur-
pose; neither is he able to own privately
all those he sometimes must read. To meet
this need for thousands of books on hun-
dreds of subjects, and for guidance in their
choice and use there have been created co-
operative libraries of the public.
"Great as is the service offered, still
greater is the economy effected. For the
cost of its maintenance, the public library
system of this city yearly renders service
which, if purchased individually, would cost
its citizens half a million dollars. The li-
brary alone deals with what may be con-
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[January, 1914
sumed and consumed again, and may be
read and re-read, and be still able to give
each new reader whatever part of itself he
can understand and take unto himself.
"To give this good service of books there
are required three things — buildings, books
and actuating force.
"Buildings suitable for economical and
efficient work, and since libraries house the
minds and the spirits of the great, and offer
them continually to citizens both young and
old, buildings beautiful to uplift the living
and honor the dead !
"Books; of the making of them there is
no end ; books great and little, books useful
and useless, books never dying and books
never alive ! Inaccurate books and out-of-
date editions are worse than none; dupli-
cation of matter already owned in one vol-
ume is confusing and wasteful. So the
choosing of the best books and their skillful
use have become a profession, and their
classification and cataloging an exact sci-
ence. .
"If the building be the body, and the
books be the mind, there must be the third
part, the heart and the spirit. This is the
library staff of sympathetic, forceful and
well-educated persons breathing warmth
into the body of cold brick, and life into
the mind of quiescent books; ready at all
times to serve the city, 'regarding, not
chiefly its passing cravings, but those
things which alone can finally satisfy it/ "
Following Mr. Hall was a brief address
by the superintendent of schools on "The
public library as a public educator," after
which Dr. Charles L. Noyes, of the board
of trustees, delivered the chief address of
the evening, on "The influence of the pub-
lic library."
"To understand what it means that a city
should build, equip, man and maintain a
library like this," he said, "is to explain
the meaning of our civic life to-day. A
modern library is a mirror held up to
modern life in its latest phase. Approve
it you cannot, unless you believe in the
movement of humanity in which we are a
part. Condemn it and you indict civiliza-
tion, you stand against the stream of our
life as a people to-day. "The best is not too
good for the common people/ is our creed
and our inspiration. The symbol of that
civic zeal and ideal is before us in this no-
ble library, standing in the present and
pointing to the future.
"A modern city library is, I think, the
finest and clearest interpretation of the
spirit of the times. It is, indeed, but one
organ in the complex and complete munici-
pal ministry. All kindred institutions —
hospitals, schools, parks, play and pleasure
grounds — are but the people acting col-
lectively for the benefit and betterment of
all. But I hope it will seem no partiality in
me to say that the library serves in things
which are the most indispensable, and of
the highest rank.
"A public library shows humanity edu-
cating itself for human life — improving its
efficiency, perfecting its nature, enriching
its capacities and resources. But the su-
preme task for the democracy of the future
is to educate itself for its work as a democ-
racy. Popular government must be intel-
ligent. A democracy cannot survive, still
less prosper, without libraries or their
equivalent. A monarchy might, but the
problems of life and government under
popular rule are many and multiplying, and
we, the people, must solve them. Mere zeal
and good will have not enabled us to dis-
pose of such comparatively simple issues as
temperance, charity, slavery. What shall
we do when we deal with the more debated
and difficult subjects, such as commission
government, referendums, public owner-
ship, trust control, eugenics, and all the
reforms which are thrust upon us to adopt
offhand?
"But the spirit of the library turns on us
sad eyes of rebuke when we dwell too long
on her function as educator of workers and
voters. She first and last offers to us,
at their best, the things for which we work
and live. She gives us books gathered from
all lands and ages, selected, adapted to
mood and taste and capacity. Of all the
ministries of a city to its citizens is there
any to surpass, to equal this? It invites
all the people into the aristocracy of intel-
ligence and character. The best that life
has to give man, at his best and highest, it
January, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
37
SOMERVILLB PUBLIC LIBRARY-MAIN FLOOR PLAN BOOK ROOM FOR ADULTS 150 SEATS-WOODEN BOOK CASES FOR 45,000 VOLUMES
0 LIBRARY-GROUND FLOOR PLN-
VOLUMES CAPACITY-CHEN'S ROOM « SEATS
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[January, 1914
makes the universal prerogative of the
whole body of citizenship."
Following the addresses the building was
thrown open to inspection. Its style is Ital-
ian Renaissance, and was inspired by the
Palazzo Albergati of Bologna. It is 123x73
feet, two stories high, with a half-floor cel-
lar in the rear. It is built of Persian gray
brick with terra cotta trimmings and green
tile roof. The Snead storage stack of two
levels, containing 140,000 volumes, has been
placed in the center, below the main floor
of the building, and is thus entirely depend-
ent upon artificial light, and persons are
placed between the stack and the light next
the windows. This reverses the type of
plan of which the Library of Congress is
an example, with the reading room in the
center and the books outside.
The largest group of users, the adults,
are given the main floor extending over the
storage stack, which contains wooden cases
upon the alcove plan for 45,000 volumes
and seats for 140 readers, and has light on
all four sides and overhead. The second
group, the children, occupy one end of the
ground floor, with direct access to the stor-
age stack; has shelving for 7000 volumes
and seats for 75.
The third group, the staff, have a cata-
loging room at the other end of the storage
stack on the ground floor. In the rear is a
suite of four rooms for staff convenience,
and at the right of the entrance a small lec-
ture hall seating 100. Artificial light is by
electricity from overhead; indirect on the
ground floor, direct in the book room for
adults, whose height, some 23 to 30 feet,
raises the lamps largely above the line of
vision. Tables and book cases are all mov-
able, allowing the rearrangement of space
as desired. The cellar has boiler, janitor's
rooms and two work rooms. An electric
elevator with five stops reaches all floors,
and there is a very complete equipment of
telephone and other appliances for comfort-
able, rapid work.
The attempt has been to erect a central
building complete for the moderate sum of
$125,000 which should be beautiful in sim-
ple dignity, economical in construction and
efficient in operation. These purposes would
seem to be accomplished, the unit cost per
seat and per volume stored being very low
and the beauty and lightness generally ac-
knowledged. " D. B. H.
AMERICAN LIBRARY INSTITUTE
IN place of the usual meeting at Chicago
in January, a meeting of the American Li-
brary Institute was held at the Park Ave-
nue Hotel in New York on Monday, Dec.
i, under the presidency of Dr. Frank P.
Hill, and with Miss M. E. Ahern at the
secretary's desk. There were in all twenty-
six members of the Institute present,
but as an invitation had been extended to
other library people in New York and vi-
cinity, the afternoon meeting was attended
by forty or fifty library folk, including
M. Otlet of Brussels, and the evening meet-
ing by over a hundred.
The first paper at the afternoon session
was that of Mr. H. L. Koopman, librarian
of Brown University, on "Book storage,"
in which he lamented the considerable
waste of shelf space, as by books of feath-
erweight paper and like irregularities, as
well as by the requisite air-space, and in-
stanced the large saving of space resulting
from the use of such a page as the old
Franklin Square Library. He referred in-
cidentally to Mr. Edison's suggestion of
thin nickel plates for book use. There was
some brief discussion of the use of India
paper books, which were in general consid-
ered unfit for library use.
Prof. W. Dawson Johnston of Columbia
University then presented a paper on "Re-
cruiting college men and women for the
ranks of librarians." He quoted statistics
from returns made by college classes at
Princeton and elsewhere to show the stand-
ard of payment of professional men and
the increasing remuneration of men who
had adopted a business career, which last
was in striking contrast with the pay of
librarians. He suggested that there should
be a definite campaign to obtain the in-
terest of college men and women in library
work, by lectures on the subject in the im-
portant colleges from eminent librarians.
His paper offered opportunity for com-
January, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
39
ment from several points of view, part be-
ing taken in the discussion that followed by
Miss Ahern, Mr. Hill, Mr. Dana, Mr.
Dewey and others. Mr. Dewey pointed
out that though he was the first to
limit membership in the New York Library
School to those having a college degree, he
emphasized much more the natural adapta-
bility for library work on the part of those
seeking to enter the profession. There was
considerable discussion and diversity of
opinion on the subject from the several
speakers, and after a further summing up
by Mr. Johnston it was decided that a
committee should be appointed to take any
advisable steps.
The subject of "appraising the value of
book collection" was treated rather in-
formally by Mr. C. H. Gould, librarian of
McGill University, Montreal. He outlined the
three methods of appraising a library, at its
cost, at what it would bring at auction, and
at its probable replacement cost, rather in-
dicating the latter as a desirable basis, but
admitting the difficulty of making any val-
uation that would be wholly satisfactory.
A special dinner was provided for mem-
bers of the Institute, who were privileged
to include guests, so that about thirty-five
enjoyed the dinner hour together.
At the evening session, the invitation to
library people outside the Institute board
brought, as above stated, considerable re-
sponse in a larger attendance. Melvil Dew-
ey made the leading address of the meet-
ing on the subject of "The general tend-
ency of the library profession," emphasiz-
ing his well-known views with his usual
vigor. His inspirational address was cor-
dially applauded.
Dr. George J. Fisher, secretary of the
International Y. M. C. A., spoke on "Phys-
ical efficiency," summarizing his addresses
to the Brooklyn Library staff.
The Institute meeting was held at this
time and place to separate it from the coun-
cil meeting in Chicago, and coming im-
mediately after the meeting of the eastern
college librarians, had the advantage of
attracting several college librarians who
might not otherwise have been able to be
present.
NEW YORK STATE TEACHERS' AS-
SOCIATION—LIBRARY SECTION
THE meeting of the library section of
the New York State Teachers' Association
was held at Syracuse on Tuesday, Nov. 25,
1913. The meeting was called to order by
the president, Dr. Sherman Williams of Al-
bany, with about forty members in attend-
ance ; later in the morning this number ap-
proximated one hundred. It was noted that
teachers and librarians were present in
about equal numbers.
It is recorded that Miss C. M. Underhill,
regularly elected president at the last meet-
ing, found it impossible to serve and ten-
dered her resignation in February, 1913.
It was accepted with regret and filed. Dr.
Brubacher, president of the Association,
appointed Dr. Sherman Williams to the
office.
At the opening of the meeting the chair
explained the plan and purpose of the
School Library exhibit, and extended an
invitation to all to see it at the close of the
session.
The first paper presented was prepared
by Miss Frances Jenkins Olcott, on "Story-
telling as a means of teaching literature."
Owing to the absence of Miss Olcott this
paper was read by Dr. Williams. The fol-
lowing questions were given by Miss Olcott
as some which confront educators: "How
can I tell stories without special gift and
training?" "What is the educational value
of stories?" "How shall the story be pre-
pared and presented?" "How may it be
used to develop literary taste and lead to
better reading?" "What stories shall I
tell ?" Three points of this excellent paper
were that no teacher who loves children
need be afraid to tell them stories; that the
school alone can undertake formal and care-
fully correlated work for laying the foun-
dations of literary taste; and that story-
telling for the purpose of leading to better
reading should be part of every school cur-
riculum. It should be regarded seriously
as a necessary course in elementary lit-
erature.
The chair said he wished to emphasize
the opinion that story-telling should fill a
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[January, 1914
larger place in teaching literature than is
recognized. In the primary grades it
should have a place in the daily program.
Continuing, he said that children leave
school before their interests are established.
The interests awakened through the stories
told in school tend to direct their reading
and establish their interests. Further, in
secondary schools topics of history may
well have their historical setting given in
story form as introductory to other meth-
ods of teaching this subject.
Miss Mary S. Crandall, of the Richards
Library at Warrensburg, N. Y., read a pa-
per entitled "What can be done by a small
library in a small town," which was both
practical and suggestive.
The next speaker was Miss Martha M.
Cox of Elmira, district superintendent of
schools, who spoke on the "Possibilities of
the pupils' reading courses." Miss Cox
names the teacher, the pupil, the parent,
and the district superintendent as the agents
upon whom depends the success of the
reading course. Of these she names the
teacher as the most vital factor, and says:
"Casual acquaintance with titles of books
in the school library will not suffice; she
must be a constant, interested and an en-
thusiastic reader of the books she is en-
couraging her pupils to read." "Book day,"
an occasion to create interest in the school
library, is being observed in some schools
of this district. Parents are invited, and
the leading feature of the program is the
relating by the pupils of impressions gained
of library books they read. Miss Cox be-
lieves money is more generously appropri-
ated for the library since the people have
this opportunity to see that it is being used
to advantage. There are five organized
teachers' reading clubs in this supervisory
district, which are studying, in addition to
the prescribed teachers' course, practical
questions of library economy and efficiency.
The last speaker on the program was
Miss Adeline B. Zachert, of Rochester, who
gave an inspiring paper on "Books our
children read, and why."
In the discussion which followed various
questions came up : "The right book at the
right time," "Does this right time not
vary?" "What is the best book?" "When is
the best time?" "How is the child to learn
what is the best book?"
Miss Viele, Miss Thome, Miss Zachert,
Miss Pattison and Dr. Williams took part,
and points were made that revealed opinion
generally to be that it is not safe to de-
pend upon age, but rather upon individual
tendencies, temperament and environment
of the particular child in deciding what is
the best book for him.
Miss Zachert thinks that teachers should
suggest several books, naming items of in-
terest in each, and then let the child make
his own final selection. This favors the
personal element on both sides. To do this
the teacher must know the book herself.
The report of the nominating committee
was given as follows : For president, Miss
Adeline B. Zachert ; for secretary, Miss
Addie E. Hatfield. No other candidates
were named and these were unanimously
elected.
Miss Zachert, the new president, ex-
pressed the wish that the keynote for the
next meeting be spoken at this time. Miss
Elizabeth C. Thorne, of the Syracuse Uni-
versity Library School, offered as a sug-
gestion : "Some difficulties of school libra-
rians." Miss Thorne mentioned the book-
seller's choice for school libraries, which
shows lack of discrimination and judgment.
Frequently the books are cheap, inferior
and of no literary merit, and she asked: "Is
there anything this library section can do
to meet this condition? Does this empha-
size the teacher's responsibilities?"
Dr. Williams thinks it does emphasize
the teacher's responsibility, but to meet it
she should have training adequate to meet
the demands of the position. He stated
that but one normal school in this state
offers library training to teachers, and that
the training classes do nothing in this line
of work. He believes something should
be done to teach teachers how to select and
what to select. His experiences as chief
of the School Libraries Division of the
State Education Department furnish evi-
dences of the need of such training. He
further stated that school librarians, par-
ticularly those in high schools, should
January, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
receive compensation equal to that of
teachers.
. The idea to make this problem the sub-
ject for consideration and discussion at the
next meeting met with general approval.
Announcement is made that the State Li-
brary School Education Department, Al-
bany, N. Y., offers a course of training to
teacher-librarians, free of tuition, at the
summer session.
Appreciation of the arrangement and
completeness of the exhibit of school li-
brary aids was expressed by the chair, and
endorsed by all who saw it. The committee,
of which Mr. F. K. Walter of the State
Library School at Albany was chairman,
merited the commendation they received
for the efficient work done. Other members
of the committee were Miss Thorne and
Miss Munday, both of Syracuse.
A radical departure was made in the plan
of the exhibit this year. Instead of having
it confined to one room, three rooms were
devoted to it in the Central High School
of Syracuse, one room each being devoted
to primary, grammar, and high school li-
braries. A large number of teachers visited
the exhibit, and a considerable number of
bibliographies and other library aids were
distributed free.
Particular credit is due to Miss Elizabeth
C. Thorne, of the Syracuse University Li-
brary School, who arranged the schedule
of attendants throughout the time the ex-
hibit was in place; to Miss Mundy, of the
Syracuse Public Library, who arranged the
primary room, and to students of the Syra-
cuse University Library School, who gave
much valuable voluntary service in install-
ing and repacking the exhibit ; to the Syra-
cuse Public Library for appointing staff as-
sistants for service; and to the Central
High School of Syracuse for similar ser-
vice.
Valuable exhibits were received from the
New York Public Library and its Library
School; from the State Education Depart-
ment; the Brooklyn Girls' High School, the
Geneseo Normal School, and the public li-
braries of Buffalo, Binghamton, Syracuse,
Newark, N. J., and the District of Colum-
bia. The Baker & Taylor Co., Funk &
Wagnalls, and G. and C. Merriam Co. lent
a large number of attractive books suit-
able for use in school libraries.
A motion was made by Miss Cox that a
rising vote of thanks be extended to Dr.
Williams in appreciation of the excellent
program prepared for this meeting. It was
seconded by all the members present and
carried. At 1 1 140 a.m. the meeting ad-
journed.
ADDIE E. HATFIELD,
Secretary School Libraries Section.
MULTNOMAH COUNTY PUBLIC LI-
BRARY, PORTLAND, OREGON
IN preparing the plans for the new Mult-
nomah County Public Library building
there were two points constantly in view,
the one to secure the greatest possible
amount of space, the other to provide for
the utmost economy of administration. That
these two objects were accomplished and
yet subordinated to the beauty of the build-
ing is an achievement of which the archi-
tects, Doyle & Patterson, of Portland, may
be justly proud.
The building is of the style of the Geor-
gian period, three stories in height, with
basement and also a mezzanine floor over
a portion of the area. The basement and
first story, and also the trimming, are of
Bedford Indiana limestone, the remainder
of the building is of brick, rich red in color
and with slightly roughened surface, which
gives delightful texture. Broad granite
steps lead to the main entrance and the
buttresses on each side are adorned and
lighted by bronze candelabra. In the frieze
of the cornice over the main entrance is the
following inscription, "Public Library Built
by Multnomah County, A.D. MCMXII."
The frieze upon the remaining three sides
of the building bears the words Literature,
Philosophy, History, Poetry, Religion, Phi-
lology, Economics, Fine Arts, Science,
Architecture, Sculpture, Painting, Miisic,
Engineering, Education, Travel, Biography,
Mathematics, Astronomy, Chemistry. In
each of the panels under the second story
windows on three sides of the building ap-
pear fifteen names of notable characters in
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[January, 1914
the following groupings : historians, philos-
ophers, poets, novelists, painters, dramatists,
bookbinders, educators, religious leaders,
military heroes, naval commanders, explor-
ers, statesmen, painters, etchers, sculptors,
architects, musicians, scientists and inven-
tors.
In the backs of the seats of the balus-
trade surrounding the building are carved
the names of the best known and most
loved novelists. There are seventy-five ped-
estals in this balustrade; on the panels of
the larger ones are carved the seal of the
United States, the early Oregon territorial
seal, the state of Oregon seal, the county
seal, and the sea) of the Library Associa-
tion of Portland. The smaller pedestals
are ornamented with reproductions of the
early printers' marks and water marks. On
the tympanum over the central doorway is
carved an allegorical subject — the Alpha
and Omega in an open book. On the tym-
panums of the other doorways the seals are
repeated.
A bronze bubbling fountain is set in a
stone niche in the north balustrade, which
bears the legend, "Tongues in trees, books in
the running brooks, sermons in stones, and
good in everything." Above the fountain
between the windows is carved the "invita-
tion," "Come, go with us; we'll guide thee
to our house and shew thee the rich treas-
ures we have got, which, with ourselves,
are all at thy dispose."
Passing through the main doorway, the
visitor finds himself in a large vestibule
decorated in quiet tones. The directory of
the library is here, also the directory
of lectures and meetings, changed daily. To
the left is the free check room and a small
lecture room, which is equipped with a ster-
eopticon and also with a gas plate. This
room is especially adapted to the use of
clubs. Beyond the vestibule is a square
lobby with stairs, elevator, telephones, etc.
At one side of this hall is the entrance to
the newspaper and periodical department,
and on the other may be found the chil-
dren's department, branch department, story
hour room, woman's rest room, dark room
for photographs, and the indoor entrance
to Library Hall. This auditorium, which
has an outside entrance, also is equipped
with stage, moving picture machine and
fixed seats which will accommodate 550
people.
The second floor lobby, which is lighted
from an open well, has been utilized for the
public catalog and information desk. Back
of the desk is placed in a niche the Lem-
nian Athena, the genius of the library.
Opening from this hall on one side is the
reference department, at the far end of
which are the map and art rooms, on the
other the circulation department, and at the
end of this room is the school department.
On the third side is the technical room and
the administration offices, which include the
directors' room and private offices for the
librarian and assistant librarian.
The unique feature of the building is the
arrangement of the stack, which is in the
center of the building, artificially ventilated
and artificially lighted. The obvious ad-
vantage of this plan is that every depart-
ment of the library, with the exception of
the children's and the branch, has imme-
diate access to the shelves; the disadvan-
tages after three months' experience are
yet to be discovered.
The staff quarters, janitor's rooms and
work-rooms are segregated in the rear of
the building, which eliminates the necessity
of corridors, as a glance at the plans will
show.
On the first floor are the packing and
shipping rooms and a space for a bindery;
on the second floor the school department
packing room ; on the mezzanine the cata-
log and order departments, and on the third
floor the janitor's apartments and pages'
room and the staff locker room, rest room,
dining room, kitchen, bath and toilets.
The basement provides for the heating
and ventilating plant, storerooms and a
large public comfort station for men, which
has a separate outside entrance and is main-
tained by the city.
The main portion of the third floor is not
yet used for library purposes. There are
five small study rooms, two good sized lec-
ture rooms, and two very large rooms or
galleries available for exhibitions.
The building is of reinforced concrete
1 1 ~" ML
January, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
43
construction, fire-proof throughout. The
floors of all the important public rooms are
covered with cork tiling; the floors of all
other rooms with cork carpet. The wood
finish throughout, including all furniture,
is of quartered white oak "fumed," and
finished with wax. Particular attention was
given to the lighting problem, and success
has been attained by using indirect lighting
fixtures in all the reading rooms. In the lob-
bies and lecture rooms semi-indirect light-
ing fixtures have been used with modeled
alabaster glasseate in the fixtures. The
building has a combination heating system,
both the direct and indirect systems being
used. The cost of the building, including
the Snead stacks and all furnishings, was
approximately $465,000, or 18 cents a cubic
foot. M. F. I.
COLORADO BOARD OF LIBRARY
COMMISSIONERS
AT the first meeting of the newly reor-
ganized State Board of Library Commis-
sioners of Colorado, cooperation was ef-
fected between this Commission and the
members of the Colorado Civil Service
Board. Examinations for vacancies in Col-
orado institutions were held in December,
and the library commissioners were asked
by the Civil Service Board to prepare the
examination questions to be used in the
state examinations. There were three sets
of questions— one for a vacancy in the li-
brary of the State School of Mines, one
for applicants for positions paying $100 a
month or over, and a third set for appli-
cants for positions paying less than $100 a
month.
It was decided by the library commission-
ers to conduct an investigation in Colorado
regarding the work done by libraries for
schools. It was decided to use a modified
form of the questionnaire issued by the
Ohio State Survey Commission on library
cooperation with schools, which question-
naire was prepared by the New York Bu-
reau of Municipal Research.
While no money is available for the Li-
brary Commission's activities, the Commis-
sion decided to use the Colorado Library
Leaflet as a means of securing all the an-
nual reports of Colorado libraries, which
reports will be filed by the Commission for
future use.
Individual members of the Commission
also agreed that in lieu of a paid field work-
er, the members would visit Colorado
libraries as opportunity came, to encourage
the library work and to increase the ef-
ficiency in this work.
The officers elected were : president, Mr.
Chalmers Hadley, Denver Public Library;
secretary, Miss Charlotte A. Baker, State
Agricultural College Library.
DR. JOHNSTON TO GO TO ST. PAUL
DR. W. DAWSON JOHNSTON, the librarian
of Columbia University, New York City,
has resigned his post to become the head
of the St. Paul Public Library. Dr. Johns-
ton has been librarian at Columbia since
July i, 1909. He was appointed to succeed
the late Dr. James H. Canfield. Dr. Johns-
ton is a graduate of Brown University in
1893, an<J took his Master of Arts degree
at Harvard In 1898. He was an assistant
in the Library of Congress from 1900 to
1907, and librarian of the Bureau of Edu-
cation at Washington from 1907 to 1909.
In 1911 he received the honorary degree
of Doctor of Letters from Rutgers College.
He published the first volume of the "His-
tory of the Library of Congress" in 1904,
and has been a frequent contributor to the
LIBRARY JOURNAL and other periodicals.
CONFERENCE OF EASTERN COL-
LEGE LIBRARIANS
THE conference of Eastern College Li-
brarians was held in room 305. Schermer-
horn Hall, Columbia University, Saturday,
Nov. 29, 1913, with representatives of
twenty-four institutions in attendance.
The morning session was opened by an
address by Professor W. H. Carpenter, pro-
vost of Columbia University. The subject
of "The library budget" was discussed by
Dr. J. C. Schwab, librarian of Yale Uni-
versity, and the subject of "New library
buildings" by Mr. W. C. Lane, librarian of
Harvard College, and Dr. M. L. Raney, li-
brarian of Johns Hopkins University. Lan-
44
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[January, 1914
tern slides descriptive of the new Harvard
and Johns Hopkins library buildings were
used to illustrate the latter subject.
At the afternoon session Dr. L. N. Wil-
son, librarian of Clark University, presided.
The subject of "The relation between stu-
dent government and reading room admin-
istration" was discussed by Mr. J. Russell
Hayes, librarian of Swarthmore College,
and Miss Amy L. Reed, librarian of Vassar
College. "Vacation reading" was discussed
by Professor Lucy M. Salmon, and "The
cataloging of academic dissertations" by
Mr. T. Franklin Currier, Harvard Univer-
sity Library.
Upon motion of the librarian of Colum-
bia University, Dr. Johnston, a committee.
consisting of the librarians of Harvard,
Yale, Columbia, and Johns Hopkins Univer-
sities, was appointed to consider the ques-
tion of the cataloging of academic disserta-
tions. Upon the motion of Mr. Sherman,
of Amherst College, the librarians of Co-
lumbia University and Harvard were ap-
pointed a committee to make arrangements
for the next annual meeting.
Xibrarp
LONG ISLAND LIBRARY CLUB
The Long Island Library Club held its first
meeting of the season at the Bedford branch
of the Brooklyn Public Library, Nov. 13, at
3 P.m.
The president, Miss Harriot Hassler, intro-
duced the speaker of the afternoon, Miss Caro-
line M. Hewins, librarian of the Hartford
Public Library, who had consented to repeat
the address given at the Lake George meeting
of the New York Library Association in Sep-
tember on "What I've done in starting and de-
veloping work with children in the small coun-
try, town or city library."
Miss Hewins' talk was full of suggestion
and inspiration, showing how it is possible to
accomplish results even when handicapped with
lack of tools, accommodations, and a free in-
vitation to all to come to the library, for until
1802 the library was a subscription one. She
traced the growth of the work from small be-
ginnings in a subscription library with little
equipment to the busy place that the library is
to-day. Lists were compiled on all subjects of
interest to children, books for supplementary
reading were seftt to the schools, and club
work was developed. Then followed talks
given during the summer vacations for an hour
each week on subjects covering a wide range.
The Christmas book exhibit and the collection
of dolls representing all nationalities have be-
come regular features of the work.
Miss Hewins laid particular stress on a few
points which experience had taught her it was
well to heed :
That in club work the members of each club
have an interest in common outside of school
work;
That in a Christmas book exhibit inexpensive
books be included as well as the expensive il-
lustrated ones ;
That during the school year each child be
allowed but one story book a week;
That all children's applications be signed by
the parent or guardian, thus placing respons-
ibility where it belongs;
That all fines be strictly enforced.
The work in Hartford was carried on with-
out any children's room until 1904 when pro-
vision was made for one. Gifts and donations,
for furnishing, poured in from friends, other
children's rooms and library schools, thus at-
testing the high esteem in which the children's
work of the Hartford Public Library as car-
ried on by Miss Hewins is held by the public
and the library profession.
Miss Hewins also touched upon the exten-
sion work being done in the state by traveling
libraries, and read a letter from a country
school teacher telling of the great help the
books sent had been to pupils, teachers and
parents.
Those who were privileged to hear Miss
Hewins realize that a large part of her success
is due to the personal touch, the personal in-
terest she takes in each child coming to the
library, and her desire to enlarge the horizon
of each one.
ELEANOR ROPER, Secretary.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA LIBRARY ASSOCIA-
TION
At the meeting of the District of Colum-
bia Library Association, held Oct. 31, the
principal speaker was Mr. George B. Utley,
secretary of the American Library Associa-
tion. Mr. Utley spoke concerning various im-
portant phases of the work of the A. L. A.,
and especially of the work done through the
secretary's office and the various committees.
The annual meeting of the association was
held on Dec. 10. The question of affiliation
with the American Library Association was
January, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
45
discussed, but a vote on the plan was post-
poned until the January meeting. The an-
nual election of officers was held, and the
following were elected: president, Mr. H. H.
B Meyer, of the Library of Congress; first
vice-president, Mr. Willard O. Waters, Li-
brary of Congress; second vice-president,
Miss Kathryn Sellers; secretary, Mr. C. S.
Thompson, Public Library; treasurer, Miss
Emily A. Spilman, Department of Justice Li-
brary; executive committee, the officers just
named and Dr. George F. Bowerman, libra-
rian of the Public Library, Mr. Ernest
Bruncken, Library of Congress, and Miss
Eunice R. Oberly, Plant Industry Bureau
Library.
After the election of officers Mr. Paul
Brockett delivered the retiring president's ad-
dress, in accordance with the custom of the
association, choosing as his topic "Some li-
brary opportunities." Mr. Brockett's paper
was chiefly devoted to a discussion of the
opportunities and the need of greater cooper-
ation, national and international, in biblio-
graphic enterprises.
C. SEYMOUR THOMPSON, Secretary.
NORTH CAROLINA LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
The eighth annual meeting of the North
Carolina Library Association was held Nov. 5
and 6 at Washington, N. C The association
was the guest of the Washington Public Li-
brary Association, and the members attending
were entertained in private homes. All of the
sessions were held in the auditorium of the
public school.
The train bringing most of the librarians
was delayed and did not reach Washington
until nine o'clock, with the result that only a
part of the program for the first session could
be given that evening. Mayor Frank C. Kugler
gave a warm welcome to the association, and
stated his firm belief in the high mission of
public libraries. Mr. J. P. Breedlove re-
sponded in behalf of the association and gave
the president's address, "Every town and vil-
lage of North Carolina can have a public li-
brary." He showed how this can be done even
though the library be very small and its growth
slow. He spoke of the village library of Pom-
fret, Vt, and that of Nelson, Canada, as ex-
amples of what can be accomplished in small
libraries. Trie second session was held Thurs-
day morning at ten o'clock. The session was
conducted in two sections, for college libra-
rians and public librarians. The round-table
discussion of the problems of the college li-
brary was led by Mr. J. P. Breedlove. "Where
and how should reserve books be kept?" was
discussed by Miss Annie F. Petty, librarian of
the State Normal and Industrial College. She
was followed by Miss Eva E. Malone, for-
merly in the St. Louis Public Library, now li-
brarian of the Meredith College Library, who
gave an interesting account of "Periodicals in
the St. Louis Public Library." Prof. Ernest
Cruikshank, of St. Mary's School, was pre-
vented from attending, but sent his paper on
"How may the librarian attract the student to
the library?" Each paper was followed by
open discussion of the subjects, and of other
problems which the college library has to face
daily.
The public library section, held at the same
time, was led by Mrs. A. F. Griggs, librarian
of the Durham Public Library. Miss Bettie
D. Caldwell, of the Greensboro Carnegie Li-
brary, sent her paper on "Library publicity,"
which was read by Miss Mary B. Palmer. Miss
Caldwell wrote of the value of all forms of
advertising to the library, and sent samples of
the pamphlets, lists, posters, cards, book-
marks, etc., which she had used in making
known the resources of her library. Miss
Petty contributed to the exhibit several most
attractive picture bulletins made in the library
of the State Normal and Industrial College.
In the open discussion of the subject the libra-
rians of Raleigh, Wilmington, Winston- Salem,
Durham, Washington, and Charlotte, gave ac-
counts of their publicity work. Miss Mary B.
Palmer, Charlotte, told of her experience in
establishing a collection of books for business
men, and later discussed the best methods of
re-registration. Mrs. Griggs then discussed
"Rent collections," and told of the rent collec-
tion in the Durham Public Library.
The two sections then reassembled, and three
minute reports from every librarian present
were made on "The best thing done in my
library during the past year."
The third session was held Thursday after-
noon at three o'clock. Miss Leatherman asked
for the appointment of a committee on closer
cooperation between the Association and the
commission. Miss Palmer was made chair-
man of that committee.
The nominating committee made its report,
and the following officers were elected for the
next year : president, Miss Annie F. Petty, State
Normal and Industrial College; first vice-
president, Mr. J. Frank Wilkes, Charlotte; sec-
ond vice-president, Miss Bettie D. Caldwell,
Greensboro Carnegie Library; treasurer, Mrs.
A. F. Griggs, Durham Public Library; secre-
tary, Miss Mary B. Palmer, Charlotte.
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[January, 1914
Miss Leatherman presented an invitation to
the association to hold its next meeting in
Raleigh. The invitation came from the com-
mission, the Olivia Raney Library, Miss Rosen-
thai, and the Meredith College Library. The
question was referred to the executive com-
mittee.
The last session was held Thursday evening
at eight o'clock. Miss Minnie W. Leatherman
spoke on "The dissemination of books," em-
phasizing the peculiar rural problem of the
North Carolina library movement. The last
legislature made a small appropriation for
traveling libraries, thus enabling the commis-
sion to begin the work of sending out travel-
ing libraries in addition to the debate libraries
it has been lending for the past two years.
Mr. George B. Utley, secretary of the Amer-
ican Library Association, spoke on "What
should a public library mean to a community ?"
He told of his pleasure in returning to the
South, where he had lived for ten years. He
said that a public librarjr should be an institu-
tion for both young and old, and spoke of the
work with foreigners, workingmen, business
men and legislators. A library should be an
institution free to all. There are many people
in every community who are never reached by
the public library. Librarians should observe
the methods of business men and adapt them
for library use. The library should be a store-
house of local history. Much material which
will be valuable to the historian should be pre-
served in libraries. The library should be a
place of wholesome recreation, acting as a
counter attraction to vicious shows and other
harmful amusements. Finally, the library
should strive to disseminate a taste for good
books in the community, and should inspire
the people to have libraries of their own. Dr.
Louis R. Wilson, librarian of the State Uni-
versity, spoke on "The library in community
building," telling of the ideas current in North
Carolina to-day, of the men who are working
out these ideas, and of the relation of the
library to them.
Following his paper, the resolutions com-
mittee made its report, and a vote of appre-
ciation was passed, thanking Mr. Utley and
the Washington Public Library Association.
The meeting adjourned, and the evening
ended with a delightful reception held at
the home of Mrs. C. L. Baugham. The cour-
tesy and hospitality of Washington people
were much appreciated by the members of the
association, and added much to the success of
the meeting.
MARY B. PALMER, Secretary.
INDIANA LIBRARY TRUSTEES' ASSOCIATION
The Indiana Library Trustees' Association
held its fifth annual meeting at the Hotel
Severin, Indianapolis, Nov. 20-21, 1913. The
keynote of this meeting was better service for
the library and better library service for the
public. The first session, which opened at two
o'clock Thursday afternoon, was devoted to
a discussion of library legislation. The pres-
ident, Judge Ora L. Wildemuth, in his open-
ing address stated that the most important
work of the association was the improve-
ment of library legislation in the state of In-
diana. He said that if our libraries are going
to keep pace with all those things that make
for social, civic and moral betterment it is
absolutely essential for the future welfare of
our libraries that we have a uniform footing
so that all may work together.
The report of the legislative committee was
given by Mrs. A. D. Moffett, of Elwood, for-
mer president of the association, and under
whose administration the uniform library bill
was prepared. She gave an account of the
efforts to get the bill passed at the last legis-
lature, and said the failure was largely due
to the indifference of the Senate. Mrs. Mof-
fett recommended that a legislative committee
be appointed to redraft and perfect the codifi-
cation bill, and conduct a publicity campaign
among the library trustees of the state to en-
list their active cooperation in the effort to
secure the passage of the bill by the next leg-
islature. This discussion was continued by
Carl H. Milam, J. P. Dunn, Mord Carter and
Mrs. C. F. Lammers, a representative of a
school board library.
At the evening session, Mr. Merle Sidener,
publicity man for the Indianapolis Chamber of
Commerce, gave a most inspiring and profit-
able talk on "Library advertising." The dis-
cussion on this subject was led by Miss Lois
Compton, of New Castle, who gave an ac-
count of her efforts to secure better library
facilities for her city. Mrs. Howe, of Delphi,
continued the discussion, and a very interest-
ing communication was read on this subject
from Miss Mary Ahern, of Chicago. Miss
Ahern's message was that the best library
advertising is efficient service and a satisfied
public. An interesting paper, "The library of
fifty years ago," written by John Ade, of
Kentland, was read by the secretary.
Following the close of the program, a very
delightful informal reception was held in the
parlor of the hotel.
The Friday morning session was taken up
with a discussion of "Municipal reference
January, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
47
work," by John A. Lappe, superintendent of
the Legislative Reference Bureau, who thought
that every public library ought to establish a
municipal reference department, which would
supply all desired information on subjects of
municipal importance and interest. He said
his bureau would gladly cooperate with city
libraries by supplying material asked for, and
that the librarians could obtain expert infor-
mation and advice on any subject from mem-
bers of the faculties of Indiana University
and Purdue University. All the librarian has
to do is to ask these men for the informa-
tion. His address was further discussed by
Eliza G. Browning, librarian of the Indian-
apolis Public Library.
"Taking the library to the people" was ably
handled by Miss Ethel F. McCulloch, libra-
rian of the Evansville Public Library. A very
lively discussion followed this address, and a
wider use of the library assembly rooms was
urged.
L. J. Bailey, librarian of the Gary Public
Library, talked on the library's duty to the
schools. He outlined the work of his own
library, showing what a valuable adjunct it
is to the Gary public schools, which have a
national reputation. L. E. Kelley continued
this discussion, and spoke of the work of the
small library in its relation to rural schools.
At the afternoon session W. E. Jenkins, of
Indiana University, talked on "The public li-
brary and university extension." He urged
the cooperation of libraries in this work of
broader education. At this session also, the
report of the committee on salaries, vaca-
tions, and hours was given by the chairman,
Henry B. Heller, of Decatur. This report was
based on the replies of 92 libraries in answer
to a questionnaire which the committee sent
to 175 libraries of the state. It showed that
a very elastic schedule was in use in the state
in regard to salaries, vacations and hours.
The committee recommended that from 40%
to 50% of the total library income be spent
on salaries of librarians and assistants. It
was agreed that too many libraries were closed
during the noon hour and during the supper
hour. The library should be opened at these
hours, that the working men going to and
returning from work may patronize the li-
brary without loss of time or too great incon-
venience. In regard to vacations, it was rec-
ommended that librarians be granted annual
vacations of at least fourteen days with full
pay.
A motion was made and carried that this
committee on salaries, vacations, and hours
confer with a similar committee from the
Indiana Library Association, and report with
further recommendations at the next annual
meeting.
The report of the nominating committee
was accepted, and the following officers were
elected: president, E. L. Craig, Evansville;
vice-president, Mrs. Newbury J. Howe,
Delphi ; secretary, Miss Adah Elizabeth Bush,
Kentland; treasurer, Mrs. F. L. Swinehart,
Clinton.
It was decided to hold a joint meeting with
the Indiana Library Association next year.
The registration snowed an attendance of
fifty members, which was most gratifying.
These annual meetings are of much value to
library trustees, and aside from the benefits
accruing to them from the interesting pro-
grams, the inspiration derived from the min-
gling and acquaintance with library trustees
from all parts of our state is most helpful.
ADAH ELIZABETH BUSH, Secretary.
CHICAGO LIBRARY CLUB
At the December meeting of the Chicago
Library Club, Dr. John L. Lowes, of Wash-
ington University, St. Louis, gave his bril-
liant address on "Shakespeare's response to
what the public wants." In his discussion he
considered four elements as being of vital in-
terest: firstly, the author; second, the au-
dience; third, the demand, and fourth, the
response. In this case, Shakespeare the author
was an actor first, who knew his people and
was determined to write successful plays. His
audience was composed of average English-
men, butchers, apprentices and the like, who
pressed close to the stage from the pit. Then,
demand can be noted in four ways, for blood
and action plays, with murders, lust and in-
sanity; for euphuistic plays, or plays of the
wits ; for chronicle history, and for romance.
To each of these demands Shakespeare re-
sponded, and Prof. Lowes gave examples
showing how Shakespeare improved on him-
self in each. But in one respect Shakespeare
did not respond, and that was to the demand
for salacious or suggestive plays. In conclu-
sion, Prof. Lowes suggests that the demands
of the present day are, on the whole, the
same as in Elizabethan days, that the great
dramatist of to-day will have to accept these
human demands in his productions, but he
will have to rise above the degrading features
and create a higher atmosphere to which the
public itself in turn is ready to respond.
AGNES J. PETERSEN, Secretary.
48
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[January, 1914
LAKE SUPERIOR LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
The Lake Superior Library Association was
organized by Miss Lutie E. Stearns at Supe-
rior Sept. 18. Officers were elected as follows :
president, Mr. C. H. Sutherland, Superior;
vice-president, Miss Frances Earhart, Duluth ;
secretary, Miss C. Fennelly, Ashland; treas-
urer, Miss M. M. Greenwood, Washburn. The
next meeting will be held in Ashland in Sep-
tember, 1914.
SOUTH DAKOTA LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
The seventh annual meeting of the South
Dakota Library Association was held at Sioux
Falls, Nov. 24-26, 1913- The session was
called to order in the high school library
Tuesday morning by the president, Miss Edla
Laurson. Doane Robinson, secretary of the
new state library commission, reported the
successful passage of the library bill through
the legislature, and gave a most encouraging
account of the work accomplished in the few
months since the library law has been in force.
The state department of education turned
over to the commission 2200 volumes, the Fed-
eration of Women's Clubs gave 300 more, and
enough additional books were purchased to
equip fifty traveling libraries, which were sent
out the first of September. Another fifty
will be made ready early in 1914, and for
twenty-five of these applications are already
on file. Mr. Robinson paid high tribute to the
enthusiasm and efficiency of Miss Lilly M. E.
Borreson, the field librarian, whom the com-
mission secured through the recommendation
of Wisconsin and Minnesota library workers.
Mrs. Schmidt, of Watertown, then gave
"Items of general interest pertaining to libra-
ries and librarians," a series of clippings gath-
ered through the year. The plans for a libra-
rians' reading circle, first suggested by Mr.
Powers at a previous meeting, were discussed,
and a committee appointed to report later.
Mr. Powers, of Brookings College, gave a
report of the A. L. A. meeting of last sum-
mer, which he attended as the representative
of the South Dakota Library Commission.
Miss Borreson gave an informal account of
the work so far accomplished by the library
commission, and of her own work in visiting
libraries and arranging for traveling library
stations in various parts of the state. The
matter of South Dakota's being represented
on the A. L. A. Council was taken up, and it
was decided that we should have such repre-
sentation.
The librarians were the guests of the trus-
tees of the Sioux Falls Public Library at
luncheon at the Hotel Carpenter. The menu
cards were little booklets, classified under 642,
and containing the guest's name and number
in the book pocket.
At the afternoon session the president's ad-
dress was first on the program. It was based
upon two statements of the Apostle Paul —
"This one thing I do" and "I magnify my
office." Miss Laurson thought Paul would
have made a good librarian, and gave her
reasons. Miss Borreson then took charge of
the "Round table for small libraries," during
which the following topics were discussed :
Accessioning, by Miss McRoberts of Hot
Springs ; Shelf list and inventory, by Miss
Mclntire of Huron College; Charging sys-
tems; Necessary records and how to keep
them.
At the Wednesday morning session plans
for a librarians' reading circle were reported
by Mr. Powers, as follows:
"i. Members shall be arranged as far as
possible in groups of four.
"2. Each group shall read four books dur-
ing the year, one member in each group being
responsible for obtaining one book.
"3. Each member is to prepare a letter on
each book read, though the letter is not to be
confined to the book, but may express any
ideas on library matters, or comment on local
affairs ; this letter is to be sent at the time
the book is sent, to the next person on the
circuit.
"4. The dates of exchange are Jan. i, Feb.
15, April i, and May 15, 1914.
"5. Each circuit is to read Kenneth Gra-
hame's The golden age,' and Bostwick's
'American public libraries,' and will select the
two remaining books for its use.
"From time to time the Bulletin will pub-
lish studies and outlines of the books."
The report was adopted, and four circuits
formed at once.
Miss Borreson then discussed the topic
"Trustees, their relations to the librarian ;
duties ; organization," and Miss Thatcher read
a paper on "The library budget."
There was some discussion about the change
in form and policy of several magazines, and
the secretary was instructed to write to cer-
tain publishers, stating the objections of the
association to having reading matter and ad-
vertising upon the same page, and to having
the size of a magazine changed in the mid-
dle of a volume.
The new officers of the association are: '••
president, Miss Nettie L. Current, Sioux
Falls; vice-president, Miss Katherine D.
January, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
49
Steele, Lead; secretary-treasurer, Miss Helen
E. Miner, of Yankton College. Miss Borre-
son, Pierre, was elected alternate member of
the A. L. A. Council, and the legislative com-
mittee is Doane Robinson, Pierre; W. H.
Powers, Brookings ; Miss Borreson and Mrs.
Carter, Pierre.
MAUD RUSSELL CARTER, Secretary.
CALIFORNIA LIBRARY ASSOCIATION-
FOURTH DISTRICT BRANCH
The annual meeting of the fourth district
branch of the California Library Association
was held in Merced Nov. 22. M. D. Wood,
president of the Merced library trustees, de-
livered the address of welcome.
The first part of the afternoon session was
devoted principally to the various phases of
children's work. There were attractive illus-
trations and posters to assist in the discus-
sions. The second part of the afternoon ses-
sion was devoted to the subject of supplying
books to foreigners. In this connection a let-
ter from State Librarian J. L. Gillis, which
was read by Miss Eddy, state library organ-
izer, was of particular interest. In it Mr.
Gillis stated that the state is buying books
for use of foreigners and supplying them, on
the loan basis, to district libraries. He said
that the state would gladly supply such books
in the fourth district, and asked that the libra-
rians of the San Joaquin valley send in lists
of the books desired, these lists to be based on
the recommendations of English speaking for-
eigners, if possible, as to what books their
countrymen would best like. Mr. Gillis also
suggested that old-fashioned love stories, and
books by authors known in the old countries,
would prove especially attractive. Books will
be supplied in eight foreign languages, namely,
French, German, Portuguese, Spanish, Mex-
ican, Italian, Russian and Swedish. In the
fourth district the Portuguese are the most
numerous of foreigners, and the librarians
present at the meeting agreed that their ef-
forts along the lines of supplying literature
for foreign readers should be principally in
the interest of the Portuguese speaking peo-
ple. A discussion followed on the subject of
supplying periodicals ana newspapers in for-
eign languages.
Xibrarp Scbools
NEW YORK STATE LIBRARY SCHOOL
A joint staff meeting of the State Library
staff and the Library School was held in the
school's lecture rooms Thursday, Dec. 18.
Brief addresses were made by Mr. Wyer, Mr.
Janardan A. Kudalkar, director of State Li-
braries, Baroda, India, who described briefly
the recent library development in his state, and
President John H. Finley, of the University
of the State of New York. After the meeting
the staff, school, and guests were given an
informal tea by the faculty of the Library
School.
Recent visiting lecturers have been as fol-
lows:
Nov. 21. Dr. Herbert Putnam on "The Li-
brary of Congress and its work" and "Li-
brary constitutions," the latter lecture dealing
with some fundamental relations between
trustees, librarian and staff.
Dec. 10. Miss Mary E. Ahern, editor of Pub-
lic Libraries, on "Library conditions in the
middle west."
Dec. 16. Mr. Andrew Keogh, of Yale Uni-
versity Library, on "College library admin-
istration" (2 lectures).
The students had the pleasure of meeting
Dr. Putnam and Miss Ahern at teas given at
the conclusion of their respective lectures.
Dr. Pliny T. Sexton, vice-chancellor of the
University of the State of New York, was
also the guest of the school at the tea given
Nov. 21.
PUBLICATIONS BY ALUMNI
Although the former students of the school
are still engaged in doing library work rather
than writing about it, their publications for
1913 are numerous. In a group of repre-
sentative library periodicals, the LIBRARY
JOURNAL, Public Libraries, New York Libra-
ries, Bulletin of the Wisconsin Library Com-
mission, Special Libraries, and the Proceed-
ings of the A. L. A. Conference, 57 leading
articles by former students are included as
compared with less than 40 in the same group
of periodicals for 1912. For Folke- og
Barneboksamlinger, the Norwegian library
periodical, contains two articles by Mr. Arne
Kildal, '07.
The list in general literature is larger
than usual, and includes Miss Mary W.
Plummer's ('88) poem, "Prayers for the
living," in the July Century, and "popular
editions" of her "Roy and Ray in Canada"
and "Roy and Ray in Mexico" (Holt) ;
"Story-telling poems" and an edition of the
"Arabian nights," by Frances J. Olcott ('96) ;
"Uncle David's boys" (Lothrop), by Edna
Adelaide Brown ('98) ; "Children's book of
Christmas stories" (Doubleday), with Asa
Don Dickinson ('04) as joint compiler; "Voy-
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[January, 1914
age of the Hoppergrass" ( Macmillan ) , by Ed-
round L. Pearson ('04) ; "Myths and legends
of the great plains" (McClurg), by Katha-
rine Berry Judson ('06) ; and an article on
The Comprachicos" (a study in Victor
Hugo's ML*horame qui rit"), by John Boyn-
ton Kaiser (*io), in the Journal of the Amcr-
.'njtitutf of Criminal Law and Crimin-
ology for July.
Articles in other than library periodicals
but dealing with library work include articles
by Ame Kildal ('07) on "Scandinavian books"
in the Nation of April 13, and by Henry N.
Sanbom ('13) on "The scholar and the libra-
ries," in the Nation of Sept. n, an article
on the new normal course at Pratt Institute
for school librarians by Julia A. Hopkins
("97) in the Proceedings of N. E. A. for
1912.
In bibliography are a "Reading list on Gran-
v.lle Barker." by Mary L. Davis ('92), in the
HulUtin of Bibliography; "Selected articles
on compulsory insurance" and "Selected ar-
ticles on trade unions," two new volumes in
the Debater's Handbook Series by Edna Dean
Rullock ('94): "Bibliography of bibliogra-
phies" (ad ed.) and "Efficiency and biblio-
graphical research," by Aksel G. S. Joseph-
ton, in the Papers of the Bibliographical So-
ciety of America; a revision and extension
of classes E-F (America) of the Library of
Congress classification, by Charles A. Flagg
('07) ; a new edition (revised by Caroline
>ter) of Zaidee Brown's ('03) "Buying
list of books for small libraries"; "Periodi-
cals for the small library," by Frank K.
Walter ('06) ; "Reading lists on John Gals-
worthy, John Millington Synge and William
Butler Yeats," by Alice T. McGirr ('08) in
the Bulletin of Bibliography; "National bib-
phies of the South American republics"
•n the Bulletin of Bibliogra-
A*>). by John Boynton Kaiser ('10) ; "List
*orks relating to electric welding" and
of works relating to the development
and manufacture of typewriting machines"
(both reprinted from the Bulletin of the
New York Public Library), by William B.
Gamble ('12), and a bibliography of eugenics
prepared by Edith N. Grout ('13), under the
direction of Dr. Gertrude E. Hall, of the
York State Board of Charities and pub-
lished by that board
Under general library economy should be
noted the eighth edition of the "Decimal
rlan< nrrpared under the general
-<hip of May Seymour ('88) ; "Index-
ing: principles, rules and examples" (2d ed.)
(Library School Bulletin 33 )» bY Martha
Thome" Wheeler ('91); "Yearbook of the
League of Library Commissions, 1912," com-
piled by Zaidee Brown ('03) ; a Norwegian
list of subject headings by Victor A. G.
Smith ('13) ; and four new chapters (issued
as "preprints") of the A. L. A. Manual of
Library Economy: "Training for librarian-
ship," by Mary W. Plummer ('88) ; "Library
work with children," by Frances J. Olcott
('96); "Commissions, state aid, and state agen-
cies," by Asa Wynkoop ('05) ; and "Library
printing," by Frank K. Walter ('06).
ALUMNI NOTES
Ruby Charlton, '11-12, has gone to the Iowa
State Teachers' College, Cedar Falls, as as-
sistant librarian.
J. Howard Dice, B.L.S., '13, has been ap-
pointed assistant reference librarian in the
Ohio State University Library.
Mary P. Parsons, B.L.S. '13, has resigned
her position in the reference section of the
New York State Library to become assistant
in the public catalog room of the New York
Public Library.
Mary E. Robbins, '92, spent December as-
sisting in the preparation of the American
library exhibit for the Graphic Arts Exposi-
tion to be held at Leipzig during the summer
of 1914. In January Miss Robbins went to
California to take charge of the courses in
classification and cataloging in connection
with the short library course held at the
Riverside Public Library.
Maja Schaanning, 'i2-'i3, has resigned her
position as acting librarian of the Folke-
bibliothek of Trondhjem, Norway, to accept
the librarianship of the Kristiansand Folke-
bibliothek. F. K. WALTER.
PRATT INSTITUTE SCHOOL OF LIBRARY
SCIENCE
The charts visually presenting library work
that were prepared for the Institute exhibi-
tion last year have been itinerating this fall
in response to requests. They were loaned to
the Syracuse and Western Reserve Library
Schools, and at present they are assisting at
the opening of the Somerville Public Library.
Miss Ahern lectured before the school
on December 22 on "The library situation
in the middle west." In breadth of treatment,
first-hand knowledge of her subject, and orig-
inality of presentation the lecture was one of
the most valuable that we have had. The ap-
prentices and staff of the Brooklyn Public
Library were invited to the lecture. The
January, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
students had an opportunity of meeting Miss
Ahern at tea afterwards.
The last lecturer of the term was Miss
Mary L. Titcomb, librarian of the Washing-
ton County Free Library, Hagerstown, Md.,
who spoke to the students on the work of that
library. The story of Miss Titcomb's book-
wagon as told by herself has an immediate
human appeal, to which each class responds
and from which they never fail to gain both
pleasure and inspiration.
One of the advantages accruing to the
school from its connection with Pratt Insti-
tute is attendance upon the general lectures
of the Institute. Several of the class are tak-
ing a course in the History of art given by
the director of the School of Fine Arts. Re-
cently the class heard Edith Wynne Matthi-
son, who read "Sister Beatrice" before the
Institute students.
The class had the pleasure of attending a
lecture by Alfred Noyes on Dec. n on "The
sea in Tennyson's poetry" before a joint meet-
ing of the New York, New Jersey, and Long
Island Library Clubs.
Three unusually happy coincidences oc-
curred during the past month. Dr. Putnam
happened to be in New York, and talked to
the class a day or two after the Congressional
Library had been reported on in the "Survey
of the field" ; Mr. Kudalkar, of Baroda, India,
visited the classroom just as the classification
of a group of books bearing on India was
under discussion, and spoke on the relations
of the Vedas, the Vedanta philosophy and
Brahmanism; and lastly Mr. F. W. Faxon
happened in just after a lesson on the cata-
loging of periodicals and talked to the class
about the periodical department of the Bos-
ton Book Company.
The students were invited to attend a staff
meeting of the Brooklyn Public Library, at
which the evening in the Orient that was en-
joyed at the New York state meeting was
repeated, Mr. and Mrs. Borden and Mr. Ku-
dalkar taking part.
ALUMNI NOTES
In preliminary announcement just received
of the proposed establishment of a library
school by the State Library of California, we
note that Miss Sarah S. Oddie, class of 1894,
head of the catalog department at the State
Library, is to be in charge of the school.
Miss Nathalie A. Maurice, class of 1906,
has been made an assistant in the East Orange
(N. J.) Public Library.
Miss Louise M. Fernald, class of 1907, who
had been temporarily in charge of the library
at Great Falls, Mont., during the past year,
has recently been made librarian.
Miss Louisa O. Bleecker, class of 1911, who
has been since graduation first assistant at
the Public Library of Madison, N. J., has
been made head cataloger of the Elizabeth
(N. J.) Public Library.
Miss Sybil Barney, class of 1911, has taken
a position in the Milwaukee Public Library,
the functions of which include supervision of
the apprentice class, selection of books on
history, sociology, biography and travel, and
the making of annotated lists.
JOSEPHINE ADAMS RATHBONE, Vice-director.
LIBRARY SCHOOL OF SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY
The practice work of the students, which
in the past has been confined to the Univer-
sity Library, has been extended this year to
the Syracuse Public Library.
Miss Adeline Zachert lectured before the
school on "Children's work" during Novem-
ber.
During the meeting of the New York State
Teachers' Association, held in Syracuse on
Nov. 24-26, the students from the Library
School had charge of the exhibit of books
and library aids displayed by the State Edu-
cation Department.
E. E. SPERRY, Director.
DREXEL INSTITUTE LIBRARY SCHOOL
The following lectures have been given by
outside librarians since Nov. 17: "Book menl-
ing," by Miss Sara L. Young; "The Library
of Congress," Dr. Herbert Putnam ; "The fifth
kingdom and1 its keeper," Miss M. E. Ahern;
"The work of a county library," Miss Mary
L. Titcomb; "The Pennsylvania Public Li-
brary," Miss Anna A. Macdonald.
Examinations were held in accession and
order work, Dec. 17; loan work, Dec. 22;
classification, Dec. 23.
The Christmas vacation began Dec. 24 and
ended Jan. 4.
Jan. 5-8, inclusive, were spent by the stu-
dents in practice work at the Free Public
Library of Philadelphia and five of its
branches.
Dr. Hollis Godfrey entered upon his duties
as president of Drexel Institute on Dec. I.
Dr. James MacAlister, who resigned from
the presidency in June, 1913, died at sea, Dec.
11, on his way to Bermuda.
ALUMNAE NOTES
Miss Louise W. Rodgers, 1913, has re-
signed her position in the Free Library of
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[January, 1914
to take the clerkship of the
Society of Pennsylvania.
CbtiNNK BACON, Director.
•^MM USXAAY SCHOOL ASSOCIATION
The Drexd Library School Association held
its animal meeting in the picture gallery,
Drexd Institute, on the evening of Nov. 24-
The usual business was transacted, and after
a brief discussion it was decided to submit to
the vote of the association at the spring meet-
ing the HitfttJA" of extending the terms of the
officers to two years, the consensus of opinion
being that it took nearly a year for the offi-
cers to get their work well in hand.
The following officers were elected for the
ea*omg year: president, Miss R. Louise Kel-
. tee-president. Miss Edith Fulton; treas-
urer, Miss Caroline B. Perkins; secretary,
V - (Catherine B. Trimble.
After the business meeting an informal re-
ception was held for the class of 1914. Miss
Bacoa. Miss Doane and Miss Dougherty con-
tributed to its gayety by readings from dif-
ferent authors unknown, for the most part,
evta in this gathering of librarians.
R. Louise KILLER, President.
CARHSCIB LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH— TRAIN-
ING SCHOOL FOR CHILDREN'S LIBRARIANS
Ihinng the last month the following spe-
cial lectures have been given :
Nov. 22. Two lectures. "The librarian as
an educator* and "Some applications," by
Miss Louise Connolly, educational expert of
the Free Public Library, Newark, N. J. ;
Nov. JO, "Changing aspects of education,"
by Miss Ella Hanlon. principal of the Shake-
*h«A*A g fA* r> *i t Pfiaa— *- .•!.
-
Decs. Two lectures upon "Hi^h school
Bbrary work," by Miss Mary E. Hall, of the
High School. Brooklyn, N. Y. One of
these lecture* was open to invited guests and
a number of the high school principals and
teachers attended it
Mra, Gudrun Thornc-Thomsen, of River-
III.. »pmt the week of Dec. 8 at the
School, and trave ten lectures of
r ry year upon "Story-
On thr evening of Dec. 12 she con-
a most delightful Christmas story
bow for grown people in the auditorium of
•mewood Branch Library.
Mia* Agnes Cuffe. class of 1915, has left
• raining School because of ill health, and
»« at her home in Watertown, N. Y.
'*A* KOTtS
Helen M. Middleton. class of 1908, is now
Mrs. Frederick Truman Chittenden. Her ad-
dress is 430 Woodside avenue, Ripon, Wis.
Margaret Louise Bateman, class of 1910,
has resigned because of ill health from her
position in the Public Library in Oak Park,
111.
Irene Moore, class of 1910, is temporarily
upon the staff of the Public Library in Oak
Park, 111.
Clara May Mooney, class of 1912, has re-
signed from her position in the children's de-
partment of the Carnegie Library of Pitts-
burgh to become librarian of a branch of the
Public Library in Detroit, Mich.
Edith R. Morse, class of 1914, has resigned
from her position as librarian in the Young
Women's Christian Association to become
children's librarian in the Ballard branch of
the Seattle Public Library.
Eva Cloud, class of 1914, has resigned from
her position as children's librarian in the Pub-
lic Library of Council Bluffs, Iowa, to become
librarian of the Public Library in Kewanee,
111.
WESTERN RESERVE LIBRARY SCHOOL
On Nov. 14 the class was invited to hear
Mrs. Thorne-Thomsen give one of her lec-
tures on fairy tales before the training class
of the Cleveland Public Library. Miss Ella
Smith, state organizer for Ohio, visited the
school on Nov. 21 and spoke informally to
the students. The second of the out-of-town
library trips was taken Dec. 5. The class
spent the day in Youngstown, and were roy-
ally entertained by Miss Morse and her staff.
The students visited the main library in the
morning and the South High School in the
afternoon.
The news of the death of Mr. Richard A.
Lavell, '06, came as a great shock to his many
friends not only in the school, of which he
was an honored alumnus, but to his circle of
library friends in Cleveland.
ALICE S. TYLER, Director.
"Reviews
NEW TYPES of small library buildings. Wis-
consin Free Library Commission, Madison,
Wis. 88 p. O.
The Wisconsin Commission, in issuing this
pamphlet, has rendered an important service to
the small libraries. The title marks it as a
timely protest against the too common classic
style of architecture for little buildings, and
^uch a purpose is clearly avowed in the intro-
duction. There are sixteen exterior views of
January, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
53
library buildings, all built within the past ten
years and all but one in Wisconsin. It is a
creditable showing. There are several speci-
mens of old English styles, one of a Swiss
chalet, one of a Spanish house and others of a
bungalow type. All of them are striking, but
not one of them is classic. They are generally
pleasing as "good, useful looking buildings,"
and no doubt they are "in harmony with their
surroundings." The collection demonstrates
that a change from the classic type is not only
possible, but much to be desired.
A note prefixed gives the name and address
of the architect of each set of plans, the source
of funds, the cost of building and, in several
instances, the detailed expenses of equipment,
an account of construction, material, etc., di-
mensions, capacity and procedure. There are
no notes of criticism. The buildings are gen-
erally of brick or concrete, with foundations
of concrete or stone.
The largest, the library at Madison, cost
$75,000. The smallest, a plain wooden bungalow
in a summer camp, cost $700. The cost of
others ranges from $6000 to $17,500. Eight out
of sixteen cost $10,000 or less. Interior views
are given of eight libraries. The floor plans of
thirteen are shown, every one with a basement
plan added including a lecture or class room.
A peculiarly valuable feature of the book is
found in the seven introductory pages, which
deal in a clear and informing way with prac-
tical matters. These are : "Reasons for having
a library building," "How to get a library
building," "The library building and plan,"
"The selection of an architect," "Essential
principles of library architecture," "Book ca-
pacity," "Cost," "Heating and ventilating,"
"Natural light," "Artificial light," "Furniture,"
"Important books and articles on library build-
ings," and "A suggestion for the future." Un-
der the last head attention is called to the need
of making the building convenient and attrac-
tive in order to call in a somewhat indifferent
public, and the suggestion is made that the ideas
of a shrewd business man setting up a book-
store should apply to the location, surroundings
and plan of a public library so as to put it
right among the busy people, with low broad
windows and not more than a step from the
sidewalk. There is no question that very many
locations and plans of libraries might be vastly
improved in these respects. The multiplied
steps, in particular, which must so often be
climbed to reach delivery desks, are a crying
evil. The partition walls which inclose these
interior stairways are an obstacle and a blem-
ish in the small library building.
In the thirteen plans in the book, not one
shows less than eight steps up from the side-
walk. Two plans have eight, two have ten,
three have eleven, two have twelve, two have
thirteen, one has fifteen and one has nineteen.
The editor could hardly fail to utter a protest.
The reason for so many stairs is in the assem-
bly room beneath. The high ceiling in the
basement makes a high floor above. The trus-
tees think that they get more for their money,
the architect gets more height for his fa$ade,
and the people pay the price by climbing the
stairs. These things are worth thinking of.
And yet a library is not a bookstore. The
commercial spirit is not there. Its working
material cannot be hustled about in the crowd.
It must have some retirement, some atmos-
phere of quietness, and such surroundings as
will permit the individual building to make its
true appeal to the town.
At the end of the book are many useful addi-
tions. There are working drawings for mak-
ing a book bin, a loan desk, a bulletin board,
a bookcase, a magazine case and rack, a slop-
ing case, double faced shelving, a newspaper
rack and a dictionary stand.
The pages that follow give the text of
Wisconsin laws affecting gifts, buildings and
sites ; forms of ordinances for accepting a
conditional gift and some up-to-date state-
ments on indirect lighting.
On the last pages is a list of all the public
library buildings in the state, with the donor
of each, the amount of each gift and date of
occupancy. Some facts here shown are of in-
terest. For 158 public libraries in the state
there are 75 buildings. The earliest was built
at La Crosse in 1888. Only seven were built
prior to 1900. Every one of the 75, except that at
Milwaukee, has the name of a donor attached
to it. In one instance, "the village and citi-
zens" are named. In another, "Andrew Car-
negie and citizens." The name of Andrew
Carnegie is appended in this column to ."?
buildings. Of libraries costing $10,000 or less
there are 29.
This is eminently a practical book. It is
perhaps unfortunate that, out of sixteen ex-
teriors, no less than ten should come from one
architect, and that, out of thirteen sets of
plans, nine should come from one office. But
the information and good advice given in plain
terms and the visible illustrations of building
theories for this class of libraries cannot fail
to be of great service to library boards wrest-
ling with a strange problem both within and
beyond the limits of Wisconsin.
W. R. E.
54
THE LIBRARY JOUR:
[January, 1914
I
Martha Thome. Indexing: pnn-
cxaroples. ad ed., revised.
r**T' Library School 33-)
AteaV. University of the State, 1913. 7*9>
M oi the making of books it ou .be said
tb<rc is ao end. we may go a step further and
• IBM of the making of indexes, good, use-
rectical indexes, we have advanced but a
fStWiTffw. *« beginning. Many old
of the loth and 17th centuries have
indexes of such fullness and value
w .name the farcical substitutes issued
by many modem publishers when they give
MR* at ti Books with good indexes bear
the ff*»» proportion, as to number, to
hooks, as the latter do to the
of rarof and authority over whose un-
ttadents and scholars have lost
of lime in fruitless search for much
_J hits of information.
What the seeker demands is a complete in-
dex, and it is essential that this should not
o«|y refer to the letter, but should also em-
body the spirit of the work indexed. To this
end the mdexer must possess intelligence,
ajridmrai of perception, the power of analysis
and condensation, and the ability to put him-
self f* ro^orl with the author and his work,
and with the reader and his needs as well, and
he most also have a very considerable knowl-
edge or onderstanding of the subject matter
of the book indexed.
To this end it will be seen that the good
index r- like the librarian and the poet, nas-
fjfor mom AY Every librarian should know
indexing, and though he be
born" even experience may
and find the future
more smooth. Such counsel
may be foond in the manual for indexing be-
fore os The compiler has made herself fa-
miliar with what had been previously written
•poo the sobject, has well digested it, and
hat produced an admirable manual on the
sobject. laying down the principles of in-
dexing and denning the terms used, she pro-
• take op the method the indexer
allow to acquaint himself with the
the book, and formulate his plan
for bis index; how to mark the keywords and
phrases, to that a copyist may do the actual
work of writing oat the entries. The rules
•hrooghoot are practical and sensible.
Details of alohabeting and arranging are fully
given. Sample* of various forms of indexes
are presented, tome showing how not to do
I a neat appearance and good form are
A pretty complete bibliography of indexing
is 'given, showing where further discussion
of the matter may be found.
This little manual does for the indexer what
Cutter's Rules for cataloging has long done
for the cataloger. By precept and example
author has made a vade mecutn which every
one attempting to make an index will do well
to first study and then follow.
C. ALEX. NELSON.
UNION CLASS-LIST of the libraries of the Li-
brary and Library Assistants' Associations,
Caxton Hall, Westminster, S. W. : The Li-
brary Association, 1913. 3& P- Q-
"This catalog is a class-list of the period-
icals, books and pamphlets in the libraries of
the Library and Library Assistants' Associa-
tions."
The collection, while by no means com-
plete, includes familiar American names, as
well as foreign titles, and is sufficiently full
along the lines of library science to be of
interest to all library workers. Only a few
publications of libraries are entered, however,
since the extensive collection of library re-
ports, bulletins, catalogs, etc., belonging to
the London School of Economics, was not
included in this catalog. In the classes de-
voted to the history of printing the collection
is much less full than in library matters.
The classification used is a special one
adapted from Class Z of the Library of Con-
gress scheme, with use of local numbers from
the Dewey Decimal classification. It seems to
fit the needs of such a collection admirably,
as it brings into close connection everything
pertaining to books: printing, publishing,
bookbinding, bibliography and library science.
In each class the books are arranged chro-
nologically, the dates being printed in black-
faced type before the authors' names. One
defect is the lack of an author index. Ac-
cording to the preface, "this class-list should
be regarded as a companion handbook to Mr.
H. G. T. Cannon's 'Bibliography of library
economy.' " C. S. T.
AN INDEX to the scientific contents of the
Journal and Proceedings of the Academy
of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1812-
1912; published in commemoration of the
centenary of the Academy, March 21, 1912.
Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences,
1913- 1419 P-
The casual reader would view with wonder
not unmixed with alarm the volume of 1419
pa^es which is here presented as the index to
the list of contributors to the Journal and
Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sci-
Jaiwary, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
55
ences and an index to the genera, species, etc.,
described and referred to therein. It cer-
tainly could not be forced into a list of best
sellers, even by political influence, and the
modest introduction of Dr. Nolan, the editor,
is devoted to a few main facts.
The first series of the Journal, in octavo,
was begun in 1817, five years after the found-
ation of the Academy. The series was con-
tinued at irregular intervals for a period of
twenty-five years, the eighth and concluding
volume having been published in 1842. To se-
cure prompter issue of communications at the
weekly meetings the publication of the Pro-
ceedings was begun in March, 1841. The
sixty-second volume, with which this series
terminates, was completed in 1911.
The second series of the Journal, in quarto,
is designed for the publication of papers re-
quiring more elaborate illustration than can
be supplied in the octavo form. The first vol-
ume was issued in December, 1847, and the
thirteenth, included in the index, was dis-
tributed in December, 1908, as one of the in-
cidents commemorative of the centenary of
the Academy. It was thought appropriate to
facilitate access to the scientific contents of
these eighty-three volumes by the preparation
of an index to the entire series. The index
does not include the serials published under
the auspices of sections of the Institute, such
as is The American Journal of Conchology,
The Manual of Conchology, The Transac-
tions of the American Entomological Society,
and the Entomological News and Proceedings
of the Entomological Section of the Academy,
The index is a well printed octavo volume
and opens with an adaptation from Oliver
Wendell Holmes, "Who wants a lock without
a key, a ship without a rudder, a binnacle
without a compass, a check without a signa-
ture, a book without an index?"
Dr. Nolan explains in the introduction that
because of frequent changes in generic names
it has been considered as essential to the use-
fulness of the index to provide alphabetical
references to the specific designations. In this
compilation questions of synonymy have not
been considered. There is a short article upon
the dates of publication by William J. Fox,
assistant librarian, and then without further
ado we are brought to a list of contributors
with the titles of their contributions.
Having noted the foregoing and the list of
five "errata" on page 1419, the average libra-
rian will have the book accessioned, cataloged
and possibly bound. There will be others,
however, to whom the list of contributors will
awaken the pleasantest of memories, and, in
some cases, the sense of a personal loss sus-
tained.
Under the name of Joseph Leidy there is a
list of contributions extending over nearly
seventeen pages, enumerating five hundred and
fifty-three titles. This display becomes all
the more marvelous when Leidy's contribu-
tions to medical journals, to the Proceedings
of the American Philosophical Society, and to
the publications of the United States Govern-
ment are considered. An illustration of the
alertness of his observation in different fields
is found on page 102, where his contributions
in their order of presentation are:
On oolitic phosphate of lime and alumina.
On Indian relics from Tennessee.
On cancer of the liver in a turkey.
On the phalanx of an extinct reptile.
On human relics from Petite Anse.
On fossil remains from Bangor.
On a specimen of Coccus.
There is little need of dilating upon Leidy's
versatility, for it is illustrated in every page
of this work.
There are two hundred and fifty-six botan-
ical contributions from Thomas Meehan, who
deserves a kindly thought from all librarians
on account of his petitions to the Philadel-
phia Councils for the first appropriation for
the Free Library System. During the rest of
his life he was a warm friend of the library
and an earnest worker for its appropriations.
Timothy Abbott Conrad and his contribu-
tions to conchology take up four pages.
Eight pages are devoted to the titles of the
contributions of Edward Drinker Cope, and
this, too, must be considered as a marvelous
presentation when his contributions to the
publications of the American Philosophical
Society and those of the United States Gov-
ernment are taken into consideration.
Some of the best zoological work of John
A. Rider is here noted, and over five pages
are needed for the enumeration of Henry A.
Pilsbry's conchological contributions.
There are two pages of titles concerning
the ant and the spider by Henry C. McCook
and a similar number of Henry Carvel
Lewis', who died young in the midst of his
useful labors.
John LeConte has over a hundred contribu-
tions, mostly entomological, and Isaac Lee
about two hundred papers on conchological
themes.
Theodore Gill has cared for the fishes by
over one hundred papers, and John Cassin
more than one hundred upon birds.
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[January, 1914
The writer has been unable to think of one
important man in the field of natural history
who is not included in this extraordinary list
The index to genera, species, etc., takes up
tome twelve hundred pages. It is not worth
while to go into a detailed description of this
marvelous work, which is an analysis of gen-
aod species that will be found invaluable
he investigator. Under the heading "sim-
plex" there are about ninety entries. The ar-
rangement is dear; a small "j" and small
numerals indicate the references to the first
series of the Journal; a large "J" and large
numerals to the second series of the Journal;
ft capital **P* with abbreviated date the refer-
ences to the Proceedings; and all new species
or genera are referred to in heavy faced type.
The Academy and the editor are to be con-
gratulated upon the accomplishment of this
great undertaking and its excellent result.
librarian*
BIAL, Marjorie, a graduate of the Pitts-
burgh Training School, has been appointed li-
brarian in the children's room in the public
library at Madison, Wis.
BELDING, Mrs. Arthur, has been appointed
librarian of the Saunders Public Library at
Gdoborg, III
Coiirms. Miss Lois, who was responsible
•he Carnegie Library at Newcastle, Ind.,
to ft Urge extent, has been appointed librarian.
<«ir«. T. Franklin, has been appointed
ftMistant librarian of the Harvard College Li-
brary at Cambridge.
G«o, Agnes F. P., Pratt 1908, has been ap-
-d librarian of the Ballard branch of the
!ir Library to succeed Stella R.
•foyt. who resigned Sept. i to be married.
comes to Seattle from Pittsburgh,
has been on the staff of the Carnegie
*ry for about six year
• Tt« B.. founder and for a num-
ar» superintendent of the Engle-
woorf ' "' Reading Room and Li-
h.vl been ill for a
nth*. Since 1900 Mr. Hicks
•mire time to the Englewood
ther philanthropic work
'"" Mr. Hicks was born in
,'larnl. in 1842.
r of the Brooklyn
L.brary. was made a fellow
:yn Institute at its November
HOLMES, Frances Louise, is to be the libra-
rian of the Queen Anne branch of the Seattle
Public Library, which opened early in Decem-
ber. Miss Holmes is a graduate of Knox Col-
lege, and received her training in library work
from the Wisconsin Library Commission. She
had two and a half years of experience in
Oregon libraries before coming to Seattle.
HOWARD, Mrs. Frank, a former assistant li-
brarian at the Boston Public Library, is seri-
ously ill at the Homoeopathic Hospital in
Boston.
HUNTER, Mary B., succeeds Annie E. Hall
as children's librarian of the University branch
of the Seattle Public Library, Miss Hall hav-
ing been transferred to the Columbia branch
as librarian. Miss Hunter is a graduate of
the Pittsburgh Training School for Children's
Librarians and of Mt. Holyoke College.
IDESON, Miss Julia, who has been chief libra-
rian in the public library at Houston, Tex.,
for ten years, resigned her position Dec. i to
take a position as secretary of the American
Art Students' Club in Paris. Miss Ideson took
charge of the Houston Library in October,
1903, when the library contained about 18,000
volumes. At present it contains about 40,000
volumes. Circulation during the first year of
her administration was 49,000, while for the
past year it^was 115,000. While the books and
the circulation almost tripled, the appropria-
tion for maintaining the library has been cut
from $13,500 to $7800. The reduction has
meant a similar reduction in the assistants,
and four women are now doing what seven
\yomen did a year ago. Despite this reduc-
tion in appropriation Miss Ideson was devis-
ing means to enlarge the usefulness of the
library by the establishment of branches in
schools. Miss Ideson's position will not be
filled for six months, as the trustees are
anxious to have her return if the new work
proves uncongenial. In the meantime Miss
Martha Schnitzer, first assistant, will be in
charge of the library.
JONES, Mrs. Alice, is the new librarian in
charge of the Sellwood Branch Library of
Portland, Ore. Mrs. Jones formerly was con-
nected with the Central Library, but more re-
cently was with the library at'Cottage Grove.
Miss Ruth Crocker, who had been librarian,
has taken charge of the new South Portland
Branch Library.
KAISER, John B., at present librarian of
' department of economics and sociology in
the University of Illinois Library, has been ap-
pointed librarian of the Tacoma Public Library
January, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
57
to succeed Franklin F. Hopper, who resigned
to take a position in the New York Public
Library.
KLUMB, Anna K., head of the children's de-
partment of the Racine (Wis.) public library,
has resigned to take the special children's
course of the Cleveland Public Library. She
will be succeeded by Miss Ruth Knowlton of
Waterloo.
LAVELL, Richard A., assistant city librarian
at Minneapolis, died Nov. 28 at St. Barnabas
Hospital, in that city. For three years he
had been assistant librarian, and previous to
that time he had been in charge of the Pills-
bury Library. All the branch libraries in the
city were under his direction. Mr. Lavell
was born in Kingston, Ontario, thirty-three
years ago. His parents removed to Fargo,
N. D., when he was five years of age. His
early education and high school training was
in the Fargo schools. Later he attended the
University of Minnesota and graduated from
the College of Science, Literature and the
Arts in 1904. The next year he took grad-
uate work in the Library School of Western
Reserve University at Cleveland, and then en-
tered the Public Library of Minneapolis. A
wife and two small daughters survive him.
The body was cremated and the ashes strewn
on the cemetery grounds.
MABIE, Henry L., of Paterson, Putnam
county, for many years librarian of the Assem-
bly, was found dead at his residence in Al-
bany Dec. ii. Death was caused by heart
disease. Mr. Mabie had been connected with
the Assembly Library for about twenty years.
He was 60 years of age.
MITCHELL, Miss Gertrude, assistant librarian
in the public library at Bayonne, N. J., has re-
signed, the resignation to take effect Jan. I.
Miss Mitchell joins her sister in New York in
the conduct of an educational institution.
PERKINS, Miss Anna, librarian of the Ilion
(N.Y.) Public Library, has resigned on account
of ill health. Miss Perkins, following a splen-
did record as teacher in the Ilion schools, was
appointed librarian in 1893, and has been in
that position since the opening of the Ilion
Public Library. No appointment has been
made by the library board, and the work will
be in charge of Miss Nellie Cheney, who has
been associated with Miss Perkins for sev-
eral years.
RICHARDSON, Mary A., for the past seven
years on the staff of Wesleyan University Li-
brary, Middletown, Conn., died on Dec. 8. Miss
Richardson was a member of the second class
of the New York State Library School, and
had been actively engaged in library work for
the greater part of the time since leaving the
school in 1889. She was librarian of Atlanta
University from 1889 to 1891, and librarian
of the New London (Conn.) Public Library
from 1891 to 1901. During the interval be-
tween 1902 and 1906, when she went to Wes-
leyan University, Miss Richardson served va-
rious libraries as cataloger, classifier and in-
dexer.
SACHS, Inez F., B.L.S. (Illinois), former
reference librarian at the University of In-
diana, has accepted a similar position at the
State College of Washington Library at Pull-
man.
SISOM, Miss Alice, assistant librarian at the
Burlington Free Library, Philadelphia, has
resigned to become a trained nurse, and Miss
Mary McFadgen has been appointed to the
vacancy.
STEARNS, Lutie E., chairman of the refer-
ence bureau of the Wisconsin Library Com-
mission, has announced in a circular letter sent
to the women's clubs of the state that hereafter
the reference work for club women will be
carried on by Miss Elva Bascom. Miss Stearns
will continue to address clubs on civic and
library topics, to aid in the establishment and
maintenance of public libraries, and to pro-
mote state and county systems of traveling
libraries.
UHLER, Philip R., who was connected with
the Peabody Institute of Baltimore for nearly
fifty years, died on Oct. 21. Born in Baltimore
in 1835, he early developed a fondness for the
study of insect life. In 1862 he entered the
service of the Peabody Institute, where he
attracted the attention of Louis Agassiz. He
spent the next few years as assistant librarian
in the great naturalist's museum of compara-
tive zoology in Cambridge, also making some
explorations in Hayti. In 1870 he was made
head librarian of the Peabody Institute, and
in 1890 was also made provost of the Institute.
He introduced into the library a modern sys-
tem of cataloging and classification, and spent
much time in the search for books to build up
the collections under his care. He retired
from active service two years before his death,
and was succeeded in the librarianship by Mr.
John Parker, for many years assistant libra-
rian.
WATSON, Helen S., has been chosen as chil-
dren's librarian of the new Queen Anne branch
of the Seattle Public Library. Miss Watson
had a year of training in the Pittsburgh Train-
ing School for Children's Librarians and is a
graduate of the College for Women, Cleveland.
THE LIBRARY WORLD
New England
MAINE
Bangor. The fine collection of scientific
books, pamphlets and papers of the late Ora
W. Knight, of Portland, who formerly lived
m this city, will go to the Bangor Public
Library.
Casting. By the will of the late Eben Blake
Page, of Winchester, Mass., the public library
receives $500.
Waterville. The new Booth and Dimock
Memorial Library building was dedicated at
South Coventry Friday evening, Oct. 24.
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Exeter. By the will of the late Dr. Harlan
P. Amen, principal of Phillips Exeter Acad-
emy, the sum of $3000 is given to the trus-
tees of the academy, to be known as the Mary
Rawson Amen fund, in memory of Mrs.
Amen. One-half of the income is to be added
to the principal until it accumulates to $25,-
ooo. The other half of the income is to be
expended for books of permanent value, to
be kept in the Davis Library in a room or
alcove, to be known as the Mary Rawson
Amen room or alcove. When the principal
accumulates to $10,000 the trustees may at
their discretion expend a portion of the in-
come upon pictures, furniture or works of art
for the adornment of the room or alcove.
When the principal accumulates to $25,000, a
codicil directs one-half the income shall be
expended for books. Another codicil gives to
the trustees of the academy, with one reserva-
the testator's library of 10,000 volumes
as a basis for the Mary Rawson Amen col-
lection. Dr. Amen recently announced his in-
tention to give to the academy 5000 volumes
and about half that number are already placed
in special cases in the Davis Library. The
reservation is that each of the four children
in the order of age may select a book and
repeat the process until each one has chosen
100 books.
VERMONT
Fair Haven F. L. Ellen F. Dewey, Ibn.
^Rpt. — yr. 1912-13.) Total volumes in li-
brary 7828. Income $800. Expended for
books $200.
Lyndonville. By the will of Luther B. Har-
ris, former cashier of the Lyndonville Na-
tional Bank, his library, Indian ctinos and
collection of old china are left to the Cob-
leigh Public Library here, provided a suitable
addition is built to store them properly If
the town fails to do this and if none of his
descendants care for this library and the other
collections, the whole can be offered intact
any institution that wishes to purchase them
and will agree to house them properly.
Plainfield. The Plainfield Library was
opened Nov. n. Miss Rebecca Wright, of
the Library Commission, was present and
helped arrange and catalog the books. One
hundred and nineteen books were sent from
the state through the Library Commission.
The library had at the time of the opening
five hundred books which were in the Ladies
Circulating Library. This library united with
the public one just formed. Miss Ethel Bemis
is librarian.
MASSACHUSETTS
"Free public library buildings of Massachu-
setts— a roll of honor" is the title of a pam-
phlet which the Free Public Library Com-
mission of the state has reprinted, with addi-
tions, from its twenty-third report. It con-
tains the list of givers of free public library
buildings, followed by the names of free li-
braries in separate buildings owned by the
towns, and the names of those towns whose
funds are now accumulating for library build-
ings. Another pamphlet issued by the com-
mission is entitled "General library legislation
of Massachusetts— 1798-1913." It is a collec-
tion of such general legislation as relates to
the formation and management of social, law,
school district and free public libraries, ar-
ranged in chronological order, and intended
to show the evolution of libraries in Massa-
chusetts.
Boston. The handsome new branch public
library at the corner of Monument square
and Monument avenue, Charlestown, was
opened to the public Nov. 14. The total cost
of the new branch is about $85,000. The old
library was located in city hall building, which
is soon to be demolished. Among the feat-
ures of the new branch are open alcoves and
shelves on each floor, permitting the reader
easy access to the books and enabling him to
make selections at will. A lecture room with
a seating capacity of 240 will be used for the
"story hour" for children, class work and oc-
January, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
59
casional lectures. It will be equipped with a
stereopticon.
Cambridge. Work on the new Widener
Memorial Library is making good progress,
and it is hoped to have the building completed
by commencement. The exterior work is near-
ly done, and interior work has been begun.
Sir Charles Allom, who will direct the deco-
rations for the library, has arrived in this
country from England.
Cambridge P. L. Clarence W. Ayer, Ibn.
[died April n, 1913]- (55th annual rpt.— yr.
ending Mar. 31, 1913.) Accessions 6579; to-
tal number volumes in library 99,676. Circu-
lation 298,049. City appropriations $31,297.58.
Expended $31,296.21.
Figures for circulation show a loss of 5364,
which is ascribed to an insufficient appropria-
tion for the purchase of new and popular
books. A trial was begun, June 15, 1912, of
granting a larger privilege to all adult bor-
rowers in the use of their non-fiction card.
By this privilege any number of books of
non-fiction desired may be taken out on the
non-fiction card, except those recently pub-
lished or otherwise restricted, as in the case
of reference books. The experience of the
year has abundantly justified this trial, and
readers of the more serious books are given
advantages which in a way offset the lack of
the newer books. Early in November was
started a new registration of card holders,
after a lapse of six years, and now designed
to continue in force for the regular college
period of four years. At the same time a
new and simpler form of card was introduced,
and the use of the two-card system was dis-
continued. The borrower's privilege was fur-
ther extended to two books of fiction on this
card, instead of one book, as heretofore, of
which only one could be new. A special
"Selected list of Catholic books" was pub-
lished in September. This was also issued
in a separate edition of 2000 copies, which
were distributed to each of the parochial
schools, the Catholic Union, and the St.
Mary's Catholic Association. It is expected
that this list will be a forerunner of a larger
and more comprehensive list of books by
Catholic authors, the expense of publication
to be borne proportionately by the institu-
tions and organizations especially interested.
From Oct. 15 to Nov. 15 the pupils of the
upper grades of the grammar schools made
visits to the library. They were shown all
parts of the library building and were in-
structed in the use of cards, the card catalog,
and the reference books.
Everett. Parlin Memorial L. Ellen L. John-
son, Ibn. (33d annual rpt. — yr. ending Dec.
31, 1912.) Accessions 640; total volumes in
library 25,280. Circulation 83,008. Books re-
paired in adult department 8834. Circulation
in children's room 27,563. Books repaired in
children's room 9146. Receipts $5914.13; ex-
penditures $5914.13.
Haverhill P. L. John G. Moulton, Ibn.
(Rpt. — 1912.) Net accessions of books 2391,
total in library 99,ooo; of pictures 1000, total
20,000. Circulation 38,085 pictures, 184,652
books; per capita 4.1, fiction 72%. Popula-
tion 45,000; new registration 1780; total since
i9<>7 19,324- Receipts $21,633.24. Expenditures
$21,161.80. Books and periodicals $3718.23;
pictures $46749; salaries $9809.56; rent
$1026; binding $813.45; insurance $509.96;
printing $417.64; fuel $836.52; light, $560.22;
building and grounds $1404.45 ; furniture
$35972.
The working schedule has been changed
from 43 hours in summer and 43*4 in winter
to 41 hours all the year round. Each assist-
ant now works one evening a week, has a free
morning on the day when there is evening
work, and a free afternoon each week. Sun-
day work, with extra pay, is voluntary and in
addition to the regular weekly schedule. The
dinner period of 1^2 hours, vacation of four
weeks, and sick leave of two weeks remain
as formerly. Some advances in salary were
made. It is recommended that the general
standard of salaries be raised to correspond
with that of the schools. Books especially
used by business men, such as general law and
technical books, directories and foreign dic-
tionaries, Spanish in particular, were added to
the Washington Square branch, and it is
planned to make this especially the business
man's branch. Window advertising has been
tried at the Washington Square branch, pic-
tures and books being displayed. Many of
the books were taken out by people who no-
ticed them in passing, and they often ex-
pressed surprise to find books on such prac-
tical subjects in the library. Books on the
useful arts were the most used. The windows
were brilliantly lighted by concealed lamps.
Colored lithographs on historical subjects at-
tracted the most attention. This window ad-
vertising lured some into the library, and
called the attention of many who did not come
in to the fact that there was a library ready
to serve the people in many ways. It was
considered a success, and will be continued.
The Massachusetts Library Gub and Free
Public Library Commission held a two days'
6o
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[January, 1914
meeting in Haverhill in October. In Novem-
ber the Free Public Library Commission held
at the library a two days' demonstration of
book ' -r >mall libraries. With Miss
Marguerite Kcid, of Providence, the librarian
ids to library work
with ^rch number of
the- Massachusetts Library Club Bulletin. This
was reprinted later by the American Library
n. In addition to several talks
about the library before clubs in Haverhill,
the librarian gave talks at the Massachusetts
ry t/lub meeting tn Haverhill and the
Old Colony Library Club meeting in Novem-
ber. The librarian, Miss Florence
iunt, conducted courses in reference work
at the >ummcr library school at Simmons
College.
JVi-:. » bronze tablets, six feet high,
presented by Sarah Hull Chapter, Daughters
. ere dedicated in the New-
ton Public Library with fitting ceremonies on
Dec. 4. The tablets were erected in honor of
the N'cwtun soldiers of the Revolution, and
bear the names of the 432 men.
Southbridge. Work has been started on
the $50,000 Edwards Memorial Library in the
center of Southbridge. The library is a gift
•lie town of Southbridge from Misses
ah and Grace Edwards and Robert J.
Edwards, all of Boston, in memory of their
father. Jacob Edwards. Specifications have
been made by Little & Brown, Boston, archi-
tects, and the work will be done by Norcross
Bros. Co., of Worcester. The foundation of
the library, which is to be 50 by 80 feet, will
be of Troy white granite up to the ground
floor. The walN will be built of Harvard
brick with limestone trimmings. All of the
finish work about the entrances and windows
will be of bronze. The newspaper room and
im will be on the basement floor, and
the library proper on the main floor. The
second floor will be used for storage purposes.
RHODE ISLAND
Central Falls. By the will of Mrs. Susan
S. Flagg, widow of Gen. Lysander Flagg, the
income of the bulk of her estate is to be
equally divided l>et ween her sister, Amy A.
Whipple. and Mrs. Winnie Lewis Monroe.
At tl the income is to be given to
the Central Falls Public Library.
East Greenwich is to have a new public
library, the gift of Mr. and Mrs. Daniel A.
Pierce.
Providence. Athenaum. Grace F. Leonard,
Ibn. (78th annual rpt— yr. ending Sept. i,
1913.) Accessions 2474; total number vol-
umes 79,257. Circulation 62,250. Receipts
J4.44. Disbursements $10,504.71- Balance
on hand $2019.73.
An addition costing about $12,000 is being
made at the rear of the present building,
which will permit the restoring of the present
alcoves to their original size by removing par-
titions, and will allow room on the shelves
for many valuable books now stored in boxes
or in rooms inaccessible to the public.
Westerly. A special children's room was
opened in the public library Dec. 6.
CONNECTICUT
Ansonia P. L. Ruby E. Steele, Ibn. (Rpt.
— yr. 1912-13.) Accessions 1280; total vol-
t-mes in library 19,25?- Circulation 57,360.
Columbia. The public library has received
a bequest of $500 from the late Eben Blake
Page, of Winchester, Mass.
New Haven. The demand for a new build-
ing for the Yale University Library, to house
the books which are already seriously crowd-
ing Linsley Hall and the old library build-
ings, is now heard. One of the sites men-
tioned is in the new Pierson-Sage square.
The last report of Librarian Schwab shows
that unless extra space is provided shortly it
will be necessary to utilize attics and cellars
and other convenient places in nearby build-
ings for the storage of the ever-increasing
number of books. If this plan has to be car-
ried out, danger from fire and other causes
will be great. Proper classification and care
will be difficult, and their inaccessibility will
render many books of little use.
South Windsor. After being closed for
three months the South Windsor Public Li-
brary opened Dec. 8 in the new town hall.
The library began its career in the church
parlors of the Baptist Church, and stayed
there a few years until the Union District
School was completed, when it was moved to
the school house. There it was shifted from
room to room, until finally transferred to its
present quarters.
Middle Atlantic
NEW YORK
Brooklyn. Work has been begun on the
enlargement of the library of the Children's
Museum of the Brooklyn Institute in Bedford
Park. It is to be confined to the reference
January, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
61
room, which will be increased approximately
500 square feet by taking in the roof space
over the conservatory. The enlargement will
house the most used of the reference books
for the present, or until the new Children's
Museum is built. Now many of the books
have to be kept in the basement and in what-
ever closet space is available elsewhere in the
•old building, causing great inconvenience to
the librarians and to those wishing to consult
the books. The work is to be finished early
in January.
Brooklyn. Pratt Institute F. L. Edward
F. Stevens, Ibn. (Rpt. — yr. ending June 30,
1913.) Accessions by purchase, gift and bind-
ing periodicals 5875. Circulation for home
use : adult 202,598 ; children 46,239. New reg-
istration: adult 3255; children 1161; total reg-
istration 9894. Since the autumn of 1912 a
systematic effort has been made to instruct
institute students in library use, beginning in
the Applied Science Department. Each man
in the entering classes was assigned to five
hours in the Applied Science room in the
library, for instruction in the classification
system, the card catalog, the important in-
dexes, etc., and then prepared a bibliography
on a designated subject. The bibliographies
become library property. Every afternoon
from October to June, from 3.45 to 5, tea with
biscuits is served in the staff room by a com-
petent person who comes in for the purpose,
and the experiment has proved of distinct
value. Beginning with January, 1913, the li-
brary has purchased in monthly consignments
the special edition of the Brooklyn Daily
Eagle, which is printed on rag paper for
purposes of preservation in libraries. Exten-
sive changes have been made in the children's
department, and the open area south of the
library and adjoining the children's entrance
has been equipped with swings and see-saws
and other playground apparatus.
Goshen. The library has received $12,000
by the will of Charles J. Everett, of Goshen,
N. Y.
Groton. A library, to be known as the
Goodyear Memorial Library, and sufficient
funds to maintain it, have been left to the
town by the will of the late Dr. Miles D.
Goodyear, a member of the noted rubber and
forest owning family of that name. The will
leaves a three-story brick building in the vil-
lage of Groton valued at about $45,000 and at
present occupied by the post-office, and liv-
ing apartments and other property valued at
about $55,000, for this purpose.
Hudson Falls F. L. (Rpt. — yr. ending June
30, 1913.) Accessions 546; total number vol-
umes 2416. Circulation, adult 16,625; juve-
nile 7633. New registrations 358; total num-
ber of borrowers registered since October,
1910, 2201. Receipts $1499.56. Expenditures
$1321.35. Balance on hand $178.21.
Kingston P. L. (Rpt. — yr. ending June,
1913-) Circulation 44,467, including 10,798 to
children. Reading room used by 26,700 read-
ers. Branch in Kingston Academy, open one
hour twice a week, circulated 3032 books. A
similar branch is much needed in the lower
part of the city.
New York City. The New York Public
Library trustees have selected Carrere &
Hastings, who designed the big central build-
ing, to prepare plans for a branch which is
to be built on the south side of Manhattan
street, running through to I26th street, ad-
joining the Eleventh Municipal Court build-
ing. This branch when completed will be
the new quarters of the George Bruce
Memorial branch, which has been located in
rented quarters on West 42d street. With the
opening of the new main building of the
Public Library at Fifth avenue and 42d street
and a circulation branch therein, it was felt
to be advisable to transfer the George Bruce
branch to a section of the city where library
facilities are few.
New York City. Dr. George F. Kunz,
chairman of the special committee on local
celebration in the city of New York, an-
nounced at a recent meeting of the sub-exec-
tive committee for the celebration of the
centenary of peace among English speak-
ing peoples in 1915, the incorporation of an
association for the establishment and mainte-
nance for the people in the city of New York
of museums of the peaceful arts as a memorial
of the peace centenary. The object is to es-
tablish about twenty buildings on a site not
yet chosen, for permanent exhibits, a library
and a large popular auditorium. It is esti-
mated by Dr. Kunz that the whole institution,
which would be one of the finest in the world,
would cost about twenty or thirty million dol-
lars and several millions a year to run. It is
aimed in particular to facilitate industrial ed-
ucation.
New York City — Queens Borough. The
board of trustees of the Queens Borough
Public Library has voted to send a request to
the Board of Estimate for sufficient means to
open three branch libraries in place of three
large stations, each action being estimated to
cost $4500 for each branch, or a total of $13,-
62
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[January, 1914
500, and that prompt and favorable attention
by the Board of Estimate be urged. The
three places in need of the branches, it was
said, are Evergreen, Glendale and Luona Park.
Appropriations amounting to $88,381 were
;i mended. The discussion about the loca-
tion of the library branch at Queens was re-
opened, but the board finally decided to hold
the matter till the next meeting, when it
is expected that plans will be submitted for
a building that certain residents of Queens
hope to erect by popular subscription.
Ntw York City. Dr. John A. Mandel, of
Bellevue Hospital Medical College, of the New
York University, has presented to the New
York Public Library more than two hundred
books relating to the history of Emperor Wil-
liam II. of Germany, whose twenty-fifth an-
niversary was recently celebrated. The col-
lection is believed to be the largest in exist-
ence on the subject, and Dr. Mandel expects
to make further additions to it from time to
time.
New York City. The Edwin Hadley Smith
collection of amateur journalism, consisting
of 30,000 pieces, comprising extensive bound
files of American and foreign amateur jour-
nalistic literature, mounted clippings, portraits
and so on, has been cared for by the library
of Pratt Institute since 1908. In justice to
Mr. Smith, and to serious journalism, these
papers, regarded as rudimentary forms, are
about to be transferred to Columbia Univer-
sity, where they will be used in connection
with the University School of Journalism.
New York City. Russell Sage Foundation L.
Frederick W. Jenkins, Ibn. (Rpt. — yr. ending
Sept. jo, 1913.) Accessions 2037; total vol-
umes in library 10.000. Circulation 29,034;
a gain of 6264 over last year. Total registra-
tion Jfcfc The Russell Sage Foundation Lib-
rary is the result of the union during the past
year of the valuable collections on charity and
allied subjects formerly belonging to the New
York Charity Organization Society, the Asso-
ciation for Improving the Condition of the
Poor, the New York School of Philanthropy,
the Russell Satfc Foundation and the New
York State Charities Aid Association. The
new building of the Sage Foundation just com-
pleted at Lexington avenue and 22d street,
New York City, has provided delightful quar-
ters for this now library on the two upper
floors of the building, which will give excel-
lent light and air and quiet. The library has
been entirely rrclassificd and recatalogued dur-
ing the past year and will be open to the pub-
lic after Jan. I, 1914. A decided increase in
the use of the library has made the circula-
tion for the past year the largest in the his-
tory of the library. "The collection is the
largest in America devoted exclusively to so-
cial problems. With ample room for readers,
and the books required for their informa-
tion, the much discussed problem of bringing
the book and the reader together, ought to be
comparatively easy. If progress is measured
in terms of opportunity, an extension of future
usefulness for the Russell Sage Foundation
Library is assured."
New York City. Columbia Univ. L. W. Daw-
son Johnston, libn. (Rpt. — yr. ending June 30,
1913.) Accessions (exclusive of serials)
56,416. Registered borrowers at central loan
desk 4676. Circulation for home use 196,922.
Readers in reading rooms 502,016. Volumes
used in reading rooms 792,592. 848 volumes
were borrowed from 17 other institutions and
500 volumes were lent to 63 other institu-
tions. The year has been marked by large
additions to the library room and equipment,
by important additions to book collections, by
reorganization consequent upon the establish-
ment of several new department librarianships,
and by continued investigation of the cata-
logs and cataloging of the several libraries.
The cataloging department will supervise the
cataloging of all books for department libra-
ries as well as for the main library, but the
department librarians will prepare all volumes
for binding. The binding department of the
university handles about 45 per cent, of all
the binding done. The union catalog and
official catalog have been combined. This rec-
ord now consists of all printed cards pub-
lished by the Library of Congress, the John
Crerar Library, Harvard University and the
University of Chicago, together with disser-
tation cards published by the Konigliche Bi-
bliothek, Berlin, and miscellaneous entries, ex-
clusive of serials. It is supplemented by the
serial catalog and, for official use, a list of
subject headings. Three types of bibliograph-
ical instruction are carried on under library
auspices. (i) Introductory lectures of a
general character, intended especially for the
information of new members of the univer-
sity. (2) A series of lectures on legal bib-
liography and the use of law books. (3) A
course in pharmaceutical bibliography. It is
the belief of the librarian that an optional
course should be established, that it should
be required of all students taking certain ad-
vanced courses, and that distinctly biblio-
graphical work should be a condition of the
, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
granting of any degree. The faculties of
Columbia College, of Barnard College, and
of the School of Philosophy have already al-
lowed credit for such work as is involved in
attending a course of bibliographical lectures
and also for such work as is involved in bib-
liographical research.
Newark P. L. Miss Saltsman, Ibn. (Rpt.
_yr. ending Oct. 31, 1913.) Accessions 353;
total number of volumes 10,938. Receipts
$3032.37; expenditures $2536.80; balance on
hand $1095-57-
Oaks Corners. A suitable and attractive
building has been provided for the free li-
brary in a most inexpensive way, through the
thoughtfulness and generosity of Mr. A. B.
Burtis, a landowner in the village. When the
new railroad station was to displace the old
one, he secured the right to move the latter to a
vacant site on his own grounds, and then by
making some desirable changes and improve-
ments, transformed it into an inviting book
and reading room, and gave a lease for its
perpetual use to the free library association,
so long as it is used for library purposes.
Old Forge. A number of residents of Old
Forge met Nov. 29 and organized a Free
Public Library Association. The charter
members are Rev. Benjamin B. Knapp, Mau-
rice Callahan, Walter D. Marks, jr., Prof.
A. T. Cloffee, William J. Thistlethwaite, Gil-
bert Hoffman, Rev. J. Fitzgerald, Mrs. R. S.
Lindsay, and Mrs. Fred Woodruff. It is ex-
pected that a library and reading room will
be opened in the near future.
Ossining. The board of library trustees
has voted to allow the use of a portion of the
library property for playground and garden
purposes. By means of a close hedge or wall
the playground, a plot about eighty by one
hundred and forty feet, will be set off from
the library grounds, and it will be under proper
supervision.
Rochester. Mrs. M. G. Kellogg, of Chicago,
has given $25,000 as a memorial to her late
husband, to the endowment fund of the li-
brary of the University of Rochester. The
fund now amounts to $60,000.
Rochester. On Nov. 22 a large meeting
in the interest of the Rochester Public Li-
brary was held at the Seneca Hotel. Dr.
Arthur E. Bostwick, librarian of the St. Louis
Public Library, delivered a very forceful ad-
dress on the function of reading in the devel-
opment of boys and girls and the part per-
formed by the library in furnishing reading
matter. The meeting was the fourth in the
series of follow-up conferences arranged by the
Rochester Child welfare committee, confer-
ences at which special features of the Child
Welfare Exhibit are treated by experts and
afterward discussed freely by members of the
audience. The discussion at this fourth con-
ference focussed on the need of a central li-
brary for Rochester, and a resolution was
adopted urging the city to take steps to pro-
vide a central library. At present only a be-
ginning has been made on a branch library sys-
tem and numerous minor distributing centers
for books of a popular character.
Rochester. Four new deposit stations were
opened in November, making twenty-one sta-
tions established since the first of January.
City Librarian William F. Yust frankly said
at a recent meeting that until the city has a
central library plant costing at the lowest es-
timate half a million dollars, exclusive of its
site, and a stock of at least a million books,
besides ten branches costing $40,000 each and
from one to two hundred deposit stations, it
cannot hope adequately to supply the demand
for library facilities that is rapidly becoming
more insistent. So far as he knew, he said,
no movement was on foot, either among the
city authorities or among the people, to se-
cure such an equipment.
Sag Harbor. A deed of trust has been ex-
ecuted by Mrs. Russell Sage, in which the
John Jermain Memorial Library building, cost-
ing about $100,000, its entire equipment and an
endowment providing sufficient income per-
petually to maintain it on a liberal scale, are
given to a board of trustees, to administer
the library in perpetuo for the free use of the
village. No figures are given to the public
as to the exact amount of the endowment,
but from the amount needed for annual ex-
penses as now operated, it is estimated that
this must be equal to if not greater than the
original cost of the building.
Sea Cliff. Work on the library building to
be erected by Mrs. Samuel Stevenson as a
memorial to her husband will be started soon.
Sherman. Minerva F. L. Florence E. Haw-
ley, Ibn. (Rpt. — yr. ending Nov. I, 1913.)
Accessions 387; total number of volumes in
library 4486. Circulation 13,230. Receipts
$1309.06. Expenditures $864.19. Balance on
hand $444.87.
Troy. Miss Jessie Wheeler, of the Public
Library, has received a cash prize from a
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[January, 1914
western establishment for the best and most
original device for electrically wiring houses.
Miss Wheeler has long been a student of
electrical devices and is also a practical tele-
graph operator.
NEW JERSEY
Hayonnt. The closing of the First National
Bank of Bayonne has tied up the funds of the
public library. The trustees hope to nego-
tiate a loan to provide money for the salaries
of the librarians.
Uevcriy. Prominent citizens of Beverly have
taken the lead in a campaign to establish a
fine new library building. John H. Sinex, a
Philadelphia business man and president of
the Beverly Bank, is chairman of a commit-
tee to advance the project. It is proposed to
erect a building costing not less than $5000.
Cranford. (Rpt. — yr. ending Nov. I, 1913.)
^sions 723. Circulation 29,349. New
i cgistrations 198; total number of borrowers
Iloboken. Deciding that the publication of
the minutes of the meetings of the Board of
Trustees of the Free Public Library was an
unnecessary expense, the board at its last
meeting voted to abolish the publication of the
minutes, and hereafter to have a typewritten
copy hung in a conspicuous place in the build-
ing where anybody interested could read it.
Keyport. (Rpt. — 1913.) Accessions 187; to-
tal volumes in library 1926. Circulation 8179.
Total number of borrowers 699.
Nutlfy. The cornerstone of the new Nut-
ley Free Public Library was laid Nov. 29.
The movement to establish in Nutley a
free public library began in 1875, when
the Park School Library was thrown open
to the people by the Board of Education.
it was distributed about in the various
rooms of the building and was little used.
In 1901 Mrs. J. Stuart Brown, now of Mont-
clair. aroused sufficient interest among the
people of the town to induce the Board of
iti-ui t-> devote a special room in the
school to the library, and its circulation
jumped at once to 1000 a month. • The Park
School Library grew to about 3000 volumes,
and in the meantime the "Nutley Library," a
subscription affair, came into existence and
ibout the same number. Both of
these arc now merged and donated to the
nrw institution. About four years ago the
x themselves under the
law for library maintenance. Andrew
Carnegie ^20,000 for the new struc-
ture and the Board of Education gave the
land. The structure will be of brick with
limestone trimmings and is built in the style
of the Jefferson mansion, on the James river,
which is typical of the colonial style of archi-
tecture.
Passaic P. L. Miss H. Elizabeth White,
Ibn. (,Rpt.— yr. ending June 30, 1913.) Cir-
culation 243,227. Visitors to the reading
rooms numbered over 200,000.
Besides the main library there are four
branches. Of these the North branch was
opened on July 15, 1912. The cost of running
this new branch was $2000 for the eleven and
one-half months ending June 30 last. This
amount includes new books, furniture, sup-
plies, rent and additional service required.
The membership of the library is 1304; the
circulation 32,887; reading room attendance
35.673. A total of 1304 new books were pur-
chased for this library and 1372 were trans-
ferred from other library buildings in the
city. The growth of club work has been the
main feature of the work at the Reid Memo-
rial Library. When the three club rooms and
the auditorium were all full, the librarian's
office was used for club work. Every section
of Passaic is now provided with convenient
library facilities. Hence the policy of the li-
brary during the next few years will be one
of development, especially in supplying the
branches with more books and providing
larger and better reading rooms.
Red Bank. In her will, recently probated,
Mrs. Anna M. Conover left $1000 to the Red
Bank Public Library.
PENNSYLVANIA
A SURVEY of the subscription library move-
ment which gradually spread over Pennsyl-
vania in the latter part of the eighteenth cen-
tury, and its development in the nineteenth, is
given in Thomas L. Montgomery's article, "A
survey of Pennsylvania libraries," in the Oc-
tober number of Pennsylvania Library Notes.
The origin and growth of many town libra-
ries is sketched, starting on a subscription
basis, on the principle that "What was worth
getting was worth paying for." Up to 1887
not a single free public library, supported by
taxation, existed in Pennsylvania, although
many subscription libraries opened their read-
ing rooms to the public. Scranton had the
first tax-supported public library. "The rec-
ord of 139 free libraries established within
twenty-five years will stand, no matter what
may be the success of the future."
January, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
65
Canton. The Green Free Library was Jenkintown. The history of the Abington
opened recently with formal exercises. The Library is briefly summed up in an article by
library had its inception in 1899, and was so Florence M. Ridpath in Pennsylvania Library
well supported and used that it attracted the
approving attention of the late Charles F.
Green, of Roaring Branch, who, at the time
of his death, left the sum of $40,000 to be
used in its endowment, and for the purpose
of erecting a suitable building to house the
books.
Chester. Mary Helen Jones, of Haddon-
field, N. J., has been elected librarian of the
West End Library.
Conshohocken. Mrs. Alan Wood, widow of
the Conshohocken ironmaster, has given a
$5000 endowment to the Conshohocken Free
Library.
Darby. "A sketch of the Darby Library
Company" is the title of an article by Kate
W. Serrill in Pennsylvania Library Notes for
October. The library was organized March
J> T743> when twenty-nine citizens formed a
company for establishing a library. In 1761
there were 230 volumes. In 1826 it was voted
that anyone paying $3 per annum might use
books on the same terms as members. In
1868 the library company was incorporated,
and in 1872 subscriptions were solicited and
a lot and building worth about $10,000 were
provided for the library. In 1893 the isoth
anniversary was celebrated, and in 1898 the
library was made free to the public.
Edinboro. A brief description of the library
of the Edinboro State Normal School is
printed in Pennsylvania Library Notes for
October. The town has no public library, but
the public is welcomed in the school library,
which contains about 8500 volumes.
German town. After an existence of forty-
four years, the Germantown Library Associa-
tion and Historical Society will go out of ex-
istence on Jan. n next. The association was
formed in 1869 through the instrumentality
of Miss Hannah Ann Zell, who was the presi-
dent until her death, in 1911. When founded
it served a useful purpose, there being few
public libraries in the city at that time. With
the growth of the free library system, the
library lost patronage. In 1912 the associa-
tion disposed of its collection of relics, many
of them being turned over to the Site and
Relic Society. At the same time the works
of history, science and travels in the library
were sold, and it was decided to make up-to-
date fiction the feature of the library, with
the hope of attracting patronage, but the
change was not a success.
Notes for October. There were thirty-three
members of the first library, established in
1803. The first purchase was Goldsmith's
"Animated nature," in four volumes, at $6.50.
At the close of the year the library owned
150 volumes. Membership fees fluctuated
from $6.50 up to $10 and then down to $i
per year, the rate adopted in 1902. In 1903,
on its hundredth anniversary, the library was
made free to all residents within an area of
twenty-five square miles. In 1909 ground was
broken for a new $10,000 building, and in
July, 1910, it was opened to the public. Dur-
ing the last ten years an endowment fund of
$25,000 has been secured; property worth
$10,000 has been purchased ; a colonial library
costing $20,000 has been built, and the book
collection increased from 1700 to 15,000 vol-
umes.
Pennsburg. The new library at Perkiomen
Seminary, made possible through the gen-
erosity of Andrew Carnegie, who donated
$20,000 for its erection, was dedicated Nov.
20. President John G. Hibben, of Princeton
University, and ex-Governor Samuel W.
Pennypacker, of Schwenksville, Pa., were the
principal orators for the occasion. President
Hibben spoke on "The library," while Mr.
Pennypacker chose "The archives" as his sub-
ject. Ten years ago Dr. Oscar S. Kriebel
conceived the idea of interesting Mr. Car-
negie, and after three years of investigation
and correspondence Mr. Carnegie finally of-
fered to give $20,000 for the library, pro-
vided that the school raise a similar amount
for the endowment of the library, and clear
up all debts of the seminary, which amounted
to nearly $40,000. After seven years of hard
work, during which time he overcame almost
insurmountable obstacles, Dr. Kriebel finally
succeeded in raising the amount in June, 1912,
and thus increased the material resources of
the school $80,000, it being the largest mate-
rial increase the school ever received at one
time. Work was begun on the building about
a year ago. The building is two stories high,
with a basement. The foundation wall is
built of native brownstone, while the building
proper is of dark red brick to conform with
other buildings of the seminary. The roof
is of red tile, and has a large skylight. The
basement will be used for class room pur-
poses, the first floor for the library proper,
and the second "story as an historical mu-
seum. The building also contains a large
66
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[January, 1914
fireproof vault, which is to be used for the
preservation of valuable historical documents
concerning the founders of the Schwenkfelder
faith, under which religious denomination the
school is conducted.
Philadelphia. To provide a site for a free
library building and a public recreation
ground, the city has purchased from the Odd
Fellows' Cemetery Company of Philadelphia
a lot at the northwest corner of Twenty-fifth
and Diamond streets, for $50,000. It includes
about two and one-half acres. The city sev-
eral months ago purchased from J. S. Serrill
and from Annie McCarney two adjoining lots
between the Pennsylvania Railroad and Dia-
mond street. With these the city now has
for the library site a triangular lot 500 feet
on the west side of Twenty-fifth street, 550
feet on the north side of Diamond street, and
750 feet along the Pennsylvania Railroad.
Glen wood avenue cuts through the lot, but
that part of the avenue will probably be taken
off the city plan.
f'hiladflphio. The library of botanical
works collected by the late Dr. Charles H.
Shaw, assistant professor in the department
of botany at the University of Pennsylvania,
has now been incorporated with the depart-
mental library, and each work has been suit-
ably inscribed as a memorial gift by friends
of Dr. Shaw to the university. These will
serve to keep alive the memory of the pro-
fessor, who, while carrying on botanical ex-
plorations in the Canadian Rockies, was
drowned three years ago in a lake of that
region.
Philadelphia. A rare set of law books
printed by Benjamin Franklin was purchased
last month by the New York State Li-
brary for $415. The documents, which con-
sisted of seventeen folios executed between
1759 and 1764, were part of the collection of
* Robert F. Skutch, of Baltimore. They are
considered among the best specimens of
Franklin papers in existence.
Philadelphia. Two hundred additional vol-
un.es were recently deposited in "The Memo-
rial Library of the Publications of the Uni-
ty of Pennsylvania," a distinctive institu-
tion of the university and not duplicated in
any other seat of learning. The "Memorial
I.il>rary" has a home in six special alcoves in
the tower of the library, in a set of book-
cases donated by Joseph G. Rosengarten, one
of the university trustees. There are now
more than 6000 books and pamphlets in these
memorial cases, all written or edited by men
who have been connected with the university
as students, teachers or officers. Some of ^tne
works are by authors of colonial days. There
are several volumes published just before or
after the Civil War. Copies of every text-
book put out by university men are included,
among them several which have been in al-
most universal use and the names of which
awaken associations of school or college days
in the minds of many thousands. The collec-
tion also contains the files of the undergrad-
uates and graduate publications, monographs
and theses. Different languages are repre-
sented in books in Chinese, Japanese, Spanish,
German and French. The special book-plate
for the memorial collection was designed by
George E. Nitzsche, the University recorder,
and drawn by Andre Koronski.
Philadelphia. Falls of Schuylkill branch of
the Philadelphia Free Library, at Warden's
drive and Midvale avenue, Falls of Schuyl-
kill, was formally opened Nov. 18, in the
presence of a large assemblage of guests. The
keys of the building were handed over to Dr.
John Thomson, librarian of the Free Library
of Philadelphia, by the architects, Rankin,
Kellogg & Crane. Addresses were made by
George Dorwart, Charles L. Dykes, Clinton
Rogers Woodruff, and John W. Flanagan,
president of Falls of Schuylkill Business
Men's Association. The library was opened
the following day for the distribution of
books by Miss Susan R. Clendenin, librarian,
and her assistants, Misses Ella W. Boyd, Car-
oline Fiss and Eleanor Smith. The library
building is of local stone, with Indiana lime-
stone trimmings, and has a frontage on Mid-
vale avenue of 42 feet and on Warden's drive
of 100 feet. It is one story and a basement
in height, surmounted with a steeped pitched
roof of green and purple slates, with a small
cupola in the center. The library proper is
on the first floor and is reached by a flight of
two broad steps from Warden's drive. In
the basement are the heating plant, a large
lecture room, and a kitchen and dining room
for the employes. The building was erected
from funds furnished by Andrew Carnegie
on ground donated by the late William M.
Merrick and the Warden estate. Two other
branches, one at Broad and Porter streets
and the other at Twentieth and Shunk streets,
will be opened some time this winter.
Pittsburg. "Some of Pittsburgh's early
libraries" is the title of an article by A. L.
Hardy, which fills six pages of the December
January, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
67
Bulletin of the Carnegie Library of Pitts-
burgh. The article first appeared in the
Pittsburgh Gazette Times, and traces the de-
velopment of the library movement from its
inception in 1787 to the time of the Civil war.
Reading. The library trustees have de-
cided to establish branch libraries in the
northeast, northwest, and southeast sections of
the city. The branches will probably be
started in school buildings.
Wallingford. Wallingford is to have a me-
morial library on a plot of ground just north
of the Wallingford bridge, which has been
deeded to the Helen Kate Furness Free Li-
brary by William Henry Furness, 3d. The
lot has a frontage of eighty-eight feet on
Providence road and a depth of three hun-
dred and sixty-five feet. Frank Miles Day
is preparing plans and specifications for the
library building, which is expected to be fin-
ished by next spring. The library was incor-
porated in 1902 under the name of the Horace
Howard Furness Free Library. Before Dr.
Furness died he left the sum of $5000 to the
library upon the condition that the name be
changed to its present title.
Wellsboro. After making several other be-
quests, Miss Mary Barbara Robinson has be-
queathed the bulk of her estate, estimated at
$100,000, to her nephew, C. R. Converse, of
Elmira, N. Y., for life, and then to the en-
dowment of the Green Free Library, Wells-
boro, to be known as the Chester and Mary
Robinson endowment fund, in memory of
her father and mother. Earlier in the year,
by the will of Charles S. Green, of Roaring
Branch, Wellsboro received $50,000 for a free
library, of which $10,000 was for the building,
$8000 for books and $32,000 for endowment.
This sum, to which the endowment fund of
Miss Robinson eventually will be added, will
place the Green Free Library of Wellsboro
on a substantial foundation.
DELAWARE
Wilmington. A movement is on foot to
stait a campaign for $300,000 for the Wil-
mington Institute Free Library, which is ad-
mitted to be one of the best in any city the
size of Wilmington. The city council has
boen asked to appropriate $50 annually for
every $1000 bequeathed or donated to the
fund, such appropriation not to be paid on an
amount exceeding $200,000. At the present
time the city's appropriation amounts to $13,-
ooo annually, and under the agreement it
would donate $27,000 annually.
MARYLAND
Snow Hill. Friendly L. Rozelle and Vir-
ginia Handy, Ibns. (sth rpt. — yp. 1912-13.)
Total no. vols. in library 1600. Total registra-
tion 368.
DISTRIC7 OF COLUMBIA
Washington P. L. George F. Bowerman,
Ibn. (Rpt.— 1913.) Accessions 11,787; total
number of volumes 156,263. Registration 46,-
278. Circulation 686,278 volumes and 72,450
pictures.
In the distribution of books 161 agencies
were utilized, including those administered by
the library and those to which deposits of
books were sent for circulation. The school
division has made a new high record, and one
that is believed to be rarely equaled in home
circulation per volume. From a total stock of
but 6000 volumes in the school duplicate col-
lection, a home circulation of 76,339 volumes
was achieved — that is, twelve and two-thirds
circulations per volume. These books were
circulated from 287 classrooms in eighty-six
school buildings. In the face of such a record
the library ought at once to be able to in-
crease its school duplicate collection to not
less than 20,000 volumes and to enlarge the
staff in charge of this work. Twenty-three
different organizations held sixty-eight meet-
ings in the lecture hall, with a total recorded
atendance of 7158. In the study room there
were held 140 meetings of eighteen organiza-
tions, some of which also held meetings in
the lecture hall. During the year seventeen
resignations have been handed in out of a
total regular staff of sixty-nine, including the
building force. This is due to the fact that
the salaries paid are inadequate. "The orig-
inal library appropriations were slowly and
inadequately made. The salaries were fixed
by Congress on a starvation basis, and no ef-
fort hitherto has been successful in getting
them from this basis except in spots. Char-
women are still paid $180 per year, as against
a minimum of $240 per year elsewhere ; many
tegular assistants (not pages, but professional
librarians) are paid $480 and $540 per year
when the minimum pay for merely clerical
work elsewhere in the government service is
$720; the librarian originally received $2500,
and now receives $3500 per year for labors
which are compensated in other American
libraries of approximately the size and use-
fulness of that of Washington by an annual
salary of $5000 or more. As a consequence
of these conditions of overwork and under-
pay the library force has suffered a constant
shifting in personnel, losing by resignations
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[January, 1914
53 per cent, of its entire force in the fiscal
year 1907, 25 per cent, in 1908, 23 per cent.
in 1909, 26 per cent, in 1910, 33^ per cent, in
1911. 20 per cent, in 1912, and 25 per cent in
1913. In the nine years from 1904, the first
full year the present central building was oc-
cupied, the congressional appropriations for
the library have increased 71 per cent, and the
total library expenditures 59 per cent. But
in the corresponding period the book stock
has increased in volumes 142 per cent, and
the home circulation has increased in vol-
umes 147 per cent. The library has grown in
these nine years from ^473 volumes to 156,-
263 volumes, and in volumes circulated, the
measure of the library's activity and useful-
ness, from 278,178 volumes to 686,278 volumes.
The work done has increased twice as fast
as the means provided for doing it, and in
very recent years there has been almost no
increase of maintenance and development pro-
vision at all. Under any test that can be ap-
plied Washington's library maintenance is in-
adequate compared with that of other libra-
ries of its class. The comparison is unfavor-
able to Washington: (i) In the aggregate
amount of library appropriation; (2) in per
capita library expenditures, and (3) in per-
centage of total municipal expenditure ap-
plied to library purposes."
The South
VIRGINIA
Richmond. By a resolution adopted at the
annual meeting by the board of directors of
the Virginia State Library, books will be
loaned hereafter, under certain regulations to
be prescribed, to any responsible person in
the state eighteen years old or over. The
change in the method of borrowing books,
which has heretofore been extremely limited,
it i< believed, will tend greatly to increase the
usefulness of the library to the people of
Virginia.
SOUTH CAROLINA
Latta. The contract for the construction
of the Latta Public Library building has been
awarded to S. E. Alford, of Rowland, N. C.
The Carnegie Corporation of New York made
a donation of $5000 for a library building,
and the contract calls for the completion of
the building ready for occupancy by March
FLORIDA
Bartow. Plans for the new Carnegie Li-
brary are ready.
KENTUCKY
Eminence. \ library association has been
formed as the result of a visit by Miss Fannie
Rawson, secretary of the State Library Asso-
ciation.
Louisville F. P. L. George T. Settle,
Ibn. (9th rpt.— yr. ending Aug. 31, 1913.)
Accessions 19,061 ; total number volumes 163,-
214. New registrations 9387 ; total number of
borrowers 40,824. Circulation 776,654 vol-
umes for home use. Receipts $150,065.03 ; ex-
penditures $146,352.62. From Mr. Carnegie
$35.000 have been drawn for three branch
libraries. The chief event of the year was
the transfer, on May 13, of the Polytechnic
Society property to the Library Board. This
included the store building on Fourth avenue,
valued at $630,000, together with all books,
statuary, museum collection, paintings, etc.
The rents from this building, which is occu-
pied by a large department store, will enable
the library to do much additional work. The
opening of the Jefferson Branch library, the
completion of the new Portland Branch build-
ing, and the drawing of plans and the erection
of the Eastern Colored Branch building are
added items of interest. The library system
consists of the main library, seven branches
(with the eighth under construction), 213 class
room collections in schools and 37 deposit
stations, a total of 258 centers for the circu-
lation of books for home use.
TENNESSEE
Greeneville. A donation of $10,000, it is
announced, has been secured from Andrew
Carnegie for the purpose of building a li-
brary in Greeneville, the home of Andrew
Johnson. It is expected that work on the
building will be commenced in the early
spring. A lot for the library was purchased
some time ago near the federal court building.
Knoxville. The school improvement and
library organizations of Knox county have,
up to the present time, raised $1000 for the
purpose of establishing libraries in various
schools in Knox county. This means that the
schools of Knox county have $2000 avail-
able for library purposes. For every $i
raised by the Knox county schools the state
will donate $i, thus doubling the sum raised
by the students and patrons of the schools.
Libraries are being established in fifty or
sixty school houses in Knox county.
ALABAMA
Birmingham. The library board of this
cily has determined on a special campaign
January, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
69
for the purpose of raising a fund of approx-
imately $50,000. The money is to be used for
the purchase of books needed to bring the
library system of the city up to proper stand-
ard. With the great industrial growth of Bir-
mingham in recent years has come a need
for special training among the residents that
the library has been unable to satisfy up to
the present time.
Central West
OHIO
Akron. Through the generosity of a few
citizens a children's room has been equipped
and opened in the public library, with suit-
able furniture and 2000 new books.
Cleveland. A new branch was opened on
the second floor of the old main library build-
ing Nov. 15, in charge of Mrs. Minnie B.
Paoli. It will contain a newspaper reading
room, the department for the blind, formerly at
Goodrich house, and an adult circulating col-
lection of about 7000 volumes (fiction and
the best books in all classes). Here, too, will
be found a collection of general reference
books for "ready reference" work and the
current numbers of about thirty-three period-
icals, including most of the popular and a
few technical magazines. There will be a
smaller library for children and a club room
for story-hour and general use. The muni-
cipal reference library, consisting of books
on municipal government and affairs, will be
continued on the second floor of the city
hall, and in connection with this a busi-
ness men's reference library has been organ-
ized, bringing together all the books which
most readily answer the questions asked by
business men. This includes hotel and trade
directories, directories of other cities, tele-
graph codes, encyclopedias and year books.
There are now sixteen smaller branches in the
public library system.
Fostoria. The public library made possible
by the bequest of $19,000 from the late Louisa
McClean is now in coarse of erection and
will soon be roofed over.
Hamilton. Work on restoring the Lane Li-
brary has progressed so satisfactorily that the
trustees now believe that the institution will
be ready for the public by the first part of
February. There will be a dearth of books,
but the trustees have the nucleus of another
librarj and hope to be able to restock the
building rapidly.
Oberlin. Vandals wrecked the interior of
the new Carnegie Library here, which is used
jointly by Oberlin College and the town, Dec.
17. Books and magazines were thrown about,
and all card index files destroyed. Restora-
tion will cost several hundred dollars and re-
quire protracted labor. Meanwhile the build-
ing will be closed and college reference work
handicapped.
Youngstown. When the municipal courts
are established the first of January it will
mean that about $5000 a year will be cut from
the revenue of the law library, for none of
the municipal court receipts will go for the
purpose of supporting that institution as at
present. Since the law has been in effect
giving the state fines and costs collected in
police court to the law library the clerk of
the court has turned over thousands of dol-
lars to Theodore Johnson, treasurer of the
law library. Under the municipal court law
all fines and costs collected in those courts
are placed in a common fund to meet the ex-
penses of the courts and not a cent goes to
the law library.
Youngstown. Insufficient funds with which
the Reuben McMillan Free Library has to
meet the expenses of the library during the
year 1914 will force the library trustees to close
the libraries under their administration during
three months of the coming year. The trus-
tees voted at their November meeting to close
the main library, South Side branch, Brier
Hill branch, Haselton branch and all depart-
ments of the library from June 15 to Sept. 15.
The appropriation granted by the city of
$16,000 is declared inadequate to give good
service to the public during the entire year.
INDIANA
Newcastle. A Carnegie library for New-
castle will soon be an assured fact. The
subscription list which has been circulated in
the town shows that $1700 has been sub-
scribed, $300 in excess of the amount Car-
negie demands to show good faith. The suc-
cess of the work is largely due to the efforts
of Miss Louise Compton.
MICHIGAN
Detroit. As a feature of the university
extension work in this city Theodore W.
Koch, librarian of the University of Michi-
gan, has been giving a series of illustrated
lectures in the Museum of Art. Those al-
ready given are "College and university libra-
ries," "The arts of illustration," and "Features
of a printed book."
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[January, 1914
70
Detroit "As few obstacles as possible be-
tween the people and the books," is the under-
lying principle of changes which City Libra-
rian Adam Strohm is making in the refer-
ence department of the central library. The
library "jail equipment," which Librarian
Strohm has put out of commission during the
past few weeks on the second floor includes
544 glass doors and 544 keys to *ne *****; bc"
sides much other useless lumber and junk,
which formerly acted as barriers between the
people and the books. As a result the second
floor reference book department has taken on
an air of utility it never wore before. Table
rests for the books attached to the wall be-
tween the "stacks," which can be folded up
when not in use, are another improvement in-
stalled in the reference room which is greatly
appreciated by its frequenters.
Detroit. Cmss Gilbert, of New York city, the
architect who drew the plans for the Wool-
worth building in that city, is preparing the
plans for the new central library to be built
here this year. The plans call for an expendi-
ture of $850,000, but it is expected the build-
ing will cost over a million before it is com-
pleted.
Houghlon. The Houghton Public Library
owns orginal illustrations by Mary Hamilton
Frye for Selma Lagerlofs delightful chil-
dren's story, "The wonderful adventures of
Nils." These illustrations and original lan-
tern slides were drawn especially for the
Houghton Public Library, a Houghton friend
of the library who has remained anonymous,
having commissioned the artist to do the
work as a gift to the library. Doubleday,
Page & Co. secured from the library permis-
sion to put out a special edition with these
OS, and with each copy of the new
edition is published an insert describing the
source of the illustrations. The insert states
that should any school, library or other or-
ganization desire to make use of an abridged
form of the story with lantern slide illustra-
tions they must secure permission and the
r Houghton Public Library.
ILLINOIS
Chicago. Valuable books and records of the
John Crerar Library in the Marshall Field
building were threatened with destruction
Nov. 14, when an explosion in the binding
nipply room on the sixth floor caused a fire
that destroyed the contents of the room and
entailed a loss of $5000. Quick action by the
firrmrn prevented the spread of the flames to
any other room and the fire was extinguished
before water had dripped down to the
below.
Wyoming. Mrs. E. P. Reeder, secretary of
the Library Association, has received word
from the Carnegie Corporation of New York
that it will give $5600 to erect a free library
building for Wyoming, providing certain con-
ditions are met and plans for same be pre-
viously submitted to said association.
Yates City. By the will of the late Nettie
J. Corbin the town receives $5000 to found a
library.
WISCONSIN
Bay View is to have a new $20,000 library.
Kewaskum. The new public library, es-
tablished by the local woman's club with the
aid of the village, was opened Oct. 2 with an
address by Miss Lutie E. Stearns, of the Wis-
consin Library Commission.
Manitowoc P. L. Martha E. Pond, Ibn.
(Rpt._yr. ending Je. 30, IQI3-) Accessions
688; total volumes in library 10,896. Circu-
lation 40,642. Total registration 4940. Re-
ceipts $4100; expenditures $3900-
Milwaukee. A permit has been issued for
the erection of the Bay View Library, to cost
$5S,ooo.
Milwaukee. A three-story addition to the
public library is to be made at a cost of
$50,000.
Mineral Point. Work has been begun on
the new $50,000 municipal building, which
will also contain the public library.
Plymouth. The Woman's Club of Ply-
mouth has voted to buy the L. W. Tillotson
property for a Carnegie library site.
Oconomowoc. Mabel Weber has been ap-
pointed librarian of the school library.
Shcboygan P. L. (Rpt.— yr. 1912-13.) Cir-
culation 30,244 for adults; 30,393 for chil-
dren. Total registration 7000; adults 2976,
children 4024. Receipts $8230.17. Balance on
hand $3209.75.
Waupaca. Plans have been accepted and
the contract let for the $10,000 Carnegie
building.
The North West
MINNESOTA
Minneapolis. The city council has au-
thorized the issuance of $40,000 for library
sites.
January, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
Mountain Iron. The village council has
unanimously decided to accept Andrew Car-
negie's offer of $8000 for the erection of a
public library in Mountain Iron. The village
agrees to provide a suitable site, and to raise
annually at least 10 per cent, of the amount
donated by him for the support of the library.
St. Paul. At its meeting Dec. 26 the public
library board, in the face of considerable op-
position from the mayor and citizens, leased
the Public Library building for a term of
thirty years to an eastern firm. The city is to
receive $150,000 rental in all for the building.
The opposition arose from the fact that the
present lease does not expire for six years.
St. Paul. Work on the foundations of the
new $1,000,000 public library was practically
completed Dec. 15. The work was started
Aug. 18.
White Bear. Plans for the construction of
the new Carnegie library are in the hands of
the Carnegie commission, and work on the
building will be started as soon as they are
returned. The building will cost about $5500,
and the site cost $1000. The site was pur-
chased by subscription, and the money for the
building was given by Andrew Carnegie.
IOWA
Des Moines. Miss Eliza E. Townsend, for-
merly librarian in the Public Library at Spo-
kane, Wash., on Dec. i assumed her new
duties as supervising librarian of the state in-
stitutions under the board of control. Miss
Townsend plans to study the needs of indi-
vidual patients in each institution, and to
recommend for the inmates reading that will
aid them in correcting the mental or moral
deficiencies which have brought about their
commitment.
Keosauqua. After five years of work the
Woman's Improvement Association here has
financed and opened a library building. The
last payment has been made, and the building
has been equipped with every convenience.
Logan. Logan's new library, to be organ-
ized under the state of Iowa library regula-
tions, has selected for the board of trustees
the following: Mary Rice, Almor Stern, Dr.
M. A. Humphery, Mrs. B. J. Wood, Mrs. H.
L. Allen and James Albertsen.
NEBRASKA
S»uth Omaha P. L. Mrs. Grace Pinnell,
Ibn. (Rpt. — yr. ending July 31, 1913.) Ac-
cessions 358; total volumes in library 9234.
Circulation 37,801. New registration 837; to-
tal 2767. Receipts $5208.82; expenditures
$4478.82.
NORTH DAKOTA
Leonard. On Nov. 26 the transfer was
made of the newly erected and newly fitted
building in future to be used as a public li-
brary, from the hands of Edgerton Watts,
who has been postmaster in Leonard for the
past thirty-one years, to the town and town-
ship. The building was erected as a memo-
rial to Mrs. Mary E. Hewitt Watts, wife of
Mr. Watts. This is the first township library
in the state.
SOUTH DAKOTA
Br oo kings is to have a new $10,000 Car-
negie public library building.
The South West
MISSOURI
Columbia. By acquiring the Stone property
for $32,500 the University of .Missouri became
the owner of the block in which the new
library building is to be built. The site cost
$84,500. The contract for the building, which
is to cost about $250,000, will be awarded in
January.
Belleville. The Belleville City Council has
selected the Heinemann property, at First and
Jackson streets, as the site to be tendered the
Carnegie Corporation for the proposed Car-
negie Library. The price asked is $6800. The
Carnegie Corporation has signified its readi-
ness to appropriate $45,000 for the erection of
a library building if the proper site is ten-
dered, and the city makes an annual appro-
priation of $4500 for maintenance of the in-
stitution.
OKLAHOMA
Enid. The dedication of the new $25,000
library for Phillips University took place Nov.
25. In the morning A. E. Corey made an
address, and in the afternoon M. M. Davis,
of Dallas, Tex., dedicated the building. Phil-
lips University was organized in Enid in 1906
and was known at that time as Oklahoma
Christian University. Rev. E. V. Zollars was
president. T. W. Phillips, sr.', of Pennsyl-
vania, was one of the most generous donors
at the time of the building of the university.
Before his death he liberally endowed the
university and in recognition the name of the
university was changed. Mrs. Phillips and
Thomas W. Phillips, jr., were guests of honor
at the dedication exercises.
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[January, 1914
TEXAS
Bay City. The Bay City Public Library As-
sociation, which is an institution organized for
the purpose of securing a library for Bay City,
has already subscribed over $2500, and close
Co $1800 of this has been collected. A lot
75 x 140 has been purchased for $1500 and
many books have been donated. The ques-
tion now before the executive committee and
the advisory committee is whether or not a
temporary building will be placed on the lots
and used till a more pretentious building can
be built or whether it is better to go after the
larger nouse at once.
Houston. Approximately $600 was donated
by the school children of Houston for the
purchase of library books on library day,
Nov. 26. The purpose of the collection is
for the purchase of books to be added to the
school libraries.
Palestine. Work has been started on the
new public library building.
San Antonio. Plans for the new modern
Carnegie Library have been accepted and work
on this structure will start soon. The build-
ing, when completed, with all minor details,
will cost $15,000.
San Antonio P. L. Cornelia Notz, Ibn. (Rpt.,
yr. ending May 31, 1913.) Total number of
volumes in library 37,043. New registration
4754 : total number of borrowers 9099. Re-
ceipts $26,344.67. Expenditures $11,816.26.
Balance on hand $14,528.46.
"Six deposit libraries are maintained in
schools. These libraries, consisting of about
75 to 150 books each, were very carefully se-
lected, offering books on a great variety of
subject*, with a liberal sprinkling of fiction.
The reading lists of the foreign children of-
fered some surprises, for they consisted al-
most entirely of histories, biographies, hero
stories and 'first aid' books. Besides addresses
delivered before schools and organizations of
various kinds, the quarterly bulletin has been
an important feature of the publicity work
done by the library-. It was started in 1906,
appropriation was made for it at
that timr. the publication paid for itself by
means of advertisements printed on it. This
feature was eliminated later on when the
board made a special appropriation for the
bulletin. The newspapers have also given
much space to library news. From its very be-
ginning the library has each winter offered a
course of lectures. During the last winter the
lectures were made entirely free to the public
and -proved very popular. The story hour in-
augurated in 1007 was continued during the
year. The plan for next year is to take up
and develop some definite subject. Several
requests for books have come from towns
near San Antonio. Public libraries in Texas
are few and far between, those nearest San
Antonio being located in Houston and Dallas.
Most of the towns are too small to support
libraries of their own, and it is but natural
that they should appeal to the nearest public
library. The expense connected with the send-
ing of books is more than our library can af-
ford and the requests had to be refused.
However, if the county authorities are ap-
pealed to for an appropriation and grant it
there is no reason why our library should not
extend its influence outside of San Antonio
and send books to the towns that ask for
them."
COLORADO
Denver. Seven circulating deposit stations
of the Denver Public Library have recently
been established.
NEW MEXICO
Raton P. L. Myrtle M. Cole, Ibn. (Rpt—
yr. ending Sept., 1913.) Total volumes in
library 2914. Circulation 11,708; 3066 of this
number were from the juvenile department.
Total registration 706. Receipts $4879,04; ex-
penditures $3648.83.
Pacific Coast
CALIFORNIA
Bakersfield. Work on the new $25,000 li-
brary building was started just before Thanks-
giving. The building is to be of brick and
concrete.
Beaumont. The trustees of the Beaumont
Library^ district have been notified by the Car-
negie Corporation, which has charge of the
Carnegie library donations, that the plans for
the proposed $10,000 Carnegie Library here
have been approved. The specifications are
being drawn and bids for construction of the
building will be asked for at an early date.
The trustees have purchased three lots at the
corner of California avenue and Eighth street
as the new library site.
Los Angeles. On recommendation of the
board of efficiency, the board of supervisors has
denied an application for three additional libra-
rians and one assistant in the county's free
library. The bureau reported the appropria-
tion for 1914 would permit the purchase of
January, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
73
3000 books each month, but was not sufficient
to warrant additional help.
Los Angeles. The public library held a
memorial exhibition in November in honor of
the bi-centenary of Father Serra, for many-
years missionary to the Indians of California
and the founder of several of the most im-
portant mission posts. Added to the unique
collection of books and pictures possessed by
the library, many valuable relics were lent by
the San Gabriel Mission, the Church of Our
Lady of the Angels, the Southwest Museum,
and Miss Anna Picher, of the Boundary Stone
League. Specimens of early California In-
dian handicraft, vestments, music scores, mis-
sals, and old pictures used at the missions
were shown, with authentic information con-
cerning their history.
Merced. By the will of the late Robert
Gracey, formerly of Merced, about $25,000
has been bequeathed to the city for public
library purposes.
Oakland P. L. Charles S. Greene, Ibn.
(35th rpt. — 1912-13.) The library has n
branches and deposit stations in the city
besides the main library. In addition there
are 15 branches in Alameda county. Acces-
sions : main building 6500 ; city branches
5494; county branches 3892, besides 620
bought with school money ; total number of
volumes in city and country 96,941. Circula-
tion for home use, main building and city and
county branches, books 533,585; magazines
81,802 ; grand total 615,387. New registration
7118; total 55,519. Expenditures $100,516.67;
of this sum salaries were $60,728.47, books
$15,637.56, periodicals $3681.42, and binding
$1914.97. The library has a staff of 104 reg-
ular assistants and 18 substitutes.
Pasadena P. L. Nellie M. Russ, Ibn. (Rpt.
— yr. ending Je. 30, 1913.) Total volumes
in library 39,825. Circulation of main library
191,155; North Pasadena branch 33,706; East
Pasadena branch 27,663; total 252,524. New
registration 3329. Receipts $34,333-32; expen-
ditures $27,336.59.
Pasadena. Miss L L. Wier has been ap-
pointed on the staff of the public library in
place of Miss Jessie M. Douglas, and Miss
Agnes Wilcox has been appointed on the
substitute roll.
Richmond. A reading room for children
was opened in the public library the day be-
fore Thanksgiving.
Richmond. The new West Side branch was
opened Nov. 19, at the library's new quarters
in the Flatiron building. The interior has
been thoroughly renovated for library pur-
poses.
San Francisco. M. J. Ferguson, the assist-
ant state librarian, has a brief article on "The
Sutro library" in the October number of News
Notes of California Libraries. The heirs of
the late Adolph Sutro have given to the State
Library his collection of books, the principal
condition being that they shall be kept in San
Francisco. Mr. Sutro gathered especially the
books needed by the scholar, and at his death
in 1898 had about 250,000 volumes. During
the great fire in 1906 more than half the vol-
umes, including a fine collection of Bibles and
incunabula, were destroyed. The remaining
100,000, which have never been cataloged,
form the present collection.
Santa Clara. The new town hall is prac-
tically completed. The public library will oc-
cupy the whole of the west side. Besides the
main library room there is a small office for
the librarian and a committee room for the
trustees.
Santa Cruz. In response to a communica-
tion sent several weeks ago, F. W. Bliss, one
of the trustees of the Santa Cruz Free Li-
brary, has received word to the effect that if
Santa Cruz will furnish two sites for the
location of branch libraries at Garfield Park
and Seabright, the Carnegie Corporation of
New York will donate $6000 for building
purposes. The library trustees already have
the sites, and it is their intention to have the
buildings on them remodeled and submit
plans to the Carnegie Corporation for their
approval.
Visalia. A formal reopening of the Visalia
Public Library, which was damaged by fire
last June, was held Nov. 10. A short pro-
gram was given, followed by a reception, and
visitors were allowed to inspect the building,
which had been thoroughly remodeled. The
following evening the children patrons were
entertained with pictures and music.
Wilmington Park. Guided and directed by
their husbands and brothers, who perform the
heavier work, women of Wilmington Park
are erecting in their spare time a building to
be used as a public library. The structure is
on school property and will be a credit to the
builders, all of whom are taking great pride
in their work. In addition to aiding physically
in the construction, the women also have sup-
plied the material for the structure, and when
completed will furnish it. After completion
the Public Library of Los Angeles will estab-
lish a branch library there.
74
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[January, 1914
OREGON
Grants 1 ass C.rants Pass soon will have a
free library. Professor R. R. Turner, city
:cnt of the schools and commis-
sioner of the library board, has arranged to
i Ux.ks in l*o rooms in the city hall.
•uri*n will be appointed and placed upon
,a regular salary. The rooms will be open
from 10 o'clock in the morning until 9 o'clock
at night.
Hood A'l'tvr. The new building for the
Hood Ri\cr County Library, erected with an
appro f $I7.5<X> from the Carnegie
is Hearing completion. The librarian,
Miss I Mia Xorthey, expects to be able to
occupy the new home of the institution early
this year. The first efforts toward a county
library were made by the Hood River Wom-
an's Gub, who worked faithfully for a num-
ber of years and in the face of indifference
M part of the citizens. To-day the sup-
port of the library is generous on all sides.
K' the year that the library has been
1C number of books on the shelves
has grown to jooo volumes. From the main
the city, according to the report of
the librarian, during the past year 14.37-'
books were circulated. The new building here
have a room especially equipped for the
children. It will have an auditorium for lec-
md university extension work.
Klamatk /-'alts. Work on the $24,000 Car-
negie Library building has been started in
earnest, and a force of carpenters has corn-
el the building of the forms for shap-
ing the concrete walls of the structure.
Portland. The old library building on Stark
t. between Broadway and Park street, one
•he greatest of Portland's landmarks, is
to be replaced by a modern five-story build-
ing of reinforced concrete, in which will be
the largest theater in the city. The library
structure was constructed in 1800 by the Port-
land Library Association at a cost of $160,000.
hat time the association was maintained
through fees and dues from membership and
•li'l not become a public institution until 1002.
The building was of the Italian renaissance
of architecture and was considered one
r most beautiful of the older structures in
land. It was vacated in September, when
the handsome new library building, at Elev-
enth and YamhiJl streets, was opened. The
of demolition has already begun.
:land. The new brick building at the
'least corner of Milwaukee and Powell
streets, erected by W. H. Raabe. is completed
and the Brooklyn Branch Library has its new
quarters there. The lower room will be occu-
pied by the library- It is nearly 50x50 feet
in size and is much larger than the building
now occupied. The lights have been arranged
from two sides, which makes it much better
than the former room. This branch was es-
tablished in April, 1912, and has been well
patronized, the adults being the most nu-
merous to patronize the library. For the
year ending with November there were 28,059
applications for books received at the Brook-
lyn Library. Many books in German, Norwe-
gian and Italian have been called for. This
branch is kept open part of Sunday. In the
new quarters more books may be kept, the
facilities of the library being greatly increased.
St. Johns. The new library building erect-
ed on West Charleson and Kellogg streets
was thrown open to the inspection of the
public Nov. 22, when a large number of peo-
ple visited the building. Story hours were
held in the afternoon at three for small
children and at four for the larger children.
At 8 o'clock a public reception was held in
the library. There was a short program of
addresses. The branch library is a one-story
structure with basement. The main book
room is finely lighted for night reading, and
the branch is expected to become a social and
educational center for St. Johns. It will be
possible to hold lectures and other functions
in the new building. Andrew Carnegie pro-
vided the money for the building and M. F.
Holbrook the site. Miss Mabel Rundall is
the librarian in charge.
WASHINGTON
Spokane. The public library will conduct
a four-months' training class this winter, at
which the librarian and department heads will
give lectures, and there will be practical work
in the library. Of sixteen applicants for ad-
mission only six passed the entrance exam-
inations.
Spokane. The cornerstone of the first of
Spokane's branch library buildings was laid
on Nov. 15. This, the Heath branch, stands
at the corner of Standard street and Mission
avenue, and will cost when completed about
$35,000. The Carnegie corporation has given
$70,000 to the city of Spokane for the erec-
tion of branch libraries. The cornerstone for
the East Side branch building, at First and
Altamont streets, was laid Nov. 22, and a
third branch in the northwest section of the
city will be started next spring.
January, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
75
IDAHO
Boise. An addition of steel and concrete,
to cost $15,000, will be made to the Carnegie
Library. The present building, which cost
$25,000, was outgrown several years ago, and
negotiations have been going on with the
Carnegie Corporation for two years to get
the necessary funds for enlargement.
NEVADA
Reno. The public library has about 10,000
volumes, and an average daily circulation of
200. Eighty per cent, of the circulation is
fiction, and Hall Caine's "The woman thou
gavest me" is the most popular volume at
present !
CANADA
Moose Jaw, Sask. An interesting descrip-
tion of the new building opened Aug. 15 is
given in the November issue of Public Libra-
ries. The building cost $100,000, and its stacks
will accommodate about 30,000 volumes.
Toronto, Can. The Dovercourt Branch Li-
brary was opened Nov. 23. It is said to be
the finest branch library in the Dominion.
The building is U-shaped, and the center of
the U is occupied by a court that will form
a little garden and terrace, upon which the
library reading rooms open and through
which the readers will pass to the garden and
grounds at the west side of the building.
There are two stories in the building. The
lower floor, having its entrance on the east
side at the level of the sidewalk, is used for
the heating plant, the librarian's rest room,
kitchen and lavatory, the public lavatories, and
a large lecture or club room. The main floor
is occupied by the entrance hall, charging
counter and two large reading rooms. These
three rooms, divided only by large arches and
practically covering the whole area of the
building, give the impression of one large
open area. The walls of the reading rooms
are lined with bookcases seven feet high with
a capacity of about 10,000 books. There are
large fireplaces at the end of each reading
room to add to the comfort of the room and
to assist in the ventil?tion. The exterior of
the building is of dark red brick and a buff
terra cotta, and the roof is covered with an
unfading green slate. The heating is by
steam, and the main floor is lighted by in-
direct lighting fixtures. The furniture and
woodwork throughout are of oak stained a
fumed oak tone, and the main floor is cov-
ered with cork matting with the exception
of the entrance hall and stairs, which are of
marble.
Foreign
GREAT BRITAIN
W. C. BERWICK SAVERS, of the Central Li-
brary, Croydon, England, is the author of a
little book called "Over some Alpine passes,"
which shows one of the recreations of an
English librarian, and may recall pleasant
scenes to many Americans as well.
A COMMITTEE has been formed to collect
funds for the erection of a memorial tablet
to the late Andrew Lang in the Selkirk Free
Library, which he opened in 1889. Subscrip-
tions, which are limited to two guineas, should
be sent to the secretary of the committee, Mr.
J. Streathearn Steedman, Selkirk.
FRANK JAMES BURGOYNE, librarian of the
Lambeth (Eng.) Public Libraries, died Oct. 20
after a long illness. He was originally trained
at the Birmingham Public Libraries. About
1879 he became sub-librarian at Newcastle-
upon-Tyne. Five years later he was appointed
librarian at Darlington; and three years after-
wards, in 1887, he became chief librarian of
Lambeth, a position he held until his death.
When he first went to Lambeth, the Acts had
been icccntly adopted, and the first library was
opened in temporary premises, and the whole
of the great Lambeth library system grew up
under his care.
THE mystery of the whereabouts of the
Glenriddell manuscripts of the poet Burns,
which were sold by the Athenaeum Library
of Liverpool last summer and for which a
committee of Scots in England and Scotland
has been searching, was quickly cleared when
Mr. John Gribbel, vice-president of the Phila-
delphia Public Ledger, announced recently that
the two volumes were in his possession. He
said he had purchased them from a dealer,
and added that he would restore them to Scot-
land forever protected by a deed of trust as
a gift to the race which gave Robert Burns
to the world.
J. A. CHARLTON DEAS, librarian and cura-
tor of the Sunderland (Eng.) public libraries,
museums and art gallery, has been making
some interesting experiments regarding the
feasibility of admitting the blind to the insti-
tutions. The results are described in a pam-
phlet, "How we may show our museums and
art galleries to the blind." On Sunday after-
noons, when the rooms were closed to the
general public, the adult blind were admitted.
After a short introductory lecture describing
the room to be visited and the objects to be
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[January, 1914
examined, each visitor, under the charge of
his allotted guide, examined the specimens
closely. A descriptive card was attached to
each article allowing the guide to give com-
plete information regarding it. In this way,
on successive Sundays, pictures, animals,
birds, geological specimens, a human skele-
ton, pieces of armor, etc., were examined.
The same program was repeated on succeed-
ing Monday mornings for blind children of
the Council School, the galleries being closed
or three hours for the purpose. The
keenest interest and appreciation was dis-
played by the guests at these visits, and Mr.
Deas suggests that the unused duplicates
which most museums possess might be made
the nucleus for a special collection to which
the blind could have access without the nec-
essity of opening cases and making special
preparation.
Bftknal Grten. Fifteen thousand pounds
has been offered by Andrew Carnegie for a
public library on condition that a suitable site
be provided for it.
GERMANY
Hallf. The vestry of the Marien-Kirche
has decided to sell its famous library in order
raighten out its financial affairs. This
library consists of 26,000 volumes, and con-
tains also the most complete collection of
manuscripts in the handwriting of Martin
Luther and his co-reformers. It also pos-
sesses the only original death mask of Luther.
Most of the books are on theology, and a
few of them are said to be worth as much as
$45,000. In spite of tempting offers from the
outside, it has been decided to offer the en-
t:rr library at a comparatively low price to
the city of Halle in order to keep it, if at all
possible, "at home."
ARGENTINA
AN American library in Buenos Aires for
the promotion and interchange of ideas and
greater knowledge of each country is the
plan of the Argentine Social Museum, as
outlined in correspondence going on now
with educational institutions in the United
State v There has evidently been wanting
in the South American republic some
such center, where could be made avail-
able information on- matters of moment as it
finds expression in various publications and
reports issued in the United States. To bring
about a closer intellectual union between edu-
cational leaders north and south, the
management of the Argentine Social Mu-
seum conceived the idea of sending no less
than 10,000 letters to American institutions
and editors. The newspapers are asked to
contribute their current issues, and in this
way it is expected that much misinformation
may be corrected before its gets wider cir-
culation.
JAPAN
Yamaguchi P. L. (loth annual rpt. — yr.
ending Mar. 31, 1913.) Accessions 4894; to-
tal number volumes 39,550. Circulation 236,-
681, an increase of 43,188 over 1912. The li-
brary was open 332 days.
There are 88 libraries in the Prefecture, to
most of which traveling libraries are sent, as
well as to young men's associations, secondary
schools, and other schools. In all 293 sets of
traveling libraries, aggregating 17,504 volumes,
were sent out to 102 different communities,
the circulation numbering 46,818.
THE LIBRARIAN'S MOTHER GOOSE.
I. ORDER DEPARTMENT.
Ding, dong, bell the order's going well.
Whom did we put in ? Mrs. Anna Green.
Whom did we leave out ? Alger, no doubt
What a naughty thing was that, to leave poor Alger at the bat.
—Rente B. Stern.
LIBRARY WORK
Notes of developments in all branches of library activity, particularly as shown in current
library literature.
General
Education, Training, Library 'Schools
LIBRARY INSTRUCTION IN NORMAL SCHOOLS.
Impressions of a transplanted librarian.
Mary A. True. Penn. Lib. Notes, O., 1913,
p. 70-75-
Miss True, librarian of the Clarion State
Normal School, found on assuming her duties
that many teachers lacked all training on the
value of the library as an aid to the school.
Consequently she has given a series of weekly
talks on classification, shelf arrangement, use
of card catalogs, reference books, and pe-
riodical indexes. By timely lists of maga-
zine articles, exhibits of post-cards, etc., rela-
tive to the various lectures given by teachers,
the interest in the library is maintained.
Scope, Usefulness, Founding
SCOPE AND USEFULNESS.
A discussion of the public library. William
H. Dixon. Wis. Lib. Bull, O., 1913, p. 163-
165.
Wisconsin has a fine library system de-
veloped in the form of splendid libraries,
rules and regulations, a corps of well-trained
librarians, a splendid cataloging system, etc.
But the great mass, the majority of our peo-
ple, have but little spare time and do not use
the libraries to any great extent. The recom-
mendation is that the library be taken to these
people by some person or persons who un-
derstand both the people and books. He
takes these books to the people who should
read them ; shows them how to read ; is care-
ful that the books are not lost, and when they
are read, sees that they are returned.
— Comparative importance of side lines in
the small library. By Flora B. Roberts. Penn.
Lib. Notes, O., 1913, p. 27-32.
Touches on the amount of time needed, and
discusses the relative importance of story-
telling, picture and clipping collections, pam-
phlet literature and its care, picture bulletins
and the making of bulletins in general, young
people's clubs and exhibits.
— The problem of public leisure. Lutie E.
Stearns. Wis. Lib. 'Bull, O., 1913, p. 162-
163.
Summary of paper read at meeting of Fox
River Valley Library Association, Oct. 8, 1913.
Discusses importance of providing proper en-
tertainment for leisure hours, and calls at-
tention to the service provided for librarians
by the educational department of the General
Film Company (N. Y.) in supplying lectures,
lecturers, machines, operators and films for
such subjects as philosophy, religion, sociol-
ogy, natural science, useful arts, fine arts, lit-
erature and history. Closes with a statement
of how churches and schools are taking up
the problem, and makes a plea for the coop-
eration of librarians in the work.
Socialized bibliography. Adelaide R.
Hasse. N. Y. Libs., N., 1913. p. 11-12.
Socialization of interests is the dominant
characteristic of the times. Where does the
library stand in the movement? Its work is
primarily with the mature. The only effective
means which the stationary library has of get-
ting over to the mature is by bibliography.
For every other line of its activity the public
must come to it. Socialized bibliography will
reduce cataloging to a minimum and will
equip every library with a card directory of
all persons and organizations in the vicinity
interested in a special subject. Library work-
ers, specially trained, will go among these
people finding out in advance what help they
will need from the library, while their col-
leagues on the inside will have on file, in an
index kept up to date, information compiled
from most recent sources — periodicals, so-
ciety proceedings, and public documents.
The Library as an Educator
LIBRARY AS AN EDUCATOR.
Public libraries: their place in education.
William Procter. The Lib. Assistant, D.,
1913, P. 230-234.
Paper read before the Yorkshire branch of
the Library Assistants' Association at Shef-
field, Eng., Sept. 17. The mere linking of
public libraries with school and college cur-
ricula is not enough. Since the larger part
of every man's education is what he gives
himself, it is for this individual self-admin-
istered education that the public library fur-
nishes the opportunity and the means. The
great readers of the present generation are
the artisans and mechanics. Millions of cop-
ies of the world's classics are published and
sold to them. Now a drastic revision of pol-
icy is needed to make the library a logical
response to the demand for self-culture. It
is suggested that lending libraries [the class
particularly discussed in this paper] limit the
purchase of fiction, even at the expense of
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[January, 1914
circulation statistics, and give more consider-
ation to the intelligent minority of patrons.
Cooperation with various voluntary institu-
tions of educational effort is urged, and a
raising of the intellectual status of the library
assistant.
Library Extension Work
AVDITOBIUMS, USE OF LIBRARY.
New regulations governing the use by the
public of the auditoriums, which are to be
found in nine of the branch buildings of the
Brooklyn Public Library, have been recently
adopted by the trustees of that institution
with the idea of increasing the use of these
rooms. Under the new rules the auditorium
may be engaged for literary, educational,
civic, charitable and social purposes, but may
not be used for religious services, political
campaigns or business purposes. Music and
the serving of refreshments are permitted in
these rooms, and they may be kept open until
uminight. For meetings open free to the
public no charge will be made; for those
open only to members of organizations and
their invited guests no charge will be made
for afternoon use or for evening use to 9
p.m.— the library closing hour— but the fee
for evening use beyond that time will be
$2.50. The fees for use of the rooms when
admission is charged or when there is a sale
of goods, as at a fair, will be $3 for an after-
noon and $5 for an evening. The study
rooms at the branches may be used by study
clubs without charge during library hours.
\ charge of $i will be made for such use
after 9 p.m.
LECTURES.
Lectures and night classes. By Agnes F.
Greer. f\-nn. Lib. Notes, O., 1913, p. 38-40.
I-*ctures held under library auspices are
chiefly valuable for publicity, instruction, and
: raging the use of books. The essen-
tials are a good speaker, an interesting sub-
und a suitable time. A suitable room
be prepared, and the lecture well adver-
tised.
DRAMA AMD THF. LIBRARY.
The large library on the' drama now being
red at Indiana University under the di-
n of Dr. William E. Jenkins was sug-
I by Dr. Jenkins as a source for univer-
sity extension work at the November meet-
• f the board of directors of the new In-
dianapolis center of the Drama League of
\ resolution was adopted by the
meeting, authorizing Dr. Jenkins to lay the
project before the university authorities in the
hope that drama study here and throughout
the state, under the direction of the league,
might receive a valuable impetus.
EXHIBITS.
San Bernardino Library at the orange
show. Carrie S. Waters. Bindery Notes,
S.-O., 1913, P- I2-T3-
The librarian prepared an exhibition of all
the books available in the library, or procur-
able, on the citrus plant and its culture, and a
printed booklet containing the list was dis-
tributed at the show. Two months were spent
in preparation of materials, including the
necessary indexing of new as well as old
material, but the popularity of the booth at
the fair, and the subsequent increased use of
the library directly traceable to the exhibit,
justify the effort in the mind of the librarian.
— Library exhibits in Los Angeles. Bindery
Notes, S.-O., 1913, P- n-12-
Describes two successful exhibits. First, a
series of book displays in downtown store
windows, adapting the selection of books to
suit the special business of the different
stores. Second, a display of photographs,
paintings and studies of child life, borrowed
from the outside, was exhibited in the chil-
dren's room to attract attention to the work
of the juvenile department.
Library Development and Cooperation
LIBRARY COOPERATION — NATIONAL.
A national lending library for students.
The Library, O., 1913. p. 353-368.
Discusses a scheme suggested in the Con-
temporary Review for the establishment of
a National Loan Collection in England of
books sufficient for the purposes of research
in all fields of knowledge. The proposal is
that the Bodleian, the University Library,
Cambridge, the Advocates Library, Edin-
burgh, and the libraries of four Scottish uni-
versities and of Sion College, London, be
called upon to lend such books as the new
state authority might require, in considera-
tion of their retention of the copyright priv-
ilege or the annual grant voted in commuta-
tion of that privilege. The writer objects to
the element of compulsion here, and goes on
to point out that in return for the so-called
copyright "privileges" the libraries perform
a very real service in their preservation of
rare and valuable books. Such books, which
cannot be replaced, should not be made liable
to call from all parts of the country. Also
such ease of access to expensive copyrighted
books would result in loss of custom to pub-
lishers, and difficulty in getting serious books
January, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
79
published might result. On the other hand,
great good might result from increased coop-
eration between universities and libraries in
the use of special collections, as is done in
France and Prussia. The National Loan Col-
lection might also act as a depository for
volumes rarely used, and might buy books of
special and limited appeal that individual li-
braries cannot afford. The British Museum
cannot do the work, as its books may not be
circulated. The writer thus sums up his idea
of the proper function of this National Loan
Collection under three heads: (i) mutual
loans, (2) cooperative purchasing, subse-
quently aided by special subsidies, and (3)
gratuitous storage for not wanted books.
LIBRARY COOPERATION — LOCAL.
Library cooperation in a college town.
Walter C. Green. Penn. Lib, Notes, O., 1913,
p. 66-70.
Gives details of one case of actual practical
cooperation. The three libraries of Mead-
ville, Pa., college, theological seminary and
public, have exchanged files of magazines and
sets of books in an effort to group in each
library the publications best suited to its
patrons. Lists of magazines subscribed for
are printed and exchanged, and each library
orders two extra Library of Congress cards
for each new book purchased, the extra cards
to go to the other libraries.
Founding, Developing and Maintaining Interest
FOUNDING LIBRARIES.
Mrs. Elizabeth Earl, of Connersville, Ind.,
a member of the Indiana Public Library Com-
mission, is offering twenty cash prizes, aggre-
gating $150, for the best essays on "Why my
community should establish a public library."
The contest is to be open only to the school
pupils of the ten counties of the state which
are without libraries — Warren, Switzerland,
Starke, Scott, Pike, Ohio, Jennings, Dubois,
Crawford and Brown. The essays must be
mailed to the secretary of the Library Com-
mission before Feb. i, 1914.
LIBRARY ADVERTISING.
The advertiser in the library. By William
E. Martin. Penn, Lib. Notes, O., 1913, p.
21-26.
To bring book and reader together where
the reader is hungry and thirsty for the book
is not difficult. It remains to create more
readers and students out of the masses of the
indifferent. To all associations, educational,
religious, industrial, political and social, read-
ing lists of books of value to their special
fields, should be sent. To officials and em-
ployes in city departments should be sent no-
tices of material bearing on their problems
and policies, and they should be asked to
cooperate in indexing and in bibliography.
Special rates in all newspapers should be ar-
ranged. Teachers in public and Sunday
schools, and leaders of women's clubs, should
indicate their programs for work, that lists of
appropriate books for home-reading may be
prepared. The telephone should be widely
used, and a multigraph used to print postal
card advertisements of new books from plates
furnished by publishers.
The Commercial Club of Omaha, Neb.,
has given some of its advertising space in the
street cars to the public library, to advertise
the sub-stations that are now being established
by the library in various parts of the city.
COOPERATION FROM WOMEN'S CLUBS.
What women's clubs have done for libraries.
Mrs. Samuel Semple. Penn, Lib, Notes, O.,
1913, p. 65-66.
Basic service has been to furnish a large
body of readers, and having provided the
readers, to assist in opening new libraries and
maintaining old ones. Spirit of cooperation
waiting to be shown ways of service.
Libraries and the State
MUNICIPAL RELATIONS.
The report of the committee on the relations
of the public library to the municipality, pre-
sented at the Kaaterskill meeting of the Amer-
ican Library Association Council, has been re-
printed in pamphlet form, and will be supplied
free in reasonable numbers to any librarian or
library board where it may be of service. Its
use is particularly recommended in cities where
the city charter is undergoing revision, or the
form of government is changing, or where for
these or any other reasons the official position
of the library is uncertain or its appropriation
insecure.
Library Support. Funds
LIBRARY TAXES.
Justification of a library tax. N. Y. Libs.,
N., 1913. p. 2-4.
Editorial Discusses the argument ad-
vanced by opponents of a library tax that
those who want the library should pay for it,
and taxes should only be used where they
will be of equal benefit to the whole com-
munity. If tax money were to be so applied,
there would be no taxation, for there is no
public institution, neither schools, museums,
parks, highways, public charities nor admin-
istrative departments, from which all people
So
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[January, 1914
get an equal benefit. But the justification of
any tax is that it is levied for the benefit of
society as a whole, and not for individuals.
A library is entitled to a tax because (i) it
helps every institution and every public en-
:ise of a community; (2) it increases the
material value of property within range of
^', (3) every good book that goes out
from the library carries an influence that pro-
motes thought and intelligence; (4) the li-
brary provides the means by which excep-
tional minds have often found their first
awakening; (5) by providing freely healthful,
attractive reading, society protects itself from
the 'effects of demoralizing books; and (6)
the library thus becomes a means of saving
rather than an expense to taxpayers. The
degree of benefit is measured by the degree of
use, and this depends on the breadth of vision
of those in charge. The librarian must con-
sider those who do not use the library, find
out why they are absent, and then try to en-
Urge the service so that they will be drawn
in.
Library Buildings
Storage and Shelving
CAPACITY.
Shelf capacity. W. R. Eastman. N. Y.
Libs., N., 1913. p. 23.
answer to query for rule for estimat-
helf capacity in stacks and wall cases.
Gives figures for actual number of books a
shelf and section will hold, and also neces-
sary space to allow for expansion.
Government and Service
General
ADMINISTRATION OF SMALL LIBRARIES.
Promoting efficiency in the smaller libra-
ries. Mary L, Davis. AT. Y. Libs., N., 1913,
P. 5-9-
Paper entitled "The incompleat librarian,"
read at the Lake George meeting, Sept. 25.
The balancing of book purchases and library
duties and interests of every sort is one of
the most delicate and interesting things to be
done in the smaller library. In the ideal li-
brary the user, the books, and the librarian
arc in close relation, and this is easier to
bring about in a small library than in a large
one. Books must be selected with unusual
care, and the library made a distributing bu-
reau for the surrounding district. The parcel
post will aid in this. Library cooperation
might be practised more than it is. The
librarian must advertise the ability of the li-
brary to supply all kinds of information, tech-
nical as well as literary. He must also b<
prepared to furnish it to the foreign-born as
well as to the American. Displays of prints
and wild flowers and collections of relics oi
local interest help make the small library a
place to linger in.
Governing Board
TRUSTEES.
Who and what is the library board? Louis
P. Peeke. Wis. Lib. Bull., O., 1913, P- 158-
160.
A whimsical treatment of the functions oi
a library board by a member.
"The library board of the present is com-
posed of certain individuals who are the suc-
cessors of their predecessors. These persons
are not trained librarians, nor are they ex-
perienced librarians. They are nothing bul
creatures concerning whom the law says that
they must report to the common council.
"These creatures are money getters, monej
distributors and expert accountants. They
are electors of the librarian, the assistant li-
brarians and the janitor, and also the fixers
of salaries. They are selecters and purchasers
of books, periodicals and other materials. Ex-
ercising the functions of the police, they must
take account of the theft, mutilation and in-
juring of books, periodicals, furniture and
equipment. ... In conclusion, they are ten
devoted people who have to support and main-
tain and constantly improve a mansion or
castle equipment on a summer cottage in-
come."
Staff
JUNIOR ASSISTANTS.
The problem of the junior assistant. The
Lib. Assistant, D., 1913, p. 234-237.
Two communications. In the first A. Cecil
Piper considers the problem due to the stag-
nation in the profession, and consequent slow
promotion. When the library profession is
properly organized and libraries are estab-
lished in every town, there will be an increase
in opportunity for advancement of junior as-
sistants. In the second letter Arthur Webb
assigns the same cause to the problem, but sees
no practical remedy until libraries are "na-
tionalized," because under present conditions
librarians cannot spend money necessary to
improve junior positions.
Administration
Accession
CHEAP BOOKS.
Pages from a Dutch note book. I. The
cheap book in Holland. Henry A. Sharp,
Lib. World, N., 1913, p. 136-137.
January, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
81
The "Publishing Society for Good and
Cheap Books" is issuing a "World's Library,"
to include the best in every school of thought.
A price system is adopted that is based on a
unit of fourpence, and is increased in mul-
tiples of that sum, the maximum being six
units, equivalent to two shillings. Editions
usually consist of 6000 copies and are often
reprinted. The society has been in existence
for seven years. It publishes a monthly paper,
and twice a year issues a descriptive cata-
log. It also arranges lectures and occasional
theatrical performances, with reduced prices
of admission.
COLLATION.
Irregularities in the make-up of early
printed books. W. Bramley Coupland. Lib.
World, O., 1913- P- 118-119-
The presence of blank half -pages or pages
in the letterpress, lack of exact agreement in
books of the same edition printed in the six-
teenth century, irregularities in watermarks,
use of odd title pages or their omission alto-
gether, and omission of pagination, signatures
and imprints are mentioned.
Cataloging
CATALOGING CODES.
Cataloguing codes. Maurice H. B. Mash.
Part i. The Librarian, N., 1913, p. 135-140.
In making this comparison of the Anglo-
American Code with Cutter's "Rules for a
dictionary catalogue," Mr. Mash says that the
primary distinctive difference between the two
systems is that the code deals only with au-
thor and title entries, while Cutter is a com-
plete code for a dictionary catalog.
The comparison proper is preceded by a
brief historical summary of the origin of the
two systems. In 1900 a committee was ap-
pointed to revise the A. L. A. rules, and in
1902 a similar committee was named to revise
the English rules. It was at the suggestion
of Mr. Dewey that the two committees united
their endeavors and produced the present code,
which was published in 1908.
The first edition of the Cutter rules was
published in 1876. Tlrs was revised and re-
issued several times, the last edition appearing
in 1904. Mr. Cutter explains his reason for
undertaking the work in his preface to the
first edition, where he states that while there
are various rules for an author-catalog, "for
a dictionary catalog as a whole, and for most
of its parts, there is no manual whatever."
Out of the 174 rules in the code, only eight
are printed in two forms, and these all refer
to the question "Under what heading is the
reader most likely to look for a book he is
in search of?"
Following a comparison of the two sets of
rules is an extended comparison of defini-
tions, with many examples cited. A begin-
ning is made of a comparison of the rules
dealing with author and authorship heading,
taking up the first twenty-two of the Code
and the first eighteen in Cutter.
Catalog rules. Pub. Libs., N., 1913, p. 397.
A statement of six points specially empha-
sized at the meeting of the catalog section at
Kaaterskill.
CATALOGING, COOPERATIVE.
Local cooperative cataloging. F. Helliwell.
Lib. World, O., 1913. p. 99-102.
Cooperative cataloging is closely allied to
bibliography. Literary workers would re-
joice to see a great catalog or bibliography
which indexed the world's output of books
since the invention of printing. Cooperation
in cataloging the books in the world's libra-
ries would be the base of such a project, a
cooperative catalog indexing books contained
in two or more libraries. A phase of coop-
erative cataloging likely to receive more at-
tention in the future is the centralization of
cataloging work to prevent useless duplica-
tion of effort.
In America the Library of Congress re-
ceives and catalogs every copyrighted book
published in the United States, and all libra-
ries may buy the printed cards resulting. A
few years after this was found practicable,
Mr. L. Stanley Jast prepared and published a
scheme for establishing a cataloging bureau
for public libraries of England. It has never
been adopted. However, a good "Classified
catalogue of books on architecture and the
allied arts in the principal libraries of Man-
chester and Salford," including eleven libra-
ries, was published in 1909. The classifica-
tion is according to the Dewey system, and
letters after each entry indicate the library
owning the book. The production of similar
cooperative catalogs on the textile industries,
mining, shipbuilding and other great indus-
tries is urged, by which the usefulness of
public libraries will be increased. The estab-
lishment of county bureaus, to centralize cat-
aloging, and also other branches of library
work, in a given area, is also suggested.
PRINTED GUIDES.
Printed guides for library catalogs. Jean
Hawkins. N. Y. Libs., N., 1913, P- 23-24.
Use of Library Bureau guide cards not
advocated for small library, being too com-
plicated and also too expensive.
82
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[January, 191
Classification
RECLASSIPICATION.
A problem and a solution. Fannie E.
Lowes. Pen*. Lib. Notes, O., 1913, p. 75-77.
The problem was a non-elastic classifica-
in which the mistake of fixed location
had been made. The solution was started by
employing an expert organizer to reclassify
the books by the Dewey system and make the
shelf -list cards only. The accessioning was
done by the librarian, and the handling of
the books by student assistants. The library
has 23,000 books. In four months and a half
7655 books and thousands of pamphlets were
finished. The main catalog, beyond changing
the numbers on the cards, will not be touched
till the other work is finished.
LIBRARY OP CONGRESS CLASSIFICATION.
The Library of Congress classification.
Reginald Ernest Smith. Lib. World, N., 1913,
p. 130-136.
A paper read before the South Cove
Branch of the Library Assistants' Association
at Hove, 1913. The paper is divided into
three parts: (i) the history of the classifica-
tion; (2) a description of it; (3) a critical
survey of the schedules and notation.
Binding and Repair
BINDING.
Efficiency in the bindery. Bindery Talk,
S.-O., 1913, p. 1-2.
An editorial discussing materials, methods
and workmanship, with some detail. Urges
that libraries by adopting some uniform stand-
ards of quality of binding materials, of size
and thickness of boards for covers, etc.,
would make it possible for manufacturers to
supply "parts prepared ready for use, thus in-
suring quality of materials, lessening their
cost, simplifying labor of assembling, and
rontributing to better workmanship by the
uniformity of material used."
-The A. L. A. bookbinding committee re-
plies. Bindery Notes, S.-O., 1913, p. 4-5.
Under this heading is a letter from A. L.
chairman of the committee, in answer
to criticism in Bindery Notes. In it he states
thr purpose of the committee to be to help
librarian* with definite information about in-
dividual binders, rather than to attempt to
solve the "bookbinding problem."
— Binding newspapers. Bindery Notes, S.-
O.. 1913, P. 3
Newspapers for binding should be kept
away from heat, light and moisture. A con-
nt box with a lid is recommended. Bet-
and cheaper— to subscribe for a duplicate
file than to try to bind worn copies from th
reading room.
PAPER.
A talk on paper was the first of a series o
illustrated talks on "Bookbinding" being give
to the library training class of the Los Ar
geles Public Library. A synopsis of it i
printed in the September-October number o
Bindery Notes. The methods of manufac
ture are outlined, qualities of different kind
of paper are discussed, and the basis of dur
ability in paper is indicated.
Shelf
SHELF DEPARTMENT WORK.
A note on the preservation of order on th<
shelves of an open library. Maud E. Grif
fiths. Lib. World, O., 1913. p. 116.
To prevent the borrower from returning z
volume to the wrong place on the shelf aftei
examining, he is handed a marker as h<
passes to the shelves. The marker is a wood-
en slip 10x3^ in., on which is pasted a
printed slip requesting him to insert it in the
place occupied by any book taken down for
examination.
Care of Building. Janitor Service
LIBRARY HOUSEKEEPING.
Library housekeeping. Bertha Marx. Wis.
Lib. Bull, O., 1913, p. 160-161.
Statement of practice in Sheboygan (Wis.)
Library. Books are kept upright and stand
at extreme edge of shelves. Mending is done
once a week and rebinding as often as neces-
sary. All books are returned to shelves every
day, and shelves read once or twice a week.
Plants are selected with care and kept in good
condition. All furniture is washed and rubbed
with furniture polish yearly. Floors are
swept daily, washed every two weeks, and
oiled once a year. All books are thoroughly
dusted once a year.
"There is free access to every part of the
library, from the reference books upstairs to
the unbound magazines filed in well-labeled
gray boxes in the basement. The public has
little difficulty in finding what it wants be-
cause everything has a place. For the same
reason the staff can find anything that is
called for with ease and rapidity. Quick and
efficient service is the result of systematic
order.
"I am positive that our very quality of neat-
ness endears us to the public. For instance,
when on a snowy day a broom is kept in the
lobby, every one seems glad to brush the snow
from his shoes before entering the reading
room. On a rainy day the paper we wrap
January, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
'83
about the books, to protect them as we give
them out, is much appreciated."
Libraries on Special Subjects
BUSINESS LIBRARIES.
The income of the Frank Murphy $10,000
bequest to the public library at Qmaha is to
be expended for books that will be of value
to the business man.
MEDICAL LIBRARIES.
About 300 of the newest and most author-
itative medical books have been brought to-
gether for reference use in the public library
at Newburgh. The idea of the reference
library for physicians originated among
the medical men of Newburgh, and each
physician places on the shelves" one volume
annually, the works to be shelved being desig-
nated by a committee. It will be to the med-
ical profession what the law library is to the
attorneys. The room is not open to the vis-
itor, except on application to the librarian,
who will supply the key.
General Libraries
For Special Classes
BLIND, READING FOR THE.
The Chicago Public Library, in cooperation
with the Conference of Jewish Women's Or-
ganizations, initiated a series of readings to
the blind in all the branches of the public
library early in December. The names of 200
blind persons were collected by the committee
in charge and invitations to attend the meet-
ings were sent to them.
PRISON LIBRARIES.
The selection of books for prison libraries.
Florence Rising Curtis. Pub. Libs., N., 1913,
P- 367-370.
The men and women in prisons are read-
ing from three to five times as many books
as are the people in any community where
libraries are easily accessible. Along certain
lines books will furnish information of spe-
cial value to the prisoner. Those on business,
agriculture and the trades are available in
many prisons and are eagerly read. Books
designed to teach English to the foreign-born,
arithmetics, scientific books, geographies, and
histories are also valuable. Prisoners are
peculiarly dependent on books for their recrea-
tion, but the libraries in many of our prisons
are so largely the result of a lack of intelli-
gent aim and wise selection that many of the
books must have a bad influence upon the
prisoners. Trashy novels, modern novels of
the school represented by Robert Chambers,
the endless — and worthless — series of boys'
books like "The Darewell chums" and "The
Rover boys," novels making criminals attrac-
tive, and hosts of detective stories, are all to
be found in prison libraries, and all are harm-
ful. There are also books of a more serious
nature, written to advance a theory or teach
a doctrine, which are dangerous because of
their bias.
FOREIGNERS, WORK WITH.
A new library activity. Pub. Libs., N.,
1913, P- 371-
An outline of the work just inaugurated
by the Public Library Commission of Massa-
chusetts among the foreign-born. A director
has been appointed who will endeavor to place
books in foreign languages and in simple
English where aliens will have easy access to
them, and traveling libraries in foreign lan-
guages will be started.
Miss J. M. Campbell, director of educa-
tional work for aliens under the Massachu-
setts Free Public Library Commission, in an
address before the literature and library ex-
tension committee of the Massachusetts State
Federation of Women's Clubs, summed up
the work of her department as follows :
"The only way we can reach large colonies
of foreigners is by placing in their hands
certain facts of our history, ideals of Amer-
ican life and some knowledge of our
standards of living in their own language.
Many of them are too old to acquire a new
language, and we want to reach them
through our libraries. It will be necessary to
make a survey of the different sections, and
the clubs can help, not only by seeing to it
that there are books of practical value in
foreign languages, but that the foreigner, for
whom they are intended, knows that they are
available. It is patriotic work and an oppor-
tunity to inspire and help them to receive
high ideals of American citizenship."
School Libraries
SCHOOL LIBRARIES.
District school libraries and the rural li-
brary problem. N. Y. Libs., N., 1913- P- I2'
13-
Report presented at the Lake George meet-
ing of the N. Y. L. A. in September by the
committee on reading in rural communities.
A questionnaire was sent to the 207 district
superintendents, of whom 112 replied, repre-
senting 5626 schools. All but 52 have libra-
ries, averaging from 50 to 200 volumes ; 4015
libraries are free to public, but few are so used.
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[January, 1914
All districts use the list issued by the School
Libraries Division. In many districts chil-
dren receive certificates for reading from 3
to 10 books each year. In 564 schools help
is received from the nearest library. Clubs
covering two or more counties have been
formed by superintendents for discussion of
work. Why should not librarians attend
these meetings and superintendents attend li-
brary meetings, making good books more ac-
cessible to rural communities?
Reading and Aids
Work with Children
CHILDMN, WORK WITH.
Crab work with boys and girls. By Emma
R. Engle. Pen*. Lib. Notes, O., 1913, P- 36-38.
To attract and hold the boys and girls from
fourteen to eighteen, who are employed dur-
ing the day, the Philadelphia library founded
its self-governing clubs. Committees from the
clubs confer with the leaders at first as to
selection of material to be used for reading,
and later formation of debating clubs usually
follows.
A concerted effort is to be made by the
school authorities, assisted by the teachers
and the officials of the Providence Library,
to increase the interest of pupils in the local
elementary schools in independent reading. A
committee consisting of one teacher from
each of the primary and grammar grades has
been chosen by the teachers to go through the
children's books at the library and compile
the requisite lists. As fast as these lists are
completed, they will be printed and distrib-
uted among the school children. There will
be general lists and special lists for the work
of each grade. The books on these lists will
be kept in the children's room at the library,
n they may be consulted at any time, and
other copies will be available for loan pur-
poses with the use of a student's card. The
school authorities arc of the opinion that
ren, especially in the grammar and high
schools, need but little encouragement to do
•Icrablc reading outside their school
They believe also that the best way to
provide this encouragement is to make up
v lists of books on different subjects,
which will indicate to the children which
they will find most useful and most in-
mff. A list of history references, giving
the author, title and library number of nearly
loo children's books on historical subjects.
ilready been compiled and issued in
printed form, and reference lists on many
other subjects will be made up within a short
time.
Pertinent questions relating to what libra-
ries may do for children are given in the last
A. L. A. Bulletin as follows: Are we plac-
ing our attractive children's rooms, clean and
orderly, adorned with flowers and fine pic-
tures, where they may be readily seen from
the street, where picture books placed in the
windows may vie in alluring powers with the
nickel-novel window displays? Is it not pos-
sible for the library to make permanent what-
ever good, though fleeting, impression may be
made by educational pictures or pictures from
great books, by cooperating with the picture
shows and being ready to supply to the chil-
dren copies of the stories, nature books, or
histories to which the children may have been
attracted by the motion pictures? The hours
when working children, those engaged in gain-
ful occupations, and those who are helping in
the homes, are free for recreation, are in the
evening and on Sunday. Are we placing our
most skilled workers on duty at these times,
and are we opening our story hours and read-
ing clubs on Sunday afternoons,' when these
children are most receptive of good things,
when the children are dressed in their good
clothes, their self-respect is high and they are
free from responsibility?
CHILDREN'S READING.
Children's books for Christmas purchase.
Marion Humble. Wis. Lib. Bull., O., 1913,
p. 165-171.
A list of books suitable for Christmas pur-
chase, containing chiefly books of permanent
value that every child should own. The books
are classified under the headings: For little
children, Picture books, Song books, For older
children, Books for girls, Books for boys, and
Series. Author, title, publisher and price are
given in each case, as well as a keyed refer-
ence to such lists as the A. L. A. catalog and
Booklist, where descriptive annotation may be
found.
STORY TELLING.
The story hour. By Helen G. Betterly.
Penn. Lib. Notes, O., 1913, p. 32-34.
If the motive of having a story hour is to
advertise the library, then let the librarian go
to the schools. The ideal story hour is where
the children gather round the story teller in
an easy group and listen with spontaneous
feeling to the tale. This, if it can be ar-
ranged without a disproportionate expendi-
ture of time and labor, should be attempted
in an effort to accomplish as much good for
January, I9J4]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
the child as possible, and to accomplish it by
means of books.
A story-telling contest for children is soon
to be inaugurated in the public library at
Fort Worth, Tex. Books will be given to
the two children who tell the best stories.
They must make their own selection of tales,
and be prepared to give their reasons for
their choice.
PHONOGRAPH.
A new story-teller. Wis. Lib. Bull, O.,
1913, P- 179-
Tells how a phonograph is used in a Mil-
waukee library for the story hour.
AMATEUR THEATRICALS.
Folk-tales and other stories which may be
dramatized and played by children. Bull, of
Carnegie Lib. of Pittsburgh, D., 1913, p. 506-
508.
A list arranged to bring first on the list
those for youngest children and those most
easily dramatized.
Literary Methods
General
MAGAZINES, SIZE OF.
Magazines. M. F. C. Wis. Lib. Bull, O.,
1913, p. 178.
Discussion of the relative merits of the
large and small page, occasioned by the re-
cent change in format of several leading
weeklies. From a librarian's point of view.
Library Appliances
LIBRARY SUPPLIES.
A list of good places to buy library sup-
plies, recommended by the older libraries of
California, is printed in the October number
of News Notes of California Libraries.
Bibiio$rapbical IRotes
THE paper on "Efficiency and bibliographical
research," which Mr. Aksel G. S. Josephson,
of the John Crerar Library, read at the Jan-
uary ( 1913) meeting of the Bibliographical So-
ciety of America, has been reprinted in pam-
phlet form. During the months of January,
February and March, 1914, Mr. Josephson will
give a series of lectures in the John Crerar
Library on bibliography and the use of ref-
ence books, as part of a course of lectures on
"Books and libraries."
AT the meeting of the American Library
Institute in New York, on Dec. i, M. Paul
Otlet. secretary of the Union of International
Associations, exhibited one of the new motion-
picture books. Dr. Otlet took the four hun-
dred page book from his pocket, where men
generally carry watches— a tiny roll two
inches in length and an inch in diameter.
The new invention is called a Biblophote and
was perfected by Robert Goldschmidt and Dr.
Otlet. The film is introduced into a small ma-
chine and the pages, magnified 500 times, are
thrown on a screen.
THE University of Illinois Library has re-
cently issued a 2o-page bulletin entitled "Books
of Jewish interest in the Library of the Uni-
versity of Illinois." This list, compiled by Dr.
D. S. Blondheim, of the Romance department
of the University and prepared for the press
by the library staff, contains some five hundred
titles alphabetically arranged, and is intended
mainly to help those using the University li-
brary who may be interested in Jewish litera-
ture and history, and who may have difficulty
in finding all the books on that subject now in
the library. For this reason call numbers are
given with each title. The nucleus of the col-
lection is formed by the books bought during
the past year from the fund given for this pur-
pose by District Grand Lodge No. 6 of the
Independent Order of B'nai B'rith ; there have
been added a number of books presented to the
library by individual members of the same or-
der, and a number purchased by the library, so
that a very good beginning of a collection of
Jewish books has been made.
IRecent Bibliographies
GENERAL
FITZPATRICK, John T. Recent New York state publi-
cations of interest to libraries. N. Y, Libs. N.,
1913. p. 15-16.
BOOKS of 1912; cumulated from the Book Bulletin
of the Chicago Public Library. Chicago, 1913.
in p. O.
OVITZ, Delia G. Course in reference work and some
bibliographies of special interest to teachers. Mil-
waukee, Wis., State Normal School. 38 p. (bibls.)
O. pap.
CLASSIFIED catalogue of the Carnegie Library of Pitts-
burgh, 1907-1911. Part in., Natural science ana
useful arts; Part iv., Fine arts; Part v., Literature.
Pittsburgh, Carnegie Library, 1913. 713-1276, In p.;
1277-1490, xix p.; 1491-1732, xxii p. O.
PSEUDONYMS
PSEUDONYMS of California authors. News Notes of
Col. Libs. O., 1913- P- 387-389- ... ..
Supplements the list printed in the same publicatio
in April, 1912.
FOR SPECIAL CLASSES
CHILDREN. Books for a child's library. Washington,
D. C., The Public Library, 1913- *5 P- T.
. Books for Christmas for the children. Brooklyn.
N. Y., Pratt Institute Free Library, 1913- «* P. u-
Jordan, Alice M., comp. A list of books for boys
and girls in the Public Library of the city of Bos-
ton. Boston, 1913- no p. Q.
86
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[January, 1914
FABM WOHEJI. Some good book, for farm women.
Library leaflet no. 5, »•»»«<» bX *« MaaMchusettt
AfTicultural College. Amherst. Maa... 1913- O.
HOAMTAI. LisaAUES. Jones, Edith Kathleen. A thou-
iSd book, for the bosp.tal library ; •elected from
,be sheJHUt of the library of tfcLean H«Pital.
Wavcrky, Massachusetts. Chicago, A. L. A. 1 ub.
Board. 1913. 56 P. O.
SUBJECT BIBLIOGRAPHIES
AnovAOtttt. Lufuchiffahrt (aeronautics, raeronau-
tiqoc). 1503-1913. Katalog 153. Munich, Ludwlg
Koaenthal. 1913- 95 P. O.
AraiCA. Africana: history, geography, travels, etc.
London. Eugene L. Monce, 1913 60 p. O.
AaiiOKA. Lutrell, Estelle, comp. A bibliographical
li*t of booka. pamphlet* and articles on Arizona m
the University of Arizona Library. Tucson, Ariz.,
1913. 60 p. O.
ASIA. BJbliotheca Asiatics 11. Vorder- und Central-
Mien. Frankfurt a. M.. Joseph Baer & Co.. .913-
>43 P- O.
AUSTKALIA AKD TASMANIA. List of works in the New
York Public Library relating to the aborigines of
Australia and Tasmania. (In Bulletin of the New
York Public Library, November, 1913. P- 876929-
Q->
Btustsi. Vedder. E: Bright. Beriberi; il. by nu-
merous engravings and by 5 colored plates. New
York. Wood. c. 8+427 P. (53 P- bibl.) O. $4.
Biau. A list of books treating upon the Holy
Scriptures and early cognate literature. London,
Charles Highsm & Son, 1913. 40 p. O.
CAHADA. Wrong. George M., and Wallace, W. Stew-
art. fdt. Review of historical publications relating
to Canada. Toronto. Univ. Pr.. 1913. 240 p. Q.
CATBOI ic AUTHORS. Gardner, Jane E-, comp. Books
by Catholic authors in the New Bedford Public
Library. 1913. New Bedford, E. Anthony & Sons,
Inc.. 1913- 38 p. Q.
CHEMICAL TICMWOLOCY. Goodenough, G: A., and
r. W: E. The properties of saturated and
•
advance sheets.) pap.
superheated ammonia vapor. Urbana, 111 , Univ. of
111. 94 p. (3 p. bibl.) tabs., charts, O. (Univ. of
III . Engineering Experiment Sta. bull.) pap., 50 c.
CNIWISTIY. Benson. H: K. Industrial chemistry for
engineering students. New York, Macmillan. c.
< p. (bibls.) il. tabs., diagrs. D. $1.90 n.
CHtMisivr AMD ENGiNEEKiNG. Gary Public Library.
List of books on electricity, civil engineering, me-
chanical engineering, chemical technology, and
chemistry. 36 p. T.
CHRISTIANITY. Ballard. Rev. Fk. The miracles of
Popular ed. (the 8th). New York,
16+382 p. (7 1-3 p. bibl.) D. pap.,
CKVMCH m»Toir. Ayer, Jos. Cullen. A source book
for ancient church history, from the apostolic age
to the close of the conciliar period. New York,
Scribner. c. 21+707 P. (3 P. bibl.) 8e. $3.
CHtmcn SCHOOLS. Atheam. W. S. Intermediate de-
partment of the church school. DCS Moines, la.,
Drake Univ. c. 24 p. (3 P. bibl.) D. (Outline
studies of the depts. of the church school.) 35 c.
CHtr«cH umTf. Chew. Clara, comp. Church unity.
(In St. Louit Public Library Bulletin, N., 1913.
p. 281 a8a. Q.)
PLAN KING. f works relating to city
planning and allied subjects. (In Bulletin of the
New York Public Library, November, 1913, p. 930-
960 Q.)
COCOA - ei to coconuts and coco-
nut products in the public documents division of
ry. (In Bulletin of the Phil-
••pt., 1913. p. 9-i2, Q.)
Co-pratATinw. Sinclair. J. F. Report upon co-opera-
tion and marketing; pt. t. Agricultural co-opera-
c
Wash D. C., Gov. Pr. Off. 77 P- (4 P- bibl.)
O. (U. S. Bu. of Educ. bull., 1913, n°- 43, whole
no. 553-)
COWBOY DIALECT. L^t.of books containing cowboy
dialect. (In St. Louis P. L. Bull., N., 1913. P-
285. Q.)
TUAVFN LADY Craven, Eliz., Baroness, (.Margravine
CyrSUpSS: «n* Bayreuth and Princess Berkeley)
The beautiful Lady Craven; the original memoirs
of Elizabeth Baroness Craven, afterwards Margra-
vine of Anspach and Bayreuth and Princess Berke-
ley of the Holy Roman Empire &**•£*)• ed
with notes and a biographical and historical mtrod.
containing much unpublished matter by A. M.
Broadley and Lewis Melville; with 48 illustrations.
In 2 v. New York, J. Lane. 143+141; 10+306 p.
(4 p. bibl.) O. $7- 50 n.
ENTERTAINMENTS. Home festivals; a reference lit on
Hallowe'en, Thanksgiving, and Christmas. River-
side, Cal., Riverside Public Library, 1913- 48. p. 5-
FINE ARTS. Kunst-Katalog. Kupferstiche und illus-
trierte Werke des xix. Jahrhunderts. Antiquanats-
Katalog no. 107. Basel, Georg & Co., 1913- 38 p.
O.
GENEALOGY. Catalogue of genealogies and Americana,
duplicates from the New Hampshire Historical So-
ciety, together with a portion of the genealogical
library of J. Henry Lea, genealogist. Boston, C. F.
Libbie & Co., 1913. 164 p. O.
- Gray's family history catalogue; containing familv
histories, special genealogies, printed and ms. pedfc
grees, peerage claims, etc. London, Henry Gray,
1913- 48 P. O.
GEOGRAPHY. Allgemeine Geographic, Ethnographic,
Weltreisen; mit besonderer Uerucksichtigung des
Orients, zugleich Bibliotheca Asiatica i. Frankfurt
a. M., Joseph Baer & Co., 1913. 1.54 P- °-
GERMANY. Norddeutschland. Lagerkatalog 157. Os-
nabruck, Ferdinand Schoningh, 1913. 74 P- °-
GOLDONI. Chatfield-Taylor, Hobart Chatfield. Go!-
doni; a biography; il. from the paintings of Pietro
and Alessandro Longhi. New York, Duffield. c.
17+695 p. (23 p. bibl.) $4 n.
HISTORY. History Department of Vassar College.
Suggestions for the year's study; History i. 4th
ed., rev. Poughkeepsie, N. Y., Vassar Coll. c. '05-
29 p. (bibls.) charts, plans, O. pap., 25 c.
HOLY SPIRIT. Thomas, W. H. Griffith, D,D. The
Holy Spirit of God. New York, Longmans. 16+
3<>3 P- (3/4 P. bibl.) D. $1.75 n.
HOUSING. Josephson, A. G. S., ed. The housing
problem; literature in central Chicago libraries.
Chicago, Chicago School of Civics and Philanthropy,
1913. 40 p. O.
HYGIENE. Delano, Jane A., and Mclsaac, Isabel.
American Red Cross textbook on elementary hy-
giene and home care of the sick; prepared for and
indorsed by the American Red Cross. Phil., Blak-
iston. c. 15+256 p. (8 p. bibl.) il. D. $i n.
ICELAND. List of books and essays relating to mod-
ern Icelandic literature (since ca. 1550). (In
Islandica; an Annual Relating to Iceland, v. 6,
p. 65-69, O.)
INCUNABULA. An illustrated catalogue of remarkable
incunabula, many with woodcuts, and a specimen of
an unknown xylographical press. London, Wilfrid
M. Voynich, 1913. 178 p. O.
- Guida del Museo del Libro con indice biblior
grafico dei facsimili degli incunaboli. Torino, R.
Scuola Tipografica e di Arti Affini, 1913. 163 p. D.
January, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
IN IMA Catalogue of books relating to India and
'neighbouring countries: travel history, language,
literature, etc. London, George Salby, 1913- 24 P-
O.
Catalogue of books relating to India and neigh-
bouring countries: travel, history, language, litera-
tu?e, etc. London, George Salby, 1913- 24 p. O.
H-ws List of works [in the New York Public Li-
brary] relating to the history and condition of the
Tews in various countries. In four parts. (In
Bulletin of the New York Public Library, July-
October, 1913- Q-)
Baldwin, E: C. Our modern debt to Israel
Boston, Sherman, French, c. 219 p. (6^4 p. bibl.)
D. $J.2S «.
T ABOR ORGANIZATIONS. Brissendcn, Paul F. Launch-
f the Industrial Workers of the World.
Berkeley, Cal., Univ. of Cal. 82 p. (29 p. bibl.)
Q, (Pubs, in economics.) pap. 75 c.
LAW. Catalogue of a valuable collection of old
American law books, the property of John Thomp-
son Brown, Esq., of Evington, Va., including rare
early Virginia session laws, journals of the House
of Burgesses, proceedings of the Convention of
Virginia Delegates, 1776 (the original edition), etc.
New York, Mer\vin Sales Co., 1913. 30 p. O.
MEDICINE. A list of current medical periodicals and
allied serials in the John Crerar Library. 2d ed.,
April, 1913- Chicago,i9i3. 32 p. Q.
MINIMUM WAGE. Williamson, C. C. The minimum
wage: a preliminary list of selected references. (In
Bulletin of the New York Public Library, August,
1913- Q-)
Music. Nicholson, F. Bentley, comp. List of songs,
duets, and vocal methods in the Henry Watson
music library [of the Manchester, Eng., Public
Libraries]. Manchester, 1913. 294 p. S.
• Russell, John F., comp. List of chamber music
in the Henry Watson music library [of the Man-
chester, Eng., Public Libraries]. Manchester, 1913.
J43 P. S.
• Russell, John F., comp. List of compositions
for the pianoforte in the Henry Watson music
library [of the Manchester, Eng., Public Libraries].
Manchester, 1913. 71 p. S.
NAPOLION. [Catalogue of] the valuable collection of
manuscripts, autographs, books, portraits, and other
interesting material, mainly relating to Napoleon
Bonaparte and the French Revolution, the property
of Warren C. Crane, Esq., a merchant of old New
York. New York, Amer. Art Assn., 1913. no
paging. O.
Das Zeitalter Napoleon i. Politische und
Kulturgeschichte, Autographen, Bticher, Flugblatter,
Portrats, liistorische Darstellungen, Militarkostume,
1780-1830. Leipzig, Karl W. Hiersemann, 1913-
102 p. O.
NOYES, ALFRED. Tracey, Catharine S., comp. Bib-
liography of Alfred Noyes. (In New York Library
Club Bulletin, N., 1913. 2 p. Q.)
ORIENT. Bucher-Katalog 359. Der alte Orient; He-
braica und Judaica; Assyrisch und Babylonisch,
Phonizisch-kanaanitische Philologie und Archaolo-
gie; das alte Arabien; enthaltend u. a. einen Teil
der reichhaltigen Bibliothek von t Hofrat Prof. Dr.
David Heinrich von Muller in Wien. Leipzig,
Otto Harrassowitz, 1913. 114 p. O.
PERIODICALS. List of serials in the University of
California Library. Berkeley, Univ. of California
Press, 1913. 266 p. O.
PHILIPPINE LANGUAGES. Artigas, Manuel. List of
works in the Filipiniana division [of the Philippine
Library] relating to the study of the linguistics of
the Philippine Islands. Parts iv, vi. (In Bulletin
of the Philippine Library, July, September, 1913.
p- 15-19, Q-)
PHILOSOPHY. Philosophic, enthaltend einen Teil der
Bibliothek des t geheimen Oberschulrats Dr. Gus-
tav Wendt. Katalog 615. Frankfurt a. M., Joseph
Baer & Co., 1913. 194 p. O.
PRAYER. Boggis, Rev. R. J. Edm. Praying for the
dead; an historical review of the practice. New
York, Longmans. 14+272 p. (6 p. bibl.) D. $1.25 n.
PSYCHOLOGY, EDUCATIONAL. Burnham, William H., ed.
Bibliographies on educational psychology. Worces-
ter, Mass., Clark Univ. Pr., 1913. 44 p. O.
RELIGIONS. Bennett, Florence Mary. Religious cults
associated with the Amazons. New York, [Columbia
Univ.]. 5+79 p. (3 p. bibl.) 8°. (Studies in clas-
sical philology.)
ROADS. Watkins, Sloan D., comp. Good roads; an
annotated list of books and articles on road-build-
ing and maintenance, in the St. Louis Public Li-
brary. (In St. Louis P. L. Bull., N., 1913. p. 283-
284- Q.)
SCHNITZLER, ARTHUR. Henderson, Archibald. Ar-
thur Schnitzler (1862- ); a bibliography; transla-
tions, productions, and criticism in English. (In
the Bulletin of Bibliography, Oct., 1913. p. 155-156,
Q.)
SOCIOLOGY. Wisconsin Woman's Suffrage Associa-
tion — Education Committee. Social forces; a top-
ical outline, with bibliography. [Madison, Wis.?]
1913- 83 p. O.
TECHNOLOGY. Technical books of 1912: a selection.
Brooklyn, Pratt Institute Free Library, 1913. 28 p.
D.
- A selected list of books [in the New York Public
Library] on engineering, industrial arts and trades.
New York, 1913. 81 p. Q.
THEOLOGY. Catalogue of books in theology and its
neighbour-lands: English and foreign. Part i. A-
Bible-Ha. London, Henry Sotheran & Co., 1913-
64 p. O.
- Bucher-Katalog 360. Historische Theologie,
enthaltend u. a. die umfangreiche Bibliothek eines
sehr bekannten Leipziger Theologen. Leipzig, Otto
Harrassowitz, 1913. 174 p. O.
- A catalogue of miscellaneous theological books.
London, Charles Higham & Son, 1913. 40 p. O.
TRAVEL. [Catalogue of] voyages and travels, toppgra-
S*iy and heraldry, natural history. London, Maggs
ros., 1913. 192 P. O.
TYPEWRITER. Gamble, William B., comp. List of
works in the New York Public Library relating to
the development and manufacture of typewriting
machines. New York, 1913. 18 p. Q.
VEGETABLES. Books on vegetable gardening. Library
leaflet no. 4, issued by the Massachusetts Agricul-
tural College. Amherst, Mass., 1913- O.
VETERINARY MEDICINE. Lauder, G. D. Veterinary
toxicology. Chicago, A. Eger. 12+312 p. (3 P-
bibl.) O. hf. leath., $2.50 n.
VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE. Vocational guidance; a se-
lected list for parents, and teachers and pupils of
the FHchburg High School. Fitchburg, Mass., Pub-
lic Library, 1913- 3 P- Q-
WESTERN STATES. [Catalogue of] books and pamphlets
relating to the western states. New York, Daniel
H. Newhall, 1913- 30 p. O.
WILLIAM n. Catalogue of a collection of books re-
lating to Emperor William 11. of Germany, pre-
sented to the New York Public Library by Dr.
J
P
en
ohn A. Mandel. (In Bulletin of the New York
ublic Library, November, 1913- P- 869-875. U-)
WISCONSIN. Thwaites, Reuben Gold, and Nunns,
Annie Amelia. Check-list of publications of the
{State Historical] Society [of Wisconsin]. 56 P- O-
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[January, 1914
tmmors anfr Blunbcrg
CATALOGS AS THEY ARE MADE
THK following titles are taken verbatim from
the typewritten catalog of the library of one
of the state prisons in this country:
Allen. The middle of the pasture.
Choir invincible.
Bennett. Dewey the audacious [George or
Melvil?)
PheJp*. The struggle for immorality.
Barrie. A widow in Thrums.
Field. Love affairs of a Biblemaniac.
Hugo. The hunch of the Notre Dame.
Mitchell. The pines of glory.
Ray. The dominant stain.
Kingston. Peter the wailer.
Stoddard. The sword makes the son.
Crowded out o* Cornfield.
Thanet. Knitters in the Seine.
Vance. The destroying angle.
ZangwilL The celebrates club.
Lamb. Assays of Elia.
LIBRARY EXAMINATIONS
Faoy time to time Edmund Lester Pearson,
who conducts the "Librarian" column which
appears every Wednesday in the Boston
Transcript, lightens the tedium of routine
by preparing new items of interest re-
to the Ezra Beesly Free Public Library
of Baxter. Such an item appeared in a No-
vember issue, in the form of an advertisement
for a library assistant, to which was ap-
pended a sample list of questions such as the
applicant might be expected to answer. We
reprint the advertisement and examination
paper, together with the answers as published
about a month later:
^•v ASSISTANT WANTED. Only those with a
kaowlrds* of Eoglbh fiction need apply. Examina-
tion af candidate* will be held Monday; Nov. 17, at 9
• s». For permission to take the examination ad-
rnelosint: rrfrrrnces, the Ezra Beesly Free
Library of Baxter.
fSo*.— As Urta examination is held to fill • va-
• •COO0 department, the paper will contain
' fP £35 J5S°t A §p*JlT!.n paper' for the
ites, is printed below by courtesy
' '' -v";
FICTION EXAMINATION
carefully. Remember that some
may havr n.orc thin one correct
will be gi»en for any answer
credit
of fiction does the illustrator
of the author (a celebrated
thcir central
ni^r^n«i5!SSf^i.V> £ l£rtl?/eji In *»•"*•«: («>
Job£KdU_(b) 5 S' ««CIure; (c) Grover
Trvrland:(d) Oscar Wilde; (e) Leigh Hunt; (f)
; • ?«J«fc"£r: '*> Kin* Edward VII • (h)
Charles Town«end Copeland: (i) Whistler;
g> fftg*""" n'"«l': <><> Rudyard fcipling; (I) R.
4. What novel takes its title from the name of a
5. &i what works of fiction do the following char-
acters appear: Sailor Ben? Godfrey Ablewhite? Miss
Prosa?
6. What work of fiction so closely imitated a biog-
raphy as to be classified and cataloged with the biog-
raphies in a number of libraries?
7. The titles of what two novels occur, without im-
portant change, in Cowper's poem on Alexander Sel-
kirk? (The poem beginning "I am monarch of all
I survey.")
8. Name four novels which have much to do with
prize-fighters and prize-fighting.
9. The plot of what novel hinges on the difference
between the Russian calendar and that used in Eng-
land, i.e., between the Julian and the Gregorian cal-
endars?
10. Of what novel, by a New York editor, was it
asserted in a literary monthly that it had been "sup-
pressed" or boycotted by some mysterious influences,
because offensive to capitalism?
11. What novel contains, as padding, an interesting
account of the Zulu war?
12. What novelist appears to hold the record for
titles taken from Shakespeare?
13. What recent novel of New York life is said to
contain many real characters, thinly disguised; to deal
with actual incidents of recent occurrence; and even
to report genuine conversations between the charac-
ters?
These are the answers to the fiction exam-
ination :
1. Kipling's "Stalky & Co."
2. "The golden bottle," by Ignatius Donnelly;
"The golden flood," by Edwin Lefevre; "The doings of
Raffles Haw," by A. Conan Doyle.
3. (a) "Iole,'r by Robert W. Chambers; (b) "The
wrecker," by R. L. Stevenson and Lloyd Osbourne;
(c) "The Honorable Peter Stirling," by P. L. Ford;
(d) "The green carnation," by Robert Hichens; (e)
"Bleak House"; (f) "The metropolis," by Upton
Sinclair: (g) "An affair of state," by J. C. Snaith;
(h) "The diary of a freshman," by C. M. Flandrau;
(i) "Trilby," as published serially; (j) "Quisante,"
by Anthony Hope; (k) "The adventurer," by Lloyd
Osbourne; (1) "The amazing marriage," by George
Meredith.
4. "Lady Baltimore."
5- "The story of a bad boy"; "The moonstone";
Tale of two cities."
6. "Life of John William Walshe," by Montgomery
Carmichael.
7. "In the midst of alarms," by Robert Barr; "The
wings of the dove," by Henry Tames.
,,n8' "Cashel Byron's profession," by Bernard Shaw;
Rodney Stone," by A. Conan Doyle; "The virgin in
judgment," by Eden Phillpotts; "The valley of the
moon," by Jack London.
9> "Xristram of B1ent," by Anthony Hope.
10. The silent war." by J. A. Mitchell.
"' i»Th^witch's head'" bv H- Rider Haggard.
12. W. D. Howells.
13- "Comrade Yetta," by Albert Edwards.
Xlbrarg Calendar
Jan. 12. Pennsylvania Library Club, Philadel-
phia, Dropsie College for Hebrew and Cog-
nate Learning.
Jan. 22. Massachusetts Library Club, Somer-
ville.
Feb. 12. Chicago Library Club, Chicago Pub-
lic Library.
Feb. 17. Milwaukee Library Club.
Mar. 6-7. New Jersey L. A., annual meeting,
Hotel Chelsea, Atlantic City.
Mar. 12. Chicago Library Club, Chicago Pub-
lic Library.
CAROLINE M. HEWINS,
Librarian Hartford, Ct., Public Library
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
VOL. 39
FEBRUARY, 1914
No. 2
THE decision to hold the A. L. A. con-
ference of 1914 in Washington, May 25,
will acquaint librarians with the great
changes at the national capital since the
previous conference, a generation ago, in
1881. Foremost among these from the pro~
fessional point of view is the development
of the Library of Congress into a truly
national library of first importance, rank-
ing now third in the world in number of
volumes and first in administrative effi-
ciency and national service; second is the
development of departmental and special li-
braries in proximity to the national library
and supplementing its equipment and its
work. Although originally for the use of
Congress and still under its ultimate con-
trol, this great library is now a thoroughly
national institution of the widest scope, and
>ssibly the meeting in Washington will be
e proper occasion for emphasizing the
^neral feeling of the library profession
that it should be called the National Library.
No other national library is in such a
vital relationship with the libraries of its
own country, for the card cataloging of the
Library of Congress, which saves to the
libraries of the country many thousands of
dollars beyond the cost of the system, is
only one of the several fields in which it is
in vital touch with individual libraries
throughout the country. It is therefore
most fitting that the meeting at Washing-
ton should be made the occasion of thor-
ough acquaintance by visiting librarians
with the methods of the national library
and of certifying to Congress and to the
country its appreciation of the great func-
tion in the public service which the library
is achieving.
the Parliamentary Library at Ottawa. A
curious alternative has now been proposed
in a scheme for postal libraries, which has
attracted some attention in the Dominion.
This would replace a public library system
of the kind which most countries are de-
veloping, with a chain of libraries in the
post offices throughout the country, for
which the projector proposes an initial in-
vestment of ten million dollars for
books and five million for equipment.
The idea is certainly philanthropic, but if
such a plan were experimented with, it
would probably meet the fate of the dis-
trict school libraries of New York state a
generation ago. To develop a library means
something more than to put some books on
shelves and send them out by post; and
large as the postal library scheme seems, it
would scarcely prove effective in real result.
THE A. L. A. committee on the Leipzig
exposition is now fully assured that ade-
quate space will be assigned for the Amer-
ican exhibit as a part of the comparative
library exhibit, whether the United States
provides a separate building or not. Mr.
Hill, chairman of the committee, has been
authorized by the trustees of the Brooklyn
Public Library to provide through volun-
teers from that library for preparing the
exhibit, and room has been assigned for
that purpose. About $2000 has been se-
cured toward the $3500 which the com-
mittee will need, and it is urgently desired
that libraries as such and members of the
A. L. A. personally will contribute in larger
or smaller measure toward making ade-
quate provision for the general expenses
which will necessarily be incurred.
AT the Ottawa conference of 1912, li- ^ .
brarians from this side of the border were ONE of the pleasantest features of
much interested in the plan for the similar brary week" at Lake George in 1913
development of a national library out of was the welcome given to Miss Hewms,
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[February, 1914
that typical New England woman, whose
sympathy with children and child life has
made this relation of her public library
work a type and model for all who have to
do with children. Probably the credit of
the initiative work for children within a
public library should remain with Mrs.
Sanders of the Pawtucket Library, who
made the small folk welcome a generation
ago, when, in most public libraries, they
were barred out by the rules and regula-
tions and frowned away by the librarian.
Miss Hewins took up her special work some
years later, independently of Mrs. San-
ders' initiative, and with little more than
casual knowledge of it; and to-day she is
recognized as still the apostle of the chil-
dren's library movement. The key to her
success has been the touch of personality,
which makes each child a friend, and no
knowledge of formal method and of other
people's experience will ever compensate
for this. Miss Hewins' paper was really a
delightful bit of library autobiography, and
she has now happily acceded to a request
from the JOURNAL to fill out the outlines
into a more complete record. Her pleas-
ant story is altogether too fruitful of sug-
gestion to be confined to auditors from one
state alone.
XEW JERSEY, in common with the library
profession at large, has suffered a double
loss which may sadly retard her remark-
able library progress. The death of W. C.
Kimball, who had been from its beginning
the chairman of the New Jersey Public Li-
brary Commission, removes from us one of
the few laymen who have been as impor-
tant in library work and progress as profes-
sional librarians, a man who made every
man and woman in the library profession his
friend. His genial presence at library meet-
ings will be sorely missed; but New Jersey
will even more miss his wise and public-
spirited direction of library development in
his state. At this critical time comes also a
second blow to the Commission and the
state in the failure of the governor to re-
appoint the experienced state librarian, Mr.
Buchanan, who had been secretary of the
Commission, and his replacement by a gen-
tleman, Mr. Dullard, known in political
rather than in library relations.
WITH the present volume of the LIBRARY
JOURNAL, its editorial personnel has been
rearranged in such wise as will, we trust,
result in enhancing the value of the JOUR-
NAL to its readers. Mr. Fremont Rider,
of the New York Library School class of
1907, and of previous library experience,
who has been for some time editorial man-
ager of the publications of this office, will
as associate editor of the LIBRARY JOURNAL
now give more attention to the JOURNAL
and take a larger share of its responsibil-
ities, and to him our readers are chiefly
indebted for the improvements in typogra-
phy and arrangement, which have already
elicited cordial commendation from many
friends. Miss Florence A. Huxley, re-
cently of the printing department of the
New York Public Library, who has had
the office desk of the LIBRARY JOURNAL for
some weeks past, will continue in that posi-
tion, and with increasing experience will
be able to make the JOURNAL more ade-
quate and accurate than during the changes
of recent months. Material sent to the
JOURNAL should preferably be addressed to
the LIBRARY JOURNAL, Editorial Depart-
ment, rather than in any personal name,
except in cases where there has been per-
sonal correspondence. Our library friends
are particularly requested to send news and
descriptive material promptly in advance
of printed publication, and in the case of
library reports, etc., to send advance proofs
or duplicates of typewritten copies, that the
JOURNAL may in no case have to depend
upon less reliable information culled from
the general press.
How LIBRARY WORK WITH CHILDREN HAS GROWN IN
HARTFORD AND CONNECTICUT
BY CAROLINE M. HEWINS
NOT long ago I went into the public li-
brary of a university town in England and
established confidence by saying, "I see that ~
Chivers does your binding," whereupon the
librarian invited me inside the railing. A
boy ten or twelve years old was standing
in a Napoleonic attitude, with his feet very
lar apart, before the fiction shelves, where
the books were alphabetized under authors,
but with apparently nothing to show him
whether a story was a problem-novel or a
tale for children. My thoughts went back
many years to the days when I first be-
came the librarian of a subscription library
in Hartford, where novels and children's
stories were roughly arranged under the
first letter of the title, and not by authors.
There was a printed catalog, but without
anything to indicate in what series or
«'»*<»re ;n order of the series a story-book
belonged; and it was impossible when a child
id one to find out what the next was
•om the last page of the book itself
or the advertisements in the back, and they
had often been torn out for convenient
reference.
My technical equipment was some volun-
teer work in a town library, a little ex-
perience in buying for a Sunday-school li-
brary, and about a year in the Boston
Athenaeum. The preparation that I had
had for meeting children and young people
in the library was, besides some years of
teaching, a working knowledge of the
books that had been read and re-read in a
large family for twenty-five years, from
Miss Edgeworth and Jacob Abbott, an old
copy of "Aesop's fables," Andersen,
Grimm, Hawthorne, "The Arabian nights,"
Mayne Reid's earlier innocent even if un-
scientific stories, down through "Tom
Brown," "Alice in Wonderland," Our
Young Folks, the Riverside Magazine,
"Little women," to Scott, Dickens, Thack-
eray, George Eliot, Charlotte Bronte and
Mrs. Gaskell. These books were in the
Hartford Young Men's Institute, but they
were little read in comparison with the
works of the "immortal four," who were
then writing series at the rate of two or
more volumes a year — Optic, Alger, Castle-
mon and Martha Finley — and still refuse
to be forgotten. The older girls demanded
Ouida, a new name to me, but I read some
of her novels before I had been in the
library many weeks, and remember writing
a letter to a daily paper giving an outline
of the plot of one of them as a hint to
fathers and mothers of what their school-
girl daughters were reading. I think that
there was something about boys, too, in the
letter, and a plea for "Ivanhoe" and other
books of knightly adventure.
The Young Men's Institute Library in
Hartford was a survival from the days of
subscription libraries and lecture courses.
The city had then a population of about
fifty thousand, of whom some five or six
hundred were subscribers to the library,
paying three dollars for the use of one
book at a time or five dollars for two, in-
cluding admission to the periodical room.
Hartford had a large number of Irish in-
habitants, some Germans, a few of whom
were intelligent and prosperous Jews, a
few French Canadians, possibly still fewer
Scandinavians. It was several years be-
fore the first persecution of the Russian
and Polish Jews sent them to this country.
In the year when I came, 1875, there were
forty-six boys and girls in the high school
graduating class, all, from their names and
what I know of some of them, apparently
of English descent, except one whose name
is Scotch.
The class which was graduated last June
had about 650 members on entering, and
250 at the end of its course. Among the
names are Italian, Hebrew, Swedish, Irish,
German, Danish, Spanish, Bohemian, Ar-
menian— the largest percentage from fam-
ilies not of English descent being Hebrew.
It is fair to say that at least half of the
boys and girls of the earlier graduating
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[February, 1914
class, or their families, had library sub-
scriptions, but little use of the library was
recommended even by the high school
teachers, and none by the teachers of the
graded schools. How could there be ? Five
dollars is a large sum in most families, and
children at that time had to read what they
could get at home or from the Sunday-
school libraries, which were no better nor
worse than others of the period.
The first effort that I remember making
for a better choice of books was showing
the library president some volumes by
Thomes, a writer for the older boys, whose
stories were full of profanity and brutal
vulgarity. There was no question about
discarding them and some of Mayne
Reid's books like "The scalp hunters" and
"Lost Lenore," which are much of the
same type, very different from his earlier
stories, and in a short time we did not re-
new books by some other authors, but let
them die out, replacing them if possible by
stories a little better, giving preference to
those complete in themselves.
Within a short time, in 1878, we began
to publish a quarterly bulletin. In the first
number "Library notes" begins: "Much
time and thought have been given to sug-
gesting in this bulletin good books for boys
and girls. As a rule, they read too much.
Our accounts show that one boy has taken
102 story-books in six months, and one girl
H2 novels in the same time. One book a
week is certainly enough, with school stud-
ies. Within the last month one boy has
asked us for Jack Harkaway's stories, an-
other for bound volumes of the Police
News, and a third for The murderer and
the fortune teller/ The two sisters and the
avenger' and The model town and the de-
tective.' These are not in the library and
will not be. The demand for girls for the
New York Weekly novels is not small. We
shall gladly cooperate with fathers and
mothers in the choice of children's books."
. Of what we now call nature-books there
were very few written or well illustrated
for children, though the library had John
Burroughs, Harris's "Insects injurious to
vegetation" and Samuels's "Birds of New
England and the adjacent states." There
was little interest in out-of-door study, and
I have never forgotten the contempt on the
face of one boy when instead of Mayne
Reid's "Boy hunters," which was out, he
was offered 'The butterfly hunters," or the
scorn with which he repeated the title. All
that is changed, thanks to the influence of
schools and teachers, and children are no
longer ignorant of common birds and in-
sects. St. Nicholas helped in opening their
eyes, when a librarian, Harlan H. Ballard,
of Pittsfield, organized the Agassiz Asso-
ciation with a monthly report in the maga-
zine. We had a chapter, Hartford B., that
met for years out of doors on Saturday
mornings through the spring, early sum-
mer and autumn, and even through one
winter when some specimens of the red-
headed woodpecker were on the edge of
the city. Usually our winter meetings were
in the library, and we often had readings
from Burroughs, Thoreau, Frank Buck-
land and others of the earlier nature-lovers.
The children came from families of more
than usual intelligence, and some of them
who now have well-grown children of their
own often refer with pleasure to our walks
and talks.
I had taught for three years in a school
where the children and I were taken out
of doors every week in spring and autumn
by an ornithologist and an entomologist.
At this time we were beginning to buy
more books on out-of-door subjects, and I
had learned enough in my teaching to be
able to evaluate them in a bulletin.
The years went on, with once in a while
an encouraging report about a boy who had
made experiments from works on chemis-
try or beguiled a fortnight's illness with
Wordsworth's "Greece/* or Guhl and
Koner's "Life of the Greeks and Romans,"
or had gone on from Alger and Optic to
Cooper, Lossing, Help's "Life of Colum-
bus" and Barber's "History of New Eng-
land." Both boys and girls were begin-
ning to apologize for taking poor stories.
In one of our bulletins, January, 1881, is
an acknowledgment of Christmas material
received from the advance sheets of
Poole's Index, then in preparation in the
Watkinson Library, on the other side of the
building. Imagine life in a library without
it, you who have the Readers1 Guide and
February, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
93
all the debates and Granger's Index to
Poetry and the Portrait Index! Neverthe-
less, we were not entirely without printed
aids, for we had the Brooklyn catalog,
the Providence bulletins, and lists of chil-
dren's books prepared by the Buffalo and
Quincy libraries.
In 1882, at the request of Frederick Ley-
poldt, editor of the Publishers' Weekly, I
compiled a list of "Books for the young,"
some of which are of permanent value. In
a second edition, in 1884, I reprinted from
our bulletin a list of English and American
history for children, between twelve and
fifteen, based on my own experience with
boys and girls. I can laugh at it now,
after years of meeting child-readers, sev-
enty-five per cent, of whom have no books
at home, and can also find food for mirth
in my belief that a list of books recom-
mended for vacation reading in another
bulletin would attract most boys and girls
under sixteen.
One school, under a wise and far-seeing
principal, who is now an authority on
"Tnited States history and the author of
veral school books on the subject, had in
84 an arrangement with us for a supply
historical stories for reading, and we
printed a list of these and of other books
on American history which would be in-
teresting if read by or to the older pupils
in the grammar grades.
Sets of fifty copies each of books for
supplementary reading in school were
bought by the library in 1894, and appor-
tioned by the school principals at their
monthly meetings. Several new sets were
bought every year till 1905, when the col-
lection numbered about three thousand, and
was outgrowing the space that we could
spare for it. The schools then provided a
place for the school duplicates, and re-
lieved the library of the care of them.
Since 1899 the graded schools have re-
ceived on request libraries of fifty books to
a room, from the third grade to the ninth,
to be kept until the summer vacation, when
they are returned for repairs and renewal.
The number circulated during the school
year has grown from 6384 in 1899-1900 to
17,270 in 1912-13. The children's applica-
tions are sent to the main library, and no
child may have a card there and in a
school branch at the same time.
There were rumors for several years that
the library would be made free, and when
it was at last announced in 1888 that $250,-
ooo had been given by the late J. Pierpont
Morgan, his father and two families re-
lated to them, on condition that $150,000
more should be raised by private subscrip-
tion to remodel the Wadsworth Athe-
naeum, which then housed three libraries
and a picture-gallery, and to provide for
its maintenance, the rumor bade fair to
come true. That the money came in, is
largely due to the personal efforts of
Charles Hopkins Clark, editor-in-chief of
the Hartford Courant, for many years
treasurer of the Athenaeum, the Watkinson
Library and the Hartford Public Library,
and the sum required was promised in 1890.
Later the library offered the free use of its
books, and also the income of about $50,-
ooo to the city, on condition of keeping its
form of government by a self -perpetuating
corporation.
The first step towards the enlarged use
of the library was to separate the children's
books and classify them. We had had a
fixed location up to that time, and I had
not yet broken loose from it, but I num-
bered them according to the best light I
had, though in a very short time I saw
that with the increased number of dupli-
cates we had to buy, only a movable loca-
tion was of the least practical use. It was
several years before the Dewey classifica-
tion was finally adopted for the chilren, al-
though we classified our grown-up books
by it before we opened to the public.
When the library became free, in 1892,
the annual circulation of children's books
rose at once to 50,000, 25 per cent, of the
whole, and as large as the largest total in
the subscription days. We immediately had
to buy a large supply of new books, care-
fully chosen, and printed a too fully an-
notated list, which we found useful for
some years and discarded when we were
able to open the shelves. We had only a
corner for children's books, almost none
for children under ten, and no admission
to the shelves. We struggled on as well
as we could for the next few years.
94
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[February, 1914
A dialogue between a reader and the
librarian in 1897 shows what we were try-
ing to do at this time. It is really true, and
illustrates the lack of knowledge in one of
the most intelligent women in the city of
the many points of contact between the
library and the boys and girls of the city.
Reader: "There ought to be somebody
in the library to tell people, especially chil-
dren, what to read."
Librarian: "Have you ever seen the
children's printed list, with notes on books
connected with school work, and others
written for older readers but interesting to
children, hints on how and what to read,
and a letter R against the best books?"
Reader: "No, I never heard of it."
Librarian: "It was ready the day after
the library opened, was sold for five cents,
and the first edition of a thousand copies
was exhausted so soon that a second had
to be printed. Have you ever heard of the
lists of interesting books in connection with
Greek, Roman and English history given to
high school pupils, or the records kept for
years by the North School children of
books which they have read, and sent to
the librarian to be commented on and crit-
icised in an hour's friendly talk in the
school room, or the letters written on the
use of the library by pupils in the other
schools ?"
Reader: "No."
Librarian: "Have you ever seen the
lists of good novels for boys and girls
growing away from books written for chil-
dren and also a list of interesting love-
stories for readers who have heard of only
a few authors?"
Reader: "No."
Librarian: "Have you ever noticed the
printed lists of new books, with notes, hung
on the bulletin board every Monday?"
Reader: "No."
Librarian: "Do you know that the li-
brary has twelve hundred volumes of the
best books by the best authors, fifty of
each, for use in the public schools?"
Reader: "No."
The library opened in 1895 a branch for
children in the Social Settlement, and in
1897 reading rooms in connection with va-
cation schools, established by the Civic Club
and afterwards taken in charge by the city.
The Educational Club, an organization
of parents, teachers and others interested in
education, began in 1897 with very infor-
mal meetings, suggested by the school sec-
tion of the Civic Club, which were held in
my office for three years, until they out-
grew it and needed a more formal organ-
ization. The directors of the Civic Club
and managers of the Social Settlement have
met there for years, and the Connecticut
Public Library Committee found it a con-
venient meeting place until it seemed better
to hold sessions in the Capitol, where its
office is.
The history classes of the North School,
of whose principal I have spoken, used to
make a pilgrimage every year to points of
interest in the city, ending with an hour in
the rooms of the Historical Society in the
building, where they impersonated histor-
ical characters or looked at colonial furni-
ture and implements. After the hour was
over they used to come to the office for
gingerbread and lemonade, which strength-
ened their friendly feeling for the library.
This lasted until the principal went to an-
other city.
In 1898, in a talk to some children in
one of the schools just before the summer
vacation, I asked those who were not going
out of town to come to the library one
afternoon every week for a book-talk, with
a tableful of books such as they would not
be likely to find for themselves. The sub-
jects the first year were:
Out-of-door books and stories about ani-
mals, Books about Indians, Travellers' tales
and stories of adventure, Books that tell
how to do things, Books about pictures and
music, A great author and his friends (Sir
Walter Scott), Another great author and
his short stories (Washington Irving), Old-
fashioned books for boys and girls. The
talks have been kept up ever since.
The series in 1900 was on Books about
knights and tournaments, what happened to
a man who read too much about knights
(Don Quixote), Books about horses, Two
dream-stories, (The divine comedy and The
pilgrim's progress), Some funny adven-
tures (A traveller's true tale and others),
Some new books, How a book is made,
February, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
95
Stories about India, Pictures and scrap-
books.
The next year, 1901, the talks were
about stories connected with English his-
tory, the Old-English, the Normans, th$
Plantagenet times, King Henry V., the
Wars of the Roses, King Henry VII. and
King Henry VIII., Queen Elizabeth and
Mary, Queen of Scots, the Stuarts, and the
English Revolution and eighteenth-century
England.
The year after, 1902, the talks were on
"Books that you have not read," under the
titles Sea stories, Indian stories, Horse
stories, Wonder stories, Hero stories, Afri-
can stories, South Sea stories, School and
college stories, Old stories. A table of
books was in the room, and I took them up
one by one and told a little about the story,
sometimes reading aloud and stopping at a
very interesting point.
In 1903, the subjects were Stories about
dragons, Stories about soldiers, Stories
about shipwrecks, Stories about out-of-
doors, Stories of real people told by them-
selves, Stories about adventures, Stories
ut pictures, Stories about the West, the
. ect being to give the children of the
er grammar grades a glimpse into in-
sting books of which they might other-
wise never hear. In that year we printed
a list of novels for young readers that is
now ten years old and needs revision, but
still has its uses.
The use of the reference-room by chil-
dren steadily increased, until the need of a
room for them became evident, both on
week-days and Sundays. The Bulletin for
March I, 1900, says: "On Sunday, Feb. 25,
there were eighty-one children in the small
room, filling not only chairs too high for
their short legs, but benches extending into
the circulation room. They were all quiet
and orderly, and some of them read seri-
ously and absorbedly for several hours on
'The twentieth century,' The boundaries of
the United States,' and The comparative
greatness of Napoleon and Alexander.' The
younger children read story-books in the
same quiet manner. A children's room
would relieve the pressure on all three de-
partments of the library." The "last straw"
that led to the grant of rooms was a news-
paper article illustrated by a photograph of
the reference-room on a Sunday afternoon
with one man, one woman and fifty-one
children in it.
In 1904, the library came into possession
of two large, bright sunny rooms and a
smaller one adjoining in an old-fashioned
house next door, which belonged to the
Athenaeum and had been released by the
removal of the Hartford Club to a large
new house across the street. We opened
rooms in November, just before Thanks-
giving, and from then till New Year's Day
we received gifts from many friends: a
pair of andirons for the open fireplace, sev-
eral pictures, a check "for unnecessary
things" from one of the women's clubs,
another for wall-decoration from teachers,
students and graduates of the Albany Li-
brary School, fifty Japanese color-prints of
chrysanthemums from the Pratt Institute
children's room, a cuckoo clock that is still
going, though it demands a vacation about
once a year, and a Boston fern that is now
in flourishing condition. A large Braun
photograph of the Madonna del Granduca
came later from the Pittsburgh School for
Children's Librarians.
The furniture is of the simplest kind.
We used some tables that we had, and
bought one new one, some bentwood chairs
for the older children and others such as
are used in kindergartens for the younger.
Pratt Institute lent us that first winter the
very attractive illustrations by the Misses
Whitney for Louisa Alcott's "Candy coun-
try." Some friends who were breaking up
housekeeping gave the room a case of na-
tive and foreign stuffed birds with the hope
that they might be as great a source of
pleasure to the children as they had been
to them in their childhood. Another friend
sent us two trunks of curiosities from Eu-
rope, Asia, Africa and North America,
which are shown a few at a time.
The next summer, 1905, the book-talks
were about the pictures in the room, most
of which had been bought with our friends'
gifts. Windsor Castle, Kenilworth, Hei-
delberg Castle, The Alhambra, St. George,
King Arthur, Sir Walter Scott, the Can-
terbury Pilgrims, some Shakespeare stories.
On the Alhambra afternoon, a girl who
96
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[February, 1914
had spent her first year out of college in
Spain described the palace and showed
curiosities from Granada. One day a Civil
War nurse who happened in was persuaded
to tell the boys and girls in the room about
the three weeks she spent in the White
House, taking care of Tad Lincoln through
a fever. Some years later we were fortu-
nate enough to hear her again in the room
above, on Abraham Lincoln's hundredth
birthday, when she held the attention of a
large number of boys and girls for more
than an hour.
The next summer "What you can get out
of a Henty book" was used as an excuse
for showing books and pictures about the
Crusades, Venice, the knights of Malta, the
Rebellion of the Forty-five, the East India
Company, the siege of Gibraltar, the Pen-
insula war, and modern Italy.
That summer we had a puzzle-club to
show younger children how to work the
puzzles in St. Nicholas and other maga-
zines and newspapers. We held our first
Christmas exhibition that year, 1906, in
the room itself, for one day only, before
the hour of opening.
After an exhibition of lace in the Athe-
naeum the next spring, the specialist who
arranged it held the attention of her audi-
ence of girls between ten and fourteen,
giving a practical illustration of the mak-
ing of pillow-lace, showing specimens of
different kinds, pointing out the use of lace
in old-fashioned costumes for children, and
exhibiting a piece of Valenciennes which
had been stolen by a catbird and recovered
before it was woven into a nest. This talk
was given at my request, because we could
find almost nothing on lace in books for
children, and the exhibit was then attract-
ing much notice.
That year our first children's librarian,
who had given only a part of her working
hours to the room, the rest to the loan-
desk, left us to be married. The school
work had grown so fast that it had become
necessary for us to find a successor who
was equal to it, and whose sole time could
be given to that and the care of the room,
which is open only from 3.30 to 6 on
school-days, except on Wednesdays, Satur-
days and in vacations, when we have all-
day hours. The children in vacation-time
may change story-books every day if they
like — practically none of them do it — but in
school time they are allowed only one a
week. This is not a hardship, for they may
use their non-fiction cards, which give them
anything else, including bound magazines.
Our children's librarian makes up for
lack of library technique by her acquaint-
ance with teachers, and experience in day,
evening and vacation schools, that have
brought her into contact with children of
all sorts and conditions.
The summer before her coming I had
charge of the room for a part of every
day, and observing that children under
fourteen were beginning to think that they
had read everything in the room and were
asking to be transferred, I made a collec-
tion of books, principally novels, from the
main library, marked them and the book-
cards with a red star, and placed them on
side shelves, where the younger children
soon learned that they would find nothing
to interest them. This keeps the older boys
and girls in the room until they are ready
for the main library, and when they are
transferred they are sent to me in my office,
where they are told that some one is al-
ways ready to give them help if they ask
for it. The list of books for the first year
after coming into the library is handed to
them, and they are also referred to the
high school shelves, to be mentioned later.
We insist on a father or mother coming
with a child and leaving a signature or
mark on the back of the application-card.
This is placing responsibility where it be-
longs, and as we always have at least one
of the staff who can speak Yiddish, and
others who speak Italian, the parents are
usually willing to come.
We are very strict in exacting fines as
a means of teaching children to be re-
sponsible and careful of public property.
One summer the children acted simple
impromptu plays, Cinderella, Blue Beard,
Beauty and the beast, on the lawn outside
the long windows. The lawn has been in
bad condition for nearly two years, on ac-
count of the building of the Morgan memo-
rial, but has now been planted again. One
May-day we had an old English festival
February, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
97
around a Maypole on the green, with Robin
Hood, Maid Marian, Friar Tuck, Will
Scarlett, the hobby-horse, the dragon and
all the rest, including Jack in the Green
and an elephant. This was such a suc-
cess that we were asked to repeat it across
the river on the East Hartford Library
green, where it was highly complimented
on account of being so full of the spirit of
play.
Our Christmas exhibits have been held
every year, at first, as I have said, for one
day only, then for two or three in the
rooms above, and for the last two years
in a large room used by the Hartford Art
Society as a studio until it moved to a
whole house across the street. This room
has space for our school libraries, and the
room which they had outgrown was fitted
up at no expense except for chairs and a
change in the lighting, as a study-room for
the older boys and girls, who also have the
privilege of reading any stories they find
on the shelves, which are on one side only.
The other shelves, placed across the room,
were moved to the studio, which is so
large that it has space for story-telling, or
oftener story-reading. The winter of the
Dickens centennial, through the month of
February, the beginnings of "David Cop-
perfield," "Nicholas Nickleby," "Dombey
and son" and "Great expectations" were
read.
In 1911, a gift of twenty-five dollars
from a friend was spent for the boys' and
girls' room, and has bought specimens of
illustration, Grimm's "Fairy tales," illus-
trated by Arthur Rackham; Kate Green-
away's "Under the window," "Marigold
garden," "Little Ann" and "Pied piper";
Laura Starr's "Doll book," and a fine copy
of Knight's "Old England," full of engrav-
ings, including a morris dance such as has
been performed here, and Hare's "Portrait
book of our kings and queens." The rest
of the money bought a globe for the
older boys' and girls' reading-table, and
sent from Venice a reproduction of a com-
plete "armatura," or suit of Italian armor,
eighteen inches high.
In 1912 the boys and girls of grades
7 to 9 in the district and parochial schools
were invited to listen to stories from Eng-
lish history in the librarian's office of the
Hartford Public Library on Tuesday after-
noons in July and August. Some of the sub-
jects were The Roman wall, The Danish in-
vasion, King Alfred and the white horses
said to have been cut to commemorate his
victories, The Crusades, and The captivity
of James I. of Scotland. The Longman
series of colored wall-prints was used as a
starting point for the stories. Children in
grades 4 to 6 listened at a later hour to
stories from Hawthorne's "Wonder-book"
and "Tanglewood tales."
The Hartford Public Library had an ex-
hibit at the state fair, September 2-7, 1912,
in the Child-welfare building. In a space
ii by 6 were chairs, tables covered with
picture-books, a bookcase with libraries for
school grades, probation office, and a set-
tlement, and another with inexpensive
books worth buying for children. Pictures
of countries and national costumes were
hung on the green burlap screens which en-
closed the sides of the miniature room. At
about the same time we printed a list of
pleasant books for boys and girls to read
after they have been transferred to the
main library. They are not all classics, but
are interesting. The head of the high
school department of English and some of
the other teachers asked the library's help
in making a list of books for suggested
reading during the four years' course. This
list has been printed and distributed. Cop-
ies are hung near two cases with the school
pennant above them, and one of the staff
sees that these cases are always filled with
books mentioned in it. The high school
has a trained librarian, who borrows books
from the Public Library and tries in every
way to encourage its use.
From Dec. 3 to 24, 1912 and 1913, the
exhibit of Christmas books for children and
young people was kept open by the library
in the large room in the annex. The ex-
hibit included three or four hundred vol-
umes, picture books by the best American,
English, French, German, Italian, Danish,
and Russian illustrators, inexpensive copies
and also new and beautiful editions of old
favorites, finely illustrated books attractive
to growing-up young people, and the best
of the season's output. It had many vis-
98
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[February, 1914
itors, some of them coming several times.
We sent a special invitation to the students
in the Hartford Art Society, some of whom
are hoping to be illustrators, and appreciate
the picture-books highly.
The boys' and girls' room received last
winter a fine photographic copy of Leigh-
ton's "Return of Persephone," in time for
Hawthorne's version of the story, which is
usually read when pomegranates are in the
market and again six months later, when
Persephone comes up to earth and the grass
and flowers begin to spring.
One day John Burroughs made an un-
expected visit to the room, and it hap-
pened that when the children reading at the
tables were told who he was, and asked
who of them had read "Squirrels arid fur-
bearers," the boy nearest him held up his
hand with the book in it. That boy will
probably never forget his first sight of a
real live author !
Last winter we received a gift of a hand-
some bookcase with glass doors, which we
keep in the main library, filled with finely
illustrated books for children to be taken
out on grown-up cards only. This is to
insure good care.
For several years we have been collect-
ing a family of foreign dolls, who are now
forty-five in number, of all sorts and sizes,
counting seventeen marionettes such as the
poor children in Venice play wjth, half a
dozen Chinese actors, and nine brightly
colored Russian peasants in wood. The
others are Tairo, a very old Japanese doll
in the costume of the feudal warriors,
Thora from Iceland, Marit the Norwegian
bride, Erik and Brita from Sweden, Giu-
seppe and Marietta from Rome, Heidi and
Peter from the Alps, Gisela from Thur-
ingia, Cecilia from Hungary, Annetje from
Holland, Lewie Gordon from Edinburgh,
Christie Johnstone the Newhaven fishwife,
Sambo and Dinah the cotton-pickers.
Mammy Chloe from Florida, an Indian
brave and squaw from British America,
Laila from Jerusalem, Lady Geraldine of
1830 and Victoria of 1840. Every New
Year's Day, in answer to a picture bulletin
which announces a doll-story and says
"Bring your doll," the little girls come
with fresh, clean, Christmas dolls, and
every one who has a name is formally pre-
sented to the foreign guests, who sit in
chairs on a table. Lack of imagination is
shown in being willing to own a doll with-
out a name, and this year the subject of
names was mentioned in time for the little
girls to have them ready. Mrs. Mary
Hazelton Wade, author of many of the
"Little cousins," lives in Hartford, and
lately gave us a copy of her "Dolls of
many countries." I told her about the
party and invited her, and she told the
fifty children who were listening about the
Feast of Dolls in Japan. The doll-story
was E. V. Lucas's "Doll doctor," and it was
followed by William Brightly Rands's "Doll
poems."
In 1893, the year after the library be-
came free, the Connecticut Public Library
Committee was organized. For about ten
years it had no paid visitor and inspector,
and I, as secretary of the committee, had
to go about the state in the little time I
could spare from regular duties, trying to
arouse library interest in country towns.
Now most of the field work is done by the
visitor, but I have spoken many ti it
teachers' meetings and library meetings. We
began by sending out pamphlets — "What a
free library can do for a country \ .wn"-
emphasizing what its possibilities are of
interesting children, and "What a library
and school can do for each other." Every
year the libraries receive a grant of books
from the state, and send in lists subject
to approval. We often found the novels
and children's books asked for un-
worthy of being bought with state money
by a committee appointed by the Board of
Education, and began to print yearly lists
of recommended titles of new books, from
which all requested must be chosen. The
standard is gradually growing higher. The
Colonial Dames have for years paid for
traveling libraries, largely on subjects con-
nected with colonial history, to be sent to
country schools from the office of the com-
mittee, and have also given traveling port-
folios of pictures illustrating history,
chosen and mounted by one of their num-
ber. The Audubon Society sends books,
largely on out-of-door subjects, and bird-
charts, to schools and libraries all over the
February, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
99
state. Traveling libraries, miscellaneous or
on special subjects, are sent out on request.
A Library Institute has been held every
summer for five years under the direction
of the visitor and inspector. It lasts for
two weeks, and several lectures are always
given by specialists in work with children.
The choice of books, sources of stories
for children, and what to recommend to
them are frequently discussed in meetings
for teachers and librarians.
A book-wagon has for the last two or
three years gone through a few towns
where there is no public library, circulat-
ing several thousand books a year for
adults and children, and exciting an inter-
est which may later develop into the estab-
lishment of public libraries. The commit-
tee has now 105 which receive the state
grant. Wherever a new library is opened,
a special effort is made through the schools
to make it attractive to children.
At this time of year the mothers' clubs
in the city and adjoining towns often ask
for talks on what to buy, and boxes of
books are taken to them, not only expen-
sive and finely illustrated copies, but the
best editions that can be bought for a very
little money. These exhibitions have been
also given at country meetings held by the
Connecticut Public Library Committee.
A library column in a Hartford Sunday
paper is useful in showing the public what
libraries in other states and cities are do-
ing, and in attracting attention to work
with children. Letters to the children
themselves at the beginning of vacation,
printed in a daily paper and sent to the
schools, invite them to book-talks. Other
printed Jetters about visits to places con-
nected with books and authors, sent home
from England and Scotland with post-
cards, have excited an interest in books not
always read by children. This year the
Hartford children's librarian has read the
letters and shown the books referred to,
post-cards and pictures, to a club of girls
from the older grammar grades, who were
invited through the letters just spoken of
to leave their names with her.
A club of children's librarians from
towns within fifteen miles around Hart-
ford meets weekly from October to May.
Meetings all over the state under the Public
Library Committee have stimulated interest
in work with children, and Library Day is
celebrated every year in the schools.
The visitor and inspector reports visits
to eight towns in December, and says:
"Somewhat more than a year ago, at the
request of the supervisor, I made out a list
of books for the X school libraries.
These were purchased, and this year the
chairman of the school board requested my
assistance in arranging the collection in
groups to be sent in traveling library cases
until each school shall have had each li-
brary. 1 spent two days at the town hall
working with the chairman of the school
board, the supervisor, a typist and two
school teachers.
"A new children's room has been opened
in the Y library since my visit there.
It is double the size of the room formerly
in use, and much lighter and more cheer-
ful. The first grant from the state was
expended entirely for children's books, the
selection being made in this office.
"In Z I gave an Audubon stereopti-
con lecture, prefacing it with an account
of the work of the Audubon Society, and
an enumeration of the loans to schools.
The audience in a country schoolhouse, half
a mile from Z village, numbered 102."
THE LIBRARIAN'S MOTHER GOOSE.
II. CATALOG.
Pussy cat, pussy cat, where have you been ?
Shuffled the cards to the taste of the queen.
Pussy cat, pussy cat, what did you there ?
Caught a cross-reference under the chair.
—Rente B. Stern.
SOME REFERENCE BOOKS OF 1913
BY ISADORE GILBERT MUDGE, Reference Librarian, Columbia University
THE list of reference books described be-
low is not a complete record of all such
publications issued in 1913, although the
compiler hopes that it is fairly representa-
tive of the more important or interesting
American and English books issued dur-
ing that period. Some publications of the
previous year which were issued too near
the end of the year to be included in the
1912 summary are noted here, especially
some foreign publications which did not
generally reach American libraries until
some time in 1913.
PERIODICALS AND NEWSPAPERS
The year 1913 has been noteworthy from
the reference librarian's point of view be-
cause of the important new indexes of pe-
riodical and journal literature started dur-
ing the year. First among these is the
"Readers' guide supplement," announced
more than a year ago, when the discontin-
uance of the "Annual library index" was
decided upon, but not actually issued until
1913 (White Plains: Wilson). The "Read-
ers' guide" and "Readers' guide supple-
ment" now cover between them much the
same field as that formerly covered by the
"Readers' guide" and the "Annual library
index," and the "Supplement" practically
takes the place of the latter, although it
does not index exactly the same list of
titles. An analysis of periodicals indexed
shows that the "Readers' guide" now in-
dexes 90 periodicals and the "Supplement"
54, making a total of 144 as against the
total of 148 formerly indexed by the
"Guide" and the "Annual library index."
There has, however, been a redistribution
of titles. Of the 116 periodicals indexed
in the A. L. I. for 1910, 52 are now in-
dexed in the "Readers' guide," 23 in the
"Supplement," 9 in the "Annual magazine
subject index," 3 in the "Book review
digest," 2 in the "Industrial arts index,"
while 27 have been dropped altogether, and
their places taken by other titles whicli
seemed to promise greater usefulness. The
"Readers' guide supplement" follows the
same plan of full author, title and subject
indexing used in the "Readers' guide," but
is issued at quarterly instead of monthly
intervals and cumulates throughout the
year. Another new index compiled and
published by the same firm is the "Indus-
trial arts index," issued in bi-monthly num-
bers (with the omission of one summer
number) and cumulating throughout the
year. The list of periodicals indexed in
the "Industrial arts index" is much
the same as that included in the "En-
gineering index," but its arrangement of
material is different, being alphabetical as
against the classed arrangement in the "En-
gineering index." A preliminary compar-
ison based on a part year's use only would
seem to indicate that the "Industrial arts
index" is more useful in the general or
public library, while the "Engineering in-
dex" is better liked by the student, or
worker in the highly specialized technical
library. Quite as important in its
what different field is the excellent new
"New York Times index," which is pub-
lished quarterly, each volume muexmg
three months of the New York Times, but
not cumulating. (N. Y., The Times, $2
a vol.) So far, three volumes, indexing
the newspaper from January to September,
1913, have appeared. The indexing is care-
ful and detailed, the entries are by small
subjects, the references are exact, that is,
to date, page and column, and the informa-
tion given is sufficiently full to answer some
questions without the necessity of following
up the given reference. This new newspaper
index is comparable to the even more de-
tailed index of the London Times, although
the latter has the advantage of a monthly
index and, since 1910, an annual index as
well. The reference librarian who uses
newspapers constantly is now fairly well
equipped with indexes for recent years at
least, with the New York Times and the
London Times indexes, the "Index to
dates" and for certain foreign papers the
"Halbmonatliches Verzeichnis," published
since 1909 in connection with the "Biblio-
February, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
101
graphic der deutschen Zeitschriften Lit-
eratur" (Gautszch, Dietrich), which in-
dexes 48 German and Austrian papers.
DEBATES
"Inter-collegiate debates," edited by Eg-
bert Ray Nichols, seems now definitely es-
tablished as a regular yearbook of informa-
tion on many of the questions connected
with college and high school debating. Vol-
ume three, published in 1913, contains re-
ports of debates and bibliographies on
Commission form of government, Direct
primary, Minimum wage, Open vs. closed
shop, Parliamentary vs. presidential form
of government, Three-quarter decision in
jury trials, and the Central Bank. The
appendices give the usual record of schools,
questions, decisions, etc., for the debating
year 1911-12, and a special feature is the
cumulated index to volumes 1-3. (N. Y.,
Hinds, $1.50.) New volumes and new edi-
tions in the "Debaters handbook series"
are: "Capital punishment," by C. E. Fan-
ning, 2d ed. revised; "Conservation of na-
tural resources," by C. E. Fanning; "Re-
call, including the recall of judges and ju-
dicial decisions," by E. M. Phelps; "Reci-
procity," by E. C. Robbins; and "Trade
unions," by E. D. Bullock. (White Plains,
N. Y., Wilson, 5 vols., $i ea.) A similar
series of smaller handbooks in pamphlet
form, called the "Abridged debaters' hand-
book series" is now being issued by the
same publishers. The titles published dur-
ing 1913 were: "Independence for the Phil-
ippines," by E. L. Teich; "Panama canal
tolls," by E. M. Phelps; "Minimum wage,"
by M. K. Reely; "Six years presidential
terms," by E. E. Painter. (White Plains,
N. Y., Wilson, 4 vols., 25 c. ea.)
ENCYCLOPEDIAS
The only English encyclopedia to be in-
cluded in this year's list is "The Everyman
encyclopedia," edited by Andrew Boyle
(London, Dent, is. per vol.; New York,
Dutton, 12 v., 35 c. ea.), an admir-
ably compact and concise work intended
primarily for the private library, but not
without usefulness in the public library, es-
pecially the smaller public library, which
has difficulty in affording the larger ency-
clopedias in their latest editions. The se-
lection of topics is good and inclusive and
the articles generally adequate and accu-
rate. As might be expected in so compact
a work, the weakest point is in the bib-
liographies, though these are not entirely
lacking. So far the work has been issued
only in the cloth binding suitable for pri-
vate libraries, but an edition in the special
library binding is to appear in 1914. A
good new handbook of information is "A
handy book of curious information," by
William S. Walsh (Phila., Lippincott,
$3-5°) , which forms a companion volume
to his "Handy book of literary curiosities"
and "Handy book of popular customs."
A public library with an Italian clientele,
or a college library which serves pupils
beginning the study of Italian, often has
need for a small inexpensive Italian ency-
clopedia. A good work of this sort is the
"Piccolo enciclopedia, 2. ed., completamente
rinnovata," by Gottardo Garollo. (Milan,
Hoepli.) Only volume i, A-D, has
been issued so far. The large new Span-
ish encyclopedia in process of publication,
"Encyclopedia universal ' ilustrado" (Bar-
celona, Espasa y Hijos, 27 ptas. a vol.) has
now advanced as far as volume 18. While
few libraries have enough call for Spanish
material to justify the purchase of so ex-
pensive a work, the encyclopedia is proving
very useful in libraries which do have such
a call, especially for the very full informa-
tion on the history, geography, biography,
literature, commerce, industries, etc., of
Spain and Spanish America.
DICTIONARIES
The most important new dictionary of
the year is the new edition of the "Stand-
ard dictionary" (N. Y., Funk, $12), the
first complete revision and resetting of the
dictionary since its original publication in
1893. The "New Standard" is much larger
than the original work, through the addi-
tion of some 100,000 new words and the
total vocabulary is stated as 450,000. Aside
from the thorough revision given to the
selection and definition of words, the most
noteworthy change is the elimination of the
many annoying supplementary lists and the
inclusion of all types of words, except the
102
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[February, 1914
foreign words and phrases, in a single al-
phabet. The inclusion of antonyms, a spe-
cial feature of the original Standard, is
continued and another special feature of
the new edition is giving first present-day
usage and definition of each word and fol-
lowing that by the historical and etymolog-
ical information, on the theory that the
questions about which a one-volume dic-
tionary is most frequently consulted are the
present-day spelling, pronunciation, usage,
and definition of a word. In spite of the
single alphabet, there are some appended
lists, namely the Foreign words and
phrases, Population statistics of towns, and
a Standard history of the world day by day
— that is, historical events listed according
to the day of the month on which they oc-
curred. Every reference librarian who. has
suffered from the question "What hap-
pened one hundred years ago to-day?" will
welcome this list.
Several new or revised handbooks of
synonyms should be noted. A new edition
of Roget's "Thesaurus," revised by Andrew
Boyle, has been included in "Everyman's
library." This new edition omits some
obsolete words, corrects some errors and
adds terms of modern science, foreign
phrases, etc. (London, Dent; New York,
Dutton, 2 v., library binding, 50 c. per vol.)
A new and excellent list of words only,
without definitions of differences, is "Syn-
onyms, antonyms and associated words," by
L. A. Flemming (N. Y., Putnam, $1.25).
An important- addition to the group of dic-
tionaries of "local" English is "Afrikan-
derisms, a glossary of South African collo-
quial words and phrases, and of place and
other names," by C. Pettman (London and
New York, Longmans, $3.50). Its defini-
tions are clear and sufficient, and the illus-
trative quotations are given with date and
exact page reference for purpose of verifi-
cation.
PHILOSOPHY
While the number of new reference
books in this subject is small as com-
pared with 1912 the quality is high. A
third title has been added to the series of
scholarly dictionaries of philosophical sub-
jects, by Dr. Rudolf Eisler. This is his
"Handworterbuch der Philosophic" (Berlin,
Mittler, 801 p. 17.50111.), which gives defini-
tions of terms and articles on concepts, the
latter largely condensed or popularized from
his "Worterbuch der philosophischen Be-
griffe," the third edition of which was is-
sued in 1910. The three annual surveys of
philosophical literature, "Philosophic der
Gegemvart," "Bibliographic de la philo-
sophic franchise" (in no. 8 of Bulletin de la
Socicte francaisc de philosopJiie), and "l>ib-
liografia filosofica italiana," and all have
been continued by new volumes which
carry the records through the years 1910 and
1911. The first and second of these titles
are especially useful, and the three to-
gether index practically the whole book
and periodical literature of the subject.
SOCIAL SCIENCES
Year books
The "Britannica year book 1913," pre-
pared under the same editorial direction as
the eleventh edition of the Encyclopaedia
Britannica is easily the most important of
the new year books. In reality it is a cross
between an annual encyclopedia, such as l'
"New international year book" and an :
nual survey of progress such as the "Am
ican year book." This first issue recoiu^
events and progress in the different fields
of knowledge and activity from 1910 to
1912, inclusive, and treats such records in
comprehensive articles written by author-
ities and furnished with good bibliogra-
phies. The articles, which are not alpha-
betically arranged, are on rather large sub-
jects, but a detailed index supplies the ref-
erences for smaller topics. (London and
New York, Encyc. Brit. Co., ios., $2.25.)
The "Annuaire de la vie Internationale,
1910-11" (Brussels, Office centr. des assoc.
internat. 1913, 2652 p.), which is an an-
nual only in name, as there is a gap of
three years between the publication dates
of the two volumes so far issued, is a
veritable encyclopedia of every aspect of
internationalism, associations, conferences,
institutions, commissions, expositions, pub-
lications, etc. To the cataloger and bib-
liographer it is especially useful for its in-
fqrmation about publications of the various
organizations. The "Suffrage annual and
February, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
103
women's who's who," though devoted prin-
cipally to biography, furnishes history and
statistics of the suffrage movement, names
of organizations, lists of officers, etc. (Lon-
don, Stanley Paul, 6s.) The "China year
book" is not new, but as the 1913 issue is
the first one based on material collected
since the recent revolution, it is so changed
as to be almost new. A new feature is the
"Who's who in China" included as one sec-
tion of the "Year book." (London, Rout-
ledge, los.) "Nelson's encyclopedia year
book 1912-13" (Edinburgh, Nelson, is.) is
a small, inexpensive survey of the events
of the year 1912 in the United Kingdom,
with briefer lists of happenings elsewhere.
Statistics
For American libraries the most impor-
tant new work in statistics is the set of
"Reports of the thirteenth census of the
United States," of which all volumes ex-
cept volume 4, Occupations, were issued
during 1913. (Washington, Gov. Pr. Off.,
v. 1-3, 5- 1 1.) In the selection of subjects
included, these reports differ from the re-
ports of the twelfth census by the omis-
sion of the volumes on Vital statistics and
the inclusion of a volume on Mines and
quarries and the volume on Occupations,
still to be issued. The abstract of the cen-
sus appears as a separate volume, as here-
tofore, but is much larger than the ab-
stract of the twelfth census, and differs
from that abstract also in that it is issued
in a different edition for each state, each
state edition containing a supplement of
special statistics for that state. The spe-
cial state supplements are also issued sep-
arately in pamphlet form.
The reports of the English census of
1911 have also been published. They were
included in the Parliamentary Papers of
1912 and 1913, and may be purchased sep-
arately by libraries which do not subscribe
to the set of Parliamentary Papers.
Business, Law, Customs
"Pitman's dictionary of book-keeping, a
book of reference on all matters concern-
ing book-keeping and accountancy for stu-
dents, teachers and practitioners," by R. J.
Porters (London, Pitman, 55.), and "Pit-
man's dictionary of secretarial law and
practice," by Philip Tovey (London, Pit-
man, 253.), are two new titles in the series
of business reference books published by
Pitman. As both deal exclusively with the
English law and practice on the two sub-
jects, their use in American libraries is
proportionately limited. Nelson's "Ency-
clopaedia of industrialism" (London, Nel-
son, is.) is a really good little handbook of
the English side of its subject. A different
aspect of the "social" sciences is covered
exhaustively and authoritatively in the "Cy-
clopaedia of social usage, manners and cus-
toms of the 2oth century," by Helen L.
Roberts (N. Y., Putnam, $3.50), the best
manual of etiquette so far published and a
convenient reference book, although not al-
phabetically arranged. An excellent refer-
ence aid for the library assistant or re-
search worker who needs to. use law books
is the "Guide to the study and use of law
books, a selected list, classified and an-
notated, of publications relating to law lit-
erature, law study, and legal ethics," by
Frederick C. Hicks (N. Y., Baker, Voor-
his, $i). This guide gives, under such
heads as Legal bibliographies, Legal ter-
minology, Textbooks, Case law, etc., a se-
lection of the material which will be most
useful to the law student or the student of
politics or history who may need to use
either old or new legal material. New
editions of Philips' "Mercantile marine at-
las" and Philips' "Chamber of commerce
atlas," each showing some changes and em-
bodying some new information have been
issued.
EDUCATION
Monroe's "Cyclopedia of education" has
been completed by the publication of vol-
umes 4-5, and the result is a most useful
authoritative work in a subject which has
heretofore lacked any good encyclopedic
work in English. The scope of the work
is wide, the entries and cross references
usually adequate, the balance, in spite of
some omissions and an occasional prepon-
derance of American topics, generally
good, and the general excellence of both
articles, illustrations and bibliographies
very high (N. Y., Macmillan, $5 a vol.).
IO4
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[February, 1914
A new annual bibliography and index
which promises to be of value is "L'annee
pedagogique, 1912" (Paris, Alcan, 7.50
fr.). This work, now in its second year, is
a classified list with alphabetical index, and
includes the books of the year on educa-
tional topics, and also indexes the educa-
tional articles in some 138 English, German
and French periodicals.
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
An unusual new reference book which
is, in its special field, extremely valuable
is "Color standards and color nomencla-
ture," by Dr. Robert Ridgway, the well-
known ornithologist, curator of the Divi-
sion of birds in the U. S. National Mu-
seum. (Washington, The Author, 1912,
$8.) This work, which is a very detailed
dictionary of colors and color terms, is a
revision and enlargement of the author's
"Nomenclature of color," 1886. The dic-
tionary list includes some 1115 named colors
with references to the numbered samples
on the colored plates. There are 53 col-
ored plates, each containing 27 mounted
samples, so that altogether some 1431 dif-
ferent shades are illustrated. The color
work is very fine, the list of terms accu-
rate and comprehensive, and the book,
though prepared especially for ornitholo-
gists, should be useful to all who require a
standard color scheme, whether botanists,
florists, merchants, chemists, dyers, artists,
etc.
The new edition of Thorpe's "Dictionary
of applied chemistry," which was begun in
1912, has been completed by the publica-
tion of volumes 4-5. (London and New
York, Longmans, 455. a vol., $13.50 a vol.)
The high promise of the first volumes has
been carried out and the completed work
is a thoroughly revised and accurate ency-
clopedia of every branch of its subject. A
"1914" edition (published in 1913) of the
"Scientific American reference book," by
A. A. Hopkins, while printed from the
same plates as the thoroughly revised edi-
tion of 1913, shows some changes and, es-
pecially in the record of discoveries and
events, some new material. (N. Y., Munn,
$1.50.) There are several new scientific
atlases. The "Forest atlas of the United
States," prepared by the Forest Service of
the Department of Agriculture, has been
started by the publication of part one,
"Pines." (Washington, Geological Sur-
vey.) The important report on "Coal re-
sources of the world," prepared for the In-
ternational Geological Congress, includes
in a separate volume an excellent atlas of
coal distribution, edited for the congress by
William Mclnnes. This atlas, which should
be of use to both the scientist and the
economist, contains 48 plates of colored and
outline maps and diagrams illustrating coal
deposits and coal fields in all parts of the
world. (Toronto, Morang, 49^ cm. ; whole
work, incl. atlas and 3 vols. of text, $25.)
A serviceable small popular dictionary of
agriculture, principally as practised in
England, is "Encyclopaedia of agriculture"
(London, Nelson, 3 v., is. ea.). It is in-
tended for the practical worker rather than
for the student, and there are few biblio-
graphic references. Two new dictionaries
of scientific or technical terms should be
mentioned. These are "Dictionary of au-
tomobile terms," by A. L. Clough (N. Y.,
Horseless Age, $2), a useful handbook with
brief definitions of terms, and the ex-
cellent new edition of "Lang's German-
English dictionary of terms used in medi-
cine and the allied sciences," edited and
revised by M. K. Meyers (Phila., Blakis-
ton, $5). This latter is an accurate and
comprehensive work which should be use-
ful to medical students, translators, and
catalogers of medical books. Two impor-
tant new reference books on the history
and practice of the printing and publishing
trades are noted below under the heading
Bibliography.
FINE ARTS
The great dictionary of artists of all
times, "Allgemeines Lexikon der bildenden
Kiinstler, von der Antiken bis zur Gegen-
wart," by Ulrich Thieme (Leipzig, See-
man), has been advanced somewhat on its
slow progress through the alphabet by the
publication of volumes 8-9, which carry the
work through the word "Dubois." The
smaller French work by Benezit, "Dic-
tionnaire des peintres," has been extended
through the letter K by the completion of
February, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
105
volume 2 (Paris, Chernoviz, 3ofr.). Though
inferior in both quantity and quality of ma-
terial to Thieme's Lexikon, Benezit's work
has a special usefulness in its fullness of
treatment or rather inclusion of minor
French names. A new biographical dic-
tionary of artists is "A dictionary of Irish
artists/' by Walter I. Strickland (Dublin,
Maunsel, 2 vols., 305.). The series of
dictionaries of French sculptors by Stan-
islas Lami, has been extended by the issue
of his "Dictionnaire dcs sculpteurs de
1'ecole franchise au ipe siecle" (Paris,
Champion).
MUSIC
Recent publications on music include
some useful small reference books. The
"Music lovers' cyclopedia," by Rupert
Hughes (Garden City, N. Y., Doubleday,
$1.50), is a revised and cheaper edition of
the more expensive work first issued in
1903. The new edition contains, besides
some special articles and lists, a dic-
tionary of terms, outlines the plots
of sixty operas, and a dictionary
of musicians, the latter list constituting the
main part of the book. Much of the new
matter is inserted in supplementary lists so
that, for the biographical material espe-
cially, more than one alphabet must be used.
Operas alone were treated in the new re-
vised edition of Upton's "Standard operas,"
issued in 1912 (Chicago, McClurg, $1.75),
which though including fewer operas than
the first or second edition of Melitz's
"Guide" is more satisfactory than Melitz,
where comments on the music, motifs, etc.,
are wanted. The new "Who's who in
music" (London, Pitman) should be noted
in this connection, although it is described
more in detail in the section on Biography.
LITERATURE
Among new reference books in the field
of literature, those which deal with the
subject of fiction are distinctly in the ma-
jority. The most generally useful of such
books is E. A. Baker's "Guide to the best
fiction in English" (London, Routledge,
2is. ; N. Y., Macmillan, $6), which is a
revision of his work of the same title pub-
lished in 1902, but so enlarged and re-
written as to be practically a new book.
The arrangement of the new work follows
in general that of the first edition, except
that the historical appendix of the 1902
edition is omitted because it is to be super-
seded when the author's "Guide to histor-
ical fiction," now in press, is issued; but
the scope of the present work has been en-
larged and its field of usefulness propor-
tionately extended by the devotion of more
space to classical and mediaeval romances,
Celtic fiction, Icelandic sagas and the fic-
tion of the various foreign nations, etc.
The very full index includes authors, ti-
tles, some subjects, historical and place
names, allusions, etc. Of equal importance
in its more limited and scholarly field is
the "List of English tales and prose ro-
mances printed before 1740," compiled by
Arundell Esdaile (London, Bibliog. Soc.,
1912, 329 p. i os. 6d.), a well-made bibliog-
raphy which includes both English ro-
mances and English translations of for-
eign romances, with full bibliographic but
no critical notes and indications of the
English libraries in which copies of the
books may be found. A brief list of Eng-
lish historical fiction intended primarily as
an aid to teachers in primary and second-
ary schools is a "Guide to British histor-
ical fiction," by J. A. Buckley and W. T.
Williams (London, Harrop, 1912, 182 p.
2s. 6d.). The titles included are arranged
chronologically by the historical period or
event illustrated. Both compilers are teach-
ers in the county school, Beckenham. There
is a new edition of Oscar Wegelin's "Early
American fiction, 1774-1830," which differs
from the first edition of 1902 by the cor-
rection of some errors, the addition of sev-
enty or eighty titles, the extension of the
bibliographical notes and the omission of
the biographical notes included in the ear-
lier edition. (N. Y., Wegelin, 37 p. $3.)
A useful dictionary of early fiction is the
"Dictionary of medieval romance and ro-
mance writers," by Lewis Spence (Lon-
don, Routledge, 8s. 6d.; N. Y., Dutton, $3.)
This lists in one alphabet the characters
and titles of the principal British, Celtic,
Teutonic, Scandinavian, French, Spanish
and Italian romances of the period from
the nth to the I4th century, giving under
io6
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[February, 1914
the name of each character a brief descrip-
tion of the character and the title of the
romance in which it occurs, and under each
title a fairly detailed synopsis of the plot
of the story. This new dictionary is uni-
form with the series of author dictionaries
published by Routledge and imported by
Button. Finally, a special part of the field
of poetical fiction is dealt with in the
"Book of the epic, the world's great epics
told in story," by H. A. Guerber (Phila.,
Lippincott, $2), which supplies synopses of
the plots of the principal epics of the
Greek, Latin, French, German, Scandina-
vian, Russian and other literatures, prin-
cipally of course the earlier material, but
including also such modern epics as "Para-
dise lost" and "Hiawatha."
New reference books for topics of for-
eign literature are principally bibliogra-
phies or bio-bibliographies. A handbook of
names of twentieth century German au-
thors is "Fiihrer durch die deutsche Litera-
tur des 20. Jahrhunderts," by Max Geissler
(Weimar, Duncker, 9m.), which furnishes
only the briefest of biographical data for
each writer included, but supplies a useful
characterization of his work and position
and a list of his writings. Of wider scope
and somewhat fuller information on the
biographical side, is Brummer's "Lexikon
der deutschen Dichter und Prosaisten vom
Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts bis zur Gegen-
wart," of which a new thoroughly revised
edition, the sixth, has been issued. (Leip-
zig, Reclam, 8 v., I2m.) An excellent
dictionary of modern Icelandic writers is
"Icelandic authors of to-day," by Halldor
Hermannsson (Islandica, v. 6, Cornell
University), which gives biographies, lists
of works, and bibliographical references to
sources and fuller descriptions in other
books. Spanish literature is represented
this year by an excellent new anthology of
Spanish poetry from the I3th to the 20th
century, the "Oxford book of Spanish
verse," chosen by James Fitzmaurice Kelly
(Oxford Univ. Press, 75.; $2). In the
field of classical literature, Klussmann's
"Bibliotheca scriptorum classicorum" has
been completed by the publication of vol. 2,
pt. 2, Latin authors M-Z (Leipzig, Reis-
land, lorn. ; also pub. as supplement vol.
165 of Jahresbericht u. d. Fortsch. d. klass.
Altertumswissenschaft.) This supplements
the Engelmann-Preuss "Bibliotheca scrip-
torum classicorum," eighth edition, and car-
ries the record of editions, translations,
critical works and dissertations through the
year 1896.
BIOGRAPHY
While no large new dictionary of biog-
raphy of definitely permanent value was
published in 1913, there were several new
comers in the "Who's who" class which are
useful and promising. The group of dic-
tionaries of regional biography was en-
larged by the new "Who's who in China,"
published in the "China year book" for
1913, which gives good compact biographi-
cal sketches of men connected with the
Chinese revolution, the new government,
and the industrial, commercial and other in-
terests of present-day China. "Who's who
in science, international, 1914," published in
December, 1913 (London, Churchill, los. ;
N. Y., Macmillan, $3), has been extended
to twice the size of the first issue, and
differs from the first volume in other re-
spects, notably in the inclusion of the
names of psychologists in the biographical
list, and in the addition, to the prefatory
material, of a useful list of the learned
societies of the world which gives the name
of the society, names, officers and title of
periodical publications. A new subject
handbook is "Who's who in music, a bio-
graphical record of contemporary musi-
cians," compiled and edited by H. Saxe
Wyndham and Geoff ry Lepine (London,
Pitman, 6s.). In this work English names
are in the majority, although the scope is
apparently intended to be international, and
the appended material, lists of musical in-
stitutions, schools, plans of music halls,
etc., is limited to England. Another new
publication is the "Suffrage annual and
women's who's who" (London, Stanley
Paul, 6s.), of which more than half is de-
voted to biography. The biographies are
of very unequal value and rather extended,
but furnish some material not obtainable
in other reference handbooks. The list in-
cludes brief articles on about one hundred
men interested in the suffrage movement.
February, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
107
A new edition of a standard dictionary
of American biography is the new "Bio-
graphical congressional directory, with an
outline history of the national Congress,
1774-1911." (Washington, Govt. Pr. Off.,
I9I3> IJS6 P«) Besides the list of biogra-
phies which makes up the greater part of
the book, there is a list of names of exec-
utive officers arranged by administrations,
list of the members of the Continental Con-
gresses, and members of each Congress,
1789-1911, arranged by states.
As supplementary material to the great
general and national dictionaries of biog-
raphy, the biographical dictionaries and di-
rectories of colleges and universities are
often of importance, especially for infor-
mation about comparatively obscure names.
There have been several important addi-
tions to this group. Mr. F. B. Dexter's
important dictionary of Yale biography,
the "Biographical sketches of the grad-
uates of Yale College" has been completed
by the publication of volume 6, which car-
ries the record through the class of 1815,
making the whole period covered that of
1701-1815. This is an excellent reference
tool for American biography of the i8th
and early I9th centuries, the articles are
good and there are excellent bibliographies.
(Yale University Press, v. 6, $5.) For Eng-
lish colleges there have been several new
publications. That standard work, Cooper's
"Athenae Cantabrigienses" has been com-
pleted by the publication of a third volume,
edited by George G. Gray, which includes
corrections, additional names and a new
index to the whole work. (Cambridge,
Bowes, 163 p. 6s.) It is interesting to note
that while many of the articles in the
'Athenae Cantabrigienses" have been su-
perseded by the later articles in the "Dic-
tionary of national biography," there are
still some 700 names included in the former
that do not appear in the latter work.
Other dictionaries of college graduates
which contain biographical information in
some detail are: "Admissions to Peter-
house, or St. Peter's College in the Uni-
versity of Cambridge, 1615-1911" (Cam-
bridge Univ. Press, 1912, 305.) ; "Biograph-
ical register of Christ's College, 1505-1905,
and of the earlier foundation, God's House,
1448-1505," by John Peile (Cambridge
Univ. Press, 2 v., 1910-1913, £2), and "Ma-
triculation albums of the University of
Glasgow, 1728-1858," transcribed and an-
notated by W. Innes Addison (Glasgow,
Maclehose, 607 p, 2 is.).
GEOGRAPHY AND TOPOGRAPHY
Several new or revised atlases have ap-
peared during the year. Of first import-
ance is the new edition of "Johnston's
Royal atlas of modern geography" (Lon-
don, Johnston, £4 45.), issued early in
1913, in which the number of maps have
been extended from fifty-six to sixty and
the maps themselves revised and changed
to show new discoveries, explorations, rail-
roads and cable routes, changes in bound-
aries by treaty, etc. An excellent feature
of both this atlas and the fine German
atlas by Stieler is that all the maps can be
purchased separately, either to supply ex-
tra copies or to replace worn or mutilated
plates. The "Forest atlas of the United
States" and the atlas of "Coal resources of
the world" have already been mentioned in
the section on Science and technology, and
the two Philips atlases in the section Busi-
ness and commerce. The "Atlas of an-
cient history," by W. R. Shepherd, is a
reprint of the 25 maps in the ancient his-
tory section of his "Historical atlas." The
library which has his larger work will not
need the reprint, but the latter is a con-
venient and inexpensive atlas for in-
dividual purchase by the high school or
college student. (N. Y., Holt, 90 c.) Two
new titles have been added to the series of
literary and historical atlases included in
"Everyman's library." These are: "A lit-
erary and historical atlas of Asia" and "A
literary and historical atlas of Africa and
Australasia," both by J. G. Bartholomew.
(London, Dent; N. Y., Dutton; lib. bind-
ing, i s. 6d. ea. ; 50 c. ea.) In the general
character of the maps and gazetteer, and
in the inclusion of a chapter on coinage the
two new volumes resemble the volumes on
Europe and America already noted in this
series.
HISTORY
As .usual the important new reference
books in history are, in most cases, bib-
io8
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[February, 1914
liographies. There are several new aids
for students of French history. The great
set of "Sources de 1'histoire de France,"
compiled for the early periods by Molinier
and for the i6th century by Hauser, has
advanced as far as part 3, the i/th cen-
tury, edited by fimile Bourgois and Louis
Andre. The first volume of part 3, deal-
ing with the geography and general his-
tories of the I7th century, was published
during 1913. (Paris, Ricard, i2fr.) The
important bibliography of modern French
history, "Bibliographic des travaux publics
de 1866 a 1897 sur 1'histoire de France
depuis 1789," by Pierre Caron, which has
been in process of publication since 1907,
was completed by the end of 1912. (Paris,
Comely.) This is an excellent subject
bibliography, including both books and ar-
ticles in periodicals, society transactions,
etc., grouped by large subjects, with excel-
lent indexes of place and personal names.
So much periodical material has been in-
cluded that the bibliography is practically
an index to the historical articles in some
300 periodicals. Quite as important as the
completion of this bibliography is the re-
vival of its annual supplement, the "Reper-
toire methodique de 1'histoire moderne et
contemporaine de la France." This excel-
lent annual index, under the editorship of
Pierre Caron and Gaston Briere, was pub-
lished duly for six years, covering the
years 1897 to 1903, inclusive, and then was
suspended for a while. Publication was
resumed last year when the bibliography
for the year 1910-11, edited by Pierre
Caron and Robert Burnand, was issued in
connection with the Revue d'histoire mo-
derne, 1912-13. While this bibliography is
not sold separately from the Revue d'his-
toire it has its own paging, title pages and
indexes, and should be bound separately to
be of most use. This bibliography follows
the same classification as M. Caron's
larger work, lists the book material of the
period covered and indexes the historical
articles in more than 200 periodicals. The
bibliography for the year 1911-12 is now
in process of publication in the Revue for
1913-14, and the gap left when publication
was suspended after 1903 is to be bridged
by the publication of a volume for 1904-
06, now in press, and one for 1907-09, an-
nounced as in preparation. With Caron's
list for French history, Masslow's "Bi-
bliographic" for German history, the "An-
nuario bibliografico" for Italy and Miss
Griffin's "Writings on American history"
for the western hemisphere, the supply of
index-bibliographies of history covers the
most studied countries, with the exception
of England. It is much to be regretted
that there is no annual index of the liter-
ature of English history.
A recent publication on German history
is the fourth revised and enlarged edition
of Dr. Victor Loewe's "Biicherkunde
der deutschen Geschichte, kritischer Weg-
weiser durch die neuere deutsche histor-
ische Literatur" (Altenburg, Rade, 3.5om.).
This bibliography gives a good selected list
of titles, with useful critical notes. For
the research worker in the field of Amer-
ican history there are two new guides to
source material, published by the Depart-
ment of Historical Research of the Car-
negie Institution. These are "Guide to the
material for the history of the United
States in the principal archives of Mexico,"
by Herbert E. Bolton (Washington, Car-
negie Inst., pub. 163) ; and "Guide to the
materials for United States history in Can-
adian archives," by David W. Parker
(Washington, Carnegie Inst., pub. 172).
The new historical atlases of the past year
have already been mentioned under the
heading Geography.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
The reference books of the year on sub-
jects of general bibliography have in-
cluded several important continuations and
new editions, although no one entirely new
book of the first importance has been pub-
lished during that period. Part 3 of the
"Catalogue of books printed in the i$th
century now in the British Museum" has
appeared (London, British Museum, 255.).
This new volume covers Germany (Leip-
zig-Pforzheim), German-speaking Switzer-
land and Austria-Hungary, and completes
the section of the catalog dealing with
German-speaking towns. It contains, be-
sides the descriptions of books, an introduc-
tion by A. W. Pollard, a topographical map,
February, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
109
indexes and facsimiles. There is a new
edition, revised, of Whitaker's "Reference
catalogue of current literature," which fol-
lows the general plan of the 1910 edition,
that is, and has the useful index in a sep-
arate volume (London, Whitaker, 2is.;
N. Y., Publishers' Weekly, $5, 3 vols.) A
bibliography of a very different sort which
is of service to book buyers is the new edi-
tion of "List of economical editions," com-
piled by LeRoy Jeffers (Chic., A. L. A.
Pub. Board, 32 p. 25 c.) This book
makes no attempt to guide the selection of
titles, but merely indicates the most eco-
nomical serviceable editions of certain
given titles. A good general bibliography
is the new edition of the "Catalogue of the
London Library," compiled by C. f . Hag-
berg Wright and C. J. Purnell (London,
London Library, 2 vols., 845.) This is a
revision and extension of the author and
title catalog published in 1903, and while
not comparable to the British Museum cat-
alog or even to the Peabody catalog, is
often very useful, for description of books,
identifications of editions or occasional
analytics.
Quite in a class by itself is Mr. Ron-
ald B. McKerrow's fine contribution to
the history of English printing and pub-
lishing, entitled "Printers' and publishers'
devices in England and Scotland, 1485-
1640" (London, Bibliog. Soc., 216 p. 65
double plates, subs.) This sumptuous work
is issued as one of the Bibliographical So-
ciety's illustrated monographs, and is a
complement to the three biographical dic-
tionaries of English printers compiled re-
spectively by R. B. McKerrow, Henry R.
Plomer and E. Gordon Duff and published
by the Society in its octavo series. "Print-
ers' and publishers' devices" contains de-
tailed descriptions and facsimiles of 428
devices, a dictionary of the names of cer-
tain printers containing information about
transfers of devices, and five indexes of
devices by (i) size, (2) printers, (3) mot-
toes, (4) initials of designers and engrav-
ers, and (5) subjects. An important new
dictionary of publishing terms is the "Vo-
cabulair-. technique de 1'editeur en sept
langues" (Berne, Congres international des
editeurs; N. Y., R. R. Bowker Co., $4).
This work, which was prepared by the ex-
ecutive committee of the International
Congress of Publishers, in cooperation
with the publishers' associations of differ-
ent countries, consists of an alphabetical
list of 3529 terms, in their French form,
with full definitions and explanations in
French, and, in parallel columns, an indi-
cation of the equivalent terms in English,
German, Spanish, Italian, Dutch and Mag-
yar. There are indexes for all the lan-
guages except French, and a variety of ap-
pended material useful in reference work,
such as tables of duration of author's
rights in different countries, sample pages
of proof corrected according to the dif-
ferent national usages, tables of sizes and
names of type, etc.
A new edition, the ninth, of Clegg's
"International directory of book-sellers' and
bibliophile's manual" brings the material in-
cluded in the 1910 edition to date, con-
tinues the special features of that edition
and adds as a new feature a useful selected
list of national, local and subject bibliog-
raphies (N. Y., Dodd, $2). A new
reference book on bibliophiles, from the
bookseller's point of view, is "Book col-
lectors and their hobbies" (Washington,
Rare Book Shop, 74 p. $5), which lists the
names of some 1900 book collectors ar-
ranged by the subjects of their collections.
While incomplete and possibly less com-
prehensive than the list of collectors (ar-
ranged by localities) included in the
"American library annual," "Book collec-
tors" will have a certain use as supple-
menting the "Library annual" list because
of its subject arrangement.
LIBRARIES
The 1912-13 issue of the "American li-
brary annual" continues all the special feat-
ures of the 1911-12 volume, devoting most
space to the useful "Index to dates" al-
ready mentioned, but revising and extend-
ing its other lists. Other recent reference
books on libraries are the new issue of the
"Libraries, museums and art galleries year
book, 1914," compiled by A. J. Philip (Lon-
don, Stanley Paul, 8s. 6d.), a revision of
the 1910-11 issue, and an entirely new
work, the "Index to library reports," com-
no
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[February, 1914
piled by Kitherine T. Moody (Chicago,
A. L. A. Pub. Board, $i). The latter is
a selective, not an exhaustive, index of the
reports of some 171 American libraries and
library commissions, more useful in the
public than in the college or special library.
WILLIAM C. KIMBALL
NEWS of the sudden death, on Jan. 17,
of William C. Kimball, chairman of the
New Jersey Public Library Commission,
came as a shock to his fellow-members, co-
workers and friends, and the following
minute was prepared to give expression to
the appreciation of the members of the
commission of the great service he ren-
dered to the library interests of New
Jersey, and of their loss at his unexpected
departure from among them.
"Mr. Kimball was born in Boxford, Essex
Co., Mass., in 1847, was graduated from
Putnam Academy, Newburyport, Mass., and
moved to Passaic, N. J., in 1887. There
he took an active interest in the welfare of
the town and was the first president of the
Passaic Board of Trade. Mr. Kimball was
also instrumental in having the city estab-
lish a free public library in 1894, and was
in consequence appointed a member of the
board of trustees. From that time until
his death he was zealous and untiring in
the endeavor to advance the library inter-
ests of his adopted city and state. Largely
through his personal efforts the New Jersey
Library Association was formed in 1891.
He saw that greater results could be ac-
complished through organized than through
individual effort, and that frequent meet-
ings of librarians would be advantageous
to all. Mr. Kimball served upon the ex-
ecutive board of the association many
times in a minor capacity, although he on
four occasions refused to accept the presi-
dency after his nomination on the plea
that some one else should be honored, as
he was at all times working for the asso-
ciation, whether in office or not. Eight
years' experience with the association made
him realize that the field was too large to
be covered by a voluntary organization, and
that it was necessary that the state should
act; and thereupon he started a movement
looking toward the creation of the New
Jersey Public Library Commission. It was
almost entirely through his work that the
act creating the commission was passed and
approved in 1900.
"Recognizing his work for the libraries
of New Jersey, Governor Voorhees ap-
pointed Mr. Kimball as one of the first
members of the commission, and he was
chosen to be its chairman on May 22, 1900.
Until his death he continued to serve in
both capacities, just as he had continued
to serve the city of Passaic as a member
of its board of trustees. Under his direc-
tion the Peter Reid Memorial Library was
erected in the mill section of Passaic, and
branches were established throughout the
city. Mr. Kimball had served upon the
Council of the American Library Associa-
tion and was a member of the A. L. A.
committee on library training. He was one
of the three trustees of the Carnegie En-
dowment Fund of the A. L. A.
"By his death the state has lost a faithful,
intelligent and indefatigable public servant,
and the library interests of New Jersey an
earnest champion and friend."
The record of Mr. Kimball's life and his
work in behalf of libraries in the minute
of the commission will be thoroughly ap-
preciated by all in the library profession
who have known Mr. Kimball or known of
his work. Few outside the profession have
taken so large a part in the deliberations of
the American Library Association as well
as of state and interstate meetings, and
the portrait given in this issue will remind
many co-workers of his genial and kindly
presence.
EVERY good book, or piece of book, is
full of admiration and awe ; it may contain
firm assertion, or stern satire, but it never
sneers coldly, nor asserts haughtily, and it
always leads you to reverence or love some-
thing with your whole heart.— JOHN Rus-
KIN.
\VIT.LT AM C. KIMBALL,
Late Chairman of the New Jersey Library Commission
February, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
III
LIST OF BOOKS BY AMERICAN
TWENTIETH CENTURY POETS
FOR PUBLIC LIBRARIES
THE following list of representative
books by American poets of the present
decade has been made by a committee of
the Poetry Society of America, and is here
published in response to requests from
many librarians. The selection is neces-
sarily incomplete. Among living American
poets Mr. Stevenson found 165 worthy in
his opinion to be included in the "Home
book of verse/' A selection of half a
hundred would naturally be taken from
among many equally valuable. Another
recommended list may well therefore fol-
low this one in a short time. The desire
has been simply to present a group, within
reasonable limits as to number, that may
be recommended for early purchase by li-
braries that desire to help their readers to
keep in touch with the present marked
movement in American poetry.
Barker, Elsa. The frozen grail; The book
of love. Duffield.
Branch, Anna Hempstead. The heart of the
road; The shoes that danced; The rose
of the wind. Houghton Mifflin.
Brown, Alice. The road to Castaly.
Houghton Mifflin.
Burton, Richard. Dumb in June ; Lyrics of
brotherhood; Message and melody. Lo-
throp, Lee & Shepard.
Bynner, Witter. An ode to Harvard.
Small, Maynard.
Carman, Bliss. Complete ed. 2 vols. L.
C. Page.
Carman and Hovey. Songs from Vaga-
bondia. Small, Maynard.
Cawein, Madison. Selected ed. Macmil-
lan; or, Complete ed., Bobbs-Merrill.
Coates, Florence Earle. Poems; Lyrics of
life. Houghton Mifflin.
Cone, Helen Gray. The ride to the lady
and other poems. Houghton Mifflin.
Daly, Thomas Augustine. Carmina. Lane ;
Madrigali. Philadelphia, McKay.
Dargan, Olive Tilford. Lords and lovers;
Semiramis. Scribner's.
Davis, Fa inie Stearns. Myself and I.
Macmillui.
Garrison, Theodosia. The joy o' life ; The
earth cry. Kennerley.
Guiney, Louise Imogen. Happy ending.
Houghton Mifflin.
Hagedorn, Hermann. Troop of the guard.
Houghton Mifflin.
Hovey, Richard. Along the trail; The
marriage of Guinevere; The birth of
Galahad; Taliesin. Duffield.
Johnson, Robert Underwood. Poems. Cen-
tury Co.
Jones, Thomas S., jr. The rose jar.
Mosher.
Kilmer, Joyce. A summer of love. Dou-
bleday, Page.
Knowles, Frederic Lawrence. Love tri-
umphant; On life's stairway. Dana Estes.
Le Gallienne, Richard. New poems; The
lonely dancer. Lane.
Lodge, George Cabot. Poems and dramas.
Houghton Mifflin.
MacKaye, Percy. Jeanne d'Arc; Canter-
bury pilgrims; Uriel and other poems.
Macmillan.
Markham, Edwin. The man with the hoe;
Lincoln and other poems. Doubleday,
Page.
Mifflin, Lloyd. Complete sonnets. Oxford
University Press.
Miller, Joaquin. Complete ed. Whitaker
& Ray-Wiggin.
Moody, William Vaughn. Complete poems
and dramas. Houghton Mifflin.
Neihardt, John G. Bundle of myrrh; The
stranger at the gate. Kennerley.
Norton, Grace Fallow. Little grey songs
from St. Joseph's. Houghton Mifflin.
O'Sheel, Shaemus. The blossomy bough.
Franklin Press.
Peabody, Josephine Preston. The piper;
The singing leaves; The singing man.
Houghton Mifflin.
Pound, Ezra. Provenga. Small, Maynard.
Reese, Lizette Woodworth. A quiet road;
A wayside lute. Mosher.
Rice, Cale Young. Porzia; Many gods;
A night in Avignon. Doubleday, Page.
Riley, James Whitcomb. Complete poems.
Bobbs-Merrill.
Robinson, Edwin Arlington. Children of
the night; The town down the river.
Scribner's.
Rolt- Wheeler, Francis. Nimrod. Lothrop,
Lee & Shepard.
112
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[February, 1914
Santayana, George. Sonnets. Duffield.
Scollard, Clinton. The hills of song ; Lutes
of morn. G. W. Browning, Clinton, N. Y.
Schauffler, Robert Haven. Scum o' the
earth. Houghton Mifflin.
Sherman, Frank Dempster. Lyrics of joy.
Houghton Mifflin.
Sterling, George. Testimony of the suns;
A wine of wizardry. A. M. Robertson,
S. F.
Stickney, Trumbull. Poems and dramas.
Houghton Mifflin.
Stringer, Arthur. The woman in the rain.
Little, Brown.
Teasdale, Sara. Helen of Troy. Putnam's.
Thomas, Edith M. A winter swallow,
Scribner's; Fair shadowland, The in-
verted torch, Houghton Mifflin; The
. house of a hundred lights, Small, May-
nard; Eldorado, Lane; Abelard and
Heloise, Scribner's.
Towne, Charles Hanson. A quiet singer;
Beyond the stars. Kennerley.
Underwood, John Curtis. The iron muse.
Putnam's.
Untermeyer, Louis. First love. Sherman,
French.
Upson, Arthur. Selected poems. Mosher.
Van Dyke, Henry. Poems. Scribner's.
Viereck, George Sylvester. Nineveh; The
candle and the flame. Moffat, Yard.
Wheelock, John Hall. The human fan-
tasy. Sherman, French.
Wilcox, Ella Wheeler. The love-sonnets
of Abelard and Heloise. Conkey.
Wilkinson, Florence. The far country.
Doubleday, Page ; The ride home, Hough-
ton Mifflin.
Winter, William. Poems. Moffat, Yard.
Woodberry, Geo. Edw. Poems. Macmillan.
A LIBRARY is not a luxury, but one of the
necessaries of life. No man has a right
to bring up his children without surround-
ing them with books, if he has the means to
pay for them. — HENRY WARD BEECHER.
THE opening of a free public library is
a most important event in any town. There
is no way in which a community can more
benefit itself than in the establishment of a
library which shall be free to all people. —
WILLIAM McKiNLEY.
OPENING OF THE HARRISBURG,
PA., PUBLIC LIBRARY
HARRISBURG'S new library building was
opened to the public on Jan. I with simple
exercises, to which everyone was invited.
Brief remarks were made by Governor
John K. Tener, State Librarian T. L. Mont-
gomery, Mayor John K. Royal, Harry A.
Boyer, president of the school board, and
Miss Alice R. Eaton, librarian, who gave
an historical review of libraries in Harris-
burg. Following the formal declaration of
the opening of the library by Casper Dull,
president of the board of trustees, the reg-
istration books were opened to the public.
The building is of gray native stone,
with white marble trimmings and wrought
iron railings; the roof moss-green. The
style of architecture is colonial, of the
type most used in early Pennsylvania. The
building and the site on which it stands,
with a generous endowment for library
purposes, are gifts by will of Mrs. Sarah
J. Haldeman-Haly, who died some years
ago. The corner-stone of the building was
laid July 17, 1912.
The site was for many years an old-
fashioned garden laid out by one of Mrs.
Haly s ancestors, an early settler of Har-
risburg, in paths with boxwood borders,
sun-dial, quaint statuary, and beautiful
flowers and shrubs. The location is near
the business center of the city, and on one
of the principal trolley lines, but has also
the advantage of overlooking the Susque-
hanna river at one of the most beautiful
points of that picturesque stream, and is
between the two bridges.
The main room of the interior is unique
in its great length, being 170 feet long by
40 feet wide. The woodwork and ceiling
arches are white, the walls a pale buff, the
base boards, doors and furniture mahog-
any. The bookcases, seven feet in height,
run around the walls of the entire room.
By floor cases the room has been divided
into reference and reading section, circu-
lating department and children's section.
The charging and registration desks, of
mahogany in the hi test Library Bureau de-
sign, are in the center of the room directly
opposite the main entrance. Two attractive
February, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
fireplaces, one in the children's section, the
other in the reference section, have and-
irons, and other furnishings in a style ap-
propriate to the colonial interior. There
are no railings or stiles to pass on enter-
ing, but comfortable settees invite the vis-
itor to linger. The lower floor, at street
level, contains the work rooms, trustees'
room, stack room, and assembly room. As
the building is heated from the city steam
plant, furnace rooms could be omitted.
By provision of Mrs. Haly's will the
library is to be free to the residents of
Harrisburg and vicinity, a population some-
what over a hundred thousand. The Har-
risburg Public Library Association was
chartered in 1889, and has since that date
maintained a library for the use of which
a small yearly membership fee was
charged. When the new building was
erected the trustees decided to have the
library entirely reorganized by modern li-
brary methods. The books were moved
from the old library building during the
past summer, cataloged and renovated, the
collection being supplemented by many new
purchases.
An appropriation for maintenance during
the present year has been made by the
Board of School Controllers, and they have
also given a full set of the textbooks used
in the schools for reference use in the
library.
When the building opened there were
approximately 10,000 volumes cataloged
and ready for use, and 60 or more weekly
and monthly periodicals on file in the read-
ing room. With the provision made for
the growth of the collection, there is every
reason to expect the library to fill its true
place in the community as the educational
center for all classes.
POSTAL LIBRARIES
A NEW scheme has been brought forward
by the commissioner of commerce and
manufacturers in Lethbridge, Alberta, ask-
ing for a "postal library" covering the
whole Dominion of Canada.
The Government, it is suggested, is to
purchase and own ten million books, shelv-
ing them in the post offices, and make
house delivery of them, as they now do
letters, by the "posties." The borrower's ap-
plication is to be made on special post card,
carrying sufficient stamps to cover the cose
charges, estimated at two cents per week
per book. The location of books to be one
per head of population served by the local
office ; and the smaller outlying office — when
the need arises — will borrow the desired
rarer book from the nearest city office,
which will have the longer shelf list.
The estimated cost is $10,000,000 for
book purchases, and say $5,000,000 for new
storage and shelving and stationery, the
total being less than the cost of building a
super-Dreadnought; and the two cent use-
charge is expected to make the enterprise
self supporting.
Mr. Joseph P. Tracy, the ingenious au-
thor of the scheme, claims among its ad-
vantages cheapness of book purchase,
handling and distribution, and the easy
reaching of all remote frontiers, an enor-
mous frontage, where education is most de-
sirable and to-day non-existent.
His suggestion does not include reading
rooms, but does not exclude the higher
journalism, and does compass the borrow-
ing of lantern slides, moving picture films,
and sheet music, also the hiring of a libra-
rian for research work, at a suggested cost
of fifty cents per hour to the inquirer.
The plan is not looked upon with favor
by all, as the following letter, contributed
to the Stratford Herald two days after the
first proposal of the scheme, will show :
"The Lethbridge Tostal Library' scheme
seems the thought of one who loves his
fellowman. But it at once calls up the
query, Ts it better than the "National" Li-
brary which the O. L. A. has at heart, and
that the Stratford Library Institute unan-
imously voted for at its last November
meeting here?'
"For those who do not know the 'Na-
tional,' it may be said that it is a plan for
a central depot of valuable information
from which any local free library can bor-
row recorded knowledge, that is quite be-
yond its money power to purchase.
"The Government, it is expected, will be
at the cost of mailing the books both ways ;
and, as they will — except when in transit--
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
{February, 1914
always be in some library building, the risk Butler, I ndiana 9,000
by thief and fire loss is small. g^ei To^d'cUy' Township Indian^ I'.lll
"It is hoped that all the legislative, uni- ££aries,tj)n» West Virginia 45,000
, . f . , . i Chatfield, Minnesota 6,000
versity, historical, and learned societies in Clinton Township, Waterman, Illinois 3,500
the Dominion will take part in this wide JSl&cSStt:::::"::^-*:: 3SS
plan, and have their special books cata- Covin:?ton, Indiana 10,000
j .,, , . . . ,. , Cresco, Iowa 10,000
loged — with their locations listed — so that Crete, Nebraska 10,000
such of these books as they are willing to Dawson, SSSrg£l!C??: \\\\\\\\\\'.'.\'.\\\\ w.ow
lend will not have to be purchased for the Deievan Township, Illinois io!ooo
central distributing office, thus lessening the Ifeo^New £^y J^!^?.::". £%£>
cost of starting this far-reaching educa- furek^KaSS*0" 900*0*
tional institution. Excelsior Springs', 'Missouri'.*.'.'.'.'.'.'.".'.' ". *.'.'" io!ooo
"When organized, so that it has a con- gj?*g$, ^^\V.V.V::.V.V.V.V::::: i&S
tinuous legal existence, many donations of Fayette, Missouri •••••• *o,ooo
, , , ... . . .,, Franklin, Indiana (city and township).. 14,000
books and mSS. Will come to it by Will or Franklin, Tennessee (for Williamson
r1ir<»rf trifr County) 5,000
Franklin, Texas 7,5oo
The -National IS devised tO help the Gaffney, South Carolina 7,500
not-rich who are anxious to study. The Ga^GUy^indiana! !!!!!!!!!!!!!'/.'.'.'.'.'.'.'! "'ooo
•Postal' to get rid of Mr. Carnegie's bene- gH*^°$36i»: :"". IV.V.V.:: ! 1 1 'KS
ncence and help the northern frontiers- Graceville, Minnesota (city and township). 6,000
man who is willing to pay book-rental. gsS pS; or™gon.ta::: ::::::: ::::::: xi,1£
But, Until OUr thin fringes of pioneers make Greencville. Tennessee (town of Greene-
. . . * ville and Greene County) 10,000
wider use of the free traveling libraries — Gridiey, California 7,000
such as Ontario provides-than they now ^S5^Jpoe^::;::::::;;:;::::::::' \l%£>
do, it does not encourage anyone familiar Hilisboro, Oregon........... 10,000
.,, . ... Huntington Beach, California 10,000
with actual library work to see in the cost- Huntington School District, New York. . . . io,coo
ly 'Postal' ($15,000,000 to start) any use- ^^^. .T?^. . .^?. . ^ ™ . .TfT^lf 8,000
ful help in the education Of those who are Kingman, Indiana (town and township)..
winning farms from the brush and prairie. KiaJmST' c?u"tyf 'Oregon.'.'.'.'.'.'. '!!'. !!!!!! 20)000
"Due to sleepiness, the book study of f.a Grande, Oregon 12,500
, 1,,.. Lincoln, Kansas 0,000
those who spend the daylight in open-air Lyons, New York 12,500
labor is limited, and if they have to pay, it ffl±^°llS^::::::::::::";:::;;:: \l?£
will be leSS Medford, Wisconsin 6,000
<<T> , , f .. _ Mercer Township, Illinois ». 10,000
Both plans COUnt on full Government Monon, Indiana (town and township) 10,000
lifln Thp 'National' ran mat-A an offi/MAnt Mooresville and Biov/n Townships, Indiana. 10,000
IC1P- maKe an emcient Neillsville, Wisconsin 10,000
start on one-tenth of the first cost of the Newaygo, Michigan 5,000
,_, ,, , ... . New Castle, Indiana 20,000
Postal, but Will require an annual expen- New Haven, Connecticut (three branches). 60,000
ditiire " Niitlev, New Jersey 15,000
ire' Orland, California 8,000
Ortonville, Minnesota 10,000
Osjrood Town and Center Township, In-
CARNEGIE CORPORATION LIBRARY
GIFTS, 1913
Akron, Indiana $12,500 Price, Utah 10,000
Alden, Iowa 9,000 Renton, Washington 10,000
Allegan, Michigan 10,000 Roachdale Town and Franklin Township,
Armada, Michigan (town and township).. 8,000 Indiana 10,000
Aurora, Missouri 9,000 St. George, Washington County, Utah 5,000
Bainbridge, Georgia 10,000 St. Petersburg, Florida 12,500
Beaumont Library District, California 10,000 Sedro-Woollty, Washington 10,000
Beaver, Utah 10,000 Sharon, Massachusetts 10,000
Belleville, Illinois 45,ooo Shelton Township, Nebraska 9,ooo
Bement, Illinois (village and township) 10,000 Shoals Town and Townships of Halbert
Bloomfield, Nebraska 5 ,000 and Center, Indiana 10,000
Bolivar, Missouri 8,000 Sidney, Nebraska 0,500
Boonville, Indiana 12,000 Sigourney, Iowa 10,000
Brook Town and Iroquois Township, In- South Whitley. Indiana (town and town-
diana 7>o°° ship) 10,000
Burton, Ohio (village and township) 7,$oo Tripp, South Dakota S.ooo
Burwell, Nebraska S.ooo Tuscarawas County, Ohio 50,000
February, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
Twin Falls. Idaho ...................... . 15,000
Two Rivers, Wisconsin ................. . 12,500
Union, Brown County, Ohio .............. 10,000
Upper Montclair, New Jersey ............. 20,000
Waterloo, Indiana (town and township) . . 9,000
Watts, California ........................ 10,000
Waupaca, Wisconsin ..................... 10,000
Webb City, Missouri .................... 25,000
West Allis, Wisconsin .................. . 1 5,000
West Point, Mississippi .................. 10,000
West Tampa, Florida ................... 17,500
AVestville, Indiana (town and township) . . 8,000
Willits, California ...................... 8,000
Wyoming, Illinois ....................... 5,600
Yreka, California ........................ 8,000
Total, 112 library buildings ............ $1,282,100
INCREASES, UNITED STATES
Barren, Wisconsin ........................
Bayonne, New Jersey ...................
Bloomington, Indiana ....................
Boise, Idaho .............................
Bradford, Pennsylvania ..................
Burlington, Kansas .......................
Carmel Town and Clay Township, Indiana.
Coalinga Library District, California ......
Elizabeth, New Jersey ...................
Evansviile, Indiana (colored branch) .....
Fostoria, Ohio ...........................
Garland, Utah ...........................
Gas City, Indiana (for Mill Township)...
Glen E'llyn, Illinois ....................
Green Bay, Wisconsin ...................
Idaho Falls, Idaho ......................
Middleport, Ohio (flood damage) ........
Nutley, New Jersey ....................
Oakland, Maine .........................
Olympla, Washington (city and county)...
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania .................
Plymouth, Indiana .......................
Reading, Pennsylvania ...................
St. George, Washington County, Utah..
Santa Cruz, California (two branches) ....
Springfield, Massachusetts ................
Tulsa, Oklahoma .........................
INCREASE, SCOTLAND
Mid Yell, Shetland ..................... £50
INCREASES, IRELAND
Kingston ............................... £112:10
Youghal ............................... i0
OTHER GIFTS, ORIGINAL
Balclutha, New Zealand
Benoni, Transvaal
Fairlie, New Zealand (for Ridings 'of
Fairlie, Tekapo and Opuha)
Heidelberg, Cape Colony
Newcastle, Natal ,
£262:10
£1,000
3,000
1,000
800
1,500
$500
30,000
12,500
15.000
10,000
656
2,000
10,000
3»106
10,000
2,500
3.000
4,500
2,000
15,000
5,000
600
5,ooo
4,000
15,000
1 50,000
5,ooo
11,180
3,000
6,000
10,000
7,500
£7,300
OTHER GIFTS, INCREASES
Timaru, New Zealand £1,500
SUMMARY OF LIBRARY BUILDINGS, 1913
U. S. and Canada, 122 new gifts, includ-
ing 123 new buildings $1,425,100.00
U. S. and Canada, 33 increases to pre-
vious gifts, including 3 new buildings.. 377,042.00
United Kingdom, 3 new gifts, including
4 new buildings 152,500.00
United Kingdom, 4 increases to previous
gifts 3,502.50
South Africa, 3 new buildings 26,500.00
New Zealand, 2 new buildings 10,000.00
New Zealand, i increase to previous gift. 7,500.00
130 new gifts, including 132 new build-
ings.
38 increases to previous gifts, including
3 new buildings.
Total amount granted, including 135 new
library buildings $2,002,144.50
Library gifts for 1913 total $2,002,144.50, as against
$1,406,203. in 1912.
The total library gifts to date, Dec. 31, 1913,
granted by Mr. Carnegie personally or by Carnegie
Corporation of New York:
27 library increases, including 3 new 2<55 public library buildings $57,119,569.50
buildings $343,042 ^£ college library buildings 3,675.753-oo
ORIGINAL GIFTS, CANADA 257o library buildings. $60,795,322.50
Brandon, Manitoba $36,000
Exetde?,nionarioa.ri?::::::::::.v::::::::::: t%Z ANNUAL MEETING AT OXFORD,
KerronS14.0:::::::::::::::::::::: !?;r ^^-PRELIMINARY NOTICE
Millbrook and Township of Cavan, Ontario. 8,000
North Battleford, Saskatchewan 15,000 THE next annual meeting of the English
i££S Library Association win be held at ox-
' ontani0::::::::::::::: "C ford' by invitation of the curators of the
Bodleian Library and the mayor and cor-
Total, n library buildings $I43.ooo poration Q£ ^ dt frQm Mond Au
INCHES, CANADA ^ ^ g The ^
Brantford. Ontario . $11000 i ,•, Z « • . . ....
Edmonton, Alberta ". "... 15,000 chancellor of the university is ex officw
I^H^t' Ontario\-::::::::::::::::: £S chairman of the board of curators, and the
Owen Sound, Ontario 1,000 mayor of the city is chairman of the city
Pembroke, Ontario 2,000 ^^ committee>
6 library increases $34,000 The association has not met in Oxford
ORIGINAL GIFTS, ENGLAND AND WALES since its first annual meeting in 1878.
Bethnal Green, London £15,000 As it is expected that there will DC a
Derby, (two branches) 10,000 , ^. . * f . e t .
large gathering of members of the Amer-
£25,000 jcan Library Association, and also of Can-
INCREASE, ENGLAND AND WALES ,. ,., ., Ml L
Midaiesborough £388 ac"an libraries, an endeavor will be mace
OM^ «*, SCOTLAND " to Sive a kind of international tone to the
Airdrie £5,500 meeting, and to arrange for papers and
no
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[February, 1914
discussions on subjects of wider and more
general interest than usual.
The following are among the subjects
which may be placed on the program. In
each case a member and a visitor will be
invited to begin the debate, which will then
be open for general discussion:
The place of the library in a university.
The legitimate field of the public municipal
library.
The duties of a library committeeman or
trustee.
Modern influences antagonistic to the read-
ing oi books.
Principles of book selection and book re-
jection.
The following may be the subjects of
special papers :
The development of the library associations
since the first annual meeting at Oxford
in 1878.
Modern methods of accelerating the sup-
ply of books to readers.
A history of the title-page (with lantern
slides, and an exhibition in the Bodleian
Picture Gallery).
The historical extension of the Bodleian
buildings (with lantern slides).
Oxford in literature.
National libraries for the blind.
Recent developments in library planning.
The program will not be limited to the
subjects and papers mentioned.
A local committee is making arrange-
ments for the meetings to be held in the
Sheldonian Theater, Divinity School, and
municipal buildings ; for one or two lec-
tures on features of Oxford, and for ex-
hibits by local publishing firms and other
industries connected with library matters,
especially the Clarendon (or University)
Press.
The general scheme of the meeting (sub-
ject to alteration) is that papers will be
read at the morning sessions, excursions to
the Bodleian Library, college libraries, the
City Library, the Castle (built by the first
Norman governor of Oxford), the cathe-
dral, the colleges, Blenheim Palace (the
seat of the Duke of Marlborough), Iffley
(with its fine Norman church), and Nune-
ham (the seat of the Rt. Hon. L. Har-
court, M.P.) — the last two reached by
river — and other places are contemplated
for the afternoons; while a reception by
the university and city authorities, a con-
versazione in the Ashmolean Museum, the
Association dinner, and one or more lec-
tures on Oxford may be arranged for the
evenings.
Lists of hotels and lodging houses, with
prices, will be issued in due course. It is
hoped that the colleges will find themselves
able to take in some at least of the guests
from abroad.
Further details will be published in am-
ple time, but the council and the local com-
mittee desire to take the earliest opportu-
nity of extending a most cordial invitation
and welcome to their brothers and col-
leagues across the seas. Intimation of in-
tention to be present should be sent in as
early as possible, so that full particulars
may be addressed in good time to those
who expect to attend the meeting.
On this occasion librarians from the
United States of America, the Dominions
of Canada and Australia, the Union of
South Africa, India, and the continent of
Europe, are invited to attend without the
payment of any subscription. Residents in
the United Kingdom, not already fellows or
members, may become local members on
payment of the subscription of one guinea.
Letters and other communications in re-
gard to attendance, accommodation, and
local arrangements and excursions should
be addressed to the librarian, Bodleian Li-
brary, Oxford, or to the librarian, City
Library, Town Hall, Oxford.
Letters on subjects and papers in the
program should be addressed to the hon-
orary secretary of the publications com-
mittee (Henry Bond), or to the honorary
secretary (L. Stanley Jast), at the head-
quarters of the Association, Caxton Hall,
Westminster, S. W.
EUROPEAN TOUR OF THE AMER-
ICAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
THE travel committee have planned in
connection with the Bureau of University
Travel the following trip to Leipzig, via
the Mediterranean and Italy. It is believed
this trip will meet the wishes of those who
February, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
117
wish to go to Leipzig and see something of
the continent en route. As reservations
must be made, both going and returning,
as soon as possible, the committee asks
responses from those contemplating such
a trip at the earliest possible moment.
Notify F. W. Faxon, chairman travel com-
mittee, 83 Francis street, Fenway, Boston,
stating if you are likely to be a member of
this party. Following is the projected
itinerary :
July ii. Sail from Boston by the steamer
Canopic, $90 berth (or from
New York by the steamer
Carpathia July 9.)
17. The Azore Islands. A visit to
the old church and the gar-
dens.
19. Madeira. Excursion to Mount
Church.
21. Gibraltar. Carriage drive about
the city and across the neutral
ground to Spain.
22. Algiers. A visit to this inter-
esting Arab town.
24, 25. Naples. A visit to the re-
markable museum and a drive
to Posillippo.
26. Amalfi, Sorrento.
27. Capri. By steamer to this beau-
tiful island and a visit to the
Blue Grotto.
28. Pompeii. A leisurely view of
the ruins and luncheon in the
village.
July 29 Rome. Careful study of the
to Aug. 3. monuments of Republican and
Imperial Rome. The Forum,
the Palatine, the Colosseum,
the great Baths, the Pantheon.
A visit to St. Peter's Cathe-
dral and other great churches.
The Vatican, the Sistine
Chapel, the museums and gal-
leries. Drive out the Appian
Way to St. Paul's Without the
Walls, and to the catacombs.
Aug. 4 Florence. The most important
to Aug. 7. art center in the world. Visits
to the Uffizi and Pitti Gal-
leries and to the Academy, the
Cathedral, Baptistry and fa-
mous churches. The archaeo-
logical museum, the Tomb of
the Medici, excursions to San
Miniato and Fiesole.
Aug. 8 to Aug. 10. Venice. By gondolas to
the churches and palaces.
Visit the Cathedral of St.
Mark, the Doge's Palace and
the Academy. Excursion by
steamer to the Lido.
Aug. ii. Innsbruck. In the heart of the
Tyrol en route to the capital
of Bavaria.
12-13. Munich. In some ways the most
charming of German capitals.
We shall visit the galleries of
painting and sculpture and the
Royal Palace.
14-15. Nuremberg. Most mediaeval of
mediaeval cities and most fa-
mous amongst the ancient cit-
ies of the German Empire.
Aug. 1 6 to Aug. 1 8. Leipzig. Interna-
tional Exhibition of Graphic
Arts.
Return by any single cabin steamer of the
Leyland Line, from Liverpool to Boston,
rate $55.
Total cost of the trip from Boston, July
n, to Leipzig, Aug. 18, with transporta-
tion to London and return steamer berth
at $55, is $370.
The organized tour ends at Leipzig, it
being the thought of the committee that
the thirteen days intervening before the
meeting of the librarians at Oxford, Aug.
31, may better be left to the individual
wishes of the traveler. However, the Bu-
reau of University Travel, in whose care
the arrangements for the entire trip have
been placed, will provide transportation di-
rect from Leipzig to London within the
price quoted for the trip, or will arrange
for three days in Berlin, a day in Frank-
fort, a day on the Rhine, and five days in
Paris, at an additional cost of $100, for
those who desire to arrange such a dispo-
sition of the days between Aug. 18 at Leip-
zig and Aug. 31 at Oxford.
The price quoted includes steamship ac-
commodations as mentioned above; shore
excursions at the intermediate stops as
mentioned above ; hotels of the type of the
Royal at Naples, the d'Angleterre at Rome,
the Minerva at Florence, the Victoria or
Grand at Venice, the Rheinischerhof at
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
{February, 1914
Munich, the Wurttembergerhof at Nu-
remberg, and the Bristol at Dresden,
on the American plan, to include
lodging, breakfast, luncheon, dinner, with
the ordinary tips and fees ; carriages where
necessary for sight-seeing excursions; sec-
ond class rail and first class river, lake
and channel steamers; transportation of
steamer trunk for the ocean voyages only,
which will be transferred from Naples to
Liverpool free of cost; transportation, for
the land portion of the journey, of a large
portmanteau or suit case with small hand
bag. Return passage will be provided by
such steamer and on such date as desired,
providing accommodations are available, as
requested at the time that registration is
made.
In general it is intended to include all
necessary expenses of travel with the ex-
ception of stewards' fees on transatlantic
liners and such distinctly personal items as
personal laundry.
A preliminary deposit of $50 will be re-
quired to reserve a place in the party and
steamship accommodations. This the Bu-
reau of University Travel will return on
demand any time prior to four weeks be-
fore the date of sailing.
Many readers judge of the power of a
book by the shock it gives their feelings. —
LONGFELLOW.
American
Hssociation
THE 1914 CONFERENCE
The city of Washington has been unani-
mously chosen by the Executive Board as the
next meeting place of the Association. The
date has been definitely set as May 25 to 30.
Judging from the comments and opinions of
various members from widely different sec-
tions of country, the decision is a popular one
and will be generally welcomed. The board
had been of the impression that a middle-west
meeting place should be selected, or at least
that a point as far east as Washington should
not be chosen, in view of the 1913 meeting in
that section. In order to ascertain the real
feeling of the middle-west librarians a "straw
vote" was taken. The secretary selected eighty
representative members of the Association re-
siding in the middle-west states and asked
their preference, Washington in May or
Mackinac Island the first week in July. The
"returns" show Washington, 50, Mackinac Isl-
and, 23. This seemed to indicate clearly that
the middle-west librarians and library assist-
ants looked with much favor on Washington.
The national capital will undoubtedly be popu-
lar with the East and the South, and the
people from the Far West will not mind an-
other's day's ride, for they are used to it, or
else they can wait until 1915, in the hope that
the Association then will come to their region.
Of course it will be impossible for all the
delegates to be housed under one hostelry in
Washington. Headquarters will be at the
New Willard, the finest hotel in the capital,
but accommodations can only be had there
for about 200 members. The rates of the New
Willard, however, will be inconveniently high
to many. Across the street the New Ebbitts
offers accommodations for 400 or 500 at a rate
of $3 a day and up, American plan. A large
number of other hotels in the vicinity offer a
wide range of service and prices. Library as-
sistants will find room and board if desired
as low as $2 and $2.50 per day. A rooming
bureau will be established in Washington,
through which the members will be helped to
secure the class of accommodations they de-
sire. The Executive Board at its recent meet-
ing passed a vote restricting the services of the
rooming bureau in securing reduced rates at
the hotels to members of the Association, of
the affiliated societies, and of their families.
It has been found that a number of librarians
availed themselves of the reduced rates at the
hotels in time of conference without joining
either the Association, or affiliated societies,
and as there is a heavy expense to the Asso-
ciation in conducting a conference it seems
only just and fair that those profiting should
bear their share of the expense by joining the
Association and paying the very reasonable
membership fee.
The conference will be opened on Monday
and end on Saturday. The program
committee, fully appreciating the numerous
library and other educational features of
Washington which should be visited, propose
to have only four general sessions instead of
the usual six, and the various sections and
affiliated societies will be urged also to lighten
their program so as to give more free time to
delegates. It is hoped that a small pamphlet
will be compiled and distributed to all regis-
tering, enumerating various libraries in the
District, how to reach them, hours they are
open, principal attractions of each, and how
they may serve the librarians of the country at
large.
February, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
119
A special effort will be made to have our Expenditures
Canadian members attend this Washington Checks Nos. 40-51 (Vouchers Nos. 868-
meeting in large numbers, as a return, visit to $16,404-51
ours to their national capital in 1912. 2ala"ce ,Union Xr,ust CoiT°£ Chicago.. 1,143-71
r™ . , G. B. Utley, Balance Nat 1 Bank of
The program committee are already engaged Republic 250.00
on the program. Its general tone and nature Total Balance ~~I ~
will of course be influenced by the fact of its nCeRespectfuily* submitted! " *
presentation at the national capital and in (Signed) C. B. RODEK, Treasurer.
proximity to the national library and the va-
rious departmental libraries which perform a The budget for 1914 was adopted as follows:
more or less national service. The meetings BUDGET, 1914
will mostly be held in the New Willard hotel. Estimated Income
Perhaps for some of the large general ses- gfeg ^o^'fend' In^ $''393"'6
sions other arrangements will be made. A terest 4,200.00
number of pleasant social features are being £*,£ gSHBfBiiVVi; "•"'—
tentatively planned. The local arrangements 1913 1,170.18 $17,863.34
will be largely in the capable hands of Dr. Estimated Expenditures
Bowerman, the librarian of the Public Li- Salaries $4,200.00
brary of the District of Columbia, and of FSSfcfiSf""'" I'6°°'00
course the advice and cooperation of Dr. Put- Printing '. $2,050.00
nam will be at all times available and utilized gjgg^ Express^;*. «££
Post-conference plans have not yet been form- 2,525.00
ulated, but something interesting, enjoyable ^r^^^;'^-'
and relaxing may be confidently expected from A. L. A. Appropriation, Balance
the resourceful and experienced chairman of Exfp°rress9and Postage.- .' '. '. .' ! .' ! .' .' .' .
the travel committee. Supplies and incidentals 1.150.00
^ Washington will be such a magnet that it IS^ry' 'and ' PrintinV.Y.Y.Y.Y. ?££
is unnecessary to urge librarians to plan to Reprints 1,700.00
attend this conference. It will undoubtedly Bfeati<5r%1)...^...™ *,438.34
be one of the largest in the history of the $17,863.34
Association. It is hoped that each one who The advisability of preparing and printing
goes will carry home definite and clearer additional lists of foreign books was consid-
knowledge how his own community and his ered, and the secretary was instructed to pro-
own library may be helped by the Library of Ceed with securing the preparation and publi-
Congress, by the office of the Superintendent cation of such lists as seem to be in sufficient
of Documents, by the library of the Bureau of demand to warrant adequate financial support.
Education, the Department of Agriculture, The secretary reported that Miss Marvin's
and the other departmental systems. That will "Small library buildings" was entirely out of
make the 1914 Washington conference a sue- print and that Miss Marvin, owing to pressure
cess worthy of repetition in the future. of other work, could not be secured to pre-
G. B. U. pare a revised edition. Plans for securing a
A. L. A. PUBLISHING BOARD suitable editor were duly discussed.
Meeting of Publishing Board in Chicago, The advisability of preparing a list of sub-
Friday, Jan. 2, 1914. Present: Henry E. Leg- Ject headings for children's books was taken
ler, chairman, C. W. Andrews, A. E Bostwick under consideration. The secretary reported
H. C. Wellman, and the secretary. The report a conversation with Miss Margaret Mann, of
of Mr. C. B. Roden, treasurer, was presented Pittsburgh, in which she expressed the opinion
and received, and referred to the chairman of that a seParate list was not needed and would
the finance committee for auditing. The re- largely duplicate the lists already prepared for
port here follows: adult work, but that a pamphlet on this sub-
ject, listing certain exceptions for a children's
REPORT OF TREASURER — JAN. i-DEC. 31, 1913 catalog and treating how the various divisions
Receipts °^ knowledge should be handled as regards
Balance, Union Trust Company, Chicago, S.Ub|CCt hefinf *'' children's USe' ™ul<J ™'
Jan. i, 1913 $216935 tirely supply the need. It was voted that me
i±iclPt!^r AVsiiiation,' --CaVnV^ ":3S6:34 secretary communicate further with Miss
Fund interest 4,009.90 Mann, asking her to outline further her rec-
terest, January-December, 1913 12.63 ommendations and ascertain whether she would
$17,548.22 undertake the preparation of such a pamphlet.
120
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[February, 1914
It was voted that a pamphlet on library pub-
licity be prepared and that Mr. Charles E.
Rush be requested to undertake the prepara-
tion. Mr. Wellman was designated as a com-
mittee of one to whom the manuscript when
received should be referred for approval and
suggestion.
The question of periodical cards was next
brought to the attention of the board. Dr.
Andrews, a committee of one on periodical
cards, and the secretary explained to the board
that owing to an increase in cost of printing,
a new contract had been made with the Li-
brary Bureau, through which it was hoped the
cost of printing the cards would be met but
that nevertheless there had been a loss of
about $540 during 1913. It was voted that the
chairman and Dr. Andrews constitute a com-
mittee to devise means to lessen the deficit on
periodical cards.
Miss May Massee, editor of the Booklist,
presented certain features of the editorial work
of the Booklist, stating that very gratifying
cooperation was being secured in Chicago and
vicinity, at the University of Illinois and in a
number of other places. A number of ques-
tions of policy were discussed. On motion of
Mr. Wellman it was voted that the Publishing
Board consider the advisability of changing
the title of the Booklist and invite the mem-
bers of the Association to suggest suitable
names. The secretary was requested to have
this vote printed in the Bulletin of the Ameri-
can Library Association, and also to send the
same to the library periodicals.
The publication of an index to songs, which
subject Mr. Wellman had previously brought
to the attention of the members, was discussed.
It was voted that the subject be referred to
Mr. Wellman as a committee of one for a
preliminary survey as to the cost of prepara-
tion of such an index, what should be in-
cluded therein, where, how, and by whom the
work should be done. The secretary was in-
structed to ascertain whether the larger libra-
ries have at the present time such an index to
songs and whether they would be interested in
having such a list printed.
The publication of an index to kindergarten
songs was next considered, this subject, hav-
ing been recently brought to the attention of
the board by Dr. Bostwick, who had previously
informed the board that the St. Louis Public
Library had compiled for its own use such an
index. It was voted that the secretary secure
estimates of the cost of printing this index,
Dr. Bostwick having supplied the secretary
with information as to the nature and amount
of material.
The secretary reported correspondence with
Mr. H. M. Kent, of the Metropolitan Museum
of Art, relative to his proposal that the board
revise Sturgis and Krehbiel's "Bibliography of
fine arts." Mr. Kent reported that Prof. W.
H. Goodyear had a large collection of notes
which would be serviceable for such a revised
edition which could probably be secured. The
secretary was instructed to secure further in-
formation.
The secretary reported that he had recently
circularized libraries inviting subscriptions to a
supplement to the A. L. A. "Index to general
literature," cumulating for this purpose the
"Annual library index, 1900-1910." He called
attention to the large amount of duplication be-
tween this material and the "Readers' guide
to periodical literature, 1905-1909," and it was
taken by consent by the board that the board's
cumulation should include only all material
not in the above volume of the "Readers'
guide." The secretary was requested to report
on the cost of the work and a suitable person
available to compile it.
The secretary was instructed to take up with
Miss Hitchler the desirability of revising her
"Cataloging for small libraries."
The board authorized the secretary to secure
reprints of Miss Martha Wilson's library list
of "Books for high schools," to be sold as
a Publishing Board publication.
The secretary reported that with the advice
of the chairman he had arranged for reprints
to be handled by the Publishing Board of
Miss Mary J. Booth's article on "Material on
geography" to be reprinted from the Journal
of Geography, January, 1914.
It was voted on motion of Dr. Bostwick that
the secretary secure a suitable person to com-
pile a list of all material available without cost
which would be useful to small libraries.
EXECUTIVE BOARD
Meeting of the Executive Board at Hotel La
Salle, Chicago, Wednesday evening, Dec. 31,
1913. Present: President Anderson, H. C.
Wellman, Gratia A. Countryman, C. W. An-
drews, W. N. C. Carlton, T. W. Koch, H. W.
Craver, Herbert Putnam.
The report of the treasurer, Mr. C. B.
Roden, for the year ending Dec. 31, 1913, was
read in his absence by the secretary. The re-
port was as follows:
February, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
121
REPORT OF THE TREASURER — JAN.-DEC., 1913 The committee is prepared to approve ap-
Receipts propriations to the amount of $11,810, and also
the appropriation to the use of the Publishing
^jSr*i,% .T.rU?!. . TP.any>. .(rhl.Cag.°: $3,395-9 Board of the total amount of sales.
Headquarters collections, membership dues, The committee has designated the chairman
Trustees 'EAdo^ment* Fund, interest.". .'.'!.'. '350.00 to audit the accounts of the secretary and
Trustees Carnegie Fund, interest 4,009.90 treasurer, and Mr. F. O. Poole to audit those
ALA. Pub. Board, installment on r ,, „,, . M1 .
Headquarters expense.. 2,000.00 of the trustees. Their reports will be made
Estate of J. L. Whitney 125.46 part of the formal report of the finance corn-
Interest on bank balance, Jan.-Dec 74-55 m^Q ^ ^ Assodation at its annual meeting>
ditures $16,692.80 No account is here taken of the income from
Checks No. 40-51 (VoucheTNo. 6x5- the James L Whitney fund The committee
806, inc.) $9,290.25 recommends that it be allowed to accumulate
DiBuiibeJtind 3S f0!!°WS$i 493.31 until such time as the amount sha11 warrant
Conference'.'.'.'...". '566.61 permanent investment.
issgs^ I04-6° ^ ^ w RA spect£ully^
Salaries 5,100.00 (Signed) C. W. ANDREWS, Chairman.
Addl services.... 493-" DEC. 31, 1913.
Supplies 356-27
Postage3"?? "f.:::: lll'll On motion of Dr. Putnam it was accepted
Contingencies 95.00 and placed on file.
xSSes Endowment l8°'88 The following budget was adopted for the
Fund, Life mem- year 1914:
BUDGET, I9I4
*«*—«« /»«»«
AV L> .A- P"blishinS Board' Membership Dues $7,200.00
Carnegie Fund mt 4,009.90 I3,3oo-i5 Income Endowment Fund 350.00
1 7~ Income Carnegie Fund 4,200.00
Balance Union Trust Co.... $3.392.65 Interest 60.00
G. .B. Utley, Balance Na- Appropriation from Pub. Board. 2,500.00
tienal Bank of Republic... 250.00 . *T, ,IO oo
Due from Publishing Board
on 1913 account 500.00 Estimated Expenses
— ~ ~~~ Bulletin $1,400.00
$4,142.65 Conference (including $100 for
James L. Whitney Fund publicity) 600.00
Fkst installment (Feb. 4, 1913) $104.34 Committees:
Interest to June 30 1.30 Public documents $10.00
Second installment (Aug. i, 1913) 21.12 N. E. A 20.00
Library administration. 20.00
$126.76 Library training ($400
Respectfully submitted, reappropriated from
(Signed) CARL B. RODEN, Treasurer. balance of 1913)
CHICAGO, Dec. 31, 1913. Bookbuying 25.00
Bookbinding 25.00
On motion of Dr. Andrews it was accepted Federal and state re-
, , , _, lations 15.00
and placed on file. Travel 150.00
The following report of the finance commit- Work ^with^blind^ . . . . ^5-00
tee was presented by the chairman, Dr. C. W. code for "assifie"!! .' '. 20^00
Andrews : Leipzig exhibit 250.00
Miscellaneous 25.00 590.00
REPORT OF FINANCE COMMITTEE ^SecreVary 3,000.00
The finance committee, in accordance with tSogJS^.V.'.V.V '^ 5,^0.00
the provisions of the constitution, has consid- Additional services 600.00
ered the probable income of the Association l^gf^f ^anspor'tkiion" and "teie- 4°°'00
for 1914 and submit the following estimate, phone 325-00
showing also the estimate for 1913 and the Sme'^negie' Fund 'to" Pub- 27S'°°
actual result for 1913: lishing Board 4,200.00
1913 1913 x9r4 Contingencies ................. 6jo.oo
Estimated Actual Estimated $14,310.00
Dues $6,500.00 $6,737.60 $7,200.00
Inc. Carnegie Fund. 4,500.00 4,009.90 4,200.00 Qn motion of Dr Andrews it was voted that
lSerSdo.Wraent.Fund 3^:Co 3££ 3io"o there be appropriated for the use of the Pub-
Sales of publications. 10,500.00 11,311.95 11,100.00 lishing Board the income of the Carnegie
$21,915-00 $22,484.00 $^9^"o Fund, estimated at $4200, and all proceeds
122
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[February, 1914
from sales of publications, estimated at $11,-
loo, excepting the amount of $2500 agreed
upon by the Publishing Board as its appropria-
tion towards its support of the executive office
of the Association.
A report of progress was received from Mr.
A. G. S. Josephson, chairman of the commit-
tee on the cost and methods of cataloging.
The report was ordered to be placed on file.
On motion of Dr. Andrews it was voted that
the president, Mr. Carlton, and the secretary
be authorized to increase the appropriation for
the use of the committee on method and cost
of cataloging at their discretion from contin-
gencies.
On motion of Mr. Graver it was voted that
$400 from the 1913 balance be appropriated for
the use of the committee on library training.
On motion of Dr. Andrews it was voted that
the following bills be paid from the unex-
pended balance of 1913 :
Tucker- Kenworthy Company $61.10
Joseph Halsted Company 250.00
Chicago Telephone Company 10.60
On motion of the board the chair ap-
pointed a committee of three to report at the
next meeting of the board nominations for a
nominating committee. The chair appointed
Messrs. Andrews, Carlton and Koch.
The secretary announced receipt of a com-
munication from the Commission Permanente
des Congres Internationaux des Archivistes et
des Bibliothecaires of Brussels, requesting the
American Library Association, as a participat-
ing association in the Brussels conference of
1910, to name two members of the American
Library Association to serve as members of a
permanent committee. On motion of the board
nominations to this committee were referred
to the same committee as that designated to
make nominations for the nominating com-
mittee.
The secretary reported that Mr. Jast, hon-
orary secretary of the Library Association of
the United Kingdom, had, in behalf of his as-
sociation, cordially invited the A. L. A. to be
officially represented at the English library
conference at Oxford, Aug. 31, 1914. On mo-
tion of Dr. Putnam, it was voted that in con-
sequence of this invitation from the secretary
of the L. A. U. K. that most cordial apprecia-
tion and thanks be given, and that the presi-
dent be requested, particularly in view of the
interesting program proposed, to endeavor to
arrange for an adequate representation not
only at the conference, but also upon its pro-
gram.
On motion of Mr. Wellman it was voted
that the travel committee be reimbursed for
their actual expenses pro rata to the extent of
the appropriation to that committee.
Mr. Charles F. Hatfield, at the invitation of
the board, outlined briefly plans for accom-
modating conventions and educational con-
gresses at the Panama-Pacific Exposition at
San Francisco in 1915 and the earnest desire
of the exposition authorities for the American
Library Association to hold its conference that
year in San Francisco or vicinity. The board
assured Mr. Hatfield that this subject would
receive their careful consideration.
The board then passed to a consideration of
the place of meeting for 1914. After the va-
rious invitations had been read and discussed
it was unanimously voted on motion of Mr.
Carlton that the Association hold its next con-
ference in Washington, D. G, on some date
prior to June i, 1914, provided satisfactory ac-
commodations can be secured.
Adjourned.
EXECUTIVE BOARD
Meeting of the Executive Board at Hotel
La Salle, Chicago, Friday afternoon. Jan. 2,
1914. Present : President Anderson, Mr. Well-
man, Miss Countryman, Messrs. Andrews,
Carlton, Koch and Graver.
Dr. Frank P. Hill, chairman of the special
committee on an A. L. A. exhibit for the Book
and Graphic Arts Exposition at Leipzig, ap-
peared before the board and outlined the pres-
ent situation, stating that recent correspond-
ence with the Leipzig authorities had led to
some uncertainty whether adequate space
would be provided for such an exhibit. The
committee had been successful in securing
funds for prosecuting the work, and were fully
prepared to proceed with the collection and
preparation of material if it seemed wise to
do so. On motion of Dr. Andrews it was
voted that the matter be left in the hands of
the committee with the approval of the presi-
dent.
Dr. Andrews, chairman of the committee to
nominate a nominating committee, stated that
the committee nominated the following per-
sons : A. E. Bostwick, Margaret Mann, Agnes
Van Valkenburgh, A. L. Bailey and H. L.
Leupp. On motion of Mr. Carver, seconded
by Miss Countryman, it was unanimously
voted that these persons constitute the nomi-
nating committee.
Dr. Andrews, in behalf of the same commit-
tee, nominated as members of the permanent
committee of archivists and librarians Herbert
Putnam and E. C. Richardson. Upon motion
of Mr. Wellman it was unanimously voted
that these members be appointed.
It was unanimously voted that a committee
February, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
123
of three on publicity be appointed by the presi-
dent.
On motion of Mr. Wellman it was voted
that the printing of the report of the commit-
tee on lighting and ventilation be referred to
the secretary with power.
On motion of Dr. Andrews it was voted that
it is the opinion of this board that the income
of the James L. Whitney fund might properly
be used for bibliographical work other than
that which can be undertaken with the income
of the Carnegie fund, and that for the pres-
ent the Whitney fund be allowed to accumu-
late.
On motion of Dr. Andrews it was moved
that the president appoint a committee to pro-
vide suitable resolutions or minutes on the
death of Dr. Reuben Gold Thwaites to be sub-
mitted to the Association at its annual meet-
ing.
Voted on motion by Dr. Andrews that the
travel committee and the rooming bureau be
asked to make provisions at the annual confer-
ence only for members of the A. L. A., of the
affiliated societies and of their families.
Adjourned.
COUNCIL
The Council held sessions on Thursday
afternoon, Jan. i, and Friday afternoon, Jan.
2. The following 39 members were present:
E. H. Anderson, H. C. Wellman, Gratia A.
Countryman, C W. Andrews, W. N. C. Carl-
ton, T. W. Koch, H. W. Graver, Herbert Put-
nam, W. H. Brett, F. P. Hill, A. E. Bostwick,
Henry E. Legler, F. O. Poole, Elizabeth B.
Wales, Myra Poland, C. B. Roden, Sula Wag-
ner, Mary L. Titcomb, A. S. Root, Margaret
Mann, M. E. Ahern, Alice S. Tyler, G. F.
Bowerman, G. H. Locke, Clara F. Baldwin,
Josephine A. Rathbone, Eliza G. Browning, M.
S. Dudgeon, W. H. Kerr, Mary W. Plummer,
S. H. Ranck; and the following as representa-
tives of state library associations which have
affiliated with the A. L. A.: Lois A. Spencer
(Michigan), W. M. Hepburn (Indiana), Mary
E. Downey (Ohio), F. K. W. Drury (Illi-
nois), Martha Wilson (Minnesota), Florence
Whittier (Missouri), Lilly M. E. Borresen
(South Dakota), Mrs. M. C. Budlong (North
Dakota).
FIRST SESSION
The report of the committee on the rela-
tions of the public library to the municipality
presented to the Council at the Kaaterskill
meeting (for text of report, see Proceedings
1913, P- 243-245) was unanimously adopted.
"Greater publicity for the Association" was
the next subject taken up, W. H. Kerr open-
ing the discussion. His paper, recommending
the adoption of more up-to-date methods of
publicity both for conferences of the A. L. A.
and for the work in general, with specific il-
lustrations and suggestions, will be reprinted
in full later. It was followed by a general dis-
cussion of the subject.
President Anderson said that the Executive
Board the evening before had discussed pub-
licity plans for the Washington conference.
Most of the leading papers of the country have
a Washington correspondent, and each libra-
rian who attends the meeting should get in
communication with his home correspondent
and plan to supply his home papers with con-
ference news.
Mr. Bowerman suggested that perhaps a
series of syndicated articles on the conference
and on various phases of library work could
be gotten into the papers. Greater use might
be made of the publicity methods of the U. S.
Bureau of Education. Commissioner Clax-
ton's interest in library work and in the
American Library Association is very great,
and he could perhaps be interested in sending
out through his very admirable press service
material about libraries and library affairs.
At this point the president announced that
the secretary had received a letter from Mr.
J. C. Dana addressed to the Council, which
the secretary would read. The letter was as
follows :
Librarians are keepers of books and guides
to their use. Books are printed. It would
seem that librarians, above all others, should
be familiar with the use of print. In view of
the greater brevity, clearness and complete-
ness of most printed statements over those
delivered viva voces it would seem, that libra-
rians should much prefer suggestions made in
print, which they can read at their convenience,
to those made in talk or lecture.
Do I make myself plain? I am trying to
say in effect that librarians ought to prefer
print to talk, and ought to be more moved by
printed statements than by spoken words.
It seems, however, that librarians cannot
overcome their hereditary tendencies. Human
beings gained knowledge and ideas through
spoken words for long thousands of years be-
fore they invented the art of writing ; and even
the cultivated librarian, loving books, devoted
to them, and great believer in the efficiency of
print as a tonic to his own progress, feels
compelled to insist that new ideas be pre-
sented to him, not through the eye by the
printed page, but through the ear by the
spoken voice.
124
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[February, 1914
Do I as yet make myself plain? In effect I
am trying to say that librarians are better
listeners than they are readers. They under-
stand what they hear better than they under-
stand what they read. They are hereditary
listeners. The great skill in reading which
makes him who has it prefer print to talk, is
won only by prayer and fasting, and libra-
rians have not won it. Am I right?
If I am not right, then why do you libra-
rians insist upon traveling scores, and hun-
dreds, and thousands of miles to meet and
talk to one another, whenever you find need
for considering important matters affecting
your calling? You cannot, by way of suffi-
cient excuse, claim that you thus spend time
and energy in travel merely that you may see
one another and hear one another's voices for
a few moments?
No, you must feel your own reading limita-
tions; that you are unable to get out of print
what the writer of print wishes to convey;
that you are all grievously ear-minded, and
have never so devoted yourselves to acquiring
skill in that use of print, to the promotion of
which you devote your lives, that you can un-
derstand it clearly when you see it.
Speaking for myself, and my own ideas on
library organization and management, let me
say that if you had acquired high skill in this
art of reading you would have before now,
and more than once, read in print the things
I shall here set down, would have been con-
vinced that they are important, and would
have given them more careful thought than
you can possibly give to them in the few
moments they will receive in a gathering like
this. I say this, not in any bumptious spirit,
but only because I have been plainly told I
would here be welcome and listened to with
interest if I said the things I have here
written.
Once more, to you my ear-minded friends,
talkers, listeners, and not readers, let me reach
your ears through the glottis of your secre-
tary and get at your intellectuals through
your auditory centers and present some of the
criticisms and suggestions I have often made
concerning our organizations:
i. The A. L. A. Booklist is an admirable
monthly record of the best of the new books
with expert and unprejudiced reviews at-
tached. Do not deprive the general public of
the use of this excellent tool, published by
our Association. No one has yet proven that
it would not be widely subscribed for if it
were presented in proper form and well ad-
vertised. The experiments made to discover
if there are a few thousand people in the
country who would pay a dollar a year for a
modest but efficient book-valuating journal,
have been meager in the extreme.
It is a great mistake for a quasi-literary in-
stitution of 2500 members, like our associa-
tion, supported by public money, to devote a
good slice of its income to the preparation
and issuance of a publication that would prob-
ably be welcomed by the reading public of this
country, and then, in effect, to conceal it from
that public.
And it is bad business for our association
to spend $1000 to $2000 per year in under-
writing a publication which, in its present
form and under its present method of hand-
ling, seems not to be needed.
Change its name; change its form; cease to
say that it is a trade journal to be confined
in its use to librarians only; advertise it
widely, and prove that librarians are not mere-
ly good administrators of book collections,
but have book knowledge and can use it to
the pleasure and profit of buyers and readers
of books everywhere.
2. The A. L. I. should go out of existence.
The leaders of library work in this country
ought not to form an organization which pre-
tends to represent the high water mark of
achievement in that calling, and then permit
that organization to exist solely for the sake
of one or two quite unimportant meetings each
year; meetings at which few papers are pre-
sented and those such as would not find ad-
mission even to a modest metropolitan jour-
nal; and where the discussion is nearly all
impromptu in every bad sense of the word.
For the credit of our calling the Institute
should either demonstrate in some way the
ability of its members to study, to investigate
and wisely to report on topics of importance,
or else it should go out of existence. It
should make good or quit.
3. Our Association each year persuades cer-
tain of its members to prepare for the annual
meeting papers on many aspects of our craft.
These papers are supposedly as good as mem-
bers of the Association can produce. How
good are they?
Some of them, and particularly some of
those dealing with the details of library ad-
ministration, are simple, brief, direct and use-
ful. They are, of interest to library people only.
Those dealing with more general aspects of
our library work, with books, literature, read-
ing and the like, ought to be, some of them
at least, so strong, so original, so well written
as to make them grateful to the general pub-
lic. Are they? If they are such as would
be grateful to the general public, then they
February, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
125
ought to be so, published that the general
public can have access to them.
They are now hidden from, the public in a
vast volume of appalling size and thickness
and of an exceeding dryness to the public in
general.
If there is no nutritious and tasty mental
pabulum in so much of our annual proceed-
ings as library workers themselves — not im-
. ported men of letters — produce, let us see to
it that some gets in. And then let us extract
it from the Almighty Library Aggregation of
piffle and technique which we must annually
produce — and we always do it very well — and
print it in some taking guise, and let our
friends see it and even dare them, to read it.
4. I believe it would be at once admitted
by every competent man of affairs to whom
the matter might be submitted, that the best
interests of our association would be served
by having headquarters in New York City.
The theory once held by some that the middle
west is in dire need of the information and
stimulus that it can receive from headquarters
has become a little humorous, and is perhaps
not now entirely grateful to the middle west
itself. Headquarters is a center for business,
and the business is mostly that of answering
letters of inquiry, and of compiling, printing
and publishing. The center of these forms of
enterprise is New York City. If it were ever
demonstrated, as perhaps it can be, that the
small libraries on the eastern seaboard are
far more in need of aid and stimulus than are
those of the middle west, then the argument
of headquarters in New York City would
seem quite complete even to westerners.
Ten times as many library workers, print-
ers, authors, students, publishers, booksellers,
and journals are found within say three hours
ride of New York as are found within the
same distance from Chicago.
The Association could move headquarters,
of course, if it cared to. Probably it will
continue not to care. These things are done
by the leaders. This letter is being read to
the leaders — isn't it? They care nothing about
local pride and are moved solely by what
seems the best interests of the Association.
But Chicago, you say, gives — and it is to
be praised therefor — good rooms rent free, and
New York offers nothing. Well, I admit that
that is like Chicago and New York. I also
claim that a few men in and near New York
could raise funds — if they would put their
hands to the work — which would far exceed
all that Chicago would offer. I would be one
to try. Are there any others?
5. We have met most unfortunate condi-
tions at two of our recent annual meetings on
distant prairies and in mountain fastnesses.
Is it not possible for our guiding spirits to
realize that 1914 differs so much in manners
and customs, number of members, and other
respects as to make what was wise and proper
as a meeting place in 1904 no longer such?
Why not try a city? Our powers of attrac-
tion cannot be notably weaker than those of
other rather important and somewhat learned
associations which find they can hold gather-
ings in great cities. We could probably meet
even in New York and not have any of our
members led astray permanently. The place
is well lighted and the police are models for
the information desks of our best libraries.
Let us visit distant lakes and mountains here-
after only on post conference trips.
Regretting that certain duties here prevent
my enjoying your visible and auditory pres-
ence, I sign myself,
Sincerely yours,
(Signed) J. C. DANA.
Dr. Hill said it seemed to him there were
good suggestions in what Mr. Dana had writ-
ten, particularly in relation to the Booklist.
It was in line with the subject of publicity at
present before the Council, and he had won-
dered himself why the Booklist could not be
made an avenue of publicity for the Associa-
tion because it is the best thing we do and
because its distribution among the general
public would show that we are doing some-
thing besides handing out books. "The only
objection I have to Mr. Dana's letter is that
he does not make any plans for building up
the structure which he is always so ready to
tear down."
Mr. Legler said that this was not the first
time that those who were on the Publishing
Board have heard about the Booklist from
Mr. Dana, that often before he has wanted to
have the Booklist changed; to have the mat-
ter changed, the form changed and the char-
acter changed, in fact everything about the
Booklist changed except perhaps the quality
of the paper. In other words, that Mr. Dana
did not want an A. L. A. Booklist published;
what he wants is a library journal for the
public. The Publishing Board considers that
the A. L. A. Booklist is performing a very
important function to the smaller libraries in
particular in giving to the library boards and
librarians in the smaller places the matter
most valuable to them, enabling them to get
knowledge of the current books and to get
an evaluation on these books. That this has
been done and that the Booklist meets the
126
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[February, 1914
manifest need has been often expressed
through various library associations, commis-
sions and other agencies. Of course, it is en-
tirely within the province of the American
Library Association to vote that the A. L. A.
Booklist be discontinued and something else
be started in its place. We know that the
suggestions and criticisms made in this letter
and which have been reiterated year after
year by Mr. Dana in communications to the
Publishing Board have their rise in a desire
to have something entirely different published
from that now sent out by the Publishing
Board to the smaller libraries all over the
country. Coming to the matter of publicity,
Mr. Legler said he had read with much in-
terest some of the clippings passed around by
Mr. Kerr on the English library conference,
but doubted very much whether it would be
possible to get that sort of matter into the
columns of the press in this country. The
serious character of the reports, the lack of
prominent headlines, is very different from
what we get in this country. The method
of dealing with news differs so greatly in the
two countries that he did not think it pos-
sible to carry out the plans which Mr. Kerr
had in mind. The library profession hardly
realize how much publicity is already given
by the newspapers of this country to library
interests, though this is perhaps not done sys-
tematically. "I know that just prior to the
last conference the secretary made a very ex-
cellent campaign toward securing publicity for
the remarkably good papers read at that meet-
ing. A good deal of fugitive literature in the
way of newspaper clippings came to my desk,
and there must have been a great deal of men-
tion made of the meetings throughout the
country. This stray literature came to my
desk from the Pacific coast, from the middle
west, from Florida and from the east. Some
of the New York newspapers gave consider-
able space to some of the discussions held at
Kaaterskill."
In response to a request Secretary Utley
outlined what had recently been done at head-
quarters in the way of publicity work, men-
tioning the news items sent out through the
Associated Press, the direct circularization of
newspapers, the attempt to get members to
supply publicity to their local papers, and the
special efforts made at the time of the con-
vention to get participants in the program to
submit their papers two weeks in advance, in
order that these might be used as the basis
for publicity. At the request of the secretary
a committee on publicity to aid in this work
has recently been authorized by the Execu-
tive Board, and the Executive Board have
appropriated $100 for publicity work in con-
nection with the Washington conference.
Dr. Bostwick said that newspapers were
trouble hunters, and that to most of them
news meant trouble. He questioned whether
what we did at the conference or anywhere
else traveled very far through the newspapers
unless they could put the trouble color to it.
Dr. Hill asked Mr. Legler, as chairman of
the Publishing Board, if any report had ever
been made to the Association in regard to the
suggestions of Mr. Dana in regard to chang-
ing the name, form and nature of the Book-
list. M!r. Legler said that the Publishing
Board annually reports to the Association in
print as required by the constitution, and
that in some of the reports mention had been
made of the suggestion that the name and
form of the Booklist be changed and the
reason given why, in the opinion of the Pub-
lishing Board at least, it would not be ad-
visable to make the changes sought.
Miss Aherrt said she had recently talked
with Mr. Dana regarding his ideas as to
changes in the Booklist. His suggestion was
to make it the same size as the old Harper's
Weekly, to give it an attractive cover, and
to put it on the news stands of the country.
Its contents were to be made up by people
of national reputation, or at least of high
standing among literary people, and the
libraries should buy this Booklist and place
copies on the desks of their libraries for free
distribution until such time as it would un-
doubtedly make its way into the hearts of
bookbuyers. The American Library Associa-
tion should be more particularly concerned in
giving to libraries the latest and best in the book
world. We do want the American public to
have the latest and best in the way of books,
but the American Library Association, a vol-
untary organization of library workers, can-
not afford to put money that it needs for
libraries into something else for the benefit
of the public at large. She imagined Mr.
Dana would want a magazine written by peo-
ple whose names would create great interest
by reason of their reputations. It did not
seem to her that we ought to be so seriously
concerned with that part of the question. The
Booklhi ought to be for those who buy books
for the libraries, whether they are small libra-
ries or large libraries.
Miss Ahem said she wished to add to what
had been said, that no one had the right to
say that library work is not advertised. She
had had the service of a clipping bureau at
various times. Large bundles of material
February, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
127
concerning library methods are issued by these
bureaus every day. While some of these ar-
ticles have not been carefully prepared and
are not exactly in accordance with the facts
of the case, they do show that the newspapers
as a class are interested in the methods of
library work. Librarians are very much at
fault in the matter of publicity. There ought
to be a closer relation and more genuine in-
terest on the part of librarians toward getting
the right sort of things into the papers. As
for the other matters contained in the letter,
Miss Ahern said she was already on record.
On motion of Dr. Hill, seconded by Mr.
Locke, it was voted that the subject of sug-
gested change in the Booklist be referred tov
the Publishing Board for a report.
The need of uniformity in library statistics
was next treated, the discussion being opened
by Dr. Hill. He said that all librarians real-
ized how important it was that we should
agree among oui selves as to certain forms
which might be adopted generally in the pres-
entation of our annual reports. In looking
up the matter in library periodicals very little
was found relating to it. A table, a copy of
which he showed, • has been followed to a
great extent by Mr. Foster, of Providence,
and was followed for five years, 1896-1901, by
the Newark Public Library. The table can
be found in the reports of the Providence
Public Library for those years and in LIBRARY
JOURNAL, 1 1430-43 1 ; Aug. 31, 1877. At the
London conference of the same year a paper
was read on the subject urging the necessity
of uniformity, and in 1880 Mr. Green, of Wor-
cester, and Mr. Foster, of Providence, wrote
something in the LIBRARY JOURNAL on the
same subject. At the present time there are
no two reports prepared the same way, al-
though they cover the same field. We do not
know the number of volumes or pamphlets,
or what constitutes a volume or a pamphlet.
We do not know the way the different libra-
ries report their circulation. We cannot al-
ways tell the total appropriation or total in-
come that any library receives. It seems as
if it would be advisab'e for us to agree upon
a certain formula for statistical purposes,
which would be accepted by a certain number
of libraries at first and afterwards by the
Association itself. Dr. Hill suggested that a
special committee be appointed to consider the
subject and report either to the Council or
to the Association itself at the next annual
meeting.
Dr. Bostwick said that the Association
seemed to have forgotten the report on a uni-
form library report made by the committee on
library administration tinder the chairmanship
of W. R. Eastman (see Proceedings, 1906,
148-153. The committee on administration
that year submitted a form for an annual re-
port which was adopted by the American Li-
brary Association.) The fact that this report
was so nearly forgotten shows that it was not
given the consideration due it, and perhaps
it would be a good thing to take up again
that report and revise it to the present time.
The secretary distributed a list of questions
in regard to counting volumes and pamphlets
which had been compiled at the Harvard Uni-
versity Library, and sent on by Mr. Lane, who
expressed himself as much interested in this
subject of uniformity of library statistics.
On motion of Dr. Hill it was voted that the
subject of uniformity in library statistics be
referred to the present committee on library
administration for further discussion and re-
port.
Dr. Hill called attention to the admirable
work done by the committee on the methods
and cost of cataloging of which Mr. Joseph-
son is chairman. The committee had learned
that the cost of cataloging varies from 3 cents
a volume to $1.05 a volume, and they have
prepared a series of questions which have
been sent out based on answers to a previous
series of questions.
"Some points in the code of professional
etiquette" was discussed by Miss Josephine A.
Rathbone. Miss Rathbone said she had for-
mulated for herself the following definition:
Etiquette is the crystallization of public opin-
ion as to fitting and courteous conduct under
certain well recognized circumstances. She
suggested the discussion of a few points which
might form a code of professional etiquette:
i. The first part I should like to present
for discussion is that of the one of procedure;
the procedure to be observed in calling an as-
sistant from one library to another. It is a
problem that almost all librarians have to face
at some time. Involved in the question is :
(a) The librarian desiring the assistant.
(&) The librarian of the library employing
the assistant.
(c) The assistant under consideration.
There are, therefore, three important points
to be considered. These three interests are
concerned besides that which is fundamental
to all— the advancement of the best interests of
the profession as a whole. It is this latter
consideration that removes the problem from
the merely personal plane and makes of it a
matter of general concern.
Now, in view of all these interests, what
should the procedure be?
128
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[February, 1914
(a) If the librarian, the party of the first
part, the aggressor, should first consult the
librarian employing the assistant, asking his
or her permission to take up the matter with
the assistant.
O) That he write simultaneously to the
librarian and assistant that the thing be con-
sidered.
(c) That he open negotiations directly with
the assistant, leaving it to her to consult her
librarian before coming to a decision or not,
or whatever she thinks best.
What I would be glad to have you discuss
is whether the librarian should first ask
permission of the librarian employing the as-
sistant.
1. Would (a) jeopardize too much the in-
terest of the assistant by practically leaving
the decision in the hands of the employer.
2. Whether (c) on the other hand is dis-
courteous to the employing librarian in tak-
ing up the question directly with the assist-
ant, while is not (&), as a compromise, mere-
ly an empty matter of form?
Those are the points that I should be very
glad to get a discussion upon.
When the head of one library wishes to
secure the head of another library, should the
president of one board approach the president
of another, or make the call directly to the
librarian ?
When either librarian or assistant re-
ceives a call elsewhere, what form should en-
ter into consideration besides the matter of
salary and personal experience?
(a) Time element.
(&) Condition of work. Has it reached
such a point that it could be taken up by
another only at a loss to the library, or is
there some one available who could carry it
on?
(c) Relation of library school teachers to
their students and libraries in the matter of
getting better positions.
(d) On behalf of the library schools.
Should they be consulted before graduates are
appointed. Should not the school be informed
of the decision when a recommendation is
made?
An animated discussion followed on the va-
rious phases of the subject. Dr. Putnam
voiced the feelings of all when he said :
"We as librarians cannot think of our sub-
ordinates, or of the competition between us
and other libraries as though it were a ques-
tion of ordinary competition, of common com-
modity or material. Our subordinates, as well
as our other librarians, are our professional
colleagues ; we depend upon them profession-
ally in library work, upon their zeal and en-
thusiasm and professional spirit, which is far
above salary j and we depend upon their high
sense of professional obligation. It is incon-
ceivable that any librarian, asked by another
librarian to lift one of his associates into a
higher place, should put obstacles in the way
of securing for the associate a better position
elsewhere."
SECOND SESSION
The second session opened with a discussion
by Miss Mary W. Plummer on a "Campaign
of library publicity in the general magazines."
Her paper urging the need of living down the
impression that libraries are intended chiefly
for recreative purposes, and that the layman
can not be expected to have either interest in
or understanding of their workings, will be re-
printed in full in a later issue.
A general discussion followed. 'Some
agreed with Miss Plummer that there was
enough literary ability among librarians to
write acceptable articles ; others suggested that
if librarians had not yet learned that craft,
the facts might be placed in the hands of
professional magazine writers for elaboration
and suitable embellishment; some regretted
that only the picturesque seemed to appeal to
editors and that serious work did not find its
way into print, but this condition seemed to
be refuted by the fact that a few librarians
succeed in getting space for almost anything
they write.
Mr. W. H. Brett opened a discussion on
club rates to periodicals. He was followed by
Dr. Hill, who said a matter of quite as much
importance as the price of magazines was the
quality of the magazine. During the past year
or two a good many of our periodicals have
deteriorated very considerably. It seemed to
him time for the Council and the Association
to take definite steps showing our desire to
have in the libraries only the better periodi-
cals. Recently the Massachusetts Library
Club appointed a committee to make a white
list — not a black list — of those magazines
which should be in a library.
Attention was called to the fact that the
Association had such a recommended list in
Mr. Walter's "Periodicals for the small li-
brary," published by the A. L. A. Publishing
Board, this, however, being more a selected
than an approved list. Dr. Hill moved that a
special committee be appointed to consider the
advisability of preparing an approved list of
periodicals for report to the Council. After
discussion the motion was carried, the com-
mittef, three in number, to be appointed by the
A BRANCH LIBRARY OF UNUSUAL PLAN — THE SARAH PLATT DECKER BRANCH,
DENVER PUBLIC LIBRARY
THE SARAH PLATT DECKER BRANCH — INTERIOR
February, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
129
president. (Committee not yet appointed.)
The treatment of unsolicited gift material
was considered by Mr. W. N. C. Carlton. If
a library had an abundance of catalogers and
shelf room this perplexing question would not
arise. Every month accumulations of docu-
ments gotten out by philanthropic, religious and
economic associations and periodicals, which
are nothing more than trade papers or propa-
ganda for this, that or the other, come in and
deluge the library. Ought they, or ought they
not to go through the routine the same as
definite purchase or solicited gift. Mr. Carl-
ton felt that they they should not go along on
equal terms.
It seemed to be the generally accepted view
that material should be always received with
the understanding that disposition of it was
entirely in the hands of the library authorities.
Dr. Andrews presented a brief statement of
the difficulty of printing A. L. A. cards, satis-
factorily to subscribers and at the same time
on a paying basis, about $540 having been lost
in this transaction the past year. It was the
hope of the committee to adjust this situation
in the near future by a revision of the list and
a rearrangement of the method of accepting
subscriptions.
Dr. Andrews also presented a brief report
for the committee on the preparation of a
union list of serials, committee consisting of
himself and Dr. Bostwick. He was glad to
report that the Library of Congress was con-
sidering the issuance of such a list, and their
agreement to do so would, of course, be agree-
able news, as they could do it better than it
could be done elsewhere. One question of
importance which the Library of Congress
wishes answered by librarians is thus : Is it
desirable to delay the work by at least two
years in order to include the serials which
are not periodicals, or is the list of periodicals
of so much greater importance that we should
ask the Library of Congress to get them out
first? If the latter question be answered in
the affirmative the Library of Congress will
probably be more likely to undertake the list.
Those who expressed themselves thought best
to include only the periodicals if this would
expedite matters.
The following resolution, drawn by a spe-
cially appointed committee, consisting of
Messrs. Root, Hepburn and Locke, was
adopted, the subject having been referred to
the Council by the A. L. A. college and ref-
erence section :
Resolved, That the Council of the American
Library Association heartily joins with the
Association of American Universities in rec-
ommending to the various universities of the
land the preparation of a catalog of the serial
publications and the printing of this catalog
in a form so arranged and indexed as to make
it a useful work of reference.
Mr. Kerr stated that at the meeting of the
National Council of Teachers of English, in
Chicago, November 28, 1913, a library section
was organized and the following minute
adopted regarding the status and salary of
school librarians:
In view of the rapid growth of the library
and its function in modern education, the Li-
brary Section of the National Council of
Teachers of English, in session at Chicago,
November 28, 1913, presents for the consider-
ation and approval of educational and civic
and state authorities the following:
First, Good service from libraries as indis-
pensable to the best educational work.
Second, The wise direction of a library re-
quires scholarship, executive ability, tact, and
other high grade qualifications, together with
special training for the effective direction of
cultural reading, choice of books, and teach-
ing of reference principles.
Third, Because much latent power is being
recognized in the library and is awaiting de-
velopment, it is believed that so valuable a
factor in education should be accorded a dig-
nity worthy of the requisite qualifications ; and
that, in schools and educational systems, the
director of the library should be recognized
as a department head, who shall be able to
undertake progressive work, be granted neces-
sary assistants, and be compensated in status
and salary equally with the supervisors of
other departments.
Mr. Kerr requested the approval by the
Council of this minute and according to the
usual practice it was voted to refer the sub-
ject to a committee of three to be appointed
by the President to report at the next meeting
of the Council. (Committee not yet ap-
pointed;)
Mr. Ranck, chairman, read a report from
the committee on ventilation and lighting. A
portion of this report and recommendations
and findings of the committee thus far will
probably be published in a subsequent number
of the Bulletin.
Feeling strongly that a table of contents
should be printed in the daily issues of the
Congressional Record the committee on pub-
lic documents presented the following resolu-
tion which was unanimously adopted :
1 3o
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[February, 1914
Whereas, Many libraries through their pa-
trons regularly make great use of the daily
editions of the Congressional Record, and
Whereas, The present arrangement of the
contents in the Record make it extremely diffi-
cult to find readily matters which are of great
public concern and importance, and which
have been referred to in the newspapers.
Resolved, By the Council of the American
Library Association that it is the sense of this
organization that a brief table of contents for
the daily edition of the Congressional Record
would enable users of this daily edition to
find quickly particular subjects under discus-
sion, and other matters in which they might be
interested in any particular issue,
Resolved, That it is the conviction of the
American Library Association that such a
brief table of contents, indicating the page on
which such matters of interest were located is
altogether practicable inasmuch as a number
of daily newspapers issue such a table of con-
tents, to the great convenience of their
readers,
Resolved, That this Association urge the
Joint Committee on Printing of Congress to
authorize at once the incorporation of such
a table of contents as a part of the daily issue
of each number of the Record, and
Resolved, That the Secretary of the Ameri-
can Library Association be instructed to trans-
mit a copy of the foregoing preamble and
resolutions to the chairman of the Joint Com-
mittee on Printing at Washington.
Dr. Andrews moved that the Executive
Board be asked to provide suitable resolutions
or minutes on the death of Dr. Reuben Gold
Thwaites. Voted unanimously.
Adjourned.
Xibrari?
NEW YORK LIBRARY CLUB
A joint meeting of the New York Library
Club, the Long Island Library Club and the
New Jersey Library Association was held in
the lecture hall of the Horace Mann School,
Thursday, Dec. u. Miss Mary W. Plummer,
president of the New York Library Club pre-
sided, and a brief business meeting of this club
was held, electing fifty new members. Miss
Plummer then introduced Mr. Alfred Noyes,
who spoke on "The sea, in Tennyson's poetry."
Mr. Noyes followed this with readings from
his own poems.
The third meeting of the club for the year
1913-14 was held Thursday evening, Jan. 22,
in the auditorium of the National Headquar-
ters of the Y. Ww C. A., the president, Miss
Plummer, presiding. After the acceptance of
the minutes of the December meeting and the
election of nine new members, Miss Plummer
announced the special subject of the meeting
as "The moving picture show," and intro-
duced the first speaker, Mr. John Collier, of
the People's Institute.
Mr. Collier said, in part, that the value of
moving pictures to education does not need
to be argued; the only problem is, how mov-
ing pictures can be made available in educa-
tion. Few people are conscious that under
present conditions the production of moving
pictures has gradually been monopolized by
the commercial world, with the result that
churches, schools and libraries are virtually
forbidden to use them. The trade group hold-
ing this monopoly is made up as follows: (i)
The manufacturer of moving picture films.
There are to-day 55 manufacturers, or produc-
ers, including those who import, and of this
number 35 supply the mass of films for 17,000
shows. (2) The middle man who rents his
goods day by day, his object being to buy as
little as he can and to keep his stock con-
stantly in use. (3) The exhibitor, who is
entirely dependent on the middle man, and
who is said to "violate the ethics of the pro-
fession" if he complains, for instance, be-
cause he is required to pay the same for two
pictures, both two weeks old, but of totally
different grade. What is the result therefore
when an educational institution attempts to
obtain moving picture films? It goes to an
exchange to select the films, but finds no
catalog, and only films made in the past three
or four months, and these already contracted
for. There is but one trade group conducting
an educational department, and here the prices
are exorbitant and unless the films are en-
gaged much in advance they cannot be ob-
tained.
In solution of the problem Mr. Collier sug-
gested three methods: a new business enter-
prise well capitalized, making the films avail-
able in the right way; an endowment estab-
lished by some philanthropist for the produc-
tion and distribution of films ; or the estab-
lishment by the city or state of a library of
moving picture films, the collection to be en-
larged by their rental.
Conditions at present operate to discourage
such art and to paralyze the educational value
of moving pictures. If the pictures cannot be
advertised or seen a second time, what encour-
February, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
agement is there to manufacture films of a
high grade? The present situation represents
the maximum production of low grade films.
The negatives of all moving pictures can be
preserved, and most of the films made still
exist in the negative, but are not used. The
average price of a film to-day is $130, but if
these films were made available for daily use
they would be good for about three years and
the price therefore reduced to $40 or $50.
Such changes in conditions would react on
the present system, allowing a diversification
of moving pictures, and such a use of the
films as would result in the educational benefit
of the entire community.
At the conclusion of Mr. Collier's address,
Miss Plummer opened the meeting for the
discussion, and called on Mr. William Mc-
Andrew, principal of the Washington Irving
High School, to speak. Mr. McAndrew told
in a very entertaining fashion of his own ex-
periences at moving picture shows, and em-
phasized the uncertainty of the productions.
He spoke of the Municipal Theatre at his
school, where they would be glad to use mov-
ing pictures but for the conditions as stated
by Mr. Collier.
Miss Hassler, of the Queens Borough Public
Library, spoke briefly of the various ways in
which that library has used the moving pic-
tures to create public interest in its collections.
The meeting adjourned and a social hour
followed, refreshments being served in the
cafeteria.
ETHEL H. BUDINGTON, Secretary.
LONG ISLAND LIBRARY CLUB
The regular meeting of the Long Island
Library Club was held at Pratt Institute Free
Library on the evening' of Jan. 15. It was
purely social in character, for which Mr.
Stevens, chairman of the committee on ar-
rangements, had prepared a most entertaining
and varied program of readings.
Miss Harriot Hassler, president of the club,
first introduced Mrs. Barrie, who read in her
inimitable way a selection called "Sport," by
Irving Cobb, all pure satire showing the joys
of fishing when one never catches fish, of
camping when it always rains, of sailing when
one casts one's eyes longingly towards shore
and of the pleasures of a motor boat which
always does everything but the one thing ex-
pected of it.
This was followed by one of W. W. Jacobs'
short stories, "The monkey's paw," read by
Miss Rathbone. She rightly called it a
ghastly tale, and laid all the responsibility
for the selection upon Mr. Stevens' shoulders,
as she had given him the choice of some
pretty garden verse or the ghastly tale.
Arthur Guiterman's "Quest of the ribband,"
read from the August Harper's by Mr.
Stevens, brought the club from the realms of
the supernatural to a department store. The
feeling way in which it was rendered made
one think that Mr. Stevens knew from ex-
perience whereof he spoke.
In the absence of Miss Cowles, Miss Hass-
ler read "Dream of a child's Christmas eve,"
an interpretation of the spirit of the children's
room in a public library on Christmas eve.
Miss Hitchler's Jewish selection, "R.S.V.P.
from Abe and Mawruss," by Montague Glass,
concluded the program. All enjoyed the un-
usually good imitation of the commercial Jew.
A rising vote of thanks was given to the
chairman on arrangements for the very de-
lightful evening and for the hospitality of
Pratt Institute, when the club adjourned to the
class room for refreshments.
ELEANOR ROPER, Secretary.
PENNSYLVANIA LIBRARY CLUB
The January meeting of the Pennsylvania
Library Club was held on Monday evening,
Jan. 12, 1912, in the auditorium *f the Drop-
sie College for Hebrew and Cognate Learn-
ing. Dr. Cyrus Adler, president of the club,
gave a most interesting description of the plan
and scope of the college and the library, which
at present contains over 9000 volumes. The
70 members who braved the elements to at-
tend the meeting felt well repaid, as the li-
brary is unique in its collection of books and
very interesting.
The February meeting will be held at the
headquarters of the History Society of Penn-
sylvania. The address will be given by the
Hon. Samuel W. Pennypacker, former gover-
nor of Pennsylvania, on "Early Pennsylvania
literature."
ILLINOIS LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
The i8th annual meeting of the Illinios Li-
brary Association was held at Chicago, Tues-
day and Wednesday, the 3Oth and 3ist of De-
cember, 1913, in rooms at the Hotel La Salle.
The first address of welcome was delivered
by Henry E. Legler, librarian of the Chicago
Public Library, who welcomed the visiting
librarians to Chicago and spoke of the work
of the libraries there. The second address of
welcome was delivered by Charles J. Barr,
president of the Chicago Library Club, who
tendered a special invitation to the reception
on Thursday evening, Jan. I. The response
by Mr. Windsor, president, emphasized that
132
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[February, 1914
in the library world there was no division be-
tween Chicago and the rest of the state.
The legislative committee then presented its
report. At the first meeting of the commit-
tee, held in November, 1912, it was decided
that the general program of the committee
should be as follows : First, Secure an amend-
ment to the Juul Act exempting the library
rate from reduction; or the establishment of
a minimum rate. Second, Amendments to the
Library Act to provide for an increased rate
and other changes or possibly the enactment
of an entirely new Library Law. Third, The
enactment of a law creating an Illinois Li-
brary Commission.
The chairman of the committee made a
personal canvass of the state with a view to
ascertaining the library situation in various
cities, collecting data showing the effect of the
Juul Act on the revenues of the public libra-
ries, interesting librarians and directors in
the situation, and securing the interest and
attention of the local members of the state
legislature.
Aurora, Joliet, Batavia, Geneva, Rockford,
Dixon, Freeport, Springfield, Jacksonville, De-
catur, Peoria, and other places were visited,
and the information desired in regard to the
tax rates was secured directly from the county
clerk. It was found that the operation of the
scaling provision of the law was quite general,
although in several instances the county clerk
"took a chance" as one expressed it and said
"that as long as the question was not raised
by any of the local taxpayers directly inter-
ested, and since the library tax was very small
anyway, he would overlook his apparent duty
and not reduce the library rate as a strict
interpretation of the law required." The gen-
eral rate of reduction varied from 16 2/3 per
cent, to 33 1/3 per cent.
"In a number of cases it was found that the
libraries did not receive their full rate as al-
lowed by law, but this was brought about by
the fact that the full rate was not asked for
by the tax-levying body. Take for example,
a certain city entitled to 12 cents on the hun-
dred dollars ; it was found that the amount
appropriated and certified to in the tax levy
ordinance would be produced by a rate of 9
cents on the hundred dollars of the current
year's assessed valuation. It is evident that
the library in this instance might have re-
ceived 33 1/3 per cent more revenue had it
asked for all to which it was entitled.
"It was also found that outside of Cook
County the only city rates disturbed by the
scaling process were the rates for library and
park purposes, due to the fact that all other
rates were either exempt from scaling or had
a minimum rate equal to the full statutory
rate.
"The next step was to prepare a bill amend-
ing the Juul Act by which the library rate
would be outside the scale. When the draft
of a bill had been completed, it was found that
the city of Chicago had an amendment to the
section of the law the library was interested
in, and it seemed advisable to join forces with
the city and have the library amendment in-
corporated in the city's bill. As the bill was
finally passed, public libraries in the state out-
side of Chicago should not suffer any reduc-
tion through the operation of the Juul Act,
and it is up to the directors to see that the
taxes, beginning with those for 1913, are not
reduced on account of this law."
The second item in the program, as laid out
by the committee, was not attempted on ac-
count of the shortness of time after the ef-
forts in behalf of the first measure and the
adjournment of the General Assembly.
In the matter of a law creating a library
commission, a bill was drafted and copies sent
to the president of the Association, members
of the Library Extension Commission, and
others interested in the matter. This bill
among other things provided for a State Leg-
islative Reference Library, but instead of this
feature proving an asset as was expected,
it seemed to detract from the bill. The con-
sensus of opinion seemed to be that since the
powers of the new commission would not be
much greater than those of the Library- Ex-
tension Commission, it would be better to let
existing laws stand for the present and work
towards securing, if possible, a larger appro-
priation for the work of the Library Extension
Commission.
The report of this committee was followed
by discussion of the situation in Evanston
where $14,000 ought to be available but only
$9,000 is appropriated, and by suggestions of
provisions which should be incorporated in a
new library law.
The report of the treasurer showed receipts
for the year of $336.75 and disbursements of
$45.85, leaving a cash balance on hand of
$290.90.
The Association voted to affiliate with the
American Library Association, and a resolu-
tion was adopted that a committee be ap-
pointed to consider revision of the constitution
and by-laws of the Illinois Library Association,
to present its report at the next annual meet-
ing. An invitation was received inviting the
February, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
133
Association to hold its next meeting at Spring-
field under the auspices of the State Library
department.
The Trustees' Association held its second
annual meeting Tuesday morning preceding
the regular meeting of the Library Association.
A committee was appointed to ascertain what
legislation can be attempted to benefit the li-
braries. The present officers and executive
board were re-elected.
A book symposium was held Tuesday eve-
ning at which Legros' "Fabre, the poet of
science," Maeterlinck's "Our eternity," White's
"Lyman Trumbull," and Beard's "Economic
interpretation of the constitution of the United
States" were discussed. This was followed
by an illustrated lecture entitled, "A library
tour," by Theodore W. Koch, librarian of the
University of Michigan, who took his hearers
through some of the leading public and col-
lege libraries of Europe and America.
Among the papers presented was one on
"What we do in addition to library work," by
Lorena N. Webber, librarian of the Jackson-
ville Public Library, in which the library ex-
hibits, lecture courses and reading circles were
described. Another was "Work and plans of
the Illinois Library Extension Commission,"
by Mrs. Eugenie M. Bacon of Decatur, mem-
ber of the commission. She told of the estab-
lishment of the commission in 1908 and of its
struggles and growth, till in 1913 the legisla-
ture appropriated $5270 for its use.
The third main subject was "Work and
program of the Illinois Legislative Bureau,"
and this was introduced by Hon. Finley F.
Bell, the secretary. After lengthy debates the
General Assembly established the bureau in
the state capital in 1913 and decided that the
governor should be the chairman of the Bu-
reau, and that the membership should consist
of two senators, and two members of the
House, who were the chairmen of the judiciary
and appropriations committees in their respec-
tive bodies.
Information is being sought from states
already possessing legislative reference bureaus
as to methods of adminisiration. The acquis-
ition of material is progressing rapidly and in
three months a considerable supply of books,
pamphlets, public documents, periodicals and
newspapers clippings has been brought to-
gether. An index of matter in course of pub-
lication is kept, and of information of impor-
tance obtained through correspondence.
Special attention is paid to bibliographic in-
formation. Bill drafting is one of the most
useful and necessary purposes for which the
bureau may be employed, and an effort will
be made to have an extremely competent staff
for this work.
Discussion of this address brought out the
fact that two duties of the Illinois Bureau are
broader than those in some other states, (i)
The duty to classify, digest and index all bills,
resolutions, etc., and every Monday to distrib-
ute copies to each member. (2) The duty
to prepare a detailed budget of appropriations
for the next biennium with a comparison of
the amount voted by the previous assembly,
formerly done by the committee on appropria-
tions only 30 days before adjournment.
The next paper was on the "Municipal ref-
erence work of the Chicago Public Library,"
by Henry E. Legler, the Chicago librarian.
The last subject was "Commission govern-
ment as affecting Illinois libraries." On this
topic Jane P. Hubbell, librarian of the Rock-
ford Public Library, read a paper on "Com-
mission government as affecting libraries in
cities outside of Illinois"; and Mary B. Lind-
say, librarian of the Evanston Public Library,
read one on "Commission government as af-
fecting librarians in Illinois."
The following officers were elected for the
ensuing year: president, F. K. W. Drury,
Urbana ; vice-president, Jane P. Hubbell, Rock-
ford; secretary, Maud Parsons, Joliet; treas-
urer, Mary P. Booth, Charleston. Council
(terms to expire 1916), Louise B. Krause,
Chicago; Mrs. Robert Bruce Farson, St.
Charles.
F. K. W. DRURY, Secretary.
CHICAGO LIBRARY CLUB
On the evening of Jan. i, 1914, the Chicago
Library Club and libraries of Chicago gave
the annual reception in honor of the visiting
librarians, in the ball room of the Hotel La
Salle.
About three hundred guests were present,
among them many well known in the library
world. A buffet luncheon was served about
ten o'clock, after which the orchestra struck
a new note, passing to most bewitching dance
music. A happy evening was enjoyed by all.
AGNES J. PETERSEN, Secretary.
INDIANA STATE TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION-
LIBRARY SECTION
The meeting of the Library Section was
called to order in the teachers' assembly room
of Shortridge High School, Indianapolis, Mon-
day afternoon, Dec. 22. by the president, W.
D. Howe, of the English department of In-
diana University, Bloomington. The president
134
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[February, 1914
gave a short address of welcome, introducing
the subject for the afternoon's program, "High
school library problems."
The first discussion was on "Book selection
and buying," led by Miss Frances Benedict, of
the Marion High School. Miss Clara Hadley,
librarian of Manual Training High School, In-
dianapolis, read a paper on "Magazines for the
high school library." "Our lending system"
was described by Miss Josephine Dages, libra-
rian of the high school at Muncie. A discus-
sion on "How to teach the boys and girls to
use the library" was led by Mr. E. H. K. Mc-
Comb, of the English department, Manual
Training High School, Indianapolis.
"Co-operation with outside agencies" was
next discussed. The problem of "Co-opera-
tion from the high school library" was the
subject of a paper read by Miss Ruth Stetson,
librarian of Evansville High School. "Co-op-
eration from the public library" was discussed
by Miss Cerene Ohr, Indiana Public Library,
Miss Helen M. Davis, librarian of Franklin
Public Library, and Miss Gertrude Thiebaud,
librarian of Peru Public Library. Miss Flor-
ence Venn, reference librarian, Indiana State
Library, told of the "Co-operation from the
state library."
"What conditions are met by the high school
library that can not be met by the public li-
brary" was discussed by B. F. Moore, super-
intendent of schools, Muncie, and A. E. High-
ley, superintendent of schools, Marion.
The report of the committee on nominations
was as follows: President, A. E. Highley,
superintendent of schools, Marion, Ind. ; vice-
president, Miss Gertrude Thiebaud, librarian,
Public Library, Peru, Ind.; secretary, Miss
Ruth Stetson, librarian, High School, Evans-
ville, Ind.
RUTH STETSON, Secretary,
MICHIGAN LIBRARIANS' ASSOCIATION
The Michigan Librarians' Association will
meet in Menominee in August. Stewart Ed-
ward White, author of "The blazed trail," will
address the convention.
MILWAUKEE LIBRARY CLUB
At the meeting of the Milwaukee Library
Club held Tuesday evening, Dec. 16, the Rev.
William Dallmann gave an interesting and
scholarly talk on "Some lives of Christ : their
merits and demerits." The best life of Christ,
Mr. Dallmann holds, is to be found in the
four gospels. For the average reader he rec-
ommended, "Days of His flesh," by David
Smith, which combines scientific method of
treatment with entire readableness.
Miss Margaret Reynolds paid a brief tribute
to the late R. G. Thwaites.
JOSEPHINE KULZICK, Secretary.
PACIFIC NORTHWEST LIBRARY ASSOCIA-
TION.
The proceedings of the Pacific Northwest
Library Association which met in Tacoma,
June 12-14, have just been published in pam-
phlet form. Besides a complete report of the
proceedings there is included a complete list
of officers and members, and also a list of so-
cieties and associations which distribute free
publications.
Xibrarp Scboote
NEW YORK STATE LIBRARY SCHOOL.
Dr. John M. Clarke, director of the Science
Division of the University of the State of
New York, spoke to the school on "Popular
scientific books," Jan. 20.
The student practice in outside libraries will
extend from March 2 to March 28. Regular
school exercises will be suspended in the mean-
time.
The seniors have selected the following sub-
jects for their graduation bibliographies:
Miss Cowley: Selected bibliography of col-
lege and university libraries in the United
States. (Supplementing New York State Li-
brary Bibliography Bulletin 19. 1899.)
Miss Erskine: Vegetable gardening.
Mr. Hamilton : The institutional church ; a
select list.
Miss Ingalls : Select bibliography of Ameri-
can art ; painting, sculpture, architecture.
Miss Jewett: Historical material in New
York State documents.
Miss Pidgeon : Vocations for self-support-
ing college women : a reading list.
Mr. Sawyer: Novels relating to the Ameri-
can Revolution; a select list.
Miss Schneider: Jewish life in American
and English fiction ; a reading list.
Miss Vaile: The battle of Pittsburgh.
"Library and community" studies selected as
alternatives to the graduation bibliography are :
Mr. Rice: Boston.
Miss Rothrock: Memphis.
Mr. Slomann : Albany.
Miss Elizabeth Lowry ('14), who has been
absent on account of illness, has returned to
the school.
SUMMER SESSION
The summer session this year will extend
from June 3 to July 17, and will be divided
February, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
135
into two short courses of three weeks each
beginning respectively June 3 and June 25.
The first will be devoted to reference work
in its broadest sense and the latter to the more
technical subjects of cataloging and classifica-
tion. Contrary to a more or less general im-
pression, a rather extended canvass of libra-
ries of the state proved that among smaller
libraries there is a genuine demand for sim-
ple, sensible training in the essential technique
of library work, and that, in view of this spe-
cific need, the omission of these subjects from
a summer course in order to make room for
more general features is not at present justi-
fied. A special circular of the summer session
is now in press. F. K. WALTER.
PRATT INSTITUTE SCHOOL OF LIBRARY
SCIENCE
It has been the policy of the school to send
out questionnaires to its graduates from time
to time to collect information regarding their
positions, the kinds of work done, the hours a
week required, the vacation privileges en-
joyed, and their salaries. A questionnaire of
this sort was sent out in November, and while
full returns have not yet come in, about 247
graduates have been .heard from, and it is
possible to draw certain rather interesting
conclusions from their reports. By far the
larger number of our graduates are in public
libraries, but there are about 40 in school and
college libraries, 20 or more in state library
and library commission work, and 27 in special
libraries — law, medical, engineering, scientific,
and business libraries. While 42 hours' work
a week seem to be still the norm, we find
that 95 of our graduates work less than 45,
while only about 30 report more than 42 hours.
An increasing number report that no time
specification is made, the tendency being appa-
rently to leave people in executive positions to
determine their own schedules. One month is
preponderatingly the accepted period for pub-
lic library vacations ; 153 have so far reported
one month vacations, only 20 two weeks (they
being for the most part in business positions),
21 receive three weeks, and something over 30
fortunate ones report from six weeks to three
months (those being for the most part in
school and college library positions). A re-
port will be made as to salaries and kinds of
positions when more complete returns have
been received.
The usual Christmas party took place in the
north classroom on Thursday afternoon, Dec.
• A gay little Christmas tree was the cen-
ter of attraction, while the will of the class of
1913, addressed to that of 1914 and containing
the amusing results of the year's experiences,
was read.
The first lecturer of the second term was
Miss Theresa Hitchler, who gave two talks on
the organization and work of the cataloging
department of the Brooklyn Public Library.
She was followed by Miss Clara W. Hunt,
who gave three lectures on children's work.
The students have been asked to consider
as a class exercise individual attendance upon
the exhibition of the making of a book at
Charles Scribner's Sons, as it is thought they
will get more from the exhibition in this way
than if they go in a body.
ALUMNI NOTES
Miss Lillian Burt, class of 1902, formerly
cataloger at the Library of California Uni-
versity, is now librarian at Hilo, Hawaiian
Islands.
Miss Mary Frank, class of 1908, formerly
first assistant in the Bloomingdale branch of
the New York Public Library, has been made
librarian of the public library at Everett,
Washington.
Miss Margrete Thunbo, class of 1913, has
resigned her position in the cataloging de-
partment of Yale University to return to
Copenhagen} her home, where she will have
charge of a branch in the new public library
system.
JOSEPHINE ADAMS RATHBONE, Vice-director.
NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY— LIBRARY
SCHOOL
The Christmas vacation began on Dec. 19,
and school reopened on Jan. 5. The Christmas
festivities consisted of the singing of school
songs and German songs around a Christmas
tree, the telling of Christmas stories very de-
lightfully by Miss Anna Tyler of the library
staff, and the distribution of amusing gifts,
with a general consumption of coffee and cof-
fee cake.
During the last two weeks of the term, Miss
Mary E. Robbins spent several mornings at-
tending recitations, examining equipment, and
looking over the school schedules, as a begin-
ning of her work of inspection for the A. L.
A. committee on training.
The interest of the first week of the second
term, for the juniors, centered on binding,
owing to a visit to the Tapley bindery with
Miss Murray and Mr. Arthur Bailey, two of
the A. L. A. committee on binding, and two
lectures from Mr. Bailey, on "Binding ma-
terials" and "Binding procedure." A tea fol-
lowed the second lecture. Miss Murray's dem-
onstration lectures on repairing and rebinding
136
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[February, 1914
followed Mr. Bailey's, while the actual work
of sewing and binding is to be given in the
spring term.
An experiment in dividing the junior class
will be tried during the coming term, in the
course in appraisal of fiction. Miss Mary
Ogden White, a well-known reviewer and
critic, will meet some of the students each
week in the seminar room to consider the
same books and authors assigned to the other
division of the class, handling the work, how-
ever, somewhat differently.
Seniors in administration have divided their
time so far this term, between the study of
the public schools and of library finances. Vis-
its have been made to grades i to 8 and to the
truant schools, and the class has been consider-
ing the financial reports and budgets of libra-
ries with Mr. Lockwood as lecturer.
The other seniors are having a course in
the literature of the natural sciences, by Mr.
Freeman F. Burr of Columbia University, and
the students in advanced cataloging are study-
ing early printed books and having lectures
on the history of printing.
Among the questions asked at the close of
Mr. F. W. Jenkins' course on civic topics were
the following : What can the library do to aid
the survey idea? Why do some cities object
to the survey, and how can you meet this ob-
jection?
What do we mean by bad housing? What
are the causes? Name two results.
What can the library do to further the pub-
lic health movement?
What should be the library's attitude toward
furnishing recreation as contrasted with edu-
cation ?
As a librarian, to whom would you turn for
help on questions relating to labor legislation?
State briefly your attitude toward immigra-
tion. What can the library do for the new-
comers?
Give your idea of what a prison library
should be. Would you administer such a li-
brary through a trained librarian or a trusty?
Give reasons.
What periodicals would you advise for civic
and social information?
Problem. — A new library is started in a city
of 30,000 : the schools are in the hands of poli-
ticians; the churches preach a comfortable
doctrine to people in comfortable circum-
stances. There is little public spirit, and a
great deal of self-satisfaction. If you were
appointed librarian, what would you do?
Problem. — What do you think the library may
do with the following agencies, so far as co-
operation is concerned? Church, board of
education, women's clubs, men's clubs, Y. M.
C. A., Charity Organization Society.
MARY W. PLUMMER, Principal.
ANNUAL REPORT
The annual report for the second year of
the school, ending June 30, 1913, has recently
been published. The year differed from the
preceding chiefly from the fact that two classes
were entered, junior and senior. This made
necessary an extra class room and an increased
number of lecturers and teachers, as well as
arrangements for senior practice. Fifteen of
the junior class of 1912-13 were accepted for
senior work, all but four holding paid posi-
tions in the library during the year. The total
enrolment of the school was 70. Some
changes were made in the faculty, Miss Cath-
erine S. Tracey> of the division of economics
of the New York Public Library, being en-
gaged as librarian and school bibliographer, and
Miss Martha Buchanan, of the staff of Pratt
Institute Free Library, taking charge of the
mechanical preparation of the school library's
collection. A study room on the second floor
was equipped for senior work. The school
collection of books and bound pamphlets now
numbers 2473, and specimen numbers of about
300 periodicals are kept on file. A model
catalog, representing the usual problems that
come up in cataloging, was made by the
juniors of 1913. A beginning of a school col-
lection of the printed work of its students and
graduates was made. Aside from the lectures
by the faculty, 56 other lectures were given
to the junior class and 68 to the seniors on
professional and literary subjects and those of
sociological interest. The students visited
most of the libraries in and near New York
City, and a visit to Washington and Phila-
delphia was made in the spring vacation.
Very few changes of importance were made
in the junior curriculum. A course of five
lessons and a test in periodicals was added,
and lessons in book-sewing and simple bind-
ing. The senior course was a matter of ex-
periment this first year. Courses were given
in advanced reference and cataloging, admin-
istration, and in library work for children.
Fifteen seniors received appointments before
the end of the school year, also sixteen juniors
not expecting to complete the course at pres-
ent, while nineteen juniors received appoint-
ments for part-time work during their senior
year, all but one in the New York Public
Library and its branches. For the year 1913-
14 the school had, July i, an advance regis-
tration of twenty-five seniors and forty-three
juniors.
February, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
137
UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN— LIBRARY
SCHOOL
In the death of Dr. Reuben Gold Thwaites
the school has suffered an irreparable loss. As
vice-chairman of the Wisconsin Library Com-
mission, he was, from the very inception of
the school, its wise counselor and staunch
supporter. All who have been connected with
the school, either as faculty or students, well
know how much his counsel and friendship
will be missed. His memory is a blessed her-
itage to all whose lives he touched.
The daily work of the school has progressed
on its even way, with lessons, lectures, prac-
tice work, required reading and study, and
apprentice appointments; the changes made in
the established schedule as announced in the
last report, are working out satisfactorily.
Since the last report special lectures have been
given as follows:
Oct. 22. "The Wisconsin idea," Dr. Charles
McCarthy.
Oct. 31. "Evaluation of books in American
history," Dr. C. R. Fish, professor
of American history
Nov. 12. "Source material in the Wisconsin
Historical Library," Dr. Root,
professor of American history.
Nov. 14. "The problem of public library serv-
ice for the rural population," Mr.
S. H. Ranck, librarian of Grand
Rapids (Mich.) Public Library.
Nov. 19. "Nature and value of good bind-
ing," Mr. Cedric divers.
Dec. i. "The arts of illustration," Dr. Theo-
dore W. Koch, librarian of the
University of Michigan.
Dec. 3 and 5. "The remodeling of a library
system," Mr. Henry E. Legler,
librarian of the Chicago Public
Library. Two illustrated lectures
on the library problem in Chicago.
Dec. ii. "The library spirit," Miss L. E.
Stearns.
:. 13. Annual exhibition arranged by the
students, illustrating the work and
characteristics of American pub-
lishing houses.
After all these lectures, opportunity was
jiven for informal conference with the speak-
5, discussing the points of the lecture in or-
to correlate the practice of different libra-
ries with the daily lessons in the school, either
>r the emphasis of contrast or similarity in
lethods. Discussion of different methods is
especially invited that the students may have
a broad outlook upon the whole field of library
work. Some of the lectures were followed by
exhibitions, notably the one by Dr. Koch on
the "Arts of illustration."
Class elections were held just before the
school adjourned for the holidays. Miss Cal-
lie Wieder, of West Branch, Iowa, was elected
president; Miss Mary B. Kimball, of Green
Bay, Wisconsin, vice-president; Miss Louise
C. Grace, Detroit, secretary, and Jennie W.
McMullin, Madison, treasurer.
SCHOOL NOTES
The faculty and students enjoyed a Novem-
ber picnic at Arbroath, the cottage of Mr. and
Mrs. Frederickson at Maple Bluff. Under the
guidance of Mr. C. E. Brown of the Wiscon-
sin Historical Museum, Chippewa, Winnebago,
and other Indian games were played to the
delight of all. After a supper served round a
great fire-place, Indian myths and other stories
were told, and old-fashioned games played.
This autumn picnic was substituted for the
usual Hallowe'en fete of the school.
The students arranged to celebrate Thanks-
giving together, since few were able to go
home for one day. A Thanksgiving dinner
was served at a banquet table in Lathrop Hall,
followed by toasts. In the evening, there was
a program of songs, Thanksgiving stories, and
dancing.
On the occasion of Mr. Olivers' visit an in-
formal tea was given at the rooms of the
school, that all might have an opportunity to
meet him.
On December 4, Mr. and Mrs. Dudgeon en-
tertained the faculty and students of the
school at their home in honor of Mr. Legler.
A demonstration of moving pictures produced
by a home kinetoscope, story telling, and music
provided the entertainment of the evening.
Miss Marion Frederickson entertained all
connected with the school with a Christmas
party at her home on December 20. Christ-
mas greens, Christmas carols and general good
cheer, and a Christmas tree loaded with gifts
accompanied by appropriate rhymes made an
evening long to be remembered.
ALUMNI NOTES
Helen Gorton, '07, will organize the Ply-
mouth (Ind.) Public Library during the en-
suing year.
Mrs. Gladys Tallett Waterick, '08, and Ruth
Balch, '12, visited the school during Novem-
ber.
Mrs. Eugenia Marshall Rainey, '09, has been
appointed a trustee of the Salem (111.) Public
Library, and is chairman of the book com-
mittee.
138
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[February, 1914
Grace Poland, '10, will commence work as
cataloging assistant in the Helena (Mont.)
Public Library in January.
Ruth P. Hughes, '10, children's librarian,
Freeport, 111., is on leave of absence for the
winter, and is enjoying the months in Califor-
nia.
Corina L. Kittelson, '10, has accepted a posi-
tion in the cataloging department of the De-
noce Public Library.
Grace Woodward, '10, was married on De-
cember 20, to Dr. Walter R. Smith, of the
Kansas State Normal School, Emporia.
Emma Wald, '10, resigned at cataloger in
the Racine Public Library to become cataloger
in the library of the Milwaukee State Normal
School.
Dorothy Kantz, 'n, went to the Public Li-
brary of Des Moines, Iowa, as cataloger. on
November i.
Zela Smith, fn, was married on Nov. 15 to
Mr. Arthur MacArthur, Jr., of Minneapolis.
She has been assistant in the Superior (Wis.)
Public Library since graduation.
Dorothea C. Heins, '12, resigned her posi-
tion in the Montgomery (Ala.) Public Library
to become head of the circulation department
in the Public Library at Superior.
SIMMONS COLLEGE LIBRARY SCHOOL
The college closed on Dec. 19 for the Christ-
mas recess, reopening on Jan. 5. The students,
with renewed energy, made the most of the
rest of the term, which culminated in the mid-
year examinations, Jan. 21-31.
Two members of the one-year course util-
ized the vacation for valuable practice work,
Miss Elva Greef reorganizing the library of
the Boston Y. M. C. A., and Miss Edith Phail
working in the children's room and in the
new Sewall avenue reading room of the
Brookline Public Library.
Miss Donnelly and Miss Ridlon attended the
Round Table of Library Schools in Chicago,
Jan. 2.
Afternoon visits have been made to the spe-
cial library of Stone and Webster, and to the
Boston Book Company, and on Saturday, Jan.
10, the seniors and college graduates, with
Miss Hill, spent the day in Worcester, visit-
ing there the Public Library, the Worcester
County Law Library, and the libraries of
Clark University and the Antiquarian So-
ciety.
Lectures have been given by visitors as fol-
lows:
Nov. 20. "Book buying from a bookseller's
point of view," by Mr. W. B. Clarke, of
Boston.
Dec. 2. "Work with the blind," by Miss Laura
M. Sawyer, of the Perkins Institute for the
Blind.
Dec. 4. "Auction buying," by Mr. C. K. Bol-
ton.
Dec. 17. "The library of the W. E. 1. U." by
Miss Ethel Johnson, librarian of the Wom-
en's Educational and Industrial Union of
Boston.
Jan. 8. "The Harvard University Library," by
Mr. W. C. Lane.
The last was illustrated by stereopticon
views, chiefly of Harvard's new building.
Both the lantern and the reflectoscope are
available to exhibit illustrative material, the
latter making it possible to utilize post-card
collections and illustrations in books. Miss
Hill has taken advantage of it in the course
on library buildings, and it is proposed to util-
ize it as freely as possible for other courses.
GRADUATE NOTES
Margaret E. Becker, C I, 1912 resigned
from the Worcester County Law Library to
accept a position in the University of Roches-
ter Library.
Mary Dunbar, C. I, 1911, resigned from
Mount Holyoke College Library to take up
the work of assistant in the Grove City Col-
lege Library, Grove City, Pa.
Mabel Eaton. C. II, 1910, has accepted
position of head cataloger at Williams Col-
lege.
Isabel Monro, C. I, 1907, is now on the
staff of the Columbia University Library.
Lucy Osborne, special student, 1007-09, has
accepted the position of general assistant at
Williams College Library.
JUNE RICHARDSON DONNELLY.
WESTERN RESERVE LIBRARY SCHOOL
NEWS NOTES
The school entertained the apprentice class
of the Cleveland Public Library on Dec. 19 at
afternoon tea, after which the guests of the
afternoon accompanied the students to the Col-
lege for Women campus to hear the Christ-
mas carols sung by the College Glee Club.
The first assignment for loan practice in the
various branches of the Cleveland Public Li-
brary has been completed and a series of visits
to the branches and departments of the li-
brary system has been begun under the direc-
rection of Miss Eastman in connection with
her library administration course.
February, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
139
During the past month beside the regular
faculty lectures the students have had the
pleasure of hearing Professor Arbuthnot of
Adelbert College discuss the books on eco-
nomics in a very interesting and original man-
ner. On Jan. 6 Miss Corinne Bacon, director
of the Library School of Drexel Institute, was
an honored guest at the school and spoke to
the class, her subject being, "What it means
to be a librarian." The following day she
spoke to the staff and training class of the
Cleveland Public Library, where the Library
School students were again privileged to hear
her.
ALUMNI NOTES
Mary Scott Wallis, '06, who has been the
temporary assistant municipal reference libra-
rian of the Cleveland Public Library, is now
head of the department of public documents at
the Free Library of Philadelphia.
Bertha R. Barden, '07, has resigned her posi-
tion as cataloger in the St. Paul Public Li-
brary to accept the position of assistant libra-
rian in the North Dakota Agricultural Col-
lege Library at Fargo.
Mabel Delle Jones, '08, has resigned her
position as librarian of the Public Library of
Charleston, W. Va., to become librarian of the
State Department of Archives and History.
Eva M. Morris, '12, has been appointed mu-
nicipal reference librarian of the Cleveland
Public Library.
Emma Hulings, '13, was married Dec. 31, to
Mr. Frank Everheart Stewart of Oil City, Pa.
ALICE S. TYLER, Director.
CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH-
TRAINING SCHOOL FOR CHILDREN'S
LIBRARIANS
After the usual Christmas recess of two
weeks the Training School opened for the
winter term on Monday, Jan. 5. The junior
courses for the term are: Classification, Miss
Mann; cataloging, Miss Randall; lending sys-
tems, Miss Welles ; book numbers, Miss Mann ;
reference work, Miss Stewart; story telling,
Miss Whiteraan; book selection, Miss Ellis,
Miss Smith, Miss Bullock, Miss Howard, Miss
Blanchard ; seminar for periodical review,
Miss McCurdy.
The senior courses are: Book selection,
Miss Smith; cataloging, Miss Smith; history
of libraries, Miss Stewart.
Miss Erne L. Power, supervisor of children's
work of the St. Louis Public Library, and a
member of the staff of lecturers of the Train-
ing School, gave a series of ten lectures to the
junior class the last week in January. Her
subjects were: "Book selection," "Administra-
tion of children's rooms," "Organization of a
children's department" and "Work with nor-
mal schools."
During the winter term the junior students
are scheduled each Monday morning for prac-
tice in adult routine work in the Central Lend-
ing Division and in the branch libraries. Seven
members of the junior class held part time
substitute positions on the staff of the library
during the Christmas recess.
Dr. Charles A. Eastman, Indian author and
lecturer, talked to the students Dec. igth, upon
"Indian life."
Miss Corinne Bacon, librarian and director
of the Library School, Drexel Institute, Phila-
delphia, Pa., gave a lecture Jan. 9 upon "What
it means to be a librarian."
ALUMNAE NOTES
Margaret Louise Bateman, 1910, has been
appointed assistant in the Soho Children's
Room, Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh.
Phyllis E. Murray, 1913, has been appointed
children's librarian in the Public Library of
Oshkosh, Wisconsin.
Emma Dunham Lee, 1911, has been ap-
pointed librarian of the Davis Library of
Highway Engineering of Columbia University,
New York City.
Lesley Newton, 1913, has been appointed as-
sistant-in-charge of the Soho Children's Room,
Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh.
Elizabeth Hoard Dexter, 1914, has been ap-
pointed children's librarian in the Detroit Pub-
lic Library, Detroit, Mich.
CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF ATLANTA— LIBRARY
SCHOOL
The circular of information of the Library
School of the Carnegie Library of Atlanta
for 1913-1914 has appeared. The school has
a one-year course designed to prepare students
as librarians for small libraries, and as assist-
ants in other libraries. Especial attention is
given to the course in administrative work, in-
cluding the study of plans for small buildings
and the details of organization of new libra-
ries, in order to meet the demand which the
increased activity of the library movement of
the South frequently makes on the graduates
of the school. A thesis on the organization
and administration of a small public library is
required of each student before graduation.
It is with books as with men; a very small
number play a great part ; the rest are con-
founded with the multitude. — VOLTAIRE.
140
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[February, 1914
PRAY, JAS. STURGIS, and KIMBALL, THEODORA.
City-planning ; a comprehensive analysis. . .
for the classification of books, etc. Harvard
Univ. Press, 1913. 103 p. O.
This "comprehensive analysis of the subject
arranged for the classification of books, plans,
photographs, notes and other collected ma-
terial" is based on a "Preliminary outline" by
the same authors printed in May last in order
to invite suggestion and criticism. Mr. Pray
is the chairman and Miss Kimball the libra-
rian of the School of Landscape Architecture
of Harvard University, and the classification
has been developed primarily to meet the needs
of that special library. The same scheme is to
be used in the arrangement of the extensive
city-planning bibliography which the School
of Landscape Architecture is preparing.
"City-planning" is defined in the prefatory
matter as "the organization of the physical
city, town or district to fit it to its complex
use." Its diverse relationships, its rapid pres-
ent growth in importance leaving the whole
subject in a state of flux and any form of
classification consequently difficult, the incon-
sistencies and maladjustments inherent in any
attempted classification however carefully
worked out — all these are clearly pointed out
also in the preface.
In form the present classification follows the
L. C. scheme and fits into it as a subdivision
of NAC, City-planning. It may, however
be easily adapted to the D. C. as one of the
subdivisions of 710 Landscape Gardening. In
this connection it might be mentioned that a
full classification of Landscape Architecture
proper, prepared by Professor Henry V. Hub-
bard and Theodora Kimball, will be shortly
forthcoming.
The following summarizes the classification,
frequent gaps being left for future growth :
250 General works.
500 City-planning movement.
700 Legislation.
800 Professional practice.
900 Study and teaching.
COMPOSITION OF CITY PLANS
1200 General theory.
1300 Data. Fundamental conditions.
1600 Organization and subdivision of city
area by dominant function. District-
ing.
1800 Organization and subdivision of city
area by streets and blocks.
1900 Elements of city plans.
2000 Channels of transportation.
3000 Blocks and lots. Land subdivision.
3400 Structures.
4000 Open spaces, public and quasi-public,
other than for traffic.
4800 Vegetation.
5000 Other elements.
5200 Types of city plans.
6800 City-planning, by countries and cities.
A "Geographical table" is appended to the
classification proper, and a very full "relative
index" (to numbers of topics in the classifica-
tion, as in the D. C., not to pages) which add
greatly to its usefulness. F. R.
BRIGHAM, Johnson. A library in the making.
Pioneer history of the Territorial and State
Library of Iowa.
This small volume forms a valuable contri-
bution to the early history of the library move-
ment in the middle west. Mr. Brigham is well
fitted for the task, as he is a trained librarian
and has a wide knowledge of his subject. He
carries the history of the library back to the
period when Iowa was a part of the territory
of Wisconsin. The first territorial library was
located in Dubuque in 1837, and one year later
under an act of Congress the first Iowa State
Library came into being. With minute atten-
tion to details Mr. Brigham reviews the his-
tory of the library for the succeeding years.
He presents as "Supplemental" a catalog of
the Territorial library in 1839, and a series of
library reports from 1840 to 1868. The treat-
ment throughout is annalistic in type which
may be explained from the cause of its incep-
tion. The minutes of the Iowa Library Board
of September, 1912, note that "the librarian
collect and edit the territorial and early re-
ports of the State Library and prepare them
for publication." The pamphlet is attractively
printed and is illustrated by pictures of the
first territorial librarian, his commission
signed by the governor and the title page of
the first catalog issued by the library in 1839.
The work of Mr. Brigham should inspire other
librarians whose libraries have even a longer
history than the Iowa Library to make a re-
search through the early files of their archives
and prepare a similar compilation.
H. O. B.
United States Bureau of Education. Bulletin
38, 1913. A list of books suited to a high-
school library. Compiled by the University
High School, Chicago, 111. Washington,
1913. 104 p.
A list of perhaps 1500 titles classified under
February, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
141
the names of fifteen high school subjects of
instruction. It differs from similar lists in that
it is not compiled from the librarian's point
of view, but from that of the departments
concerned, each having contributed those titles
which its experiences have proved of greatest
value. Latest editions have been preferred as
well as the least expensive works where there
was any choice. Textbook editions have been
carefully avoided and some attention has been
paid to good illustrations. Single and double
stars throughout differentiate the more and
most useful books. Many titles are repeated
in two or more sections. A full author index
is added. That the list is strictly up to date
is evidenced by the inclusion under the cap-
tion, "Drama" of Synge, Galsworthy, Bernard
Shaw, shoulder to shoulder with Shakespeare.
Many of the titles carry brief but pithy notes,
although some departments have omitted this
feature entirely. The minor typographical mis-
takes are very few considering the composite
preparation of the list. One scarcely recog-
nizes Disraeli under the mixed caption "B. D.
Beaconsfield," and "G. S. Cable" is noted as an
undue liberty with a very familiar name.
The list is an admirable one, however, and
little fault can be found with it or valid differ-
ences of opinion save those suggested by
varying personal viewpoints. J. I. W.
LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. Book Production Com-
mittee. Interim report. London, Lib. Assn.,
1913- 32 p. O.
This preliminary report, from a committee
which has been at work for several years past,
is published at this time to gain for the recom-
mendations proposed further criticism, sugges-
tion and support. The committee was estab-
lished "as an advisory body to deal with every-
thing connected with the production of books
from a bibliographical and technical point of
view." It resolved itself for work into sub-
committees as follows: Paper, Messrs. H. T.
Coutts, W. Powell, E. W. Hulme and R. W.
Sindall; printing and illustrations, Messrs. C.
J. Davenport, C. T. Jacobi, C. T. Pollard and
Emery Walker; sewing and publishers' bind-
ing, Messrs. D. Cockerell, C. J. Davenport, E.
W. Hulme and G. A. Stephen. The other
members of the main committee are H. R.
Tedder, L. C. Wharton and A. J. Philip.
Already improvements in publishers' books
can be noted, says the report, some at the di-
rect suggestion of the committee. The pur-
pose of this report is to draw up the commit-
tee's consensus of what are the best methods
and materials commonly used in commercial
bookmaking. The report, practically entire,
will be reprinted shortly in the Publishers'
Weekly, which precludes the necessity of ex-
tended summary of its contents here.
Some of the bibliographical requirements of
a good book seem obvious, but few books ob-
serve them all. Particularly important because
often disregarded are those calling for dates
of previous editions, if any, indication of "The
End" of a work, and proper headlines.
Heavily coated papers are, as might have
been expected, condemned; so, also, by impli-
cation, are India papers, for public library use.
Good machine sewing is given preference over
hand sewing. Where possible, publication of
all illustrations on segregated forms in the
back of the volume is advised. This last rule
may rouse question.
Mechanically, as was to be expected, this
report itself is, in paper and typography, an
example of excellent bookmaking. F. R.
THE following members have been added
to the staff of the Gary Public Library: Miss
Dorothy Letherman, formerly an assistant in
the Valparaiso Public Library, general assist-
ant; Miss Ida Mendenhall, Gary, librarian's
assistant; Miss Dena Szold, Gary, temporary
assistant. Miss Aidah Taylor has assumed the
duties of Miss Gibson.
THE following appointments have been made
recently to the staff of the Purdue University
Library in Lafayette, Ind. : Miss Mary Mc-
Mahon, Lafayette, graduate of Purdue Uni-
versity, 1913, assistant to the cataloger; Mrs.
C. P. Matthews, assistant in charge of serial
accessions; Miss Nina Waldron, librarian's
secretary. Miss A. Eugenie Vater, Lafayette,
is taking an apprentice course.
RECENT appointments to the library staff at
Columbia University, New York City, are :
Miss Isabel Monro, B. S., assistant in the se-
rial department; Miss Katherine M. Chris-
topher, A. B., reference assistant in the period-
ical reading room; Miss Bessie B. Scripture,
A.B., reference assistant in the general read-
ing room ; Miss Florence Wilson, acting libra-
rian of the natural science libraries ; Miss Do-
ris E. Wilbur, B.S., cataloger; Miss Florence
H. Davis, A.B., cataloger; Miss Margaret C.
Meagher, cataloger.
IN the New York Public Library the follow-
ing changes in the personnel of the staff have
been made : In the main building Miss L. K.
142
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[February, 1914
Keller has been appointed assistant in the Li-
brary for the Blind, Miss Marguerite DuBois
in the accessions division, and Miss Olga Froe-
lich in the filing division of the reference de-
partment. Appointments to positions in the
branches are : Miss E. E. C. Lindeberg to Chat-
ham Square, Miss F. E. Wheelock to Webster,
Miss E. Duncan to i2$th Street, and Miss F. M.
Dean to Tremont. Miss G. A. Reed was trans-
ferred to the Central Circulation room from
Webster branch, and Miss E A. McAward
from I25th Street branch to the new Melrose
branch. Resignations have been accepted from
Mrs. M. A. Metzner of the central registration
office and Miss A. H. Wright of Bloomingdale.
BARNES, Mrs. Lillian, has been appointed li-
brarian of the Remington (Ind.) Public Li-
brary in place of Louise Hartman, who is con-
tinuing her work at Earlham College.
BLEECKER, Louise O., who has been assist-
ant librarian in the Madison (N. J.) Public
Library for two years, has resigned to become
chief of the cataloging department of the
Public Library of Elizabeth, N. J. Miss
Bleecker is a graduate of the Pratt Institute
School of Library Science, and had five years'
experience in the public library of Newark
previous to her library course. While in Madi-
son she had full charge of the cataloging.
CALDWELL, Belle, who is librarian in Charles
City, Iowa, has received a leave of absence
of four months which will be spent in New
Ycrk City.
CARNEGIE, Miss Elza K., N. Y. State Library
School, 'io-'ii, has been made librarian in
charge of the Wylie Avenue branch of the
Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh.
CLARK, Maude, for five years first assistant
in the Marshalltown (Iowa) Public Library,
has resigned her position and has married
Charles Hollingsworth.
CROSS, Marie, has been appointed assistant
librarian in the Wabash (Ind.) Public Li-
brary.
DICK, Miss Margaret S., N. Y. State Li-
brary School, 'i 2-' 13, has resigned her posi-
tion in the circulation department of the De-
troit Public Library to accept a position in the
library of the Kansas State Normal College,
Emporia.
DOWNEY, Elilia, who was at one time assist-
ant librarian in the Muncie (Ind.) Public Li-
brary, and has recently been employed by the
W. K. Stewart Co., of Indianapolis, has re-
signed the latter position to become librarian
of the public library at Piqua, Ohio.
Du Bois, Isabel, Drexel, 1911, has resigned
her position as branch librarian at Fort Wayne
Ind., to accept the position of children's libra-
rian at Poughkeepsie, New York.
ELIOT, Miss Ruth F., B.L.S., N. Y. State
Library School, '11, has been appointed as-
sistant to the chief of the book selection and
study club department of the Wisconsin Free
Library Commission.
EMERSON, Prof. Samuel Franklin, of the
University of Vermont, has been appointed
chairman of the Vermont Free Public Library
Commission to complete the unexpired term of
Dr. Guy Potter Benton, resigned.
FIELDS, Maude, has been appointed librarian
of the Gas City Public Libraiy.
FISHER, Grace, librarian of the ToUeston
branch of the Gary Public Library, has been
granted a leave of absence on account of ill-
health.
FURNAS, Marcia, has been appointed assist-
ant cataloger in the Indiana State Library.
Miss Furnas is a graduate of Earlham College
and has taken some graduate courses at Bryn
Mawr. She was a member of the 1911 class
of the Public Library Commission Summer
School for Librarians.
GIBSON, Anna, formerly an assistant in the
public library at Gary, Ind., has taken a posi-
tion in the children's department of the Cleve-
land (Ohio) Public Library.
GORTON, Helen D., formerly librarian of the
public library in Oskaloosa. Iowa, has been
appointed librarian of the Plymouth (Ind.)
Public Library. Miss Gorton is a graduate
of the University of Wisconsin Library School.
HAGERMAN, Freda, is taking the place of
Lillian Kaufman, assistant librarian of the
Waverly (Iowa) Public Library. Miss Kauf-
man has recently gone to Florida.
HAMLIN, John H., librarian of the Reno,
Nev., Free Public Library since its establish-
ment ten years ago, resigned Jan. i to take
a position in a San Francisco publishing house.
Ernest Damon, assistant librarian, will be in
charge of the library until the board of direc-
tors name his successor.
HARRISON, Joseph LeRoy, formerly librarian
of the Providence (R. I.) Athenaeum, has had
republished in pamphlet form two articles
which originally appeared in the New England
Magazine, and which give a history of the
Athenaeum from 1753 to 1911.
February, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
HENLEY, Lillian, formerly assistant refer-
ence librarian in the Indiana State Library,
has assumed her duties as bibliographer in the
bureau of legislative and administrative infor-
mation, after a year abroad.
HILL, Fanny W., who has spent three months
cataloging the public library in Union City,
Ind., will return to the Library School of the
University of Illinois for the spring semester.
HOWE, Winifred E., has been appointed
editor of publications in the New York Public
Library beginning Jan. i. Up to that time she
was connected with the Metropolitan Museum
of Art, where she had been doing editorial
work on the Bulletin of that institution. She
is the author of a history of the Metropolitan
Museum of Art which was published last year.
Some time before her connection with the
Metropolitan Museum, she was engaged in
library work.
HUME, Jessie Fremont, of the Queens Bor-
ough (New York) Public Library, has been
elected to fill the place on the New York Li-
brary Club Council made vacant by Dr. John-
ston's resignation.
IMHOFF, Miss Ono M., N. Y. State Library
School, '98, has gone to Washington to take a
position as librarian with the International
Health Commission.
JOHNSTON, Myrtle, has been appointed sec-
ond assistant in the Fargo (N. D.) Public
Library.
LAMPE, Lilli, a graduate of Pratt Institute
Library School in 1911, has been appointed
first assistant of the public library in Bergen,
Norway. Miss Lampe has been employed at
the library since October, 1911.
MAcCuRDY, Jessie C, has been appointed as-
sistant in the Madison (N. J.) Public Library
in place of Miss Louise Bleecker, resigned.
Miss MacCurdy has spent two years in study
in Europe, and has had library experience in
Toronto.
McDERMOTT, Mary, who has been an assist-
ant in the children's department of the In-
dianapolis Public Library, was married recent-
ly to Richard Graham.
McNiTT, Esther U., of Logansport, Ind., be-
gan work Dec. i in the department of history
and archives of the Indiana State Library.
Miss McNitt is a graduate of Vassar College
and was formerly connected with the depart-
ment of history in the University of Wiscon-
sin.
MCCAINE, Helen J., who has just retired
from the librarianship of the St. Paul Pub-
lic Library, held that position for forty years.
Concerning Mrs. McCaine's service the library
board has issued this statement : "Mrs. Helen
J. McCaine has a record of honorable public
service almost unique in St. Paul. Coming
here from New Hampshire in 1874, she brought
with her a public library tradition which drew
her into immediate relations with the St. Paul
Library Association, and soon she took charge
of its small collection of books, which six or
seven years later became the nucleus of the
St. Paul public library. Under her adminis-
tration that list has grown from 5000 volumes
to 150,000 volumes, and the annual circulation
has increased from 20,000 to nearly 500,000.
Under her administration the organization of
the library staff has been constantly developed
in the interests of efficiency and the service
has been improved and enlarged along most
approved lines. The modern finding lists, now
clearly completed, will make the contents of
the library available for the use of all the peo-
ple. It is due chiefly to her efforts that her
successor will be in a position to take full ad-
vantage of the great opportunities which will
follow the establishment of the library. Dur-
ing her long tenure of office, Mrs. McCaine's
relations with this board, with the library staff
and with the public have been most pleasant."
MALONEY, Miss Mary, has been appointed
assistant in the Free Public Library at Louis-
ville, Ky., in place of Miss Sadie Doyle, re-
signed.
MARSHALL, Cecil, has been appointed libra-
rian of the Converse (Ind.) Public Library in
place of Miss Charline Carmock.
MILLIGAN, Flora, librarian of the public li-
brary of Tipton, Iowa, is enjoying a four
months' leave of absence. Her place is being
filled bv Helen Schriver, a former assistant.
NASON, Sabra L., of Fairmont, Minn., has
been appointed librarian of the Umatilla
county library in Oregon, in place of Miss
Lotta Fleek, resigned.
NICHOLS, Irene M., has resigned her posi-
tion as librarian of the Seymour Public Li-
brary at Ansonia, Conn. She will be succeed-
ed by Edith Levering, who has taken a course
of training in the Springfield (Mass.) Pub-
lic Library.
O'SULLIVAN, Josie, has been appointed libra-
rian of the Benicia (Cal.) Public Library, in
place of Neil Scannell.
144
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[February, 1914
PARSONS, Mary P., has been appointed
an assistant in the reference department of the
New York Public Library beginning Dec. 17.
She is a graduate of Smith College, B.A.
1908, and of the N. Y. State Library School
1913; student assistant Smith College library;
librarian Mt. Hermon (Mass.) school library
1909-11 ; assistant Bay City Public Library,
summer 1911-12; assistant N. Y. State Library
October, 1912 to December 15, 1913.
PERRIN, John William, librarian of Case Li-
brary, Cleveland, Ohio, has recently published
a "History of the Cleveland sinking fund of
1862," which was established as the basis of a
fund for the redemption of the principal of
the water works bonded indebtedness.
PHELPS, Anna R., whose work as library
organizer for New York state was cut short
last October by the failure of the legislature
to appropriate money for her salary, has been
restored to her position and will go on with
the work.
PRICE, Vera, who has been assistant librarian
of the Alliance branch of the Cleveland, O.,
Public Library, has been appointed librarian
at Bucyrus, O. Miss Price graduated from
.the Western Reserve University Library
School in 1909. Since her graduation she has
been librarian at Greensville, Miss., and has
been two years in the Cleveland Public Li-
brary.
RAUCH, Louise, who was assistant librarian
of the Logansport (Ind.) Public Library for
nine years, was married Oct. 25 to B. E. Jones
of the Conservation Department of Geological
Survey. She has been succeeded by Miss Edna
Walters of Logansport.
RIGLING, Alfred, has been for thirty years
the librarian of the Franklin Institute in Phil-
adelphia. In the January number of the Jour-
nal of the Institute is reprinted the following
resolution, which was adopted by the board of
managers in appreciation of his service:
"The board of managers takes this occasion
to express its unqualified approbation of the
zealous and efficient service rendered to the
Institute by its librarian, Alfred Rigling, and
those of its present members whose collabora-
tion in the activities of the Institute extends
back to the earlier years of Alfred Rigling's
time take this occasion to add in their own
behalf, and as voicing the sentiments of col-
leagues now passed away, a note of high ap-
preciation of the faithful devotion to duty ex-
emplified by Alfred Rigling in his work as li-
brarian of the Institute throughout all this
course of years."
SANBORN, Henry N., N. Y. State Library
School, '13, has resigned the librarianship of
the University Club of Chicago, to succeed
Carl H. Milam as secretary of the Indiana
Public Library Commission, Indianapolis.
SAXTON, Elsie, librarian of the DeWitt
(Iowa) Public Library, is spending the win-
ter in Florida with her parents. Miss Har-
riet McQuistion is serving as librarian during
her absence.
SHEPPARD, Sara, the librarian at Corning,
Iowa, has been given a year's leave of absence.
Miss Idelle Riddile, assistant librarian, is in
charge of the library.
SMITH, Robert L., of the Brooklyn Public
Library, has been elected treasurer of the New
York Library Club, in place of H. O. Well-
man, resigned.
SPENCE, Zella, has been appointed an assistant
in the children's department of the Indiana-
polis Public Library.
STEVENSON, William M., died Jan. u after a
short illness with pleuro-pneumonia. Mr.
Stevenson was for some years in charge of
the library at Allegheny, Pa. He spent some
time in Germany pursuing special studies, and
on his return to this country was sociological
librarian in the Brooklyn Public Library. He
retired from this post a year ago, and at the
time of his death was making plans to return
to Germany.
SWOPE, Edna, who has been librarian of the
Seymour (Ind.) Public Library has resigned,
and Katherine Frazee, of Arcadia, has been
appointed in her place.
TILLMAN, Mrs. Bessie King, formerly libra-
rian at Rensselaer, Ind., was killed in a street
accident in Hammond recently.
WELLMAN, Harold O., for the past four
years assistant to the chief of the circulation
department of the New York Public Library,
resigned Jan. 10 to accept a secretarial position
in the Boston Chamber of Commerce.
WHITE, Daniel G., aged 74, for more than
20 years librarian of the public library in West
Springfield, Mass., died Dec. 27, of pneumonia.
He was born in West Springfield, and after
attending the public schools engaged in farm-
ing. In 1891 he was chosen librarian of the
public library, which was then in a small room
in the rear of the High School. Mr. White
was instrumental in providing the public li-
brary which the town now enjoys.
THE LIBRARY WORLD
The Bulletin de I' Association des Bibliothe-
caires Francis for November-December 1913,
contains an article by Charles Sustrac entitled
"Impressions d'Amerique: 'Public Libra-
ries.' " It is a piquant lively account of a hur-
ried visit to a dozen, chiefly public, libraries in
Boston, Chicago, Pittsburgh, Washington,
Philadelphia and New York. The article min-
isters abundantly to American complacency in
its praise and comments.
New England
VERMONT
There are still 56 towns in Vermont with-
out free public libraries. In an effort to de-
crease this number the Vermont State Library
Commission is sending out a circular letter
making suggestions regarding the insertion of
proper articles in the warrants for the annual
town meetings, relative to establishing libra-
ries.
Barnard. The library has received over 200
volumes from an old resident.
Chelsea. The library has received a gift of
539 volumes from Mr. Hilas E. Roberts of
Boston. This makes a total of about 9500
from Mr. Roberts, who has also given one
steel stack and has offered to meet the expense
of such other stacks or other changes as may
be needed.
Essex Junction. The library has been moved
into two rooms on the ground floor of the
old hotel. The rooms have been thoroughly
renovated, and are very attractive.
Johnson. In this village of about 600, the
population of the entire township being about
1600, some twenty of the ladies organized a
woman's club fifteen years ago. Its purpose
was for literary benefit and to promote socia-
bility, and also to work for the town library,
there being one of a few hundred books, kept
in a private house. To-d^y the books, which
now number fifteen hundred or more, are
housed in a good brick building, the contract
for which was let at five thousand dollars, and
it is paid for to within the last hundred dollars.
A townsman gave the location, and a few
solicited subscriptions helped out, but the club
has for the most part earned the money.
South Royalton. The branch library will be
cpen for two hours every Tuesday afternoon
for the benefit of the school children, the
school paying the extra expense.
MASSACHUSETTS
Ashfield. The Belding Memorial Library,
which is on the road to completion, will be a
handsome structure. It is built of marble
from the St. Lawrence quarries at Gouver-
neur, N. Y., is of classical design and of fire-
proof construction. It will contain a reference
room, reading room, and stack room with a
capacity for 15,000 volumes. The building is
53 feet long by 41 feet deep. It is situated on
a lot formerly occupied by the Gardner house
toward the west end of Main street. It is
probable that the building will cost about $30,-
ooo.
Boston. The old Faneuil Congregational
Chapel on Brooks street, Faneuil, is to be con-
verted into a branch of the Boston Publrc
Library. It will cost about $1500 to make the
changes necessary for the establishment of the
branch.
Boston. The State Library trustees have
recommended the following legislation : Ap-
propriation to purchase the statute laws and
legislative records of other States and coun-
ties necessary to fill the gaps in the library's
collection ; the repair and preservation of cer-
tain rare and valuable books, notably the early
session laws of Massachusetts and Rhode
Island.
Cohasset. The public library is to receive
$5000, according to the will of the late Horace
W. Wadleigh, of Boston.
Dedham. By the will of Edward A. Penni-
man, who died in Switzerland last July, the
Public Library of Dedham receives the sum of
$5000.
East Boston. The exterior of the new Pub-
lic Library Building on Meridian street is prac-
tically completed, and the work on the interior
is rapidly progressing. Within a few months
it is expected that the building will be ready
for the formal opening.
Fall River. A steel floor is to be installed
in the reading room of the Public Library so
as to afford an additional second-story room.
The present reading room, under the change,
will have a height of 21 feet, and the sec-
ond-story room will have a height of 19 feet.
The trustees contemplate providing at this
146
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[February, 1914
time only for the lower room. When the al-
terations are completed, necessary repairs such
as plastering and painting will be made in this
room and it will continue to be used as a
reading room. It has not been determined to
just what purpose the new room on the sec-
ond floor will be put. This room will be left
in an unfinished state until additional funds
are available next year.
Lenox. By the will of Dr. Richard C. Green-
leaf, late of Lenox, the Lenox Library Asso-
ciation has received a bequest of $2,500.
Somerset. Hood P. L. Frances Rogers, Ibn.
(Rpt. — 1913.) Accessions 138. New registra-
tion 70 ; total circulation for year 7274 ; maxi-
mum monthly circulation 797 ; minimum 270 ;
average monthly circulation 606; books deliv-
ered to Pottersville exchange during year
1294; maximum monthly circulation 141 ; min-
imum 38.
WakeHeld P. L. H. Gertrude Lee, Jbn. (Rpt.
— yr ending Dec. 31, 1913.) Accessions 781 ; to-
tal number volumes in library 18,678. Circu-
lation 54,728. Income $2809.34, of which
$531.18 was spent for books.
Waltham. Action has been taken by the City
Hall Commission and the members of the city
government approving the Central House lot
as a site for a new library. The city will issue
bonds to prdvide the necessary funds for the
library.
West Roxbury. A petition has been sent to
the mayor asking for the establishment of a
branch library on Hyde Park avenue.
Worcester. The valuable medical library of
the late Dr. John Green, the famous oculist,
who died in St. Louis in December, has been
bequeathed to the Worcester District Medi-
cal Society. Dr. Green was a native of Wor-
cester and was a brother of Samuel S. Green,
librarian emeritus of the Public Library.
CONNECTICUT
Bridgeport. The Board of Library Com-
missioners has filed the following requisition
to cover the needs of the Bridgeport Public
Library during the coming fiscal year: Books
$5500 ; binding $2000 ; periodicals and newspa-
pers, $1400; fuel, $900; light and power, $2000;
salaries $10,500; library supplies $1000; print-
ing, etc. $900; insurance on books, etc. $500;
furniture repairs and general expenses, $3175 ;
total, $27,875. The directors recommended
that the usual one-quarter mill tax for the
"Library Fund" be laid to raise said amount,
as required by law.
Bristol. At the last meeting of the board
of directors of the public library Charles L.
Wooding, the librarian, submitted figures to
show that the circulation of books in the li-
brary during 1913 was about 90,000, which is
fully 7000 more than during 1912.
Hartford. The State Library has received
a valuable manuscript, containing the payroll
of Lieutenant-Colonel Gray's company of the
Sixth Connecticut Regiment, dated March,
1780. It is the gift of Governor Simeon E.
Baldwin, and was inherited by him from his
father and grandfather. The records number
about 125 pages.
Hartford. The State Library has received
from Senator Isaac A. Brooks of Torring-
ton, a collection of manuscripts from the es-
tate of Lewis M. Norton of Goshen, among
which are notes of the original layouts of rail-
roads in this state and in New York, which
were built or proposed in 1836.
Hartford. Watkinson Ref. L. Frank B.
Gay, Ibn. (soth annual rpt. — 1913.) Acces-
sions 1469 volumes and 554 pamphlets. Total
number volumes in library 85,408.
"One of the most insistent and persistent
demands on the library is for works on local
history, for the purposes of family history and
genealogy. It has long been our policy to
leave to the Connecticut Historical Society this
subject so far as it embraces America. But
the records of the fathers in 'our old home,'
the Watkinson tries to supply. The histories
of the English towns, shires, and parishes
are legion, and usually costly. In the last
few years a great number of parish registers
have been published, usually in very small
editions; and now the searchers are demand-
ing these scarce books to get births, mar-
riages, etc., and the old shire history is K--
called for. A new demand has also arisen in
the last year or two for Irish local and family
history. The early immigrants from that dis-
tressed land settled generally in lower New
England, and near Boston and New York. So
many of them have now the wealth and posi-
tion of settled families that they are coming
for information on their old home and pa-
rentage. The Watkinson had the standard
histories of Ireland, but little on the towns
and parishes, while O'Hart's 'Irish pedigrees'
and a half dozen cognate works comprise our
family history. Last spring in New York was
sold the Richardson library, the largest col-
lection of books relating to Ireland ever auc
tinned in this country. We took advantage of
this, which with a considerable order to our
February, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
147
London agents has filled several shelves with
this material, most of which is scarce."
Hasardville. At the annual meeting of the
directors of the Enfield Public Library no
appropriation was voted to pay for trans-
porting the library books from Hazardville
to Thotnpsonville once a week, during the
coming year. E. C. Allen has transported the
books for $40 a year and will continue to do
so for a time free of charge. The action of
the library directors was a great surprise to
the people here.
South Manchester. The South Manchester
Library, which has been discontinued since
October 23, the day of the school fire, was re-
opened Dec. 29, The Eldridge house on Main
street has been leased for a library and has
been remodeled to conform with the require-
ments of a library. About 1200 books were
lost in the children's department, but they will
be replaced in a few weeks.
Thompsonville. Work on the new Carnegie
library building at Pearl and Franklin streets
has been practically completed and it will be
only a few weeks before the building will be
ready for occupancy. The library has been
built through an appropriation of $20,000 do-
nated by Andrew Carnegie with the provision
that the town annually appropriate one-tenth
that sum for maintenance and supplies. De-
spite the fact that the library is nearly com-
pleted no action has yet been taken to arrange
for dedication exercises.
Windsor. The twenty-fifth anniversary of
the founding of the Windsor Public Library
Association was celebrated in the town hall
Dec. 17. Professor William Lyon Phelps, of
Yale University, made an address on "Culture
and happiness," and Rev. Dr. F. W. Harriman,
president of the library association, gave a
short address on the history of the association.
Middle Atlantic
NEW YORK
The work of the Extension Division
has been greatly hampered this winter by
the reduction in the state library appropriation.
Besides cutting down the allotments for the
libraries of the state by $10,000, and reducing
the appropriation for books for traveling li-
braries from $6000 to $1000, the salaries of
two library organizers were cut out altogether.
Belated action was taken by the legislature in
December in the form of a supplementary
finance bill which has been signed by the pres-
ent governor. It will enable the Extension
Division to go on with its work, and both of
the organizers have been reinstated.
Albany. The New York State Library asks
the assistance of libraries in all parts of the
state in replacing and strengthening its collec-
tion of local history. Many libraries will be
in a position to help by sending their dupli-
cates or by putting the State Library in touch
with owners of material which throws light
on some phase, no matter how minute, of the
history of the state — industrial, military, eccle-
siastical, etc., or of some locality. Especially
at this time the library will welcome assistance
in building up its collections of directories and
local newspapers, particularly those printed be-
fore 1850.
Brooklyn. It has been recommended by the
Finance Committee of the Brooklyn Public
Library to the Board of Trustees that applica-
tion be made to the Board of Estimate and
Apportionment for a sufficient appropriation
for the maintenance of the two new Carnegie
branch libraries, now in process of construc-
tion, which it is expected will be completed by
July i next. One of these, the Eastern Park-
way branch, at Eastern Parkway and Schenec-
tady avenue, will have ten assistants on its
staff of workers, and the other, the Browns-
ville Children's Library, at Stone and Du-
mont avenues, will have eight assistants. The
Administration Committee has reported ad-
versely on the request for the establishment
of a regular station of the library at the Bush
Terminal, in South Brooklyn. The circulation
of library books in that locality, it was as-
serted, does not justify the establishment there
of a regular station.
Cortland. Hiram J. Messenger, actuary of
the Travellers' Insurance Co., Of Hartford,
Ct., has bequeathed all his books and pam-
phlets to the Franklin Harth Library, of this
town.
Falconer. The lot at the southeast corner
of North Work and James streets has been
secured by the library committee, and the
building which was recently purchased for li-
brary purposes will be removed to this lot
some time in the near future.
Jamaica. The Board of Trustees of the
Queens Borough Public Library have been in-
formed that after May I next $3300 rent in-
stead of $2500 will be charged for the building-
at 402 Fulton street, Jamaica, in which are
housed the administrative offices of the
'Queens Borough Public Library and the Ja-
maica Branch Library, and where also the
trustees themselves meet. Should the board
148
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[February, 1914
decide to withdraw from the building they are
to restore it to its original
.ty. One hundred librarians of
rj have formed a branch of the
Women's Political Union na Burns,
who has charge of the circulation room in the
has been elected chairman.
• York City. Garence W. Bo wen, presi-
dent of the New York Genealogical and Bio-
graphical Society, of 226 West Fifty-eighth
street, announces that $65,000 has been con-
tributed as a building fund, and that steps
'•e taken immediately to select a site and
to erect a building. Several pledges, includ-
ing one of IKVOOO by the late J. Pierpont
Morgan, were contingent upon the raising of
New York City. General Theological Sem-
inary L. EM ward Harmon Virgin, Ibn. .(Rpt.
— yr. ending Apr. 30, 1913.) Accessions 1965;
total number volumes in library 55,525. There
were 6982 readers in the library, and 6596
loans lor day or evening work. Expenditures
for books, manuscripts, and binding $4181.84.
( Money paid for salaries, cataloging, and care-
taking comes from the general funds of the
institution and is not included in this report.]
The library has received during the year
three more manuscripts of the Gospels. Of
these, one is a Greek manuscript of the Gos-
pels on vellum, written in the tenth century,
and another is a Lectionary of the Gospels on
paper, probably written in the fifteenth cen-
tury. These manuscripts were originally pro-
m Canea. Crete, by the Rev. George
an early missionary of the American
and a graduate of the seminary in
1836. From him they descended to his son,
the Rev. A. A. Benton, G. T. S. 1860, and
have come to the seminary through his son,
Rev. W. L H. Benton, G. T. S. 1894. They
are to be called the Benton manuscripts. The
manuscript is a Greek cursive manu-
«crip< of the tenth century, which was acquired
York ir." the large sculpture
ition by George Grey Barnard, cover-
•he facade of the north pediment of the
Public Library, has been disclosed to the pub-
A reclining figure of a Crusader in ar-
mor rests upon the Book of Life, while on his
: »- the figure of Christ. On the other
* a figure representing History, writing
Mr. Barnard's group represent-
ing "The .ering the facade of the
south pediment, \vill not be completed for sev-
eral months. There will be two figures in it,
one representing Painting and the other Sculp-
ture.
New York City. The new Melrose branch,
erected at a cost of $100,000 to the Carnegie
Fund, at Morris avenue and i62d street, The
Bronx, was opened Jan. 16 for public inspection
and use. The building is one of the largest
branches of the library and opens with 12,000
books on its shelves. Mrs. I. L. Molnar, for-
merly librarian of the o6th Street branch, is in
charge of the new branch.
Rochester. An appropriation of $60,000 for
the maintenance of distributing centers and
the opening of three additional branches at a
of $8000 each is recommended for 1914
by City Librarian William F. Yust in his
December report
Rush. A library will soon be opened to the
l»ul)lic in a large room over N. S. Sherman's
general store.
NEW JERSEY
Gov. Fielder has not reappointed H. C.
Buchanan as state librarian, but has replaced
him with John P. Dullard. It is stated in the
New Jersey press that the place was given to
southern New Jersey Democrats as a "plum,"
and Mr. Dullard's name was presented to the
governor as one who had done good party
service.
The 232 libraries of the state circulated
about 8,000,000 books during the past year, ac-
cording to the fourteenth annual report of the
Public Library Commission of New Jersey,
which has just been submitted to the gov-
ernor. The commission reports that there
never has been so general and widespread in-
terest in library affairs among the people as
seems to prevail throughout the state at the
present time. Forty-eight requests for travel-
ing libraries have had to be refused because
the supply was exhausted. There are still 825
communities in the state without library fa-
cilities.
Asbury Park. The Asbury Park Library
Board has received assurance that Andrew
Carnegie will contribute $40,000 for a public
library at Asbury Park, provided the city will
furnish a site and maintain the library.
Bayonne P. L. (Rpt_IOI3.) Accessions
5509; total number volumes in library 36,306.
irculation 214,477. Number of borrowers
12,862. Income $19,248.31; balance on hand
$3144-06.
February, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
149
The library has four branches in schools,
and stations in one playground, one manufac-
ing plant/and in every fire house. The report
showed that the technical part of the library
was well patronized, which was very gratify-
ing to the trustees, as technical books in the
library have been bought with the idea of cater-
ing to the men engaged in the mechanical and
kindred trades in Bayonne. In 1912 the trus-
tees returned to the city $1337-58, which was
used to take up library bonds.
Eatontozvn. The Free Public Library has
just been reorganized, and is now open to the
public.
Elisabeth P. L. Charles A. George, Ibn.
(Rpt.— 1913.) Accessions 4563; total number
volumes in libraries 37,118. Circulation 194,-
438, an increase of 23,190 over 1912. Total
registration 10,365.
Hoboken. The West Hoboken Free Public
Library Board has decided to place books in
the police station and firehouses for the use
of the men on duty there.
Midland Park. A free public library has
been opened in ah unoccupied class room of
the school house.
Newark. The business branch of the Free
Public Library has been moved to the new
building at 15 Beaver street. The new quar-
ters were especially constructed for the pur-
poses of the library, and have ample means of
light and ventilation. The building is two
stories in height and is constructed of stone
and brick. The first floor is given up to maps,
directories, trade guides and, in fact, every-
thing pertaining to business. The second floor
is devoted to the distribution of books of fic-
tion and the reading room, where will be
found the latest periodicals. Owing to the in-
creased facilities, Miss Sara B. Ball, branch
librarian, announces that the work of supply-
ing general information will be broadened.
Princeton. In response to a request from
George Dobbin Brown, the reference librarian
of Princeton University, President Woodrow
Wilson has presented to the University Li-
brary the original copy of his inaugural ad-
dress. This document, with two letters from
the President, has been placed in the exhibi-
tion room of the library. Near by is the orig-
inal autographed copy of the inaugural ad-
dress of James Madison, the other Princeton
graduate who has occupied the presidential
chair. President Wilson in his letters on ex-
hibition with the inaugural, explains that the
original draft of the document was composed
in the Princeton University Library shortly
before he was inaugurated. He composed his
address in shorthand, at which he is adept.
The notes he is unable to find among his pa-
pers. From them he personally transcribed
on his own typewriter the document he has
now presented to the library. President Wil-
son says in the other letter that at his inaug-
uration he read from printed slips.
Totowa. Some time ago a library was
started among the members of the Epworth
League of the Totowa Methodist Episcopal
Church, .and books were contributed by a
number of people in the borough. The library
is now located in the church, and steps are
being taken to turn it over to the borough
authorities as a free public library.
Trenton. Through the generosity of John
Lambert Cadwalader, of New York City, but
who has large interests in Trenton, this city
is to have a $50,000 addition to its Free Public
Library. The addition will be erected in the
rear of the present building, and will extend
a depth of 35 feet with the full 50 feet width,
similar to the old building. A considerable
portion of the first floor and basement in the
extension will be occupied with a new book-
stack, which will accommodate 100,000 vol-
umes. The present stack has a capacity of
50,000 volumes and is overcrowded. The de-
sign is to place the children's department in
the basement (westerly side), which will be
opened up with numerous windows. A sep-
arate entrance from the street will be provided
for the children. The present children's room
will be joined with the existing magazine and
periodical department, which has long been
inadequate for its purpose. The present loan
desk has also been long overcrowded. With
the Cadwalader extension, it will run the en-
tire depth of the building, and this will en-
able the trustees to devote a large space to
open book shelving. Another valuable im-
provement will be the opening up of the roof
immediately over the section of the second
story now devoted to the Trentonian's collec-
tion, and the construction overhead of a well-
lighted dome. At present this department is
very poorly lighted. Assurance is given that
the new work will be carried on so as to
cause little or no interruption to the regular
operation of the library business. The orig-
inal library building was designed by Spencer
Roberts, a Philadelphia architect, and cost
about $100,000. The building is about thirteen
years old.
THE UBRARY JOURNAL
[February, 1914
PENNSYLVANIA
rt9*tjtrn*M Slot* L. Thomas Lynch Mont-
gomery, fcn. (Rpt.-yr. ending Dec. i. 1912.)
Accessions 14601, including 778 volumes and
50 pamphlets of Pennsylvania. Receipts $22,-
xpenditures $30*427.13; balance on
The inadequacy of the present building for
the work it does is marked. While there is
a great deal of waste space impossible to util-
t<r, the museum and the legislative reference
bureau fill their quarters to overflowing, and
the Free Library Commission has to conduct
it* work in the cellar, which is uncomfortably
damp during certain portions of the year.
More than all this, the building is not fire-
proof. The library is closed Saturday after-
noons, and on all Sundays and holidays, and
the librarian recommends that it should be
open on these days. The Free Library Corn-
rotation has distributed 18,435 books to 329 ru-
ral centres, in addition to those sent out to
»tudy clubs from the shelves of the State Li-
brary. The collection of lantern slides now
numbers 13*448. 1687 having been added dur-
ing 1012, and the circulation for the year was
The Index to the Sixth series of Penn-
ita archives was completed in five vol-
Plans are being prepared for a
one-story brick library building.
Horrubttrg Dauphin County Law L. David
* Young. Ibn. (Rpt.— 1913.) Accessions 264 ;
total number volumes in library 6353.
t'Modtlpkia. The Stewart Memorial Li-
brary has been formally presented to the
Northwestern General Hospital by Miss Mary
Stewart, the sister of Dr. John Stewart,
who died in the hospital a year ago.
I'hiladflphia. Plans are now being drawn
the new Carnegie Library which, as a
Kh of the Free Library of Philadelphia, is
ke erected on South Forty-ninth street. The
•'. for obtaining the library is due to the
• ninth Street Business Men's Association
which has worked hard for the project ever
•race the subject of a library for that part of
':/ was first broached.
Ground has been broken at
•rner of Seventieth street and
Woodland avenue preparatory to laying the
foundation for the Ssoyooo Paschalville branch,
uladelphia Free Library. It will be a Car-
iry, as the funds are being supplied
by the Carnegie Corporation. The build-
ing was designed by H. C Richards, chief
draughtsman for the Board of Public Edu-
cation. The building will be 126x45 feet,
It will be one story in height, and have a high
ccilinged basement. The main floor will be di-
.1 into a general reading room, a reference
room and a children's room, which, by being
shut off, may be converted into a lecture room,
having a seating capacity of 250. This room
will be equipped with a movable platform and
motion picture screen. The basement will be
furnished with a dining room and kitchen.
Ample storeroom space is provided on the first
floor.
Pittsburgh. Architect Henry D. Whitfield
of New York has plans in the making for the
enlargement of Northside Carnegie Library,
which will cost $150,000. The building will be
two stories high on 40 x 160 feet, of stone con-
struction.
Pittsburgh. That the University of Pitts-
burgh is in urgent need of a library building
has been pointed out recently by university of-
ficials. It was disclosed that three valuable
libraries contributed to the university in recent
years still are packed in boxes, inaccessible to
the 3000 students who ought to use them. Gifts
have been made to the library fund, and it is
believed that if a building were put up its
equipment would be donated.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Washington. The Library of Congress has
acquired a collection of some 1500 volumes
v. hich have been privately printed at the ex-
pense of the authors or their friends, and the
assembling of. them represents the labor of
the past forty years. Most of them are rare,
a few are valuable, but the real point of view
they illustrate — apart from their value in the
eyes of all collectors— is the difference that
exists between the standards of those who
write books for love and those who publish
them for gain. The collection has been
brought together by Bertram Dobell, the well-
known London dealer in second-hand books.
MARYLAND
Baltimore. If the suggestions of to-day are
realized in the future the block bounded on
the east by Cathedral street, on the north by
Franklin street, on the west by Park avenue,
and on the south by Mulberry street, will be
transformed into an educational center by the
erection of new buildings for the Enoch Pratt
Free Library, the Maryland Historical Society,
and for a museum. The beginning of this
February, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
151
possible future development is the urgent need
of a new and enlarged Central Enoch Pratt
Free Library, the present building facing Mul-
berry street to become a connected annex.
The trustees of the library building applied
to the Board of Estimates for the sum of
$68,300 to supplement the Pratt annuity of
$50,000 next year. They were allowed $42,300.
Dr. Bernard C. Steiner, the librarian, says of
the library's needs : "It is impossible for us
to accomplish for Baltimore, what is essential
as a service from the library unless we have
a much greater annual appropriation. Not
alone are we in need of a greater annual sum
for maintenance. There yet remains in the
Carnegie Fund over $300,000 for branch build-
ings, which amount we are unable to expend,
because suitable sites have not been procured.
This is the case, although there are certain
sections of the city which most urgently need
such a benefit as a branch library would give
them. Greatest of all is our need of a new
Central Library Building. The present one
was constructed a generation ago, and is
crammed with books, while it does not pos-
sess certain features regarded as important in
modern library buildings. For example, we
have no technological room, no safeguarded
open shelf room, no room for the especial use
of children and young people. We own, on
Cathedral street, opposite the Cathedral, three
of the five dwellings, and it will be possible to
buy the other two, and erect on the site of all
five of them, a suitable addition to the cen-
tral building of a monumental character, for
the sum of $750,000. In this way we could
utilize the present structure, and provide for
the city a suitable and attractive Central Li-
brary Building."
The South
VIRGINIA
Virginia State L. H. R. Mcllwaine, Ibn.
(Rpt. — yr. ending Oct. 31, 1912.) Accessions
4865 books; total number volumes in library
91,882. Number of visitors to library 33,376.
Books used in library 25,713 ; for outside cir-
culation 8033.
During the year the library received two
lots of manuscripts of special interest. The
first, containing about 30,000 pieces, consists of
the correspondence of J. K. Martin, a pension
attorney of Richmond in 1850 and thereafter,
in reference to claims for pensions for services
in the War of 1812. The second lot contains
about 25,000 letters and replies from the firm
of William Allason & Co., who carried on an
extensive business at Falmoulh, Va., from
1760 to 1800. The books of this firm already
belong to the library.
The number of traveling library collections
is now 232—138 being school libraries, 87 be-
ing general libraries, and 7 special libraries.
The total number of volumes owned by the
department is 11,093. A very important law
passed by the General Assembly at its last
session was that providing for the purchase
by the state of one-half of the Ford's Hotel lot*
if at the end of the fiscal year of 1912 a suf-
ficient amount of money ($90,000) should be in
the treasury, and if not, then at the end of
the next fiscal year. The money was not in
the treasury at the end of the fiscal year of
1912, but it was hoped that the purchase might
be made the following year, and that appro-
priation might be made by the next General
Assembly for the erection on the property of
a modern fireproof building for the State Li-
brary and the Supreme Court of Appeals.
Such a new building is much needed.
Richmond. A public utilities committee has
made recommendation that the city purchase
Jeter Memorial Hall, on the Richmond College
campus, for municipal library purposes. The
building and ground would cost about $95,000.
It is not recommended that a central city
library should be permanently established on
this site, on account of its location, but it is
believed that the present building could be
made to serve the purpose of the main library
until a better could be secured. The building
is excellently located for continued use after-
ward as a branch library. If the nucleus of
a public library for Richmond were started
by the purchase of the property in question,
the various educational, civic and patriotic or-
ganizations of the city would undertake to
raise $25,000 by private subscription for the
purchase of books. Richmond is the only city
in the United States having a population of
loo.ooo that is without adequate public library
facilities.
Richmond. Opened on New Year's Day, the
new Arents Free Library, on South Cherry
street, has already begun an important work
and is being well patronized. Few knew that
there was to be such a library, for Miss Grace
Arents, the donor, caused the opening to be in-
formal and notified the patrons of the old St.
Andrew's Library only by notices through the
mail. The building was started two years ago,
and only recently was its construction finished.
It is designed to meet the requirements of
everything that is convenient and up-to-date in
connection with a library. It is an absolutely
152
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[February, 1914
free, circulating library, containing now a lit-
tle more than 6000 volumes, which will be in-
creased in number from time to time, as cir-
cumstances demand. The library has a staff
of five, with Miss Lucille S. Terrell as chief
librarian. The Arents Library is in no sense
expected to take the place of the general pub-
lic library, which should be on a larger scale
ami built to meet a larger need. It is, how-
n to the whole city, and books and
magazines are loaned for periods of one and
'.
NORTH CAROLINA
.IskfvilU. The annual meeting of the
Pack Memorial Library Association was held
Jan. 27, reports being received covering the
past year's work and the following officers
elected for the current year: president, Don-
ald Gillis ; vice-president, S. P. Ravenel ; secre-
tary, Mrs. A. M. Field ; treasurer, D. S. Wat-
son; members executive committee, Charles
French Toms, Mrs. E. B. Glenn.
The report of the treasurer showed that the
income from library property during the year
was $1484, and from the librarian $1189.15, a
total with former balance of $77.11 of $2750.26.
Expenditures included the following items:
s and improvements to building, $133;
lights. $100 ; coal, $234; librarians' salaries,
|8o6; janitor, etc., $438; books, $760.55.
SOUTH CAROLINA
Charleston. The new library building is pro-
gressing rapidly. Most of the work on the
outside has been completed, although the pres-
ent red brick finish is to be covered with
stucco. The exterior cornices, of attractive
design, arc all in place. The stone steps have
been erected and the heavy, broad balustrades
c side are in place. The first room on
>tcring is the general reading room and
boy. The rear of the building will be de-
*ed to the book stacks. They are to be fire-
»f, as is the entire building, and will have
> floors. Specially constructed shelves will
contajn the library's volumes, which will be
accessible through graceful arches. Below is
ii-basement, where there are a number
rooms of varying size. To cither side are
'II be used by the South Caro-
I Society and the trustees of the
>rary. An up-to-date feature to be installed
•'-m of cleaning, the appli-
ances running through the length of the build-
ing.
GEORGIA
Atlanta P / Katharine H. Wootten Ibn.
Accessions 4668; total number
of volumes in library 62,060. Circulation 331,-
987. New registration 8230; total number of
borrowers 51,172. Of the total appropriation
of $28469, $15,657.98 was spent for salaries
and $7925 for books and periodicals.
The library board and the board of health
are cooperating to prevent the spread of con-
tagious disease through the circulation of
books. During the year deposit stations were
opened at the Wesley Settlement house of the
Fulton Bag and Cotton mills, the Stewart ave-
nue house of the Atlanta woolen mills, the
Atlanta Paper Company and several schools.
Demands made for reference books show that
there is an eagerness among readers at the
deposit stations to learn the technical branches
of their occupations. The library has been
given the free use of a building for the Oak-
land City branch, and the Uncle Remus Asso-
ciation has given space in the Uncle Remus
Memorial Building. Plans are being made to
open an Atlanta history room in the main
building.
FLORIDA.
Tampa. After a struggle lasting more than
a decade, Tampa is to have a public library.
In January, 1902, Andrew Carnegie offered
$25,000 for a library to the people of Tampa if
they would provide a site and an annual con-
tribution from the city, 10 per cent, of the
donation, for its maintenance. Because of a
disagreement over the site the offer was not
accepted. In March, 1911, Mr. Carnegie agreed
to double his original offer of $25,000, and the
women of Tampa earnestly but quietly began
to work, and succeeded in arousing popular in-
terest in the library. In 1912 the council voted
against the library, in spite of this popular in-
terest, and a storm of protest arose. An or-
ganization with a membership of over 600 men
and women was formed to work for the li-
brary, and the council, moved by their argu-
ments, has at last reconsidered its action.
ALABAMA
Birmingham. The public library will have
additional space for reference books and a
larger room for children when changes voted
by the city commission are effected. The
space made available for library purposes is
a part of the balcony of armory hall, directly
opposite the circulating department of the li- j
•rary on the fourth floor, and contains some
750 square feet of floor space. This part of i
: balcony will be partitioned off from the
amder of the balcony and will be used as \
a stock room, in which books used only occa- J
sionally will be kept. The reference books '
February, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
153
will be moved into the present large reading
room, which will become both reading and
reference room. The children's department
will be moved into the old reference room.
KENTUCKY
Hopkinsville. Work on the erection of the
$15,000 Carnegie library has been begun. After
the courts decided that the conditions of John
C. Latham's will would not permit the loca-
tion of the library on Peace Park, one of Mr.
Latham's gifts to the city, the Board of Coun-
cil purchased another lot at Eighth and Lib-
erty streets, which was accepted.
TENNESSEE
Franklin. The local chapter, Daughters of
the Confederacy, have begun a movement to
have placed in the public school building a
complete library of southern history.
Nashville. The regular appropriation by the
city for library work has been cut down from
$22,000 to $17,000. Unless the board of com-
missioners reconsiders its action, some impor-
tant work will have to be postponed. How-
ever, the Eastern colored branch was opened
Jan. 28-30, with special exercises for the chil-
dren Jan. 31, and it is hoped a way may be
found to purchase the additional books greatly
needed at other new centers.
-Memphis. The year book of the Goodwyn
Institute for 1913-1914 contains an interesting
description of the free public reference library
which occupies the seventh floor of the Insti-
tute building. Since its opening in January,
1908, the library has gathered together a gen-
eral reference collection of 10,760 volumes and
5650 pamphlets, specializing on technical, in-
dustrial and scientific literature in an endeavor
to "make the library a working laboratory of
practical information for the men who are
making and doing things, especially for those
who are making Memphis." The library has
had cards in the street cars of the city, and
has distributed special lists on advertising,
selling, accountancy, business efficiency, etc., at
meetings of various organizations of business
men, with the result that the use of the library
by business men has largely increased during
the last year.
Central West
OHIO
Cincinnati. The Camera Club of Cincinnati
is planning to give soon a series of free lan-
tern slide exhibitions in the various branch
library buildings.
Cincinnati. Bids have been received for a
new branch library, to be constructed at the
northeast corner of Eighth street and Glen-
way avenue. The building is to cost about
$20,000, exclusive of the ground. The ex-
terior will be of the English style of architec-
ture, with a brick and terra cotta front. The
dimensions of the whole will be 50.2 by 76
feet and of one story. The reading room will
be 40 by 50 feet, with a capacity of about
6000 volumes. This section will not contain a
column. The auditorium will be 24 by 40 feet,
and in addition to these two features there
will be a workroom, rest space, toilets and
boiler room.
East Liverpool. During the past year 23,863
books were circulated from, the public library,
while 57,027 persons used the reading rooms.
The library contains 9477 volumes, exclusive
of periodicals.
Oberlin. It appears that the daily press ac-
counts quoted in the January LIBRARY JOURNAL
concerning acts of vandalism in the new li-
brary were greatly exaggerated. While the
building was entered, the invaders contented
themselves with disarranging the books and
magazines in the reading room, and no damage
was done to the card indexes, as at first re-
ported.
Painesville. The Morley Library may be
compelled to close its doors on March i for
lack of funds. Through oversight in prepar-
ing the city budget the usual appropriation of
$1800 for the library was omitted. Under the
terms of the agreement by which J. H. Morley
turned over to the Library Association the
building and grounds, failure to maintain the
library properly will cause the property to
revert to the grantor and his heirs. And the
W. P. Storrs endowment fund, upon the fail-
ure of the Library Association to maintain the
library, will be transferred to the Painesville
Hospital. The city council is now trying to
devise some way of furnishing the necessary
funds to retain the library.
Paulding. Plans are being prepared for a
$40,000 Carnegie Library building here.
INDIANA
Akron. A very satisfactory site for the
new $12,500 public library has been secured.
It is one square east of the interurban line
on Main street. Work on the new building
will be commenced in the spring.
'54
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[February, 1914
Ck*r*b*sco. The town board has voted a
ux (or th« establishment of a public library,
and the library board has been appointed.
Ewnrvillt. The legislative committee of the
State Library Trustees' Association, which will
have charge of the codification of all laws
pertaining to libraries, has been named by
President Edmund L. Craig. The member-
ship follows: Ora L. Wildermuth, of Gary,
chairman ; John A. Lapp, of Indianapolis, sec-
retary : Mord Carter, of Danville ; H. C. Mar-
f Attica; Theodore F. Rose, of Muncic;
Bin. Dizabeth C. Earl of Connersville, and
V D. Moffitt. of El wood.
HunHngton. The Huntington Public Library
• in the state to have paid advertis-
ing in the newspapers. The advertisements
xhibition at the meeting of the I. L.
A. at Marion recently, as a part of the gen-
eral exhibit on publicity.
Indianapolis. The movement for the erec-
f the new Indianapolis Public Library
is under way. In a preliminary contest for
•election of an architect, twenty-five local ar-
chitects are entered, and their plans must be
submitted in February- Three competitors
win then be chosen for a final contest against
three architects from outside Indianapolis.
The !>utMinR will not exceed two stories in
height at>ove the basement and will be of fire-
proof construction with stone walls on at least
three *idc5. The stack room will have a capac-
f about 300,000 volumes, and the building
wiTI be so planned that it may be enlarged
apacity of 500.000 volumes. The build-
ing will contain public rooms with dimensions
as follows: Delivery room, 1800 square feet;
general reference reading room. 2200 square
feet; open shelf room, 2200 square feet; chil-
dren's reading room, 2000 square feet; room
for an books, 800 square feet; school refer-
ence room, 800 square feet; medical library,
800 square feet ; law library, 800 square feet ;
newspaper and periodical room, 1500 square
feet; special newspaper and periodical room,
500 square feet ; memorial lecture and exhibi-
tion room, 1500 square feet, and two study
rooms, 250 square feet each. Rooms for the
administration and staff will be included as
ws: Librarian's suite, 800 square feet, in-
cluding private office, ante-room and records
accessions room, 400 square feet ; cata-
room, 1000 square feet; repair room,
quare feet; two work rooms, 600 square
feet: room for supervisor of branches, 250
square feet; stations department, 500 square
feet; supplies room, 400 square feet; staff
lunch room, 500 square feet; rest room 200
square feet, and locker and toilet rooms. The
basement is to include a children's room, pub-
lic toilets, covered receiving and shipping plat-
form, stations department receiving and ship-
ping room, packing and unpacking department,
future bindery, future printing department,
janitor's office, locker room and toilet for
janitors, boiler room, dynamo room and ven-
tilating apparatus. It is expected to spend
about $500,000 for the building.
Kewanna. The people of Kewanna have
met the requirements of the Carnegie Corpora-
tion both in regard to tax and a site for the
library, and are now hopeful over the pros-
pect of getting a library.
Monon. The town board at Monon and the
advisory board of the township have levied a
tax for a public library, and a library board
has been appointed.
Newcastle. One of the most spirited library
campaigns that has ever been witnessed in In-
diana is that now in progress at Newcastle.
The object of the campaign is to reorganize
the public library generally, to have the library
put under an independent library board instead
of the school board, to get a library building
and to increase the library income. The
women's clubs, and nearly all other good in-
fluences of the city seem to be back of the
movement, but Miss Lois Compton, who is
writing the newspaper articles, and Mr. S. P.
Jennings, who has conducted the correspond-
ence with the Carnegie Corporation, deserve
the greatest credit. The school board has al-
ready voted to turn the library over to the
city and the Carnegie Corporation of New
York has offered $20,000 for a building.
South Whitley. The new Carnegie Library
has purchased a very desirable site for its new
building.
MICHIGAN
Detroit. Garence M. Burton, historian of
Detroit has offered his magnificent collection
of books and manuscripts relating to the his-
tory of the city to the library commission.
The library contains 30,000 bound volumes,
100,000 pamphlets, 500,000 manuscripts and
27,000 photographs of Detroit scenes, buildings
and characters. Mr. Burton included in his
offer his home at 27 Brainard street and the
three fireproof buildings which he has erected
to house his library. It is the most important
February, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
155
gift of the type that has ever been made to
the city. Mr. Burton has spent forty years
in making the collection, and is anxious to
have it kept in Detroit. The collection includes
the letters and papers of all the notable men
of early Detroit and among the bound vol-
umes are many rare books, in some cases the
only ones known to be in existence.
Lansing. There has been placed in the State
library a card index to all English-speaking
court decisions for the last twenty-five years
on accident, health, and employers' liability in-
surance. The state librarian, Mrs. Mary G.
Spencer, is now preparing an index to all de-
cisions which have appeared on workmen's
compensation. Acting under the law passed in
1913. the superintendent of public instruction
and the state librarian are now preparing a
list of over 1000 books which are recommend-
ed, after investigation, for purchase by district
school and township libraries.
Lansing Public School L. Mrs. E. Jennie
McNeal, Ibn. (i2th annual rpt. — yr. ending
Aug. 31, 1913.) Accessions 1710 volumes; to-
tal number in library 23,285 volumes. New
registration 1704; total number of borrowers
6054. Circulation from Central Library 71,-
181 volumes ; from branches 8560 volumes ; to-
tal 79,741, an increase of 8493 volumes, or 12
per cent, over last year. Receipts 8330.01 ; ex-
penditures $7265.26; balance $1064.75.
Newaygo. Andrew Carnegie has offered
this village $5000 for a library. The offer has
been accepted. It is said that Newaygo is the
smallest town in the United States to receive
such donation from Mr. Carnegie's library
fund.
ILLINOIS.
An editorial in Public Libraries for Decem-
ber criticises Illinois state library service. Ac-
cording to this editorial the libraries of the
state have not been receiving adequate service
for the money paid out. The Traveling Li-
brary Commission has maintained it had in-
adequate funds for its work, but it has not
done the work which seemed reasonable to ex-
pect with its annual appropriation of $5300.
The State Library has an appropriation of
$33.400, and the Legislative Reference Library
one of $25,000. With these sums the standard
of work done ought to be raised from its pres-
ent status, or a strong protest made.
Another editorial in the same publication
discusses the handicap of almost all Illinois
libraries through insufficient funds. It ap-
pears that the amendment of the Juul law
passed by the last General Assembly does not
affect library taxes, and library conditions are
consequently cramped. It will be at least three
years before there can be legal remedy, and
in the meantime many of them find it hard
to make both ends meet in the running ex-
penses, while their extension work is almost
paralyzed. In Evanston an appeal has been
sent out to the city asking each reader who
can to check a book on an accompanying list
and be responsible for its purchase, the library
to do the actual buying at the usual library
discount.
Galesburg. The special election on the
question of issuing bonds for the public library
site at Abingdon showed the bond issue car-
ried by sixty-four votes. The women claim
credit, as most of their 190 votes, out of the
540 cast, went for the issue.
The North West
WISCONSIN
Madison. Pioneer Norwegian life of Wis-
consin, and especially of Dane county, was
shown in a very successful exhibit in the mu-
seum of the Wisconsin Historical Library,
where the crude household furnishings and per-
sonal belongings of some of the early settlers
were to be seen. Photographs of several pio-
neers were shown, together with old chests,
pieces of lace, pewter spoons, feminine adorn-
ments and farm tools.
MINNESOTA
Minneapolis. A third Carnegie library is to
be built at Central avenue and Twenty-second
street as the result of the purchase of three
lots early in January. The price paid was
$6000 for all. Plans were also approved for a
$15,000 addition to the North Side branch at
Emerson and Twentieth avenues north. This
addition will double the branch.
IOWA.
Alden. The library board has received from
Mr. Carnegie the promise of $9000 for a li-
brary building. Tax support from outside
townships will assure the necessary support.
Keokuk. Owing to the crowded condition
of the stacks a room on the lower floor of the
library building has recently been converted
into a documents department, thus making
room for several thousand additional volumes
in the main library. The library is to have
a large electric sign with the word "Library"
on the roof.
156
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[February, 1914
Jk/f. Ayr. Through the efforts of the library
department of the Village Improvement So-
ciety, a library has been opened in Mt Ayr.
U'atfrloo P. L. Fanny Duren, Ibn. (Rpt.—
1913.) Accessions 2141; total number of vol-
umes now about 23,000. Circulation 89,875.
New registrations 1211; total number of bor-
rowers 8377*
For a long time the libraries have sought
to cooperate with the public schools of the city
in providing books for the children and to
interest the students in reading. This cooper-
ation has developed in a remarkable way, and
so valuable has been the assistance rendered by
the library that the school board of East and
West Waterloo voted last summer to appro-
priate $250 each for the purchase of home
reading books. The library was asked to se-
lect the books, catalog them, and see to
their circulation among the pupils of the
fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh grades. The
books were purchased and arranged in sets of
twenty each, each set to be placed with a grade
for a semester. The teachers have had charge
of the circulation of these books. Next year
the library plans to have a special supervisor
of children's work,
NEBRASKA
Omaha P. L. Edith Tobitt, Ibn. (Rpt.—
I9I3-) Accessions 6327; total number of vol-
umes in the library 97,254. Circulation 302,-
801. New registration 7997; total number of
borrowers 20,248 [population in 1910, 124,-
ooo). Appropriation for 1913, $29,000.
Beginning Jan. i. 1914, fines on books over-
doe will be reduced from 5 cents to 2 cents
per day. Branch libraries in Train and Ed-
ward Rosewater schools have recently been
installed. A substation of the library also has
been placed in a store at Fiftieth and Under-
wood avenue for the convenience of Dundee
•««. who pay a tax of $315 toward the
support of the Omaha library. The public
•v board is considering a plan to make
the library a county institution that will serve
not only every city and town in the county,
M the rural districts as well. To serve the
rural routes" would have
t0 be,,CTeated similar to the "rural mail
They would l>c operated probably
irice a week, and would touch at the school
houses an<: necessary to put the
library at the service of every resident of the
fy.
Palmyra. The library here, which occupied
f the rooms in the opera house, was de-
stroyed by fire Dec. 26.
The South West
MISSOURI
Bolivar. Work will soon be started on the
new $10,000 Carnegie library.
Kansas City. Rolls of music that may be
taken home to put on the player piano are
ready for circulation at Kansas City's public
library. The 500 selections were presented by
a citizen who plans to add to the collection.
The pieces are mostly classical. Ragtime is
barred.
St. Joseph. The public library has added a
stereopticori view department. Through the
courtesy of Francis B. Purdie it has received
a fine start, with more than 500 slides. Most
of the slides were made from photographs
taken by Mr. Purdie. Scenes in St. Joseph
and environs are to be obtained and there will
be a series to aid in campaigns for good roads,
vacant lot gardening and movements of a sim-
ilar nature. The slides are available to any-
one having a stereopticon machine and may
be drawn out the same as books.
TEXAS
Fort Worth. The fifth annual exhibition
of selected paintings by American artists was
held at the Carnegie Library Jan. 8 to 29, in-
clusive. About fifty paintings are in the col-
lection which has been brought together for a
circuit comprising New Orleans, Fort Worth,
Austin, San Antonio and Houston. The col-
lection was assembled by the American Fed-
eration of Arts.
San Antonio P. L. Cornelia Notz, Ibn.
(Rpt. — IQI3-) Accessions 1992; total number
volumes in library 320,044. Circulation 99,755.
New registration 2980; total number of bor-
rowers 11,299.
For the coming year plans have already been
completed for a new magazine room, a change
of the children's room, and for a teachers' de-
partment. Magazines are now kept in the
general reading room. By having a room for
them alone the librarian expects materially to
add to the convenience of readers. The lec-
tures in the auditorium, which have proved
popular, will be continued.
KANSAS
The publicity committee of the Kansas
Library Association is sending to a select list
of Kansas daily and weekly newspapers, news
letters containing items about the various li-
braries of the State in the belief that their
publication will help the library cause in Kan-
sas.
.February, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
157
Cherry-vale. The new Carnegie public li-
brary was opened recently, with Miss Winnie
Williams in charge as librarian.
Coffeyville. Twelve times a year for each
volume is the average circulation of the 5200
books in the Coffeyville Public Library, dur-
ing 1913. The library has been open less than
two years. Its use in 1913 was 25 per cent,
greater than in 1912.
Columbus. The $10,000 Carnegie Library
building is nearly completed.
Herrington. A $10,000 public library is un-
der way.
Independence. The public library circulated
last year its 6000 volumes an average of more
than five times. Averaging the circulation by
population, during the year each of the 10,480
citizens of Independence read three books
from the public library.
Kansas City. The public library is carrying
the books to the people. It has deposit col-
lections in ten school buildings and keeps 100
volumes in the rest room of the telephone com-
pany. It circulated 136,000 books last year.
Lamed. In the new city building, 75 by 50
feet in size, costing $28,000, the main floor will
be used for the public library. The money
for this building was left to the town by Dr.
Cummins.
Newton. The Newton free library recently
prepared an exhibition of its resources for
school use, and entertained the city teachers
at a reception and lecture on the educational
work of well organized libraries. Seventy-five
people attended.
Nortonmlle. A joint public and school li-
brary, to be known as the Crobarger Public
Library, is being opened here. The new pub-
lic school building provides a large library
room, with an outside public entrance. The
school board provides heat, light, and the li-
brarian. The publiv, library committee fur-
nishes the money for the initial stock of books
and equipment, and has a considerable sum
permanently invested, the interest of which
will provide an annual book fund.
Peabody. A new public library is under con-
struction. This is its second building. The
first building, with 500 books, was given to the
town in 1874 by Hon. F. H. Peabody. The
new building is costing $10,000, given by An-
drew Carnegie.
Russell. The public library had a total of
14,143 visitors last year. It receives 47 maga-
zines and 12 newspapers, and has 3186 bound
volumes.
Topeka. Some time ago, if we may believe
newspaper reports, officials of all Kansas libra-
ries received a letter from the United States
Brewing Association. This letter said that the
association had printed several works on tem-
perance which it was prepared to furnish free
to all public and school libraries. With the
letter was a postcard to be returned to the
association if the library wanted the books.
Most of the school and city libraries returned
the postcards and asked for the books. The
brewers paid the express charges. After being
in the libraries several weeks it was discov-
ered that every book contained an attack on
prohibition, and most of them had something
about Kansas and its law. Some of the books
advised the continual use of liquors by every
one, from a baby to an old man. Then the
libraries burned the books..
Wichita. Work has begun on the new Car-
negie library building. It is to be 130 by 33
feet, two stories and basement.
Pacific Coast
CALIFORNIA
Albany. This town, north of Berkeley, now
has a free public library, opened in December.
Clovis. The city council has voted to apply
to the Carnegie Corporation for a library do-
nation. Several sites for a new building are
being considered. Miss Elsie Braun has been
appointed librarian.
Coalinga. The deed has been recorded
transferring the site of the district library
from those holding it in trust to the District
Library Association, and it is expected that a
$20,000 library building will soon be erected
thereon.
Huntington Beach. The corner-stone of the
new $10,000 Carnegie library was laid in De-
cember with impressive ceremonies in the
presence of a big audience, which included
all the pupils of the local and the neighbor-
ing schools. The address of the day was de-
livered by J. A. Armitage, of Sunset Beach.
Mrs. S. L. Blodget told the history of the
library up to the time it became a municipal
institution in 1911. The new building will be
completed in March next.
Los Angeles. A concrete municipal pier to
be used exclusively for pleasure purposes, is
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[February, 1914
completion at Hermosa Beach. A
glass indosnre looking over the sea has been
retained for the Hermosa Beach Public Li-
brary.
Lot Angeles. Next May the Los Angeles
I'ublk L0>rary will increase the floor space
ty nearly 50 per cent. There will be 50,000
square feet available, and it is the hope of the
library management to place practically all
the books on open shelves. Three new spe-
cial departments will be created, a technical
department, a civics department and a fine
arts department. There will be a study club
room which can be used by any organization
without charge, provided books are to be used
there in the meeting. Music lovers of the
city have promised to get a piano for the
study club room so that in the morning hours
musical compositions can be tried in the study
club room, which will be provided with sound
proof walls.
Socromrnto. The names of the fifteen girls
who passed the examination for entrance into
the new State Library School, which opened
Jan. i, are as follows: Ruth Beard, Modesto;
Marion J. Cblcard, Modesto; Mabel Coulter,
is; Myrtle Ruhl, Redwood; Helen M.
Bnmner, Sacramento ; Bernice Goff, San Jose ;
-<• Gundnim. Sacramento; Blanche Phal-
fant, Bishop; Helen C Briggs, Sacramento;
in Gregory, Mills College; Minnie C.
Green, Sacramento; Jennie Rumsey, Wood-
land ; Cecelia Henderson, Stanford University ;
I>mala A. Martin, Sacramento; Annie Mar-
grave, Santa Barbara.
Sacramento. The offer of Mr. Carnegie to
:c $175.000 for a library, to be named after
on condition that not less than 10 per
cent, of this amount be expended in up-
keep yearly, has been accepted by the city.
Plan* drawn by Engineer Givan will be for-
warded a* «x»n as possible to the office of
the Carnegie Corporation in New York for
approval.
San Diego. The San Diego County Free
library ha* just established two new
hranche* at Alpine and Julian, and another
^oon be established at Dulzura. County
lies previously in operation under San
administration are located at Fallbrook,
Vsidro. Poway, El Cajon, Ramona, Lake-
Hncanto. Chala Vista. Lemon Grove,
Jamul. Nestor. La Mesa, East San
I>irgo and Dehesa.
cklon. The present library building is
lo receive an $80.000 addition.
The Civic Center Club is planning
to install a public library, with state and local
aid, in the new $70,000 high school building.
Torrance. Prior to the erection of the Tor-
ranee Public Library, a temporary library was
opened in December. It is in charge of Mrs.
Isabel Henderson, a trained librarian of Ni-
agara Falls. N. Y. The Torrance Public Li-
brary, plans for which have just been finished
by Architect Robert Farquher, is a gift to the
city by its founder, J. S. Torrance. It will
cost approximately $30,000, and will be the
first of a group of fine public buildings to be
erected in the civic center of the city.
Vacaville. The Carnegie Foundation trus-
tees have offered $10,000 for a library here.
Assurance of maintenance has been given and
all that is lacking is a lot for a site. An ac-
tive campaign has been started to secure one.
OREGON
Astoria. After 21 years of existence the
Astoria Public Library Association, the mem-
bership of which was composed of a number
of the city's public-spirited women, ceased
Jan. i. At the same time the mayor ap-
pointed a commission of nine persons to take
charge of the property and continue the func-
tions of the library department.
UTAH
In Utah the local school boards are required
to set aside annually from the school fund a
sum equal to 15 cents for each child of school
age in the district, to be expended for school
library books which are recommended by the
board of education.
Ogden. There are now 11,960 volumes in
the public library, 2210 volumes having been
added during the last year. There are 1629
books in the children's room. On one day
recently between 400 and 500 children visited
this room.
IDAHO
Boise. The use of two rooms in the rear
of the Presbyterian church at Collister Station
has been given for a library and reading
room to serve the district around Wylie, Col-
lister and Riverside. The books will be sup-
plied by the free traveling library.
Canada
Ottawa. The pupils of the high school make
regular use of the newspapers at the public
library as a basis for a column which they
edit each week in one of the local papers.
February, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
159
Toronto. The annual meeting of the Li-
brary Association of the Toronto Public Li-
brary was held in the board room at head-
quarters Wednesday evening, Jan. 21, the
president, Miss Winifred Barnstead, in the
chair. There were 58 present, representing
every department of library work. The re-
port of the secretary-treasurer for the year
just closed showed a prosperous and useful
year. The elections resulted as follows: Hon.
president, Mr. T. W. Banton; president, Miss
Frances Staton; vice-president, Miss Patricia
O'Connor ; secretary-treasurer. Miss Teresa G.
O'Connor ; program committee, Misses Eva
Davis, Elizabeth Moir, Elfreda Corey; social
committee, Misses Mabel Baxter, Eloise Mc-
Fayden, Marion Field ; auditor, Miss Jennie
Corcoran. Mr. Caswell, the assistant librarian,
gave a talk on the work for the coming year,
offering a number of practical suggestions, and
tiss Rose Ferguson, librarian in charge of
the Yorkville branch, read from her recently
iblished book of poems "Maple leaves and
snowflakes." A half hour of social inter-
:ourse followed, during which refreshments
/ere served by the social committee.
Foreign
GREAT BRITAIN
Edmund Gosse, librarian to the British
[ouse of Lords, has been appointed an officer
)f the French Legion d'Honneur, in recogni-
>n of his services to French literature in
igland.
The Rev. Thomas Kingsmill Abbott, librar-
of Trinity College, Dublin, since 1854, and
noted scholar and writer on Scriptural and
lilosophical subjects, died Dec. 18. He was
>rn in 1829, in Dublin.
Coventry P. L. Septimus A. Pitt, Ibn.
(Rpt. — 1912-13.) Accessions 2032; total num-
ber volumes in library and branches 65,199.
Total circulation 242,010. New registration
426; total 11,588. Income £3803 i6s. ;d; ex-
penditures £2768 155. 5d.
During the last five years the issue of fiction
has decreased by 10,902, while circulation of
non-fiction increased 48,139 in the same time.
Issues of volumes for reference purposes have
increased slightly, and there is a growing use
of the books which have been put on open
shelves. Accommodation for 20,000 additional
volumes has been provided in the reference
department by the introduction of steel book-
ises which are convertible at any time into
rolling stacks. In the children's department
15,314 more issues were recorded than in the
previous year. Three branch libraries, for
Earlsdon, Stoke, and Foleshill, were started
last summer. The first two have been com-
pleted, and that at Foleshill will be finished
in the spring. There have already been pur-
chased 10,000 volumes for the new branches.
The first part of the new general catalog, com-
prising books on natural science, useful, fine,
and recreative arts, has been published and is
on sale to borrowers. A photographic survey
of Coventry has recently been inaugurated by
the Photographic Club, and it is intended to
form and preserve at the Central Library a
collection of photographs representing scenes
and events associated with the city, past and
present.
Coventry. Floor plans of two of the three
new branch libraries for the Coventry library
system are reproduced in The Librarian and
Book World for January, 1914. The first one
shown is the branch at Foleshill, said to be
similar in plan to the branch at Earlsdon, ex-
cept that it is somewhat more compact. The lot
on which this stands is irregular in shape, one
corner having an angle of about 50 degrees, and
the building has been well adapted to the space it
fills. The branch at Stoke occupies a corner
lot. The entrance here is placed diagonally
across the corner with the two wings of the
building on either side at right angles to each
other. In the angle thus formed at the rear
the room for the lending library, with its
curved outer wall, has been placed. In both
branches the children's room is at the right
of the rather large entrance hall, the lending
library at the rear, and the news room at the
left. Rooms for the staff adjoin the news
rooms. Pictures of these two branches are
printed in the last report of the Coventry
Libraries, and show attractive one-story build-
ings of brick with stone trimmings, standing
close to the street.
Gainsborough. The Public Library has been
reopened on the open access system. Other
improvements, including a reduction in fines
and an extension of the hours the library is
open, have been inaugurated.
Leeds P. L. Thomas W. Hand, Ibn. (Rpt.
— yr. ending Mar. 31, 1913.) Accessions
7956; total number volumes in libraries 313*-
196. Circulation 1,382,237; of this number
125,748 were consulted in the reference library,
248,486 were issued from the central lending
library, and 1,008,003 from the branch libra-
ries. There were about 2,170,000 visitors to
the newspaper rooms of the central library and
i6o
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[February, 1914
branches. Total registration 3*748, a decrease
of 915 from the previous year.
There arc about thirty branches maintained
part of the library system. The practice
of providing "safe guarded open access" to
the shelves has been introduced in a few of
the brancho. with an immediate gain in cir-
culation, especially in books on the useful arts
and science, tine arts, history and biography.
The results are so satisfactory that the system
v ill gradually be introduced to other branches.
Juvenile reading rooms are crowded, and
"half hour talks" given during the winter by
a member of the staff were very successful,
ranch libraries and newsrooms are
maintained in many school-rooms.
County Borough of Salford P. L. Ben. H.
Mullen. Ibn. (6sth rpt.— yr. ending Oct. 3*.
1913.) Accessions 2517; total number vol-
umes 60,007. Circulation for home use 360,-
857; volumes used in reading rooms, 242,347;
number of readers in the news rooms I,i74«-
556. New registration 82; total number of
borrowers 12,330.
There are seven libraries and two reading
rooms included in this system, besides a mu-
seum and art gallery at Peel Park and a
natural history museum at Buile Hill Park.
The usual American card-charging system of
recording the issue of books has been tried in
one of the branch libraries in place of the cum-
mer system, and the system has been
found "<imple, rapid, economical and accu-
"Compared with the returns of ten years
ago, some striking advances are to be noticed
be importance of the institutions to the
public, and the growing appreciation in which
they are held. The number of museum vis-
has risen by 63,205 ; the number of books
taken for reading at the firesides of the peo-
ple is 84,737 greater; while 26,824 more books
have been used in the reading rooms. The
number of readers in the news rooms has ad-
vanced by 50,134, and the recreation rooms,
not in existence ten years ago, have this year
been used by 498,145 persons. The total un-
der all heads amounts to no less a figure than
>15, representing 41.6 per cent, increase
in the decade."
GERMANY
Bremen. The Lesehalle (reading room) had
113,480 visitors in 1912. With a total of 29,142
\ lumes in the library and its branches, a cir-
culation of 188,905 volumes was reached. A
lending library was established for the cab-
drivers in their own quarters.
Elberfeld. The Stadtbficherei (city library)
with its branches, in the year 1911-12 had a
circulation of 286,668 volumes.
Heidelberg. The Volksbibliothek (people's
library) had in 1912 a recorded use by 66,687
persons, including 29,624 readers in the read-
ing room. This library of 0462 volumes lent
during the year 36,435 books.
Neu-Kolln. During the past year the public
reading room of the city was visited by 4180
persons. Of these 3300 were men and 88<
were women. During 1911 an average of 13
persons visited the reading room each day.
The total expenditure for library and reading
room amounted to about $1450. In addition
$750 was employed in the purchase of works
of the best literature and of a popular scien-
tific character. It is probable that the coming
year will see the commencement of construc-
tion work on a separate library building. It
is also intended to make large increases in the
number of volumes in the library. Probably
between $3500 and $4000 will be devoted to
the purchase of new books.
Berlin. The public library and reading room
at Adalbertstrasse 41, Berlin, S. O., was
founded fourteen years ago for the benefit of
the working people of Greater Berlin. Of the
users of the library 55 per cent, are engaged
in industrial pursuits, 22 per cent, are com-
mercial clerks, while the remaining 23 per-
cent, belong to the liberal professions, or are
officials, teachers, students or persons without
occupation. During the last year 70,809 vol-
umes were loaned in the circulating division
as against 69,012 in the year preceding. Only
19 volumes were lost. Of the entire number
of volumes loaned 24,936 related to literature
of an instructive character. These were di-
vided as follows among the various branches
of knowledge : history and biography, 4838 ;
geography, 3110; natural sciences, 5093; law
and government, political economy, 3075;
trade literature and technics, 3290 ; philosophy,
religion, pedagogy, sports, 2815; art, music,
history of literature, etc., 2715. The scientific
books asked for constituted 35 per cent, of
the entire number loaned. In all 85,851 vol-
umes were loaned to be read either inside or
outside the library. In the course of last year
the library was visited by 67,312 persons, 64,-
255 of them being men and 3057 women. The
number of periodical publications available to
visitors of the library has been largely in-
creased and now amounts to 619 newspapers
and magazines of every kind and tendency.
February, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
161
The reference library, consisting of 2131 vol-
umes and located in the reading room, was
used extensively by the visitors.
HOLLAND
A description of the Royal Library of Hol-
land, which is located at The Hague, appears
in the December issue of The Library World.
It is one of a series of articles by Henry A.
Sharp, entitled "Pages from a Dutch note
book."
The Royal Library was founded in 1798.
Seven years later it became known as the
Koninklijke Bibliotheek, and since 1815 has
been the national library of Holland. It con-
tains over 500,000 printed books, and 30,000
pamphlets illustrative of the history of Hol-
land, as well as some 6000 manuscripts, mostly
historical in character. It also possesses unique
collections on chess, of Dutch incunabula,
ibout 700 Elzevirs, and much material relat-
ig to Spinoza, who was born in Amsterdam.
Books in the library are available for home
iding, free access is allowed to a considerable
>rtion of the stock, and no formalities are
be observed beyond the signing of an ordi-
nary visitors' book. Books are loaned to all
irts of the country, and all kinds of biblio-
graphical catalogs are being prepared to ac-
luaint the people with the library.
Holland issues a series of printed cards sim-
ir to Library of Congress cards, and also a
tinted card index of articles in current Dutch
)eriodicals. Before being printed on the ac-
lal cards, proofs on perforated paper are sent
all subscribers, who tear off those which
they require and return them to the library,
thus furnishing a guide to the number of
cards needed.
ITALY
Florence. A society has been formed here
for the purpose of providing libraries for the
elementary schools of the city, the books be-
ing allowed to circulate among the families of
the pupils. The society now, after five years,
has 135 such libraries containing several thou-
sand volumes. The books are repaired and
rebound by the society.
Mantua. The Biblioteca Communale at the
end of 1912 reports 120,495 volumes besides
manuscripts, incunabula and maps. The year's
expenditures amounted to 23,811 lire (about
$4,760), of which 923 lire (about $184) came
from the state. Important loans were made
to libraries in Italy and two other countries.
Padua. The University of Padua has a new
library building costing about $80,000. It is the
first modern library building erected by any
Italian university. The five-story stack has
room for 180,000 volumes, and space is set
aside for two others. The largest reading
room seats about 100 persons, and there are
several special reading rooms.
FRANCE
Paris. There were 169,450 readers, both
students and professors, in the Sorbonne the
last year, who used 510,295 volumes. These
figures do not include the books to which free
access is given. In addition 14,469 persons
borrowed 19,352 volumes for home use. Ac-
cessions during tftie year numbered 13,550
volumes.
A USTRIA-HUNGARY
A commission of fifteen, working under the
direction of the Hungarian ministry of edu-
cation and public worship, has completed an
examination of all the juvenile literature of
the country, and the ministry has now under-
taken a reform of the school libraries, basing
its action on the reports made by the commis-
sion.
Vienna. The "Zentral-Bibliothek" Verein,
with 23 branches in the city and three outside
of it, had 545,700 volumes at the end of 1912,
and circulated nearly 5,000,000 volumes.
POLAND
An article in Tygodnik Illustrowany, a
weekly published in Warsaw, Poland, an-
nounces that the new building for the library
of the counts Krasinski will be opened this
year in Warsaw, "so that the treasures of the
past gathered sparingly by former generations
and saved from destruction [a discreet allu-
sion to the pillaging of Polish libraries in the
eighteenth century, when 300,000 volumes were
taken to St. Petersburg] could be preserved."
This library is a result of the labor of many
generations. As far back as the sixteenth
century the counts Krasinski were already
known as possessors of excellent libraries.
During the last 50 years the library has grown
steadily, and it is now considered one of the
finest and most valuable libraries in Poland.
Besides the original collection of the counts
Krasinski, the library includes that of
Konstanty Swidzinski, Count Leon Lubienski
and others. The library contains 72,000 works
in about 100,000 volumes, also 7000 manu-
scripts, a rare collection of paintings, coins,
portraits, and arms and armor.
LIBRARY WORK
Notes of developments in all branches of library activity, particularly as shown in current
library literature.
General
Scope, Usefulness. Founding
SCOPE AND USEFULNESS.
What can be done by a small library in a
small town. Mary S. Crandall. Pub. Libs.,
January, 1914. P- 1-4-
A paper read before the library section of
the New York State Teachers' Association in
Syracuse, Nov. 25, 1913. Suggests how the
local papers, churches, civic associations and
business organizations may be induced to co-
operate with the libraty. The value of library
exhibits at county fairs, illustrated lantern
talks, picture bulletins, special lists and ex-
hibits for young people, mailing lists in rural
districts, and small libraries sent to coun-
try schools is all touched upon. Inexpensive
pictures are circulated, and are used to suggest
collateral reading. Material for debates, es-
says, etc., is furnished, and personal supple-
mentary aid is given wherever possible.
The Library as an Educator
FOREIGNERS, WORK WITH.
It is reported that 70 per cent, of those who
patronize the Boston Public Library, its
branches and reading rooms, are foreigners or
their children.
Recent additions to the Indianapolis Pub-
lic Library include a number of Roumanian,
Slavonic, and Hungarian books. Lists of
books in Greek, Bulgarian, and other lan-
guages are being prepared and will be added
later.
The first Chinese library to be estab-
li-hrd in the United States and to be desig-
nated a< an Official Gazette Library by the
superintendent of documents, has its new quar-
ters at No. 2210-2212 Archer avenue, Chicago.
Many of the Chinese students avail themselves
field of research. Through Mr. Wong
Chung, of Nanking, the library is assured of
sufficient endowment to carry on its work. Tt
now owns over 2500 volumes.
The Free Public Library Commission of
Massachusetts has been holding meetings in
the libraries at Springfield. Worcester and
Northampton, in connection with the extension
of library work in the foreign colonies. In
every instance the attendance was much larger
than was expected, the leaders of the foreign
colonies combining in making suggestions to
the libraries as to the most practical way to
bring the libraries in closer touch with the
non-English speaking people. These sugges-
tions ranged from notices about the libraries,
printed in foreign languages, to be distributed
through the foreign quarters, to new branch
buildings. The spirit of helpfulness was evi-
dent from all quarters and there were no dis-
senting opinions as to the great benefit that
would result to the newcomers from a greater
use of the library. As one local paper put it,
every one in attendance was impressed by the
desire of the Library Commission and the lo-
cal library to make their institution of prac-
tical value to all the citizens of the State. The
commission reports that traveling libraries in
Italian have been sent to Lincoln, Marlbor-
ough, Southwick and construction camps at
Drury and Charlemont ; French libraries to
Spencer, Northbridge, Bryanrville, Montague
and Palmer; and Polish to Georgetown and
Ludlow. Requests have been received from
ten other libraries and traveling libraries will
be sent as fast as the necessary books can be
secured. Twelve libraries have applied to the
commission for annotated lists of books in for-
eign languages, which are being prepared in
co-operation with the leaders of the different
nationalities as fast as possible. The Dante
Alighieri Society, at the suggestion of its Bos-
ton branch, has made a generous gift to the
commission of 150 volumes of Italian books
for the traveling libraries. The titles were se-
lected by the society and the majority of the
books shipped from Rome.
Free illustrated lectures in Italian were
given at the North End branch of the Bos-
ton Public Library during January. The sub-
ject of the first lecture was "Modern and
Ancient Rome." The lectures were delivered
by Signorina Amy A. Bernardy. This arrange-
ment was made possible by cooperation with
the Societa Nazionale Dante Alighieri, which
last year gave to the library the handsome bas
relief of Dante that may be seen in the main
reading room. Another innovation at this
branch library is a series of vocation talks that
February, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
is being given on Wednesday evenings for the
young people of the district. "Needle Trades"
was the subject of one talk for girls, while
the boys had their turn the following week,
the subject being "Building Trades."
WORK WITH WOMEN.
The Chicago Public Library has a study
for women, which is intended for the accom-
modation of woman patrons of the library
engaged in research, seeking assistance in the
preparation of special subjects, and it is es-
pecially intended for the use of women voters.
A special reference room for women has been
opened in the main library. There are 250
volumes on political subjects.
Library in Relation to Schools
WORK WITH SCHOOLS.
The public library and the rural school.
Leslie I. Reed. Iowa Lib. Quar., O.-N.-D.,
IQI3- P- 54-57-
The modern conception of the duties of the
public library is twofold : First, to find a book
for every reader, and second, to find a reader
for every book. Today the rural districts
work in cooperation with the city and the
modern library movement embraces not only
the residents of the city and town, but also
the inhabitants of the remotest rural district.
The writer, who is superintendent of schools
in Missouri Valley, Iowa, took an active part
in creating a large interest in the library.
Series of special meetings were held for men,
for women, and for teachers, at which lectures
were given with the purpose of creating an
interest in the higher things of life and also
to prepare them for the work of extending
library use. Much interest was aroused at
once. About a thousand books were brought
forth from school closets, others were pur-
chased, and the whole rearranged and classi-
fied by school grades. The teachers taught the
pupils how to use the library, gave advice on
the selection of books, and encouraged the pu-
pils to discuss the books read. In the fall the
librarian had a booth at the county fair, from
which interest has spread to the towns around.
The conclusions reached are that rural ex-
tension work must start with the city library ;
that the most available agent for interesting
the rural communities is the rural teacher,
who should study the needs of her com-
munity and aid the librarian in selection of
books ; that the State Library Commission
should work to interest county superintendents
in the extension movement, and should see
that lecturers are available for meetings of
farmers' clubs, etc. ; that library courses should
be required in all normal schools, and that
money raised by rural taxation for libraries
should go to the city library at the center of
the district.
Library Extension Work
EXTENSION WORK.
University extension and the local libraries.
William A. Rawles. Lib. Occurrent, D., 1913.
p. 146-149-
In America the task of the nineteenth cen-
tury was the subduing of a continent. The
mission of the twentieth century must be the
conservation of resources, of life and health,
and a readjustment of our social relations. In
the readjustment of educational institutions
the university should be an important factor,
and in this Wisconsin has shown the possibili-
ties of the greater university by offering "to
teach anybody anything, anywhere."
The functions of the twentieth century uni-
versity are three-fold. First, the instruction
and training of those students who gather in
its halls ; second, research work and its ap-
plication to both old and new conditions and
methods; third, the wide diffusion of knowl-
edge among the people of every city, village,
and rural community. In Indiana are over a
million people between the ages of 16 and 40,
for most of whom education beyond the com-
mon schools is impossible. That they yearn
for more knowledge, the records of private
correspondence schools bears witness. Does it
not seem rational to ask the State University
to undertake such part of this work as it can
do efficiently?
Extension work is carried on by three meth-
ods: First, by series of popular lectures; sec-
ond, by correspondence study; and third, by
encouraging and directing debating and public
discussion. In this the library can cooperate
by providing lectures which will lead to fur-
ther reading. Again, although the library can-
not furnish highly specialized textbooks
sometimes required by correspondence classes
it might (and does) furnish reference books
of more or less general interest. And for the
encouragement of debating and public discus-
sions the library can furnish standard works
in economics, sociology, political science and
history, and subscribe to magazines dealing
with current events. The extension depart-
ment will furnish libraries with information
which is desired by their patrons, where the
resources of the local library are insufficient.
;
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[February,
i ;, .
The library trustees of Fresno, Cal.. have
decided to establish a discussion center m the
basement of the library building for public
debate. The proposition is to hold a debate
one night a week between speakers selected
by the library trustees. The public will be
invited to these debates, which will be on sub-
jects of timely and popular interest. Follow-
ing the formal discussion pro and con, the
listeners will be invited to participate in the
oral debate being urged.
THtATE*.
The Louisville Free Public Library in its
endeavor to be of service to the public is a
member of the Drama League of America.
This gives the library the bulletin and all other
printed matter issued by this organization. The
bulletin is on file in the reference room for
public use, and all printed broadsides issued
by the organization recommending plays as
they appear in Louisville, are placed on the
public bulletin board at the library. The li-
brary has just issued an i8-p;ige pamphlet of
vest-pocket size, giving a list of the plays in
the Louisville Public Library which are en-
dorsed by the Drama League, with some addi-
tion] titles of modern dramas.
CINEMATOGRAPH PICT
Last October a "Library of films" was
opened in Berlin (Filmarchiv fur Lehr- und
L'nltrrichtsswckt). This Berlin depository
already possesses a very large collection of
valuable films, dealing especially with scien-
tific and allied subjects, which is probably not
equaled elsewhere. In connection with the li-
brary, an Intelligence Bureau has been opened,
where advice can be obtained on all matters
• rtcd with the cinematograph and its uses.
"When it is remembered that the moving pic-
ture camera may be used in connection with
the microscope — that it has an unlimited field
in KC'^raphy. the recording of social life, and
in natural history— it seems difficult to account
for the fact that universities have practically
ignored it. The value is not so much to be
sought in the classroom, for there are, of
coarse, objections to its use there, but the
founding of thi* new type of library would
possess an interest for future generations
•'i can scarcely be estimated. The German
fy is planning to spend $7500 a year on
buying films.**
The Rhtin-Mainischcr Verband fur Volks-
hildunrr reports an arrangement whereby mo-
tion picture films are lent to local societies, a
traveling theater is maintained, 45 traveling li-
braries as well as many local libraries are fur-
nished to its local Vereine, and an excursion
of 50 working people from Frankfurt to the
"adult schools" of England has been arranged.
The civic lecture and the cinematograph.
J. Best. Cardiff Libs. Rev., N.-D., 1913. P-
82.
One of the first cities of England to give
the cinematograph lecture is Cardiff, which
boasts of the most complete organization of
popular lectures in the British Isles. It has
two series of lectures— one for children, an-
other for adults— given in the chief libraries
in and around Cardiff. The published syllabus
of lectures gives a very complete bibliography
of the subject.
The public library at St. Joseph, Mo., has
been using the Edison home and school kineto-
scope to illustrate the stories told the children
at the library. It is a small moving picture
machine, operated by electricity, and with no
fire risk, which throws a picture on a screen
6x8 feet.
The Bulletin of the New York Library Club
for January presents a summary of the laws
and ordinances of various states and cities
concerning motion picture films, mostly taken
from the report made by Andrew Linn Bost-
wick, the municipal librarian of St. Louis.
Library Development and Cooperation
LIBRARY CO-OPERATION — NATIONAL.
Cooperative lists. Joseph L. Wheeler. Pub.
Libs., D., 1913. p. 428-429.
The Los Angeles Public Library is unable,
for lack of funds, to compile and publish as
many lists as it would like. Consequently, it
has arranged with certain business houses
to compile lists which the company pub-
lishes on condition that its name shall ap-
pear on the title page and it shall have two
or three pages of advertising in the back. The
first two were issued in 1909, one a list of
"Practical books for practical boys," by a large
hardware firm in New York, and the other a
list of "Books for home builders ; planning, dec-
orating, furnishing," by the Sherwin-Williams
Company. About 50,000 of each were printed,
and twenty-five or thirty of the larger libra-
ries distributed them, the copies having the
imprint of the various libraries. Lists of
books on housekeeping, machine shop work,
and business are now proposed, each to be
printed by some company of national reputa-
February, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
165
tion. Libraries are urged to support this plan,
and all which care to help themselves and each
other in this way are requested to notify Mr.
Wheeler.
The public affairs information service.
Spec. Libs., D., 1913. p. 191-192.
To help legislative, municipal reference and
other special libraries to keep in touch with
the progress of affairs in their particular fields
a plan of cooperation has been put into opera-
tion with headquarters at the Indiana Bureau
of Legislation Information, Indianapolis, and
in connection with Special Libraries.
Forty institutions, including nearly all the
leading legislative and municipal reference li-
braries and some college libraries are enrolled.
Each institution pays $25 to cover cost of
postage, subscriptions to clipping bureaus, etc.
Between June and Dec. i, fifteen bulletins
printed on the mimeograph were issued.
The institutions enrolled are requested to
supply information regarding (i) their own
publications and especially all bibliographies
and digests; (2) works in preparation; (3)
specially significant reports of state or city ;
(4) reports on public affairs by local organ-
izations; (5) investigations of political, social
or economic subjects, authorized or under
way; (6) special investigations under way by
city or state administrative officers, etc. ; (7)
local court decisions of extra significance ; (8)
material relating to the reform of legislative
procedure.
Founding, Developing and Maintaining Interest
LIBRARY ADVERTISING.
With the object of familiarizing the public
with the work of the library, and also with
what it aims to do, the librarian of the Provi-
dence (R. I.) Public Library prepared a series
of twenty articles which were printed in the
local newspapers during 1913. A series of
eight articles appeared in the Providence Jour-
nal, from April 3 to April 28, under the gen-
eral heading of "Getting acquainted with the
Providence Public Library." This was fol-
lowed by a series of six articles in the Even-
ing Bulletin, from May 15 to June 4, under
the general heading of "Forming the library
habit at the Providence Public Library." Six
other articles were added, some of which ap-
peared in the Sunday Journal, and some in the
daily Journal One of these emphasized the
various data embodied in the comparative sta-
tistics of libraries, which the library prepared
and had on display.
"You pay for it Why don't you use it?"
was part of the contents of a placard posted
at all of the polling places at Valparaiso, Ind.,
on election day for the purpose of calling at-
tention to the public library. The cards were
made by the manual training boys of the cen-
tral high school.
The Alexandria (Ind.) Public Library had
exhibits of books in the township build-
ing at a recent corn fair, and also in the win-
dow of the room where the corn was exhib-
ited. The editor of the newspaper gave good
space for publicity articles during the fair.
Library babies. Charles H. Compton. Pub.
Libs., January, 1914. p. 9-10.
For the last six months the Seattle Public
Library has been sending out each day to par-
ents whose names are listed in the birth no-
tices of the papers, a postal calling their at-
tention to two books on the care of babies.
Ten to fifteen postals are sent each day. In
the central library and branches are about 75
copies in all, of the two books recommended,
and at the central library alone fully 45 copies
are out all of the time. Of the people brought
to the library by these cards, 25 to 50 per cent,
have never taken out books before.
WINDOW DISPLAY LIBRARY ADVERTISING.
A store window library exhibit. Pub. Libs.,
January, 1913. p. 4-7.
A description of an exhibit made by the
Holyoke (Mass.) Public Library in one of the
leading stores last summer. All the books
were new, and were in roughly classified
groups. Care was taken to show plainly the
title of each volume, and a list of the books
on exhibition, with a few others, was printed
for distribution inside the store. A number
of placards were displayed, setting forth the
uses and benefits of the public library.
ADVERTISING BOOKMARKS.
Bookmarks on such subjects as, After
school, what? Building a home. Caring for
baby, Eugenics, How to beautify your yard,
How to make your business pay, have been
printed and widely distributed by the Lansing
(Mich.) Public Library, helping in the circu-
lation of books on these subjects.
ADVERTISING POSTALS.
' The advertising feature which has been most
satisfactory in the Lansing (Mich.) Public Li-
brary has been the printing of postal cards
with blank space to write in the name of the
author and the title of books added to the
library. These have been sent each week to
persons interested in the subject of the book,
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[February,
166
especially to those not regular patrons of the
library.
COOPERATION FROM MINISTERS.
The ministerial association of Decatur, 111.,
has purchased about sixty new books for the
ublic library. The books cover a wide range
ifWDJects of special interest to ministers, mis-
sionary societies and Bible study classes^ as
wSl as being an addition to the religious books
in the reference department.
Library Support. Funds
"iCd*^-! of Tulsa, Okla, carried on
a "penny canvass" lasting one day to raise
moneTfor the library book fund. The city
was divided into forty districts, which were
systematically canvassed by club members All
nSoeV raised from the schools will be kept
»eo«rate and used exclusively for books t
young people. About $450 in all was received.
When the basketball team at Batesville, Ind.,
closed its season it had funds on hand, and
the money purchased books for the pub-
hrary of the town.
Library Buildings
Design. Plans, Construction
• , . • "•
A description of the new Liberty Square
branch library at Elizabeth, N. J , illustratec
with two floor plans and one full-page pic-
rinted in the December number of
Public Libraries. The full-page illustration
shows a new method of oversight. The chil-
dren's room is in the basement, and is con-
nected with the main floor by a stairway.
Near the charging desk on the main floor is
an open well protected on three sides by low
book cases and a plate glass screen, which
screen extends to the floor on the fourth side.
Opposite to it. on the facia of the wall, is a
mirror to reflect that portion of the children's
room not directly visible from the charging
counter.
Reading Room*
. R READING ROOMS.
.v in progress at the Louis-
c Public Library. The newspaper
i. which has been situated in the basement,
will be enlarged and located on the second
floor of newspaper
racks, on which will be placed all' Louisville
! the Cincinnati Enquirer, will
be observed. All the Louisville papers will be
attendants and indexed. The new roomwi 11
be called the "Newspaper. Civics and Muni-
cipal Reference Library Room.
Government and Service
Governing Board
problem and the trustees' re-
sponsibility. Mrs. C. C. Loomis. Iowa Lib.
Qucir., O.-N.-D., 1913- P- 49-52.
President's address at the meeting of th<
Iowa Library Association in Sioux City, Oct.,
1013 The library situation has evolved itseli
into a trustees' problem and the trustees seem
to be very far from ready to begin the s
tion There are over one thousand trustees
in Iowa. The one hundred and fourteen libra-
ries represent a money investment of over
$2,600,000, and carry an annual income of aj
proximately $300,000 to be expended. The
are two sets of persons between the lit
ries and their patrons— city councils and trus
tees. If city councils through ignorance some-
times hinder library progress, isn't it the trus-
tees' business to see that they are educated
along library lines?
When the last general assembly passed an
amendment to the old law raising the maxi-
mum levy possible from two and three mills
to five mills in all towns, irrespective of size,
many boards of trustees heard the news with-
out enthusiasm. Many thought they had
enough under the old law and others even
had money on deposit, though they couldn'
keep their buildings open evenings on account
of expense! In the near future the state 1
brary commissioners may be asked to create
a new office, that of instructor for library trus-
February, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
I67
tees. There is room for enlightenment so
long as there are trustees who believe that in-
come money is to be kept on deposit; so long
as they have "income enough" and yet pay a
librarian $25 a month.
TRUSTEES — MEETINGS.
An innovation in library board meetings.
Wis. Lib. Bull, O., 1913, P- *77-
The board of trustees of Cedarburg Public
Library tried the plan of holding an open
meeting Oct. 14, which was widely advertised
in advance. Besides the usual reports an ad-
dress was given by Miss Lutie Stearns on
"The place of the library in community life."
Renmneratian, (Salaries, Pensions
LIBRARY PENSIONS.
The city council of Omaha has approved
an ordinance establishing a pension system
for city library employes. The pensions are
granted under authority of an act of the last
legislature, which follows closely the school
pension system. Library employes may be
assessed not to exceed ij^ per cent, of their
salary, to which the city is to add a sum at
least one and one-half times this amount.
The fund may also be increased by private
donations or bequests. Any person who has
been in library work thirty-five years, twenty
of which have been in the Omaha Public Li-
brary, may be pensioned at the rate of $420
per annum. Any person who has served forty
years, twenty of which have been in Omaha,
shall be retired on a pension.
Rules for Readers
Days of Opening
SUNDAY OPENING.
The library board of Davenport, Iowa, has
decided to extend the Sunday hours and hence-
forth the library will be open from 2 to 6.
The same hours were kept on Christmas day.
Administration
General Executive
PRESERVATION OF HISTORICAL MATERIAL.
The Indiana historical survey. Logan Esa-
rey. Lib. Occurrent, D., 1913. p. 142-146.
While the West is taking the lead in many
ways, in political development, in authorship,
in social welfare, and in the production of
wealth, historically it is but a footnote to New
England. In a sense there is no history of
the United States outside of New England;
not because the men of the West have made
no history, but because it has not been pre-
served, or if preserved, it has not been gath-
ered together. The task of bringing the West
to a par with the East in this regard is enor-
mous, and in this work the library is asked
to cooperate. The trouble with the ordinary
historical society is that it has neither home
nor funds. It is within the power of the libra-
rians of the state to supply them with both.
Every library should preserve all original of-
ficial reports, papers and records of local gov-
ernment not expressly provided for otherwise.
In any case copies of all printed reports should
be filed. The instance is cited of the sale by
the janitor of one of the largest colleges of
the state, of two wagon loads of newspapers
to a furniture dealer for wrapping paper.
These papers were the almost complete file
(and the only one in existence) covering 30
years, of what had been the leading paper of
the county. Almost at the same time, the li-
brary bought a carload of French archives,
beautifully bound in red leather.
The Indiana Survey's first and most impor-
tant work is the preservation of material. In
addition, it plans a publication on the "Ar-
chives of the state" — the leading state papers,
reports, proclamations, platforms, and statis-
tics, and a history of the people as expressed
in their daily activities. In this connection it
is expected to make a record of every church
ever organized in the state ; of every school,
academy, college, etc. ; of farming, transporta-
tion, banking, mining, and all other leading
forms of activity. From this material accu-
rate histories of Indiana may be written which
will replace the unreliable ones of the present
time.
On planning a printed catalog of local
literature. Basil Anderton. Lib. Assn. Rec-
ord, N., 1913. p. 542-552.
In planning a printed catalog of local liter-
ature much depends on the amount of ma-
terial to be dealt with, and also on the
amount of money to be spent. This
paper deals with towns of moderate size,
whose publications are usually of local, rather
than general interest. In such towns interest
centers most upon the men and women who
have written the books. Consequently, it is
best to make the author-list most complete and
curtail entries in the subject-list. The most
important divisions of the subject-list are
usually those dealing with local history, topo-
graphy, antiquities, and dialect, and in certain
localities, special industries. History and de-
scription will probably be classed together.
K-8
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[February, 1914
Treatment of views, photographs, etc., will
vary considerably, depending on the amoun
of material and the way in which it is kept.
Full treatment can seldom be given. Maps
can usually be listed separately. Heraldry and
genealogy need careful treatment unless a
heraldry catalog already exists. For portraits
a complete alphabetical list placed in the bio-
graphical section is recommended. Bookplates
should be listed alphabetically under the own-
ers' names- In the case of book-illustrators,
whose work is scattered through books with-
out other local interest, it is inadvisable to at-
tempt a complete inventory. If not only illus-
trators, but also authors and subject matter
are of local interest, a list of the volumes will
be interesting. In most towns an alphabetical
list of publishers or printers is desirable. A
list of all books in the vernacular will be use-
ful to philologists and to many general read-
er§ as well. Is an index necessary to such a
catalog? To make a full one is a laborious
business, and of doubtful advantage. A con-
spectus of the classification of the subject-list
might be given, together with an alphabetical
statement of all headings actually used, and a
ndex to books mentioned in the author-
list might be a valuable adjunct to the cata-
log.
PICTURES, LIBRARY USE OF.
An important feature of the work of the
Boston Public Library is set forth in the an-
ent that to supplement the material
provided by the fine arts department of the
mitral library, there have been formed at
the branches collections of inexpensive pic-
tures likely to be of use to teachers in their
... These pictures are chiefly representa-
tions of birds or animals, or are related to
geography, including political history, folk
he industrial arts. They consist of
plates cut from periodicals or condemned
books, mounted post -cards, Perry pictures, and
other inexpensive reproductions. Some of
them arc colored. The pictures are lent free-
ly to the teachers in the public schools of the
city and to clubs. Over 42,000 were circu-
lated last year. Pictures may be drawn from
a distant branch, as well as from the one
nearest to the school or club.
I j»>r.iri«-s and similar organizations in the
New England states which desire to have fre-
quent exhibitions of pictures for educational
purposes can arrange for this by becoming
•nemUers of the Library Art Club. It costs
$5 to join, and the yearly dues are $6. In re-
turn each library or other organization belong-
ing is provided with twelve or more sets of
pictures yearly, each set being allowed to re
main at a place three weeks, less the time of
travel. The club now owns more than 7000
pictures on art, architecture, history, biog-
raphy, landscape, natural history, manufac-
ture, and other subjects, and when desired a
set will be sent for a trial exhibition free of
charge, except expenses of transportation.
Further information may be obtained from
the president, Miss Alice G. Chandler, of Lan-
caster, Mass.
The Thomas Hughes room for young people
in the Chicago public library has a circulating
collection of pictures obtained from duplicate
magazines, books and other sources These are
mounted on cardboard and are used by teach-
ers' clubs and others who wish illustrative ma-
terial. The pictures are charged on any one
of a reader's cards, in addition to the books
he may wish to take, and are loaned for two
weeks, with the privilege of renewal.
PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORD FILES— LOCAL.
The first exhibition illustrative of the new
photographic survey record of Norfolk and
Norwich (England) was held in the new gal-
lery of the public library the first two weeks
of December. Last January a committee con-
Ming of members of the Norwich Public
Library Committee and representatives of lo-
cal scientific and photographic societies, with
Mr. G. A. Stephen, the city librarian, as sec-
retary, was formed to inaugurate this photo-
graphic survey record. In eleven months near-
ly 1500 photographs had been brought to-
gether at the library. Selections from them,
grouped under the headings Bygone Norfolk
and Norwich, Architecture, Antiquities, An-
thropology, Art, Industries, Biography, Passing
events, Geology, Zoology, and Botany formed
the first exhibition. There were also exhibited
about seventy-five photographs by members of
the Norwich and District Photographic So-
ciety, in a competition for a silver cup offered
for the best set of local record photographs.
Accession
PURCHASING BOOKS.
The librarian and the book store. John Hall
Wheelock. Pub. Libs., January, 1914. p. 7-9-
A description of the new store of Charles
Scribners' Sons in New York City, which all
library school classes in the vicinity visit as
a part of their school work. On counters in
the center of the store are ranged the books,
each one devoted to some one broad subject,
with subdivisions into special groups. In this
February, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
169
way books on the problems of the day, travel,
art, nature, religion, juveniles, fiction, belles-
lettres, and standard sets are shown.
In the galleries another arrangement is
made. A representative stock of all the chief
American publishers is displayed, arranged un-
der the publisher's name alphabetically accord-
ing to author. An order card is in each vol-
ume, so that upon its removal from the shelf
the card may be issued and the stock kept up
with the least possible waste of time.
In the rear of the store a picture gallery
shows the originals of the illustrations used
in the firm's publications, and here books in
fine bindings, foreign as well as American,
are also displayed.
FREE MATERIAL.
Material on geography which may be ob-
tained free or at small cost. Mary J. Booth.
Journal of Geography, Ja., 1914, p. 129-151.
Publications of this description are usually
well illustrated pamphlets and come from sev-
eral sources — the United States government,
state governments, railroads, steamship lines,
manufacturing firms and chambers of com-
merce of cities and .towns. Instructions are
given as to the proper places and persons to
address to procure such material and an ex-
tended list of titles follows under a geogra-
phical arrangement. There are also short sup-
plementary lists on industries and commercial
products, and miscellaneous items.
CENSORSHIP.
The taboos of the British Museum Library.
E. S. P. Haynes. Eng. Rev., D., 1913. p. 123-
134-
There are three classes of books which ar«
not mentioned in any way in the general cata-
log, and are, therefore, inaccessible to the pub-
lic. They are books "subversive of the throne,
of religion, and of propriety" (the latter includ-
ing many standard works on hygiene), which,
although their existence in the library is ad-
mitted, are recorded if at all, only in a special
catalog. An extended correspondence, quoted
at some length, was carried on with the keeper
of printed books in an erfort to find out what
the necessary procedure might be in order to
gain access to these books, and on what basis
their selection was conducted. The situation
as disclosed in this correspondence may be
summed up in the following points: (i) A
private department does exist ; (2) out of all
possible books in these three classes, only some
are condemned, the principle of selection seem-
ing very indefinite; (3) such books so buried
disappear, for, if any catalog of the "private
case" exists, all access to it is denied ; (4) the
books "may be had on special application" but
since no information on how to apply, where
to apply, or what to apply for, could be ob-
tained, the permission is of no value.
This whole policy of restriction is distaste-
ful to the writer. He maintains that as all
readers in the British Museum Library must
be adult, and must be certified by a respon-
sible person, it may safely be assumed they
are there for serious work, which should not
be limited or curtailed by a narrow-minded
policy of restriction.
One quaint result of the policy is noted in
the case of many books on hygiene, which are
tabooed in English, while the complete work
is admitted in German either as an original
or as a translation. The general opinion is
that every book in the library should be en-
tered in the general catalog, under author at
least, and a long extract from the report of
the Library of Congress procedure is made in
support of the contention.
The rejected book. Pub. Libs. D., 1913.
P. 431.
Editorial. There is no reason why the pub-
lic library should purchase questionable books
to please a few people, when it is so difficult
to find sufficient money to buy all the material
needed by serious students, public school pu-
pils and occupational investigators. Librarians
may sometimes fail as literary censors and ex-
clude what should have been admitted, but
such a mistake, when recognized, can always
be rectified.
Catalog
CATALOGING CODES.
Cataloging codes. Part II. Maurice H. B.
Mash. The Librarian, D., 1913. p. 155-158.
A continuation of the comparison of rules
governing author and authorship heading as
embodied in the Anglo-American code and
Cutter rules. Comparison is made of the rules
for architects, music, commentaries, concord-
ances, revisions, table talk and interviews,
translations, compound surnames, princes of
the blood and sovereigns, and noblemen.
Cataloging codes. Part III. Maurice H. B.
Mash. The Librarian, J., 1914. p. 195-109.
Continues further the comparison of the
Anglo-American code with the Cutter rules
dealing with author and authorship headings.
Rules governing the treatment of pseudonyms,
changes of name by married women, ancient
Greek and Latin authors, corporate bodies as
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[February, 1914
authors, and anonymous authors, are com-
pared. and a brief discussion is given of the
mode of entry for almanacs, year
etc.. and extracts from periodicals.
DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION (DEWEY'S).
Suggested rearrangement of the Dewey
classes 100 and aoo. J. E. Walker. Lib.
World, D., I9U P 163-165.
A rearrangement in accordance with the
writer's ideas of the main divisions of phil-
osophy and religion. Taking as a basis for
thr rearrangement, the process of the devel-
opment of the human mind, the writer pro-
ceeds to reconstruct the class Philosophy in
the following order: Philosophy (in general),
ancient philosophers, modern philosophers,
mind and body— anthropology, mental facul-
ties—psychology, logic— dialectics, metaphy-
sics, ethics. This carries one in a logical man-
ner to the cognate class, Religion. In this
class the only change suggested is the trans-
fer of "ethnic — non-Christian" religions from
the end to a place immediately after Religion
(in general).
Department
BOOK DfUVEKY.
The public library of Wilmington, DeU
proposes to deliver books by messenger to
those who call for them by telephone, the
cost of delivery to be met by the borrower.
The library has entered into an arrange-
ment with the Western Union Telegraph Com-
pany to deliver all books called for at an ex-
pense of only five cents a volume.
In order that all persons may be treated
alike, thr following rules have been adopted:
t ! will be charged for each vol-
ume delivered, except in cases where two vol-
umes belong to the same work.
2. One volume (or work) for each volume
delivered may be returned to the library when
book* are delivered, without extra charge.
\ ke.vler* hould give several titles wlu-n
r books, so that they may not be
-d in case one or more are not in
led for are in. a notice to
fleet will be «etu to reach the applicant
in the afternoon mail, provided the requ<
<\ brforr
will he sent when
"arced, provided the
one already in the hand- of the borrower is
»»y the nv
! •> will be made. Ap-
plications for books should be in the hands
of library assistants not later than noon to
allow time for looking up books.
Shelf Department
SHELF DEPARTMENT WORK.
Persons about to install new libraries, or
those who find their books in bad condition,
will be interested in the advice recently of-
fered on this subject by a French authority,
Glass cases should be avoided, except for a
few precious volumes which are specially
looked after and frequently dusted, since the
confined atmosphere and lack of air circula-
tion in such bookcases is favorable to the de-
velopment of germs, insects and mold. Sec-
ondly, the simple precaution should be taken
of placing on the shelves behind the books
strips of cloth or flannel, moistened with ben-
zine, phenol, tobacco juice or turpentine. These
strips give excellent decay-preventing results
if renewed from time to time and insure the
preservation of the books and protect the li-
brary for all time.
Libraries on Special Subjects
BUSINESS LIBRARIES.
The library — a business man's means for de-
veloping his employes. Orpha Zoe Massey.
Spec. Libs., D., 1913. p. 100-191.
The Retail Credit Co. of Atlanta, Ga., is a
national organization with 150 employes, mak-
ing commercial reports on individuals. Mr.
Massey, the librarian, outlines the company's
plan of helping its employes, through its li-
brary, to increase their ability for work.
The librarian is supplied with data as to
each employe's special work and needs, and
he selects the books for each reader with ref-
erence to such needs, sending with each book
a memorandum of special points to be noted.
On the back of this memorandum card are
some questions for the reader to answer re-
garding what he considers the most helpful
ideas in the book, and what ones he is putting
into practice. These comment cards are saved
and give a good idea of the nature and scope
of the book.
To carry out the details of the work four
3x5 cards are used, (i) A permanent inven-
tory card for each book ; (2) a book card for
each book, used as a record showing whether
the hook is in circulation or not; (3) a read-
er's card on which is listed each book he reads
and the date sent; (4) the criticism or com-
ment card sent out with each book. No en-
tries arc made in symbols as the data must
be available and intelligible to anyone.
February, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
General Libraries
For Special Classes
BLIND, WORK WITH THE.
A manuscript catalog of all books for the
blind (so far as known) which exist in Braille
in the United Kingdom has recently been com-
pleted and will be kept at the National Lend-
ing Library for the Blind, 125 Queen's Road,
Bayswater, London, W. Work on the catalog
has been wholly voluntary, and it now fills
twenty-seven volumes. Location, owner, date
of transcription and edition are recorded, and
all those who have permanent collections to
which they make additions are requested to
communicate the same to the secretary of the
library, which acts as a voluntary clearing-
house for the Federation of Libraries for the
Blind.
Reading and Aids
W«wk with Children
CHILDREN, WORK WITH.
Books for the young people's shelf. Sophie
M. Collman. Pub. Libs., D., 1913. p. 420-426.
Paper read before the Ohio Library Associa-
tion, Oct. 10, 1913. Discusses a list of fifteen
books forming part of a collection which has
for some years been used in Cincinnati in
work with the young people who have out-
grown the children's room. These books are
not "classics," but wholesome stories which
will amuse and please without creating false
and misleading views of life.
Literary Methods
Library Appliances
LIBRARY SUPPLIES.
Library supplies. Frederick Warren Jenk-
ins. Pub. Libs., D., 1913. p. 432-434.
The Russell Sage Foundation Library in
New York has been reclassified and recata-
loged during the past year and a half. Dur-
ing that time many methods have been tried
out, and many experiments made. The con-
clusions reached are described in this article,
and cover the subjects of classification, labels,
cards, typewriters, pens, ink and varnish.
DUPLICATING METHODS.
Duplicating processes. Part II. The Libra-
rian, D., 1913. p. 159-161.
Adapted from an article by H. S. McCor-
mack in the Scientific American. Describes
the development of various devices for repro-
ducing in large or small quantities letters writ-
ten on the typewriter. Duplicating machines
for reproducing plans or drawings and signa-
tures are also mentioned, and attention is
called to the need, still unprovided for, of
some simple device which will enable a busi-
ness house to secure from one to six copies
of its statistical reports, record sheets, etc.
Also for a device to reproduce quickly corre-
spondence received, of which the original must
remain in the office.
.iBtblioorapbical -Notes
UNDER the heading "Current heating and
ventilating literature" the Heating and Venti-
latiiif/ Magazine publishes each month an
index of the important magazine articles which
have appeared on the subjects of heating and
ventilation.
AN 83-page pamphlet entitled "Social forces'*
has been issued by the Education committee of
the Wisconsin Woman's Suffrage Association.
The contents have been separated into three
main divisions. First, a list of one-day pro-
grams on civic and social topics, designed for
clubs which give only one day each month
or each season to such study. Second, an out-
line of some seventy or eighty topics, arranged
under ten general divisions, and covering mod-
ern governmental methods, industrial, educa-
tional and social problems, with bibliography
of books, magazine articles, and other material
under each topic. And third, suggestions for
the introduction into the public schools of in-
struction and training in citizenship and
morals.
THE paper entitled "Foreign literature in
translation," by Zora L. Shields, of the depart-
ment of English in the Omaha high school,
which was read before the Nebraska Library
Association at its meeting in Lincoln, Neb., in
October, 1912, has just been reprinted in
pamphlet form by the Omaha Public Library.
Jessie M. Towne's paper on "Stimulation to
reading for high school students," read at the
October, 1913, meeting of the same association
has also been issued in similar form.
THE John Crerar library of Chicago has is-
sued a i6-page handbook as a convenient
means of answering many questions in regard
to the history, present condition, and future
plans of the library. It is a revision and ex-
tension of a sketch first prepared by the libra-
rian in 1902, and contains sections on the
chronology of the library, its foundation, de-
IIL LIBRARY JOURNAL
[February, 1914
; mem, scope, administration, collections,
catalog), publications, and on the question of a
permanent building for the library.
A ELADixt; list for boys and girl*, in which
the book* arc correlated to tlu OOOTM «>f in-
struction in the graded school:., I. as just been
issued by the Queens Borough 1'nMic Library
of New York City. It is compiled by Miss
Harriot E. Hassler, chief of the children's de-
partment. Similar lists proved so popular and
useful at some of the branches, that the idea
was taken up systematically, carefully \\orkeii
oat. and the lists published. There are four
short lists of different titles for each grade.
Each list covers the grade and is complete in
itself. This arrangement has been followed
for many reasons: (i) Children take to a
short list more quickly. Even a slow .--nd re-
luctant reader will tackle a short list. The
weakest ambition can get through a few titles.
(a) The demand for the books at the library
is scattered over sixty titles from the begin-
ning instead of concentrated on the first tew
books on one long list. (3) Almost any child
can accomplish the reading of a short list of
books, and goes forward with a sense of
triumph instead of defeat, psychologically an
of the first importance to the child. The
ire embodied in the Rullftin of the Li-
brary, but the short lists for each grade have
been separately printed on slips of different
colors, without pledge, promise or advice of
any kind. Already many letters of approval
and appreciation have been received. Copies
have been sent to all the schools in the bor-
ough, and the lists are being distributed to the
children at the branch libraries in Queens.
•he pamphlet, "Seventy-five books of ad-
ire for boys and girls," which was pre-
pared by the children's department of the
land Publk Library, a new plan of anno-
tation was tried. Most of the notes are in
three paragraphs. The first paragraph is a
summary of the plot or scope of the
book, directed to the attention of the child;
'cond suggests to him additional read-
of similar interest; the third
iriTes information of interest to the parent or
This list of seventy-five books is an
ad'ar. of a long list with the same
plan of annotation, to be published later.
A BooKUtT of 83 pages, arranged by Florence
V Hnpki- „•! of the Detroit Central
School, is published under the title "Al-
rry high school student should
know." It contains about a thousand allu-
sions which intelligent people would be expect-
ed to recognize, and a number at the left of
each entry— as 9, 10, n, 12, or G [graduate]—
suggests at about what grade the allusion
should be recognized. Blank space has been
left for notes beside each allusion, and blank
pages for added allusions. The subject^ cov-
ered include philosophy, religion, mythology,
sociology, philology, science, useful arts, fine
arts, literature, and history.
RECENT BIBLIOGRAPHIES
GENERAL
CATALOGUE of the library of the Public Service Cor-
poration of New Jersey. Newark, 1913. 152 p. S.
CATALOGUE of the William Loring Andrews collection
of early books in the Library of Yale University.
.\Y\v Haven, Vale Univ. Tress, 1913. 56 p. Q.
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. Publications issued by the li-
brary since 1897. January, 1914. Washington,
Gov. Pr. Off, 1913. 46 p. D.
NOVES, Frederick K. Teaching material in govern-
ment publications. Washington, D. C., Gov Pr.
Off., 1913- 61 p. O.
KKPLBUJA DE CUBA: Camara de Representantes. Cat-
alogo de las obras que forman su biblioteca; scc-
ciones de hacienda publica, y de comercio y trans-
port e. Habana, 1913. unpaged. Q.
UNIVERSITY HIGH SCHOOL, Chicago, 111. A list of
books suited to a high school library. Washington,
D. C., Gov. Pr. Off., 1913. 104 p. O.
UPHAM, Warren, cemp. Minnesota state publications.
(In Bull, of the Minn. Pub. Lib. Comm., D., 1913.
p. 61-64-)
UTICA PUBLIC LIBRARY. Books for home reading. A
graded and annotated list based on the course of
study and recommended for use in the Utica pub-
lic schools. 4th ed. Utica, 1913. 41 p. D.
YON NOE, Adolph C., ed. The papers of the Bib-
liographical Society of America, v. 7, 1912-13, nos.
1-2. Chicago, Univ. of Chic., 1913. 72 p. fc°.
FOR SPECIAL CLASSES
CHURCH LIBRARIES. Church Library Assn. A list of
books recommended for Sunday-school and parish
libraries. Cambridge, Mass., 1913. 24 p. D.
GIRLS. Brooklyn Public Library. Books that girls
like. Brooklyn, 1914. 12 p. S.
SUBJECT BIBLIOGRAPHIES
ADVENTURE. Seventy-five books of adventure for boys
and girls. Prepared by the children's department
of the Cleveland Public Library. Cleveland, 1913-
12 p. obl. O.
ADVERTISING. Edgar, Alb. E. How to advertise a
retail store; including mail order advertising and
general advertising; a complete and comprehensive
manual for promoting publicity. 4th and enl ed.
Columbus, O., Advertising World, 1913. 12+15-
582 p. (9 p. bibl.) O.
— Hollingworth, Harry Levi. Advertising and sell-
ing; principles of appeal and response. New York,
Appleton, 1913. 12+313 p. (4 p. bibl.) D.
AMERICA— HISTORY. Griffin, Grace Gardner, comp.
A bibliography of books and articles on United
>tates and Canadian history published during the
year 1911, with some memoranda on other portions
of America. Washington, D. C , CGov. Pr. Off.,]
hfstor )P' 529"76l< °' (Writings on American
1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
173
ARCHITECTURE. Special reading list on mediaeval archi-
tecture and ecclesiology. (In Cardiff Libs.' Rev.,
N.-D., 1913. p. 78-81.)
ART. Griggs, E: Howard. The philosophy of art;
the meaning and relations of sculpture, painting,
poetry and music. New York, Huebsch, 1913-
347 p. (10 p. bibl.)
ASIA. Sud- und Ostasien, Sibirien. Frankfurt a. M.,
Joseph Baer & Co., 1913. 158 p. O. (Biblio-
theca Asiatica III.)
AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND. Dwyer, Bessie A.
Reading list on Australia and New Zealand. (In
Bull, of the Philippine Library, N., 1913. p. 48-49.)
BACTERIOLOGY. Moore, Veranus Alva, M.D., and
Fitch, Clifford P. Exercises in bacteriology and
diagnosis for veterinary students and practitioners.
New ed. Boston, Ginn & Co., 1914. 19+154 P-
(3 p. bibl.) D.
BEAUMONT, WILLIAM. Myer, Jessie . Shire, comp.
Life and letters of Dr. William Beaumont; includ-
ing hitherto unpublished data concerning the case
of Alexis St. Martin; with an introd. by Sir W:
Osier. St. Louis, C. V. Mosby, 1913. 9-25+31? P-
(4 p. bibl.) 8°.
BEEF. Scholl, Ernest E. Baby beef. Austin, Tex.,
[Tex. Dept. of Agric.,] 1913. 58 p. (5 p. bibl.)
8°. (Bulletin.)
BEKGSON, HENRI. Kitchin, Darcy B. Bergson for
beginners: a summary of his philosophy. New
York, Macmillan, 1913. 7+255 p. (bibl.) 12°.
BALLADS. A list of 305 English and Scottish bal-
lads. Special inquiry bulletin. Washington, D. C.,
Dept. of the Interior, Bu of Educ., 1913. p. 4-8.
O.
BIBLE. Barnes, C: Randall, ed. The people's Bible
encyclopedia, biographical, geographical, historical,
and doctrinal; with a supplement by Melvin G.
Kyle. Chicago, People's Pub Soc., 1913. 6+
1277+8 p. (5 p. bibl.) 8°.
Charles, Rob. H : Studies in the Apocalypse ;
being lectures delivered before the University of
London. New York, Scribner, 1913. 7+199 p.
(6 p. bibl.) O.
BIOLOGY. Kellicott, W: Erskine. Outlines of chor-
date development. New York, Holt, 1913. 5+
471 P. (bibls.) O.
BIRDS. Barrows, Wa. Bradford- Michigan bird life;
a list of all the bird species known to occur in the
state; together with an outline of their classifica-
tion and an account of the life history of each
species; with special reference to its relation to
agriculture. [Lansing, Mich.,] Mich. Agricultural
Coll-, 1913. 14+822 p. (19 p. bibl.) 8°.
Sage, J: Hall, and others. The birds of Con-
necticut. Hartford, Ct, Ct. Geological and Natural
History Survey, 1913. 370 p. (37 p. bibl.) O.
(State Geological and Natural History Survey bull.)
BOYS AND GIRLS. Forbush, W: Byron. The govern-
ment of adolescent young people; prepared in con-
sultation with many authorities upon this subject.
Philadelphia, Am. Inst. of Child Life, 1913. 25 p.
(3 p. bibl.) 8°. (Monograph of the Am. Inst. of
Child Life.)
Jenks, Jeremiah Whipple. Personal problems of
boys who work. New York, Assnj. Press, 1913.
143 P. (18 p. bibl.) S.
BUILDING. List of books on building and building
materials in the Mechanics' Mercantile Library.
San Francisco, 1913. 10 p. O.
CANADA. Goodrich, Jos. King. The coming Canada.
Chicapo McClurg, 1913. 10+309 p. (4 P- bibl.)
D. (World to-day ser.)
CATHEDRALS. Arcambeau, Edme. The cathedrals of
France; 180 photographs; with short notes. In 3 v.
New York, Stokes, 1913. 90; 92; 92 p. (3 p. bibl.)
CHARITIES. Johnson, Alexander, comp. Cumulative
index of the proceedings of the national conference
of charities and correction, v. 34-38. Fort Wayne,
Tnd., National Conference of Charities and Correc-
tion, 1913. 70 p.
CHILD LABOR. Clopper, Edward Nicolas. Child labor
in city streets. New York, Macmillan, 1912. 9+
280 p. (9 p. bibl.) 12°.
CHINA. Goodrich, Jos. King. Our neighbors; the
Chinese. Chicago, Browne & Ho well, 1913. 279 p.
(6# p. bibl.) S. (Our neighbors ser.)
CHRISTIANITY. Garvie, Alfr. Ernest- A handbook
of Christian apologetics. New York, Scribner, 1913.
241 P. (3 P- bibl.) D. (Studies in theology.)
— King W: Leslie, D.D. Investment and achieve-
ment; a study in Christian progress. New York,
Meth. Bk. Concern, 1913. 349 p. (3 p. bibl.) O-
CHRISTMAS. Christmas references. Connecticut Pub
lie Library document, no. 3 — 1913. [Hartford,]
1913. ii p. O.
COLORADO — GEOLPGY. Butters, R. M. Permian or
"permo-carboniferous" of the eastern foothills of
the Rocky Mountains in Colorado. Denver, Colo.,
Smith-Brooks Pr. Co., 1913. 65-101 p. (3 p. bibl.)
8°. (Colorado. Geological Survey bull.)
COMMISSION GOVERNMENT. A reading list on commis-
sion government. Kansas City, Mo., Kansas City
Public Library, 1913. no paging. S.
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW. Recent constitutional decisions
of importance. (In Spec. Libs., D., 1913. p. 193-
I95-)
CONSUMERS' LEAGUE. Consumers' League of City of
New York. Bibliography of books and publica-
tions pertinent to the work of the league, and to
child labor. (In Report for 1912. p. 50-52.)
COOPERATION. Ford, James. Cooperation in New
England; urban and rural. New York, Survey
Associates, 1913. 21+237 p. (3 p. bibl.) 8°.
(Russell Sage Foundation pub.)
- Powell, George Harold. Co-operation in agri-
culture. New York, Macmillan, 1913. 15+327 p.
(8 p. bibl.) 12°. (Rural science ser.)
Sinclair, J: F. Report upon co-operation, and
marketing; pt. i, Agricultural co-operation; pt. 3,
Municipal markets; pt. 4, Distributive or store co-
operation. Madison, Wis., Democrat Pr. Co., 1912.
!32; 59; 40 p. (11; 6; 3^ p. bibl.) O. (Wis.
State Bd. of Public Affairs advance sheets.)
COUNTRY LIFE. Brooks. Eug. Clyde. Agriculture and
rural life day; material for its observance. Wash-
ington, D. C., Gov. Pr. Off., 1913. 77 p. (4 p.
bibl.) 8°. (U. S. Bu. of Educ., bulletin, 1913-
no. 43, whole no. 553-)
Rowe, Henry K. Select bibliography on the
rural church and country life. Philadelphia, Amer-
ican Baptist Pub. Co. 16 p. (Bull. no. 10.)
CREIGHTON, MANDELL. Creighton, Louise von Glehn,
ed. Life and letters of Mandell Creighton, by his
wife. 2 v. in one. [New ed.] New York, Long-
mans, 1913. 12+534 p. (6 p. bibl.) O.
CURRENCY. U. S. Library of Congress. Select list
of references on the monetary question. Washing-
ton, D. C., Library of Congress, 1913- 247 p.
DAUBBEE, G.-A. Regnier, Adolphe. Inventaire som-
maire de la correspondance de G.-A. Daubree con-
servee a la Bibliotheque de 1'Institut. Premier ar-
ticle. (In Revue des Bibliotheque s, Ap.-Je., 1913-
p. 202-232. O.)
DEBATING. Miller, Marion Mills, ed. Great debates
in American history, from the debates in the British
Parliament on the colonial Stamp act (1764-1765) to
the debates in Congress at the close of the Taft
administration (1912-1913). 14 v. [The national
ed.] New York, Current Lit. Pub., 1913. (10 p.
bibl.) 8C.
DRAMA. Flewelling, Ralph Tyler. Christ and the
dramas of doubt; studies in the problems of evil.
THK LIBRARY JOURNAL
New York. Eaton ft Mains. 1913
b»l> D.
Frank. Mary. Selected bibliography for the study
•he history, criticism and technique of the drama.
New York. Jou. 8 p. S.
Palmer. I: The comedy of manners New
York, MacmiUan. 1913. 7+3o8 P. (bibl.) 8V
Plays in the Louisville <Ky.) Free Publ<
brary endorsed by the Drama League of America.
witfc some additional titles of modern dramas.
Louisville. 1914- 18 p. S.
ErovoMics. Bollcck. C: Jesse Introduction to the
»tudy of economics. 4th ed . rev. and enl. New
York. Silver. Burd«tt & Co. 1913. 621 p. (18 p.
bibl)
• :IOK. Pro-- <m,i Hamilton, W. 1.
TVe teacher and old age. Boston. Houghton Mif-
nn. i9tj. 1 1 -4-140 p. (13% p. bibl.) S. (River-
aide educational monographs.)
MEASUREMENTS, Free Public Library of
Newark. List of Istest and best books on electrical
measuremrnts and induction coils. (In The Ntu--
ertrr. Ag.. 1913. p. 359.)
CvGJNEsaiNc. Trautwine, J: Cresson. The civil en-
grocer's pocket-book. i9th ed. Philadelphia, Traut.
»mr Co.. 1909 1257 p. (20 p. bibl.) S.
ENGLAND— HISTORY. Gill. Conrad. The naval mu-
tinies of 1797. New York. Longmans. 1913. 19+
411 p. (4j4 P bibl.) O. (Univ. of Manchester
pub*., historical ser.)
— Oman. ( : \V Chadwick, ed. History of Eng-
land. In 7 v. v. 7. England since Waterloo, by
[: Arth. Ransome Marriott; with 10 maps. New
York. Putnam. 1913. 21+558 p. (5 p. bibl.) O.
• Carpenter, G: Rice, and others.
The teaching of English in the elementary and the
secondary school. New ed. New York, Longmans,
ion. 386 p (28 p. bibl.) O. (Am. teachers ser.)
E*CU»M LITERATURE— HUMOR. McKnight. G: Harley.
ddlc English humorous tales in verse. Boston,
Hr«th. iQij. 25+156 p. (12 p. bibl.) 24°. (Belles-
Irttres ser.. section 2. Middle Eng. Lit.)
KSFERANTO. Budapest Public Library. L' Esperanto
rt les mterets des Miteurs. [Budapest?] 1913. 6 p.
?— HISTORY. Richardson. Ernest Cushing.
o<*P A union list of collections on European
bistorv in American libraries. Washington. DC.,
ncan Historical Assn., 1912. 114 p.
xfRs Books about foreigners.
Mass.. City Library. 1913. 7 p. Q.
S'-RMERCKD Reid, Clement. Submerged
New Vork Putnam, 1913. I29 p (3 p.
(Cambridge manuals of science and
Springfield.
literature)
F<i!TiTtv" "Rl0> Andr*
1<>«>ch furniture. [New
p- <6 p
j. Material on K>"KI <>)'".''
"/'"'/- w wHuncu free or at small cost. (In
of Geography. Ja., 1914. p. 129-151.)
***•.. Sul]d<rland (K|1R-' !>nhlic '
aing- Hat on modern Germany. Sumh-rlaml.
KOg.. 1914. 8 p. 'i
C*Ai»c«R MOVEMENT. Buck. Solon Justus. The
•an»er movement; .i«ricultural organ-
its political, economic and social mani-
gwoog, 1870-1880. Cambridge. Mass.. Harvard
"••I 3- "+384 p. (39 p. bibl) 8° (Har-
vard hut studies.)
Hrrcn HETCRY I-ROJECT. United States. Engineer
Dept. Hetch Hetchy Valley; report of advisory
board of army engineers to the secretary of the
n investigations relative to sources of
water supply for San Francisco and Bay communi-
bruary 19. 1913. Washington. I) •
^ff , 1913. 146 p. (3 P. bibl.) 8«.
. Cotton. H. A. Some problems in the
-tmlv of heredity in mental diseases. Eugenics
Record Off- (In Bull. no. 8, August, 1912. p. 43-
59.)
HISTORY, ANCIENT. West, Willis Mason. The an-
cient world, from the earliest times to 800 A.D.
Rev. ed. Boston, Allyn & Bacon, 1913. 667 p
(5 p. bibl.) 12°. (Allyn & Bacons ser. of school
histories.)
HOLY GBAIL. Weston, Jessie Laidley. The quest of
the Holy Grail. New York, Macmillan, 1913. 10+
16.' p. (bibl.) 12°. (Quest ser.)
HOOKWORM DISEASE. Florida. Board of Health.
Hookworm disease; a handbook of information for
all who aie interested; prepared under the direc-
tion of the State Board of Health of Florida by Dr.
Hiram Byrd. 2d ed. De Land, Fla., E. O. Painter
Pr Co., 1913. 70 p. (ii P- bibl.) 8°. (Publica-
tion 104.)
IMMORAL LITERATURE, CAMPAIGN AGAINST. Budapest
Public Library. Lutte contre la mauvaise litterature.
[Budapest?] 1913- S P-
INDIAN WARFARE. Beede, Rev. Aaron McGaffey. Sit
ting Bull — Custer. Bismarck, N. D., Bismarck
Tribune Co., 1913- 6+50 p. (3 p. bibl.) O.
INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION. Beckwith, Holmes. German
industrial education and its lesson for the United
States. Washington, D C., U. S. Bureau of Edu-
cation, 1913- 154 P- (3 P. bibl.) 8°. (Bull., 1913.
no. 19; whole no. 529.)
Evans. Henry R., comp. Bibliography of indus-
trial, vocational and trade education. Washington,
D. C., U. S. Bureau of Education, 1913. 92 p.
(Bull. 1913, no. 22; whole no. 532.)
INITIATIVE AND REFERENDUM. Eaton, Allen Hender-
shott. Oregon system; the story of direct legisla-
tion in Oregon. Chicago, A. C. McClurg, 1912.
9+195 P- (7 P- bibl.) 12°.
INSURANCE. Rubinow, I: Max. Social insurance;
with special reference to American conditions. New
York, Holt, 1913- 3+525 P- (3% P- bibl.) O.
Select bibliography on social insurance. (In
Amer. Labor Legislation Review, June, 1913. 6 p.)
FRISH LITERATURE. National Library of Ireland. Bib-
liography of Irish philology and of printed Irish
literature. Dublin, Brown & Nolan, Ltd., 1913.
xii, 307 p. O.
[IRRIGATION. Gifford, G: Hartwell. List of references
to publications relating to irrigation, in the public
librarv of New South Wales. Sydney, 1913. 32 P-
O.
JI:WISH RELIGION. Short bibliographies on special
phases of the Jewish religion. (In Program of
work, 1911-1914, for Council of Jewish Women.)
LITERATURE. Portor, Laura Spencer. The greatest
books in the world; interpretive studies, with lists
of collateral reading helpful to the study of great
literature. Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1913. 14+
295 p. (20 p. bibl.) D.
LOGGING. Bryant, Ralph Clement. Logging; the
principles and general methods of operation in the
United States. New York, Wiley, 1913. 18+
590 p. (12 p. bibl.) 8°.
LORD, NATHANIEL WRIGHT. Ohio State University.
Columbus. Nathaniel Wright Lord; a memorial.
Columbus, [The Univ.,] 1913. 70 p. (4 p. bibl.) 8°.
MAETERLINCK, MAURICE. Bithell, Jethro. Life and
writings of Maurice Maeterlinck. New York, Scrib-
ner, 1913. 16+198 p. (25 p. bibl.) O. (Great
writers ser.)
MATERIA MEDICA. Motter, Murray Gait, and Wilbert.
Martin I. Digest of comments on The pharma-
copoeia of the United States of America [eighth
decennial revision] and on the National formulary
[third rdition] for the calendar year ending Decem-
ber 31, 1911. Washington, D. C., Gov. Pr. Off.,
February, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
175
1913- 683 p. (7 P- bibl.) 8°. (U. S. Treasury
Dept, Public Health Service Hygienic Laboratory,
bull. no. 87.)
MAXIMILIAN. Hare, Christopher, pseud. Maximilian,
the dreamer- Holy Roman Emperor, 1459-1519-
New York, Scribner, 1913. 21+310 p. (4 p. bibl.)
O.
MEDICAL INSPECTION. United States. Bureau of Edu-
cation. Annotated bibliography of medical inspec-
tion and health supervision of school children fn
the U. S. for the years 1909-1912. Washington,
D. C., U. S. Bureau of Education, 1913. 136 p.
(Bull. 1913, no. 16; whole no. 524.)
METABOLISM. Paton, Diarmid Noel, ALD. The nerv-
ous and chemical regulators of metabolism. New
York, Macmillan, 1913. 10+217 p. (bibl.) 8°.
METEOROLOGY. Talman, C. Fitzhugh. Brief list of
meteorological textbooks and reference books; a
selection of works suitable for general, scientific
and university libraries in the United States. 3d
ed. Washington, D. C., Gov. Pr. Off., 1913. 22 p.
O.
MEXICO. Dwyer, Bessie A., comp. Reading list on
Mexico. (In Bulletin of the Philippine Library,
O., 1913. p. 28-29. Q-)
MIGRATION. Gadow, Hans Friedrich. The wander
ings of animals. New York, Putnam. 1913. 6+
IS° P- (3 P- bibl.) S. (Cambridge manuals of
science and literature.)
MINIMUM WAGE. Boyle, James. Minimum wage and
syndicalism. Cincinnati, Stewart & Kidd, 1913.
136 p. (2 p. bibl.) 12°.
Reely, Mary Katharine, comp. Selected articles
on minimum wage. [White Plains, N. Y.,] H. W.
Wilson Co., 1913-. 48 p. (5 p. bibl.) 12°. (Abridged
debaters' handbook ser.)
MINING. Glasgow, M. W., and others. First-aid in-
structions for miners. Washington, D. C., Gov. Pr.
Off., 1913- 66 p. (3 p. bibl.) 8°. (U. S. Bureau
of Mines; miners' cir. 8.)
MISSOURI — GEOGRAPHY, Emerson, F: Valentine.
Geography of Missouri. Columbia, Mo., Univ. of
Mo., 1912. 74 p. (7 p. bibl.) 8°. (Bull, educa-
tional ser.)
MONASTERIES. Thompson, Alex. Hamilton. English
monasteries. New York, 1913. 11 + 156 p. (6 p.
bibl.) S. (Cambridge manuals of science and lit-
erature.)
Music. Katalog 153. Alte und neuere Musik. Hand-
schriften, Autographen von Musikern. Musik-theo-
retische Werke, Kirchenmusik, Weltliche Musik,
Das Lied. Opern und Operntexte. Tanz. Bild-
liche Darstellungen. Miinchen, Ludwig Rosenthal,
1913. 208 p. O.
MUSKOX. Allen, Joel Asapb. Ontogenetic and other
variations in muskoxen, with a systematic review of
the muskox group, recent and extinct. New York,
Am. Museum of Natural History, 1913. 101-226 p.
(6 p. bibl.) (Memoirs of the American Museum
of
p. bb. (Memoirs of the
Natural History. New ser.)
MYSTICISM. Spurgeon, Caroline F. E. Mysticism in
English literature. New York, Putnam, 1913. 7+
168 p. (4 p. bibl.) S. (Cambridge ma'nuals of
science and literature.)
NEVADA — FAUNA. Taylor, Wa. Penn. Field notes on
amphibians, reptiles and birds of northern Hum-
boldt County, Nevada; with a discussion of some of
the faunal features of the region. Berkeley, Cal.,
Univ. of Cal., 1912. 319-436 p. (3 p. bibl.) 4°.
NEW ENGLAND — FAUNA AND FLORA. United States.
Dept. of Commerce. Bu. of Fisheries. A biolog-
ical survey of the waters of Woods Hole and vicin-
ity; by F. B. Sumner, and others. 2 v. Washing-
ton, D. C., Gov. Pr. Off. (bibls.) 8°. (Bulletin
3i, 1911-)
NEW ENGLAND — HISTORY. Bolton, C: Knowles. The
Elizabeth Whitman mystery at the old Bell Tavern
in Danvers; a study of "Eliza Wharton," tht
heroine of a famous New England romance. Pea-
body, Mass., Peabody Hist. Soc., 1913. various p.
(9 P. bibl.) 8'.
NEW YORK STATE — GEOLOGY. Ruedemann, Rudolf.
The Lower Siluric shales of the Mohawk Valley
Albany, N. Y., Univ. of the State of N. Y., 1911.
5-I5I P. (5 P- bibl.) 8°. (New York State Mu-
seum bull.)
NIAGARA FALLS. Haskell, D. C. A partial bibliog-
raphy of Niagara Falls. (In Report for 1912 of
New York state reservation at Niagara Falls, p.
49-98.)
NIGHTINGALE, FLORENCE. Cook, Sir E: The life of
Florence Nightingale. In 2 v. New York, Mac
millan, 1913. 3^+507; 14+510 p. (bibl.) 8°.
NORTON, CHARLES ELIOT. Norton, C: Eliot. Letter*
of Charles Eliot Norton; with biographical com-
ment by his daughter, Sara Norton and M. A. De
Wolfe Howe. 2 v. Boston, Houghton Mifflin,
1913- 6+514; 510 p. (5 p. bibl.) O.
NORWAY — EDUCATION. Anderson, D: Allen. The
school system of Norway. Boston, Badger, 1913-
232 p. (3% P. bibl.) D.
NUMISMATICS List of works in the New York Pub-
lic Library relating to numismatics. Part I. (In
Bull, of the New York Public Library, D., 1913-
p. 981-1049.)
OPEN AIR SCHOOLS. Kingsley, Sherman Culver. Open
air crusaders; the individuality of the child versus
the system; together with, a report of the Eliza-
beth McCcrmick Open Air Schools. Chicago, Eliza-
beth McCormick Memorial Fund, 1913. 128 p.
(4 p. bibl.) «•.
OPHTHALMOLOGY. Oatman, E: Leroy. Diagnostics ot
the fundus oculi; comprising one volume of text
and 2 portfolios containing 79 stereograms and 8
diagnostic cards. 3 v. Troy, N. Y., South worth
Co., 1913. (bibls.) 8°.
ORGAN MUSIC. Russell, John F., comp. List of com-
positions for the organ and harmonium in the Henry
Watson music library [of the Manchester (Eng.)
Public Libraries]. Manchester, 1913. 54 p. S.
(Music lists, no. 5.)
OTIS. HARRISON GRAY. Morrison, S: Eliot. The life
and letters of Harrison Gray Otis, Federalist, 1765-
1848. 2 v. Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1913. 15+
335; 8+328 p. (5 p. bibl.) O.
PANAMA CANAL. Phelps, Edith M., comp. Selected
articles on Panama Canal tolls. [White Plains,
N. Y.,] H. W. Wilson Co., 1913. 50 p. (5 P-
bibl.) 12°. (Abridged debaters' handbook ser.)
PERIODICALS. Langton, H. H., and Locke, G: H. A
joint catalogue of the periodicals, publications and
transactions of societies, and other books published
at intervals, to be found in the various libraries of
the city of Toronto. Toronto, Univ. Press, 1913-
H2 p. O.
PJTT, WILLIAM. Williams, Basil. The life of Wil-
liam Pitt, Earl of Chatham. In 2 v. New York,
Longmans, 1913. 10+408; 6+421 p. (17 p. bibl.)
O.
PHILIPPINE LANGUAGES. Artigas, Manuel, comp. List
of works in the Filipiniana Division [of the Philip-
pine Library] relating to the study of linguistics of
the Philippine Islands. Parts vn, vnr. (In
Bulletin of the Philippine Library, O.. N., 1913-
P- 35-36; 56. Q.)
PHILIPPINES. Teich, Emma L., comp. Selected ar-
ticles on independence for the Philippines White
Plains, N. Y., H. W. Wilson Co., 1913- 56 p.
(5 p. bibl.) D. (Abridged debaters' handbook
ser.)
PLANT DISEASES. Stevens, Fk. Lincoln. The fungi
which cause plant disease. New York. Macmillan,
1913- 9+754 P- (bibls.) 8°.
7 HI- LIBRARY JOURNAL
[February, 1914
BY. vi v«*%--» »y"rf* / ~
M»TIAL TMM. Painter, Stella E.. comf. Se-
en the six year presidential term.
\V. Wilson Co., i9»3-
>l.) D. (Abridged debaters* hand-
, ic CTiLiTiaa— VALUATION. Bibliography on valua-
tion of pubUc utilities. Reprinted from Transac-
SOBS of American Society of Civil Engineers, 1913
FUWTT or TM« raaas. A bibliography on subject of
' r of tbe press. (In Program of work, 1911
of Council of Jewish Women, p. 121-122.)
IICAL aiatARCH. Hyslop, Ja, Hervey. Psychical
rtsearcb and survival. New York, Macmillan, 1913-
ic+aoo p. (bibl.) it*. (Quest ser., ed. by G. R.
PSYCHOLOGY, EDUCATIONAL. Burnbam, W: H., td.
Bibliographies on educational psychology. New
York, G. E. Stechcrt. 1913- 2+44 P- O. (Clark
Univ. Lib. pubs )
Thorndike. K: Lee. Educational psychology.
New York. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1913-
3,7 p. (6 p. bibl.) 8*.
RECIDIVISM. Fernald, Guy M. The recidivist. (In
Proceedings of Amer. Prison Assn. Conference,
1912. p. 161-162.)
RZUCIOM. Ballard, Rev. Flc. The miracles of un-
belief. 8tb pop. ed. [New York, Scribner,] 1913-
16+328 p. (7* p. bibl.) D.
Toy. Crawford Howell. Introduction to the his
tory of religions. Boston, Ginn, 1913. 19+639 p.
(30 p. bibl.) 8°. (Handbooks en the history of
religions, ed. by M. Jastrow, jr.)
ROADS. Bibliography of treatises on road and culvert
construction and allied subjects; and lists of pub-
lications on same subject by U. S. Office of Public
Koads. (In Good Roads \ car Book, 1913. p. 314-
.123-341.)
MURAL EDUCATION. Bibliography on rural education.
(In U. S. Bureau of Education, Report for 1912.
P. 109-312.)
SCHOOL HYGIENE. Buffalo Public Library. Short
reading list on school hygiene. Buffalo, 1913. 4 p.
Edwards, G: Herb., jr. The school as a
center. [Columbia, S. C., Univ. of S. C]
'9'3 73 P- (21 p. bibl.) 88. (Bulletin.)
— — A abort bibliography on school janitor and engi-
neer service. (In Report of Efficiency Div. of
Chicago Civil Service Commission, 1913. p. 46.)
Sax EDUCATION. Selected lists of books on sex edu
cation, and the social evil. (In Vigilance, Je., 1913.
p. 8-9; 9 10.)
SM'itsrtAit. Neilson, W: Allan, and Thorndike,
Ashley Horace. The facts about Shakespeare. New
'*. Macmillan, 1913. 7+273 p. (21 p. bibl.) S.
(Tudo.- Shakespeare.)
SHETLAND roNV. Douglas; C:, and Douglas, Anne.
The Shetland pony; with an appendix on The mak-
ing of the Shetland pony, by J. Caaaar Ewart.
Jtfew Wk. Scribner J 1913. "+I76 p. (3 P-
Sum AND jHirrixc. Keiler, Hans. American ship-
**— its history and economic conditions. New
rchert, 1013. 20+144 P- (8 p. bibl.)
Q. (Problcrnr der Welt Wirtschaft; cd. by Bern-
Hard Harms.)
SMOKE rmrvBimoN. McClelland, E. H. Bibliography
moke and smoke prevention. Pittsburgh, Mel-
lon Institute, 1913. 164 p. (Bull. no. a.)
- WalKn. J: K: Wallace Psychological aspects of
the rroMrm of atmospheric smoke pollution. Pitts
burgh, Pa., Univ. of Pittsburgh, 1013. 46 P. (3 PV
bikl) O. (Smoke investigation bull.)
SOCIOLOGY Go win, Enoch Burton. Sociology. Mid-
dletown,' Ct., Wesleyan Store, 1913- 49 P- <7 P.
bibl.) 8*.
Mabie, E: C., and White, Leonard D., eds. The
courts and social reform; constructive and rebuttal
speeches and briefs in the New England Tnangular
League debates, March 6, 1913, by the "P1"68"*?-
tives of Brown University, Dartmouth College, Wil-
liams College. White Plains, NY., H. W. Wilson
Co., 1 9' 3- 67 p. (S P- WbU O.
SFAIN— LITERATURE. Schevill, Rudolph. Ovid and
the Renafcence in Spain. Berkeley, Cal., Univ. of
Cal., J9i3. 268 p. (17 P. l'»bl.) O. (Umv. of
Cal. pubs, in modern philology.)
STHUBBERG, FRIEDRJCH ARMAND. Barba, Preston Alb.
The life and works of Friedrich Armand Strubberg.
[Philadelphia, Univ. of Penn.,] 1913- i49 P- (3 P-
bibl.) 4 -
SUFFRAGE. Budapest Public Library. Bibliography on
woman's suffrage, printed in English, French, Ger-
man and Hungarian. [Budapest?] 1913. 14 p.
Franklin, Mary Ladd. The case for woman suf-
frage; a bibliography. New York, National Amer.
Woman Suffrage Assn., 1913- 31S P-
SUNDAY SCHOOLS. Mark, Harry Thiselton. For child-
hood and youth; ideals of the modern Sunday
school. Boston, Pilgrim Pr., 1913. 190 p. (3 p>
bibl.) D.
TAXATION. Material on taxation and assessment in,
the Municipal Reference Library of New York City.
Part i. New York, N., D., 1913. broadsides.
Williamson, Charles Clarence. Readers' guide to
the addresses and proceedings of the annual confer-
ence on state and local taxation, v. 1-6, 1907-1913.
[Columbus,] National Tax Assn., 1913. 41 p.
TEXTILES. Woolman, Mrs. Mary Schenck Voorhees,
and McGowan, Ellen Beers. Textiles; a handbook
for the student and the consumer. New York,
Macmillan, 1913. 11+428 p. (3 p. bibl.) D.
TENNESSEE — GEOLOGY. Tennessee. Geological Survey.
Bibliography of Tennessee geology, sofls, drainage,
Nashville, Tenn., Geological Survey,
forestry, etc.
1913. 119 p.
(Bull. 1-2.)
THEOSOPHY. Theosophical manual; i, Elementary
theosophy, by a student. 3d ed. Point Loma, Cal.,
Aryan Theosophical Press, 1907. 12+57 P- (7 P-
bibl.) T.
TRAVEL. Fitch, G: Hamlin. The critic in the Occi-
dent. San Francisco, Elder, 1913. 20+177 p. (ST>-
bibl.) O.
TREE REPAIR. Peets, Elbert. Practical tree repair; the
physical repair of trees; bracing and the treatment
of wounds and cavities. New York, McBride, Nast,
J9i3- 265 p. (3 p. bibl.) O.
TRUST COMPANIES. Kirkbride, Franklin Butler, and
Sterrett, Jos. Edin. The modern trust company;
its functions and organization. New ed. New
York, Macmillan, 1913. (bibl.) 8*.
Xibrar? Calendar
Feb. — . Pennsylvania Library Qub, rooms of
Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
Feb. 12. Chicago Library Club, Chicago Pub-
lic Library.
Feb. 17. Milwaukee Library Qub.
Feb. 19. Western Massachusetts Library Gub,
Y. M. C. A. College, Springfield.
Mar. 6. New Jersey Library Association
and Pennsylvania Library Club, bi-state an-
nual meeting, Atlantic City.
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
VOL. 39
MARCH, 1914
No. 3
OUR English brethren have fixed the date
for the Oxford conference as Aug.
31, and are making special endeavors
to obtain full representation from the
United States as well as from Can-
ada, and also from Australia and
the British dominions and possessions
generally, so that the conference of 1914,
if not international in the full sense, shall
be a representative pan-Anglican gather-
ing. The Oxford program, as provision-
ally arranged, schedules several important
subjects on which leading American mem-
bers of the library profession are expected
to speak, and the fact that the conference
is to be held in the most historic and not-
able center of learning in the mother-coun-
try, adds emphasis to the invitation of kin
across the sea. The A. L. A. Travel com-
mittee has presented plans for a European
travel party via the Mediterranean, which
will cover the exposition of the "Book" at
Leipzig and reach England for the Oxford
conference, returning thereafter at the
pleasure of the individual voyagers.
In 1877 a goodly delegation from
America helped to form the origi-
nal L. A. U. K. ; in 1897 nearly a
hundred American librarians made the
memorable voyage to the London Interna-
tional Conference; and in 1910 some thirty
participated in the third journey across sea
in connection with the Brussels Congresses.
The attractions of the travel plan should
make possible a party .for 1914 even larger
than that of 1897, an^ it wil1 be the hope
of American librarians that such demon-
stration in force may be made as will con-
vince our English colleagues of the pleas-
ure and duty of making a return visit and
crossing the continent in international har-
mony in 1915, even though the British Em-
pire is not otherwise represented at the
Panama-Pacific Exposition.
THE bi-state meeting at Atlantic City of
New Jersey and Pennsylvania librarians
and their extra-territorial colleagues, which
will be held this year March 6 and 7, will
have the opportunity of welcoming New
Jersey's new state librarian, who will be
made none the less welcome because of the
dissatisfaction with the method of his ap-
pointment, which cannot and should not
pass unvoiced. Though his predecessor was
doubtless a political appointee, in the days
when a state librarianship was a perfunc-
tory office, Mr. Dullard's appointment from
political motives and for political reasons
cannot be too severely reprobated. If the
New Jersey press is to be believed, Gov-
ernor Fielder had declined to reappoint
Mr. Buchanan, despite the long years of
service in which he had grown to be a prac-
ticed and useful librarian, because he was
a Republican, and had notified the South
Jersey Democrats that, as it was their turn
to have a political "plum," they might name
the new state librarian. And this in the
state of Woodrow Wilson! Ohio through
Governor Harmon and New Jersey through
Governor Fielder have both taken a serious
step backward in relegating their state li-
brarianship to the spoils system, and the
two governors have seriously hurt their
party in the eyes of the large and increas-
ing class who judge political parties by
their works rather than by their profes-
sions, and support or condemn them at the
polls accordingly. We are glad to be in-
formed that Mr. Dullard himself urged the
reappointment of Mr. Buchanan, was in-
disposed to accept the appointment himself
until the governor made clear that he would
not take this course, and is a man of exec-
utive experience and of administrative abil-
ity eager to do his part in upholding New
Jersey's activities in the library field. Mr.
Dullard has been appointed as a member
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[March, I9H
of the State Library Commission and is
expecting to attend the library conferences,
where, we may again assure him, he will
find cordial personal welcome, with no
thought of holding him responsible for the
unfortunate course of the governor of New
Jersey.
FOLLOWING the death of William C. Kim-
ball, that of Frank A. Hutchins, of Wis-
consin, makes another gap in the ranks of
the men, none too many, who have come to
the help of the library profession from
outside its ranks. What Mr. Kimball was
from the start to the New Jersey commis-
sion that Mr. Hutchins was to the Wis-
consin Library Commission in its begin-
nings, and although of late years he has
been incapacitated for work, what he did to
start Wisconsin on its great work of library
progress outlived his days of active use-
fulness and will have its influence for long
years to come. Prematurely estopped in
these later years by bodily paralysis, as the
lamented Crunden was sundered from his
work by the paralysis of his mentality, Mr.
Hutchins will long be remembered, as will
Crunden, because in the years of activity
each man had accomplished much more
than most men could do in prolonged lives
of unimpaired work. These were men who
accomplished so much in the fewer years
given to them as to build for themselves
broader and more lasting memorials than
it is given to most of their fellow workers
to build in twice their years.
AT the meeting of the American Library
•ute last year, the question of library
pay came to the front in connection with
Professor Johnston's paper on the need of
recruiting the library profession from the
ranks of college graduates. More than one
of the library schools now makes the college
diploma the sine qua non of admission, but
the larger proportion of recruits come with
high-school rather than college education.
Professor Johnston's paper recognized that
the difficulty was due partly to the small
pay of librarians, and although the figures
which he presented from Princeton data
were questionable generalizations as to the
early earnings of men who went directly
from college into business life, it is largely
true that library salaries in the past have
not been inviting. But it is also true that
the library schools have been able to assure
to their graduates immediate employment
as no other professional schools have been
able to do ; and the data presented by Miss
Rathbone from the experience of Pratt In-
stitute Library School graduates show en-
couraging figures. Moreover, libraries are
advancing in recognized public importance,
as colleges have been advancing in recent
years. A generation ago, college presi-
dents and college professors were very
poorly paid, and they are by no means
overpaid now. But within this generation,
with the large development of colleges and
universities has come recognition of the
fact that the president of an educational
institution must be a great executive and
that he must be supported by associates
fairly paid. In like manner, the trustees of
large library systems, as in New York,
Brooklyn, Chicago and St. Louis, have
come to see that they must have execu-
tives of large ability, who must be paid
accordingly, and although the inadequate
salary of the nation's librarian is still ridic-
ulously small, there is a growing tendency
to pay the heads of great libraries fairly
well. Moreover, their development has
meant a like advance in the importance
and salary of heads of departments, while
throughout the country, as Miss Rathbone's
figures show, there is a decided increase of
pay with increase of responsibility. Let us
hope that the kindred professions of teacher
and librarian may be more and more recog-
nized by adequate pay.
REFERENCE BOOKS AS PUBLIC UTILITIES
II. SOME WELL-KNOWN DICTIONARIES COMPARED
BY G. W. LEE, Librarian, Stone & Webster, Boston
"QuANTO diutius considero, tanto mihi
res videtur obscurior." — CICERO.
Do you advise me to buy Webster's New
International dictionary, or the New Stand-
ard, or the New Century, or Murray's?
Which is best suited for the family ? which
for the business house ? which for the pro-
fessional man ? which for the school ? which
for the public library?
To decide which dictionary is on the
whole best for one's own purposes is not
always easy. Still less so is it to decide
which is the best for other people's; and
after studying the matter, I am quite ready
to exclaim with Simonides, who had been
asked to define the nature of God: "By
how much the more I consider, by so much
to me the thing seems more obscure." I
believe, however, that a systematic and
trustworthy appraisal of these indispensable
works of reference is entirely feasible. I
believe that the American Library Asso-
ciation could engineer this through its ex-
ecutive office; and I believe that with the
A. L. A.'s encouragement some one library,
some one library school, or other institution,
would gladly undertake it. It would, of
course, be too much to expect, at the out-
set at least, to be able to tell men exactly
which dictionary they would find most sat-
isfactory for every purpose they might
have in mind; but to approximate this far
better than we now do by rule-of -thumb
methods, seems to me easily possible, even
though the purchase price or means at one's
disposal, and the local availability for bor-
rowing and consulting, would in many in-
stances complicate the problem for the
prospective buyer.
In Part i*, dealing with encyclopedias, I
emphasized this point, making a plea for
what might colloquially be called a Refer-
ence book commission (subsequently re-
* Published in the LIBRARY JOURNAL of November,
1912, p. 587-593, and reprinted and available for dis-
tribution.
f erred to simply as the "commission") —
recognizing, of course, that the term more
properly implies a government undertak-
ing. In the present article I would con-
sider chiefly a comparison of the follow-
ing four much talked of dictionaries*:
Murray ("The Oxford English"), the Cen-
tury (dictionary and encyclopedia), the
Standard, and Webster.
As a convenience for discussion, I select
the following general headings: (i) Full-
ness, (2) Definition, (3) Pronunciation,
(3a) Spelling, (4) Up-to-dateness, (5)
Grammar, (6) Convenience, (7) Summary.
(i) FULLNESS
Murray, admittedly the fullest diction-
ary, is not completed yet, the quarterly sig-
nature for Oct. i, 1913 (being a little fur-
ther along the alphabet than that for Jan.
i, 1914), covering Tombal-Trahysh, as part
of volume 10, and coming some twenty-five
years later than volume i. This dictionary,
when finished, will have something like 13,-
ooo pages, about one-third as large again as
the Century, and four times the size of the
Standard or Webster ; costing, in half mor-
occo, $130, or at the rate of one cent a page.
We must remember, however, that Murray
has none of the tabular or statistical data
that has become so much a feature of other
* Murray: "The Oxford English dictionary: new
English dictionary on historical principles; founded
mainly on the materials collected by the Philological
Society. Edited by Sir James A. H. Murray, with
the assistance of many scholars and men of science."
The Century: "The Century Dictionary and Encyclo-
pedic Lexicon of the English Language. . . ." The
Standard: "Funk & Wagnalls New Standard Diction-
ary of the English Language, upon original plans, de--
signed to give, in complete and accurate statement,
in the light of the most recent advances in knowledge,
in the readiest form for popular use, the orthography,
pronunciation, meaning:, and etymology of all the
words, and the meaning of idiomatic phrases, in the
speech and literature of the English speaking peo-
ples, together with proper names of all kinds, the
whole arranged in one alphabetical order." Webster:
"Webster's New International Dictionary of the Eng-
lish Language, based on the International Dictionary
of 1890 and 1900, now completely revised in all de-
partments, including also a dictionary of geography
and of biography, being the latest authentic quarto
edition of the Merriam series."
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[March, 1914
dictionaries. The fullness of Murray is in
etymology and definition, going back in his-
torical order as much as seven hundred
years, to what might be called the begin-
nings of the English language, for the pur-
pose of showing the authorities in the de-
velopment of meanings. A characteristic
treatment may be seen in its entry for the
word tonnage. More than a column, or up-
wards of three thousand words, are devoted
to this term. Authorities are quoted for
the meanings to the number of fifty-five,
ranging in date from 1422, for its definition
as a wine tax (when it was spelled ton-
age), to 1913, when for its definition as "a
mode of reckoning the ton of cargo for
freightage," there is a quotation from the
regulations of the "W. I. (West Indies?)
AtL SS. Comps." As evidence of fullness
on single words, Murray treats of the prep-
osition to in eight pages, or in over thirty
thousand words; while the Century re-
quires but a page and a half (less than two
thousand words) ; the Standard and Web-
ster about equal, each less than a thousand
words. Although proper names and for-
eign words that have not been well adopted
into the English language are for the most
part excluded by Murray, slang words are
quite freely included. Thus we find the
word buster, but not Bombay or betula
(birch), while the other dictionaries give
all three. Murray, however, gives the ad-
jective bftulin (pertaining to birch), while
the others do not. It gives a dozen or so
compounds of the Greek prefix trachelo
(pertaining to neck), about as many as the
Century or Webster, while the Standard,
excelling in such derivatives, has upwards
of fifty. Murray does not list synonyms;
the others do, the Standard, noted for its
abundance of synonyms, having also its
, ic entry of antonyms, i.e., the opposite
of synonyms. Thus, under acute it gives
not only the synonyms astute, cunning, dis-
cerning, etc., but the antonyms blunt, dull,
heavy, etc
The Century, of twelve volumes (the
eleventh and twelfth being the Cyclopedia
of names and the Atlas, respectively), is
not far behind Murray in fullness of defi-
nition, except for the purposes of the philo-
logically-minded, while it has the added
feature of being encyclopedic in the treat-
ment of many terms. An example of such
treatment may be seen in its discussion, a
column long, of Electricity, apart from mere
definition. It is not very strong in foreign
terms.
The Standard has the well recognized
feature of including a greater abundance
of scientific terms than any of the others,
its claim, in fact, being to have "over 450,-
ooo living vocabulary terms, thousands
mere than any other dictionary" ; to which
the ready response comes, that it is easy
enough to run in scientific compounds ad
nauseam; to which the natural rejoinder
comes, that what is one man's "ad nauseam"
may often be another man's meat.
In the preface to Webster is the follow-
ing statement : "Counting together the main
words and derivatives in so far as they in-
volve peculiarities of meaning, and the
combinations or compound words and
phrases, the present vocabulary has more
than double the number of entries included
in the next previous edition, that of 1900.
According to an accurate count, the num-
ber of words printed in bold-faced type, to-
gether with the inflected forms that appear
in small capitals, totals more than four hun-
dred thousand."
(2) DEFINITION
Murray not only defines historically, but
includes very much of the obsolete. Select-
ing the word abandon, for example, its first
meaning, according to Murray, is To sub-
jugate absolutely, and its second meaning
is our ordinary one, To give up absolutely.
Of eleven different meanings six are noted
as obsolete; in the Century, of seven mean-
ings, two are obsolete; in the Standard, of
five meanings, one is obsolete, and in Web-
ster, of five meanings two are obsolete. The
Standard gives the obsolete meaning last,
and it may be emphasized here that one of
the special characteristics for which the
Standard has many advocates is its inser-
tion of definitions in the order of com-
monest usage, as contrasted with the his-
torical order. It may be well to observe
that the advantage herein is not so great as
March, 191:4]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
iSl
claimed in the advertisement of the Stand-
ard because, for a vast majority of the
words that we have occasion to look up, in
a dictionary like Webster the commonest
meaning is the first meaning. Murray and
the Century are surpassingly rich in illus-
trative quotation, though the Standard and
Webster are proportionately good.
For synonyms and the discussion of syn-
onyms the Standard is superior in numbers,
claiming to be the only dictionary
that gives 7500 separate lists of synonyms,
and discussions of more than 2300 syn-
onymous terms. Such fullness in synonym
was also a characteristic of the old edition.*
The Century, with about 7000 synonyms,
and Webster, with decidedly less, are, how-
ever, hardly inferior to the Standard in the
quality and the discussions of synonyms.
Compare, e.g., the three on the following
terms: Accurate, Active, and Ancient, or
almost any that have synonyms.
Exactness of reference is a prominent
feature of Murray and the Standard. The
Century, while apt to give exact references,
often lets a quotation go with merely the
author's last name; while Webster, except
for Biblical references, regularly gives but
the last name. By way of example, com-
pare references under the term absolute.
The following entry is characteristic of the
Standard : "Such a thing as an absolute right
of property has never existed. R. T. Ely,
Intro, to Polit. Econ., pt. iv, ch. i, p. 214
(Chaut., 1889)." In the Century, for the
quotation under the seventh definition of
Absolute, reference is given to "Mrs.
Browning, Aurora Leigh, in;" while for
the eighth definition it is simply "Mrs.
Browning." Such an entry as the follow-
ing is characteristic of Webster: "So ab-
solute she seems and in herself complete.
Milton."
Murray has no pictorial illustrations, the
Century has more than the two others,
* Because of the many features of the old edition,
which from reading the "Fifty reasons" circular one
might think were only in the new, we must not forget
that the old Standard is not much inferior to the
»;£"•£' except as to up-to-dateness. We find some sup-
plementary features therein that are hardly included
or traceable in the new, and likewise there is sup-
plementary matter in Webster's International that has
not been embodied in the New International. Hence
let us not be too ready to dispose of our old editions.
though no more in proportion to its size,
while the Standard and Webster have about
7000 and 6000, respectively. For the let-
ter Z, there is a total of 48 illustrations, of
which but 5 illustrate the same object in
all the three dictionaries, indicating that no
one of the three includes every illustration
that may be considered to the point, and
that evidently there is no royal road to se-
lecting them, except to avoid, as far as
reasonable, illustrating the terms which
predecessors have selected. Therefore, if
illustrations in a dictionary mean much to
you, buy all three, if you can afford to.
(3) PRONUNCIATION
Conceding that Murray is the work for
scholarly definition of established words, I
should hesitate before calling any one of
the four the authority for pronunciation.
Certainly Murray is not the generally ac-
cepted authority in the United States. E.g.,
it would have us pronounce clerk as dark.
The indispensable use of the big dictionary
is for definition, though the most frequent
use may well be for spelling or pronuncia-
tion, or other features in which faith is put
because the book is at hand and we have
the habit of consulting it. A smaller, com-
prehensive dictionary should generally suf-
fice for most purposes other than definition.
Methods of indicating pronunciation in
the three American dictionaries differ but
little in essentials, except for the double en-
tries of the Standard. The Standard and
Webster have their keys to pronunciation
on every page; Webster at the bottom, as
heretofore, and the Standard at the top, as
a new feature. Murray and the Century
have their keys to pronunciation in the be-
ginning, once for all. The Standard advo-
cates the "revised scientific alphabet" for
pronunciation, and as its reason no. 6 (in
its circular of "fifty reasons why you should
buy the Ntew Standard") advances this as
"the most exact and comprehensive system
of pronunciation." Since there is a well-
known controversy as to whether this sys-
tem can generally be accepted, comment
thereon may well be omitted here. The
"Commission" might receive long treatises
on the pros and cons. Note, however, that
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[March, 1914
i respelling substantially in accord with that
of Webster is given after the new or scien-
tific method, so that if you are not accus-
tomed to the new you may find the old
convenient. An interesting feature of the
Standard is referred to in its reason no.
24, "The only dictionary that presents a
consensus of Correct Pronunciation by the
decisions of a Committee of Twenty-five
Experts from the leading educational in-
stitutions of the English-speaking world."
A good feature, revised from the preceding
edition. There are over two thousand such
entries included in this supplementary part
of the Standard. Would that all of the
dictionaries gave us a similar table, that
we may have the satisfaction of seeing how
large a proportion favor this or that pro-
nunciation !
(3A) SPELLING
Spelling is closely related to pronuncia-
tion. Here, again, Murray is not in accord
with American practice, which does not
favor the British spelling of harbour, hon-
our, traveller, etc, inserting the u and the
double /. In the matter of simplified spell-
ing, the Standard has gone the furthest As
reason no. 32 it offers : "The only Diction-
ary that includes in its Vocabulary the sim-
pler spellings of English words recom-
mended for adoption by the Simplified
Spelling Board." To include them in the
vocabulary is a good feature; but ought
they not to be included in their alphabetical
order in every instance, as well as accom-
panying the conventional form? For in-
stance, "thru" is put with "through" as a
secondary spelling, and "forfit" with '
"forfeit ;" but were a foreigner or one not
familiar with the English language to look
for either of these reformed spellings he
might not readily find them. Webster does
not give "forfit," but does give "thru" in
the lower section, in its alphabetical order.
Let such out-of-alphabetical-sequence al-
ternatives be entered twice. The Century
has its "List of amended spelling," with
rules of the Simplified Spelling Board at
the end of volume 10, after the Zs, but it
gives only the more commonly accepted
spelling in the general vocabulary. E.g.,
thru is given in the appendix to volume 9,
but forfit is not given in either part of vol-
ume 4 in which forfeit belongs.
(4) UP-TO-DATENESS
Murray's up-to-dateness is obviously of a
sliding scale, and perhaps such a
scale will be furnished with the last
instalment. We must not expect to
find aviation in the first volume, of more
than twenty-five years ago, yet we may
half expect to find in the final volume such
a term as Zeppelin, for a type of airship.
The Century's recent revision I find dated
in the preface as July i, 1911, though I
note a recent copyright entry as of 1913.
The revision was not so far reaching as to
make it, like the Standard and Webster,
"new from cover to cover ;" yet it was more
of a revision than the public readily be-
lieves. The prospectus shows great re-
vision. The fact, however, that the con-
tents of the two comparatively recent sup-
plementary volumes are not worked into
the main vocabulary (but "with revision
and further additions, have been incorpo-
rated in the present edition, being distrib-
uted among the several volumes in accord-
ance with the part of the alphabet com-
prised in each") makes the public skeptical
as a prospective buyer; while the need for
looking in possibly two places for a word
(even though properly reminded to do so
by an asterisk), contributes to the hesita-
tion to purchase. Naturally, too, we ask
ourselves, "If there is so much revision,
have there not been words here and there
crowded out so as to allow of getting the
entire content into the same number of
pages as heretofore ?" Personally, I am of
the opinion that a thorough-going search
would show that comparatively little of any
consequence has been omitted. As evidence
that there are omissions, however, I would
cite the word aesaloid, a term too technical
for the other dictionaries, and appearing
only in the Century supplement before the
latest revision. It means "related to or re-
sembling a beetle of the family Aesaloidae,"
obvious enough to those who are likely to
March, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
183
use it or refer to it, and because of its ob-
vious meaning evidently allowed to give
place to one of the many new words of the
aero series close by in the alphabet.
The New Standard, whose Introduction
is dated Aug. I, 1913, has been much ad-
vertised for its revision. In applying test
words for recency we find it has definitions
of feminist, hangar, sabotage, spug, syn-
dicalism, and tango; but not cafeteria,
Montessori, dasheen (the potato substi-
tute), or multigraph. None of these are
in the Century or Webster, unless in a re-
cent issue, having changes too slight to
warrant its being called a revised edition.
Murray gives hangar, but didn't know it
was to be the regular term for the flying
machine garage. Geographical and statis-
tical lateness has its advantages, of course ;
but because dictionary makers can so read-
ily incorporate it with their latest issue,
those of us who care for such things should
be wary of purchasing any large dictionary
that we recognize as having a rival with-
out first sounding to see if the rival has not
been, or is not about to be, corrected to a
later date.*
(5) GRAMMAR
Murray touches but little upon grammar ;
neither does the Century. They both have
something to say about shall and will, had
better, and doubtless other words and ex-
pressions, the Century going further into
such matters than Murray; but neither re-
fers to would better or throws much light
on a majority of questions cited in this sec-
tion from our library list. The Standard
endeavors to serve as a grammar and rhet-
oric, claiming (no. n) to be "the only Dic-
tionary that contains rules governing gram-
matical and rhetorical construction." There
do not appear to be rules in this dictionary
covering all grammatical and rhetorical
construction, though rules are given for
* The preface to the New International is dated
July i, 1909; but the note added to the preface in a
later impression, dated Jan. i, 1913. says: "The pub-
lication of the returns of the decennial censuses taken
in 1910 and 1911 by the leading nations of the world
has made available a great amount of statistical ma-
terial that is now incorporated in 'The pronouncing
gazetteer.' In addition to this, numerous changes
and additions of a minor nature have been made
throughout the book."
spelling and pronunciation, but not for
punctuation or syntax. The faulty diction
supplement of the old edition has been
incorporated for the most part.
Another claim (no. 12) : "The only Dic-
tionary that makes a point of systematically
correcting the common errors of speech."
The old Standard has its nine pages of
Examples of faulty diction, which are ab-
sorbed, with reasonable condensation and
some omissions, into the new. It would
be a great and useful achievement for a
dictionary to answer the many questions of
correct English that are stumbling-blocks
for this person and that. I can see, however,
that there might be some difficulty in in-
dexing them so as to be readily found when
wanted. In spite of the Standard's good
attempt to cover the field, there is much
that escapes it. Two examples are the use
of the word "aggravate" and of the ex-
pression "these kind." It is common for
people to correct one another on the use of
aggravate for irritate. The New Standard,
by way of discussion, in addition to the
colloquial definition, says: "To aggravate
is etymologically to increase in weight,
hence in gravity, severity, or intensity. A
disease or other evil may be aggravated,
but not a person." Webster makes short
work of this in its definition no. 5 : "To ex-
asperate; provoke; irritate. Colloq." Col-
loquial, however, is not necessarily con-
demnatory for conversational purposes ac-
cording to Webster's definition of the term,
and one could wish it less non-committal.
I cite the comparison by way of commend-
ing the discussions on pros and cons of
language in which the New Standard
abounds. And yet the very common ex-
pression, "These kind of things," or similar
expressions wherein the plural demonstra-
tive (these) governs the singular (kind), I
do not find discussed in the New Standard;
whereas in Webster we have the follow-
ing observation under the noun kind:
"From its adjectival force, kind of before
nouns in the plural came to take incor-
rectly a construction with verbs, pronouns,
demonstratives, etc., in the plural ; as, these
kind of knaves. Still Colloq."
It has been the experience of our library
.
THE UBRARY JOURNAL
[March, 1914
to make much wider use of dictionaries
than consulting them merely for defini-
tion, spelling, and pronunciation. Our clas-
sified list of questions asked and answered,
with record of sources of information, re-
veals under the group having to do with
grammar a diversified number of queries on
business English, several of which we have
failed to find answered by any of our dic-
tionaries. Characteristic are the follow-
ing, abridged somewhat from our collec-
tion, the comments on which I supply part-
ly from the records and partly from fur-
ther starch:
(None answered by Murray, unless words
to that effect.)
1. Which is correct, "This size enve-
lope" or "This sized envelope?" (Murray,
the < the Standard and Webster
give sized.)
2. Should we speak of "for a period
ended" or "for .a period ending?" (Not
found in dictionaries, but various reports
show a preponderance of "period ending.")
3. In the sentence, "Each company began
paying dividends since the panic of 1907,"
M word "began" compatible with the
word MMCC"? (No satisfaction from dic-
tionaries, but made offhand suggestion to
recast sentence.)
4. Should we use "in reliance upon?"
(All four cite "reliance on" which is prob-
Vttcr than "upon," which is also cited
by Murray.)
Which is correct, "ought never to be"
never ought to be?" (No help from
<lirtionaries. Needed to consult a grammar,
fn»m which it appeared that the second
• was preferable.)
6. Spelling of "Summer cum laudc"
idard. and lower half of page in Web-
not in Century.)
I low to indicate the plural of the
I rcnch proper noun Louis. (No satisfac-
•urics. hut learned from
nposition" that the article is
pluralizcd instead, e.g., Les Louis.)
The proper way to address Lord A.
ness letter. (No satisfaction
from dictionaries The < Vntnry does not
forms of arMr. Standard gives
a good list tinder "form," which is sugges-
tive, but the decision was, in accordance
with the advice of one of our office mem-
bers, who has had much experience in such
matters, to make the address "Lord A. of B.,
Dear Sir:/' etc., according to the Amer-
ican practice. Webster does not give forms
in the New International, but does insert
them in the "Little Gem," which one is apt
to mislay or forget about.)
9. Correct form of address on envelope
to a doctor and his wife, "Dr. and Mrs.
John Blank," or "Dr. John and Mrs.
Blank?" (Not in the dictionaries. Con-
sulted a book on business letter writing,
which recommended "Dr. John and Mrs.
Blank," but we took exception to this, and
from our own judgment recommended "Dr.
and Mrs. John Blank.")
10. How to address a firm of ladies.
(Murray, Standard and Webster all give
"Mesdames" as the plural for "Madam,"
from which one concludes that the letter
reads "Dear Mesdames." The Century
gives "Mesdames" only as the plural of
"Madame," and not of the Anglicized form.
Webster's "Little Gem" gives forms of ad-
dress and answers the question directly in
the subdivision under "Common forms of
address." Why should a matter requiring
so little space not be included in Webster's
big dictionary?)
11. Which is correct" Smith, John Henry,
Jr., or "Smith, Jr., John Henry?" (Should
like to find an answer for this in the dic-
tionary, but, assuming it was not there, '
found the style in the Cumulative book
index, "Smith, John Henry, Jr.")
12. In quoting, at the end of a sen-
tence should the final quotation mark come
before the period or after it? (No satis-
faction from the dictionaries, but found the
answer in Bigelow on "Punctuation," the
quotation mark coming always after the
period— it being otherwise in the case of a
semicolon or an exclamation point.)
13. Is it correct to speak of "The hoi
P°tt°i,"t where "Hoi," itself, in Greek means
"The?" (I improvised this question my-
self for this occasion, as it is characteristic
of what is asked of this library. The ex-
pression is given in the Standard and Web-
ster, but not in the Century, while neither
March, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
185
gives any advice as to whether or not
"The" should precede the expression.)
I hope that in the near future we shall
have a book that settles the thousand and
one interrogations as to good English in
business life, and it seems to me the New
Standard tends this way more than Web-
ster. Would that all libraries, library
schools and colleges might collect mooted
questions on matters of English composition
and refer them to the makers of our dic-
tionaries, not only for immediate answer,
but for attention in the next revision of
their work!
(6) CONVENIENCE
By convenience I mean not only typog-
raphy and the general ease of handling,
but the satisfaction in finding brought to-
gether in a single publication a wide range
of useful information that is easily located
in the book. Murray, as noted before, ad-
heres more strictly than others to the bare
dictionary idea : pronunciation, spelling, de-
rivation, and definition. The others have
also synonyms and illustrations, as referred
to under (2) Definition, also proper names
(the Century having a separate volume for
this and an atlas volume), while the
Standard and Webster have many tables
(such as comparisons of coins, measures,
weights, etc.), and much else, such as we
find, or used to find, in appendices. It may
be convenient to know that Murray omits
-all this, as thus we are not disappointed in
our hopes. The type in Murray, though
small for the most part, is black and prom-
inent for the principal vocabulary entries,
the words beginning, however, with capital
letters, which would be a decided inconve-
nience Had proper names been freely in-
cluded (E.g., it does include American
and Asiatic and «. comparatively few
others.) The change in the new Webster
in this respect is worthy of note — no longer
capitals for every entry. Obviously, it is
inconvenient to have different parts of Mur-
ray so widely differing in date, but perhaps
after the final volume appears we shall have
a revised edition of the whole.
The advantage of a single volume, such
as the Standard and Webster still offer, is
obvious, though almost necessitating a dic-
tionary stand. The two-volume editions of
the Standard and of Webster are partic-
ularly acceptable to those who would keep
them in a bookcase. The interesting inno-
vation of the one alphabetical order of the
Standard is an obvious convenience, though
it has its disadvantages. It has not been
found possible to include population fig-
ures in the consolidated vocabulary, be-
cause, I presume, of the difficulty in revis-
ing when the statistics are out of date.
Hence for population we need to look in
the still needed addenda.
There are several other features of con-
venience claimed by the Standard, some of
which have been mentioned under (2)
Definition, e.g., antonyms (5000) ; group
illustrations, with plate pages, including
several branches of the public service (fire,
police, post office, etc.), also safety appli-
ances— all conveniences, though the thicker
paper needed for the plates stands in the
way of manipulating the leaves for general
purposes, as these stiffer plate pages catch
the fingers. The listing or tabulation of
cognate terms, such as African tribes, bat-
tles, flowers, grasses, etc., is a good feature,
though Webster tends to do this more and
more, as in common with the Standard it
does for elements, measures, weights, etc.
A minor feature of the Standard, but well
worth imitating, is the giving the antidote
to each poison under the poison itself, as
well as repeating it under the name of the
antidote. Thus, under carbolic acid we
have the following statement : "It is a caus-
tic poison, largely used as an antiseptic and
disinfectant, especially in surgery, and its
antidotes are epsom salts, alcohol, and
heat." Likewise it gives the name of the
female of an animal under the name of the
male, in addition to its regular vocabulary
entry: e.g., it says under hart, "the female
is called the roe." (Let all the dictionaries
do the same ! ) The placing of the key at
the top of the page is another feature that
usage may prove to be the proper one to
follow.
The inclusion of addenda matter in the
regular vocabulary may prove a doubtful
expedient, as it is so unnatural. Why not,
1 80
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[March, 1914
for instance, have the list of "more impor-
tant writers*' in the appendix instead of
under Authvt, and cross-reference it under
Autkorf
i'crhaps the best known feature of the
Standard is its placing the common mean-
ing first, as it did in its original edition, the
etymology last, and its spelling Greek words
with English letters. Doubtless the Greek
scholar would prefer to see Greek words
spelkd with Greek letters, but certainly
English letters could not prevent his know-
ing the meaning. The general aim to have
the Standard serve the greatest number of
people in the shortest time is apparent in
many of its aspects, though it can hardly
claim to be the scholar's dictionary. Per-
sonally I like the historical order, and par-
ticularly the etymology first, for which I
offer the rather trite argument, apropos of
what we say of Latin and Greek: If you
do not study these in school you never will ;
so if you do not cast your eye over the ety-
mology in the beginning, you are likely not
to take the trouble to do so at the end.
A startling innovation in Webster is the
divided page. People are apt to think that
in the lower half are to be found only ob-
solete words, but the publishers' statement
is worth noting, as follows: "The division
into two sections serves a double purpose :
it facilitates convenience of consultation,
and it also effects a great saving of space
and corresponding increase of matter. The
principle of the new arrangement is this:
the several vocabularies formerly given sep-
arately— Foreign phrases and proverbs,
Scripture names, Names of fictitious per-
•oni. Abbreviations— have been incorpo-
rated with the general vocabulary. Every
page now contains all the titles that fall
alphabetically between the first and last
title words. To the lower section of the
Py »re relegated the foreign phrases, ab-
brcvi : also words wholly obso-
lete, obsolete variants, uncommon dialect
words, scientific terms of rare occurrence,
words defined only by a cross reference,
n general that part of the vocabulary
in most infrequent use." In this library
\vr have found the divided page workable,
though it took some time during the four
years \ve have had the New International
to become used to this new style of make-
up.
It is unsatisfactory to compare the Stand-
ard and Webster as to appendices, because,
particularly with the former, so much in
the new edition has been incorporated into
the vocabulary. The "History of the
world, told day by day," a new and unique
appendix of the Standard, may be useful
on rare occasions.
The thin paper editions of dictionaries
are likely to be a feature of popular de-
mand. I understand that the publishers do
not especially fancy them. I have a thin
Webster. It is easy to lift and nerve-rack-
ing to use hurriedly or steadily, as one
would naturally expect.
(7) SUMMARY
To arrive at a just estimate of the value
of various dictionaries, it is necessary to
look at them from diverse points of view.
The man of business and his stenographer
generally need a dictionary for a different
purpose from the clergyman, the college
professor, or the householder; and in the
following summary I have in mind the va-
rious needs.
Murray ("Oxford English") : Completed
nearly through the letter T, after begin-
ning with A some twenty-five years ago, so
that each successive volume is more up-to-
date than its predecessors. The largest of
the dictionaries, and confined strictly to
words of the English language, their deri-
vation and definition, in historical order,
based on quotations, for which exact refer-
ences are given. Addenda and all supple-
mentary statistics rigidly omitted, even to
the exclusion of proper names. "British"
in pronunciation and spelling, which differ
in many instances from established Amer-
ican practice. A splendid source book
within its field, and particularly for the
scholar. It would, of course, not be satis-
factory as the only large dictionary of any
public library in America. The Concise
Oxford, a one dollar publication (1911),
and widely sold in the United States, is
largely based upon Murray, but includes
phrases from all languages.
March, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
187
The Century (dictionary and encyclope-
dia) : Twelve volumes (I-X, vocabulary;
XI, names; XII, atlas). All the volumes
revised for the new edition of 1911, and en-
larged over previous edition by an appen-
dix of two volumes of 1909 (also revised to
1911), whose contents have been distrib-
uted as addenda to the other volumes, ac-
cording to the respective letters of the al-
phabet. Full, to encyclopedic, in definition,
with illustrative quotation and synonym;
also abounding in pictorial illustrations. Of
high reputation for pronunciation and
spelling. Very little of an addenda nature,
apart from proper names and atlas, though
with appendix to volume X of amended
spellings. Almost indispensable to any pub-
lic library of city or town.
The New Standard: A revision to 1913
of the Standard; in one or two volumes, as
desired. Notably full in terms of varied
description, and in synonym and discussion
of same, but with less of the obsolete.
Good as a check list of scientific com-
pounds, hence for the foreigner who may
be studying the English language. Gives
meaning first, etymology last. Full in il-
lustrative quotation, with exact page and
date references, also in pictorial illustra-
tion. Special features: cognate terms
grouped and several plates showing groups
or departments and features of public ser-
vice. The matter generally included in ad-
denda worked into the vocabulary, including
proper names, geography, etc. Still some
addenda, including consensus on pronuncia-
tion, and notably the new feature of chro-
nological history according to day of the
year. Reformed spelling included for most
words, after the regular entry in the vo-
cabulary, and incidentally well up-to-date
in the inclusion of recent terms. Several
minor features, such as hints on correct
English, inclusion of antidotes, etc. A pop-
ularly arranged and good all-around dic-
tionary, particularly for office and journal-
istic use.
Webster (New International) : Revision
to 1909, with minor revisions in succeeding
impressions. In one or two volumes, as
desired. Vocabulary with double the num-
ber of words over the previous edition
(1900), but not so full as the Standard,
whose scientific compounds are a notable
feature; fuller, however, in obsolete terms
and etymology. Concise and generally am-
ple in definitions. Quotations illustrative
of meaning plentiful, but with reference
merely to author's name. Good in syn-
onym and discussion of synonym. Fewer
illustrations than the Standard and fewer
plates, but all well chosen. Orthodox in
spelling, with recognition of variance, fair in
discussion as to grammatical use and good
taste. Supplemental material in the nature
of gazetteer, history, names, etc., but also
considerable of former supplement worked
into the vocabulary, more especially into
the lower half of the divided page — a new
departure. Dictionary of long standing and
reputation for all-round usefulness. More
for the scholar than the Standard.
Prices of the dictionaries range from $12
for trade editions of the Standard and
Webster to $130 or more for Murray.
Mention of other dictionaries, large and
small, will need to be postponed for a pos-
sible further article, which may also supple-
ment the preceding one on encyclopedias.
THE LIBRARIAN'S MOTHER GOOSE
III. INFORMATION DESK
Jack Spratt could read no rhyme
His wife could read no prose.
To find one book to suit them both
What would you propose ?
— Rente B. Stern.
SALARIES OF LIBRARY SCHOOL GRADUATES
BY JOSEPHINE ADAMS RATHBONE, Vice-Director, Pratt Institute School of
Library Science
IT has been thought that the results of a
questionnaire recently sent out by the Pratt
Institute Library School to its graduates
may not be without interest for the pro-
fession at large. There are nowhere in
print, so far as I am aware, recent statis-
tics giving details as to the conditions of
employment, salaries, hours of work, va-
cations, etc., for so large a number of
trained librarians as are here presented.
Whether these results can be taken as
representative for the graduates of other
library schools, I cannot say. Judging
from our experience, the classes whose
members have been out in the field from
ten to twenty years show the highest salary
averages, so that library schools estab-
lished since 1900 would probably not aver-
age as well as Pratt Institute, while an
older school would doubtless show higher
averages for its earlier classes at least.
Questionnaires were sent out to 284
graduates now in the field, 267 of whom re-
sponded. Of these 262 are in active work;
160 of them are employed in public libra-
39 in college and school libraries, 30
arc in special libraries, 18 are in federal
•ate libraries (including library com-
missions).
The 262 represent 23 classes and earn
(excluding three who are doing private
cataloging or other piece work) a total
salary fund of $282,340, or an average sal-
ary of $1081. Salary statistics were first
collected by the school in 1896 when there
were six classes in the field, at which time
the average salary was $607. An average
for the last six classes (1908-1913), which
is a fair basts of comparison, is $901, rang-
from $773 for the graduates of
1913 to $1138 for the class of 1908. That
would indicate that the average salary
(rained workers during their first six
of service has risen from $607 in
1896 to $901 in 1914, or nearly 50 per cent.
The average salary paid our graduates in
1910, when the last statistics were gathered,
was $939 as against $1081 in 1913, showing
a gain of $142 in three years. There were
131 salaries over $1000 reported in 1913
when there were only 84 in 1910.
A classification by kinds of position
shows 76 librarians with an average salary
of $1176. This number includes 42 libra-
rians of public libraries with an average
salary of $1189, the range being from two
at $600 to one at $3600; eight high school
librarians with a range of $720 to $1400,
the average being $1181 ; seven normal
school librarians with an average of $1209,
and twelve librarians of special libraries
with an average of $1295. Ten librarians
of private schools and small colleges whose
salaries only average $1000 help bring
down the average for librarians, but in
many of these cases, easy hours and long
vacations compensate for a smaller wage.
Heads of departments, 43 in all, receive
an average salary of $1208, libraries large
enough for a classified service paying more
to department heads than many small li-
braries can give their librarians. Analyz-
ing these figures we find 12 head catalogers
with an average salary of $1223, 10 heads
of circulation departments with an average
of $1324, 8 reference librarians averaging
$1088, 7 heads of special reference depart-
ments averaging $1257. Of other depart-
ment heads, supervisors of children's work,
heads of order departments, of depart-
ments of extension and instruction, there
are too few to make the average significant.
There are 23 branch librarians among
our graduates receiving an average of
$1023, with a range of from $720 to $1500,
and six first assistants in branches who
receive an average salary of $870.
In children's work there are 14 children's
librarians who average $949; counting in
v.-ith these three supervisors of children's
departments raises the average to $1271.
March, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
189
Nine assistants in children's rooms average
$654.
Besides the 8 head catalogers there are
34 catalogers, whose work is not admin-
istrative in nature, who receive an average
salary of $948 with a range of from $600
to $1500.
Nine assistants in circulation depart-
ments receive an average of $751 with a
range of from $650 to $1020. Five ref-
erence assistants receive an average of
$756; 10 assistants in special libraries re-
ceive $1036 on the average, and n mis-
cellaneous assistants whose duties refuse
to be classified receive an average of $753.
Grouping by the size of the employing
library gives results that are interesting,
though in many esses the groups are too
small to be conclusive and are hence not
included here. Forty libraries under 10,000
volumes pay an average salary to the li-
brarian of $963. But this group includes
most of the high school and normal school
libraries where conditions and standards
differ from those of the average public
library. Excluding these we find an aver-
age salary of $903. Twenty-eight libra-
ries of 10,000 to 50,000 volumes pay an
average salary of $1172 to their librarians.
Excluding one New England library of
over 20,000 that pays its librarian only
$600 would bring the average up to $1192.
Six libraries of from 50,000 to 150,000 vol-
umes give an average of $2400 to their
librarians.
Six branch librarians in library systems
of from 100,000 to 200.000 volumes get an
average of $<*v'o; in libraries of 200,000 to
500,000 volumes, five branch librarians get
$1005, while in systems of over 500,000
volumes, twelve branch librarians average
$1095.
There is less difference in the salaries
of catalogers in libraries of different size.
Five head catalogers in libraries of from
50,000 to 100,000 volumes get an average
of $1280; in libraries of 100,000 to 200,000
the same number receive an average of
$1295; assistant catalogers in the first in-
stance receive $856 while in the second
$974.
A grouping of executive positions by the
number of persons over whom supervision
is exercised showed significant results.
Those having but one person under their
direction, of whom there were 21, get an
average of $892. Twenty-seven persons re-
sponsible for two assistants' work average
$990; 19 who are responsible for the three
persons receive $1037 on the average; a
fourth subordinate raises the salary of 13
executives to $1042. Twelve having head-
ship over five assistants receive $1260.
Twenty having from 6 to 10 under them
are paid at an average rate of $1266; eight
receiving an average of $1454 exercise au-
thority over from 10 to 20 persons; five
chiefs over 20 to 30 subordinates average
$1560, and five having from 30 to 100
under their charge average $2135. Beyond
that the number is too small for grouping,
but the salaries increase rapidly.
It would be interesting to see how far
the circulation of a library entered into the
problem, but unfortunately, not anticipating
its desirability, the questionnaire did not in-
clude a request for circulation statistics,
and to discover the latest figures for all the
libraries involved would take more time
than is feasible, and a further analysis
showing the average salary for executive
positions, in which the size of the library,
amount of responsibility, and type of posi-
tion are combined, is also impossible for
the same reason.
A word before closing as to hours and
vacations. Forty-two hours a week is still
the schedule in 66 cases, but 114 persons
work less than 42 hours a week, while only
36 report more than 42 hours a week, 38
work 40 hours a week and the average for
all is 40^ hours ; 23 reported that no speci-
fied time was required of them.
A month's vacation is preponderatingly
the amount allowed in public libraries; it
is almost universal except for heads of
departments, some of whom report two
months. Only 41 report less than a month,
and these are mainly in business and spe-
cial libraries, while 43 report more than
four weeks, these being in educational li-
braries, for the most part. So many of
these have 8 to 10 weeks, however, that
they bring up the average vacation to six
weeks.
Summing up we find that while in
190
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[March, 1914
1899, when a similar questionnaire was sent
out, the average graduate of the school
worked 42^ hours a week with 4 weeks
and 5 days vacation for $686 a year, in
1913 the same average person works 40^
hours a week, has 6 weeks vacation and
receives $1081 a year. May not these fig-
ures be taken as indicative of a general
upward tendency in the profession at large
toward better conditions of work and more
adequate pay ?
FOR THE LIBRARIAN'S STUDY
"Toe librarian who does not read, is lost."
A COUPLE of years ago Mr. Henry Ad-
ams, the historian of the period of Jefferson
and Madison, printed for private distribu-
tion a volume to which he gave the some-
what indifferent title "A letter to American
teachers of history." Under this title the
author offers an interesting discussion of
two tendencies of modern thought and the
influence they have, or should have, on his-
torical teaching. The two tendencies are
expressed in the terms of the theory of
evolution (or conservation of energy) and
the theory of dissipation of energy. How
can the latter be reconciled with the for-
mer? Can it at all? If the latter theory
is more than a hypothesis, what of human
progress ?
The author quotes, in the first of the two
chapters of the book, called "The problem,"
one after the other of the physicists, biolo-
gists and anthropologists of the last few
decades, showing that they, one and all,
have accepted, for their own sciences, the
theory of the dissipation of energy. In the
second chapter, "The solutions," he dis-
cusses the various solutions that have been
offered, and offers, if not very distinctly,
what one might suppose to be his own,
namely, that while the physical universe,
including man as a biological phenomenon,
is subject to the law of dissipation, human-
ity need not be: "If the physicist cannot
make mind the master, as the metaphysician
would like, he can at least abstain from
making it the slave." In the following par-
agraph we have the essence of the book, if
I understand the author rightly: "Since
the year 1830, when the great development
of physical energies began, all school-teach-
ing has learned to take for granted that
man's progress in mental energy is meas-
ured by his capture of physical forces,
amounting to some fifty million steam
horse-power from coal, and at least as
much more from chemical and elementary
sources; besides indefinite potentials in his
stored experience, and progressive rise in
the intensities of the forces he keeps in
constant use. He cares little what becomes
of all this new power ; he is satisfied to know
that he habitually develops heat at 3000°
centigrade and electricity by the hundred
thousand volts, from sources of indefinitely
degraded energy; and that his mind has
learned to control them. Man's reason once
credited with this addition of volume and
intensity, its victory seems assured. The
teacher of history need then trouble him-
self no further with doubts of evolution;
but the teacher of physics seems — at least
to an ignorant world whose destiny hangs
on the balance — very much required to de-
fend himself." No matter what the author's
solution might be, the book is stimulating in
raising a real problem.
It would be an interesting bibliographical
study for one of the maturer students in
some library school or for a younger work-
ing member of the profession, to prepare
an annotated bibliography of the books re-
ferred to or quoted in Mr. Adams' book,
extending it, perhaps, beyond the date of
the latter to the present year.
The two theories discussed by Mr. Henry
Adams have found authoritative pro-
pounders in two works recently published
by the University of Chicago Press: Pro-
fessor Jacques Loeb's volume of popular
biological essays entitled "The mechanistic
conception of life/' and a volume of lec-
tures on "Heredity and eugenics," by sev-
eral authors. The keynote of Professor
Loeb's book is given in the first essay,
which has given its name to the whole vol-
ume. Its object is "to discuss the question
whether our present knowledge gives us
any hope that ultimately life, i.e., the sum
of all life phenomena, can be unequivocally
explained in physico-chemical terms." And
March, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
191
the author draws the conclusion that "if
on the basis of a serious study this ques-
tion can be answered in the affirmative our
social and ethical life will have to be put
on a scientific basis and our rules of con-
duct must be brought into harmony with
the results of scientific biology." "Not only
is the mechanistic conception of life com-
patible with ethics; it seems the only con-
ception of life which can lead to an under-
standing of the source of ethics." These are
the final words in this first essay. The oth-
ers deal with such subjects as "The sig-
nificance of tropism for psychology," "On
the nature of the process of fertilization,"
"On the nature of formative stimulation
(artificial parthenogenesis)," "Experiment-
al study of the influence of environment on
animals."
The lectures on "Heredity and eugenics"
were held at the University of Chicago dur-
ing the summer of 1911, under the auspices
of the biological departments of the Uni-
versity, by Professors J. M. Coulter and W.
L. Tower, of Chicago; W. E. Castle and
E. M. East, of Harvard, and Dr. C. B. Da-
venport, of the Station for Experimental
Evolution, Carnegie Institution of Wash-
ington. Professor Coulter opens the series
with a general introduction on "Recent de-
velopments in heredity and evolution," sub-
jects which, he says, "have to do, not only
with the most fundamental conceptions of
biology, but they have come to be of im-
mense practical importance in animal and
plant breeding. From every aspect, there-
fore," the author continues, "they 'appeal
to all persons intelligent enough to be in-
terested in the progress of knowledge and
in human welfare." The purpose of the
series is, then, to present these facts in a
popular form, but authoritatively, so as, if
possible, to counteract the misleading sug-
gestions contained in many ephemeral pub-
lications. This first lecture presents the
historical background necessary for an un-
derstanding of the problems discussed in
the rest of the series: on "Heredity and
sex," on "The application of biological
principles to plant breeding," on the "Mod-
ification of the germinal constitution of or-
ganisms by experimental processes," on
"The inheritance of physical and mental
traits of man and their application to eu-
genics"— and here we come to the final pur-
pose of the book, to show what conclu-
sions may be drawn from known biological
facts and from biological theories pertain-
ing to the future conscious development of
the human race.
In this connection I wish to call atten-
tion to an article in the last volume (1912)
of Annalen der Naturphilosophie (Leipzig:
Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft) : "Ueber
die Gefahrdung unserer nationalen Tiich-
tigkeit im modernen Staat," by A. Norden-
holz. The author shows how, in modern
society, we find a "counter-selection," as he
calls it, an undercurrent of forces that work
for the survival of the unfittest. The capi-
talistic organization of society with its grip
on the industrial world causes a degenera-
tion of the working masses, physical, intel-
lectual and moral. The milieu in which
the individual lives becomes unfavorably
differentiated and acts as a degenerative
force. It is from this great mass of indi-
viduals whom the circumstances have made
unfit that the race is mainly recruited. The
most intelligent, the physically and morally
strongest element which rises above the
milieu into which it was born becomes com-
paratively unproductive. Another element
in the counter-selection is to be found in
modern charity, which makes it so much
easier for the degenerates not only to sub-
sist, but to propagate. To counteract this
phase of the counter-selection the author
suggests a "conscious adaptation of our
personal activity and our social institutions
to the demand for a raising of the standard
of our race," or, as he also expresses it, a
"harshness of pity."
In the same volume of this journal is an
article on "Das Aufsteigen geistiger Begab-
ter in England," by a man whose name is
quite well known in the library world, Dr.
Ernst Schultze, of Hamburg, the founder of
the Volksbilcherei in that city. "The causes
of the growth of talent and genius, the con-
ditions under which they develop, how they
rise to importance and fame — of all this we
know next to nothing. Science has just be-
gun to turn to the investigation of these im-
• -
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[March, 1914
menscly difficult problems." The author
does not intend to solve the problem, but to
show how in England gifted men from the
"lower" strata of society have risen to po-
sitions of eminence, and the means that in
each case have accomplished such results.
.Another article of particular interest to li-
brarians is called "Gedanken iiber prak-
tische Litteraturwissenschaft." The author,
Keinhard Buchwald, had been asked to give
a series of popular lectures on literary his-
tory, and in preparing for these he decided^
to set forth nothing that he had not himself
used as preparation for his own reading
or to clear up already existing independent
judgments. The article, then, is a study
of what makes for literary value, and a dis-
cussion of -the place of literary history in
the republic of sciences; the author places
it among the historical disciplines, besides
church history, as a part of "kulturge-
schichte."
This journal is specially called to the at-
tention of librarians. It is one of those
very general periodicals to which one
might turn for a discussion of almost any-
thing under the sun. And a browsing
through its eleven volumes is particularly
stimulating, because every article is writ-
ten from a definite philosophical standpoint,
that of energetics, or the theory of com-
bined conservation and dissipation of en-
ergy, whose foremost modern exponent,
Wilhelm Ostwald, is its editor.
AKSEL G. S. JOSEPHSON.
SUGGESTIONS FOR GREATER LI-
BRARY PUBLICITY
GREATER publicity for libraries and their
work was a topic which received consider-
ible attention at the meeting of the Coun-
1 in Chicago. At the first session Mr.
H. Kerr read a report on "Possible
icwspaper publicity for the American Li-
Association, its conferences, and
ork in general," which provoked discus-
sion and which is here reprinted in full :
A report has been asked on greater pub-
:ity for the American Library Associa-
tion, its conferences and work in general
ts assumed that we all grant there is
room for more of the right sort of pub-
licity for the Association and library work
in general. The sort of publicity here in
mind is this: Not that we shall get at the
people, but that the people shall get at us.
First, publicity for the A. L. A. confer-
ences. Traveling through England during
the early days of last September, I was
impressed by the amount of space devoted
by all of the best British newspapers to
the Bournemouth meeting of L. A. U. K.
The London Times ran nearly a column
each day and commented editorially. One
could not help being glad that the indexing
of periodicals is vital to the British news-
paper public, or that rural libraries and
books for the holiday makers make news.
And then I discovered that the London
Telegraph, the Manchester Daily Mail,.
some of the Devonshire papers — in fact,
all the best newspapers — carried the same
story. The account must have been fur-
nished to all the papers by a discerning:
L. A. U. K. publicity man. The Salt Lake
meeting of the National Education Asso-
ciation was more adequately reported in
the daily press, nation-wide, than any pre-
ceding meeting— better even than the rows
and battles of Boston and Chicago — with
this difference, that education and not pol-
itics was heralded from the Salt Lake
meeting. The Associated Press representa-
tive at Salt Lake got his "stuff" from the
N. E. A. publicity man. It was telegraphed
daily and appeared in 870 dailies in all
parts of the country. Material for special
stories in Chicago and New York papers
was furnished by the N. E. A. publicity
man. Several days before his election to
the N. E. A. presidency, the photograph
and a biographical sketch of Dr. Joseph
Swain were on file with several hundred
newspapers, with release conditioned on
telegraphic advice; the publicity man had
made a shrewd guess. On the last day of
the N. E. A. sessions the publicity man
released to the local papers and to the As-
sociated Press interviews with 160 "leading
educators," many interviews accompanied
by photographs. To interview 160 men in
five busy days is a feat at which even the
newspaper men wondered. Direct dis-
patches were sent to newspapers in local-
March, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
193
ities honored in the election of officers and
committees. A summary of the week was
furnished to the educational press and the
patent-inside publishers of the country.
Each day each of the four Salt Lake pa-
pers ran from eleven to thirty columns of
N. E. A. material. Moreover, this N. E. A.
publicity man advertised the Salt Lake
meeting in advance and helped to bring in
a very large attendance from adjacent
states and cities. Articles about the great
interests to be represented at Salt Lake
and photographs of speakers were used by
many papers and syndicates.
Mr. J. W. Searson, professor of English
at Kansas State Agricultural College, at
Manhattan, was the publicity man. I here
record my gratitude to Mr. Searson for
his willingness to let me inquire into his
methods and results, and for his personal
interest and intelligent conception of the
library cause.
How did Mr. Searson accomplish these
results? First, by having the news sense,
.Second, he had the substantial backing of
the Salt Lake Commercial Club. The club
was anxious that the Salt Lake meeting
should be a success and that Salt Lake's
name should be heralded far and wide.
The club carefully obeyed Mr. Searson's
instructions for advance preparation, re-
served and paid for his room and publicity
headquarters and his meals at the head-
quarters hotel, furnished three stenogra-
phers— "and if you want anything else,
name it." The N. E. A. paid travel ex-
penses, postage and telegrams, the cost be-
ing about $240.
Advance press abstracts of all papers
presented were furnished to Mr. Searson.
Stories for each general session and sec-
tion meeting were prepared in advance.
Lists of officers and tables of statistics
were ready for use. The stenographers
made copies of all this material and of dic-
tated personal notes and convention news.
Mr. Searson was always on hand at head-
quarters and always had what the news-
paper boys wanted. He was one of them,
working on the inside.
I have a strong conviction that these
methods may be adapted to obtain publicity
for the A. L. A. conferences. An item
for practical consideration is that the A.
L. A. custom of meeting in out-of-the-way
places, once characterized by one of the
literary journals as the "annual going into
retreat," is not conducive to publicity. We
lose all the advantages of local pride and
influence. Another item to be remembered
is that apparently library operations and
interests are not regarded as vital news. I
believe this is more apparent than real,
however; we must make our news, as
others do. At the Missouri-Kansas meet-
ing, at St. Joseph recently, this plan was
tried, without any help of previous organ-
ization, sufficiently to prove this; that the
newspapers welcome the help and will use
material furnished. At St. Joseph the ad-
dresses for which abstracts were not fur-
nished were written up from program and
the substance guessed at.
Thus far, publicity for the A. L. A. con-
ferences. Now publicity for the work in
general. I quote from a friend of the
library cause :
"Some day I should like the A. L. A. to
awaken to its larger opportunity. It should
have a section in connection with every
national organization, from the Congress
of Governors to the national labor organ-
izations. . . . Correlating English (teach-
ing) and library work is but one specific
phase of larger correlation with all forms
of reading, investigation and organization.
The librarian and the library are abso-
lutely indispensable to any progressive
worker, whether in iron, wood, finance, art,
or literature."
Possibly one fair interpretation of Miss
Hasse's recent address upon "Socialized
bibliography" is that she pleads for a high-
ly efficient publicity that lets the people
get at the library. The discussions by the
League of Library Commissions, this week,
regarding duplication and cooperation in
extension work by state universities and
state library commissions, and threatened
amalgamation of state departments of edu-
cation and library commissions — both
pointed to the need of persistent wide-
spread and concentrated enlightenment of
powers and professors that be. Personally,
I feel that just as soon as possible the
A. L. A. should employ a permanent pub-
194
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[March, 1914
licity officer. The publicity methods and
;ts of individual libraries would not be
inter t'ercd with, except to advise and re-
inforce. We are trying a plan of state-
wide library publicity in Kansas, which
might possibly be adapted for country-
wide application.
Your committee recommends that a per-
manent committee on publicity be ap-
pointed, whose duty it shall be in coordi-
nation with the secretary, to prepare and
execute plans for publicity for the annual
conferences and for the general work of
the Association.
At the second session Miss Mary W.
\ Mummer opened a discussion on "A cam-
paign of library publicity in the general
magazines," as follows:
In an attempt to gain the public's ear,
to interest and hold the public's attention,
and to secure the natural consequence,
larger liberality on the part of municipal-
ities toward a department hitherto ignored
or treated perfunctorily and on a theoretic
basis, libraries must live down two things:
ist, the impression, still influential with the
majority of tax-payers, that libraiies are
chiefly or wholly for recreative purposes;
and 2d, that the workings of a library are
of a purely technical or administrative
character, that there is something esoteric
about their administration which only li-
brarians (and trained ones at that) can
understand, and that their results are prin-
cipally statistics, the most uninteresting of
reading to people in general.
The first difficulty is gradually being
solved, and the solution of it depends
largely on the local library, since it can best
convince the local people of the value and
extent of its resources and show the uses
they can be put to. Where this is done by
a live librarian who knows his or her
I'tismess, the community is learning very
gradually to respond with more substantial
appropriations and a higher library tax-
rate; but there are parts of the country
still where the community, including often
the library board, fail to recognize finan-
cially the generosity, self-sacrifice, and pro-
fessional skill of some local librarian who
is prevented by circumstances from seek-
ing a better fortune in some other and
more liberal or enlightened place. Advan-
tage is taken of this very inability, in fact.
"Let her spend extra hours on a new cat-
alog, or in getting up a Christmas exhibit,
if site wants to; no one is making her do
it. It is just what she likes to do." But
if recognition of this public spirit in the
form of addition to salary were suggested,
you would find even some members of li-
brary boards saying: "Why, she has never
asked for an increase. And she'd rather
live at home, or else she'd go somewhere
else and get more. It would cost her more
to live away from here, probably. Any-
how, the town can't afford it, with side-
walks and waterworks and electric light-
ing, etc., to pay for. The important things
must come first." Notice that word "im-
portant." In the minds of at least half the
voters of a community, material improve-
ments take precedence of what goes into
the minds and spirits of the people to make
better people, and hence better citizens, and
every one knows that when a reform
administration conies in, on the cry of
economy, the first things to be cut down in
cost are the public schools and the public
library.
This materialistic attitude must be
changed before the library can come inf,o
its own. Looked at closely, it is not so
far removed from the attitude of the mob
in the Reign of Terror, which destroyed
museums, libraries, monuments and works
of art. Our communities are perhaps a
little worse, for while they do not actually
destroy, they hamper and starve their most
potent agencies for good in favor of insti-
tutions and works that spell only material
progress and often feed the greed of pri-
vate interests, and they do it in cold blood
and not in the rage of reprisals.
How are we to convince people generally
that libraries count for something in pro-
gress, that they are worth liberal support,
that the good results of their work, while
more or less intangible, are as undeniable
as the results of building a system of sew-
erage, and cleaning the town streets and
alleys, and extending the street car lines?
The second thing to be lived down is
the odor of professionalism. We all know
the innocent personal friend who admires
March, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
195
without understanding our work, and looks
at us with puzzled and marveling eyes
when we speak of cataloging and classifi-
cation, of charging systems and reserves
and renewals and lists, but who hasn't any
desire to know more or to really under-
stand and would much rather talk or hear
something else. The case is much what
our own case would be if our city account-
ant insisted on explaining to us the details
of his system, or the school superintendent
should expect us to grow enthusiastic over
the system of markings adopted in the
schools. Even when we are doing things
in themselves interesting, the expression
of them in figures is death to the interest
of the outsider. One incident is worth a
whole table of statistics. Can we not de-
cide on what are the attractive, the pictur-
esque, the dramatic, the convincing, the in-
spiring features of our work, and set these
before the public that reads the magazines
and the newspapers — particularly the mag-
azines, since these have more than a local
constituency.
Why should we not be able to gain ad-
mission to some of the general periodicals?
Have they not been giving room of late to
the confessions of ministers, editors, au-
thors of best sellers, and even of brake-
men? Why not the confessions of libra-
rians of all types? And what could be
more picturesque than the career of some
of our traveling libraries? What more
dramatic than the work of city branches
among foreigners? What more inspiring
and illuminating than the work being done
with children, with state institutions, with
rural communities? Is there not some
mind-reader among us who can show con-
vincingly the power and influence of a
given book, the psychology of a given
reader? Is not the censorship of books
and magazines a new subject, worthy of a
disquisition ? While — among ourselves you
will let me mention names — we have Miss
Hewins and Mr. Bostwick, Miss Helen
Haines, Miss Maud Campbell, and numer-
ous other ready pens, and while such mag-
azines as the North American Review, the
Atlantic Monthly, the Outlook and Inde-
pendent, World's Work, etc., are looking
for subjects which have novelty, can we
say that we are not ready and that there
is no field?
Mary Antin's recognition — about the first
evidence of grateful appreciation in print
that libraries have had — makes one wonder
if there are not others among the crowds
educating themselves at our shelves who
might be willing and able to tell the part
that free libraries have played in their
lives. .Such publicity might bring not only
increase of dignity and of appropriations —
it might arouse some of the other agencies
working along their separate lines to seek
closer and more constant cooperation. It
might represent the work in a way to draw
to it the very people we want from all
parts of the country, who are drifting into
better known professions because we are
making no effort to reach them by setting
forth the parts of our work that make a
more general appeal than the strictly pro-
fessional.
Have we not ourselves reached the point
where we must relegate the technical and
the administrative to their places and cease
to be absorbed by them to the exclusion of
that which is really the mark of our high
calling — the knowledge of the book's con-
tents and the application of these contents
to the condition of the individual? Must
we not provide not only the cataloger and
the reference assistant, the desk worker
and the clerk, but also the psychologist,
the teacher, the comrade in literature?
When we begin to see our calling in its
essentials, to care more for the end than
for the means to that end, public recogni-
tion will come and all things else shall be
added.
AN EARLY TRAVELING LIBRARY
SYSTEM.
Nov. 10, 1835. — We went aboard (the
whale-ship) and spent an hour or two.
They gave us pieces of whalebone, and the
teeth and other parts of curious sea ani-
mals, and we exchanged books with them
— a practice very common among ships
in foreign ports, by which you get rid of
the books you have read and re-read, and a
supply of new ones in their stead, and Jack
is not very nice as to their comparative
value. — DANA, Two years before the mast
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[March, 1914
SALARIES, HOURS, AND VACA-
TIONS IN INDIANA LIBRARIES
A COMMITTEE of three, of which Henry
iiller was chairman, recently made an
>tigation regarding library salaries,
hours, and vacations in Indiana, on behalf
of the Indiana Library Trustees' Associa-
tion. The result of that investigation is
embodied in the following report, which
presented to the association at its No-
vember meeting:
In order that we might intelligently re
\x>n on the subject, says the commit uc.
>cnt to each library board in the
a letter asking for a report on the
blank enclosed therein, on the salaries paid
to, hours of services rendered by, and vaca-
tions granted to their librarians. We rc-
il 92 replies from the 145 libraries and
our report is based upon those replies.
In regard to the salaries paid librarians
nd that there is no regulation govern-
ing the same, but on the other hand there
seems to be a very elastic schedule in use
over the state, as shown by the following
statement :
Fittcen libraries with incomes from $168
to $900 pay less than $20 per month.
Seven libraries with incomes from $187
to $779 pay $240 per year or $20 per month.
ur libraries with incomes from $300 to
7 pay $300 per year or $25 per month.
ith incomes from $773 to
; pay $360 per year or $30 per month.
.-) libraries with incomes from $1180 to
>'> pay $400 per year or $33 per month.
Four libraries with incomes from $420 to
>* pay $420 per year or $35 per month.
Fourteen libraries with incomes from
$568 to $6200 pay $480 per year or $40 per
month.
ir libraries with incomes from $1756
to $2427 pay $540 per year or $45 per
month.
Fifteen lihrario with incomes from $1200
to $3275 pay $600 per year or $50 per
th.
library with income of $2355 pays
$660 per year or $55 per month.
;r libraries with incomes from $2769
to $6893 pay $720 per year or $60 per
month.
Two libraries with incomes from $1526
to $3592 pay $780 per year or $65 per
month.
Three libraries with incomes from $3529
to $5054 pay $840 per year or $70 per
month.
Four libraries with incomes from $4905
to $7607 pay $900 per year or $75 per
month.
One library with income of $10,029 pays
$960 per year or $80 per month.
One library with income of $7304 pays
$1000 per year or $83 per month.
One library with income of $7886 pays
$1080 per year or $90 per month.
One library with income of — - pays
$1200 per year or $100 per month.
Two libraries with incomes of $28,662
pay $1500 per year or $125 per month.
One library with income of $14,464 pays
$2160 per year or $180 per month.
In connection with our investigation we
attempted to ascertain the salaries paid to
assistant librarians, and we found the fol-
lowing conditions to exist : 37 libraries em-
ploy no assistant librarian; 38 employ one
assistant; n employ two assistants; 2 em-
ploy three assistants ; and four employ four
or more assistants. We also found that the
schedule of salaries paid the assistant li-
brarian was even more elastic than that of
the librarians. In the 38 libraries where
but one assistant was employed we found
that 12 libraries paid the assistant $5 or less
per month ; two pay $7.50 per month ; 5 pay
$10 ; i pays $12.50; 2 pay $15; 6 pay $20;
2 pay $25; 3 pay $30; 2 pay $40; 2 pay
•S-45; and one pays $50.
The eleven libraries that employ two as-
sistant librarians pay as follows : $50 and
$30; $40 and $30; $35 and $35; $50 and
$50; $40 and $15; $40 and $40; $60 and
$60; $40 and $30; $40 and $25; $40 and
$30, and $20 and $20.
The two libraries employing three as-
sistants pay as follows: $60, $55, $50, and
$55, $50 and $35.
The four libraries employing four or
more assistants pay as follows : one pays
$65, $65, $60, $50; one pays $80, $65, $60,
$55 ; one pays $102.50, $72.50, $62.50, $42.50,
$40, $40, $36. And one pays their first as-
sistant $65 and the remaining five assistants
March, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
197
are paid as follows: each assistant starts
at $45 per month; the second year he re-
ceives $50, and each year thereafter his
salary is increased $2.50 per month until
the maximum of $60 is reached.
It is rather difficult for your committee
to recommend what salaries you should pay
your librarian and assistants, for the local
conditions of each library will, in a great
measure, control the situation, but we feel
that inasmuch as the success of the library
to a very great extent depends upon the,
librarian, and her work being that of a
profession, we feel that she should be paid
accordingly. And after having made this
investigation, and after having consulted
with Mr. Milam, of the Public Library
Commission, we believe that the majority
of the libraries of our state can and should
pay from 40 per cent, to 50 per cent, of their
total income for the salaries of their libra-
rian and assistants. As the librarian or
assistant continues to hold her position, and
as the income increases, so should the sal-
aries be increased, and we would suggest
that the salaries be increased at the rate of
$2.50 per month each year until the max-
imum of 40 per cent, or 50 per cent, of the
income is used in paying salaries of libra-
rian and assistants.
The number of hours per week that the
librarians of the state serve vary from 20
hours to 70 hours. Twenty hours per week
is not sufficient time for a librarian to ren-
der satisfactory service either to the public
or to her work. And, on the other hand,
70 hours per week is more than she should
be required to serve. We feel that when
a librarian works at her work carefully,
honestly and faithfully for from six, eight
or nine hours per day for six days in the
week, her library board should be con-
tented and the public satisfied.
The hour of the day when the librarian
commences her work and closes her work
is also unsettled. Some librarians over the
state open their library as early as 7 130 and
8:00 o'clock a.m., others at 9, 10, u, 11:30
a.m., 12 m., 12:30 and I, and some as late
as 2 p.m., and they close at any time from
5 to 9:30 p.m. The hours at which the
library is opened and closed is purely a
local question and should be so arranged
as to suit the convenience of the greatest
number of patrons.
However, there is one point on this sub-
ject that we would like to call your atten-
tion to, and that is from the reports of the
92 libraries which we received, there are
49 libraries in the state that do not open
their library until 12 o'clock noon, or after,
and many of these are closed during the
supper hour. The library should not be
looked upon merely as a place where those
patrons who have plenty of time may get
the latest fiction, but it should be so con-
ducted as to be an institution of great edu-
cational force in the community — hence, it
should be opened at such hours that those
inclined to do so may use the library
without too great an inconvenience. If it
is closed during the noon and supper hour,
there will be a large number of business
men and women, clerks and working men
and women who will be deprived of the
use of the library. We believe that the
largest amount of real benefit that is ac-
complished by and through the library is
not the service it renders to the highly edu-
cated person, but it is the service that it
can and does render to those who have
been deprived of an academic or collegiate
education, and who desire to develop into
better, higher and nobler citizens. For this
reason, we believe that the library should
be opened at the hours they are going to
and returning from their dinner and sup-
per, in order that they may patronize the
library without loss of time or too great
inconvenience. We believe that a large
number of the libraries that are now closed
during these hours may be kept open with-
out additional expense by simply rearrang-
ing the hours of service of the librarian
and her assistant.
In regard to the vacations granted libra-
rians over the state, we found that in 33
libraries no vacations are granted the libra-
rian. One library grants a vacation of 3
days; 2 grant 10 days, 34 grant 14 days, 5
grant 21 days, 9 grant 28 days, I allows a
vacation with pay, but the librarian must
furnish a substitute; i grants 14 days and
another one 30 days without pay, and 3
have no definite arrangements. Nearly all
of the commercial institutions of the state
198
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[March, 1914
grant a vacation, with pay, to their em-
ployes. We believe that the librarians 01
the state arc entitled to the same considcr-
tion, and we would suggest that the libra-
rians be granted a vacation of at least 14
days per year with full pay.
A PROTEST— "SUBORDINATES" VS.
"ASSISTANTS"
QUITE recently the term "subordinates"
was used by a prominent librarian in the
middle West, in referring to his assistants.
About the same time the term was used in
a similar manner in an article in Public
Libraries, expressing opinions on the sub-
ject of transferring assistants from one
position to another.
In the latter case, the "subordinates"
were acknowledged as our professional
colleagues upon whose zeal, enthusiasm and
professional spirit the success of our libra-
ries depends. If that is so, why not elim-
inate that hateful term "subordinates" and
substitute that of "assistants"?
In the former instance, the librarian is
killing the zeal, enthusiasm and professional
t among his "employes," especially
among the trained workers, by the 'constant
use of the term "subordinate."
Imagine yourself a young woman of
average refinement, a college graduate who
has had library school training, and three
or four years of general experience as an
assistant in some library. Your ideals are
high, and you wish to realize them. In
order to do so, it is necessary to obtain
experience in some particular branch,
which it is impossible for you to receive
where you are. An opportunity in that
line is offered unexpectedly at a slightly
better salary than you are receiving; bril-
liant promises are made as to your future
'f you will accept the position.
You take it and— find yourself "hired"!
The term "hired" gives the first mental
jolt ! You are placed under a young tact-
less girl who has a high school education,
and no library training outside of the three
years' experience in that special department
of that particular library, and who is re-
ng 40 per cent, more salary than you,
the trained worker. She is called "your
adviser." Your enthusiasm rises ; if she can
do so well, having spent no time or money
in special preparation, evidently your
chances are unlimited! Wait. The prom-
ised "raises" do not appear, because you
are receiving the highest salary paid to
"subordinates," and there are no signs of
a vacancy "higher up."
An assistant, regardless of her enthu-
siasm, zeal and professional spirit, if con-
stantly referred to, and treated as a sub-
ordinate, naturally conies to the conclusion
that she is a "flat failure." What incen-
tive is there for her to put forth her best
efforts in the work? Instead of the social,
educational and business opportunities sup-
posed to be open to a trained worker, the
"subordinate" is made to feel that she is
on a level with the lowest scrub-woman;
with all her college education, she knows
nothing; even the janitor, with no educa-
tion, is receiving more salary than she.
Fortunately the conditions stated above,
although too common in democratic Amer-
ica, are becoming more rare.
Eliminate the term "subordinate"; sub-
stitute that of "assistant"; treat your co-
workers as equals, rather than inferiors,
and the psychological effect will be appa-
rent in an improvement in the quality and
quantity of their work, as well as in their
loyalty to the library; they will be able to
retain, or regain, their self respect, without
which success in library work, as in every-
thing else except crime, is impossible.
MABEL SOUTH-CLIFFE.
CENTENARY OF THE IMPERIAL
PUBLIC LIBRARY OF ST.
PETERSBURG
LITERARY circles in Russia celebrated in
January the looth anniversary of the foun-
dation of the Royal Library in St. Peters-
burg. The event was made the occasion
for special exercises in the different liter-
ary clubs throughout the city. To cele-
brate the centenary the imperial govern-
ment has appropriated a large sum of
money for a publication which shall con-
tain a description and history of the li-
brary.
March, I9H1
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
199
Apropos of this anniversary there were
published in Niva, a Russian weekly, two
articles by P. V. Bykov, giving an inter-
esting account of the history and growth
of this institution, from which the follow-
ing abstract has been made :
On Jan. 2, 1814 [old style— 14 new style],
the Imperial Public Library was opened to
the public. The origin of this library goes
back to the second decade of the eighteenth
century, when the Zaluski Library was
founded in Warsaw by the two brothers
Zaluski. In 1794 Warsaw was taken by the
Russians, the library confiscated, and in
the next year it was shipped away to St.
Petersburg and located in a house near the
Anichkov palace. [The Zaluski Library had
300,000 volumes and several thousand man-
uscripts, of which only 250,000 reached St.
Petersburg. Among these books only five
volumes were in the Russian language.] In
1795 Catherine II. ordered plans for the
library, which should include halls for all
branches of knowledge and an observatory
located on the top of the building. Her
death came unexpectedly, so that her wishes
were not fulfilled. In 1801, however, a
new building was erected.
The plan of the librarian in charge of
the collection was to distribute the books
among different institutions, but happily
this was prevented, and when Count A. S.
Stroganov became head librarian the li-
brary began steadily to grow. The first
librarians were noted men like Sopikov,
Krylov, Gnyedich, Delvig, Zagoskin. In
1812, fearing invasion by Napoleon, the
government sent the more valuable books
to the village Ustlanka, government of
Olonetzk, and it was two years later, on
Jan. 2, that the library was opened for the
first time to the public three times a week.
From that time the library grew rapidly.
In 1829 a Persian collection was added, and
in 1831-34 the magnificent collection of the
Jesuits of Polotzk, and also books and
manuscripts of the libraries of Rzewuski
and Czartoryski, confiscated after the Pol-
ish insurrection. Under the skilful man-
agement of Baron Korf the "Rossica" was
founded. "Rossica" consisted of books on
Russia in foreign languages — now known
as 'The hall of Baron Korf." Korf made
several trips to foreign countries to consult
men of science and antiquaries, and so ac-
quired rare books, documents, church Sla-
vonic manuscripts, and portraits. From
1850 the library began to issue bulletins
and guidebooks. In 1849, which was the
first year of Korf's administration, 900
readers used the reading room; nine years
later the number of readers was over 4000.
In 1860 a new reading room was built, but
later this was found inadequate, and in
1898 the third reading room was opened.
In the years 1902-1912, inclusive, five mil-
lion books were issued from the library.
THE HANDLEY LIBRARY, WIN-
CHESTER, VA.
THE new Handley Library of Winches-
ter, Va. (dedicated Aug. 21, 1913), a pic-
ture of which appears elsewhere in this is-
sue of the LIBRARY JOURNAL, was built
and endowed from a fund left to the city
of Winchester by Judge John Handley, of
Scranton, Pa.
Judge Handley came to this country from
Ireland at the age of nineteen, and during
the forty-one years of his residence in the
United States he was at no time a resident
of Winchester, or — so far as known — of
the Commonwealth of Virginia. Just why
he chose Winchester to be the recipient of
his bounty is not known. He often ex-
pressed admiration for the habits, the cus-
toms, and the manners of Virginia people ;
one of his closest friends lived a few miles
from Winchester; he was a great admirer
of Stonewall Jackson, who was identified
with the Scotch-Irish people of Winchester
and vicinity; from each or all of these rea-
sons may have sprung his interest in the
town.
During his life he was interested in sev-
eral projects for the improvement of Win-
chester, and at his death in 1895 it was
found that in his will two bequests were
made to the city. By the first the sum of
$250,000 was to be held in trust until it
should amount, with interest, to $500,000,
at which time it should be used for the
construction and endowment of a free pub-
200
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[March, 1914
lie library. The second bequest provided
for the erection of school houses for the
poor.
The provisions of the will decreed that
the bequests should be paid in instalments.
As the funds in their hands enabled them
to do so, the trustees bought the ground on
which the library building is located, en-
tered upon the erection of the building, and,
at a quite recent date, have been able to
complete its equipment with furniture and,
to some extent, with books and periodicals.
The building, including site and furniture,
cost about $145,000, and the remainder of
the bequest will be held as an endowment
fund to maintain the library.
THIRTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING
OF THE ASSOCIATION OF
SWISS LIBRARIANS*
THE practice of holding a joint conven-
tion of German and Swiss librarians as in
May, 1912, at Munich, was not repeated in
The German librarians held their
meeting in Mayence and the Swiss in
I^enzburg, Aargau, Switzerland.
At the joint meeting at Munich in 1912
the Prussian union catalog was shown to
be practically a fait accompli Now we
learn from the convention at Lenzburg
that the creation of a Swiss union catalog
will have the moral and financial support
of the Swiss Government.
On the initiative of the Association of
Swiss Librarians, dating back as far as
1910, the Department of the Interior has
asked the Association for an estimate of the
cost of the undertaking. The Department
and the Committee of the Association have
agree*! that practical data arrived at from
the actual working out of section Daa-
Daxf and of the entries of an author like
•Reported in Zentralblatt fSr Bibliotheksu-esen,
Dec.. <9U. P 556 564.
t At the seventh annual meeting of the Association
in 1907. the need of a Swiss union catalog was dis-
cussed, and Dr. Hans Barth reported that he had
interfiled the Utles of letter D of fifteen Swiss libra-
rk» into one alphabet for the purpo*- of getting at a
•ooad bttift rrnt of the work and its ex-
pense. Berth's collection has been placed at the dis-
posal of the Association, and will form the nucleus into
which the title* of the -<••.• of the libraries will b*
interfiled. For details of Barth's work, see Siebentc
VtrMmmlnng schw*istrvcher Bibliothekare, Zlbl. f.
Bw.t 1007, p. 3*3-3*7-
Albr. von Haller who is well represented
both in German and French, shall form
the basis for the financial estimate. The
work on section Daa-Daz will be done at
the Municipal Library of Zurich. About
60 libraries are expected to participate;
e. g. all public libraries of the Confedera-
tion, of the cantons, of the large cities and
communities, the larger official (govern-
ment) libraries and the libraries of several
learned societies.
As usual in such cases questionnaires
have been sent to them and the number of
answers received so far insures the under-
taking of the test and gives fair promise
of success for the future of the entire
catalog.
The project of the Swiss union catalog
brings up anew that of Swiss uniform cat-
aloging rules. A draft of rules was sub-
mitted on which criticism was invited. The
final readings and its adoption were de-
ferred to the next convention. No details
of the proposed rules are given in the pres-
ent report. At the joint convention of
Munich 1912, Dr. Escher has gone into a
very minute discussion of the possibilities
and impossibilities of Swiss uniform cata-
loging rules in connection with the pro-
posed code of German uniform cataloging
rules.* He now somewhat modifies his
former views stating that in 1912 he had
overestimated the extent of uniformity in
the choice of the first word of order in the
case of anonymous entries, especially for
the western libraries which are more un-
der French influence than he was previously
led to believe.
It is to be regretted that owing to the
participation of the Swiss libraries in the
Swiss national exhibition at Bern, they will
not be represented in the international ex-
hibition of the book industry and the gra-
phic arts at Leipsic.
The exhibition of the Swiss libraries at
Bern will be more of a collective than of
an individual character. General statistics
covering the entire library work of the
country and the time from Heitz's statis-
• Zlbl. f. Btt'., 1912, p. 321-332; reviewed in L. T-,
12, p. 559-562.
March, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
201
tics for 1868* to the present; the test
fragment Daa-Daz of the Swiss union cat-
alog; collections, plans, furniture; author
and subject catalogs; forms and blanks,
will constitute the leading features of the
exhibit.
Other interesting topics of the conven-
tion are the financial report on the new
edition of the list of journals of Swiss li-
braries ;f the report on the inventory of
incunabula in Swiss libraries, to which so
far about 12,800 entries have been prom-
ised and more than 11,500 have already
been contributed; an address by Dr. C.
Roth (Basel) "Ueber die Buecherzensur
im aiten Basel," and one by Dr. C. Benzi-
ger (Bern) on "Wiinsche und Richtlinien
fiir das schweizerische Bibliothekswesen ;"
and, last but not least, a report on the sale
of the Kully Library.
At this sale of the Kully Library a pre-
cedent was established for national library
policy. A strong feature of the Kully Li-
brary was in its Helvetica. In order to
prevent their drifting into foreign hands
ten of the leading Swiss libraries formed a
combine for their purchase. They were
bought in bulk, temporarily deposited in the
National Library at Bern, and later dis-
tributed to members of the combine to the
entire satisfaction of all concerned. Will
Europe profit from this lesson taught by
the Swiss libraries? If it does, we Amer-
icans will have no reason to rejoice in the
establishment of such precedent.
GERMAN LIBRARY CONVENTION AT
MAYENCE
At the fourteenth convention of German
librarians in Mayence, May 15 and 16,
1913, referred to in the foregoing, the
following topics were discussed: The
manuscript maps of Ptolemy and their
development during the epoch of the re-
naissance; The "Deutsche Biicherei" in
Leipsic ; Problems and methods of the pres-
ent-day Gutenberg research; Report of the
* Ernst Heitz: Die oflfentlichen Bibliotheken der
Schweiz im Jahre 1868. Nach dem von der schweize-
rischen statistischen Gesellschaft gesammelten Material
bearbeitet. Hrsg. von der schweizerischen statis-
tischen Gesellschaft. Les bibliotheques de la Suisse en
1868. Basel, Schweighauser, 187.2.
t Zeitschriften-verzeichnis der schweizerischen Bib-
liotheken, 1911. 2. Aufl. Zurich, Verlag der Ver-
einigung, 1912.
Commission on binding material; Report
of the Commission on methods of adminis-
tration; Preservation and cataloging of
manuscripts and printed matter used as
end papers on inside of book covers; and
The Mayence municipal library. The
meeting of the V. D. B. (the German li-
brarians' association) closed the session the
second day. From the printed report of
the convention some interesting features
may be noted.
The main topics of the 1912 convention
(reviewed in the October and November
numbers of the LIBRARY JOURNAL, 1912),
were the problems of uniform cataloging
rules and the Prussian union catalog. The
star features of the 1913 gathering were
the addresses on the "Manuscript maps of
Ptolemy," by Dr. P. Dinse, and "Problems
and methods of the present-day Gutenberg
research," by Dr. G. Zedler.
Dr. Dinse gave an historical and com-
parative study of the codices and pleads
for recognition of the great cartographer
of the classical period. A mere review of
his technical article would utterly fail to
bring the author's earnest work home to
the uninitiated, and it would be too vague
to satisfy the earnest student of carto-
graphy, to whom nothing short of the orig-
inal, or at least a translation, would and
could be of real service. Of special in-
terest is Dr. Dinse's statement that the
time is ripe for an exhaustive history of
cartography. Many were the writers on
special maps, individual cartographers, cer-
tain periods, etc., during the last decades,
but no man has been found to cover the
entire field.
The reading of Dr. Zedler's article on
the "Problems and methods of the present-
day's Gutenberg research" confirms in me
the realization that our American concep-
tions, not to say standards, of library work
are quite different from those of others. I
feel not only inclined but compelled to re-
peat what I said with regard to Dr. Dinse's
study on Ptolemy that a mere review does
not benefit the uninitiated and is useless to
the man who is right at home in this
branch of learning.
To which class do we American libra-
rians belong? Are we the uninitiated, or
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[March, 1914
do we consider a study on Gutenberg and
kindred subjects as falling within the range
of our field? Do we care and find time
to read a study of this character, and, if
\\ i- do read it, do we find delight in doing
so. and does its reading arouse in us a
re and longing to take part in such
work? Or are we so wrapped up in our
problems of cataloging and classifying, and
in the administration and financing of our
libraries that we look upon these functions
as our sole and only duties?
Dr. Paalzow's address on the "Deutsche
Bucherei" in Leipsic has been published in
the Borscnblatt fur den dcutschcn Buch-
liandel and consequently does not appear
in the proceedings of the convention. In
the debate following the address stress was
laid on the fact that the "Bucherei" will
collect also German literature of foreign
countries. Since newspapers are to be ex-
cluded from this new German library, the
suggestion was made that a limited collec-
tion of German newspapers, including
those of the colonies be established in con-
nection with the Royal Library of Berlin.
A committee to report on the organization
of this collection was appointed during the
meeting of the members of the German
librarians' association.
Reporting for the Commission on binding
material Dr. Paalzow stated that it has
been shown that a firm, or to be more ex-
plicit, one out of a number of firms, has
been not quite conscientious in stamping its
leather with its guarantee. Also several
dealers in bookbinding material seem to
have been somewhat "liberal" (weithersig)
<-ir interpretation of the regulations.
!!<• thinks that the Commission should be
given greater power and that number 16 of
the regulations should be changed so that
id of the dealer the manufacturer will
be responsible for the guarantee. A manu-
facturer of Mayence has produced several
leather dyes which are supposed to be ex-
ceptionally light proof.
The regulations for textile binding ma-
terial are found to be too general. They
do not cover, like those of the Bureau of
Standards for our legal buckram, the thick-
md weight of the material, its tensile
strength, folding endurance, absorption of
moisture, etc. Great difficulty is experi-
enced in inducing firms to manufacture
marbled glazed paper (Tunkpapier) which
will meet with the standards set by the
regulations. Only one firm, the "Aktienge-
sellschaft fur Buntpapier-fabrikation" at
Aschaffenburg has made an earnest effort
and furnishes an assortment of such paper,
produced from solid and dyed (durchge-
farbt) material. Another firm, Valentin
of Berlin, has consented to experiment in
the same line.
Strong opposition, dating back to a pro-
test voiced at the convention at Eisenach
1908* has manifested itself against wire
sewing. The publishers have been apprised
of the wishes of the librarians through the
Borsenblatt on several occasions.! A
strict boycott has been suggested, and has
by some libraries actually been tried in
order to force reluctant publishers to
abandon this cheap and, as we all have
experienced, most unsatisfactory method of
binding. A resolution to the effect that all
German libraries be requested to boycott
all wire bound material was adopted
unanimously.
While the search after rarities among
the manuscript and printed material used
as endpapers (Makulatur) has been going
on for several decades in many of the
European libraries, the first printed word
on the subject was, according to Dr. G.
Kohfeldt, published in 1908 by Dr. Haeb-
ler^:, who urgently requests that such ma-
terial be collected in accordance with some
definite system and thus be made acces-
sible to the learned world. Beside such
finds as single leaf calendars, letters of
indulgence, publishers' and sales announce-
ments, woodcuts and ornaments, many of
the old folio covers hide a multitude of
fragments, in manuscript or print, of liter-
ary products or fragments of works in-
valuable as historical or other source ma-
terial.
Dr. Kohfeldt has sent a questionnaire
to the twenty-one German university li-
' Cf. Zlb. f. Bw., 1908, p. 383-385.
t Borscnblatt, 1908, no. 275, Nov. 26; and 1909,
no. ii, J?n. 15, p. 580.
t Makulatur-forsclivng, p. 535-544 of Zlbl. f. Bw.,
790:$.
March, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
203
braries, to the fifteen largest and oldest
German government and municipal libra-
ries and to the libraries of Vienna, Copen-
hagen and Upsala, to the British Museum,
and to the Bibliotheque Nationale, in all
to forty-one institutions. The two main
questions were: (i) Does your library-
possess a list of books in the binding of
which valuable manuscripts and printed
matter have been used as end papers? (2)
Has the presence of such material been
regularly indicated on the entry for the
volumes in which the material is found?
Only two libraries failed to respond. The
rest answered the first query with "no."
About ten modified their answer somewhat
by stating that occasional notes were made.
or that the manuscripts were recorded, or
that such a list would be soon begun. As
answer to the second question, twenty-nine
sent in an unrestricted "no," while two re-
ported that usually they make notes as de-
scribed in the question, and eight others
state that they .make notes "here and
there."
The suggestion to hold an international
conference of librarians in connection with
the coming exhibition at Leipsic was dis-
cussed at the meeting of the V. D. B.
While the decision in such matters rests
with "Commission permanente" the time
is believed to be too short to make the
plan feasible. However, the German li-
brarians expect to invite their foreign col-
leagues to the convention which is to take
place in Leipsic at the end of May or be-
ginning of June.
JOHANNES MATTERN.
THE NEW BANGOR, ME., PUBLIC
LIBRARY
ON Saturday, the 2oth of December,
1913, the new Bangor (Me.) Public Library
was opened for use.
Though the institution had its origin in
1883, this is its first real home. For
twenty-eight years it occupied rented
quarters in a business block, until, in the
great fire of April 30, 1911, its entire col-
lection of 70,000 volumes and upwards of
10,000 pamphlets was swept away. Since
that time the library has had a cramped
and unsatisfactory location in the Penob-
scot County Court House. *
The new building was designed by Pea-
body and Stearns, of Boston, and con-
structed by George H. Wilbur and Son, of
Old Town, Me. The corner stone was laid
June 18, 1912. It stands on Harlow Street,
near the business section, facing southwest
and flanked by the splendid new High
School building on the one side and on the
other by a triangular park, extending to
Centre Street, across which is the square
where the new U. S. Post Office and
government building will be erected the
present year. In the rear a hill rises al-
most precipitously, while across Harlow
Street a small city park, as yet unimproved,
extends down to the Kenduskeag.
The materials used in the building are a
light tapestry brick, with base and carved
work of Fox Island granite and trimmings
of artificial stone. The building is fire-
proof, and the entire cost about $160,000.
Though a public library, it is notable that
the city has not paid a cent for its con-
struction; neither is it a memorial to any-
one, nor a gift from any individual. A
building fund has been accumulating for
twenty years in the hands of the board of
trustees, added to from time to time by
gifts and bequests; so the structure is the
gift of many citizens, past and present.
Erected so soon after the fire, naturally
every precaution has been taken to safe-
guard the collections in their new home.
The edifice really comprises two parts; the
main building facing on the street, with a
single story and basement connecting struc-
ture in the rear which is lighted in the
center by skylights ; and the stack building.
The frontage on the street is 134 feet, and
extreme depth from entrance to rear of
stack 103 feet.
The main building consists of two stories
and basement. The entrance, delivery hall,
desk and space at rear occupy the center
axis of the first floor, with main reading
room (lighted on three sides) and refer-
ence room at the left and children's depart-
ment on the right. The children's entrance
is on this side. The librarian's office and
cataloging room open into the space at
rear of delivery desk. Practically the en-
204
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[March, 1914
tire equipment was furnished by the Li-
brary Bureau.
The stack building is reached only at the
rear of the desk, through two entrances,
each closed by two metal doors; and with
walls of brick, small wire glass windows,
glass floors and steel stacks, there is abso-
lutely nothing in the structure to burn save
the books, so the main building, fireproof
though it is, might be consumed without
endangering this.
The stack building was constructed for
four floors, with a total book capacity of
over 300,000; at present the main floor
and half the basement only are shelved,
providing shelving for about 100,000 vol-
umes. The Snead stack has been installed.
The second story of the main building
comprises a beautiful upper hall with the
ory and Fine Arts room on one side
and a small lecture room, seating 120, on
the other, each lighted from overhead.
The basement contains the board of man-
agers' room, packing and storage rooms,
public toilet rooms, study rooms, staff coat
and lunch rooms, janitor's room, disinfect-
ing room, machinery room, etc.
The natural lighting throughout is very
satisfactory; in fact not a few have com-
mented upon it as the best lighted library
they ever saw. The entire structure is
liRhtcd by electricity, several different sys-
tems of direct and indirect light being used
in the various departments. There are
also a few emergency gas lights.
The interior woodwork is of oak, stained
and treated with two coats of shellac and
two of varnish, rubbed with pumice stone
and oil to a dull mission finish. The walls
and ceilings are of plaster on terra cotta,
finished with water color in light umber
tints. The floor of the entrance hall and
the stairways are of white marble; other
floor surfaces of composition.
Steam heat is furnished from the city
heating plant across the street; under low
ity system. The ventilation
is very satisfactory. C. A. F.
'1'n ERE are three classes of readers: some
enjoy without judgment, others judge with-
out enjoyment, and some there are who
judge while they enjoy and enjoy while
they judge.— GOETHE.
FRANK AVERY HUTCHINS
FRANK AVERY HUTCHINS, first secretary
of the Wisconsin Free Library Commis-
sion and widely known as a librarian, died
at his home in Madison, Wis., Jan. 26,
from the effects of a paralytic stroke re-
ceived several years ago. At the time of
his death Mr. Hutchins was head of the
extension department of debating and pub-
lic discussion in the University of Wiscon-
sin. He was a pioneer in the field of li-
brary work, his continued efforts being re-
sponsible for the Wisconsin Free Library
Commission and its outgrowth, the legisla-
tive reference library. He was a trustee
of the Free Library at Madison, a member
of the American Library Institute and the
American Library Association, and an ac-
tive worker for each.
Mr. Hutchins was born in Norwalk, O.f
in 1850. When he was two years old his
parents went to Sharon, Wis. His first
public work was done as city clerk and
editor of a paper in Beaver Dam, Wis.
There he conceived the idea of interesting
the people in the affairs of their city and
the state. He finally brought about the es-
tablishment of the Williams Free Library.
In 1891 he became librarian clerk in the
state superintendent's office at Madison.
During this time the idea which resulted
in the Wisconsin Free Library Commission
was conceived. For six years he was head
of the commission. His next and last work
was the organization of the extension de-
partment of debating and public discussion
of the University of Wisconsin, with its
famous "package" library.
Outside of the men associated with him
in the library and university work, Mr.
Hutchins was scarcely known. He was an
extraordinarily modest man, but that his
worth was recognized by those who did
know him was attested by the banquet
given in his honor in 1912 by his col-
leagues, at which hundreds of letters from
friends in different parts of the country,
unable to be present, but who desired to
express their appreciation of Mr. Hutchins
and his work, were read.
March, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
205
RESOLUTIONS ON THE DEATH OF Carmi, Illinois 10,000
WILLIAM C. KIMBALL Ephraim City, Utah 10,000
AT a meeting of the board of trustees of Gothenburg, Nebraska 8,000
the Passaic, N. J., Library held Monday Hobart, Indiana (Town and Town-
evening, Jan. 26, at which Mr. Robert D. ship) . . ; 16,000
Benson was elected president, the follow- Laurel, Mississippi 12,000
ing resolutions relative to the death of Mountain Iron, Minnesota 8,000
William C. Kimball were passed: Oxford Town and Oak Grove
"With grief the trustees of the Passaic Township, Indiana 8,000
Public Library record the death on Jan. Palmetto, Florida 10,000
17, 1914, of their president, Mr. William Platteville, Wisconsin 12,500
C. Kimball, who served as a trustee of this San Anselmo, California 10,000
library for twenty years, and as president Savannah, Georgia 75>°°°
of the board of trustees for the past twelve Thief River Falls, Minnesota 12,500
years. Vacaville, California (Town and
"To Mr. Kimball, more than to any other Township) 12,500
man, was due the wonderful growth of Woodburn, Oregon 10,000
library work in Passaic during recent
years. Before he became trustee, he as- $228,000
sisted in providing necessary funds and INCREASES, UNITED STATES
books, and from the day of his appoint- Graceville, Minnesota (City and
ment to his death, the good of the library Township) 1,000
was ever uppermost in his thought. He Lake wood, Ohio 25,000
was untiring in his work for its betterment,
and his example was an incentive to all $26,000
his associates. He took the keenest de- ORIGINAL GIFT, CANADA
light in the successful work of the li- park Hill, Ontario $8,000
brary among children and the foreign-born
citizens of Passaic; and well he might, for
this success was largely due to his careful EXHIBIT OF LABOR SAVING
oversight and personal efforts. DEVICES
"That his work was appreciated outside
his community is shown by his appoint- AN exhibit and demonstration of labor-
ment as a member of the New Jersey savm£ devices adapted to library use will
State Library Commission and his election be held> under the diction of the A, L. A.
as president of that body. Committee on Library Administration, in
"In the death of Mr. Kimball, the city connection with the Washington confer-
loses an able official who was a power for ence> Ma>" 2^°' J9i4- The exhibit will
?ood in the community, the library a sym- include niechanical devices of all kinds,
pathetic and indefatigable worker, and the from exPensive equipment which only the
trustees a friend whose kind heart and good larpst llbraries would need or could afford
deeds will long be cherished in loving to inexpensive devices and appliances with-
memory. *n tne reacn °* even the smallest libraries.
"Resolved, That this tribute be spread The committee wish to have as many
in the minutes of this meeting, and a copy firms and devlces as possible represented m
suitably engrossed sent to Mrs. Kimball." this exhibit, but on account of the limited
space available a careful selection will have
CARNEGIE CORPORATION LIBRARY t0, be m?df. fr°m ~? krg! nu-mbe! °f H"
r-rc-rc T A -\TTT\-DV slble exhibitors. The undersigned will be
TS, JANUARY, 1914 yery gkd to recdve from any Hbrarians
ORIGINAL GIFTS, UNITED STATES suggestions of devices and appliances
Belmar, New Jersey $8,000 which they would recommend for inclu-
Browns Valley, Minnesota 5>5oo sion in the exhibit, either because they have
206
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[March, 1914
used them and know them to be good or
because they would like an opportunity to
inspect them and see them demonstrated.
The commitee will also be glad to secure
information concerning any time-saving
methods which have been successfully
adopted in any library for simplifying rou-
tine work. Just how such information
can best be used has not yet been decided,
but the exhibit of mechanical devices
seems to offer a favorable time for making
known to all librarians, in some way, the
successful efforts which have been made
by many to apply "scientific management"
principles to library work.
C. SEYMOUR THOMPSON,
The Public Library,
Washington, D. C.
TO PROMOTE LIBRARY PUBLICITY
THE American Library Association has
recently sent out to about 150 of the lead-
ing libraries of the country a circular letter
asking the libraries to co-operate with the
A. L. A. in an effort to secure greater
publicity for library work. A selected list
of newspapers accompanies the letter, and
each library is asked to send copies of its
annual report to the papers on the list,
blue-pencilling any features which might be
considered "news" outside its own locality.
In addition the libraries are asked to send
to the A. L. A. headquarters items of li-
brary news interest from their vicinity;
to try to obtain permission from leading
local papers to run a regular "Library col-
umn"; and to send the name of any paper
conducting such a column to A. L. A.
headquarters that additional news items
may be sent it from time to time.
DR. JOHNSTON'S WORK AT CO-
LUMBIA.
1 \ an article in the Columbia Alumni
News, which is accompanied by a por-
trait, the work of William Dawson John-
ston as librarian of Columbia University
Library is briefly summarized.
Though there was no increase in the gen-
eral funds for the purchase of books during
his term of service, noteworthy progress
was made along other lines. While the
enrolment of the university has been
doubling, the use of its library has quad-
rupled, reaching last year almost the mil-
lion mark.
It was during Dr. Johnston's administra-
tion, in 1912, that department libraries
were established. The schools of Law, Po-
litical Science, and Philosophy removed
their collections from the library building
and the libraries of the Schools of Natural
Science and Applied Science were devel-
oped, and expert department librarians ap-
pointed. Closer relations were established
with the New York Public Library, and
relations with affiliated institutions such as
the American Museum of Natural History
and the Metropolitan Museum of Art were
made much closer. To facilitate this plan
the librarian of the Natural History Mu-
seum was made honorary curator of the
natural science libraries of the university.
Reading room service has also been
greatly improved, better and more econom-
ical methods of cataloging have been in-
troduced, a union catalog has been estab-
lished in the library, and a library bindery
has been started.
In 1909 the library began to issue the
University bibliography as a separate pub-
lication, and this record of the publica-
tions of the university and its officers is
now recognized as a model of its kind.
Dr. Johnston also took an active interest
in building up the collection of Columbiana,
now approaching completeness.
One of the officers of the university has
summed up the changes made during the
four years of Dr. Johnston's administra-
tion in the words: "Dr. Johnston found a
college library and is leaving a university
library."
A NATION'S literature is its power of so
stating its ideals that we will not need to
be shrewd for them — its power of express-
ing its ideals in words, of tracing out ideals
on white paper, so that ideals shall enthrall
the people, so that ideals shall be conta-
gious, shall breathe and be breathed into
us, so that ideals shall be caught up in the
voices of men and sung in the streets. —
GERALD STANLEY LEE, in "Crowds."
March, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
207
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS AS A COM-
MERCIAL FACTOR
BY WILLIAM R. REINICK
THE day of estimating the work of the
library by the number of books circulated,
a majority of them fiction, is rapidly pass-
ing, and it is now being recognized by Li-
brarians and Boards of Trustees, that too
great a value has been placed on circula-
tion, often neglecting the reference work
of the library. A business firm or an
investigator, by finding one item relating
to his particular line, might be led to make
a new invention, start a new line of trade,
or send goods to another locality, resulting
in increased business and giving additional
employment. Statistics along these lines
are almost impossible to obtain, but obser-
vation and a little reasoning will at once
show that the latter is of far more value
to mankind, than the reading of hundreds
of works of fiction, especially when the
librarian is able to directly assist the re-
searcher.
The official publications of the various
governments, states and cities, constantly
contain articles of great value to the in-
dustrial and commercial world, but until
recently these have not been appreciated,
due no doubt, to the unsystematic manner
of publication, and the still more important
fact that no serious effort has been made
to bring these publications to the notice
of those who would obtain the greatest
results.
It seems unnecessary to give the rea-
sons why a collection of documents should
be a very important factor in the com-
mercial life of a city, as the collecting of
reports by the special libraries gives con-
clusive evidence of their value.
In order to properly take up a new com-
mercial line, or endeavor to enlarge the
amount of business transacted by a firm
already established, one should, in order to
judge properly as to the right course to
pursue, examine the ground thoroughly,
note the supply of raw material close at
hand, and cost of transportation, if the
factory is at a distance from the source of
supply, so that this will not eat up the
profit, meaning a loss. The labor market,
cost of food, rent of houses, and numerous
other items all have to have careful con-
sideration, especially as the trend of all
legislation to-day is to increase the amount
of money paid to labor. Also, as to the
articles manufactured, find where the best
markets are for his wares, what opposition
he is likely to encounter in entering new
territories, mode of packing, length of
credit to be given, customs duties, protec-
tion of patented articles in foreign coun-
tries, effect of the climate on the goods he
intends to sell, and many other points.
A firm engaged in the manufacture of
electric and gas lamp posts, should be able
to obtain illustrations of those in use in
other cities of the world, their selling price,
and any criticism as to their durability,
adverse or favorable. This data might
also enable the firm to suggest improve-
ments, which would give more satisfactory
results.
A house selling goods, which would come
under the regulations of the Pure Food and
Drugs Acts, national or state, wants in the
shortest possible time, access to publica-
tions containing the rules and regulations,
stating the manner in which goods must be
labelled to be sold in a certain locality. If
they write to Washington, or the capital
of the state to which they want to ship
goods, and wait for the report, it often
means that the sale is lost, as a purchaser,
being frequently in a hurry, cancels the
order and buys from a nearby house.
A company engaged in making clothing,
generally has a large number of rolls of
cloth on hand, and if these contain wool,
they are often attacked by insect life.
Writing a letter requesting a remedy, and
waiting a number of days for the reply,
means a loss of goods and money, which
could have been avoided, if the firm, with-
in a few hours after the discovery of the
ravages, could have obtained a report giv-
ing the necessary remedies.
The documents which seem to have the
least practical use (according to the jokes
about them) are the weather reports.
Rut quite a number of persons wishing to
go away for their heaith, or invest in lands
for agricultural pusuits, or to change their
habitations, have come in with the folders
208
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[March, 1914
issued by land companies, railroads, etc.,
describing the location as a paradise on
earth, and able to return five dollars on
every dollar expended, within the year, giv-
ing testimonials (like patent medicine com-
panies), and with beautiful illustrations of
homes supposed to be located there, the
temperature even all year round, rain when
you want it, and the railroad station at
your door, a beautiful river and superb
shade trees. The intended victim by re-
ferring to these much abused documents,
and also the agricultural and geological
reports, gets a true idea of things. These
publications give cold facts of the actual
conditions of the location (so beautifully
described and illustrated in the folders),
and will most likely state that there is a
dirty little stream in the spring, drying up
in the summer, the climate is very, hot in
summer and cold in winter, rainfall once
in a while, and then the stream overflows
and carries everything to destruction. The
nearest railroad station is forty miles away,
and trains run once a day.
The intended investor or new inhabitant
has his eyes opened to the true condition
of affairs, and thus he is enabled to save
his health, time and money.
firm gives out a rosy statement of
certain mines asking investors to come in,
often using quotations from official re-
ports (changed or only partly quoted, so
as to read as though their scheme was the
only one in the land in which to invest).
The investor by using documents, will often
find the true facts (about the fabulous ricii
mines, etc.,) to be, that the mine has been
practically worked out, leaving only the
skimmed milk.
Documents furnished a company with
scientific and statistical facts, by which the
company will be able to start an entirely
new industry, giving employment to a large
number of persons directly, and many more
indirectly, besides providing a nutritious
meat at a price very much below that of
cattle.
P remoter, by using the reports on tur-
pentine, organized a company to engage in
the manufacture of naval stores, which is
now very successful.
The geological maps of a certain district,
by showing the value of the clay beneath
the top soil, increased the value of a piece
of land, formerly used for farming, many
fold.
An engraving company, through docu-
ments, was enabled to ascertain whenever
a bond issue was being considered, and by
tvriting at once to the city, state or govern-
ment giving consideration of floating a
loan, obtained a number of orders.
Representatives of foreign bodies are
constantly using documents for reports to
be published in their own country for the
use of investors and immigrants.
The monetary value of these documents
to the commercial world cannot be given
in figures, because one is seldom able to
follow up the use made of the data col-
lected by the investigators, but the results
of any one of the above is of far more
value than the circulation of a large num-
ber of volumes of fiction.
During my twenty-one years of experi-
ence in document work, having been in
contact with the investigators, I have come
to know the real value of documents, but
the question arises, how may we make
them of greater value to the community, at
the lowest possible expenditure of money
consistent with efficiency, and the follow-
ing solution is suggested:
First — A collection of documents to be
of commercial value should be located in
the business portion of the city, and the
department should be open in the evenings.
Second — The assistants should, whenever
possible, besides having a general knowl-
edge of the collection, take up some special
study using the documents wherever they
are able, and if possible, have a working
knowledge of one of the languages. A
person asking for information on a sub-
ject studied by one of the assistants, would
be assisted by this one, and would obtain
better results.
Third — Bibliographies and finding lists,
to be distributed and also noted in the
newspapers.
Fourth— From time to time, workers en-
gaged in particular lines, should be invited
to come to the library to hear some ex-
pert speak upon his subject, who would
emphasize the value of data in order
March, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
209
to obtain the best results. At the same
time, the library would display in cases or
upon tables the material bearing upon the
subjects spoken of, and the workers hear-
ing of the value of books, and seeing the
quantity of valuable publications at their
disposal, would gradually recognize the
value of the volumes to them personally,
and make use of them in their daily work.
Fifth — A bulletin, issued daily if possible,
giving a list of all current reports, and the
papers contained in them, which the library
receives, arranged by subjects; also when
the article is of value, a notation of the
particular point mentioned in the paper.
These bulletins could be made on a multi-
graph or some other similar machine, and
sold at cost, and between time the machine
could be used to do the printing needed by
the library; or, print this information on
cards, and sell to the firms all cards on the
subjects selected by them at so much per
card, as is done by the Library of Con-
gress. By doing this on cards, the firms
subscribing to them, and also the library,
could at once place them in the catalog.
There are many firms, who would gladly
avail themselves of this privilege if the
library would undertake to supply the in-
dex. Dod's building reports only note
when bids are requested, but in many cases
we could give the information as soon as
they were contemplated.
Sixth — In order to obtain the greatest
possible results, particular stress should be
given to the efficiency of the Directors and
of assistants, especially where they are to
come into daily contact with this commer-
cial world, and the report of the Joint
Committee of the National Municipal
League and the National Civil Service Re-
form League, upon "The selection and re-
tention of experts in municipal office" is of
special value as it recognizes that the Bu-
reau Directors should be protected against
removal, except for just cause.
It is hardly necessary to say that the
document as a commercial factor can be
made of increasing value, as anyone who
has at heart the uplifting and advancement
of mankind, by looking round, is able to
see where hundreds, yea thousands would
be in a better position, if they had a greater
knowledge of the business in which they
are engaged. A glance at the history of
the world will at once show that advance-
ment only comes to those, who by their
power to acquire and properly use knowl-
edge, prove their capability, and the neces-
sity of one's possessing this to properly
exist is becoming more apparent each year,
in this age of commerce.
To-day, the library which had the fore-
sight to collect documents, when they were,
as they still are by some, looked upon as
junk, and were easily obtainable, can now
see the difficulty which other libraries, and
especially some of the special libraries are
having, sometimes paying quite large sums
for the volumes to complete their sets, and
often failing, can look with pride upon its
own collections, complete sets obtained with
little money arid now ready to be made of
value to the commercial . world, a value
which will further increase with the growth
of commerce with South America, when the
Panama Canal is completed.
LEARNING TO READ
I WONDER why it takes so long
To make the letters shape a song?
And how the words can ever know —
All down the pages — where to go?
Sometimes alone a letter stands;
Sometimes the words take hold of hands ;
I see them gather thick and black,
Then turn about and travel back;
I look just where they were before,
And find they aren't there any more.
But Mother says, "Most words are queer
Until you come to know them, dear."
It seems, no matter what they do,
She knows where they are going to,
And reads some books all through again.
One song there is about the rain
That has a comfortable sound —
"The rain is raining all around";
When I just read it in the book,
How strange the marching letters look.
But hearing her, I seem to see
Ships and umbrellas, field and tree.
— GRACE HAZARD CONKLING,
in The Craftsman.
210
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[March, 1914
A SELECTED LIST OF PERIODICALS
American Homes and Gardens ?3-oo
FOR SMALL LIBRARIES. Boston Cooking School Magazine i.oo
Current Opinion 3-°°
A COMMITTEE appointed at the fall meet-
ing of the Massachusetts Library club
unanimously reports the following resolu- school Arts Magazine..,..... 2.00
Scribncr's Magasin* 3-oo
*lon- Technical World • '-SQ
The members of the Massachusetts Li- ^6
brary Club view with strong disapproval Group 4
the alarming decadence in tone of many of American City. $2-00
the leading American periodicals, and flS/SSV^*^**'^^'^'^1**''* 'Republic's. I'.ol
emphatically protest against the tendency ^tfntan ;;;;;;";;;;;;!!'.!!.'!.V.V.V.V.V.V.' JSo
recently so manifest to cater to sordid sen- Etude' Y.Y.Y .'.... 1-50
sationaiism, indecent suggestion, and to ^^^^ty^:::::::::::;:::^
OCrverted taste. Scientific American Supplement 5-00
System 2.00
The committee has had several meetings,
at which have been discussed the merits Group 5
and demerits of certain leading periodicals, Education $3-00
and it has prepared the appended list of S^.fj^..1.1.^??::::::::::::::::::!:;::: Ill
fifty magazines, which are recommended House Beautiful 3-00
for small libraries, arranged in groups of pJ5^'<^rtr^Y///////////////.!";J>>!!^ 1^50
ten, to cover the demands of libraries **«•** C«8/6] 4.40-5
subscribing to ten, twenty, thirty, forty, or Life 5-00
fifty periodicals. It is not to be understood spectator '.\'. '.'.'. \\'.'. '.'.'.'.'.'. \". ::::'.'. ^.'. '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.' 6.25°?
that all of the reputable journals are in- Travel • 3-"°
eluded. The list is limited by the number $35.75
chosen, and by the plan by which the com- AeronaHtics Sp'd°l "*' /"*
mittee endeavors to put in each group of A^merTcan" Architect. \'.'.'.'.\\\\\\'.'.'. '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.''. xo.oo
ten, magazines which should appeal to the £S3J£ ^i^fc,/;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;•£
various classes Of a community. A list has Annals of American Academy 5.00
.... . Bird Lore i.oo
also been made of twenty magazines, Bon Ton 3.50
covering special subjects of a more or less gSS^f 'A^STf?! '. '. '. '. '. '. '. I .' ! '. '. '. I ! 34 oo
technical nature. One or more of this spe- Forest and Stream 3.oo
cial list could be inserted in the place of
one in each group of ten, according to the *f™«
demands Of each locality. Missionary Review of the World 2.50
Musician 1.50
National Municipal Review 5.00
<*r°»P «• Political Science Quarterly , 3.00
Atlantic $4.00 Printing Art 3.03
Harper's Magajtine 4.00 Yachting 2.00
National Geographic Magaeine 2.50
ft**"*. 3-00 $60.50
Outlook 3.00
Popular Mechanics 1.50
s™nti"cChAmerican'::. Y.V.Y. Y. Y. Y. Y.Y.Y.: ! ! .' .' '. JS NORTH DAKOTA SUMMER COURSE
Horn, 'companion::::::::::::::: : : : : ?:°s: IN LIBRARY METHODS
$28.50 THE University of North Dakota will
$4 oo Q^T ** a dePartment of the summer ses-
' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' .' .' .' .' .' .' .' ; ; .' .' ; ; ; \ \ '. \\ , '.SQ sion, June 22 to July 3 1 , a six weeks' course
I::::!! \\l ™ library methods for the benefit of
J-JJ tefhers or others who have the care of
ftalSZy st 3>0° sch°o1 "'braries. The subjects usually in-
vo?id't ' work : : : : : :::: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : ; %:& eluded in a course of this kind win be cov-
Youth's Companion 2.oo ered. Instruction will be given by the f ol-
$24.50 lowing: Mrs. Minnie C. Budlong, secre-
March, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
211
tary and director of the North Dakota
Public Library Commission ; C. W. Sumner,
librarian of the University of North Da-
kota; Miss S. Blanche Hedrick, assistant
librarian of the University of North Da-
kota; Miss Russell Edwards, cataloger.
This is the third year that the University
of North Dakota has offered a course of
this kind, and it is expected that a number
of teachers will avail themselves of the
opportunity of taking the work. Seven
teachers were enrolled in the work last
year.
LIBRARY INSTRUCTION AT PRATT
INSTITUTE
AN account of what has been accom-
plished in one effort to instruct students
in the use of a library may interest some
who have a like problem to solve. This
instruction at Pratt Institute is given to
nearly two hundred first-year day-class men
in the School of Science and Technology,
and the Applied Science Department of the
library is the laboratory. The School of
Science and Technology is one of the five
schools of which the institute is composed.
It embraces day courses in mechanical and
electrical engineering, industrial chemistry,
machine work, and in carpentry and build-
ing, and evening courses in corresponding
subjects, to which are added some of the
trades.
Pratt Institute Free Library occupies a
separate building, across the street from
the Institute. The Applied Science room
of the library is a reference and reading
room for the general public, and at the
same time is the reference library and read-
ing room of the School of Science and
Technology, there being no departmental li-
braries in the school.
The courses in the school being only two
years in extent, the time of the students is
very fully occupied with the schedule of
studies. It was, therefore, not easy to ob-
tain time for even a short assignment for
library instruction. Formerly it was the
custom of the head of the department to
obtain permission to address the students
in their class rooms at the beginning of
each year. This led in later years to visits
of sections numbering thirty or forty men,
with an instructor, to the library, where
they were talked to and shown around the
department for half an hour. The co-
operation of the school having been enlisted
to this extent, the time seemed ripe last
year for some systematic library training
for the men. The advances of the library
were cordially met and an arrangement was
made by which the school was to assign
each first-year man to five hours' work in
the library. This is two hours' regular
laboratory time and three hours usually re-
quired to prepare reports, but necessarily
the whole five hours are spent in the li-
brary, as the report consists of a short
bibliography.
The men come to the Applied Science
room in groups of five, each man bringing
a printed laboratory assignment slip on
which his instructor has written the sub-
ject of his report. The following subjects
are chosen at random from last year's
work: low temperature measurements, uni-
polar motor, search lights, annealing of
glass, burners for heavy oils, effect of dif-
ferent paints on the efficiency of radiating
surfaces, light standards, design of fric-
tion clutches, efficiency of worm gear, ap-
plications of the gyroscope, block signals,
Humphrey pump, lighting precaution in
mill construction, tan bark as boiler fuel,
use of stranded wire in winding armatures,
gas engine ignition, refrigeration of public
buildings, gas burners for the laboratory,
thermit, construction of ozonator, method
of making aluminum splices, autoclaves,
and so on, through over one hundred and
fifty subjects relating to work in the phys-
ics, chemistry, and electricity laboratories,
and in the shops and drafting rooms.
An index card is made out for each man
on which is recorded his name, the subject
of his report, and the time spent on the
work, the time being entered at the begin-
ning and end of each visit to the library in
connection with the assignment.
The instruction begins with a short talk
on the many kinds of books which go to
make up a library, and on the necessity of
having some systematic method of arrang-
212
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[March, 1914
ing them in shelves in order that confusion
may be avoided and books readily found.
This leads up to the explanation of the
Dcwey decimal classification, the practical
working of which is demonstrated by ref-
erence to the shelves, the 500 and 600
classes with their subdivisions being chosen
as containing the books which the men
would need to use in searching for material
for their reports. After this object lesson
they arc taken to the catalog case, where
the arrangement of cards is explained, and
they arc given some exercise in using it —
finding books by author and subject head-
ing, noting call-numbers on slips and there-
by finding books on the shelves, or obtain-
ing books by presenting call-numbers at the
circulating department.
Technical periodicals are then inspected,
the features of the leading ones being ex-
plained, which leads to methods of search-
ing for matter in bound files of periodicals.
The Engineering Index1 with its annual
cumulation, the Industrial Arts Index,
Chemical Abstracts, and the individual pe-
riodical indexes are examined, attention be-
ing called to their various peculiarities of
arrangement. The indexes of books are
explained, also the value of the literature
references which may be found as foot-
notes or lists in books.
The trade catalog collection and its cata-
log are then inspected.
A short visit is made to the circulating
department, where the men are shown the
full catalog and can see that the same sys-
tem is employed there, and that any one
of the 100,000 books in the library, no mat-
ter what its class, may be found as readily
as are the 3000 technical books in the cat-
alog which they have seen in the Applied
ice room. At the same time they are
told that the same system prevails in prac-
tically every public library which they are
likely to use. The men are then taken
through the stacks, where they see the ar-
rangement of the various classes of books,
which they are told how to obtain
borrowers' cards. This ends the direct in-
s'niction. and has used up a considerable
portion of the first two hours of the time.
The remainder of the five hours time may
be made up at the convenience of the stu-
dent and is devoted to the preparation of the
report, which is in the form of a short bib-
liography on a subject which has been as-
signed by an instructor in the Institute.
A printed and ruled card, 7l/2 x 1 1 in., suit-
able for vertical filing in a case, is em-
ployed for this purpose. The entries are
under four divisions: (a) books, (b) peri-
odicals, (c) trade catalogs, (d) indexes.
Form of entry and space given to each
item are: (i) call-number, i^4 i«- ; (2) ti-
tle, 2^4 in.; (3) author, \% in.; (4) short
note, relating scope of reference and any
other comment which will guide the person
who may be selecting a reference, 3^4 in. ;
(5) date, l/2 in.; (6) vol. no., l/2 in.; (7)
paging, y2 in.
The finished reports are examined and
the students are marked on them as on
laboratory reports. The reports become li-
brary property, are filed, and form valuable
reference matter on hundreds of subjects.
The object in giving this instruction to
first-year men is that they may become fa-
miliar with the library early in their course,
and by using it while in the Institute be
more likely to continue to make use of li-
braries in after years.
The library assignment is popular with
the men. The only man who did not do
the work last year, having been prevented
by illness, asked permission to be admitted
this year. It is gratifying to notice the
independent manner in which these men
proceed to consult catalog and indexes, in
marked contrast with the helplessness of
former classes in this respect.
DONALD HENDRY.
LIBRARY PROGRESS IN NEW YORK
STATE IN 1913
ASA WYNKOOP, head of Public Libraries
Section of the New York State Education
Department, has prepared a comprehensive
summary of library affairs in New York
state for 1913, which contains some inter-
esting facts and figures.
Reports were received last year at the
New York State Education Department
from 477 free lending libraries in the state,
March, 1914!
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
213
showing a total of 4,707,472 volumes in
stock and a circulation of 21,530,294. These
figures show a gain over the previous year
of 13 in the number of libraries reporting,
285,571 in their stock of books, and 1,221,-
118 in circulation. Since 1893, when the
present state system of supervision and aid
for free libraries was adopted, there has
been a five-fold growth in the number of
volumes in free libraries, and a nine-fold
growth in public use of the libraries. The
per capita circulation is now more than six
times greater than in 1893, and notwith-
standing the great increase in stock of
books, the circulation per volume in stock
has almost doubled. There are five times
more books, and each book receives nearly
twice the amount of use.
In their financial statements for the past
year the libraries of the state show a total
of $3,814,875 available for the year's ex-
penses. Of this amount $1,738,420 was
provided from local taxation, $687,955
from interest on endowments, $196,447
from the state (including $136,860 for sup-
port and rehabilitation of the State Li-
brary), $79,023 from gifts, $21,317 from
entertainments, and $1,091,710 from bal-
ances on hand and miscellaneous sources.
Library appropriations from local taxation
were greater by $116,988 than in the pre-
ceding year. The amount expended for
books, periodicals, and binding was $1,030,-
804, and for library salaries $1,661,104. Es-
timating salaries in terms of circulation, it
appears that the libraries are paying jl/2
cents in personal service for each book is-
sued. This, however, includes libraries
where circulation represents perhaps less
than half the service rendered.
Of the 52 cities of the state, 46 are now
provided with free public libraries, two
others have subscription libraries available
to all on the payment of a small fee, two
provide limited library service through
the public-school library, and two pro-
vide no public library facilities whatever.
The latter, however, Lackawanna and Wa-
tervliet, are in a sense parts of neighbor-
ing cities, and individuals may obtain li-
brary privileges from those cities. There
are 24 villages in the state having each a
population of 5,000 or above. In all but
three of these free or public libraries have
been provided. They have an average
stock of 9,174 volumes and an average cir-
culation of 29,651.
The total number of incorporated vil-
lages in the state is 456. In 224 of these,
or just about one-half, there are regularly
chartered free libraries, and in about one-
half of the remainder the school libraries
provide some free library privileges. Out-
side of incorporated cities and villages,
there are 134 communities or districts
which have regularly chartered free libra-
ries, supported in part by district or town
taxes, but depending mainly on voluntary
contributions, membership fees, and pro-
ceeds from entertainments.
Of the total of $1,738,420 appropriated
from local taxes last year for library sup-
port, $1,651,324, or 95 per cent., was pro-
vided by the cities. Greater New York
provided $1,232,366, or 70 per cent., of this
amount. Reduced to a per capita basis, the
figures mean that Greater New York is
paying for each unit of population a library
tax of 25 cents, Buffalo 24 cents, Syracuse
32 cents, Rochester 14 cents, Utica 34 cents,
Mt. Vernon 46 cents, Albany 14 cents,
Yonkers 17 cents, New Rochelle 44 cents,
Poughkeepsie 43 cents, Schenectady 15
cents, Binghamton 22 cents, Niagara Falls
25 cents, Watertown 26 cents, Troy 8 cents,
Auburn 15 cents. The tax per volume cir-
culated in these cities was: Greater New
York 8.6 cents, Buffalo 10 cents, Syracuse
12.5 cents, Rochester 30 cents, Utica 14
cents, Mt. Vernon 9 cents, Albany 4 cents,
Yonkers 7 cents, New Rochelle 10 cents,
Poughkeepsie 12 cents, Schenectady 7
cents, Binghamton 6 cents, Niagara Falls
10 cents, Watertown 9 cents, Troy 6 cents,
Auburn 9 cents. It is worthy of note that
several of the cities which are paying the
highest per capita rate for their libraries
are getting a more than corresponding cir-
culation, so that their tax per unit of issue
is among the lowest, illustrating the fact
that in many cases an increased tax makes
for positive economy in results.
One hundred and ten different libraries
were benefited during the year by gifts or
bequests, each valued at $100 or more, the
largest number of libraries ever thus ben-
214
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[March, 1914
cfited in a single year. The total amount
of gifts and bequests is estimated at $i,-
he greater part of which was for
buildings, grounds, or permanent endow-
ments. The larger gifts were as follows:
- olumbia University, a building to
house the library of architecture and art,
costing $500,000, from S. J. Avery ; to New
York Public Library, by will of W. A.
ccr, one-half his residuary estate and
rivate library; to Glens Falls, by will
of Henry Crandall, estate. worth $500,000,
to be applied at discretion of trustees to
public park, Boys' Saving Club, and public
library; to Hamilton College Library,
$100,000 for a building from unnamed ben-
efactor.
Of the no gifts reported, only three
from Mr. Carnegie, and these repre-
sent less than 3 per cent, of the total value
of the year's gifts. It is worthy of note
also that for every dollar given to libraries
by the state, $32 was given by private
donors.
To complete this survey of the library
resources and activities of the state, there
must be added the statistics of library fa-
<-s and circulation provided by the
State Library, with its unique department
of traveling libraries, which serves as a
free library for all the people of the state,
particularly for those without other library
facilities. Last year small libraries, aver-
aging 41 volumes each, making a total
of 45,651 volumes, were sent for local
use to no less than 1114 localities or
jjn»u|)«» of readers. This was a gain over
previous year of more than 250 libra-
sent out, and is double the number re-
ported ten years ago.
In the library situation of the state as
hole, the most striking feature is, of
course, the rapid development and huge to-
>ho\vn by the great city libraries. Thus
of the total «tock of 4,707,472 volumes in
all the free libraries of the state, 3,459,359
!ti tin cities and 2,051,743 in Greater
York alone; and of the total annual
circulation, numbering 21,530,294 volumes,
'.454 \\ere issued to city borrowers.
•.hen it is considered that 76 per cent.
of the population of the state is contained
in cities, and that the population outside of
cities is now actually less than it was
twenty years ago, the development of li-
braries in the villages and rural districts
of the state must be regarded as even more
notable than that in the cities. Thus, of
the 477 free libraries shown in the year's
reports, 319 are outside of cities, and these
have a total stock of books numbering
1,248,113 and an annual circulation of 3,-
228,840 — an average for each of these li-
braries of 3912 volumes in stock and 10,122
circulation. Of the total gain last year of
1,221,118 in circulation from free libraries,
598,077, or nearly one-half, was from libra-
ries outside of cities, representing only one-
quarter of the population.
The full strength of the showing in the
smaller towns will perhaps best appear
from a comparison with conditions re-
ported in other states having state library
commissions or bureaus of recognized effi-
ciency. Thus, Wisconsin is generally rec-
ognized in the West and Middle West as a
model for other states in its library system
and its library propaganda. It has a pop-
ulation almost exactly equal to that of New
York outside of cities. In the whole of
that state, according to its last report, there
were 165 free libraries, 90 library build-
ings, 987,254 volumes, and a property in
library buildings amounting to $1,764,000.
The extra-city population of New York has
twice the number of free libraries, twice
the number of buildings, a quarter more
books, and a greater valuation in library
buildings than the whole state of Wiscon-
sin.
Indiana, with a population greater than
that of rural New York and a model li-
brary lav/ and commission, reports 145 free
or public libraries and 106 library build-
ings, more than one-half the latter being
gifts from Carnegie. Both in libraries and
buildings rural New York has twice the
facilities reported for the whole of the
Hoosier state.
California, with a population substan-
tially lnn;er than that of rural New York,
and with a model library system, reports
for the whole state 124 free libraries sup-
ported by city tax, 21 county library sys-
tems, 54 subscription libraries, and 60 as-
sociation libraries, a total of 259, of which
March, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
215
not more than 205 are free. It has 117
library buildings, 80 of which are Carnegie
gifts. The total of free libraries and build-
ings is at least a third less than that of the
smaller population in rural New York.
Even Massachusetts, which was the first
state to establish a state department for
library extension, and which boasts a free
library for every township, has fewer free
libraries in operation in proportion to pop-
ulation than the village and country part
of New York.
THE NEW CONNECTICUT STATE
LIBRARY BUILDING
ALTHOUGH the new Connecticut State Li-
brary and Supreme Court building at
Hartford was finished three years ago and
has been in use since that time, it was not
formally turned over to the state until Feb.
10 last, when the building commission
which has had the construction in hand for
ten years, through its president, ex-Senator
Morgan G. Bulkeley, presented the certifi-
cate of the completion of its work to
Governor Simeon E. Baldwin. The exer-
cises attendant upon the ceremony were
held in the beautiful Memorial Hall of the
building, where are deposited the original
charter of the state, and the first constitu-
tion ever drawn, with the table upon which
Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation
Proclamation.
The ceremony itself was simple. Around
the table in the hall were grouped ex-
Governor Bulkeley, who, as president of
the building commission made the address
for it; Governor Simeon E. Baldwin, who
received the building in behalf of the state,
and his two associates on the state library
committee, which will now supervise the
building — Secretary of the State Albert
Phillips and Hon. William Hamersley. The
members of the building commission, ex-
Senator Charles C. Cook, Comptroller
Daniel P. Dunn, H. Wales Lines, Willie O.
Burr and L. W. Robinson, grouped around
the principal actors, while the other specta-
tors stood in an outer circle.
Former Governor Bulkeley in his ad-
dress reviewed the work of the commission
which was appointed in November, 1903.
In 1907 the commission, after having been
twice continued, was directed to secure
land, contract for and fully complete and
furnish a building suitable for the use of
the state as a library, supreme court room
and memorial hall. The cornerstone of this
building was laid on May 25, 1909, and on
November 25, 1910, the state librarian,
George S. Godard, took charge of the
building under the commission. During the
three years and more which have since
passed the new quarters of the library have
been found satisfactory in every respect.
The appropriation made for the building
amounted to $1,665,099.22, of which $1,655,-
693.04 has been expended, leaving a balance
of $10,006.18 in the hands of the treasurer.
Governor Baldwin received the parch-
ment document containing the formal
transferral of the building from the com-
mission to the state, and made a brief ad-
dress, after which he committed the care
of the building to the state librarian.
In accepting the charge Mr. Godard
spoke of the interest he had felt in the
Connecticut State Library since his boy-
hood days, and of the pleasure with which
he accepted a position in it in 1898, under
Dr. Charles J. Hoadley.
LEAGUE OF LIBRARY COMMIS-
SIONS—MID-WEST SECTION
MEETING
THE midwinter meeting of the Mid- West
section of the League of Library Commis-
sions was held in Chicago December 31
and January i.
At the opening session, 25 delegates
were present, representing 13 states. At
the close, the attendance record showed
39 delegates from 15 states; Illinois, In-
diana, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri,
Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio,
Pennsylvania, South Dakota and Wiscon-
sin. More visitors were present than could
be accommodated in the room, all inter-
ested in the animated debates. There was
not a dull moment in the three sessions,
nor a hackneyed discussion. Credit is due
the officers, particularly the president, Miss
Wales, for the way in which things were
216
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[March, 1914
kept moving. No topics were omitted, and
no session lasted overlong.
the first session a letter from State
Librarian Winkler, of Texas, asked for a
collection of cartoons or other illustrations
that could be used in a city campaign for
a public library.
Miss Stearns, of Wisconsin, said that
this work belonged to the A. L. A., and
since the league officers are transient, and
the A. L. A. had collections for public li-
brary work, it could well do work of this
kind.
Mr. Jennings, of Seattle, asked for col-
lections of pamphlets and articles on prac-
tical ways for the establishment of a li-
brary commission. This was also classed
as A. L. A. work.
The general topic was "Co-operation of
public educational forces," and the first
morning's discussion covered "Extension
work and co-operation with specialized
schools of the state university."
Miss Templeton, of Nebraska, opened
the discussion. She said that library com-
missions could do little for students while
in college, that the work of the commission
related more to home study. Its oppor-
tunity for co-operation was with university
extension work, also in correspondence
courses, in developing social centers and
lecture courses. Farmers' institutes, dem-
onstration trains, and county agricultural
experts gave the library commission oppor-
tunity. Where the commission is not rep-
resented, lecturers are usually willing to
describe the work of the commission and
:l>ute leaflets. These agencies adver-
tise the commission, and leave it free to
concentrate on delivery of books. The
great difficulty is scarcity of material of
the right kind.
• Stearns preferred that the commis-
sion do its own advertising, and believed
that an agent of the commission should
attend farmers' institutes, and distribute
leaflets directly to the farmers. This is
done in Wisconsin and the university and
library commission share the expenses.
In Minnesota, representatives of the com-
mission go out under university auspices,
but are paid by the commission.
Miss Stearns thought the university agri-
cultural colleges should send out agricul-
tural libraries.
Miss Baldwin preferred that all traveling
libraries should be confined to the library
commission. Minnesota state schools have
special aid to buy books for their special
courses, which in time will mean establish-
ment of special libraries, particularly local
agricultural libraries.
A paper by Mrs. Elizabeth C. Earl, of
the Indiana Library Commission, advocated
that the library commission go not too far
in the purchase of books for special work.
The commission should co-operate only
when special work has not special funds.
Duplication is unavoidable in the beginning
of the work, but the commission should
learn what the universities can furnish, and
provide only what is lacking.
A thorough discussion of duplication
followed.
Miss Bascom advocated that all good
material, even that obtained from univer-
sity libraries, and the historical commis-
sion, should be sent through the library
commission.
Miss Curtis said that in Illinois the uni-
versity furnished outlines and directed to
the commission for books.
Mr. Kerr said in Kansas there were five
places doing extension work, and there
was more work than all could do.
Miss Robinson, of Iowa, thought the
field should be divided into two parts, the
work with special students to be under-
taken by the university, and the work with
general people by the library commission.
University extension should be by the lec-
ture method, library commission by the
book method.
Miss MacDonald said that Pennsylvania
reduced duplication to a minimum by hav-
ing the president of the state university
a member of the library commission.
Dr. Batt, of North Dakota, thought it
would not matter whether it was one book-
each in two centers, or two copies of the
same book in the library commission office.
A committee was appointed to take
charge of national publicity for library
commission work as an aid in co-operation.
This committee is expected to report at the
June meeting.
CONNECTICUT STATE LIBRARY, HARTFORD — MAIN READING ROOM
SECTION OF READING ROOM SHOWING SPECIAL METAL STUDY TABLES
March, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
217
The committee appointed by the presi-
dent was as follows: Clara F. Baldwin,
Lutie E. Stearns, Julia Robinson.
A friendly feeling toward aiding in the
expense of the A. L. A. exhibit at Leipzig
exposition was expressed.
It was voted to send the daily report
blanks to members of the commission.
The topic for the afternoon was "Study
clubs as a cooperative force," opened by
Mrs. Earl, of Indiana. She discussed the
work of the study clubs, and dwelt upon
the enthusiasm they aroused for library
work.
Miss Robinson told of the aid received
from study clubs in advertising the commis-
sion, and mentioned the 100 traveling li-
braries given by the state federation of
women's clubs. They had also helped pass
the library laws in a number of states.
Miss Baldwin said that in Minnesota the
secretary of the library commission was
secretary of the library and literary com-
mittee in the state federation.
Miss Stearns thought that a representa-
tive of the state federation should be on
the library commission.
A paper on "New civic league work,"
prepared by Miss Van Buren, of the Amer-
ican Civic Association, was read by Miss
Baldwin. She pointed out that civic or-
ganizations have lost sight of their greatest
asset, the children. The need of service
in making loyal citizens was emphasized.
Civic campaigns should start from the
known — the home plot — and proceed to
the unknown — to the state. She asked that
the state library commission and librarians
cooperate with civic committees to arrange
for state-wide campaigns. In Wisconsin,
the library commission establishes civic
leagues.
The next subject v^as "Co-operation by
the commissions; interstate relations/'
Miss M. Clellan, of Indiana, read a pa-
per prepared by John A. Lapp, on "Co-
operative library service."
"Messages from new commissions," was
opened by a talk by Miss Borresen, field-
librarian of the South Dakota Library
Commission. She explained the provisions
of their law, which places the library work
for the state under the state library, with
an interesting summary of the library con-
ditions found in the field work of the state.
Secretary of State Woods, of Illinois,
being state-librarian ex-officio, was present
by invitation, and gave an account of the
conditions in that state, and outlined what
he hoped to do in upholding the hands of
trained workers in Illinois.
Miss Fernald, of Great Falls, Montana,
president of the state library association,
told of the efforts to secure a state library
in that state.
Miss Bascom reported for the publish-
ing committee on the preparation of study
club outlines. After considerable discus-
sion, a committee was appointed to confer
on study outlines and report. The presi-
dent appointed on such committee, Miss
Tyler, Ohio; Miss Bascom, Wisconsin;
Miss Borresen, South Dakota; Miss Robin-
son, Iowa; Miss Baldwin, Minnesota; Mrs.
Budlong, North Dakota ; Mrs. Earl, In-
diana; Miss MacDonald, Pennsylvania;
Miss Ahern, Illinois; Miss Titcomb, Mary-
land.
A vote of thanks was ordered sent to
Congressman H. M. Towner, of Iowa, and
David Lewis, of Maryland, for their as-
sistance in securing the admission of books
to parcel post after March 16. A vote of
appreciation was also sent to Postmaster
Burleson.
At the third session, "Co-operation be-
tween the library departments of the de-
partments of state, and the state board of
education," was opened by Miss Stearns,
who presented the library commission side
of the question. Her prophecy that the
state board of education would soon con^
trol library work, proved the keynote of
the morning's discussion.
Dr. Batt, of North Dakota, presented
the school side of the question.
Miss Baldwin discussed the result of too
many commissions in state government.
Mr. Johnston, new librarian at St. Paul,
advocated closer union, the terms of which
must depend on individual conditions and
boards of control.
Mr. Dudgeon objected to libraries in the
control of the schools.
Purd B. Wright believed it to be the
logical outcome of the social center move-
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[March, 1914
mem. He preferred five branches in school
houses rather than one central library, but
he would make a distinction between the
library in the school, and the library under
schools. The latter would mean a constant
fight with boards of education for funds.
Mr. Locke, of Toronto, thought the most
valuable thing would be a generation of
school children trained to use libraries. He
delighted the audience with an account of
a recent library bill, in Ontario, which re-
quired that all members of the public li-
brary board should be school teachers. The
library as an annex to schools is lost in
Ontario at present.
Miss Scott, of Indiana, thought the li-
brary committee under a school board
would receive scant attention.
In New Jersey, a law has been passed
to put the school libraries under supervi-
sion of the library commission.
In Oregon, the state library supervises
all library interests.
Miss Wales, of Missouri, doubted the
wisdom of the library commissions array-
ing themselves against so widespread a
movement for consolidation. The most de-
sirable solution, she thought, would be one
head for all educational departments.
Dr. Batt favored not one man as head,
but three or five, one of whom should be
a representative librarian.
II Stearns was to finish the discussion,
but she said the matter had been summed
up by Miss Wales, and that nothing could
be added to the suggested solution.
s Julia E. Elliott outlined a plan for
organizing school libraries by mail. She
thought the total expense would be about
the same as hiring a librarian at $75 a
month. She asked for suggestions for the
use of standard or commercial size cards,
for modification of cataloging rules, and
other details of the work.
Miss Bascom reported for the committee
on the preparation of study outlines, say-
ing that after discussion, it had been found
impracticable to ask commissions to con-
tribute toward the salaries of a specialist
to prepare outlines. The H. W. Wilson
Company was considering the preparation
of such outlines, and it seemed advisable
to co-operate with the firm. The report
was referred to the publishing committee
for action.
It cannot be said that any consensus of
opinion followed all these animated discus-
sions. All sides of the question were pre-
sented with enthusiasm. If there was a
majority opinion, it was that duplication
should be avoided, but each department
was willing to leave to some other agency
the honor of withdrawing from the field.
The full discussions cannot fail to result
in a better understanding and continued
progress in efficiency and economy of ad-
ministration.
MRS. MINNIE C. BUDLONG, Secretary.
American Xibrarg Hssociation
At the meeting of the publishing board of
the American Library Association, in Chicago,
Jan. 2, it was voted that such members of the
Association as wish to do so be invited to sug-
gest another name for the A. L. A. Booklist.
Suggested names may be sent to the secretary,
who will duly transmit them to the publishing
board for their consideration. George B.
Utley, secretary, American Library Associa-
tion, Chicago.
Notice — In preparing a pamphlet on library
publicity for the American Library Association
the undersigned suggests that samples of
printed advertising and items of publicity
methods be sent to the following address :
Charles E. Rush, Librarian, Public Library, St.
Joseph, Mo.
MASSACHUSETTS LIBRARY CLUB
On Jan. 22, 1914, the eighty-third meeting of
the Massachusetts Library Club was held at
Somerville.
An innovation in the order of procedure was
noted. The morning session, held immediately
after the inspection of the new building, was
devoted to round tables. The afternoon ses-
sion was opened by President Hall, who after
expressing Dr. Durrell's regret at not being
able as president .of the board of trustees of
the Somerville Library, to welcome the Club,
proceeded with the business.
The round table conducted by Mrs. Coe
and Miss Williams brought out many new
March, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
219
features in regard to both classification and
reference work.
Miss Williams said that the object of the
reference department of the Somerville Library
is to prove that all books are reference books
in the broader sense of the word; that they
are different in degree, not in kind, from other
books. In working out her idea she has found
that "reference and information work has at
least three different aspects: social, the effort
to create the proper atmosphere, guidance in
the choice of light reading ; serious research ;
and suggestive and instructive work." In
order to socialize the books : first, one half of
the "reference books" formerly so called, have
been put into the circulating department of the
library (there is no reference room at Somer-
ville) ; second, general reference books have
been put into one section by themselves ; third,
reference books dealing with specific subjects
have been put at the beginning of their classes
with the circulating books, e.g. all 600 refer-
ence books go at the beginning of Useful arts.
The results of such an arrangement after
two weeks' test at Somerville have been en-
couraging. There is, of course, a demand on
the part of the public for the circulation of
reference books. This has been complied with
without ensuing disaster. Miss Williams rec-
ognizes the fact that the working out of such
a scheme will differ according to the individ-
ual needs of each library. She made some
helpful suggestions as to carrying the work
on, indicating that a special loan system for
charging reference books would be necessary,
also that to keep a list of questions asked and
a special loan record would be indispensable
from the point of view of the worker.
Further details in regard to the work may be
had from the Bulletin of Bibliography, vol. 8,
no. i, p. 3.
The questions asked Miss Williams proved
the interest with which her ideas were re-
ceived. Were encyclopedias, year books,
French and German dictionaries, the Dic-
tionary of national biography, circulated? To
which the answer was, yes, if one's resources
warranted it. Were 2C. fines sufficient? Yes,
but overdue notices were sent immediately.
Were answers to difficult reference questions
kept? Yes. Miss Forrest of Milton here
pointed out that to keep such answers on
colored cards and to incorporate them into the
regular catalog was most helpful.
Mr. Belden presided over still another round
table on "Ways and means of professional
development."
Miss Hooper, librarian of the Brookline Pub-
lic Library, made clear to begin with that she
believes nothing of greater help in profes-
sional development than the library itself, the
rewards of work in such a place she considers
tremendous, instead of giving all, librarians
receive greater benefits from the people whom
they serve than they can ever hope to confer.
Mutual understanding and friendliness be-
tween fellow workers and between depart-
ments will also tend to bring out the best in
each individual member of a library staff; "a
librarian herself can do much by her own
attitude toward her staff to promote this con-
dition, especially through her own friendly
relations with them, by avoiding as far as
possible the exercise of authority in unessen-
tial details, and by respecting individual judg-
ment in her assistants wherever it can be
found ; no person of original and independent
mind and mature judgment wants to work
continually in leading strings." Far from con-
sidering that high salaries will produce effi-
ciency, Miss Hooper believes that capability in
an assistant once proved, the better salary will,
or ought to, follow. "As for higher technical
training in library methods we value that, but
above all else we value character and personal
fitness for the work, and the training of
school and college education in library
methods."
Mr. Shaw of Worcester, Mr. Wellman of
Springfield, Mr. Wadlin of Boston, Miss Don-
nelly of Simmons College, Mr. Fison of Mai-
den, Mr. Tripp of New Bedford, and Mr. Hall
of Somerville took part in the discussion
which followed. Various opinions as to the
function of the library schools and library
training were expressed. The schools are the
avenue for a great many who would like to
enter the work. Again librarians frequently
prefer to train their assistants in their own
ways. Miss Donnelly in speaking of the ideals
of library work, added to the undisputed qual-
ifications of good health, character, good dis-
position, and intellectual gifts which are
necessary in the make up of the best library
assistants, accuracy, ability to work without
supervision, i. e., to take a suggestion and to
develop it, and ability, not only willingness, to
be shifted around and thus to develop into an
all-round person. Other opinions varied from
"it is a question of money when you get right
down to business," to "the whole situation re-
solves itself round the books." Mr. Hall's
suggestions were practical, looking as they
did toward the circumstances under which the
best work on the part of assistants is possible :
he would have labor and hours of labor at-
220
I HE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[March, 1914
tractive, and he would have some sort of re-
tirement system for library workers, as well
as for teachers and for employes of the state
including those in the State Library. For such
an end, in his opinion, the Library Club ought
to be represented in the legislature — to make
a beginning towards better library laws, better
professional standing and inclusion in any
general retirement scheme.
"Schools and club work and the public
library" was the topic under discussion at the
round table conducted by Miss Grain and
Miss Lovis.
The program of this section included the
names of Mr. Clarke, superintendent of
schools in Somerville, Miss Lovis the high
school librarian, Miss Thuman of New Bed-
ford, Miss Guerriere, librarian of the Boston
North End branch library, and Miss Lock-
wood of Brookline.
Mr. Clarke to make clear the situation be-
tween the schools and the library from the
school standpoint asked the question "What
are the schools trying to do?" His answer
was, Trying to acquaint the child with the
various activities of life. For instance, if a
child is to know anything of shop practice, it
is most desirable that he be allowed to work in
the shop as part time on his school schedule.
Or if he is to study civics, it is desirable for
him really to see demonstrated certain muni-
cipal activities. In the same way the library
should be a sort of laboratory in which art,
literature, history and other subjects are dem-
onstrated through books.
Miss Lovis, the high school librarian, is
appointed by the school board from the library
staff, and her work is carried on under the
library's direction. One half her salary comes
from the appropriation for the schools. She
spends half of her time in the high school
during school hours, the rest of her time in
the public library at the disposal of teachers
and students. Her duties include visiting the
schools to get acquainted with teachers and
pupils, discussing with the teachers the kind
of illustrative and supplementary material the
library can supply in given courses, making
suggestions to pupils on outside reading, send-
ing books on deposit, and talking upon how
to use the library.
Miss flwrricre outlined the work of her
boys' and girls' clubs. However, she is of the
opinion that club work is outside the province
of the library, since to be well conducted, it
needs more time than a library can give. Mi>s
Lockwood agreed that libraries have no time
for clubs, nevertheless they have been her best
means of subduing the gangs of boys and
girls that have overrun the children's room.
At 2:15, after luncheon served at the high
school cafeteria, the afternoon session of the
Club was called to order by Mr. Drew B.
Hall, president.
The first business to be considered was the
report of Mr. Belden for the committee on
cooperation. The entire state has been divided
into library groups containing from three to
twelve libraries in each group. This district-
ing has been done under the direction of the
secretary, Miss Hooper, and the office secre-
tary of the Commission. Not long since, a
letter was sent to the local secretaries by the
Chairman of the Committee, asking for a
report of progress. At that time, neither Nor-
folk nor Essex County had been districted and
there were certain sections in the central part
of the state still unprovided for. Fifty-five
local secretaries are now serving in this work
of cooperation and their activities cover the
entire state. Thirty letters were received in
reply to the letter of the chairman. They may
be summarized briefly as folFows:
Eight local secretaries, up to the time of
receiving the letter, had done nothing. They
promised immediate activity, however, and
will submit reports of progress at a later date.
Five local secretaries had held organization
meetings in their own libraries, and seventeen
local secretaries reported that they had either
written or visited the libraries in their group
and that the much desired personal relation-
ship was being developed. In one group
bi-monthly meetings have been arranged for
the year. This same group has also effected
a system of exchange of library periodicals.
Another group is to hold a round-table con-
ference once every four to six weeks ; another
is to hold a conference once every three
months. Another says that the libraries are
glad of the opportunity to submit reference
questions, problems in classification, and cata-
loging. One of the larger libraries invites the
smaller libraries to visit and inspect the books
received on approval for a period of a week
once each month.
Mr. Wellman of Springfield, made the re-
port for the Committee on the State Library.
In considering the possible relation of the
State Library to the public libraries of the
Commonwealth, the committee agreed that
radical innovations involving large expendi-
tures are at present wholly unnecessary. The
committee, however, suggested that the State
Library might appropriately aid the public li-
braries by offering to furnish information, par-
March, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
221
ticularly on municipal and sociological ques-
tions, which would obviate to some extent the
duplication of reference work; and that it also
might appropriately offer to lend books to
public libraries so far as may seem feasible
and expedient, supplying particularly books
which the little library is unable to own, and
especially expensive or comparatively little-
used books. Many such books are so seldom
used in the small libraries that a single copy
available at the State Library would suffice.
On the other hand, the same book is often
used in a large library too frequently to per-
mit of its being loaned to the small library.
After finishing his own report Mr. Wellman
read a minority report in the form of a letter
received from Mr. Ballard of Pittsfield.
The report of the committee was accepted,
and the chair then appointed the following
persons to act as this committee for the com-
ing year:
Mr. George H. Tripp, Public Library, New
Bedford, chairman; Mrs, John Lawrence,
trustee, Public Library, Groton ; Miss Kath-
arine P. Loring, trustee, Public Library,
Beverly; Mr. Robert K. Shaw, Free Public
Library, Worcester; Mr. John G. Moulton,
Public Library, Haverhill, secretary, Mass-
achusetts Library Club.
A report on periodicals was made by Mr.
Tripp of New Bedford, and following it res-
olutions were adopted endorsing the action of
the state board of library commissioners in
requesting an increase in its appropriation
from $4000 to $10,000 for the aid of free pub-
lic libraries, especially in small towns and in
those having a large foreign-born population.
A committee of three was appointed by the
president of the club, with power to enlarge
its membership, to further the enactment of
the legislation recommended, by enlisting the
interest of library trustees, librarians and
others, by appearing at legislative hearings,
and by all other legitimate means. The mem-
bers of this committee are : Mr. William W.
Bryant, trustee, Cobb Library, Bryantville ;
Miss Louisa M. Hooper, librarian, Public Li-
brary, Brookline; Mr. Robert K. Shaw, libra-
rian, Free Public Library, Worcester.
Dr. Charles L. Noyes, of the board of
trustees of the Somerville Public Library, read
a parable. In it he expressed his own happy
faith in the laws of continuity and of comple-
mentariness as they applied to all forms of
work, more particularly in this case, as they
apply to the work and the workers of the
library.
Mr. Shaw, at the end of the afternoon's
program made a motion for a rising vote of
thanks to the Club's hosts and hostesses for
its delightful entertainment. The motion was
heartily carried.
The annual dinner of the Club was held at
the Exchange Club, Boston. Mrs. Christobel
W. Kidder read "Dolly reforming herself" by
Henry Arthur Jones.
EUGENIA M. HENRY, Recorder.
NEW YORK LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
At the meeting of the executive committee
of the New York Library Association it was
decided to accept Dr. Schurman's invitation to
hold the twenty-fourth annual meeting at Cor-
nell University, Ithaca, N. Y., the week of Sept.
6, 1914. The earlier date will accommodate
many of the school librarians and it is expected
that this meeting will be a large one.
The secretary was directed to prepare a cir-
cular encouraging membership in the Associa-
tion. This is to be sent to non-members who
are library workers in the state.
One hundred and fifty dollars was granted
to the committee on institutes to further its
work in conducting library institutes through-
out the state.
HARRIET R. PECK, Secretary.
ROCHESTER DISTRICT LIBRARY CLUB
A meeting of the Rochester District Li-
brary Club was held on Tuesday, Jan. 20,
at the Genesee branch of the Rochester
Public Library. Twenty-one were present.
The minutes of the previous meeting were
read and approved. The report of the pe-
riodical committee was presented by Miss
Adams. The call for the report of the
committee on sets revealed the fact that
there was uncertainty as to the chairman
of the committee. In order to avoid future
uncertainty, the committee was declared to
consist of Miss Eleanor Gleason, chairman ;
Mr. G. B. Ewell, and Miss Collins. The re-
port of the nominating committee was pre-
sented by Miss Gleason. The committee
presented the same officers for re-election:
president, Mr. Yust; vice-president, Miss
Collins; secretary-treasurer, Miss Sayre.
Action on this report was delayed for a
short time. The report of the meeting of
the executive committee containing sug-
gestions as to future meetings was read by
the secretary — Feb. 13, March 13, April 10.
The date of the May meeting was left
open, depending somewhat on the plans of
the State Library Institute committee. The
following suggestions for topics were pre-
JJJ
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[March, 1914
sented: i, Book reviews; 2, Work neces-
sary to see book through from author to
bookseller; 3, Practical talk on binding
(with, if possible, illustrations of different
methods of treatment); 4, Rochester his-
tory; 5, Private libraries in Rochester; 6,
Debate on woman suffrage. It was moved
and seconded to accept the report of the
nominating committee. The question was
put by Miss Zachert, and the officers of the
previous year were declared re-elected.
Following the business session, a paper
which comprised an epitome of Emerson's
twelve principles of efficiency was read by
Mr. Yust. After adjournment a social time
was enjoyed and refreshments were served.
On Feb. 13 the club met at the Law Li-
brary in the Court House. There were
fourteen present. Minutes of the last meet-
ing were read and approved.
A communication was read from Mr.
Wynkoop, asking the club to conduct the
New York State Library Institute for this
district. Motion made and carried that the
club conduct the Institute. Motion made
and carried that details of arranging for
this Institute be left to the executive com-
mittee. Discussion regarding the suitabil-
ity of the club's contributing to the A. L.
A. exhibit at Leipzig. It was decided that
owing to the condition of the treasury it
would not be possible to contribute. Mr.
Irwin Taylor then gave an interesting talk
on the history and work of the Law Li-
brary. An agreeable surprise was fur-
nished at the close of the meeting by the
valentines and the refreshments which Mr.
Taylor generously provided.
ETHEL F. SAYRE, Secretary.
MAINE LIBRARY COMMISSION
The Maine Library Commission held a meet-
ing Feb. 6 at the State Library in Augusta,
all the members being present. Among other
things decided upon, it was voted to send
delegates to the annual meeting of the Ameri-
can Library Association to be held during the
month of May in Washington, D. C. It was
also decided that the summer school should be
omitted this year, and it is probable that in its
place one or two library institutes will be held
in different parts of the state. The chairman
of the commission was instructed to confer
with the state superintendent of schools in
order that cooperation may be secured be-
tween the commission and the state depart-
ment of education. Prof. George T. Little of
Bowdoin College read a very interesting
paper, giving a report of the last meeting of
the American Library Association. The mem-
bers of the commission are: Prof. W. H.
Hartshorn, (chairman), Lewiston; Mrs. Kate
C. Esterbrooke, Orono; Prof. George T.
Little, Brunswick ; J. H. Winchester, Corinna ;
H. C. Prince, (sec. ex-officio) Augusta.
PENNSYLVANIA LIBRARY CLUB
The third meeting of the Pennsylvania Li-
brary Club for the season 1913-1914 was held
on Monday evening, Feb. 9, 1914, in the audi-
torium of the Historical Society of Pennsyl-
vania. Dr. Edward J. Nolan presided, the
president, Dr. Cyrus Adler, being unavoidably
absent.
After a brief business session, Dr. Nolan
introduced the Hon. Samuel W. Pennypacker,
who gave a short but very interesting sketch
of "Early Pennsylvania literature," showing
that James Ralp, about whom very little is
generally known, was one of the most distin-
guished figures in American literature; that
"of all Americans, down to the time of the
Revolution, Ralp had attained the highest dis-
tinction and had done the most work in Eng-
lish literature."
Franklin's place in literature was placed by
the speaker in a comparatively low rank, as his
claim to distinction rested upon "Poor Rich-
ard's Almanac" and his "Autobiography ," Mr.
Pennypacker claiming that "the witty and
pithy sayings in the Almanac were not origi-
nal," and that the "Autobiography was almost
immoral." He said that at the time Franklin
was publishing his Almanac, Christopher
Sauer was publishing one in German at Ger-
mantown, which was much better than Frank-
lin's, he being the first journalist to publish
pictures.
At the close, Mr. Pennypacker gave a short
history of the Historical Society of Pennsyl-
vania, and those present availed themselves of
the opportunity to inspect this very beautiful
building and its interesting contents, which are
claimed to be worth between two and three
million dollars.
JEAN E. GRAFFEN, Secretary.
TENNESSEE LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
The Tennessee Library Association held its
annual meeting at the Carnegie Library in
Nashville, Jan. 13, with Miss Marilla Waite
Freeman, librarian of the Goodwyn Institute
Library, Memphis, who is the president, in the
chair. The librarians were welcomed to the
city by Mr. G. H. Baskette, president of the
Carnegie Library Board of Nashville and for-
March, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
223
merly president of the Association. Follow-
ing Mr. Baskette, Miss Margaret Kercheval,
librarian of the Carnegie Library, read a paper
on "How to simplify our routine in public
libraries." Mrs. Pearl Williams Kelley spoke
of the simplification of the school libraries.
Mrs. Kelley, in speaking of the importance of
the school libraries, said that the "three r's"
no longer control the child's education; that
the modern controlling forces were the "three
1's," the library, the laboratory and the lec-
ture. She also said that the child that
reaches the high school with no books except
his text books is poorly equipped and does not
get the best out of his work. "Many high
school courses would be more effective," said
she, "if some of the pressure of the examina-
tions was removed and library readings sub-
stituted/'
An interesting talk was made by Miss Jen-
nie Lauderdale of Dyersburg, formerly state
librarian, on "The librarian and social move-
ment," and Miss Margaret Dunlap, librarian of
the Public Library, Chattanooga, gave a very
practical talk on "The city library as a social
center." Miss Dunlap spoke of some of the
plans that Chattanooga Library management
had for making that institution of real social
service, among them being to have the literary
clubs meet in the library auditorium, and also
to have weekly musicales, moving pictures, and
other free entertainments that tend to the
uplift of the social life.
Speaking on "What the state library can do
for rural centers," Miss Mary Skeffington,
state librarian, said that the state library was
a potent factor in aiding the public forces, and
especially was it an essential factor in public
education. She spoke of the state library now
having circulating libraries in fifty-nine coun-
ties, and said that the extension work was yet
in its infancy, as it was planned to continue the
work until there should not be a community
in Tennessee that was not touched by the free
circulating libraries.
ARKANSAS LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
The Arkansas Library Association will hold
its annual meeting in Pine Bluff early
in March. In agreeing on Pine Bluff as the
meeting place it was felt that an impetus could
thus be given the library movement now being
started in that city, and at the same time
afford encouragement to several cities in the
same section of the state who could not be
expected to attend a meeting in Fort Smith,
the other contestant for the honor.
Scboote
NEW YORK STATE LIBRARY SCHOOL
The course in Library work with chil-
dren was given during the first week of
February by Miss Clara W. Hunt, of the
Brooklyn Public Library. A good collec-
tion of children's books, part of them re-
cent purchases for the school's collections
and part a loan from Miss Hunt, were on
exhibition to illustrate specific points raised
in Miss Hunt's lectures.
Recent lectures by visitors and members
of the staff of the New York State Library
other than those in charge of regular
courses in the school have been as follows :
Jan. 19. Caroline F. Webster, library or-
ganizer. Organization of small libraries.
Jan. 23. Mary C. Chamberlain, librarian for
the blind, New York State Library.
Work for the blind.
Jan. 27-28. Hiller C. Wellman, librarian,
Springfield (Mass.) City Library Asso-
ciation. Library advertising. (2 lec-
tures.)
Feb. 13-14. Dr. Arthur E. Bostwick, libra-
rian, St. Louis Public Library. Some lost
arts of librarianship ; Art of re-reading.
(2 lectures.)
A collection of juvenile books has been
begun by the school. A gift of several
hundred older American books dating from
1771 to 1878 — the gift of the Wisconsin His-
torical Society — forms the nucleus of the
collection. A few others have been given
by friends of the school and a fairly repre-
sentative selection of the best modern ju-
veniles has been purchased. Further gifts
of juveniles of any period or kind will be
welcomed. To save unnecessary trouble
and the possibility of confusion with the
main collections of the library, they may be
addressed to Miss Woodworth, care of the
New York State Library School.
A series of popular lectures on various
social and scientific subjects is being given
in the auditorium of the State Education
Building, which has also become a favorite
meeting place for state and local associa-
tions devoted to civic and social welfare.
Among recent lectures have been an illus-
trated description of the work of Hampton
Institute, a lecture by Director Benjamin
Boss of the Dudley Observatory, on
"Some attempts to solve the riddle of the
universe," and an illustrated lecture by Dr.
J. Leon Williams on "Human evolution."
224
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[March, 1914
These lectures and meetings are open to
all students of the school. The State Nor-
mal College has also been conducting a
very interesting series of lectures and en-
tertainments, including dramatic recitals,
folk-song recitals, and illustrated travel lec-
tures. Through the courtesy of the col-
lege, students interested have been given
free admission to these entertainments.
Several have also been attending a lecture
course on Browning given by Dr. William
Lyon Phelps, of Yale University.
F. K. WALTER.
PRATT INSTITUTE SCHOOL OF LIBRARY
SCIENCE
The annual luncheon of the Graduates' As-
sociation was held at the Hotel Algonquin, New
York, Wednesday, Jan. 28. There were 95 in
attendance, including a full delegation from
the class of 1914. These were sprinkled by
twos among the company so that each of them
met a number of the older graduates. Mrs.
Adelaide B. Maltby, the retiring president,
presided. Mr. Stevens spoke about the new
club house which is in course of preparation
for the use of the women students of the In-
stitute. Each school is to have a special room
which is being furnished by its graduates. Mr.
Franklin F. Hopper, of the class of 1901, told
of some of the influences making for library
progress in the Northwest. The vice-president
presented a resume of the results gathered by
the questionnaire recently sent out to the
graduates, a full report of which will be found
elsewhere in the JOURNAL. The officers of the
Association elected for the ensuing year are
president, Miss Anna C. Tyler, of the New
York Public Library; vice-president, Mr.
Franklin F. Hopper, of the New York Public
Library ; secretary, Miss Fanny A. Sheldon, of
the Brooklyn Public Library; and treasurer,
Miss Caroline Chapin, of the Pratt Institute
Free Library.
The students have been so fortunate as to
hear Alfred Noyes twice this winter, at the
meeting of the New York Library Club, and
on Feb. 19 when he gave a reading from his
own poems at Pratt Institute.
Mrs. Frances Rathbone Coe, class of 1003, of
the Somerville, Mass., Public Library, talked
ti» the students on "Advertising the work of a
public library" on Jan. 30.
Miss Mary Casamajor, of the Brooklyn
Public Library, gave two lectures on the work
of the branch library on Feb. 3 and 10. In
the first lecture she dwelt upon the- relation of
the branch library to its community, and in the
second lecture upon the administrative prob-
lems of the branch library.
Dr. Arthur E. Bostwick lectured in the As-
sembly Hall on Tuesday afternoon, Feb. 17, on
"Some lost arts of librarianship." The mem-
bers of the Brooklyn Public Library staff were
invited to attend this lecture.
ALUMNI NOTES
Cards have been received announcing the
marriage on Jan. 20 of Miss Edith E. Hunt,
class of 1895, to Mr. Chester J. Randall.
Miss Annie Lyle Lee, class of 1910, head of
the circulation department of the New Ro-
chelle, N. Y., Public Library, was married on
Feb. ii to Mr. William Henry Hax of New
Rochelle. Mrs. Hax expects to continue her
connection with the library, working half-time.
Miss Mary F. Stebbins, class of 1912, Cleve-
land Training Class, 1913, formerly children's
librarian of the Miles Park branch of the
Cleveland Public Library, has been made
school reference librarian of the Utica Public
Library.
Miss Mabel E. Balston, class of 1913, is sub-
stituting in the Ethical Culture Library of
New York during the absence from illness of
the librarian, Miss Ina Rankin, class of 1909.
Miss Mary A. Randall, class of 1913, who
entered the Training Class for children's work
of the Cleveland Public Library in September,
left there in January to become head of the
South Side Branch of the Fort Wayne Public
Library.
JOSEPHINE ADAMS RATHBONE, Vice-Director.
NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY— LIBRARY
SCHOOL
The juniors have had the following lectures
from librarians and others during the past
month :
"Baroda libraries," on Jan. 21, by Mr. W. A.
Borden, organizer of the Baroda system of
libraries, with a supplementary talk on East
India life by Mrs. Borden. The lecturers
answered many questions afterward at a
school .tea, and exhibited many of the treas-
ures they had collected during their residence
in Baroda.
"Prints," and "Book-illustration," on Jan. 14
and 21, by Mr. Weitenkampf, of the library
staff. Afterward the lecturer set the class
the problem of naming the reproductive pro-
cesses illustrated by some twenty pictures se-
lected for the purpose.
"Large library administration," by Mr. Ander-
son, and "Branch library administration," by
Mr. Adams, on Jan. 28 and Feb. 4.
March, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
225
"Poetry and American life," on Feb. 4, by Mr.
Robert Underwood Johnson, formerly edi-
tor of the Century Magazine.
Senior lectures have been as follows :
Advanced reference and cataloguing course:
"Literature of ornithology," and "Literature
of zoology," by Prof. F. F. Burr, of Colum-
bia University, Jan. 20 and 27. "Literature
of botany," by Miss Sarah H. Harlow, of the
Botanical Garden Library, on Feb. 3.
School and college library course : The same
as above, with the continuation of the "His-
tory of printing, and work on early printed
books."
Administration course: "Publicity for libra-
ries," by Mrs. Frances Rathbone Coe, of the
Somerville (Mass.) Public Library, and Mr.
F. C. Hicks, acting librarian of Columbia
University, on Jan. 29 and Feb. 5. Visits to
grades 6-8 of the public schools. Presenta-
tion of reports on visits to grades 1-8. Prob-
lem : Writing of imaginary library report,
based on stated conditions of locality and
library.
Students attended the meeting of the New
York Library Club the evening of Jan. 22, at
which Mr. John 'Collier spoke on "Moving
picture shows." Mr. Collier's address aroused
much interest, as he proved successfully the
existence of a commercial monopoly making
it hard to secure enough good films and repe-
tition of good films by schools, churches, li-
braries, and other institutions desiring to make
an educational use of the same.
MARY W. PLUMMER, Principal.
LIBRARY SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF
WISCONSIN
The School had a most interesting and profit-
able day on Monday, Jan. 5, when work began
after the holiday recess. Mr. E. H. Anderson,
president of the American Library Associa-
tion, and Dr. Frank P. Hill, spent the day at
the School, each giving two addresses. Mr.
Anderson spoke in the afternoon on "Library
administration" from the standpoint of hu-
man relations and in the evening on "The
work of the New Ycrk Public Library," using
many lantern slides. Dr. Hill gave two lec-
tures in the morning on "Library service."
Tea was served in the afternoon, as a pleasant
introduction to the resumption of study, and
especially to afford all an opportunity to meet
Mr. Anderson and Dr. Hill socially. Dr. Will-
iam C. Daland, president of Milton College,
lectured before the School on Jan. 22, speak-
ing on the subject of "Words and their signi-
ficance." Dr. T. S. Adams of the Wisconsin
Tax Commission on Jan. 24 gave a valuable
discussion of "Books in political economy,"
and Miss Mary A. Smith of the Madison Pub-
lic Library gave a forceful presentation of the
topic, "Instructing pupils in the eighth grade
on the use of the library."
The first semester closed on Jan. 27, with
examinations in each subject. On Jan. 29 the
students started for their field appointments,
which work marks the beginning of the sec-
ond semester. Following are the appoint-
ments, which have been most carefully planned
to afford each student the experience needed
to supplement both preparatory experience and
formal work in the School. Thirty-one libra-
ries have opened their doors as laboratories
for 29 students during the two months, and the
work as assigned may be broadly classed as
indicated in the following lists :
Special Cataloging
Beloit College — February, Miss Congdon.
Boscobel — March, Miss Evans and Miss He-
denbergh.
Chippewa Falls— March, Miss Stockett.
Cumberland — February, Miss Coon and Miss
Ingram.
Janesville — February, Miss King and Miss Ja-
cobus ; March, Miss King and Miss Han-
son.
Kilbourn — March, Miss Lutkemeyer and Miss
Kjellgren.
Mayville — February, Miss Emmons and Miss
Friedel.
Milton College — February, Miss Sharp ; March,
Miss Congdon.
Oconomowoc — February, Miss Rice and Miss
Hanson; March, Miss Rice and Miss Burt
Racine — February, Miss Love; March, Miss
Cox.
Ripon College — February, Miss Easton.
Shawano — March, Miss Love and Miss Kim-
ball.
Tomahawk — February, Miss Marshall ; March,
Miss Sharp.
Wisconsin Free Library Commission — Study
Club Department, February, Miss Cox and
Miss Stockett ; March, Miss Bingham and
Miss Brown.
As Acting-Librarian
Barren — February and March, Miss Lewis.
Darlington — February and March, Miss Grace.
Stanley — February and March, Miss Wieder.
Assistants for Special Work
Beloit Public — February, Miss Kjellgren;
March, Miss Friedel.
226
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[March, 1914
New London— February and March, Miss An-
drews.
Prairie du Chien— March, Miss Evans.
Prairie du Sac— Februarj't Miss Brown.
Rice Lake— March, Miss Easton.
Waukesha— March, Miss Coon.
Whitewater — February, Miss Evans.
.nsin Historical Library— February and
March, Miss McGovern.
Assistants in Regular Library Work
Fond du Lac — February, Miss Lutkemeyer;
March, Miss Marshall.
Madison Public — February, Miss Kimball ;
March, Miss Clancy ; February and March,
joint course students, Miss Angvick, Miss
Baker, Miss Clark, Miss Fieldstad, Miss
Farr, Miss Muench.
Marinette — February, Miss Clancy.
Oshkosh — February, Miss Bingham ; March,
Miss Emmons.
Superior — February, Miss Hedenberg;. March,
Miss Jacobus.
Watertown — February, Miss Burt.
SCHOOL NOTES
Mr. Dudgeon, Miss Hazeltine, Miss Bascom,
and Mr. Lester attended the meeting of the
faculty of the library schools and the League
of Library Commissions in Chicago, Dec. 31
to Jan. 2. Miss Hazeltine was the chairman
of the Faculty meeting.
v Mary F. Carpenter entertained the fa-
culty, students, and a few friends of the School
at her home, on the evening of Jan. 27. The
ng was devoted to a dramatic reading of
"Disraeli," the drama written for George Ar-
liss by Louis N. Parker. It was pronounced
one of the most successful of the series of
readings given during the last few years for
the School. The parts were read by Mr.
Ewing, Prof. Goodnight, Mr. George Bascom,
Prof, and Mrs. Beatty, Mr. and Mrs. Dud-
geon. Miss Bascom, Miss Humble, Mrs. Koel-
ker, Miss Carpenter, Mr. Lester, Mr. Schatz
and Mr. Turner.
ALUMNI NOTES
Miss Laura F. Angell, '07, was married on
..-« to Mr. H. H. Henry. Miss Angell had
been librarian of the Aram Public Library,
since its organization in 1908.
Mr. and Mrs. Henry are to make their home in
Lincoln. 111.
Miss Lydia E. Kinsley. '07, accepted an ap-
p"intment in the branch library system of the
JMroit Public Library on Jan. i.
- Lucile Cully, '08, librarian of the Pub-
lic Library, Kewanee, 111., was married on
Dec. 17, to Mr. E. G. Taylor. Their home is
403 South Chestnut street, Kewanee.
The classmates of Miss Alice S. Wyman.
'10, will learn with sorrow of the death of her
mother in November.
Miss Bessie H. Dexter, '11, resigned as
children's assistant in the branch system of
the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, to accept
a similar position in the Public Library of
Detroit.
Miss Marion E. Frederickson, '13, became
acting reference assistant in the Gilbert Sim-
mons Library, Kenosha, Wis., on Jan. i.
Miss Margaret E. Bucknam, formerly a joint
course student in the class of 1914, was mar-
ried on Dec. 25, to Mr. M. C. Sjoblom.
Miss Genevieve Mayberry, Summer School
1908, was married on Nov. 29, to Mr. George
B. Averill, Jr. Their home is in Milwaukee.
Mrs. Averill was librarian of the Farnsworth
Public Library, Oconto, Wis., at the time of
her marriage. Mr. Averill was formerly li-
brarian of the Madison, Wis., Public Library.
Miss Harriet L. Kidder, Summer School
1913, became assistant librarian in the Uni-
versity of Montana, Missoula, in November,
1913.
WESTERN RESERVE LIBRARY SCHOOL
NEWS NOTES
Library work with children has received
emphasis in the school during the past month
because of the lectures given by Miss Caroline
Burnite, director of children's work of the
Cleveland Public Library, on the "Administra-
tion of children's rooms," and by Miss Effie L.
Power, head of the Children's Department of
the St. Louis Public Library, on "Literature
for children."
The director began the new course on "The
public library and community welfare" with an
introductory lecture, Feb. 10, on "The new
spirit of social and community responsibility."
There will be weekly lectures in the course by
the director and visiting lecturers, some of the
subjects being: Inter-relation of organizations
and agencies for community betterment ; Na-
tional organizations, foundations and publica-
tions; The library's place in the scheme ; Or-'
ganization and supervision of boys' and girls'
clubs ; Work with study clubs, preparation of
study outlines, etc. ; Recreation as a com-
munity necessity; The librarian as a public
speaker and civic promoter, etc. Dr. Arthur E.
Bostwick, librarian of the St. Louis Public Li-
brary, was the first visiting lecturer in the
March, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
227
course, Feb. u, his subject being "The social
center idea." His address was received with
enthusiastic appreciation, and the informal dis-
cussion which followed proved very helpful.
The class had the pleasure in January of
hearing a talk by Miss Brenda Franklyn, of
London, England, temporarily residing in
Cleveland as a miniature artist, on the English
militant suffrage movement. As Miss Franklyn
is a personal friend of Mrs. Pankhurst, she
gave an informing and entertaining view of the
subject. Miss Clara L. Myers, associate pro-
fessor of English at the College for Women,
gave a lecture on "The essay" before the class
in book selection, in February.
The director entertained the class and fa-
culty at her apartment for afternoon tea on
Saturday, Jan. 24.
ALUMNI NEWS
Ethel M. Knapp, '07, formerly librarian of
the Mt. Vernon, Ohio, Public Library, is now
cataloger at the University of Indiana Library.
Audiene Graham, '13, has been appointed li-
brarian of the Owatanna, Minn., Public Li-
brary.
ALICE S. TYLER, Director.
CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH— TRAIN-
ING SCHOOL FOR CHILDREN'S LIBRARIANS
Miss Effie L. Power, supervisor of children's
work in the St. Louis Public Library, gave her
annual course of ten lectures to the school Jan.
26-31. The subjects of the lectures were:
"The beginnings of a literature for children,
with special reference to fiction " (2 lectures) ;
"Five great children's classics " (2 lectures) ;
"Standard fiction " (2 lectures) ; "Popular fic-
tion ;" "Administration of children's rooms ;"
"Organization of a children's department ;"
"Work with normal schools."
ALUMNAE NOTES
Elizabeth Dexter, class of 1914, has resigned
her position on the staff of the Pittsburgh Li-
brary to accept an appointment as children's
librarian in the public library of Detroit, Mich.
Edith Morley Smith, class of 1904, has been
appointed temporary registrar of the Training
School, in the absence of Miss Margaret
MacDonell.
RIVERSIDE PUBLIC LIBRARY— LIBRARY
CLASS
The students in the winter library class
which ended Feb. 28, were registered from the
following towns : Fenton, Mich. ; Freeport,
111. ; Canyon City, Colo. ; La Mesa, Cal. ; Co-
rona, Azusa, Colton and Redondo Beach, Cal. ;
Wabash, Ind. ; Bellingham and Olympia,
Wash. ; Pasadena, Beaumont, Hemet, Escon-
dido and Tuolumne, Cal. ; Hinsdale, 111. ; Santa
Barbara, Cal. ; Anacortes, Wash. ; Canfield,
Ohio; Visalia and Whittier, Cal.; Greenfield,
la.; Pomona, Los Angeles, San Bernardino
and San Diego, Cal. All students have had
previous experience in library work, except
one. A long list of teachers and lecturers was
engaged for the winter term, two of the most
widely recognized in their lines of endeavor
being Miss Mary E. Robbins, head of Sim-
mons College Library School, Boston, and
Miss Ida M. Mendenhall, of New York. One
day of each week was devoted to outdoor
work. A study of the program schedule shows
that courses and lectures were given on busi-
ness methods and administration, book selec-
tion and supervision, reference service, classifi-
cation, cataloging, documents, children's libra-
ries, library handicraft, the child and the story
hour, periodicals and serials, binding, library
law and county system, and the library as a
social center.
DREXEL INSTITUTE LIBRARY SCHOOL
Recent visiting lecturers have been as fol-
lows :
Jan. 29. "Library organizing," by Miss Helen
D. Subers, Drexel '03.
Feb. 2. Two lectures on "Order work," by Mr.
Arthur L. Bailey, librarian Wilmington In-
stitute Free Library.
Feb. 10. Two lectures on "Library buildings,"
by Mr. William R. Eastman.
Feb. 13. Two lectures, "Administration of a
large public library" and "The work of the
New York Public Library," by Mr. Edwin
H. Anderson, director New York Public
Library.
Feb. 19. "Some lost arts of librarianship." by
Mr. Arthur E. Bostwick, librarian St. Louis
Public Library.
Feb. 26-27. Three lectures, "The story inter-
ests of the child at different ages," "The
preparation and presentation of the story,"
"Principles of book selection for children,"
by Mrs. Edna Lyman Scott.
The director spent Dec. 3i-Jan. n in at-
tending the Library School Round Table at
Chicago and visiting the public libraries of
Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, and the Carnegie
Library of Pittsburgh. She spoke before the
Western Reserve Library School, the Cleve-
land Training Class for Children's Librarians,
the Training School for Children's Librarians
at Pittsburgh, and the staff of the Detroit Pub-
lic Library. CORINNE BACON, Director.
228
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[March, 1914
HI \f.MO.\S COLLEGE LIBRARY SCHOOL
NVith the opening of the second term on the
first of February, many of the most impor-
tant technical courses began. The sophomores
and college graduates are being initiated into
the decimal classification by Miss Hill ; the ad-
vanced classes, seniors and college graduates,
are studying the history of libraries, three
times a week for the semester, under Mr.
Bolton, and public documents, twice a week,
under Mr. Belden.
Miss Jordan has also begun her course on
children's work, required of juniors and open
to college graduates, which has two meetings a
week through the term.
The chief innovation of the year has been in
the teaching of cataloging. The time devoted
to it has been increased by fifty per cent., and
consecutive courses are given in the sopho-
more, junior and senior years. Though the
work is concentrated in the second term of
each year, it practically becomes a "major" in
the sophomore, senior and college graduate
classes. Miss Theresa Hitchler, as an "effi-
ciency expert," is laying out the courses and
giving the instruction.
The Museum of Fine Arts is so close a
neighbor that it has been possible to coop-
erate with it successfully. In addition to the
course in the history of art which has been
given as a regular part of the school program
for some years, by Mr. Greene, in the Museum,
this year the connection has been strengthened
by an arrangement between the Museum and
the college, which resulted in the following
series of lectures :
Feb. 5. Mr. Foster Stearns. "The library of
an art museum." Given in the Art Museum
Library.
Feb. 12. Mr. Carrington. "The care and
mounting of prints." In the print room.
Feb. 19. Miss Turner. "The photograph de-
partment." In the photograph department.
The only visit of the month has been to the
Library Bureau.
nd Campbell's lecture on "Work
with foreigners," was one of the most stimulat-
ing of the year, one where the fifty minute
1 necessitated by the college schedule was
all too short. The school is greatly indebted
he Massachusetts Free Public Library
Commission for its loan of Miss Campbell and
Brown to give to the students an idea of
what the commission's work really is.
JUNE RICHARDSON DONNELLY.
IRerfews
NATIONAL LIBRARY OF IRELAND. Bibliography
of Irish philology and of printed Irish lit-
erature. Dublin, 1913. 307 p. O.
To the conscientious and diligent student
who desires to be thoroughly informed as to
his specialty, a systematically arranged bib-
liography is an invaluable aid and one for
which he is always deeply grateful. Those in-
terested in Irish literature, whether ancient or
modern, have heretofore been at a loss for
such a systematic guide. This lack has now
been admirably supplied by the publication
with the authority of His Majesty's Stationery
Office by Messrs. Brown and Nolan of Dublin
of a work under the above title. As implied.
a list of manuscripts in which the libraries of
Trinity College, the Royal Irish Academy, the
University of Oxford, and the British Mu-
seum are so rich, is left for a future work.
The book is based on the card catalog in
use by the readers in the National Library,
Dublin. This, of course, is confined to a rec-
ord of the publications in the library, but its
usefulness was so manifest that the trustees,
on proper representation, authorized the en-
largement of its scope so as to serve the needs
of scholars everywhere. In view of the active
interest in the Celtic revival, the publication is
specially timely, although writers of the pres-
ent century advancing and contributing to the
movement are not included. The general list,
however, is carried to the end of 1912. It is
hoped that the extensive literature connected
with the later cultural activities in Ireland may
furnish material for another volume with
equally beneficial results.
The catalog is issued under the direction of
T. W. Lyster, the accomplished librarian of
the National Library, the entire compilation of
the bibliography being in charge of his associ-
ate, Richard Irvine Best, who contributes an
informing introduction explanatory of the
scope and plan of the work.
The modern Irish period is not treated with
the same detail as the earlier, the articles in
the weekly illustrated An Claidheamh and
other current periodicals, for example, having
been reluctantly omitted. The printed books
of preceding centuries are, however, recorded
with gratifying richness and detail.
Tracts in Latin are only recorded when they
are translations from the Irish. Early trans-
lations into Irish from other languages which
have an historic and linguistic interest are
given, but recent translations are omitted.
March, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
229
The unavoidable complexity of the literature
section is simplified by the alphabetical ar-
rangement of the elaborate general index.
This section is divided into tales, poetry, eccle-
siastical tracts, and history, while the philologi-
cal portion includes periodicals, dictionaries,
etymologies, grammars, inscriptions and
glosses. Manuscripts are only given as aids
to the identification of edited texts.
In view of the fact that the so-called Os-
sianic poetry, although in its present form lin-
guistically late, may have come down from an
earlier period, a separate division has been
made for it. The beginning of modern Irish
poetry is fixed at the latter part of the fifteenth
century or, more specifically, at the date of
Philip Bocht O'Heniginn's poem on the Day
of Judgment, the first printed in Irish.
Many difficult problems in the matters of se-
lection, typography, orthography, and arrange-
ment have been discreetly solved, and the result
is a well printed and well bound volume of
307 pages. It furnishes an admirable illustra-
tion of how a matter of routine library econ-
omy may by intelligence and zeal be made to
promote the culture of the world at large.
E. J. N.
PHILIP, ALEXANDER J., ed. The libraries, mu-
seums and art galleries year book, 1914.
London, Stanley Paul & Co. ; N. Y., R. R.
Bowker Co., 1914. 470 p. D.
A fourth edition, completely revised and
brought up to date, of "Greenwood's British
Library Year Book." The bulk of the volume
is devoted to reference lists of value to stu-
dents, publishers and librarians.
The opening chapters summarize the work of
the Library Association and its branches, of
the Scottish Library Association, and of the
Library Assistants' Association and its
branches. Special emphasis is laid on the edu-
cational work of the association. The Educa-
tion Committee formulates the course of in-
struction for prospective librarians, endeavors
to organize educational facilities and assumes
charge of the examination of students. Pre-
vious to 1907, summer schools and lectures
specially arranged for by the committee were
the only available sources of library instruc-
tion, but recently, through the efforts of the
Association, several important universities and
colleges have established courses in librarian-
ship. The Municipal School of Technology
has been holding such classes for some time.
A list of requirements for candidates for ex-
amination is given. A statement of the object
of the Association is followed by the new
by-laws. A list of annual meetings from 1877
to 1913 giving the date, place and presidency
is appended, with announcements for the com-
ing year.
Similar data is given for the Scottish Library
Association and Library Assistants' Associa-
tion. The last named publishes the Library
Assistant and other publications of interest,
notably a report on the system of standard
hours for employment and salaries in relation
to income, (Library Assistants' Assn. Ser.
No. 4.)
The "chronological list of adoptions of the
libraries act," with entries dating from 1848,
shows the geographical expansion of public
libraries in Great Britain. There follows a
directory of the "librarians, curators and as-
sistants in the libraries, museums and art gal-
leries of the country," which gives, among
other information, the number of years that
the official has served in his present position.
"A subject index to the special collections
contained in the libraries, museums and art
galleries of Great Britain" will be of great
service, particularly to students, teachers, au-
thors and professional men. The student has
but to turn to the subject of his interest to
learn which libraries and museums contain
this class of material. The year book also
tells the conditions under which reference
works may be borrowed or consulted.
Two "Select addressing lists," follow, one
classifying as Section A libraries which pur-
chase books to the amount of £KX> or upwards
annually, and the other, Section B, the smaller
libraries which buy books in appreciable num-
bers.
The body of the year book is a concise en-
cyclopedia of the libraries, museums and art
galleries of Great Britain. Under each entry
may be found the important data relating to
the history, upkeep, capacity and special char-
acteristics of the institution. The following
quotation is representative of the information
given :
"(Shipping Barnet, Herts. HYDE INSTITUTE AND
READING ROOMS. Founded in 1889. Tot. inc.: £256,
Ann. expend.: Books, £10; bind., £2; periods.,
£28; sal. and wages, £75. One cleaner. Vols and
-pamphs. in stock: 5,200. Books are allowed out of
the build. Classn.f Adjustable. Cat: Classified ins.
The Lib. is open to the inhabitants of Menken Hadley
and Chipping Barnet. Librarian: Mr. Edmund Arthur
Maxwell. Lib hours, open weekly, 36; newsroom,
78."
Among the encouraging signs shown by this
year's returns are the great increase in branch
libraries and the improvement in the hours of
assistants. While most of the material of this
little volume specially concerns the inhabitants
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[March, 1914
of the British Isles, much of its information
will be found available for practical as well as
comparative purposes in this country.
Beginning with this edition from its new
publishers, the book will be issued annually.
The edition previous to this was the third,
published for 19".
M. K., R. M.f & D. VV.
A literature is the expression on the face
of a nation. \ literature is the eyes of a
great people looking at one. It seems to
be as we look, looking out of the past and
faraway into the future. — GERALD STANLEY
LEE. in "Crowds."
Xferartan*
BETTERIDGE, Walter R., has resigned his pos-
ition as librarian of the Theological Seminary
in Rochester, N. Y., after twelve years of
service.
BLATCHFORD, Eliphalet, president of the
Newberry Library of Chicago, died in that
city Jan. 25, aged 87 years. Mr. Blatchford
was one of the two original trustees of the
estate of Walter L. Newberry and was
charged with creating the Newberry Library
of which he became president. He was a
trustee of the John Crerar Library, and iden-
tified with many educational and religious in-
stitutions in the city.
DULLARD, John P., recently appointed libra-
rian of the state library of New Jersey, has
been appointed member of the New Jersey
Library Commission in place of the late Will-
iam C. Kimball.
DUNBAR, Mary E., B.S. Simmons 1911, who
has been an assistant in the Mount Holyoke
College Library for two and a half years, has
received an appointment in the library of
Grove City College, Grove City, Penn., and
began her new duties Jan. 30. Miss Emma C.
Grimes, Mount Holyoke 1905, has taken up the
work at Mount Holyoke.
EDMONDS, John, of Philadelphia, celebrated
his ninety-fourth birthday Feb. 4. Mr. Ed-
monds went to the Mercantile Library in the
year 1856 and until 1902 served in the capacity
of librarian. Since that time he has been as
active as possible and aids the financial depart-
ment of the library whenever he is needed.
Hi is now librarian emeritus.
EHRENFELD, Rev. C. L., at one time state li-
brarian in Pennsylvania, <lu<; Fcl>. i at his
home in York, aged 81.
FREDERICK, Mrs. Eva Gaudin, has been ap-
pointed librarian of the Carthage (N. Y. 1
Free Library, in place of Miss Lena Dickson,
resigned.
GRAVES, Eva W., B.L.S., N. Y. State Li-
brary School, '13, has resigned her position
as assistant to the librarian of the John
Crerar Library, Chicago, to go to the Seat-
tle Public Library as general branch as-
sistant.
KNIGHT, Marion A., classifier and annotator
in the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh from
1901 to October, 1913, has recently joined the
editorial staff of the H. W. Wilson Company
of White Plains. Miss Knight is engaged in
editing a cumulated volume of the "Readers'
guide supplement" which is to cover the years
1007-1913 in one alphabet, and which will sup-
plement Poole's "Index to periodical litera-
ture" of which the last cumulated volume
covered the years 1902-1006.
MACALISTER, Agnes H., a graduate of the
Drexel Institute Library School in the class of
1006, has been appointed cataloger in the libra-
rary of the American Philosophical Society of
Philadelphia.
MILLER, Emily V. D., N. Y. State Library
School, 'io-'n, resigned as children's libra-
rian of the Walker branch of the Minne-
apolis Public Library to become reference
librarian in the Public Library at Birming-
ham, Ala.
OSBORN, Elizabeth C. (Mrs. Lyman P.)
curator and librarian of the Peabody Histor-
ical Society, Peabody, Mass., died at her resi-
dence, 55 Central street, Peabody, on Wednes-
day, Feb. n, after a brief and painless illness
of three weeks. She was practically the
founder of the Society, and its curator and
librarian since its inception in 1896. She has
been a member of the A. L. A. since 1900, and
of the Massachusetts Library Club for many
years. She is survived by her husband, Ly-
man P. Osborn, librarian of the Peabody In-
stitute Library of Peabody.
PECKHAM, Dr. George W., died in Mil-
waukee Jan. lo. following a stroke of apo-
plexy. Born in Albany in 1845, he served in
the Civil War in a Wisconsin regiment. After
the war he attended college and completed a
medical course at the University of Michigan
in 1872. He did not practice medicine, how-
ever, but became principal of the high school
in Milwaukee, which position he held until
1892, when he was made superintendent of
schools. From 1806 to 1910 he was librarian
March, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
231
of the Milwaukee Public Library. He had
held office in several scientific societies and
was an authority on the life and habits of
spiders and wasps.
QUAYLE, Dr. Milo, who has been professor
of history at Lewis Institute, Chicago, has been
chosen to succeed the late Dr. Reuben Gold
Thwaites as superintendent of the library of
the Wisconsin Historical Society. Dr. Quayle
received his degree of doctor of philosophy at
the University of Chicago in 1908, and has
been at Lewis Institute since. He edited the
manuscript diary of President Polk, and his
"History of the old North-West" is a standard
work on the subject.
REEDER, Charles W., assistant librarian of
Ohio State University at Columbus has begun
his new duties as chief librarian for the indus-
trial commission. Mr. Reeder will have charge
of the department of research and statistics.
His appointment is the result of the policy of
Governor Cox to make greater use of Ohio
State University and its faculty members. Mr.
Reeder will divide his time between the uni-
versity and the industrial commission's offices.
Mr. Reeder for several years has been con-
nected with the university and has made a
special study of the use of government sta-
tistics and documents.
RICE, O. S., clerk in the state library at Mad-
ison, Wis., has compiled a "Wisconsin Me-
morial Day annual" for 1914, in which is in-
cluded material for the celebration of Memor-
ial Day and Flag Day, Lincoln's Birthday,
Washington's Birthday, and Peace Day. The
state flag, in colors, is the main part of the
cover design, and a special group of Wisconsin
songs, with music, is added at the end of the
book.
SANBORN, Henry N., librarian of the Uni-
versity Club, of Chicago, has accepted the
position of secretary to the Indiana Library
Commission, succeeding Carl H. Milam.
SANDERS, Mary L., resigned her position as
children's librarian at Marion, Ind., and was
married Oct. 15 to Wilmer Wilson.
SEARS, Minnie E,, head cataloger at the
library of the University of Minnesota since
1909, has resigned to accept a position in the
public library of New York City, where she
will be first assistant in the cataloging room
of the reference department.
SMITH, Helen M., head of the loan depart-
ment at the University of Minnesota Library
for seven years, has resigned. Miss Smith
was graduated from the University in ,1006.
She is a member of Delta Gamma sorority.
Miss Vivian C. Colgrove, formerly Miss
Smith's assistant, will have charge of the de-
partment for the remainder of the year. Miss
Blanche Young, a graduate of the University
in 1912, will become Miss Colgrove's assistant.
SMITH, Ruth A., of Middletown, Ct., has
resigned her position as teacher in Killing-
worth to accept an appointment in the circu-
lating department of the New York Public
Library. Miss Smith is a graduate of the
Middletown High School and Simmons Col-
lege summer course for librarians.
SMITH, Theodate L., for several years lec-
turer and librarian of the Children's Institute
at Clark University and holder of degrees
from Smith and Yale, died suddenly Feb. 16
in Worcester, Mass. She had been research
assistant to Dr. G. Stanley Hall since 1902.
STRONG, Marjorie, has been appointed libra-
rian of the Studebaker Library at Detroit,
Mich. Miss Strong is a graduate of the Uni-
versity of Wisconsin Library School in the
class of 1911, and has been for some time
an assistant in the Studebaker Library of
South Bend, Ind.
THOMAS, Professor Allen C., librarian of
Haverford College, Haverford, Pa., has an-
nounced that at the end of this year he will
retire from active work. The college will,
however, still retain his services as consulting
librarian. His perfect knowledge of the con-
tents of the library and the relative worth of
authorities on different subjects, will make
his value in this capacity to readers very
great. He will have an office in the building
and will give an hour a day to the cause.
Professor Thomas has been of great service
also by his valuable knowledge of editions
and prices, which has enabled him to act
most efficiently in the purchase of books.
Professor Thomas came to Haverford as pre-
fect in 1878. Since then he has filled the
chairs of English and of history, and during
his whole career of thirty-six years has been
librarian. The library contained oooo volumes
when he took charge, and now has 62,000
volumes. A thoroughly modern stack room,
to contain about 90,000 volumes, has been
completed this year.
WATERS, Carrie, who has been city libra-
rian in San Bernardino, Cal., for a number of
years, has been appointed county librarian and
has resigned her city librarianship.
WILLIAMS, Mrs. Helen Broughton, who has
been librarian at the Atheneum in Saratoga
Springs for the last five years, died Feb. 6.
THE LIBRARY WORLD
A review of the important features of li-
brary progress in the United States during
1913 is included in the section devoted to
"Libraries" which James I. Wyer of the New
York State Library has compiled for the
American Yearbook for 1913. Topics treated
are Buildings, Legislation, Deaths, Appoint-
ments, American Library Association, Gifts,
Bibliographic enterprises, Bibliography.
New England
MAINE
Biddeford. McArthur L. Assn. Emma
Hatch, Ibn. (Rpt. — yr. ending Jan. 31, 1913.)
Accessions 674. Circulation 38,702.. New
registration 299 (104 French-speaking resi-
dents). Salaries amounted to $1200, new
books $409.30, binding $207.35.
Oxford. Oxford's new public library was
dedicated early in February. The idea of the
town's having a public library building origi-
nated with Mrs. Kate Starbird, who brought
the matter before the members of the Ladies'
Guild at a meeting three years ago. Through
her efforts subscriptions were started and gen-
erous donations were made by the towns-
people. Work was begun last August, the
plans having been drawn by Harry D. Olm-
sted of Hartford, Conn. A. W. Walker &
Son of South Paris were the builders and the
approximate cost of the structure is $3500.
The lower part is constructed with cement
blocks while the upper section is half timbered.
The roof is shingled and stained green. The
vestibule opens into the delivery room. At the
left is the reading room, and at the right of
the delivery room is the stack room. The
books of the Freeland Holmes Library which
have been in a room in the rear of Jones' drug
store for many years, will be placed in the
new building. There will be about 2000 vol-
umes.
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Derry. The Adams Memorial Building was
destroyed by fire Jan. 13, causing a loss of
$40,000. It was insured for $18,000. The fire
is a mystery, but an explosion, probably of
gas, was heard as the flames broke out. The
building contained the Opera House, Public
Library, Court room and various offices.
Rochester. Jan. 24 was the twentieth anni-
versary of the opening of the Rochester Pub-
lic Library. Miss Lillian Parshley has been
librarian since the formation of the library.
When the library was first opened there were
2429 volumes, donated by the Social Library,
the books being from one year to a hundred
years old, and Dec. 31, 1913, the books totalled
16,896. The circulation in the first year was
21,936, and the attendance in the reading room
1788. The circulation in 1913 was 56,104 and
the attendance in the reading room 12,238.
The appropriation the first year was $2000, and
this year $3500. During the existence of this
library the largest gift was $1000, given by
the late Mrs. Jennie Fairington, and the larg-
est number of volumes received, 600 well se-
lected ones, donated by the Free Baptist Sun-
day School. In Oct., 1905, Andrew Carnegie
donated the sum of $20,000 for a new building,
and the present one was built under the di-
rection of the trustees.
MASSACHUSETTS
A bill has been introduced in the House
providing that persons residing in a given
community may borrow from the libraries
in adjoining places. There is also provi-
sion in the bill that in case a town or city
declines to lend books to non-residents with-
out charge, adjoining communities that want
their residents to have access to these books
may raise money to pay the expense of bor-
rowing. The bill is in no way compulsory and
it is left to the proper authorities to decide
whether they shall take advantage of its provi-
sions. The bill is endorsed by the board of
free public library commissioners of the state.
Boston. The widow of the late Professor
John Eastman Clarke has presented her hus-
band's library to the library of the College of
Liberal Arts of Boston University. The li-
brary is representative, but it is especially
strong in mathematics, natural science, and
philosophy. The library will be kept intact in
a special alcove, and will be known as the
John Eastman Clarke Library.
Bridgewater. The will of Samuel Pearley
Gates of Plymouth leaves $3000 to the public
library of this town.
Cambridge. The collection of manuscripts
and letters of Robert Louis Stevenson, owned
by the late Harry Elkins Widener, of Phila-
March, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
233
delphia, a victim of the Titanic disaster, will
be presented to Harvard University on the
completion of the Widener Memorial Library.
Added to the collection, which is said to be the
finest in existence, are fifty-seven letters writ-
ten by Stevenson to Sir Sidney Colvin, and
purchased after the death of Mr. Widener by
his grandfather, P. A. B. Widener. Many of
them range from 2000 to 7000 words in length,
and, taken together, they furnish a full record
of the author's doings and feelings in the last
seven years of his life.
Hopedale. The Bancroft Library has been
left a trust fund of $25,000; $20,000 more is
left to the town of Hopedale, the net income
to be applied by the trustees of the Bancroft
Memorial Library to any purposes they see fit ;
$5000 is left for the Bancroft Library, the in-
come also to be applied by the trustees. The
bequests are made by Mrs. Lura Bancroft Day
of Milford, the widow of a former director of
the Draper Co.
Northboro. By the will of Mary M. Adams
of Worcester, the Northboro Public Library
receives the sum of $2000, the income to be
used for the purchase of books on English
and American history.
Somerset P. L. Frances Rogers, Ibn. (Rpt.
— 1913.) Accessions 138. Circulation 7274.
New registration 70. Receipts $879.09; ex-
penditures $488.74.
South Boston. A lease has been obtained
by the city for the use of the Nolen building
on Dorchester street, for five years, and the
room is being arranged for a branch library.
A library has been needed in this section for
some time, and it was through the efforts of
the Andrew Square Improvement Association
that the library was secured.
Williamstown. Williams College L. John
Adams Lowe, Ibn. (Rpt. — 1912-13.) Acces-
sions 2464; total number volumes in library
74,865. Appropriation $9090; expenditures
$9094.94.
The greatest need of the library is a new
central building, the books at present being
scattered in various buildings. The bequest
of John Savary, 1855, of $20,000 providing a
fund for the purchase of books, becomes
available this year. The collections of book-
plates and of Williamsiana grows steadily.
The librarian delivered three lectures to the
freshman divisions on the scientific use of the
library, including the use of the card catalog,
reference books, Poole's Index, and suggestions
on approved methods of making bibliographies.
The results were exceedingly satisfactory.
Worcester. The annual reception given by
the directors of the Worcester Free Public
Library to its incoming members for the year
and the regular staff of the library, was held
in the art room of the Elm street building
Feb. ii. Librarian and Mrs. Robert K. Shaw
received the guests in the larger room, which
was decorated with potted palms. Prof.
George H. Blakeslee, Charles A. Harrington
and Dr. Michael F. Fallen are the three new
members of the board in whose honor the re-
ception was given. Coffee and cakes were
served.
CONNECTICUT
Greeneville. It has been the custom of the
Otis Library to require readers from nearby
towns, school children and others, to pay an
annual fee of $i for the library privileges.
For the convenience primarily of pupils from
such suburban points, the trustees have au-
thorized the librarian, Miss Cash, to issue
six months' tickets for out of town users of
books, the fee to be 50 cents.
Hartford. A complete indexed record of
legislative papers at the state library relating
to crimes and misdemeanors from 1663 to
1788, has been prepared at the library.
Middle Atlantic
NEW YORK
Albion P. L. Lillian A. Achilles, Ibn. (i4th
rpt. — 1913.) Accessions 454; total number of
volumes 11,873. Circulation 34,257. New reg-
istration 348.
After a lapse of several years the village
grant of $600 was renewed in 1913, and the
sum of $736 was expended by the library as-
sociation for permanent improvements, in-
cluding exterior painting, new electric fixtures
at the entrance, new bookcases and card index
systems.
Binghamton. W. F. Seward, Ibn. (Rpt.—
1913.) Accessions 5266; total number of vol-
umes in library, 34,498. Circulation 186,892.
New registration 2019; total number of bor-
rowers 17,364. City appropriation $11,050;
state $100. Expenditures included $2302.79 for
books and periodicals, $237.10 for binding, and
$6127.27 for salaries.
"Five substations have been established, re-
porting a total circulation of 4633 for a period
of about six months. There were eight spe-
-234
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[March, 1914
cial exhibits during the year with a total at-
tendance of about 6000, and 30 numbers in the
free lecture course. The library contributes a
page of library news of special interest to
teachers to the school bulletin issued monthly
by Superintendent of Schools Kelly. One
hundred and fifty-nine traveling libraries were
issued to schools, factories, fire stations and
substations. In talks by members of the staff
in the schools, before mothers' clubs and men's
clubs, library opportunities have been called
directly and indirectly to the attention of many
people. Hundreds of lantern slides were bor-
rowed from the State Department of Educa-
tion for the use of the library and other or-
ganizations."
Buffalo. The Polish library, organized
about 20 years ago by the Polish people in
Buffalo, is the largest Polish library of its
kind in America, according to the last report
filed by its librarian, Frank Lukasiewicz. It
consists of 15,000 books, bought by the small
monthly fees of ten cents during the many
years of its existence, there being now over 250
members. The library has direct connection
with the Polish libraries and publishers in
Warsaw, Posen, Cracow and Lemberg, and re-
ceives over 38 Polish publications of America
and Europe.
Geneva. For the fourth time a bill has been
introduced in the Assembly appropriating
$100,000 for the erection of an administration,
library and demonstration building at the
state experiment station here. Three Legis-
latures have passed it and each time the bill
has been vetoed on the ground of economy.
Ilcrkimer F. L. Edith M. Sheaf, Ibn.
(Rpt.— 1913.) Accessions 370; total number
of volumes in library 12,453. Circulation 30,-
.Mew registration 399; total number of
l>orrowers about 4200.
New York City. William H. Riggs, of Paris
and New York, who recently gave his collec-
tion of arms and armor, the most valuable
in existence, to the Metropolitan Museum of
Art. h;^ also given his library of books on the
subject to the museum.
rk City. The Century Theatre Club,
having established a reference library of dra-
matic literature at the Bloomingdale branch
of the public library, has determined to sup-
P'-rt and enlarge it by giving a certain amount
regularly every month towards buying new
books.
New York City. The Woodstock branch,
second of three now branches of the New
York Public Library, was formally dedicated
to the use of the people on Feb. 17, at 8:30
p.m. The opening exercises consisted of
addresses by Hon. Frank D. Wilsey, the des-
ignated representative of the city of New
York, who presided, and Stephen H. Olin,
Esq., of the board of trustees, and music by
the Music School Settlement. The opening of
this branch adds to the library facilities in
the Bronx, located as it is on the north side of
East i6oth street between Forest and Tinton
avenues, on a plot 50 feet by 147 feet. The
building was designed by Messrs. McKim,
Mead and White, and built by the E. E. Paul
Co. at an estimated cost of $118,000, exclusive
of the cost of books. It is a four-story build-
ing of Indiana limestone with granite base
course. The basement is designed in part for
a general assembly room; the first floor, for
a circulation and reading room for adults ;
the second floor, for the children's room ; the
third floor, for two study rooms for clubs and
the janitor's apartment. An interesting fea-
ture of this branch will be an outdoor reading
room in the yard at the rear, reached by a
passageway leading from the first floor. The
thirty-sixth building erected from the Car-
negie Fund, to be used by the New York Pub-
lic Library as a branch, was opened on Feb.
26, at 8:30 p.m., as the new home of the
Washington Heights branch, formally occupy-
ing inadequate quarters at 922 St. Nicholas
avenue. The new building has been erected
about four blocks farther north, at the north-
east corner of West i6oth street and St. Nicho-
las avenue, on a plot 51 feet by 100 feet, at an
estimated cost of $125,000, including equip-
ment, but excluding books. Designed by
Messrs. Carrere and Hastings as architects
and built by the Norcross Brothers Company,
this building, a four-story structure of tapestry
brick with limestone cornices and trimmings,
is similar to the recently opened Melrose
branch. The ground floor has been devoted to
the children, the first floor set apart for the
circulation department for adults, the second
floor made ready for reading and reference
rooms for adults, and the third floor reserved
for two study rooms for clubs and the jan-
itor's apartment.
New York City. The centenary of the birth
Samuel J. Tilden fell on Feb. 9, and was
observed in various parts of the state with ap-
propriate exercises. The ceremonies in honor
his memory, arranged by the Tilden Me-
morial Commission, began Feb. 8, when his
grave in the cemetery at New Lebanon, N. Y.,
March, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
235
was decorated and formal church services
were held in that town, where Mr. Tilden was
born Feb. 9, 1814. In the Assembly Chamber
at Albany, exercises were held at which Gov.
Glynn presided, while at Carnegie Hall in this
city, there was a final meeting, with speeches
by Mayor Mitchel, Francis Lynde Stetson,
and others. In connection with the celebration
the New York Public Library opened an ex-
hibition of books, manuscripts, portraits and
views relating to the career of Mr. Tilden,
which will continue for a month. Among the
objects of special interest are textbooks which
Mr. Tilden used at school and at Yale, an
engrossed copy of his will, a large number of
prints and photographs of Mr. Tilden and his
home; a facsimile of a characteristic appeal
to Democrats, written by him while a candi-
date for election to the State Legislature in
1871 ; several pictures and plans of the library
building which was to be constructed by the
Tilden Trust, and the record of the breaking
of Mr. Tilden's will in the Reports of the New
York Court of Appeals. Mr. Tilden planned
that the greater part of his estate should be
used for a free library in this city, but the
courts set the will aside after years of litiga-
tion. The trustees finally received a little
more than $2,000,000 from an estate valued
at from $4,000,000 to $6,000,000, and this
money, with the 20,000 volumes in his
private library, his paintings and other objects
of art, went to join the Astor and Lenox en-
dowments and books to form what is now the
New York Public Library.
New York City. The New York Times of
Feb. 12 contained a long letter over the signa-
ture of Kate Parsons, making an unfavorable
comparison of the service in the periodical
room of the New York Public Library with
similar service in the Boston Library, where
less formality is observed in the administra-
tion of the room. A second letter on the same
subject appeared in the issue of the i8th
signed. "A traveler from India," echoing the
sentiments of the first writer, and suggesting
that a shifting of the periodical division to
the room now occupied by the main catalog
would make the department more attractive
to many readers. The library is also criticised
for neglecting to subscribe, for the benefit of
the staff, to the various library publications
both in this country and abroad.
New York City. In Dr. Leipziger's report of
the public lectures given each year by the de-
partment of education, there are included a
number of extracts from the reports of libra-
rians of branches whose auditoriums have been
used in the lecture courses. Reports cover
all five boroughs of the city, and in every in-
stance they testify to an immediate increase
in circulation of books on the subjects dis-
cussed either in the library itself, or in the
other lecture centers of the neighborhood.
Poughkeepsie. Adriance Memorial L. John
C. Sickley, Ibn. (Rpt. — 1913.) Accessions
3509; total number of volumes in the library,
51,196. Circulation 103,082. New registration
1700. Total number of borrowers 8264.
Rochester. Theological Seminary L. Walter
R. Betteridge, Ibn. (i2th rept. — 1913.) Ac-
cessions 878 books and 528 pamphlets.
No attempt has been made to keep an exact
record of the number of readers in the li-
brary, but its use has noticeably increased
and more space has had to be provided for
readers. An important work has been begun
in circulating books among the pastors of
rural churches in western arid central New
York. Lists of books and pamphlets in the
library on the problems of the rural and
village church were sent to the pastors with
the offer to lend them for limited periods and
to pay postage on them one way. About 100
books have been sent out in this way and it is
hoped to extend the work to include books
on missions, Sunday school work, work with
boys, etc.
Rochester. A bill has been sent to Albany
to be introduced in the Legislature, giving ad-
ditional powers to the trustees of the public
library. The bill amends the charter of the
city so that the library trustees will have
power to name their own subordinates and
employes and fix their compensation, also -to
make purchases directly instead of through
the purchasing agent. They may also receive
gifts for a library fund and manage such a
fund.
Utica P. L. Caroline M. Underbill, Ibn.
(Rpt.— 1913.) Accessions 7655; total number
of volumes in library, 73,275. Circulation
208,361, a gain of more than 14,000 over 1912.
New registration 3965, 1129 being in the
children's department. Appropriation $29,553 ;
expenditures $29,245.08, of which $5364.71 was
for books, $1113.05 for binding, and $14,486.95
for salaries.
From November to May the library was
open on Sundays for reference use. After
two months' trial, on Sept. i a new schedule
for circulation was adopted, allowing books
236
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[March, 1914
to be drawn for one calendar month, and in-
creasing the number allowed at one time.
Much time is thus saved both in the routine
work at the library and to the reader. The
new branch opened in East Utica in Novem-
ber is well patronized. Deposit libraries have
circulated 12,803 books, being located in en-
gine houses, mills and factories, playgrounds,
schools and clubs. A student class was
formed in October, 1912, and continued its
course until May, 1913. All the members are
now on the regular staff.
White Plains. The H. W. Wilson Co.,
which has recently moved here from Minnea-
polis, kept "open house" Jan. 23. The plant
was in full operation and over a thousand
guests were shown all the processes in the
making of a book.
NEW JERSEY
Beverly. The town is planning to erect a
free library building of stone or brick, about
40x40 feet. The plans have not yet been
drawn.
Hoboken. At the last meeting of the board
of library trustees the budget for the year was
cut 50 per cent., owing to the fact that $23,000
of the library funds are deposited in the First
National Bank, which recently closed its doors.
Morristown. The Morristown Free Library,
on South street, was destroyed by fire Feb.
23. Most of the 50,000 volumes on its list
were burned and the others were badly
damaged. The rooms of the Morris Acad-
emy, a private day school for boys in the
same building, were burned out also. The
fire started in the basement of the building
under the library. When the firemen
reached the scene the fire had spread up
through the partitions and had reached the
second floor, and they could do no more
than prevent the flames from spreading to
adjoining buildings. The library was con-
structed of granite, with a roof of slate.
The second floor of the building was de-
voted to use as an auditorium. It had a
seating capacity of about 750. The building
was constructed in 1878 at a cost of $65,-
ooo. The late George B. Post was the arch-
itect. The building was insured for $50,000.
The loss of the library cannot be estimated.
It was considered the best in New Jersey
as regards historical subjects. Many of the
volumes were the only ones of their kind
and were considered invaluable. Among
them were files of the old Morristown rec-
ords and of the first newspapers published
in the town.
Newark. A Princeton University exhibit
was on view the first part of February in the
Newark Public Library. Everything pertain-
ing to Princeton from "An account of the
College of New Jersey," printed by James
Parker, at Woodbridge, in 1764, to Jesse
Lynch Williams' stories of campus life
was to be found in the exhibit. Rare auto-
graphs and manuscripts were an attractive
feature. The exhibit remained for three
weeks, and was then shown in various centers
throughout the state.
Orange. William G. Runkle, who died here
Jan. 31, has left $25,000 to the Orange Free
Public Library.
Pleasantville. A Current Literature Club
has been formed here under the leadership of
Supervising Principal Hartman of the borough
schools, and if the people of the town are
sufficiently interested in literature a campaign
for a public library will be started by the club.
Princeton Junction. A collection of Italian
and Hungarian books, with magazines, from
the Princeton Public Library, has been placed
at Princeton Junction for the use of the rail-
road men.
Red Bank. The trustees of the Belmar Li-
brary are so sure of getting a building from
Andrew Carnegie that they have asked £or an
appropriation of $1000 with which to buy
books.
Somerville. A new children's room has
been opened in the public library. A picture
collection has been started numbering already
several hundred prints, special collections1 be-
ing American history, travel pictures, and
great masters and their paintings. Related
subjects are mounted on one large board, con-
stituting a ready-made bulletin.
Trenton. A branch of the Free Public Li-
brary has been opened in the Columbus School
building.
Trenton. A bill appropriating $1000 for ex-
penses of the state librarian in collecting ma-
terial on legislation for the use of the mem-
bers of the Legislature, was passed by the
Senate Feb. 9.
Woodbury Heights. A library association
has been started by residents, who are collect-
ing books for a public library.
PENNSYLVANIA
Alexandria. William Henderson Woolver-
ton, who died at Augusta, Ga., Jan. 21, has
left $25,000 to the Free Memorial Library here.
March, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
237
Carlisle. The annual report of the Bosler
Memorial Library shows a circulation of 22,-
463 books in 1913, with a total number of
6486 volumes in the library at the end of the
year. A new printed catalog has been issued,
a duplicate rental collection has been estab-
lished, and the library has become a govern-
ment depository for all government documents.
Harrisburg. Exactly 3223 books were taken
out of the new Harrisburg Public Library
during the first week it was open to the public,
and over 2500 persons registered.
Philadelphia. At the ninety-first annual
meeting of the stockholders of the Mercantile
Library Company, a resolution asking the
directors to consider plans for the erection of
a larger building on the site now occupied by
the library, on Tenth street above Chestnut,
was adopted. Although no action will be taken
on the resolution for some time, it is expected
that it will be agreed to, and a larger and
more handsome building will be erected. A
resolution was also passed requesting the board
to purchase books at the request of fifty mem-
bers. The report of the directors of the com-
pany, which was read by John Frederick
Lewis, president, showed that 123,216 books
were circulated during the year 1913.
Reading. The three proposed branch libra-
ries for Reading are to be located in the
school buildings at Douglass and Weiser
streets, Fifteenth street and Perkiomen avenue
and Spring and Moss streets. The estimated
expense of the three is $1000 annually. This
amount is included in a $12,000 appropriation
asked of City Council for 1914. In 1913, for
maintaining and conducting the library, the
city appropriated $7700 for maintenance and
the salaries amounted to $3380 more.
MARYLAND
Baltimore. As a subsidiary fund toward the
starting of the campaign recently inaugurated
by the East Baltimore Neighborhood Associa-
tion to secure money to buy a lot for an Enoch
Pratt Free Library branch in the congested
district of the city, six prominent Jewish res-
idents of this city have pledged $100 apiece.
The association expects to raise $10,000.
There are 130 members of the association and
each member will personally solicit every per-
son living within a designated radius of four
blocks. In this section there are about 5000
Jewish children, and if every child gives five
cents toward the fund and every adult 50
cents, the needed amount will be obtained
within a very short time.
The South
NORTH CAROLINA
Charlotte P. L. Mary B. Palmer, Ibn.
(Rpt. — 1913.) Accessions 1203; total number
of volumes in library, 7288. Circulation 45,-
648. New registration 1560; total number of
borrowers 5675.
Special effort has been made to extend the
use of the library throughout the county.
County teachers are allowed to take out as
many as 30 books to be kept not longer than
eight weeks. Magazines sent in by Charlotte
people have been given to county residents.
The best books on agriculture have been pur-
chased, and these are read constantly by the
farmers of the county. Agricultural maga-
zines are received, and newspapers and mov-
ing picture theaters have been used to ad-
vertise the library.
Raleigh. Practically all of the work of trans-
ferring the State Library to the new building
has been completed. All of the books have
been removed, and most of them have been
placed in shelves in the new quarters.
SOUTH CAROLINA
Latta. The cornerstone of the Latta Public
Library was laid on Feb. 4. The sum of $5000
was donated about a year ago by the Carnegie
Corporation for this building, and very soon
after a levy of one mill was voted on this
school district for the purpose of providing
an annual guarantee fund for maintenance.
The building committee awarded the contract
last November, and the building is to be com-
pleted by March 15. Ample library accom-
modations are provided in the main story for
book stands, reading room and librarian's
apartments, while the basement provides for
toilet and storage purposes. The building is of
brick, the face brick being of a rough texture
tapestry variety, and the roof will be of slate.
GEORGIA
Dawson. A contract has been signed for
the erection uf a Carnegie library in Dawson,
the contractors being the Shields-Geise Lum-
ber Company, of this city. The location
chosen is a desirable one, being on the east
side of Main street, just north of the city hall,
and on land owned by the city.
Fitzgerald. Steps are being taken to pro-
cure funds and a suitable site for a public
library. It is hoped to erect a $20,000 build-
ing.
Savannah. Negotiations have been opened
with the Carnegie Corporation with a
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[March, 1914
view to getting the appropriation of $75»oo°
which has been made for the erection of a
public library in Savannah, increased to $100,-
ooo, that the city may have a building fully
adequate to its needs. The suggestion has
also been made that the Georgia Historical
Society should make a permanent transfer of
its book collections to the library when the
new building is assured.
Thomasville. The McLean Library has
proved a very valuable institution to the
country teachers of Thomas county and one
that they highly appreciate. At the close of
his term of twenty-five years as county
school superintendent, Capt. K. T. McLean
presented this library to the county to be used
by the teachers and pupils of the schools, he
having gathered many books of value and in-
terest. A library association was organized
and named for him and at a recent meeting
the officers elected to serve for this year were :
J. L. Lewellyn, president ; J. Gorham Garrison,
vice-president; P. Wheeler, secretary; J. S.
Searcy, treasurer.
ALABAMA
Birmingham. The East Lake branch of the
public library system was opened to the public
the middle of February. Miss Theresa Hood
"f Talladega, a graduate of the Atlanta Li-
brary School, will be the East Lake librarian.
Miss Hood has had two years' experience in
\Y\v York libraries. The new library branch
is located in the old East Lake city hall, and
will be opened with about 1000 books. It will
make the fifth branch library in the city.
TENNESSEE
Johnson City. The library board of the
Mayne Williams Library, has announced that
a library building will be erected in the spring
in the lot between the new high school build-
ing and the Munsey Memorial Church.
Knoxville. The city commission has re-
ceived the following proposal from the trustees
of the Lawson-McGhee Library: The trustees
agree to erect on a lot purchased by the city
from J. W. Borches, corner of Market street
and Commerce avenue, a modern library build-
ing costing $50,000, to be completed Oct. i,
1916. They propose to sell the old Lawson-
McGhee Library building on Gay street to
re funds to erect this new structure. They
also propose to give the city a 99-year lease on
the new building with the privilege of another
ar lease. They propose to give to the
.ill books and equipment of the present
Lawson-McGhee Library. Upon the signing
of the contract with the city they propose at
once to turn over to the city the present Law-
son-McGhee Library, that shall be made a
free library until the new structure is erected.
In return the trustees ask the city to do the
following: To levy a tax for the mainte-
nance of the library, amounting to at least
$5000 per year; to pay all running and oper-
ating expenses, the maintenance of the build-
ing and the purchase of new books. Also to
pay rent on the present building now occupied,
which will be $60 per month, until the new
building shall be occupied.
Nashville. The new steel stacks for the
state law library have been installed. An
effort will be made to secure an appropriation
from the next Legislature to introduce the
steel stacks in other departments of the state
library.
MISSISSIPPI
Laurel. The Carnegie Corporation has
granted the application of this city for a
public library to be erected at a cost of about
$30,000. The city is to furnish grounds and
appropriate $100 monthly for maintenance.
Webb City. A small group of women or-
ganized the Women's Library and Civic Im-
provement Association in 1910. In April of
last year the special tax necessary for the
maintenance of a library was voted, and the
library will be a reality within the year.
Central West
OHIO
Belle fontaine. Plans for a $12,000 library
at Zanesfield have been completed. The build-
ing will be of brick and stone. It was donated
to the village by Dr. E. S. Sloan, of Boston.
Cleveland. Alta Branch of the Cleveland
Public Library opened early in February in
the new building at Mayfield Road and E.
I25th street given to the Alta House Settle-
ment and the library by John D. Rockefeller.
This library ranks as one of the larger
branches of the system and unites Alta House
Branch, formerly occupying a room in the old
Alta House Settlement building, and Alta
Children's Room formerly at 2022 E. I25th
street. The library consists of a circulating
and reference department and a large chil-
dren's room, with two club rooms opening off,
one of which is for use during the day time
as a story hour and girls' club room, while
during the evening hours both are for club
March, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
239
use. Alta Branch is in charge of Miss Ruth
K. Field as branch librarian. The book col-
lection includes a large number of books in
Italian and there will be at least one Italian-
speaking assistant on the staff.
Cleveland. The new library and auditorium
of the Law School of Western Reserve Uni-
versity, occupying a large portion of the build-
ing which recently has been added, was opened
Feb. 7.
Findlay. The county commissioners have
been asked to call an election for the purpose
of voting on a proposition to issue bonds for
the purchase of a site for the erection of a
county Carnegie library. Mr. Carnegie offers
to erect a building to cost from $35,000 to
$50,000, if the site and maintenance will be
furnished.
Massillon. McClymonds P. L. Clara Mil-
ler, Ibn. (Rpt.— 1913.) Accessions 1052; total
number of volumes in library, 19,529. Circu-
lation 61,184. New registration 1016; total
number of borrowers 3086. Receipts $7402.64 ;
expenditures include $1411.81 for books and
magazines, and $1680.17 for salaries.
Troy. By the will of the late Cyrus Tel-
ford Brown, $1500 is bequeathed to the Troy
Public Library.
MICHIGAN
Ann Arbor. The regents of the University
of Michigan are going to be asked to give the
university library an addition and an increase
in the amount of money which the library
now has annually to spend for books for the
literary department. In support of the re-
quest Librarian Theodore W. Koch points out
how soon the room which is now left in the
old library building will be filled with the in-
coming books. An average of 1500 to 2000
volumes per month are added to the library.
When the annual report of the library was
made for the year ending June 30, 1913, there
was a total of 322,040 books in the libraries
of the university of which 247,761 were in
stacks in the general library building. The
library has more than doubled in size during
the last eleven years. The new addition will,
if allowed, be on the west side of the present
stack wing.
Armada. A site has been purchased by the
library board for the new library for which
Andrew Carnegie gave the city $8000.
Detroit. The popularity of the Delray
branch library station, which was opened Jan.
22, has far exceeded expectations and it has
been necessary to have two librarians to care
for applicants. Miss Lillian Hodge is in
charge; Miss Amelia Poray is superintendent
of the library extension department. The
books in German, Polish, Hungarian and Ar-
menian have been in great demand. Thurs-
day evening of each week will be reserved es-
pecially for the older people of the district.
Two hundred books and 100 cards were given
out the first week.
Detroit. The library of Clarence M. Burton
has been accepted by the Detroit Library Com-
mission, and plans are being prepared to convert
the Burton residence on Brainard street, which
Mr. Burton will abandon about July i, and
which was included in the gift, into a central
museum.
ILLINOIS
Champaign. Announcement has been made
that the library of the University of Illinois
will be replaced by a new building. The pres-
ent building, which was erected during the
term of Gov. John P. Altgefd, probably will
be converted to the use of the College of Law.
A tentative site has been selected for the new
building.
Chicago. At a meeting of the directors of
the Chicago Public Library, plans were laid
to attack the agreement between book pub-
lishers and dealers by which no dealer is sup-
posed to grant libraries more than ten per cent,
discount on net books. Henry E. Legler
pointed out the injustice of the agreement,
and President A. Lagorio of the library board
said the matter would be placed before the
proper authorities. At the same meeting,
plans were announced for an extension of the
branch library system by opening the follow-
ing branch rooms : Palmer Park, South Chi-
cago, April i ; Seward Park, Orleans and Elm
streets, March i ; Stanton Park, Vedder and
Larrabee streets, April i ; Summer School,
South Kedvale and Colorado avenues, June i :
Irving Park, Irving Park boulevard and
Hamlin avenue, in course of erection ; Pu-
laski Park, Blackhawk and Noble streets,
Sept. i ; Sheridan Park, Racine street, Broad-
way and Lawrence avenue, March i. The
Sheridan Park branch will be one of the best
equipped in the city. For its fittings $5000
will be expended by the board of directors.
Evanston. Garrett Biblical Inst. L. Rev.
S. G. Ayres, asst. Ibn. (Rpt.— 1913.) Accessions
5021 volumes, 5531 pamphlets, and 3424 un-
bound magazines; total number of pieces in
240
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[March, 1914
library, 28,099 volumes, 15,309 pamphlets, and
18,133 magazines. Circulation for home use,
about 4000; for use in the building about
20,000.
The librarian came to this library in June,
1912, after nearly twenty-five years of service
in the library of Drew Theological Seminary.
During the year the library has been com-
pletely reorganized. Scattered books were as-
sembled and a complete inventory taken, after
which the entire library was reclassified ac-
cording to the Dewey decimal system, and
101,000 cards were written and filed. Student
help is used entirely. Author cards have been
exchanged with Northwestern University Li-
brary. An effort is being made to strengthen
the collection of works relating to Methodism
and also other denominations.
Lawrenceville. A reading room for men
and boys has been started in the Presbyterian
church, which is open to the public Saturday
afternoons. Whenever the citizens undertake
in a larger way to supply the need for a public
library, this collection of books will be givqn
to the larger institution.
Rockford. A deposit station was opened in
the North Rockford W. C. T. U. building on
Jan. 26, in the large reading room on the north
side of the building. It contains about 500
volumes from the main library which will be
changed occasionally to meet the demand, and
about 700 volumes of the library belonging to
the W. C. T. U., which will be a permanent
part of the collection. It is more like a branch
than a deposit station, and will furnish some
facilities for reference work for the school
children of the community. It will be open
Mondays and Thursdays from 3 to 5 and 7 to
9 p. m. Miss Franc Judd of the library staff
will be in charge.
Streator. According to the annual report of
the librarian, Mrs. A. P. Wright, the circula-
tion of books in 1913 was 5678 less than in
1912. Every line of reading showed a marked
decrease, except sociology and periodicals. In
the sociological line, there was an increase in
number of books from 429 in 1912 to 552 in
1913- With the periodicals, there were 1820
taken out in 1912 and 1948 in the year just
closed.
Waterman. Clinton township library com-
mittee has let the contracts for the new Car-
negie library and work will begin as soon as
the weather will permit.
INDIANA
Hobart. Word has been received that An-
drew Carnegie will donate $16,000 for a li-
brary building if Hobart will raise $1,000 an-
nually for maintenance.
Richmond. Several committees have been
appointed by the Commercial Club, Earlham
College, and other organizations to work to-
gether for the popularization and improve-
ment of the Morrisson-Reeves Library. A
campaign of general publicity is to be con-
ducted.
Warsaw. Warsaw club women have started
a movement that is expected to result in the
founding of a Carnegie library. The present
library is operated in connection with the
public schools.
Waterloo. The new library building do-
nated by Andrew Carnegie to Waterloo and
Grant township was formally opened and ded-
icated Jan. 26. The building with its present
equipment cost $9000.
The North West
WISCONSIN
Madison. The state department of public
instruction has completed the compilation of a
new township school library list which will be
in force two years beginning with April I.
The state superintendent of public instruction,
the secretary of the Free Library Commission
and the attorney general constitute a com-
mission which is to pass upon bids for supply-
ing the books for the two-year period men-
tioned. There will be about 1450 titles on the
new lists.
Milton. Milton College L. Mabel Maxson,
Ibn. (Rpt. — yr. ending July 9, 1913.) Acces-
sions 367 ; total number of books now in li-
brary, 9390. Circulation 4449. Total registra-
tion 306. Receipts $384; expenditures $373.51.
Milwaukee. Mrs. Lydia Ely's celebrated
autograph collection, a book that was pur-
chased by the late Capt. Fred Pabst for $8000,
has been presented to the public library by
Col. Gustave Pabst, his son. Mrs. Ely ob-
tained signatures of many great men of Amer-
ica and in a number of foreign countries, each
adding a line or two adapted to the occasion.
The task was undertaken by Mrs. Ely for the
purpose of raising money for the erection of
the soldiers' monument, standing at Grand
avenue and Tenth street. The $8000 paid for
the autographs completed the necessary fund.
MINNESOTA
A municipal reference bureau has been or-
ganized by the general extension division of
March, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
241
the University of Minnesota. It will act as
a clearing-house for information and ideas
concerning municipal problems, and its infor-
mation will be at the disposal of all cities in
the state. The faculty of the Law School, the
College of Engineering, and the department of
Political Science will cooperate with the bu-
reau in supplying authoritative information.
Cloquet. In the absence of a bookstore in
the town, the library at Christmas time ordered
a select list of books for children. From
these orders were taken or the books were sold
outright, those remaining unsold being added
to the children's collection.
Detroit. The Carnegie library building was
formally opened to the public Nov. 14.
Duluth. The West End branch of the pub-
lic library, at present located in the Mohaupt
building, 2022 West Superior street, will be
moved March i to 20 North Twentieth ave-
nue West. The change is being made on ac-
count of the poor location and in the hope
that more adults as well as children will be-
come patrons. The library will occupy the
street floor. A large reading room will be
provided for.
Graceville. The village council has voted
to accept a gift of $6000 from the Carnegie
Corporation, and has agreed to make the neces-
sary annual appropriation of $600 for its main-
tenance.
Granite Falls. A $5000 Carnegie library
building will be erected next spring.
Minneapolis. The new Franklin branch li-
brary is nearing completion and will be ready
for occupancy in April. All the Scandinavian
books will be shelved at this branch as it is
situated in the center of a large Scandinavian
section. The Minneapolis Library has one of
the largest collections of Scandinavian books
in the country, about 60,000 volumes. At this
branch a reading room will be set aside espe-
cially for this literature. The library now
subscribes for eight Scandinavian magazines
and about a dozen newspapers. This branch
was built at a cost of $40,000 and is one of
the four buildings provided for by the Car-
negie gift. On the upper floor will be a large
general reading room, the special Scandina-
vian reading room and the stacks for books.
On the lower floor will be the children's room
and a neighborhood club room with a seating
capacity of about 75. This room will be for
the use of neighborhood clubs and societies
for meetings. Two porches are being built
for summer reading rooms.
Minneapolis. The state law library at the
capitol now contains 74,354 volumes, according
to the report submitted by Elias Lien, state
librarian, to Governor A. O. Eberhart. There
were 2239 volumes added during the year, of
which 974 were purchased. During 1913 the
library spent $5281 for books and bindings-
and $6316.66 for salaries. Mr. Lien says that
the library is badly crowded in its present
quarters and that room is needed, especially
for a reference library.
Minneapolis. A business library is to be
established downtown, within the easiest reach
of business workers, and organized to provide
them with the information they seek at the
earliest possible moment. The exact site has
not yet been selected, but it will probably be
in one of the downtown office buildings.
Minneapolis. A civil service examination
for boys of high school age who want to work
part time as pages in the public library, was
held Jan. 31. The superintendent of schools
is cooperating with the civil service commis-
sion.
Minneapolis. When the new form of
government goes into effect next June, the
public library will be grouped with the public
schools under a commissioner of education,
one of the six departments of the city govern-
ment.
Ortonville. The Carnegie Corporation Has
offered $10,000 for a library building and the
council has made the required tax levy.
St. Paul. It is announced that Dr. William
Dawson Johnston, who assumed the duties of
chief librarian in the St. Paul Public Library
Jan. i, will receive a salary of $4500 a year.
This represents an increase of $2700 over the
salary paid the librarian in St. Paul in the
past.
St. Paul. The board of directors of the
public library have advertised for bids on the
erection of the superstructure of the new li-
brary building.
Sauk Center. The Sauk Center Public Li-
brary which, as the Bryant Library Associa-
tion, is one of the oldest in the state, is the
first to consolidate with the school library
under the new law passed last winter. The
school library of over 1500 volumes has been
turned over to the public library to be acces-
sioned and cataloged and administered by the
librarian of the public library.
242
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[March, 1914
Virginia. A story hour has been started
which is proving so popular it is difficult to
accommodate all the children. Qass-room li-
braries have been placed in five school build-
ings.
IOWA
Burlington. Miss Miriam B. Wharton, the
librarian of the public library, is making spe-
cial efforts to gather for the library as much
material as possible relating to the city. She
is getting together municipal, county and
school reports, and suggests, that there must
be much material in the possession of resi-
dents, which would enrich a department of the
public library devoted especially to Burlington.
Des Moines. A branch of the public library
will be installed in the Y. W. C. A. building
this year.
Des Moines. An office room has been par-
titioned off from a part of the east vestibule
of the main library, and ten new steel book-
stacks have been installed in the reference
room, almost doubling its capacity. Other
changes are planned for the building but have
been postponed for the present, owing to the
expense.
Dubuque. A branch library has been in-
stalled in the Audubon School.
NEBRASKA
Fairfield. The new Carnegie library at
Fairfield was dedicated Jan. 15, with appro-
priate ceremonies and in the presence of a big
gathering of citizens. The new building was
completed at a total cost of $7800.
The South West
MISSOURI
Columbia. The University of Missouri is
to have a library building costing $200,000,
exclusive of all interior fixtures and books.
The letting of the contract to J. W. Wilson
& Son of St. Louis has been announced by
Albert Ross Hill, president of the university,
to the board of curators. At present only the
central part of the building, excluding the
wings on either end, will be constructed. The
dimensions of the structure will be about 200
by 175 feet.
Kansas City. A class of five library ap-
prentices, selected out of fourteen, who filed
applications and took the examinations, started
work at the public library on Feb. 9. The
examination was based on high school work
and general reading. One of the five highest
received a grading of 98, the highest mark
received by any library apprentice since the
administration of Purd B. Wright as public
librarian. The object of the apprentice class
is to train library assistants specially adapted
to work in the Kansas City libraries. The
members of the class are Misses Elizabeth
Ware, Rachel Kincade, Mary McBeth, Mrs.
J. B. Bennett and Mrs. T. J. Hearn.
Macon. An interesting expedition has been
planned by school and business men of Macon
and Adair counties for the early summer, to
motor to the Indian mounds in Northern Mis-
souri to collect relics for the Macon Public
Library-.
Mexico. The board of directors of the Mex-
ico Free Public Library have accepted the
building from L. M. Lake, the contractor.
The building cost $12,500, which came from
the Carnegie Corporation. The site was do-
nated by Mr. and Mrs. J. F. Llewellyn. The
Federated Women's Clubs of Mexico have
maintained a library here, and its books will
be moved to the new building.
St. Joseph. For the purpose of showing
stereopticon slides which have been purchased
by the library board and which will fit any
standard machine, a new stereopticon has been
presented to the library by a St. Joseph citi-
zen. The new machine is a small affair, which
can be packed in a single case and easily car-
ried about, but it is equal in power to the best
of the standard machines. It can be used
anywhere where an electric light socket is
available. Both the machine and slides are
to be loaned free to responsible persons. They
can be used for home entertainments, but are
especially valuable in giving public lectures.
St. Louis. Afternoon tea has been intro-
duced in the Central Public Library. Each of
the loo employes in the library building gels
ten minutes off, between 3:30 and 4:30 p.m.
each day, to visit the staff lunchroom and enjoy
a cup. The expense is met by contributions
from friends of the institution. Outside
guests are not invited, and while cheerful chat-
ting over the tea cups is encouraged, the affair
is not a social function, and its purpose is t<>
freshen up the staff and heighten efficiency.
St. Louis. The annual report of the Cath-
olic Free Library, 217 North Sixth strut,
shows that 20,100 books were borrowed from
the library in the last year. The number of
volumes now on hand is 7552. Two hundred
newspapers and current periodicals are re-
March, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
243
ceived and files kept for the reading public.
Adults borrowed 13,400 volumes in the last
twelve months, and children 6700. Of these
books, 4467 were of fiction. The library was
open for circulation 300 days.
Savannah. L. R. Williams, an attorney of
Savannah, has received a check for $1000
from E. V. Price, living in Chicago, who was
born and raised here, to be expended on the
public library. Last November when he was
here Mr. Williams noticed that new books
were needed and the gift is the result. When
the library was built a number of years ago he
subscribed $20,000 for the building. Later he
made an endowment of $15,000.
ARKANSAS
Harrison. The Library Board of the Har-
rison Public Library is arranging to keep the
library open in the afternoon and evening as
a public reading room. The structure was
built by the efforts of the women of Harrison,
and the library has been supported by them
without assistance since 1905.
Little Rock. The Little Rock Musical Coterie
has decided to give the organization's musical
library to the Little Rock Public Library, to
be known as the "Musical Coterie Library."
The library will be added to from time to
time.
Little Rock P. L. Dorothy D. Lyon, Ibn.
(Rpt. — 1913.) Accessions 2193, exclusive of
two private libraries bequeathed. Circulation
68,340. New registration 1896; total number
of borrowers 7806. Expenditures $5874.76.
The building committee reports that the
cost of the library building was $88,000, and
that there remains in the fund a balance of
$100, which the board directed the committee
to return to Andrew Carnegie with the thanks
of the board.
LOUISIANA
New Orleans. Henry M. Gill, Ibn. (Rpt.—
1913.) Accessions 10,978; total number of
volumes 127,199. Total circulation 447,397.
The circulation of the branches was as fol-
lows: Royal, 65,785; Canal, 62,149; Napoleon,
61,052, and Algiers, 33,270. Number of visi-
tors to reading room, 76,000. Expenditures
$44,395-
During the past few months there was kept
a special rack for books dealing with subjects
being presented at the local theaters, as well
as with topics under discussion in the news-
papers. When an attraction is advertised for
one of the New Orleans theaters, the books
on the subject are placed on these shelves.
Mr. Gill reports that these books have been
"literally grabbed up" by the public. Five
months ago a stamp club, composed of boys
and young men, was organized. The members
meet regularly and discuss and exchange for-
eign and domestic postage stamps. Any per-
son interested in the collection of stamps is
invited to attend these meetings.
TEXAS
Dallas. Miss Rosa M. Leeper, librarian of
the Dallas Public Library, has received notice
that plans for the Oak Cliff branch of the
Dallas Public Library have been approved by
the Carnegie Corporation. The contract will
be let as soon as possible. The building will
be located on Turner plaza in Oak Cliff, and
is to cost $25,000, including the equipment.
Sherman. The plans and specifications for
the Carnegie library for Sherman have been
accepted. This building will be fireproof, of
reinforced concrete and brick, and will cost
$20,000. The plans were drawn by John Tul-
loch of this city.
Pacific Coast
CALIFORNIA
Auburn. A strip twenty-one feet long and
two to three feet wide, was ripped off the roof
of the Carnegie Library building by high wind
Jan. 14. Fortunately the location of the dam-
age did not affect the books. The wind also
tore off the cap of the chimney.
Bakersfield. The twenty-fourth branch of
the Kern County Free Library has just been
opened at Caliente, with Miss E. C. Williams,
the teacher at Caliente, in charge.
Chula Vista. The report of the number of
volumes in the public library is as follows :
Fiction, 1997; non-fiction, 258; juvenile, 632,
an 1 magazines, 944. The library is affiliated
with the state and county libraries and is able
to obtain any book desired by patrons. The
quarters have been enlarged and the building
is now fitted to hold civic meetings.
Long Beach. The new library commission
has decided an enlargement of the present
building in Pacific Park, a gift from Andrew
Carnegie, must be made to accommodate the
rapidly increasing reading public. The direc-
tors have decided on building a wing to the
present building, and will ask the assistance
of Mr. Carnegie in financing the scheme.
While no specific amount has been named it is
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[March, 1914
244
expected that from $15,000 to $25,000 will be
asked. The original gift to this city in 1008
was $50,000,
Long Beach Free P. L. Victoria Ellis, Ibn.
(Rpt— yf. ending June 30, IQI3-) Total num-
her of volumes in library 28,194. Circulation
of books, main library 220,645; branches 34,-
548; circulation of pictures, 24,949; grand total
280,142. Total registration 19,524. Receipts
$22,611.24; expenses $21,906.67.
Los Angeles. A survey of the work done
in Los Angeles, showing how the facilities of
the library are being made increasingly useful
to the 500,000 people spread out over 100
square miles of territory, is described by Will
H. Fischer in an illustrated article in The Cali-
fornia Outlook for Jan. 17, called "The prac-
tical service of one public library."
Montebello. A free library was opened
here Feb. 3. The books are furnished by the
county and after being maintained by the
ladies' club for one year, the institution will
become a part of the free circulating library
system supported by the county.
Rwerbank. A branch of the Yolo County
Library was installed here in January. Mrs.
M. Powell is the librarian.
Santa Monica. Plans are being made for
an outdoor reading room in connection with
the public library.
UTAH
Richfield. Dedication of the Carnegie li-
brary took place here in January. The library
was built through the donation of $10,000 by
Andrew Carnegie. The building is of brick
and is situated in the center of Richfield in
close proximity to the schools.
IDAHO
Caldwell. The exterior work on the library
building is now complete and the board is
confronted with the problem of furnishing the
library and purchasing additional books. Un-
der the terms of the contract with the Car-
negie Association, the city is required to raise
by taxation $1250 annually for the mainte-
nance of the institution. At present about
half this amount is being raised. It is the
policy of the board to keep expenses down as
much as possible and to use the surplus for
the purchase of additional volumes. It is
now suggested that a portion of this mainte-
nance fund could be diverted to advantage to
••urchasc of fixtures for the new building,
and the question of the legality of diverting
the money for this purpose has been referred
to the city attorney.
NampaP.L. Mrs. Yant, Ibn. (Rpt— 1913.)
Accessions 486, making the total number of
volumes about 3000. Circulation 14,757.
There were 33,338 visitors to the build
Foreign
GREAT BRITAIN
William Prideaux Courtney, an English bib-
liographer of note, died Nov. 14. IQU- In
collaboration with Mr. G. C. Boase he pub-
lished the "Bibliotheca Cornubiensis," a cata-
log of the writings of Cornishmen and of
works relating to Cornwall. A work^of great
value to English librarians was the "Register
of national bibliography" in two volumes, pub-
lished in 1005, with a supplementary volume
published in 1912. He also published "The
secrets of our national literature," a work on
the literature published anonymously or under
pseudonyms. He had contributed many art-
icles to the "Encyclopedia Britannica" and the
"Dictionary of national biography," and at the
time of his death had in preparation a biblio-
graphy of Johnson, which the Oxford Uni-
versity Press was to publish.
Sir William H. Bailey, who had been a
member of the Library Association since 1879
and was elected its president in 1906, died
suddenly in London the 21 st of last November.
At the time of his death he was a governor of
the John Rylands Library and an honored
member of many societies and institutions.
The fourth International Easter School
under the auspices of the Library Assistants'
Association will be held in London April 10
to April 13, with headquarters at the Thack-
eray Hotel, Great Russell Street, near the
British Museum and in the heart of the city.
There will be visits to Buckingham Palace
Road Library, Fulham Central Public Library,
British Museum Library, and an excursion to
Oxford to visit the Bodleian and other libra-
ries there. There will also be various excur-
sions to points of interest in and near London,
and a reception by the Library Association at
Caxton Hall, Westminster.
The proceedings of the thirty-sixth annual
meeting of the Library Association at Bourne-
mouth, Sept. 1-5, 1913, have been printed in
full in the December number of the Library
Association Record.
March, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
245
The December general meeting of the Libra-
ary Assistants' Association was held at the
Hammersmith Central Library Dec. 17. The
principal paper was by Mr. H. M. Cashmore,
deputy chief librarian of the Birmingham pub-
lic libraries, on "A provincial point of view,"
which dealt principally with the education of
the assistant and incidentally with the speaker's
disapproval of the L. A. examination syllabus
and its effect, intentional and otherwise, on
the assistant.
Birmingham. The Carnegie Library at
Northfield, Worcestershire, six miles south of
Birmingham, on Feb. 12 was destroyed by fire
set by an "arson squad" of militant suffra-
gettes. All the books were burned and only
the shell of the building was left standing.
Papers were found strewn around the place
bearing the words : "To start your new libra-
ry" and "Give women the vote."
Nottingham. With the approval of the Not-
tingham city council the public libraries com-
mittee applied to Andrew Carnegie for as-
sistance in defraying the cost of branch libra-
ries. In reply the Carnegie United Kingdom
Trust, to whom Mr. Carnegie has transferred
the funds rendered available by him for pro-
viding libraries, have intimated that they will
provide the sum of £15,000 to cover the cost
of the building of four complete branch libra-
ries and reading rooms ready for occupation,
on condition that the library corporation will
undertake to provide sites from sources other
than the library rate, and a sum of £1150 per
annum for the upkeep of the libraries.
The offer has been accepted and the libraries
committee, after visiting all the district libra-
ries and reading rooms, and giving careful
consideration to the whole question of district
libraries, have advertised for the four sites
for the projected libraries as follows: (i)
The Meadows District; (2) Bulwell (High-
bury Vale, east side of Midland Railway) ;
(3) Between Old Basford and New Basford;
(4) Carrington and Sherwood District.
Nottingham P. L. J. Potter Briscoe, Ibn.
(Rpt. — yr. ending Mar. 31, 1913.) Total num-
ber of volumes in library 142,558. Circulation
602,816 volumes against 615,698 during the
previous year. Total attendance for all pur-
poses at the central and branch libraries was
2,274,424 against 2,376,551 the previous year.
Plymouth F. L. W. H. K. Wright, Ibn.
(36th rpt. — yr. ending Mar. 31, 1913.) Acces-
sions 2316 volumes ; total number of volumes
in library 67,400. Home circulation 330,152
volumes; books used in reference library 65,-
241; total 395,393, as against 413,905 in the
previous year. New registration 2821 ; total
number of borrowers 99,213.
HOLLAND
Bibliothecaris, the Dutch monthly devoted
to library interests, publishes the following
figures relative to the use of public reading
rooms in a number of cities of Holland dur-
ing the month of September, 1913. Rotter-
dam, municipal reading room : 4508 books
read, 8138 visitors ; annex : 2656 books loaned,
2100 visitors. Library of "Ons Huis": 3705
books loaned. Dordrecht: public reading
room, 5120 books loaned; children's depart-
ment, 2178. s' Gravenhage: 2612 books called
for, 6473 visitors. Leyden, public reading
room : 3483 books called for, 2150 visitors.
Naarden-Biissum. This town, a suburb of
Amsterdam, the home of many Amsterdam
merchants, has a library association already
numbering 300 members. An annual member-
ship fee is charged, and the accumulation of
funds is now sufficient for the establishment
of a library, for which municipal and govern-
ment aid is also promised.
Utrecht. The organization and administra-
tion of the University Library at Utrecht is
described by Miss To van Rije in The Library
Association Record for December, 1913. For
reference purposes the Utrecht University Li-
brary is free to all comers, but to obtain books
for home use persons not students and not
personally known to the staff, must obtain an
introduction. University students form only
about one-sixth the total number of users.
There are three main catalogs : an alphabetical
catalog, a classified catalog, and a shelf catalog
for use of the staff only. All additions to the
library are entered in the alphabetical catalog
under authors' names, according to a special
code of cataloging rules. Catalog slips are
printed on sheets in six columns, about n
cm. wide. Those for cutting are printed on
thin bank paper, mounted on sheets of thick
paper, and bound into small catalogs contain-
ing about 200 titles, and held together in a
kind of loose-leaf arrangement that makes ad-
ditional insertions easy. Entries for the clas-
sified catalog are mounted on cards and filed
in drawers. The shelf list is arranged in the
order of the accession numbers. Requests for
books are made by filling in the proper form
(white for home use, yellow for the reading
room, and green for the manuscript depart-
ment). By filling in duplicate blanks, tH
246
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[March, 1914
attendant leaves one on the shelf in place of
the book, and files two others at the charging
desk, one under the borrower's name and the
second under the call number. In the old por-
tion of the library the books are arranged in
twenty-six classes, each designated by a letter
of the alphabet, and a further division is made
by size, folios, quartos and octavos being
grouped together. In the new portion of the
library the books are shelved by size without
regard to class, which is only to be learned
through the classified catalog. The reading
and reference room is open to the public with
no formality beyond the signing of a visitors'
book. The tables are fitted with drawers pro-
vided with locks and keys, and anyone engaged
in special work may obtain the use of one of
ihese drawers for the storing of memoranda.
GERMANY
Breslau. Stadtbibliothek und Stadtarchiv
[City Library and City Archives]. Dr. Hippe,
director of Stadtbibliothek. (Rpt. — yr. ending
Dec. 31, 1912.) Accessions 5785. Circulation
86^84. Receipts 572.36 Marks; expenditures
16,795.03 Marks (the deficit being covered by
municipal appropriation).
Advance is reported in almost every activity
"t" the library. The circulation has increased
over 20 per cent, since 191 1. This is undoubtedly
due to the fact that formerly the library was
only open two hours daily for the borrowing
and returning of books, whereas during 1912
it was open daily from 9 until 2. During the
past year much of the time of the staff of the
library was taken up in assisting in the ar-
rangement of the exposition to celebrate the
centennial of the War of Liberation.
ITALY
Milan. The People's Library Association
has published the results of an attempt to es-
tablish a reading room for boys. The chief
purpose of this experiment was to keep from
the streets boys of from eight to fifteen years.
The results of the first two weeks were as
follows : 9 readers were eight years old ; 22
were nine : 23 ten years old ; 71 were eleven
years of age ; 39 were twelve ; 57 were thirteen ;
14 were fourteen years old ; 21 had reached
the age of fifteen. The visitors comprised 256
and 20 girls. During these first two
weeks 399 books were loaned; of these 177
were books of adventure, 118 novels and short
stories, 16 romances, 12 historical and geo-
graphical books, 8 on natural science, 4 poetic
works, 3 purely literary, 2 theatrical, and mis-
cellaneous 57.
AUSTRIA
Vienna, k. k. Universitatsbibliothek [Li-
brary of the Royal and Imperial University],
Herr Himmelbauer, director, (Rpt. — yr. end-
ing Sept. 30, 1912). Accessions 25,306; total
856,462. Circulation 567,505. Total number
of borrowers 293,014. Receipts (calendar
year 1912) 112,525 kronen, 47 heller; expend-
itures 111,410 kronen, 45 heller.
In spite of many difficulties the work of
cataloging both old and new volumes is pro-
gressing satisfactorily. Many improvements
have been made in the matter of shelving, ar-
rangement of volumes, and interior decora-
tions.
NORWAY
Haakon Nyhuus, librarian of the Deich-
manske Bibliotek, Christiania, died on Christ-
inas Day, 1913. Mr. Nyhuus began his library
career in 1891 in the Newberry Library in
Chicago. In 1893 he was made chief cataloger
in the Chicago Public Library. In 1897 he re-
turned to Norway where the agitation for
public libraries was just beginning. He was
appointed librarian of the Deichmanske Bi-
bliotek, and was for years the leading spirit in
the development of the whole popular library
organization in Norway. He represented his
country at the International Congress of Li-
brarians in St. Louis in 1904, was an active
worker in the newly organized Library As-
sociation of Norway, and was deeply inter-
ested in the periodical called For Folke- og
Barneboksamlinger. He was forty-eight years
old when he died.
RUSSIA
Upon the solicitation of the Maria Alexan-
drowna Institute for the Blind, the Tariff
Commission of the Russian Government has
removed the import duty on all books in for-
eign languages that are intended for the use
of the blind.
St. Petersburg. On Sept. 8 (old style) took
place the laying of the corner stone of the
new library building of the Imperial Academy
of Sciences. The building is to consist of two
connected structures, each five stories high.
Every technical improvement found in the
most advanced libraries of the world is to
be installed. This library is devoted exclu-
sively to the sciences. Consequently there will
be only a moderate sized reading room seating
about 125 persons. There will be shelf room
for 1,200,000 volumes. It is expected that the
building will be ready for use in the summer
of 1915.
LIBRARY WORK
Notes of developments in all branches of library activity, particularly as shown in current
library literature.
General
Societies, Associations, Clubs, Conferences
AMERICAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
Destructive growth. Pub. Libs., F., 1914.
p. 50-51-
An adverse opinion on the expediency of
affiliation with the A. L. A., of smaller library
organizations that wish to be free from the
dues and regulations of the A. L. A. The
writer considers the Council too large and its
organization too loose to be effective, and in-
vites suggestions for a resolution on the re-
vision of that section of the constitution relat-
ing to the Council, the resolution for amend-
ment to be offered at the meeting in Wash-
ington.
Polygraphy
TERMS, DEFINITIONS
Why "Non-Fiction?'.' Pub. Libs., F., 1914.
'p. 45-
Communication objecting to the employment
of the word, on the ground that to the general
public there is "something aggressively 'libra-
rianly' and unspeakably dry and dreary" about
it, and asking suggestions for a single compre-
hensive, constructive term to cover this large
class of books.
History of Library Economy
LIBRARY BIOGRAPHY
Biographical sketches of librarians and bib-
liographers: I. Justin Winsor, 1831-1897.
William E. Foster. Bull. Bibl, Ja., 1914. p.
2-3-
Among the eminent men who laid the foun-
dations of the modern library movement in
this country, Justin Winsor holds an excep-
tionally distinguished place. He was the first
president of the American Library Association
and was in turn the chief executive of the
Boston Public Library and the Harvard Uni-
versity Library. He had a strong bent for
history, and published many volumes on vari-
ous branches of American history. Mr. Win-
sor became a member of the board of trustees
of the Boston Public Library in 1866, and
became superintendent in 1868. One of his
first acts was the publication of very useful
guides for readers, which made the work of
the library widely known. Mr. Winsor left
the Boston Library in 1877 to go to the li-
brary at Harvard, where he remained until his
death in 1897. Chosen president of the Amer-
ican Library Association in 1876, at its first
meeting, he served with distinguished ability
till 1885, leaving the impress of his strong per-
sonality and his organizing mind on all its pro-
ceedings.
Scope, Usefulness, Founding
Library in Relation to Schools
SCHOOLS, WORK WITH
How the library began to teach school in
East Canaan. Catherine Finnegan. Pub. Libs.,
Ja. 1914. p. ii-i2.
With most of the children from foreign
families who had no books, and the nearest
library three miles away, the problem was to
get the children to want to read. This was
done by bringing a box of books to the school
and insisting that each child should take a
book home. If he could tell something of the
story and didn't like it, he was allowed to ex-
change it for another — but he must tell some-
thing of the story first. Then came Library
Day, when those children who had read stories
related the gist of them, and considerable in-
terest was aroused. This year, each book
charged to a child is recorded, so that at the
end of the year the teacher will have some
record of his year's work outside of school.
In five-minute daily readings four books were
read last year : "Uncle Tom's cabin," Brooks'
"Boy emigrants," "Roy and Ray in Mexico,"
and "The prince and the pauper."
The Troy (N. Y.) Public Library has ar-
ranged with the educational department to
credit the pupils for English reading through
the summer vacation. Miss Mary L. Davis,
librarian, declares the system most successful,
and says, "The children pass the summer read-
ing the work required by the regents. They
find it a pleasure, reading leisurely and intelli-
gently. I believe they get more from the
books than if they perused them in the hurry
of class work during the school term."
A branch of the Princeton (N. J.) Public
Library has been opened in the high school,
the Board of Education paying $300 a year
248
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[March, 1914
toward the salary of an assistant, who is in
the school building each day to look after the
work of this branch.
The public library and the school depart-
ment of Somerville, Mass., have arrived at an
agreement whereby one of the library staff is
designated as high school librarian. The
school department pays one-half the salary
and will furnish money for the permanent
reference books bought for the library room
of the school; supplementary reference lists
will be furnished by the library for display
either in the high school or in the reference
alcoves of the library, as circumstances re-
quire ; and the high school librarian will spend
one-half her time in either building so that
she may be able to serve both teachers and
pupils to the best advantage. Miss Marion
Lovis, Simmons 1909, has qualified for and
been appointed to the position, her name ap-
pearing upon the rolls of both the public li-
brary and the school department.
Library Extension Work
LIBRARY EXTENSION WORK
Mechanical arts and the library. Pub. Libs.,
R, 1914. p. 48.
Editorial comment on the practice growing
among libraries of lending music rolls, stere-
opticon and reflectoscope views, phonographic
records, and to a very slight extent, motion
picture rolls.
Byways of library work. Sarah Comstock.
Outlook, Ja. 24, 1914. p. 201-205.
A pleasant account for the general reader
of some of the less known phases of library
work where the library goes in search of the
people, too ignorant or too indifferent to seek
it for themselves. The obstacles a library or-
ganizer may encounter are touched upon, and
many anecdotes are told of the work of Miss
Titcomb and her book wagon, of Miss True,
the "Horseback Lady" of Iowa, of the auto-
mobile library routes through the rural dis-
tricts of Connecticut, and of the use of city
libraries as social and educational centers to
interest the young and the foreign-born in the
library.
LANTERN SLIDES; FILMS
The general extension division of the Uni-
versity of Minnesota has organized a free
lantern-slide bureau. Collections of slides on
subjects of interest to high school students are
provided and sent out to schools without charge
except for transportation and the replacement
of broken slides. Slides are sent in collections
of fifty or sixty, accompanied by a typewritten
lecture in some cases, but always with from
one to three books of reference on the subject.
A few moving pictures, mostly of scenes about
the university, are available.
Library Development and Cooperation
DEPOSIT STATIONS
Besides its regular branches, the Cleveland
(O.) Public Library maintains 33 deposit sta-
tions, *. e., collections of books furnished to
business firms, factories, public institutions
and clubs for the benefit of their employes or
members. Of these 33 stations, 8 are in tele-
phone exchanges, 3 in department stores and
13 in factories. The library makes the follow-
ing agreement with business firms desiring a
collection of books for the use of their em-
ployes: The library guarantees to furnish a
deposit of books relative in size to the num-
ber of employes ; to rebind and keep the books
in order and to exchange them frequently
enough to keep the collection live and interest-
ing, in fact to eliminate the "dead wood" at
frequent intervals. The business firm, on the
other hand, agrees to furnish shelving and a
suitable place in which to keep the books; to
be responsible for loss or damage and to al-
low the time of an employe to keep a record
of circulation. The circulation of books at
these deposit stations for 1913 was 99,772, an
indication that these library agencies are sup-
plying an actual need.
Founding, Developing and Maintaining
Interest
LIBRARY ADVERTISING
The Republican-Herald of Binghamton, N.
Y., gives generously of its space to the public
library. In a recent issue "The Friday food
page" had a write-up, three-quarters of a col-
umn long, of the new book "Living on a little."
The Herald has recently begun the regular
publication of signed reviews of books of spe-
cialized interest to be found in the library, in
a department headed "Briefs on new books."
"The uses of advertisement" in library ad-
ministration. Walter A. Briscoe. Lib. Assn.
Record, D., 1913. p. 604-610.
It is the duty of those who have public li-
braries under their charge to see that the
greatest possible use is made of them. By
forethought, discretion, and originality it is
often possible to secure the insertion of con-
tributed articles in the public press, in which
the public library is named as the fountain of
March, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
249
knowledge on all points. Where it is not pos-
sible to secure space for long or medium-
length articles, "Letters to the editor" is a
useful medium. A weekly column under the
heading of "Library notes and literary gossip"
is serviceable if the feature can be arranged.
Neatly printed circulars calling attention to
the existence of a branch library near at hand
may be distributed occasionally from house to
house, using the new residents of the district
as an excuse. There has just been introduced
in Nottingham a "pseudo-newspaper" entitled
the Lenton News, illustrated, devised exclu-
sively to advertise the branch library in this
locality. It is left at every house, and the
cost of printing is borne by a local firm of
advertising contractors in return for the ad-
vertising space therein. Two sample pages
showing the material used are appended to the
article.
The Pittsburgh Sunday Post recently
gave a full page in its magazine sec-
tion to the information bureau of the Carnegie
Library. Several cuts added interest to the
article. The librarian says that 45,000 books,
new titles and replacements, ought to be pur-
chased this year to keep up the work in a
proper manner.
ADVERTISING BOOKMARKS
Two new bookmarks from the Osterhout
Free Library of Wilkes-Barre, Pa., have re-
cently been issued. On the top of each is an
interesting little view of the library. One has
a list of recent additions on electricity, engi-
neering, coal, automobiles, air-ships, industrial
chemistry and metallurgy, business, home
building and carpentry, farming, Panama
Canal, commission government, and house-
keeping, with the call number against each
title. The other is a simple list of "fifty
books every child should know."
COOPERATION FROM WOMEN'S CLUBS
The attendance at a recent art exhibit in
the library at San Antonio, Tex., was greatly
stimulated by several of the more prominent
women's clubs of the city. Members of the
Art Association, Monday Book Club, D. A. R.,
Wednesday Club, and the Shakespeare Club
were present every afternoon to pour lea.
The public library of Dover, N. J., has been
interesting itself not only in distribution of
books, but in the civic work of the town as
well. Early last year the Woman's Club of
Dover, whose main object is obtaining a li-
brary building for the town, distributed
through the library aster seeds to the school
children, promising the reward of a party in
the fall when the results were known. The
flowers when in bloom were placed on ex-
hibition in the public library for a week and
drew many people there. This not only in-
terested a greater number of people in the
library, but established a closer bond between
it and the children. The party, which was in
part a story hour, was a great success, as the
children not only took much pleasure in the
occasion but showed renewed interest in the
books from which the stories were taken.
Libraries and the State
LIBRARY LEGISLATION
The public library movement from the rate
payers' point of view. R. T. L. Parr. Lib.
Asst., Ja., 1914. p. 4-13.
Paper read before the Library Assistants'
Association at the Islington Central Library,
Holloway Road, Nov. 12, 1913. Basing his
argument on the statement that "the English
are not, and never have been, a bookish na-
tion," the writer maintains that in order to
secure the desired extension of library work
a new method of procedure must be adopted.
He suggests that public library authorities, as
such should disappear; that the attempt to
secure a new Library Act, with higher tax
rate, be abandoned ; and that the whole library
movement be made a branch of the general
work of the education committee. "A com-
plete and efficient system of public libraries is
a necessary corollary to and satisfactory solu-
tion of the problem of public education . . .
and I firmly believe that on the total abolition
of the separate Library Fund, the separate
Library accounts, and the Library Committee,
except as a sub-committee of the Education
Committee, you have the brightest prospect
of reconciling your ambitions with the good-
will of those who provide the money."
LIBRARY UNDER COMMISSION GOVERNMENT
The library in commission-governed cities.
Pub. Libs., F., 1914. p. 82.
Possible solution of the place of the public
library in commission-governed cities is sug-
gested in the section and accompanying note
quoted from "A model charter for Texas
cities" by Prof. Herman G. James of the Uni-
versity of Texas. Under this it would prob-
ably be grouped with schools in the depart-
ment of public education.
Library Support. Funds
RAISING FUNDS
Surrounding a placard reading, "What we
25C
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[March, 1914
need," the Hartfcrd Public Library has posted
the beautiful series of exterior and interior
views of the Denver branch libraries, recently
sent out by the librarian. Here is an idea
worth copying where branches are wanted.
— Bull. Bibl.
A silver tea was given in the library by the
Current Events Club of Northfield, Minn., to
raise money for new books. In Olivia, in the
same state, a similar idea has been successful,
the women of the library board having started
a chain of library teas. In St. Peter, also a
Minnesota town, the members of the Woman's
Literary Club and Sorosis plan to have each
member entertain ten friends at a book social,
the admission to be 25 cents, and the proceeds
to be given to the library for new books.
GIFTS
A tactful effort. Pub. Libs., Ja., 1914. p.
14-15-
Editorial. Realizing that it is not advisable
to spend library money for denominational lit-
erature, Miss Stevens, librarian of the Logans-
port, Ind., Public Library, has sent a letter to
all church societies in the city asking them
to subscribe in the name of the library for one
or more denominational periodicals, and to
give to the library any used textbooks, lives
of missionaries or similar books. A label in
the front of each book will state the name of
the donor.
BEQUESTS
The bequest of Miss Charlotte C. Cole to
the reading room of the public library, New-
buryport, Mass., of the sum of $2000, the
income to be added to the salary of the super-
intendent of the reading room, is puzzling the.
directors as there is no official of that name
now. The librarian has the general supervi-
sion of the rooms, with different attendants
there at different times during the day. For-
merly the place was filled by Miss Martha P.
Lunt, a friend of Miss Cole's, and it is prob-
able that she had this woman in mind when
the will was made. Whether the trustees can
accept the money under these conditions is a
question.
Library Buildings
Fixtures, Furniture, Fittings
BULLETIN BOARDS
A suggestion for a bulletin board for pe-
riodicals. Mary J. Booth. Pub. Libs., Ja.,
1914. p. ii.
As each of the fifteen or twenty most pop-
ular magazines are received, a printed sign for
it is posted on the bulletin board under the
heading "New magazines" and the name of
the month. The signs are posted in the order
of receipt. On a certain day each month, as
for instance the fifteenth, all signs for the
month are removed and a new list started.
Government and Service
Staff
STAFF
Past and present professional training: its
results and prospects. W. C Berwick Sayers.
Lib. Assn. Record, D., 1913. p. 585-596.
Paper read at the annual meeting of the
British Library Association at Bournemouth,
Sept. 4, 1913. A discussion of a few of the
problems confronting the librarian as an in-
dividual professional man.
For some twelve years the Library Associ-
ation has directed its efforts to the training
of librarians, and the general efficiency of the
scheme of instruction and methods of exami-
nation have increased each year. But of the
500 librarians in Great Britain less than 200
receive salaries of more than £200 a year.
This means that a large number of persons
are receiving a highly technical training of
doubtful value in any other walk in life, and
that there are incredibly few positions to
which they may aspire. In other words, while
a great deal of attention is being paid, and
wisely being paid, to increasing the intellectual
side of the profession, insufficient attention has
been paid to its economic side.
The first factor of the library is the book;
the second, the librarian ; the third, the build-
ing. Too many library authorities seem to
consider the third factor as the most impor-
tant and burden the library with heavy main-
tenance expenses where the money might be
better spent on salaries and books. Likewise
the extension of library activity by the open-
ing of more branches than can be adequately
served, is deplored. There are scores of as-
sistant librarians in English libraries without
any special qualifications for the work, who
have no opportunity for advancement and
hence no incentive to study, who are in the
work simply because they were not told in
time that they were not adapted to the profes-
sion. Their salaries are inadequate and they
have no social position. Many librarians suf-
fer from a similar narrowness of outlook and
a similar lack of financial and social standing.
The question is raised why the library does
not help its assistants with proper textbooks,
a^ it does apprentices in the trades. Also
March, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
251
why the library usually puts its least mature
workers into closest contact with the public.
Unfavorable criticism is sure to be aroused,
the position is brought into disrepute, and the
result is increasing difficulty in obtaining de-
sirable boys to train as junior assistants. In
consequence, many women are now being em-
ployed, a condition the writer considers not
an ideal solutfon of the difficulty. The real
questions to be faced are the relation of li-
brary education to the library future; a con-
sideration of the question whether the as-
sistant's prospects may not be materially
improved ; and whether the Library Associa-
tion is morally bound to have not only an ed-
ucational, but also a professional and social
standard for its members.
Remuneration, Salaries, Pensions
PENSIONS
To devote the fines collected on overdue
books to retiring on a pension employes worn
out in the service of the library is a proposi-
tion made by the Boston Public Library trus-
tees in their last annual report. The fines at
present amount to about $6000 a year, it is
said, and would answer the purpose proposed
very well. The report says : "It is manifestly
impossible for persons receiving such compen-
sation as they do — the average salary being
about $600 a year — to provide for old age."
Rules for Readers
Days of Opening
SUNDAY OPENING
The Woman's Club of Millbury, Mass., pays
all expenses for keeping the public library
open every Sunday afternoon during the
months from December through March.
Home Use. Loans
FINES
The Hartford (Ct.) Public Library no
longer charges fines for Sundays and the four
holidays when the circulating department is
not open, namely Good Friday, Fourth of
July, Thanksgiving and Christmas.
Administration
General. Executive
EXPENDITURES
An unusual item in the list of library ex-
penditures for 1913 in the public library at
Santa Monica, Cal., is one of $45 to rid the
institution of bats, which are said to be even
more destructive than mice.
REPORTS AND STATISTICS
The fetish of circulation. Pub. Libs., Ja.,
1914. p. 10.
The writer deplores the impression received
that a big circulation is getting to be the
chief end and aim of many librarians, or at
least a big record of circulation. "Juggling
with figures is juggling with figures, be the
figures of money or circulation. If appropri-
ations come as a reward of circulation and
circulations are padded, this is surely getting
money under false pretenses. . . .There are
many who never stoop to this dishonesty or
tolerate it in those whom they control, but the
thing is done too often to be winked at. ...
One of the duties, and not an easy one, of a
librarian is to make a board understand the
aim of libraries is to educate and uplift a peo-
ple, not to compile circulation statistics."
Treatment of Special Material
PICTURE EXHIBITS
Picture exhibits have been held in several
Minnesota libraries. In Coleraine the pictures
were for sale, making it possible for
the library to secure some pictures for its own
walls. In Litchfield the exhibit was arranged
by the public school and a small admission
charged. Nearly $100 was received, which will
be used to buy pictures for the school. In
Mankato a loan exhibition of Japanese prints
was shown.
EXHIBITS OF PHOTOGRAPHS.
In the Hartford Public Library, strips of
picture moulding placed horizontally from one
to two feet apart, at convenient height, are
used for supporting exhibits of mounted pic-
tures and photographs. The mounts are held
in place by the little tin clips, which hang onto
the moulding, and are thus given a rigid sup-
port, much better than cords give, no matter
how tightly stretched. — Bull. Bibl.
PRESERVATION OF HISTORICAL MATERIAL
The preservation of historical records in
Holland. Henry A. Sharp. Lib. World, Ja.
1914. p. 195-196.
Each of the eleven states of Holland has a
provincial depot for the preservation and doc-
umentation of local records, that at The
Hague being at once the central repository for
the whole country, as well as the depot for a
specific province. Each depot is in charge of
an archivist whose duty it is to collect and
index all records in his district, and to make
an annual report to the chief archivist. Reg-
isters of births, baptisms, betrothals, mar-
riages, deaths, removals, and property are kept.
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[March, 1914
The Amsterdam repository is also collecting
material of all kinds relating to the city and
the citizens — magazine articles, photographs
of buildings, playbills, and portraits.
Accession
BOOK SELECTION
Generally speaking, all fiction is ordered by
Pratt Institute Free Library on approval, the
method followed being described in "Helpful
hints" in the Bulletin of Bibliography for Jan-
uary. Each book upon receipt is assigned to a
member of the Library staff for review. This
novel reading is wholly voluntary, and is done
outside of library time. When a book is ap-
proved for acceptance, a note is made by the
reviewer according to the following plan :
Scene and time; subject; treatment; recom-
mend to? These notes are typewritten, in-
serted in a loose-leaf note-book and kept in
the circulating department for ready reference
on the part of the staff. Borrowers may not
have direct access to the "Novel notes," but
the members of the circulating department
employ them constantly to assist borrowers in
their choice of reading.
" PROCESSION s" OF NEW BOOKS
In the Yale University Library, new books
received are dated and shelved by themselves,
arranged under some 26 separate subjects —
a shelf being allowed for each. After one
month's exhibition, during which the profes-
sors and others interested have examined and
gotten acquainted with them, the books take
their regular places in the stack. In each divi-
sion these books, while on view, are shelved
in order of receipt, so that the right end vol-
umes are the newest, and the left end vol-
umes are constantly being removed to stack
as the thirty-day period expires. — Bull. Bibl.
Reference
REFERENCE WORK
Reference work in the Somerville Public
Library. M. W. Bull Bibl., Ja., 1914. p.
3-4-
When the Somerville Public Library moved
into its new building the reference work was
reorganized. At least half of the old refer-
ence collection was made circulating, and the
remaining books reserved for reference were
divided into two classes. One collection,
called "Reference," is shelved in one alcove
near the information desk ; the books in the
other group, called "Alcove reference," are
shelved with the books for circulation in the
alcoves at the beginning of their various sub-
jects, and at the discretion of the librarian in
charge may be circulated, a special form being
used.
Loan Department
RESERVE FICTION
In order that a borrower may not be obliged
to leave a post card to secure a work of recent
fiction, half of the number of copies of such
a work in the Cambridge Public Library are
placed on the open shelves for general circu-
lation. The other half, which may be re-
served, bear the letter R in red ink on the
seven-day label and book pocket. — Bull. Bibl.
Binding
BINDING PERIODICALS
The Wilmington Institute Free Library
says : In binding periodicals never use leather
unless the volumes are to be constantly used ;
all books should have French joints; it is
never wise to stitch sections lengthwise by
machine and then sew by hand. Modern
methods of overcasting are much preferable.
— Bull. Bibl.
The Free Public Library of Newark, N. J.,
describes briefly in the Bulletin of Bibliography
an inexpensive method of keeping large
weeklies. All back numbers of technical pe-
riodicals indexed in the Engineering Index are
kept. Some are bound, others, principally the
large weeklies, are cared for as follows : Ad-
vertising pages are removed, and the numbers
for one month are sewed through three holes
stabbed along the back. A piece of bond
paper two inches wide is folded to make a
hinge and pasted on edge of front and back
page over sewing. To these hinges are pasted
covers from one of the numbers. A strip of
book cloth is then pasted on the back, extend-
ing about half an inch over the sides and on
this is printed title and date. The same method
is used for monthly periodicals, three months
making a volume.
Shelf Department
BOOK SUPPORTS
The New Bedford Public Library uses
bricks for book supports, but instead of cover-
ing them as so many have done in the past,
paste-board boxes of grey color are used.
These little boxes, the covers of which are
just as deep as the boxes themselves, are just
the size of a brick. They cost $8.75 for 500,
and the cheapest sort of bricks costing $11.50
a thousand are used.— Bull. Bibl.
"BANNERS" INSTEAD OF "DUMMIES"
In Pratt Institute Free Library, Brooklyn,
through the first floor of the circulating de-
March, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
253
partment (the open shelves), banners are used
instead of dummies for representing all cir-
culating class books shelved elsewhere. Dup-
licates of circulating books which may be
found in the reference departments are also
noted in this way. The "banners" are hung
at the end of the stacks containing books with
the corresponding class numbers. These ban-
ners are 27 inches long by 7 inches wide.
They are made of binder's board covered with
binder's cloth, and, on the principle of the
postal card album, each banner allows for the
insertion of seven cards. The cards used are
L. B. 33 size cards ; light weight ; commercial
ruling; buff; without punch. The class num-
bers, each noted but once, are entered in large
figures to the left of the cards. The book num-
bers, with location letter written above, are
placed well apart to allow room for inserting
new numbers when necessary. — Bull. Bibl
FILING CURRENT PERIODICALS
The New Haven Public Library keeps cur-
rent numbers of periodicals in the reading
room by treating them like books on shelves
with the backs only showing. This involves
placing the periodicals in temporary binders
of some kind, with name on the back. It has
also been found advisable to divide the shelves
into sections perhaps a foot wide by partitions.
The saving in space over the common method
of displaying periodicals broadside is very
great, as well as saving of expense of a pe-
riodical case oftentimes. The periodicals may
be arranged in three series according to height,
with distances between shelves of about 12,
15 and 20 or more inches for the three heights.
— Bull Bibl
General Libraries
State and Government
STATE LIBRARIES
State-wide influence of the state library.
Demarchus C. Brown. Bull of New Hamp-
shire Pub. Libs., D., 1913. p. 215-218.
The influences that will make the state li-
brary useful to every part of the state may
be grouped in the following summary:
The personality, fitness and scholarship of
the state librarian; the bibliographical center
may well be the state library; the legislative
reference for the Assembly and officials ; the
gathering and preserving of the history and
archives of the state along with the encour-
agement among the people to preserve local
historical material; the collecting of news-
papers representing the entire commonwealth ;
the creation of a periodical center in the state
library; close connection with schools, col-
leges and all kinds of organizations, social,
literary, commercial, etc. ; assistance for all
the state institutions, educational, charitable
and correctional; close relation with the
woman's clubs; assistance to the farmer and
the foreigner in isolated localities ; the center
for general culture and love of knowledge
where every citizen may continue to go to
school.
For Special Classes
REFORMATORIES, LIBRARY WORK IN
Reading to get results at the State Training
School. Gertrude E. Loehl. Minn. Pub. Lib.
Comm. Lib. Notes and News, D., 1913. p.
68-70.
To the State Training School at Red Wing,
Minn., are sent boys ranging in age from
eight to twenty-one years, none of them first
offenders, with the instructions to those in
charge to better their morals, correct unde-
sirable tendencies, and to create a healthier
environment for body and mind. One of the
first things for a new boy to do is to order
a book, which, owing to the situation of the
library, has to be done from a printed slip.
The librarian tries to get personally acquainted
with every boy, and after winning their con-
fidence, to lead them gradually to better and
better books. A system of certificate-giving
for the reading of non-fiction books has been
inaugurated. A small certificate bearing the
name of the reader and the title of the book
is given for each non-fiction book read, and
when out of fifteen books seven non-fiction
ones have been duly noted, a larger certificate,
signed by the librarian and assistant superin-
tendent, is presented with a little ceremony
that enhances its value in the eyes of the boys.
The boys at the printing office make the certi-
ficates and also make sets of bookmarks, each
bookmark having a list of fifteen titles, seven
of which are non-fiction sure to interest any
boy.
Reading and Aids
Work with Children
CHILDREN, WORK WITH
The city of Griffin, Ga., should be heartily
congratulated over the fact that it is one of
the first cities in the United States to have a
public library for children only, as a result of
the donation of $7000 made by A. K. Hawkes,
of Atlanta, for that purpose. The only obli-
gation fixed upon the city is that a suitable
building shall be provided and maintained on
a centrally located lot. The building is to
254
contain, in addition to library facilities, a
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL [March, 1914
often necessary in the selection of plays for
lUlliaill, I" OUVllV.V^.. '*-~J ,, J U^/-,1o
hall for lyceum courses and suitable motion the use of colleges and scnc
picture exhibitions for children. The plan is
that the motion pictures, library and lyceum
shall all be free forever to the children of
Griffin. Only such motion pictures shall be
shown as are historical, educational and moral
in their character.
A library party in Hartford, Conn. Pub.
Libs., F.. 1914- P- 45-
Description of the annual "doll party" held
New Year's afternoon in the children's room
of the Hartford Public Library.
A plan for establishing character-building
libraries in a number of the public schools of
Philadelphia is being worked out. The matter
is in charge of the Committee on Elementary
Schools of the Board of Public Education,
and they propose to begin operations by in-
stalling such libraries in three of the down-
town schools. If these prove successful they
will be gradually extended until all of the
schools are supplied. These miniature libraries
will contain only books that will aid in develop-
ing manly and womanly traits in the boys and
girls and that will have a tendency to elevate
their moral natures. The books will be ap-
proved by a committee of the Board of Edu-
cation and of prominent citizens interested in
education. It is the belief of those who are
urging the innovation that once the libraries
are started there will be many donations of
suitable books from friends of the children.
Btblfoarapbical flotea
"Law, legislative and municipal reference
libraries" is the title of an exhaustive manual
by J. B. Kaiser, which the Boston Book Co.
now has in press. It will make a work of
over 400 pages, and is the first book to cover
this field.
The attention of librarians is called to two
useful lists. The first is a systematic list of
German novels and stories arranged according
to their main subjects, very closely cataloged
under the headings of occupations, of geog-
raphy, and of history by period, which fills
pages 1207-1246 of Hand-Katalog dcr ncueren
deutschcn Litcratur, 1911-12. The second is a
list of German dramatic literature in Theater-
Katalog von Reclams Univcrsal-Bibliothck,
which gives the plays in alphabetical order of
titles with number of characters. This is
MR. JAMES WARRINGTON, of Philadelphia,
owns what is perhaps the most valuable li-
brary of early American and English music,
in private hands. He has spent fifty years in
collecting material for a "History of the
music of the common people of Great Britain
and America." This subject has been over-
looked or treated in a very inadequate manner
by historians. Mr. Warrington has collected
books and material for this purpose; books
have been indexed, manuscript copies made of
such as could not be bought, bibliographies
compiled, and as a result the library with its
apparatus now contains the most complete
account of early American music and is fuller
than any other collection with regard to Great
Britain. As Mr. Warrington is advancing in
years he would like to see the collection in
some safe repository, where he could continue
and complete his investigations (already far
advanced). The collection has been pro-
nounced by competent persons of inestimable
value ; for there is no doubt, that if dispersed,
no such collection can again be formed. It
has been formed with the definite intention of
having in one place in the United States all
the material necessary to the student, and will
give to the library securing it precedence in
that particular field.
AN index to reference lists published in
library bulletins during 1913, compiled by
Marion F. Bonner, of the Providence Public
Library, is published in the Bulletin of Biblio-
graphy for January.
RECENT BIBLIOGRAPHIES
GENERAL
CATALOGUE of the General Theological Library, Bos-
ton, Massachusetts; a dictionary catalogue of re-
ligion, theology, sociology and allied literature.
3U P-
CLASSIFIED catalogue of the Carnegie Library of
Pittsburgh, 1907-1911. Part vi, English fiction;
Fiction in foreign languages. 1913- P- i733-2oao.
FOR SPECIAL CLASSES
WOMEN
A list of books for women in the home and in
business. Seattle Public Library. 45 p.
SUBJECT BIBLIOGRAPHIES
AGRICULTURE
Doane, Duane Howard. Sheep feeding and farm
management. Ginn, 1912. 3 p. bibl. $i.
ARGUMENTATION
Gardiner, John Hays. The making of arguments.
Ginn, 1912. bibls. $i.
BACTBUOLOOT
Moore, Veranus Alva. M.D.. and Fitch, Clifford
I*. Exercises in bacteriology and diagnosis for vet-
erinary students and practitioners. Ginn. 3 p. bibl.
$i n.
March, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
255
BEOWULB
Beowulf; edited with introduction, bibliography,
notes, glossary, and appendices, by \V. J. Sedge-
field. 2. ed. Longmans. 9 p. bibl. $3 n. (.Univ.
of Manchester pubs.)
BRAZIL
Castro e Almeida, Eduardo de. Inventario dos
documentos relatives ao Brasil existentes no archive
de marinha e ultramar. Rio de Janeiro, Biblio-
theca Nacional, 1909. (In Annaes da Bibliotheca
Nacional. p. 1-653.)
BRIDGES
Stcinman, David Bernard. Suspension bridges
and cantilevers, their economic proportions and lim-
iting spans. 2. ed., rev. Van Nostrand, 1913.
10 p. bibl. 50 c. (Van Nostrand's science ser.)
BRIEUX, EUGENE
Woodruff, Eleanor B., comp. Reading list on
Eugene Brieux. (In Bull. Bibl., Ja., 1914. p.
5-6.)
CHURCH WORK
Elliott, Ernest Eugene. Making good in the
local church. Revell. 5 p. bibl. 35 c. n.
COKE
Belden, A. W. Metallurgical coke. Gov. Pr.
Off., 1913. 3 p. bibl. (U. S., Dept. of Interior,
Bu. of Mines, technical paper 50.)
COMMERCE
Usher, Abbott Payson. The history of the grain
trade in France, 1400-1710. Harvard Univ., 1913.
ioJ4 p. bibl. $2 n.
CRIMINAL LAW
Esmein Adhemar, i.e., Jean Paul Hippolyte Em-
manuel Adhemar. A history of continental crim-
inal procedure, with special reference to France;
translated by John Simpson. . . . Little, Brown,
1913. 8 p. bibl. $4.50 n. (Continental legal his-
tory ser.)
DlSSERl'ATIONS, DOCTORAL
Flagg, Charles A., comp. A list of American
doctoral dissertations printed in 1912. [Issued by
the Library of Congress, 1913.] 106 p.
EGYPT
Catalogue of books relating to Egypt and West-
ern Asia, including items on Barbary States, the
Balkans and Caucasus. London, George Salby,
1913- 24 p.
Special list on Egypt. (In Bull, of Nottingham
.l Library, Mr., 1914. p. 22-24.)
FRENCH LITERATURE
Henning, George Neely, ed. Representative
French lyrics of the nineteenth century. Ginn.
4 p. bibl. $i. (International modern language ser.)
GENEALOGY
Genealogies in Maine State Library (continued).
(In Bull, of the Maine State L., Ja., 1914. p.
6-16.)
GEOLOGY
Holmes, Arthur. The age of the earth. Harper,
1913. 6 p. bibl. 75 c. n. (Harper's library of
living thought.)
GRAMMAR
Green, Alex. The dative of agency; a chapter
of Indo-European case-syntax. Lemcke & Buech-
ner, 1913. 4 p. bibl. $i n. (Columbia Univ.
Germanic studies.)
HEREDITY
Morgan, Thomas Hunt. Heredity and sex.
Lemcke & Buechner, 1913. 271/2 p. bibl. $1.75 n.
(Columbia Univ. lectures.)
HOUSEHOLD SCIENCE
List of popular books on household science. Uni-
versity of Illinois Library. 4 p.
Special list of recent books on housekeeping (In
Bull, of the Osterhout F. L., Wilkes-Barre, F.,
1914- P. 70-72.)
HOUSING
Detroit Public Library. Housing and home build-
ing. Ja., 1914. folder.
INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION
Leake, Albert H. Industrial education, its prob-
lems, methods and dangers. Houghton Mifflin, 1913.
3 p. bibl. $1.25 n.
KlTTREDGE, GEORGE LYMAN
Anniversary papers by colleagues and pupils of
George Lyman Kittredge; presented on the com-
pletion of his twenty-fifth year of teaching in Har-
vard University, June, 1913. Ginn, 1913. 6 p.
bibl. $5.
MUNGER, THEODORE THORNTON
Bacon, Benjamin Wisner. Theodore Thornton
Munger, New England minister. Yale University,
1913. 6 p. bibl. $3 n.
MUNICIPAL AFFAIRS
A special list on municipal affairs and allied sub-
jects. (In Bull, of P. L., Lynn, Mass., N.-D.,
1913- P. 8-12.)
MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP
Detroit Public Library. Preferential voting.
Municipal ownership. Selected bibliographies, 1914.
14 p.
NUMISMATICS
List of works in the New York Public Library
relating to numismatics. Part n. (In Bull, of the
N. Y. P. L., Ja., p. 59-86.)
PAINTING
Crowe, Sir Joseph Archer, and Cavalcaselle, Gio-
vanni Battista. A history of painting in north
Italy, Venice, Padua, Vicenza, Verona, Ferrara,
Milan, Friuli, Brescia, from the fourteenth to the
sixteenth century. Edited by Tancred Borenius.
3 v. 2. ed. Scribner, 1912. 29 p. bibl. $18 n.
PENSIONS
Elmer, Mrs. E. O., comp. Reading list on pen-
sions. (In Bull, of the Philippine L., D., 1913.
p. 60-63.)
PHYSIOLOGY AND HYGIENE
Ackley, Clarence E. An analytical outline of
physiology and hygiene; designed to simplify the
study of these important sciences. Flanagan. 3 p.
bibl. 50 c.
POLITICAL SCIENCE
Leacock, Stephen Butler. Elements of political
science. Rev. ed. Houghton MifHin, 1913. bibls.
$1.75 n.
POULTRY HOUSES
A selected list of books on poultry houses. (In
Bull, of St. Louis P. L., F., 1914. p. 44.)
PSYCHIATRY
A bibliography of psychiatry. (In Cong. Record.
Jan. 30, 1914. p. 2733-2735.)
RAABE, WILHELM KARL
Raabe, Wilhelm Karl. Die schwarze Galeere;
geschichtliche Erzahlung. Edited ... . by Charles
Allyn Williams. Oxford Univ., 1913. 3 p. bibl.
60 c. (Oxford German ser.)
RILEY, JAMES WHITCOMB
The complete works of James Whitcomb Riley.
... 6 v. Biog. ed. Bobbs-Merrill, 1913. 58 p.
bibl. $12.
SCOTLAND
Black, George F., comp. List of works in the
New York Public Library relating to Scotland.
Part i. (In Bull, of the N. Y. P. L., Jan., 1914-
p. 11-58.)
SOCIAL SERVTCE
Raffety, W. Edward. Brothering the boy; an ap-
peal for person, not proxy, in social service. Grif-
fith & Rowland, 1913. 5J^ p. bibl. 75 c. n.
Wisconsin. — Committee of Fifteen. Social and
civic work in country communities; report of a sub-
committee of the Committee of Fifteen appointed
by the state superintendent of schools to investigate
conditions in the rural schools of Wisconsin; pre-
pared by County Supt. Ellen B. MacDonald and
others. Madison, Wis., Democrat Pr., 1913. 3 P-
bibl. (Wis. Dept. of Educ. bull.)
SOCIALISM
Greenberg, David S. Socialist Sunday school cur-
riculum approved by the committee on education and
adopted by the membership of the Socialist School
Union of "Greater New York. Socialist Sch. Pub.
Assn., 1913. 5 p. bibl. 35 c.
256
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[March, 1914
Barclay, Alfred E., M.D. The stomach and
oesophagus; a radiographic study. Macmillan, 1913-
21 56 p. bibl. $3 n.
Bolton, Charles. M.D. Ulcer of the stomach.
Longmans, bibls. $4-20 n.
TAXATION
Material on taxation and assessment in the Mu-
nicipal Reference Library of New York City. Part
it. Ja., 1914. broadside.
Binghamton Public Library. Books in the library
on building, foundry practice, machine shop prac-
tice, plumbing, roads and pavements, steel, civil en-
gineering. 3. ed. Binghamton, 1913. 25 P- Tt.
TUBERCULOSIS
Kelynack, Theophilus N., M.D., ed. The tuber-
cnlosis year book and sanatoria annual. v. i,
1913-1914. G. E. Stecbert. 6J4 P. bibl. $2.50 n.
Brunton, David William, and Davis, John Allen.
Safety in tunneling. Gov. Pr. Off., 1913. 3 P-
hJbl. (U. S., Dept. of Interior, Bu. of Mines,
miners' cir. 13.)
VILLAGE IMPROVEMENT
Farwell, Parris Thaxter. Village improvement.
Sturgis & Walton. 1913. 6*6 p. bibl. $i n. (Farm-
ers' practical library.)
VOTING, PREFERENTIAL
Detroit Public Library. Preferential voting. Mu-
nicipal ownership. Selected bibliographies, 1914-
14 p.
Communications
ON PRICES OF BOUND VOLUMES
Editor Library Journal:
It seems to me that libraries should be
warned against the exorbitant prices charged
by certain brokers of books for books and
periodicals for which they believe there is a
strong demand. This library has recently
had experiences confirming this opinion.
The late Dr. Thwaites once said that news-
papers were worth no more than a maximum
of $10.00 per year, yet this library was quoted
a set of the National Intelligencer of Wash-
ington, 1845-55, 10 years, uncollated, at $225.00
or $22.50 a volume.
This price is the more absurd when we take
into consideration that a set of the same jour-
nal for the years 1826-45 was being offered at
the very same time for $38.00 or less than
$2.00 a volume, and more than this, when it
was found that the volumes as offered were
incomplete and lacking certain numbers, the
price was reduced.
A similar instance occurred this year in re-
gard to the Real Estate Record, the back
volumes of which were offered by the pub-
lishers at $8.00 a year, some volumes bound
and some unbound, when at the same time we
were able to secure a run of 24 years, 1880-
1903, in a first-class bound condition at $1.50
a year, and these being bound 2 volumes to the
year made a cost of 75 cents per volume bound
instead of $4.00.
It seems to me that libraries ought to make
a stand against being held up by book dealers
who are nothing but book brokers carrying no
stock of books, and who think only that libra-
ries want these things, and, therefore, ought
to pay well for them.
Yours very truly,
F. K. W. DRURY, Assistant Librarian,
University of Illinois Library, Urbana, III.
ON BOOK PRICES
Editor Library Journal:
Messrs. Macmillan & Co. have placed the
"Golden treasury series" on the net list. This
"series" is possibly the most attractive library
edition for Palgrave's "Golden treasury" ; for
some anthologies of French and German
poems; for the "Death of Socrates," "Apol-
ogy," and "Phaedo," etc., etc.
As Messrs. Macmillan now charge $1.00
less 10 per cent. — 90 cents ; and as the English
price is but 2/6 the saving to libraries when
importing is from 25 to 33^ per cent., vary-
ing with the commission paid their importing
agents. Very truly yours,
O. R. HOWARD THOMSON,
The James V. Brown Library, JVilliamsport,
Pa.
A QUERY
The Library Journal:
I have searched many times for an article
which ought to be in the first volume of
"Poole" on the Japanese art of arranging
flowers. Harper's Magazine or Century (or
Scribner's Monthly) should contain it, accord-
ing to my memory. I can remember the illus-
trations perfectly — the various flowers sketched
in outline and numbered to show the scheme.
Can anyone tell where this article is to be
found ?
L. F. PHILBROOK, Librarian.
Russell Library, Middletown, Conn.
Xtbrarp Calendar
Mar. 12. Chicago Library Club, Chicago Pub-
lic Library.
April 9. Chicago Library Club, Chicago Pub-
lic Library.
April 21. Milwaukee Library Club.
May 25-30. American Library Association,
annual meeting, Washington.
Aug. 3 1 -Sept. 4. Library Association (Eng-
lish), annual meeting, Oxford.
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
2, i
VOL. 39
APRIL, 1914
No. 4
THE April number of the LIBRARY JOUR-
NAL has hitherto been the annual School
number, dealing with the relations of libra-
ries and schools and with the development
of libraries within the educational system.
It has seemed preferable to publish this
number in the early fall, at the beginning
of the school work, rather than near the
end of the school year, that the word from
the library profession to the education pro-
fession may come more effectively. Now
that the public library field has reached
such large development, it is within the
educational field that library work should
have its next large development, and in this
progress the LIBRARY JOURNAL hopes to
do its part as a journalistic nexus between
two kindred professions of the librarian
and the teacher. It is the library profes-
sion which must do the pioneer work in
this field, but the teaching profession has
been and will be ready to respond. Teach-
ers are so busy with their general work
that they are less likely to give attention
to special appeals until these are pressed
upon them from outside. The librarian of
the public library should therefore feel it
his special duty to invite teachers into rela-
tion with the public library, and thus, by
imbuing teachers with the library spirit,
make more possible the development of
the library within the schools. Mr. Dana
is giving special attention in Newark to re-
lations with the high schools, and other
librarians have made their mark and done
good service in this field. Librarians
should emphasize the need and value of
special library training for those who are
to have charge of libraries within schools,
and to occupy a middle position between
the public librarian and the school teacher.
The final outcome should be such joint or-
ganization, at least within large municipal-
ities, as will carry the spirit and perhaps
the administration of the public library
system into practical relation with the edu-
cational system throughout normal, high
and grammar schools.
ANOTHER field in which library develop-
ment must increase is that of the special
library, as it has come to be called,
largely a form of library developed by
those connected with business organiza-
tions, for whom a special library is the best
of working tools. The Special Libraries
Association has already done great work
in developing this field, and the LIBRARY
JOURNAL is endeavoring to cooperate with
it in recording present results and showing
the way to future achievement. We print
in this number a tabulated report of fifty
special libraries, from data gathered in
cooperation with the Special Libraries As-
sociation and tabulated by Mr. Richard H.
Johnson, of the Library of the Bureau of
Railway Economics at Washington. This
table indicates the scope and variety of the
special library, but it is only the beginning
of proper records. We ask that other spe-
cial libraries should report their data to us
on the same lines, and that the librarians
of public libraries should take especial pains
to acquaint themselves with the special li-
braries within their respective bailiwicks,
and send at least their names and addresses
to the LIBRARY JOURNAL or to the Special
Libraries Association. This list as ex-
tended will be made a feature of the Amer-
ican Library Annual, and should grow in
importance as special libraries extend.
ONE of the oldest and best of the library
schools will be given up if the Drexel In-
stitute trustees carry through their plan of
dropping the Drexel Library School from
their activities. The reasons given are not
without force, for the Drexel Library
258
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[April, 1914
School has always drawn from a field much
wider than the local field, and if the Drexel
Institute is to confine itself chiefly to the
local service of Philadelphia, it is evident
that the other departments more specifically
answer this test. On the other hand, with
the development of its own library system,
Philadelphia will have more and more need
of trained library assistants which the
Drexel school is well qualified to supply.
It seems not unlikely that if this school is
given up the Philadelphia Free Library
system will develop a school of its own, as
the New York Public Library system has
found reason to do. It is not lack of de-
mand for library training in Philadelphia
that will cause the closure of the Urexel
school, but the fact that its other and
larger activities absorb its funds. The li-
brary graduates of Drexel will be sorry in-
deed that their race is not to be continued,
and the library profession will sympathize
with them.
AND now it is the State Library of Illi-
nois which is the storm center. There ex-
ists in Illinois, as in New Jersey, a state
civil service board so over-zealous of its
prerogatives that it is doing harm to the
very cause which it represents. Illinois is
behind the times in having no state libra-
rian except the Secretary of State ex-
fffficio; but the present incumbent of that
office is a wide-awake and public-spirited
official who has seen the need of reclassify-
ing and recataloging the State Library, and
he committed that task to the assistant
state librarian, Mrs. Fowler. She reported
that this could not be done without obtain-
ing better trained assistants for the staff.
Secretary Woods supported her in drop-
ping from the staff a Mrs. Baird and re-
placing her with an assistant of more com-
petence and training. Whereupon Mrs.
Baird appealed to the state civil service
board, which reported that she was no
more incompetent than she had always
been, and on this strange reasoning re-
quired her reinstatement with back pay.
This, of course, ties the hands of the Sec-
retary of State and the actual state libra-
rian from doing anything effective in the
way of reorganization. The state board
has also decided that it will hold an exam-
ination for all present employes of the
state library and decide upon their fitness
through a formal questionnaire. We have
often emphasized the fact that librarians
are especially upholders of the merit sys-
tem of appointment, but they are equally
the opponents of red-tape in the civil ser-
vice which destroys, instead of promotes,
a real merit system. The civil service re-
form was not intended to protect unsatis-
factory employes from dismissal, but to
protect satisfactory employes by taking
away the political motive for dismissing
them and foisting political appointees in
their places. The library system should
have its own civil service test, depending
upon personality as well as scholastic train-
ing, and no formal questionnaire, without
this practical testing, is adequate. It is to
be hoped that the result of the present agi-
tation in Illinois may be to give the State
Library a professional state librarian in
full authority supported by a sensible civil
service method.
THE travel plans for Leipzig and Oxford
now present so attractive an alternative
that a goodly number of American libra-
rians and their friends should be secured
for the double goal. In addition to the
regular A. L. A. party via the Mediterra-
nean cities, Mr. Hanson, himself a Scan-
dinavian, has planned a trip via the Baltic,
making the wonderful tour through the
fjords of Norway and bringing the north-
ern party to Leipzig at the same time and
with similar circumstances as the southern
party, with <;go as you please" arrange-
ments between Leipzig and Oxford and
across the Atlantic on the return voyage.
There ought to be a round hundred on the
two expeditions.
AIMS AND METHODS OF LIBRARY PUBLICITY
BY EVERETT R. PERRY, Librarian of the Los Angeles Public Library
THE motto of the American Library As-
sociation is one whose wisdom and inspira-
tion will ever point the way to new fields
and methods of activity. "The best books,
for the most people, at the least cost," are
the three ideals which have been set before
us, and it is the second of them which at
the present time is foremost in the efforts
of practically every public library in the
country. In the selection of books, libra-
ries have attained such standards that in
general the careful mother may send her
children to the library knowing that their
reading will be safe. The approval of the
A. L. A. Booklist is eagerly sought by
every publisher in the country.
The third and last clause of the motto
has not yet come in for its share of atten-
tion. All that we have for standards of
comparison of economy in library adminis-
tration are a few statistics as to the budg-
ets and cost of circulation in a score of li-
braries. While the business people have
been studying costs and units of perform-
ance in stores and factories, it is only with-
in a year or two that library workers have
begun to consider this phase of their work
with the seriousness which it deserves.
On the other hand, figures of circulation
are what count just now. To determine the
rank of a library it is now the style to ask,
"What is its circulation?" If we read an
article on the' American public library, in a
popular magazine, scarcely anything re-
ceives attention but the extent to which the
library is reaching the people, the number
of books it is placing in homes, shops,
schools, and the methods it uses to accom-
plish these ends. Everywhere the emphasis
is on the wider reach of the library and the
books.
When the enormous possibilities of a
public library and its books in any typical
town or city are compared with what has
actually been accomplished in that town in
the way of making the library a vital part
in the life of every inhabitant, it is plain
that the necessity for library publicity is an
overwhelming one. If we believe, and we
all do believe, that the library should play
this vital part in the life of everyone, then
we are committed to a never-ending cam-
paign of publicity. In other words, publi-
city is a necessary and legitimate part of
the work of every public library.
If we make a rough analysis of the pop-
ulation in any typical city, we will be im-
pressed by three things especially. First,
that less than a fifth of the people have li-
brary cards; second, that there is a large
percentage of people whom the library can
never hope to reach directly in the way of
permanent service; third, that the percent-
age of people whom the library can and
ought to serve is much larger than the
percentage of people who already use it.
Basing the estimates on rather meager
statistics published by various libraries and
by the American Library Association, and
also on certain census figures, the diagram
which is shown on the following page
has been prepared. It is only a rough at-
tempt, and is open to criticism. However,
it represents the conditions in any typical
city with sufficient accuracy to show what
we wish to know, namely, the relation be-
tween the library and one hundred per cent,
of the community. We are accustomed to
read, from month to month, articles de-
scribing the relations between the library
and the people who use it. May we not
with equal pleasure and profit find out about
the other eighty per cent, whom we do not
reach, who they are, where they are, and
why they are?
From the total population we must sub-
tract five per cent, to represent those too
young to read, and another five per cent.
for the class of people who are either illit-
erate or do not read the languages repre-
sented in the library. Then we come to
larger classes of people. The first com-
prises those who are seldom able to leave
their homes for various reasons, such as
sickness, children, poverty, and the like.
Another large class is that of the people
260
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[April, 1914
who do little reading of any sort and who
care nothing for good books or magazines.
Their reading is confined to the daily pa-
pers and to cheap story and sporting mag-
azines.
The third large class whom the library
can scarcely reach is the people who are too
busy. If we should count all the people
who say in an apologetic tone, ''Well, I
like to read, but I can't get time for it,"
when asked if they use the library, the
number would be surprisingly large. In
the ten per cent, estimated in this diagram
we do not take the word of all those peo-
ple. There are many of them who really
have the time if they only think so. Some-
thing else appears more necessary or at-
tractive to them.
On the contrary, we must consider the
man of big business, who snatches a half
hour once in a while to do some reading.
He is very likely to have his own books.
He may know that the library has beautiful
editions of the world's great books or the
latest book on financing a corporation, but
he has not the time to go to the library. If
he sends to the library once or twice a year
for a particular book, we still do not count
him one of the library patrons. We must
also think of the many persons who work
long hours, a regular day's work besides
several hours of schooling, for instance.
Night school students are an illustration of
this. Other persons have several interests
which occupy every moment of their time
when they are not sleeping and eating. It
is a safe statement that one person out of
ten throughout the various ranks of society
is actually deprived of the time to make
proper and convenient use of the public
library.
But when we have subtracted these
classes of people whom the library cannot
reach and the people who are already reg-
istered borrowers, we will find that there
are still forty per cent, of the population of
such a character that the library can under
certain circumstances reach them. They
are people who read to some extent, and
they can find an opportunity to read. The
problem is either to attract them to books
as a pleasure or to arouse their ambition
for greater knowledge, or to convince them
that books have something of a practical
money value. This is the first aim of li-
brary publicity— to make the library useful
to all classes of people who can use it, to
make the books connect with people who
USEIRS
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No PtSIRE fo*
TO 6er BOOKS
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CANNOT REAP
10;.
are interested in every subject under the
sun, to secure the largest number of card-
holders possible, the largest circulation of
books and the largest amount of study and
reading of books either inside or outside
of the library. Reference work deserves
as much publicity effort as does the mere
circulation of books. We need also to be
reminded of the fact that the library will
be most useful when its shelves are empty,
when every book is out being read.
April, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
261
One of the objections to publicity on the
part of the public libraries in the past was
the matter of library dignity. A good deal
was said ten or twenty years ago to the ef-
fect that the library should wait for people
to come to it, and not make conspicuous at-
tempts to induce people to read. Although
the sentiment in regard to the extension of
library service has greatly changed during
this period, it still remains true that public
libraries have a certain standard of dignity
which needs to be kept in mind in all pub-
licity work. Library printing should be
carefully planned to conform to the best
printing standards. Methods which will
too greatly depart from precedent must be
avoided. There ought to be some distinc-
tion between the publicity methods of a
public library and those of a department
store, for instance.
The size and character of the community
have an important bearing on the type of
publicity which will appeal to the public. In
a small village, where the librarian knows
everyone by name, it is commendable to
raise book money by a quilting party, and
permissible to send out library notices in
parcels from the butcher's shop. But in a
large city anything of so familiar a nature
would create unfavorable comment. In sev-
eral large cities window displays and mov-
ing picture slide publicity have been used
with very great success, for beside increas-
ing circulation they have acquainted great
numbers of people with the fact that the
library is endeavoring to make itself more
useful and valuable. Instead, therefore, of
detracting from civic pride in the library,
they have increased it. The whole spirit
of present library work is to bring the li-
brary into close contact with business peo-
ple, professional men, with municipal de-
partments, with working classes, and in
fact with everyone. We must necessarily
depart from the old exclusiveness and let
ourselves become intimate with every per-
son in the community. If the library is do-
ing its work in an effective manner, in a
helpful spirit, and in a straightforward,
honest effort to be of service, it can scarce-
ly lose any appreciable amount of dignity by
making itself known in whatever ways will
benefit the people.
Another aim of library publicity is to
benefit the library itself. One of the de-
partments of city government with whose
aims and methods the city officials as well
as the general population are least ac-
quainted is the public library. Public opin-
ion is vital to the support of a library. If
the people are kept posted on the manage-
ment of the library, with the new features
which are being introduced to give greater
satisfaction to readers, with the new books
that are being added, with the economical
administration which we think we are
maintaining, the result is sure to be that
they will take pride in the library and sup-
port it in whatever it wishes to undertake.
On the contrary, if publicity gets into the
newspapers concerning petty disturbances
within the library, and nothing of a sort
that inspires the public with confidence, the
result is inevitable. Through the aid of this
publicity concerning library administration
most of the community may be kept very
closely informed of what is going on.
When the time comes for appropriation
bills to be passed the people are well aware
of the needs of the library and are sympa-
thetic with its purpose.
An aim of library publicity which needs
to be remembered is consistency. What-
ever statements are published in the way
of advertising new books or new service
must be backed up by the service itself. To
secure the sort of publicity which will bring
a hundred people to the library for a par-
ticular book, and then to have only one or
two copies of the book, is not only unfor-
tunate but is most harmful in its results, as
it is a justifiable ground for complaint.
This regulation of supply and demand
needs to be very closely followed, even as
far back through the processes as the se-
lection and ordering of extra copies. In is-
suing an extended title list of books on cer-
tain subjects it is not always necessary that
all the books should be on the shelves when
a reader calls for them. It is doubtful if
there will be, within a two-week period,
more than half a dozen calls for a partic-
262
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[April, 1914
ular book from a title list of two or three
hundred items, and in most libraries the
readers have the privilege of reserving the
booV if they are not in. In the case of
fiction it is difficult to do any advertising
consistently, for few libraries are fortu-
nate enough to supply the fiction which is
always demanded.
Last of all, publicity in any library should
be managed so as to be economical. There
are still many people who think that a li-
brary is an unnecessary luxury. They cer-
tainly cannot understand why the library
should advertise its books to get a larger
circulation, to cause a greater demand
which will require a still greater expendi-
ture and thus a larger burden on the tax-
payers. They are the people who do not
make a city progress, but must be kept in
mind when spending public money. Pub-
licity should be so planned that it will not
expend more time than necessary. In some
libraries a number of members of the staff
are constantly working up lists and sending
out publicity which has little result. Lists
of books on subjects in which only a few
people are interested are seldom a paying
proposition. It is better to send a short
letter to the few people interested and let
them make out their own lists at the li-
brary. One form of practical library co-
operation which at the present time has
scarcely come into use is the inter-library
exchange of annocated lists and book
notes, and the use of publishers' lists and
circulars with library imprint. We find that
several libraries in the country may issue a
list on the same subject, or bulletins con-
taining notes on the same books, during the
course of one year. All of these are about
the same in their character. Much money
could be saved in printing and in time if
many of these lists were published by a co-
operative system, so that every library
could benefit by the work of one library.
Perhaps the time will come when libraries
will not think it a transgression to copy the
notes of other libraries, or to take notes
from other sources without giving credit.
We can scarcely think of any profession
with higher aims than our own. To secure
the greatest good to the greatest number at
the least cost, some method whereby dupli-
cation of effort may be avoided is evidently
a desirable thing, and any motive which
stands in the way of a free exchange of
work between libraries is not in keeping
with our ideals.
When it comes to practical methods of
advertising the library's resources, we need
to be constantly on the alert to discover the
needs, to find fields which can be worked,
and then to decide on the proper medium
for accomplishing the result. Nothing can
help so much to this end as an acquain-
tance with the community, the various sec-
tions of the town, the various classes of
people, the business and industrial interests,
the attitude of various individuals toward
books. Several libraries have made com-
munity surveys, with highly profitable re-
sults. Mr. Solis-Cohen, of Brooklyn, has
made the most thorough, perhaps, of these
investigations, although confined to only
one section of the city. These surveys need
not be charted or exhaustive. A few days
invested in this work or a few hours spent
from each week in looking for possible
ways of increasing the library's usefulness,
will bring in so many various possibilities
that the question immediately becomes one
of selection. Time and money are limited;
shall we have some posters printed to tell
the men in the shops that the library is lo-
cated at Fifth and Broadway and can be
of service to them, or shall we take a hand-
ful of postcards to the book shelves, and
send a notice of each of our mechanical
books to the managers of the various fac-
tories? We can only decide by studying
our book stock and the factories together.
We may discover an area of several
blocks in which the residents seem never
to have heard of the library. The people
are mostly foreigners. Shall we advertise
our foreign books, necessitating the pur-
chase of more books, perhaps, or try to es-
tablish a deposit station of both English
and foreign books in a drug store there?
Time and money are the factors in the de-
cision.
Again we should take advantage of or-
ganizations to reach large groups of people,
especially societies of working men, real
April, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
263
estate boards, study clubs, and the like.
This is a possible method of advertising
which exists in every community, but which
has been little cultivated. To reach the
business men we may advertise in their
local board of trade bulletin, noting par-
ticular books, and we may see some result.
Then we may send an individual list to each
member. Best of all we can talk for a
few minutes before the business men's
meeting and show half a dozen sample
books. Nothing will convince people that
books have practical value so much as
to show them an actual book instead of
telling about it. However much we may
shrink from a talk, or an "address," there
are few other methods so profitable as the
personal visit, and if the listeners can be
induced to ask questions about library
methods or particular books, the effort is
well repaid. Sometimes arrangements can
be made to issue library cards and give out
books at these meetings.
There are always broad, standard sub-
jects, in which a great many people are in-
terested, such as music, art, travel, busi-
ness, housekeeping, or electricity. Lists of
these are always timely and give results
when properly distributed. Whether these
lists shall be annotated, or simply title lists,
whether they shall be long lists or only
short selected lists, requires the knowledge
of supply and demand, and depends on the
amount available for printing. It would be
rather difficult to analyze the comparative
profit from these various forms, and the
method of distribution is a much more im-
portant element of success than the form
itself.
Current events, forthcoming lectures,
plays or musical events may be made the
occasion for brief newspaper notes or leaf-
let lists. If the public schools are intro-
ducing a course in domestic economy, let
the graduate housewives know that they
can pursue a course of reading at the pub-
lic library, or borrow a book of chafing-
dish recipes. It will not shock the grocer's
customer if the delivery boy hands her a
library list on housekeeping. If the cir-
culation of the library is making notable
increase, let the figures be given newspaper
publicity along with the bank clearings, as
a sign that the town is keeping up in its in-
tellect as well as in real estate.
Newspaper publicity, by almost any test,
is the best form that the library can utilize,
and should receive continual attention.
Where the library can circulate a thousand
lists at considerable expense, a six-inch
newspaper story will reach many times that
number of persons. After the "copy" is
prepared for the editor, no further expendi-
ture of time is called for. In nine cases
out of ten the newspapers are well disposed
to the library and will give it their help.
The extent to which they will give up their
space is exceedingly variable, however. In
general, the smaller the city or town the
more space can be had. Newspapers in
large cities are seldom willing to publish
book lists. The order of preference which
they show for library notes is somewhat as
follows :
1. News items concerning new policies,
methods, or efforts to improve the library.
2. News items as to large increase in li-
brary collection or circulation.
3. Short title lists of new additions of re-
cent and interesting books. Some papers
will run these lists as a regular feature.
4. Short title subject lists on some topic
of current interest, or on a subject in con-
troversy, etc.
Some libraries are able to prepare "sto-
ries" which begin as news items of inter-
esting information, and close with names
of two or three library books on the sub-
ject. Whether the time consumed is repaid
in results depends largely on the ingenuity
of the librarian. There will be found on
investigation in nearly every town a num-
ber of regular publications of societies,
groups of people of one interest or lan-
guage, whose existence was not realized.
These magazines and bulletins make fertile
ground for special lists and articles, for
most of those who read them, it may be
assumed, are interested in the subjects in
question. The mere acquaintance with their
editors is well worth while to the library.
When the library issues printed matter
of its own its main care should be in meth-
ods of distribution. A subject list given
264
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[April, 1914
out at the library is a service to those who
are already patrons, and may increase the
circulation. But the effort of publicity is
to introduce new persons to the opportunity
which awaits them, rather than to tell pres-
ent users the things they may learn from
the card catalog. To place every piece of
library publicity in the hands of some one
who will respond is a much more difficult
thing than to compile a list. When an at-
tractive list of "business books" has been
issued, for example, what will be the cheap-
est way to put every copy before actual
business men ? They can be distributed by
a boy, from office to office; they can be
mailed to addresses taken from the business
directory or from the membership list of
the board of trade. Sometimes they can
be given out at a business men's meeting,
or sent with other mail going out from the
chamber of commerce office. In one city
the various organizations cooperate with
the library by allowing the use of their ad-
dressograph machines and lists. The item
of postage is one which counts up very rap-
idly, and which should be charged against
the publicity funds. The multigraph and
other machines for printing inside the li-
brary are in use in many large cities. Be-
side saving money, they are fully as useful
on account of the quickness with which
lists and notices may be prepared after the
need has been discovered. If, in the morn-
ing, it is found that a lecture on the North
Pole is to be given in the afternoon or
evening, a multigraph list can be easily
ready for distribution. With these ma-
chines also a library can send out letters
of information or invitation to great num-
bers of people, at not much over the cost
of postage, whereas the expense of having
these letters printed would often seem pro-
hibitive. The work incurred can be done at
"odd times," when opportunity offers.
Sending individual post-cards notifying
non-users of books which should interest
them is a fertile means of reaching new
prospects. There is sure to be greater re-
sponse to what seems like a personal mes-
l>ut the librarian is under greater ob-
ions to see that the reader receives
satisfaction than in the case -where printed
lists or circulars are mailed. The post-card
method may also be easily overworked, be-
coming a heavy time-consumer. In that
case it should not be used to send notices of
new books which will have a naturally large
demand, to friends or persons who already
use the library.
There are many ways of distributing
posters, such as placing them in store win-
dows, tacking them in shops and stores, or
public buildings. Posters in the street cars
are in use in several cities. The regular
rates for this form of advertising are pro-
hibitive, and it is only practicable when the
street car company or some advertiser is
willing to give up the space to the library.
The motion picture theater has great pos-
sibilities as a medium of library extension.
An increasing proportion of the films are
of an educational and constructive nature,
and the "movies" are patronized by young
people of all classes, and by the common
run of grown-up people. Therefore it is
not necessary for library workers to say
that the great majority of films are of a
sensational, disagreeable and distinctly un-
elevating character, that the use of the pic-
tures for educational purposes is almost
certain to be carried to excess, resulting
in a disorganized and undisciplined condi-
tion in the minds of children, and that the
motion picture habit distracts from reading
and study and draws children from libra-
ries. Public opinion actively supports the
moving picture; the picture theater is the
greatest competitor of the public library, and
the very people whom the library serves the
least are the mass of men and women who
patronize these theaters. Such being the
case, it appears that the library has an op-
portunity here which should be taken up
and developed. The library, under fortunate
conditions, may secure the cooperation of
the theater managers. The m®re advanced
realize that the educational value of the
theater is emphasized by cooperation with
the library, they are well disposed toward
the public library, and if properly ap-
proached are willing to be of more or less
assistance.
Some of them will run slides advertising
the library between their films or at the
April, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
265
end of the program. These slides cost about
$1.50 to prepare. It is necessary to have
a card lettered by a sign painter before the
glass slide is made. The wording on the
slide should be very brief, three or four
lines to attract and create a desire to use
the library, three or four lines to tell of
the location and hours, if necessary. Every
word is important. Where the library has
a number of slides out, a record should be
kept, so that they may be changed from
theater to theater every two or three weeks.
By placing the following words at the bot-
tom of the slides we have had good suc-
cess in Los Angeles: "This theater gladly
aids library extension." We now have
about thirty slides in use, about half of
them in the neighborhood of the branch
libraries. When films of an educational na-
ture are being featured at a theater the li-
brary has another opportunity. If Scott's
"Lady of the lake" is on the program, for
example, special slides can be run adver-
tising Scott's works, books about Scotland,
and the kke. In one city the theater and
the library worked together in conducting
a prize essay contest on "As you like it."
While some of the essays were submitted
by high school students, many were written
by men and women to whom writing com-
positions was a decided novelty. The li-
brary was able to bring them in a pleasant
and profitable manner to that which is its
aim — the careful study of a great and in-
spiring author.
Another recent development in library
publicity is the use of store windows for
the display of books. This is a very ef-
fective method, and one which incurs little
expense. It attracts wide attention of a
constructive sort, and brings new persons
to the library. To secure the interest and
cooperation of the managers and employes
of the store itself is alone worth while, and
can generally be accomplished. The most
difficult feature connected with window ex-
hibits is to convince the owners of the large
stores that they are not setting any prece-
dent which may cause them later regrets.
Most of them complain of being besieged
with requests for this privilege. In Los
Angeles a "Library week on Broadway"
was arranged, in which eight stores con-
tributed parts of or complete windows. The
books selected were appropriate to the store
in question. The city's largest grocery
store showed books on housekeeping, cook-
ing, and the chemistry of foods. The city's
largest furniture store showed books of
house plans, decoration, period styles, and
a group of music scores and books arranged
near a piano. One of the department stores
furnished figures of a man and his wife
reading at the evening table, with their lit-
tle girl seated on the floor in the fore-
ground, reading "Mother Goose." Around
the sides of the space were groups of books
on business, mechanics and housekeeping.
Appropriate cards in each window served
to explain the books and the use of the
library. During the week of the display the
stores gave out special circulars contain-
ing condensed information about the li-
brary. Similar exhibits of farm and gar-
den books in a seed store, children's books
and other special displays have been made.
After all, the best form of library pub-
licity is that which comes from satisfied
readers. It is while making the worthy ef-
fort to improve internal methods and reach
perfection in the mechanism that we forget
to keep our hand on the pulse of the people
outside.
The departments which work directly
with the public are the means for interpret-
ing the public's wishes, and making the
mechanism respond. The information as to
what the people are asking for, what they
are expecting in choice of books, timeliness
of books, convenience in using the library
equipment, must be transmitted immediate-
ly to the proper source to secure action, if
the public is to be satisfied. Word-of-
mouth publicity is the most powerful of all,
and constructive publicity depends on the
reader's feeling that he is receiving good
treatment. The public are seemingly glad
to endure hard rules, or inconvenient serv-
ice, if only they think the library staff is
doing its best or is working under some
handicap. But the favorite complaints—
"Never can find it in;" "They are so slow
about getting new novels:" "So much red
tape to go through," spread with appalling
266
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[April, 1914
influence to people who receive no counter-
stimulant to use the library, and these com-
plaints can easily nullify any efforts at
printed publicity. All departments of the
library, therefore, ought to be aware of
each other's aims and methods, so that
when necessary they can and gladly will
depart from routine to meet the emergen-
cies which often arise in dealing with the
public, and feel that, whatever their part in
the library's work, its goal is the satisfied
reader beyond the delivery or reference
desk. If the members of all departments
are on the watch for news items, book re-
views, and other clues by which readers'
requests may be anticipated, and if they can
see that the information takes the form
of "rush" book orders, short cuts through
the catalog department, quick returns from
the bindery, then the large class of people
who stay away from the library because it
is not as prompt as a department store, for
instance, will become enthusiastic library
patrons. Good service can accomplish more
than organized publicity, but the two to-
gether are irresistible.
Let us take ourselves to the top of some
high office building, where we can see our
city spread before us, or climb the hill over-
looking our country town. This is our field
of endeavor. The library building, with
its merry hum of activity, is but the means
to accomplish an end. We must forget the
routine and see the homes, the shops, and
the offices at our feet, reaching into the
horizon. We must listen to the sounds of
the people at work. Every home, every
shop, every office is an opportunity await-
ing us, calling for the message of the
books.
THE CLASSIFICATION OF LITERATURES IN THE UNIVERSITY
OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY*
BY PHILIP S. GOULDING, Catalog Librarian, University of Illinois
IN the administration of any library, and
of a college library in particular, the basic
principle must be the convenience and ben-
efit of the users. In no part of the admin-
istration is this more necessary than in the
arrangement of the books on the shelves,
i.e., the classification. The professors and
instructors have a right to expect their ma-
terial to be conveniently arranged, and the
library staff, I believe, has the unvarying
duty to thus arrange it just so far as pos-
sible, even at the cost of certain departures
from the schedules in general use in their
library, or the cost of reclassifying certain
large sections at intervals, as the numbers
of the staff and their other duties will per-
mit. Too often, I fear, classifiers and cat-
alogers do not thoroughly appreciate this
principle, nor consistently act upon it, and
as a result dissatisfaction creeps into the
minds of the faculty, spreads with more or
* Read in outline only at the joint meeting of the
Illinois and Missouri Library Associations, St. Louis,
Oct 25, 1912, and here revised for publication.
less rapidity, and may develop into open
or secret hostility to the library. An effort,
or several efforts, made by the University
of Illinois Library to carry out this prin-
ciple in the great field of literature I pro-
pose to outline in this brief sketch.
For a number of years there had been a
great and serious dissatisfaction with the
literature classifications, which followed
quite closely the D. C. schedules. The
classics faculty objected to the arrange-
ment of the material in their section, be-
cause it was not, to them at least, logical or
reasonable; it was almost impossible, one
of them told me, to find anything without
"chasing himself around the section of the
stack containing the books a half dozen
times" ! To others as well it had been un-
satisfactory. Classification into forms,
poetry, drama, essays, etc., was not really
necessary, and was hardly ever anything
but confusing. 'The D. C. arrangement
separates the works of an author if they
come under different forms of literature,
April, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
267-
and in the classics the study is rather of
an author than of a literary form. More-
over, most students are unfortunately so
unfamiliar with the classics that they would
have very little idea what group to look
in for the author desired." (I quote from
the assistant who has been in charge of
the classical department library for two
years.) In addition, whenever a new or
comparatively unknown author made his
appearance, he had to be put into the mis-
cellaneous class, or a great deal of time
wasted in ascertaining the exact place to
classify his works. As a result the mis-
cellany had began to show serious signs of
overcrowding, with a mass of authors that
really belonged elsewhere, and the classics
faculty, expecting to find them with their
respective subjects, were growing daily
more dissatisfied with their section and
with the library in general. Some slight
attempts had been made to better these
conditions, but without much effect, as the
task of reclassification, either in making
up a scheme or in altering books and rec-
ords, was too large a one to be undertaken
by the force available.
There had also been considerable dis-
satisfaction with the other literatures, es-
pecially in the separation of an author's
works by the use of the form divisions as
given in the D. C. In this library we had
not used the period subdivisions under the
various forms, but arranged all poetry,
drama, etc., together, thus, for instance,
mixing in one alphabet the works of Chau-
cer, Pope, Dryden, Tennyson and Swin-
burne. This had been a serious drawback
to the classification, as is quite reasonable.
Then the collections, history, etc., had fol-
lowed the individual works instead of pre-
ceding, as is so much to be desired. Both
of these drawbacks, especially the first,
caused well-founded objections on the part
of the professors and students alike. It is
not right to expect a user of the library,
no matter how well accustomed to library
methods he may be, to find all of an au-
thor's works when they are in half a dozen
places, and the works about him in still
others. Take Victor Hugo for an exam-
ple: his works appeared in 841, 842, 843,
846 and 848, while his life was put in the
biography section, and it is hard to see
how it could have been put with any one
of the classes just mentioned any better
than with another. Schiller's poetry in 831,
his drama in 832; Lessing's plays in 832,
his essays in 834 or 838; Stevenson in both
823 and 824, are but a few examples of the
state our shelves had been brought into,
and the just causes of the complaints raised,
by the faculties concerned.
The lack of any period divisions was also
a bad thing, although it is very doubtful
whether their addition would have rem-
edied the general state of affairs enough
to make it worth while. It would have, in-
deed, grouped the authors to some extent
by periods, but would not have done away
with the separation of an author's works
just mentioned.
To all the criticisms and expressions of
opinion of such arrangements, we had hard-
ly any good answer to give, save the one al-
ready mentioned — that we had not the force
to handle the change, with the library begin-
ning to increase at a much more rapid rate
than heretofore, and the problems of its
cataloging and classification becoming daily
more complicated as well as more nu-
merous. Finally matters were brought to a
head by the purchase, in 1907, of the clas-
sical library of Prof. Wilhelm Dittenberger,
containing over 5000 books and many pam-
phlets. It was at once seen that here was
the time for installing some new plan, if
ever it was to be done, and an extra assist-
ant was authorized to take charge of the
classifying and cataloging of the collection.
Before his arrival, early in 1908, some dis-
cussion of the matter was had with the
classics faculty, and the sentiment seemed
strongly in favor of the arrangement of
all works of classical authors, not includ-
ing collections, in one alphabet each for
Latin and Greek, though details were not
settled upon at that time. It was also de-
cided to apply the new scheme to the new
collection first, thus rendering it usable to
the professors and students concerned, and
then alter the material already in the
library.
After the coming of the new assistant,
Mr. Herbert W. Denfo, he spent con-
siderable time in roughly arranging the col-
368
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[April, 1914
lection and developing the classification. He
finally devised the scheme that we have
ever since continuously used, with good
satisfaction to all who have had occasion
to use the classical material. Its main
plans are: 870 and 880 for history and
general criticisms of the two literatures,
including also periodicals and society pub-
lications; 871 and 881 for the works of
individual authors, 872 and 882 for collec-
tions. In the first and last of these no
attempt was made to distinguish the dif-
ferent forms — poetry, drama, etc. — all be-
ing arranged in one alphabet. In 871 and
88 1 the book number scheme was, I be-
lieve, the original work of the assistant
mentioned. It was made up by consulting
many different authorities and therefrom
obtaining a practically complete list of all
classical authors whose works have sur-
vived, or about whom there have been crit-
icisms, lives, etc., written, though none of
their works have come down to us, such
as Socrates. From this list (arranged al-
phabetically, of course) a numerical table
of book numbers was made up under each
letter, the numbers being treated as deci-
mals as in the Cutter tables. For instance
Caesar is C2, Cassiodorus C$, Catullus C5,
Celsus C6, Cicero C7 and so on, and be-
tween Caesar and Cassiodorus authors such
as Calpurnius, Calvus, Capella, Caper .are
inserted, with such numbers as C24, C26,
€27, C275. Of course any authors not
provided for in the original scheme may be
easily inserted without disarranging the al-
phabetic order, or using more than three
figures. The table was so exhaustively
made up, however, that such insertions are
seldom needed.
l.'iulcr the various authors the arrange-
ment is:
1. Complete works in the original, ar-
ranged by year.
2. Translations of complete works, ar-
ranged by language into which translated,
represented by a capital letter following the
book number: D for Dutch, D2 for Danish
(as being less likely to occur than Dutch),
E for English, F for French, etc.
3. Bibliography of complete works,
marked with a capital V following book
number and followed by lower case initial
of the compiler.
4. Biography of the author, marked W
and distinguished as before.
5. Criticism of the author (in general)
marked Y.
6. Dictionaries, concordances, etc., etc.,
marked Z.
7. Fragments, selections, etc., marked X
and arranged by year, and translations and
criticisms of these.
8. Individual works arranged by special
table (12 in Latin for such as Cicero, Ovid
<'aid Plautus; and 13 in Greek, for the
great dramatists, Aristotle, Plato, Plutarch
and the like). If no special table is made
for the author in hand, works are arranged
by initial of first word of title, using as a
rule the Latin title in both languages.
9. Bibliography, criticism and diction-
aries of individual works arranged with the
work concerned.
The arrangement of fragments, etc., un-
der X and out of alphabetic order, one pos-
sible but not actual drawback to the sys-
tem, was caused by the fact that X was
assigned to this use in the classics before
it was decided to use V and W for bib-
liography and biography, and the whole
section thus marked. The cases where the
present scheme works inconvenience were
so few that it was not thought best to
change all the X's to bring them into their
proper alphabetical place.
Of late there has been some question
concerning the writings of the Greek and
Latin fathers of the church. Some of
these were placed in 281, with other works
on the early church, a few more in the
main alphabet of 881. The proposition
now is to shelve the works of the fathers
after the classic authors, by adding a deci-
mal to their respective numbers. Collec-
tions and individual works both are to be
included here, of all authors who can be
called "post-classic" or "medieval," such as
the D. C. would place in 879 or 889 as well
as in 281.
Some slight modification of the D. C. has
been made in the case of Paleography and
Epigraphy or Inscriptions, which the clas-
sics department wished to have separated,
April, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
269
but they are not of sufficient importance to
be dealt with at length.
Some scheme for the better classification
of works on economic, social, and legal
topics pertaining to ancient nations would
be much welcomed. Several have been pro-
posed and one at least actually tried, but
none have succeeded entirely, or even
enough to warrant continuing them. It
would also be an advantage, no doubt, if
the language material could be classed
nearer the literature, but here also no pro-
posed plan has seemed to precisely meet
the situation. Of course, the shelving of
the classics collection in a comparatively
small room, where all the material is close
together, does away with the demand for
such a classification, so desirable in a
larger collection, or if the departmental li-
brary were not in existence.
Regarding the practical working out of
the scheme, let me quote once more from
the assistant until recently in charge of this
departmental library: "In the first place it
would be better not to omit the form divi-
sions in 870 and 880 as we did, for it is
inconvenient to have histories of the litera-
ture mixed up with opuscula. . . . The ar-
rangement of authors in one alphabet
proved entirely satisfactory; it never gave
the least difficulty. . . . The arrangement
might be improved by arranging com-
plete works by editor instead of by date
of publication, as the chronological order
separates different editions by the same edi-
tor, which is particularly unfortunate in
the classics, where the editor is of more
importance than the date." She also notes
that the Collections, now in 872 and 882,
would be more useful if classed ahead of
the individual authors; most users of the
library would look for them there in-
stead of at the end.
The next large section to be attacked
was German. This also was occasioned by
the purchase of a special library, that of
Moritz Heyne, in 1909. It being desired
to bring all the works of an author to-
gether and yet include some period division,
a good deal of thought was given, during
several months, to the classification of this
subject, but without much result. At last,
in the spring of 1910, when a special cat-
aloger had been secured for handling this
collection, the suggestion was made by a
member of our staff, formerly on the staff
of the University of Minnesota Library,
that the scheme in use there might be what
we wanted. This scheme, which we have
adopted practically entire, was installed
there by the librarian now in charge, who
had also installed it at the University of
Missouri, and was obtained by him from
the Columbia University Library, where it
had been installed by Mr. G. H. Baker.
So far as I can ascertain it has been a
success wherever it has been used; it has
certainly been with us. Owing to a cer-
tain combination of circumstances, we were
compelled in this case to apply the new
scheme to our older material first, leaving
the Heyne collection to be done by the new
assistant. In brief, the plan is as follows:
Under 830 we place all general works on;
German literature (not including here
those literatures included in 839 in the D.
C, Dutch and the Scandinavian lan-
guages). This is subdivided as follows:
.1 Bibliography, .2 Biography, .3 Diction-
aries, .5 Periodicals, .6 Societies, .7 Study
and teaching, .8 Collections, .9 History and
Criticism. Under any of these, but under
the last two particularly, a further sub-
division is made by subject, by adding the
figure for the form division from the D. C.,
i for poetry, 2 for drama, etc., so that a
collection of German poetry would be
classed 830.81. Legends and folklore are
placed for the present in .9 under the sec-
ond subdivision, folklore societies being
830.69, etc. This is not a perfectly satis-
factory arrangement, and we hope to bet-
ter it some day. Under .92, History of
drama, we place also works on Miracle
plays, History of the stage in Germany, etc.
Though we do not at present use it, a fur-
ther and very tempting subdivision could
be made by adding a period number, of
which I shall soon say something, to these
two-figure decimals; for instance, Lives of
early German poets would be marked
830.211; a collection of drama of the re-
formation period 830.822 ; History of mod-
ern German fiction, 830.934, etc., etc. As
this is merely an extension of our present
scheme and not a change, thus involving
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[April, 1914
comparatively little labor to install, we may
some time take advantage of it.
The form of the class and book numbers
for individual authors used in this system
is, so far as 1 know, peculiar to the system,
though the book numbers are founded upon
the scheme used at the New York State
Library for Goethe and Shakespeare. Its
very peculiarity, however, has rendered it
very easy to work with, for the classifier,
the shelf assistants or the users of the
library, and we have heard no criticisms
of it from any source. The works of
individual authors are grouped into four
period divisions: 831, Early to 1517; 832,
Reformation and medieval; 833, Classic
period, 1750 to 1830; 834, Post-classic and
modern, 1830 to the present. This division
was finally settled upon after some discus-
sion of the plan and a careful examination
of both the D. C. and Minnesota divisions
by the head of the German department and
some of the professors. The class number
consists of three figures for the period in
which the author to be classified was most
active, followed by his two-figure Cutter
number, all on one line. For anonymous
works, the Cutter number is taken from the
first word of the title not an article, or
from the word or phrase by which it is
best known. When the name or the title
begins with S, as so often happens in Ger-
man, we use two figures of the Cutter-
Sanborn table as being more compact and
convenient to handle. The book number
consists of a capital letter from the scheme
below, followed in most cases by the Cut-
ter number as before, with the same ex-
ception for S. This scheme falls naturally
into two large divisions, A to H comprising
works about the author, I to O 'his own
works :
A Bibliography
B Biography
C Correspondence
D Critical works (higher criticism)
E Concordances
F Lexicons
H Critical works (minor and textual)
1 Collected or complete works in the
original
J Collected or complete works in trans-
lation
K Selections, fragments, etc., including
prose of a noted poet, poetry of a
noted prose writer, etc., in the orig-
inal
L Same, in translation
O Individual works
Under A to H, the Cutter number is
used, as stated above; under I, J, K and L
the arrangement is by editor or translator
if given, using the lower case initial of his
surname; if no editor or translator can be
found, the date of publication is used and
a chronological arrangement follows the
alphabetical one.
Under O (Individual works) the differ-
ent works are distinguished by a lower case
initial of the title, and by the editor's ini-
tial or by date as in complete works. A
period separates the initials of the title
and of the editor, so that no confusion
arises when it becomes necessary to use
two or more letters for the work in hand.
Translations, criticisms, concordances, etc.,
of individual works follow the various
works treated. Bibliographies of individual
works would be marked with a capital V
following the indication of the title,
though we have not just now many such
bibliographies in the library.
An example of the way the scheme is
applied to a particular author will help to
make it clearer. Goethe's number, for in-
stance, is 833G55, as his work was done
during the classic period. Book numbers
for various works would be as follows :
Diintzer's life of Goethe BDg2
Gervinus, Goethe und Schiller DG32
Meisterwerke, ed. Bernhardt KB45
Egmont, Buchheim ed. Oe.b
Faust, Thomas ed. Of.t
Faust, Auster tr. Of.Ea
Faust, Baumgarten crit Of.Yb
Iphigenie, Buchheim ed. Oi.b
Beyond the period divisions we have thus
far used only one class number, 838 for
Platt-deutsch. Thus 835 to 837 are avail-
able for dialects or for any kindred class
for which a special place might be desir-
able. 839 we have reserved for Dutch,
Scandinavian, etc. For Dutch we should
probably use 839.3 as in the D. C. The
Minnesota scheme subdivides Scandinavian
as follows:
April, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
271
839.4 Old Norse, Icelandic, Faroese
.5 Swedish
.6 Danish and Norwegian to 1814
.7 Danish after 1814
.8 Norwegian after 1814
.9 Gothic
Whether or not we shall ever use this part
of the system seems doubtful; there seems
at present little demand for it. It would
probably work out as well as the German
proper.
I am inclined to think that the plan might
possibly be improved by bringing the
various forms of literature which are
confined to one period division nearer to
the individual authors for the period
in hand, making, for instance, a col-
lection of early German poetry 831.081 in-
stead of 830.81. This has the old disad-
vantage of making the general follow the
special, but might work out well in prac-
tice. The assistant now in charge of this
section tells me, however, that there has
been no demand for such a change, nor any
complaint concerning the separation of col-
lections and the works of individual au-
thors for the same period division. We
have not, therefore, seriously considered
the adoption of this amendment. I merely
mention it as a possibility.
The same assistant informs me that the
scheme has one tendency which is some-
times troublesome. In this library we have
always been more or less uncertain as to
whether it is better to class an author's
works all together, regardless of the sub-
ject, or to scatter them through the classi-
fication as they would naturally fall. The
literature teachers naturally have preferred
the former plan, but it has had drawbacks
in many cases, and the decision has often
been difficult. The scheme just presented,
the assistant says, tends to accentuate this
difficulty, which she generally solves by
considering whether or not the author in
hand is to be considered as a "classic" or
"standard" writer; if he is, she classes
his works in the same place, otherwise by
subject. Goethe's voluminous works, on a
large variety of subjects, naturally are bet-
ter kept together in almost any library,
while some minor writer, little known and
seldom referred to, may have his works
scattered with small inconvenience to the
searcher. The added criterion as to
whether an author did most of his work in
the field of belles-lettres — or, as one person
said to me, wrote "books on no subject at
all" — or whether he is equally prominent in
other fields, would be helpful and possibly
more final. For instance, at the time of
the rise of the Rosicrucian order, there
was much literature pro and con, some of
it by noted authors; this we have inva-
riably classed with the subject, unless there
were a special request to do otherwise, no
matter how distinguished the author might
be in other lines. There often arises also
the question of philosophical works, bought
by the Philosophy department, but of
which we may have other editions or copies
in the German classification because bought
for German students. Here we have not
attempted to follow any set rule, but have
very often classed the added editions or
copies with the section most useful to the
department purchasing, regardless of the
classification of the material already in the
library. Generally speaking, however, we
class belles-lettres, or pure literature, in the
830*5 and scatter the other material.
About a year after the reclassification of
the German section, a similar plan was sub-
mitted to the faculty of the Romance lan-
guage department, but they seemed, rather
strangely perhaps, satisfied with the ar-
rangement of their material, and no change
was then made. During the winter of
1911-12, the purchase of a third large li-
brary, that of Gustav Grober, whose work
was mostly in their field, brought up the
question once more, and it was decided at
this second discussion to make up a scheme
for this section also. The decision was
largely influenced by the presence of sev-
eral new members of the faculty, who had
had occasion to use the German section,
and to compare it with the Romance, both
being shelved in the same large room. One
of them remarked that he could always
find without help what he wanted in the
German section, while the Romance ar-
rangement was "incomprehensible" to him.
The plan finally adopted for this section
is practically the same as that for German,
with some minor modifications. Romance
272
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[April, 1914
literatures as a whole are classed in 840.01
to .09; by this means the material on this
subject is kept with 840, yet precedes the
three large groups that compose the field.
Here we may use the second decimal when
desired, as in German, for period divisions,
and the old D. C. form division, as a third
decimal, is also possible. Thus: Bibliog-
raphy of early Romance drama would be
840.0112; Biography of medieval Romance
poets, 840.0221 ; History of modern Ro-
mance fiction, 840.0953. Of course no in-
dividual authors are classed in this section ;
each one stands with the specific literature
with which he is identified.
Under 840, French, we have five periods :
841, Old and early French; 842, Transi-
tion and renaissance period; 843, Classical
period; 844, i8th century (1715-1789) and
845, Revolution to the present time. 846
and 847 are left vacant for possible addi-,
tions in the field of French dialects; 848
is used for Provencal, with .1 for early, .2
for later works. In 850, Italian, we have
also five periods: 851, Early to 1375; 852,
Classical learning to 1492; 853, 1492
to 1585; 854, 1585 to 1814; 855, 1814
to the present. 856 is used for works
in Italian dialects; 857 for Sardinian; 858
for Rumanian, including Wallachian; 859
for Rumansh, Rhaetian, Rheto-Rumanian.
In 860, Spanish, we have again five pe-
riods: 861, Early to 1400; 862, 1400 to
1553; 863> Golden age, 1553 to 1700; 864,
i8th century; 865, 1800 to the present. 866
is used for Spanish dialects, 867 for Cat-
alan, 868 for Portuguese. All the period
divisions in this section were assigned after
careful consideration and discussion with
many members of the Romance faculty, and
thus far have proved entirely satisfactory.
These gentlemen also gave us valuable aid
on questions of dialects, minor languages,
etc. While we have not yet put it into
effect, I think it might be entirely feasible
lo use 869 for Spanish-American litera-
tures, if the size of the collection or the
amount of its use seemed to require such a
number. Decimals for Mexico, Central and
South America are available, without mak-
ing unduly long numbers, as for instance:
869.7 Mexico
.2 Central America and the West Indies
.3 Brazil
.4 Argentine Republic
.5 Chile
.6 Bolivia
.7 Peru, Colombia, Ecuador
.8 Venezuela, Guianas
.9 Paraguay, Uruguay
Of course a second decimal could be
added as the collection grew, if necessary
or desirable.
The only change in the book number
scheme from the German plan is that D
and E are used for higher and minor crit-
icism respectively, instead of using the lat-
ter for concordances; F and G are now
used for concordances and lexicons, H
left vacant; the remaining letters are used'
precisely as before. An example may be
useful under Victor Hugo, whose class
number is 844^7 :
Life by Brunetiere BB83
Criticism by Gautier DG23
Odes and ballads Ki897
Dramatic works translated by
Slous and Crosland LSs6
Hernani, Matzke ed. Oh.m
Bruner, Characters in
Hernani Oh.Yb
Les Miserables, Sumichrast
ed. Om.s
Les Miserables, Hapgood tr. Om.Eh
The "Minnesota scheme" provides also
places for English and American litera-
tures. American is given the number Si
only, no period divisions being made; in
English the periods are: 821 Anglo-Saxon
lo 1150; 822 Middle English, 1150-1500;
823, 1500-1700; 824, 1700-1800; 825, 1800
to the present.
I should advocate making American lit-
erature 811 instead of 81; the histories,
etc., being classed in 810 with subdivisions
would then be more easily shelved ahead
of the individual works; 81 might easily,
in the hands of careless pages or filers, be
arranged ahead of 810.
In the English section, I should add a
few period divisions, making them a trifle
less comprehensive, leaving 829, and per-
haps 828, for works in English dialects if
the collection ever grew to a size that war-
ranted a separate place for them. I should
make 823 cover 1500 to 1625 only; the
April, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
273
Elizabethan period has so many authors
that more should not be forced into it than
necessary; then 824 for 1625 to 1702; 825
for 1702 to 1745, the age of Anne being
again so rich in authors; 826 for 1745 to
1800, and 827 for 1800 to the present. I
have not consulted with any one of the
English faculty on this subject, and do not
know how they would wish the divisions
made. It seems likely, however, that this
section must be attacked in a year or two,
so that these seemingly premature sugges-
tions may not be entirely out of place.
I am not sure that the Minnesota plan
would have worked so well with the clas-
sics; I am rather inclined to believe it
would not. There is no demand here for
period divisions any more than for form
divisions; the present plan is much more
compact and serves every purpose, while
the different demands upon the German
and Romance sections have been met
by a totally different system, which pro-
vides, we believe, a place for all that
can ever come up, both as regards
classification and book numbers. For
the same reason I have the opinion that
American literature might well be ex-
cepted from the Minnesota plan and put
under the same general plan as the clas-
sics, unless there were a great demand for
period divisions, as seems hardly likely just
now. In the other literatures, 890, the
scheme to be used will depend, of course,
entirely upon the size of the collection and
the requirements of the faculty and stu-
dents. For the majority of libraries I
should not attempt any subdivision, either
by form or period, having, for instance,
Russian 891.7; Hebrew 892.4, and arrang-
ing all authors in one alphabet, as in the
classics. As the collection grew and the
needs of the library demanded, further sub-
division could be introduced. These are
problems to be settled later; at present we
have enough on our hands so that we do
not care to try to solve future problems
until they become present ones.
Of course our system might not, prob-
ably would not, be feasible in a smaller col-
lection, especially in a public library. Even
the larger public libraries, and possibly the
reference libraries, might not find it any
improvement over the D. C. or their own
arrangements; but in a collection of any
size, in a college library, I am convinced
that our plans, as now used and in pros-
pect, would be most easily handled by the
library staff, and most satisfactory to
teachers and students.
THE FUNCTION OF THE LEGISLATIVE REFERENCE BUREAU*
BY S. GALE LOWRIE, Director Ohio State Legislative Reference Bureau
THE idea of reference libraries, col-
lected and managed for the special use of
government officers, is not a novel one to
librarians. There is probably no form of
special libraries which has received more
consideration in recent years. The ex-
amples of New York and Wisconsin in
adapting the modern library to the use of
those who have to deal with great public
subjects and must be quickly supplied with
accurate and recent data, have been fol-
lowed in a number of states. The larger
cities have also adopted the plan and two
of our national political parties have estab-
* Paper read before the Ohio Library Association,
at Obcrlin, Oct. 8, 1913.
lished reference departments for their par-
ticular uses. Yet notwithstanding the rapid
growth of these departments there pre-
vails an uncertainty as to their proper
function sufficient to justify an explana-
tion of their organization and work.
The work of a legislative ^or municipal
reference bureau falls into three fields.
The first may be termed the work of the
library proper, and consists of securing and
making available for ready reference such
material as may be secured on topics of
current interest. The second may be
termed, for want of a better name, the
division of expert service. Its function is
to place at the disposal of the investigator
274
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[April, 1914
not only the most recent and valuable ma-
terial upon the subject which interests
him, but the services of those who by spe-
cial study and training are qualified to in-
struct or guide him in his search. The
third function is quite distinct from the
other two, and is that of the bill drafting
department. Its duty is to aid any legis-
lative official to express in concise legal
terms the provisions which he is seeking
to have formulated into law.
The reference work of such a bureau
differs not widely from that of any mod-
ern library. As is the case of other spe-
cial libraries, it has been necessary here
and there to develop more highly certain
phases of the work. An analysis of the
work a library of this character is called
upon to do and an attempt to adapt the
institution to meet these needs has re-
sulted in a more extensive development in
certain fields and a corresponding neglect
of phases of library work other institu-
tions might conduct with profit. The chief
ways in which the function of a reference
library differs from that of a more gen-
eral library lie in the nature of the mate-
rial called for and the time which is avail-
able to supply it. It is only the subjects of
comparatively recent development which
interest the average patron. He is after
new methods and new devices, frequently
of too modern a character to appear
if. the more permanent literature of the
subject. Not yet has this subject found
a place in the encyclopedias and bound
volumes to which the general librarian
would at once resort. Dependence must
be placed upon what may be termed
"fugitive sources." Magazine articles,
newspaper clippings and reports alone of-
fer assistance. Frequently correspondence
must be resorted to to secure needed in-
formation. Obviously for such a purpose
the books and documents with which an
ordinnry library would be equipped have
no ntore in a library designed for work of
this character. Attention is given rather
to securing publications more difficult of
access, and recourse is had to the shelves
of l.l-.c general libtaries with which every
coTv.rmir.ity is supplied, for the more per-
manent literature on subjects of but occa-
sional interest. To secure material of
other sorts, newspapers, magazines and
documents of every description are
scanned from which to collect articles and
comments of special interest.
A second feature in which the demands
upon a library of this character differ
in a degree from those with which the
general librarian is familiar, is the prompt-
ness with which the requests for material
must be met. There is little time at the
disposal of the patron of such a library.
Not only does he wish his queries an-
swered promptly, but he must have mate-
rial presented to him so that the facts con-
tained therein may be mastered in a short
space of time. It requires skilled libra-
rians to meet readily the diverse requests
\vhich are showered upon them. When
material is to be found in indexed books,
the task is simpler — more frequently it is
to be found only in recent files of papers
and periodicals. The uselessness of the
ordinary magazine index guide with refer-
ences to bound periodicals is at once ap-
parent to anyone who has had to resort
thereto for a bibliography, and after a
weary search through many magazine vol-
umes discovered how few of the articles
he has noted contribute anything to his in-
formation on the subject. The more satis-
factory v;ay is followed of separating from
magazines, bound books, or reports such
articles as seem useful, and binding them
as separates. A quick glance through
them will tell their value far more readily
than a study of even the bibliography un-
der the old system. The material which
may be treated in this way (e.g., news-
paper clippings) is frequently not listed at
all in periodical indexes.
Most important of all, this material must
be located where it is readily accessible to
those who wish to resort to it. For this
reason the law creating the Ohio Legisla-
tive Reference Bureau requires it to be
located in the Capitol, and the ordinance
creating the Municipal Reference Bureau
of Cincinnati provides for its location in
the city hall adjacent to the council cham-
ber. In Cincinnati the council chamber ad-
joins the quarters of the Charter Com-
mission, which open into the rooms of the
Reference Bureau.
The use of the reference bureau for
April, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
275
bringing to the aid of public officers not
only literature upon the problems which
they must solve, but technical and expert
aid as well, has not been as fully devel-
oped, nor is it so well understood. As
with the other features of the reference
library idea, it has grown out of the
attempt of the bureau to fulfil its func-
tion : bringing to the use of the public offi-
cers all available information. But con-
sider the problem of a state legislative
reference bureau. Who are the patrons of
such a library? Principally members of
the legislature: farmers, mechanics, doc-
tors, laborers, school teachers, and lawyers.
What problems are they called upon to
solve? Questions of taxation, workmen's
compensation, agricultural credit, state
finance, and insurance confront them.
What is. their education and training in
these subjects? The common school is
frequently the only institution they have
attended, some add to this a business train-
ing, and a few have graduated from col-
lege and professional schools. Some have
long since forgotten how to grapple in
hard study with the material with which
they must familiarize themselves if they
are to master these intricate problems. ,
They are busy men. The time they may
devote to these questions is comparatively
limited. Flooded with material on any
subject, many are as discouraged as before.
To master the subject by patient study is
for them impossible, at least in the time
at their disposal; they need some one to
explain to them, as you or I would wish
some one to explain to us, many of the
phases of these intricate matters. They
want to ask questions apparently unan-
swered in the material before them. They
must have help to digest in a limited time
this data. This is a need the reference
bureau is designed to fill. Time does not
permit an adequate consideration of these
problems while the legislature is actually
in session. The legislative recesses must
be utilized for a careful study of these
problems. There are consequently, on the
staff of the reference bureau, those well
trained by graduate and professional study
and by experience, in the economic, social
and political questions with which they
must deal. Material is secured, data is
briefed, and plans are presented for all the
questions which can be anticipated. The
official has thus for his assistance informa-
tion as to the probable success or failure of
the plan he proposes, knowledge of de-
vices which might strengthen his plan, if it
has been tried elsewhere, and a general
critical study of his problem. Moreover,
he has in his research the aid of one not
only trained generally in the subject matter
which interests him, but one who has be-
come by special investigation familiar with
all phases of the subject.
But assistance of this sort is not limited to
that which may be received through mem-
bers of the bureau's staff. Experts from
every field are called upon to aid. This
plan has been developed in Wisconsin per-
haps more fully than elsewhere, and men
of international repute are continually
called upon to assist the members and com-
mittees of the legislature in their work.
On questions affecting labor, Commons and
Ely are consulted; on taxation, Adams; on
forms of government and political ques-
tions, Reinsch and Lloyd-Jones; on public
health, Ravenal ; on agriculture, Dean Rus-
sell; and on conservation, Van Hise. The
bureau is the clearing house through which
it is made possible for those who need this
aid to secure it.
The bill drafting work is perhaps the
newest phase of this service. The first
conception of work of this character came
from England. Any one who consults
British statutes is at once impressed with
the clarity of their expression and the pre-
cision of their diction. This is due in no
small measure to the fact that there is a
department in the government manned by
a permanent staff, which sets forth in legal
language the ideas of the framers of the
bills. For years, Sir Courtenay Ilbert has
had charge of this work, and his services
for his government are easily seen in the
simplicity and clarity of English statute
law. What has been the practice in Amer-
ica? We have looked upon bill drafting
as the function of the individual legisla-
tor; but comparatively few members are
lawyers, and scarcely any have the tech-
nical ability and knowledge of the consti-
276
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[April,
tution and statutes requisite for the draft-
ing of a satisfactory bill. Two serious re-
sults have followed : laws have been passed
which are so complicated and of such un-
certain diction as to make it impossible to
know with any degree of certainty what
was the legislative intent in passing the
law; and secondly, those who have had
the drafting of statutes have been forced
to call to their aid those not disinterested
in the bill. It would startle many of us to
know how many laws in this country have
been drafted by paid lobbyists of special
interests. The crudity of the laws and the
constitution of the state of Ohio is appa-
to any one who has time to study
;',icm. It was an able body of men who
sat in Columbus last year to frame our
new constitution, but we wonder how in
this age their work could be done in so
slovenly a manner. So ambiguous is the
language used, that little more than a guess
may be hazarded at what they sought to
accomplish. The attorney-general's de-
pirtment and the supreme court have al-
most a legislative function through their
to interpret our constitution.
As a natural solution for these diffi-
culties came the legislative drafting bu-
reau. Here are provided skilled lawyers
who are familiar with our constitution and
statutes. They quickly become trained by
experience in the technique of their pro-
fession. To these disinterested assistants
the legislators may turn for aid in the
preparation of their measures. The exact
function of a department of this sort has
been little understood. Its work begins
when that of the reference department
ends. Not until the member of the legis-
lature has reduced his requests to writing
is the drafting department allowed to con-
sider them. Its function is merely clerical,
although of a highly technical nature. Pos-
sibly a clearer conception of the function of
a department of this kind may be gath-
ered from a reading of the rules which
control the Wisconsin and Ohio bureaus.
"Rules for the Drafting Room
' i. No bill will be drafted, nor amend-
ments prepared, without specific detailed
written instructions from a member of the
legislature or the governor. Such instruc-
tions must bear the member's signature.
"2. The draftsmen can make no sugges-
tions as to the contents of the bills. Their
work is merely clerical and technical. They
cannot furnish ideas.
"3. The Legislative Reference Bureau is
not responsible for the legality or consti-
tutionality of any measure. It is here to
do merely as directed.
"4. This department cannot introduce
bills or modify them after introduction, it
is not responsible for the rules of the
legislature."
But too much must not be expected of
a drafting bureau, however well it may be
manned. It cannot guarantee good laws.
(a) In the first place it does not draft all
the bills introduced into the legislature.
Its use is optional with the members.
Where it has been established, it usually
drafts the great bulk of the measures, but
members are not and should not be com-
pelled to utilize it. (b) Secondly, it acts
only in an advisory capacity. A bill may
be thought useless, but that is no concern
of the bureau, it is not asked to pass judg-
ment. It may be unconstitutional — the bu-
reau has done its duty when it renders an
opinion to that effect to its author, (c)
The author may change the bill after it
has been drafted for him; or (d) it may
be changed by amendment during its
course through the houses. The drafting
bureau is not responsible for the final leg-
islative product. It acts in but a clerical
capacity and only when called upon. It
does not control the introduction of bills
or legislative action upon them. Many
elements may enter to make the law as
enacted far different from that originally
drafted. During the past months the state
press has noted many "errors" in "poorly
drafted bills." An "error" in the judicial
bill resulted in the omission of one county
and the repetition of the name of another.
This was caused by the negligence of a
proof reading clerk who was overbur-
dened during the last days of the session.
An "error" in the civil service law, which
it was thought might allow a mayor to
discharge a chief of police, was purposely
inserted by a committee of one of the
April, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
277
houses. Another "error" making the pub-
lic utilities law applicable to interurbans
was inserted by those who wish this ex-
tension of power.
There is no phase of the whole refer-
ence library subject more important than
that dealing with the auspices under which
a bureau of this character is to be placed.
In order that the information supplied by
such a department may be trustworthy, im-
plicit faith must be had in the impartiality
of the bureau. The department is not to
be used as a political weapon. It is a state
agency and must serve its patrons irre-
spective of party or the use to be made of
its data. It must supply accurate and re-
liable facts uncolored by any partisan feel-
ing. Otherwise the bureau becomes a per-
nicious agency to serve partisan needs.
The patron must have faith that confi-
dences will be kept and that there will be
no leak through the department. In other
words, honesty in its conduct and control
is imperative. For -this reason it is best
to organize bureaus of this character un-
der non-political boards. In Cincinnati the
Municipal Reference Bureau is organized
under the University Board, and in Co-
lumbus the Legislative Reference Bureau
is operating under the State Board of Li-
brary Commissioners, instead of being or-
ganized as a part of the governor's office
as at first suggested.
But what of the Ohio Legislative Refer-
ence Bureau? What has been its work
and what has it done to secure better leg-
islation in Ohio? Last winter the admin-
istration went into office in this state with
the most comprehensive legislative pro-
gram with which a General Assembly was
ever confronted. Laws required to put
into force constitutional amendments re-
cently adopted, platform pledges broad in
their scope, and additional measures urged
in the governor's message comprised the
program. Fifty-six laws had been prom-
ised and the range of subjects covered a
wide field. It was the determination of
the state administration to put on the
statute books laws redeeming every one of
these pledges. To enable them to carry
out these policies, and do it in a scientific
manner, aid was sought from the institu-
tion which had rendered such valuable ser-
vice in Wisconsin, and it was determined
to establish a reference bureau in Ohio.
There was at that time a reference de-
partment under the state library, but it had
been too poorly supported and was too
much hampered to attempt work of this
sort. Consequently the present bureau was
created, organized under the library board
but independent of the state library.
Already it was the fourth week of the
session when the new bureau began its
work. Little had been done in preparation
for this enormous program. Nor were
there at hand members of a staff who were
at all familiar with the work such a de-
partment should undertake or the best way
to do it. Men had to be secured to aid in
the drafting of bills, and few men of ex-
perience were available. The work of pre-
paring data on these measures should have
been begun months before and bills pre-
pared for introduction when the session
opened, but we were confronted with an
enormous program and with few facilities
for accomplishing it. Worst of all we had
no quarters. We moved into a corner of
the state library. My office was a cur-
tained corner under a stairway. Not two-
thirds of the work that might have been
done was possible of accomplishment ow-
ing to these restricted conditions.
So far as the reference library work
proper was concerned we had little mate-
rial to rely upon, and what there was, was
inadequately cataloged and arranged. We
secured at once a librarian trained in sim-
ilar work in Wisconsin, Connecticut, and
Minnesota; and secured the data and ref-
erences called for, when and how we
might, throughout the session. We had
no staff of trained men who had given the
questions of the session the serious thought
and consideration they so imperatively de-
manded. We sought the aid of the State
University, and the professors there gave
generously of their time to these matters.
The state is greatly indebted to Prof.
Lockhart for the work he did on the taxa-
tion bills, and to Profs. Page and Adams
for their assistance in drafting. Prof.
Gephart aided us in insurance matters and
Prof. Tuttle was frequently consulted.
278
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[April, 1914
Without the assistance of Dr. Upson, of
the Dayton Bureau of Municipal Research,
and Mr. Leach, of the Cincinnati Bureau,
the excellent financial program of the ses-
sion could not have been enacted. Through
the agency of the Legislative Reference
Bureau, the technical and expert knowl-
edge of these men was brought to the aid
of the committees and members of the
General Assembly.
The bill drafting work was cared for
by a corps of lawyers on the staff of the
bureau, and by cooperation with the attor-
ney-general's department and members of
the faculty of the law college of the State
University. Although late in starting, the
bureau drafted nearly two hundred bills,
besides amendments to nearly all the im-
portant measures. When one considers
that it was the administrative measures of
a more comprehensive character that were
given this bureau for drafting, an idea
may be secured of the work accomplished
in this field.
That the work of the Legislative Refer-
ence Bureau during the session of 1913
was crude and hurried no one will deny,
but we had the satisfaction of having ac-
complished something where nothing was
done before. Work for future sessions
should be on a different basis. All mat-
ters which are to be the subject of legis-
lation should be carefully studied and
briefed before the legislature convenes.
Tentative bills should be drawn embodying
the ideas of the governor and the mem-
bers of the General Assembly who will
urge their passage. When the governor
presents to the General Assembly his pro-
gram of legislation, he should have drafted
bills to carry his recommendations into ef-
fect, together with carefully prepared data
upon them. When this is done, we may
expect to some extent the success which
attends the English system, where bills are
submitted embodying the ideas of the gov-
ernment. Already we are working upon a
plan of this sort. We have besides the
director a staff of seven persons. There
is ;i librarian, a catalcger, two stenograph-
ers, a general assistant, and two men who
have been working since summer upon
measures for the extra session. When the
General Assembly convenes in special ses-
sion we hope to have measures for the
consideration of the two houses em-
bodying the governor's ideas and in line
with the plans he had in mind in summon-
ing the legislature. We are still feeling
our way. We are without quarters and
are badly hampered because of this fact,
but we are willing to stand before the peo-
ple of the state on the record of the work
we are doing.
The reference library movement is a
comparatively new one in Ohio and in this
country, but it is a movement which is des-
tined to spread. In this development the
reference libraries of the state should re-
ceive the aid and encouragement of the
state commissioners. It is not the func-
tion of this body to furnish library facil-
ities for the city of Columbus alone. The
state is its field. The idea of the traveling
library and the department of library or-
ganization are admirable. This work
should be greatly extended and encour-
aged. In addition to this, opportunity is
afforded for serving the state in a similar
manner through the development of a mu-
nicipal reference department. It is perhaps
only the larger cities which can profitably
maintain municipal reference bureaus. Yet
there is a great demand for work of this
character. Under the new home rule pro-
visions of our constitution, the cities of
Ohio everywhere are writing municipal
charters. It is imperative that these char-
ters be formulated in the light of the most
recent developments in city government.
The libraries of this state have a duty to
perform in connection with this work in
bringing to the aid of these commissioners
all possible information.
But many of our libraries have not the
equipment, the funds, nor the force neces-
sary for the work which a well managed
municipal reference library would do. In
this work the state bureau should help.
Material should be collected by the state
bureau to be loaned the city libraries. It !
might be prepared as the packet libraries
for debates in the modern university ex-
tension work, and loaned out as they are i
called for. In this way a broad field of !
municipal subjects could be covered, and
April, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
279
a vast amount of material be made avail-
able to the libraries of the state.
It is also possible to provide the cities
with the expert services found so valuable
in connection with the state work. This
feature should be connected with the State
University. As we now send extension
lecturers to smaller communities to bring
the university advantages to the people of
the state, so might similar experts be sent
to communities for consultation on mu-
nicipal questions.
The drafting function of a reference de-
partment can be taken care of in a sim-
ilar way. Request for drafts of ordinances
might be made to the state bureau, which
would supply sample ordinances to carry
out the purposes embodied in the request.
Lawr, of other cities could be supplied, to-
gether with criticism upon their operation.
Where it might be necessary to draft en-
tirely new provisions, this work could be
undertaken by the state bureau. This is
not a new and untried plan which I am
presenting. Already it has been in opera-
tion in the extension departments of the
universities of Wisconsin, Washington and
Kansas. A recent pamphlet from the Uni-
versity of California announces the estab-
lishment of a bureau of municipal refer-
ence. It reads in part as follows:
"The University Extension Division of
the University of California announces the
organization of a Bureau of Municipal
Reference for the use of the citizens of
the state, particularly the officials of the
municipalities of California.
"The aim of the bureau is to place at the
disposal of the cities of the state every re-
source of the university which may be of
aid in raising their standard of govern-
ment and stimulating their civic pro-
gress. . . .
"The Bureau of Municipal Reference, in
addition to maintaining an extensive refer-
ence library, will also act as a channel of
communication between the city officials of
California and the experts in municipal ad-
ministration, finance, public health, engi-
neering and kindred subjects who are now
serving on the university faculty. It will
secure their counsel and advice on all ques-
tions that may be submitted to them by any
city official. Advanced students may also
be called upon to perform practical work
on those subjects requiring specialized re-
search. The bureau will arrange for meet-
ings of city officials at the University
Campus at Berkeley, and will encourage
the frequent use of the convention facil-
ities offered by the various university
buildings. In cooperation with Bureau of
Public Lectures of the University Exten-
sion it will assist in providing speakers on
municipal matters to localities making the
demand.
"All services of the bureau are given
free. A charge is made only when it be-
comes necessary for a speaker or expert to
visit a municipality."
This is an entirely practical function for
the state to perform, and is a logical de-
velopment of the work of cooperation be-
tween the state institutions now being
urged by the governor. It also carries
with it immeasurable opportunities for the
enlightenment and advance of the commu-
nities of the state.
Reference bureaus, whether legislative or
municipal, are not agencies for reform, if
by reform one means the championing of
principles which make for good govern-
ment ; but if reform is to be secured by full
information and knowledge of facts, refer-
ence bureaus are admirable agencies for
this purpose. The day of the cloistered
library is past. We must enter into the
life of the communities of which we are a
part. The function of the library is closely
akin to that of other educational institu-
tions, and it has a responsibility to bring
to the citizens of its community as com-
plete information as possible on every sub-
ject with which it is concerned. The ref-
erence library has no other function than
this. It has had a special development be-
cause it has been called upon to meet spe-
cial problems. In all cases, however, its
function has been the same — to bring to
those working on public questions every
facility and opportunity to enable them to
exercise their public functions in an en-
lightened mannet.
280
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
{April, 1914
SPECIAL LIBRARIES— A REPORT ON
FIFTY REPRESENTATIVE
LIBRARIES
ARRANGED BY R. H. JOHNSTON, Librarian,
Bureau of Railway Economics Library,
Washington, D. C.
THE Special Libraries Association was
formed during the summer of 1909 by a
group of members of the American Library
Association. Some of them had charge of
small financial, commercial, and technical
libraries identified, for the most part, with
business offices.
Many of their problems could not be met
by an association dealing with the broader
questions, of interest primarily to the
larger libraries. There was some doubt
whether an organization of such hetero-
geneous interests could be made sufficiently
coherent to develop any effective organiza-
tion. And when, in 1911, following action
of the Council of the American Library As-
sociation, the Special Libraries Associa-
tion affiliated with the general association
this doubt still persisted, since the Council
then urged that the young association
should become a section of the general
body.
In the four years of its existence, how-
ever, the Special Libraries Association has
grown from fifty or sixty persons to about
three hundred. Of its last annual session
it was said, "There was no more vital talk
at the whole Kaaterskill conference than
at its meetings." The association has dem-
onstrated that it has a definite scope. It
has done much to develop cooperation be-
tween special libraries. It has encouraged
membership in and attendance at the meet-
ings of the American Library Association.
The Kaaterskill conference showed that the
members of the American Library Asso-
ciation are interested in many of the topics
discussed by the Special Libraries Asso-
ciation. Hence the affiliation has been of
mutual benefit. But until some of the im-
portant questions of methods and cooper-
ation peculiar to special libraries have been
thoroughly threshed out. or have become
problems to the general librarian also, the
Special Libraries Association must main-
tain its separate organization.
It must not be expected, moreover, that
a definition of the term "special library"
will be readily formulated. The modern
reference library — such, for example, as the
Free Public Library of Newark — employs
in many cases methods which make it as
much a special library as that of the United
Gas Improvement Company. On the other
hand, many of the most effective special
libraries have, to the eye of the general
librarian, little of the appearance of a li-
brary. Their working tools are manu-
script-reports, plates, photographs, or index
references to material to be found in libra-
ries in the same city, or even in far distant
cities. Almost all special libraries will have
some material of this sort, and will besides
preserve and make much use of newspaper
clippings and magazine excerpts, and will
possess what might appear to be a dispro-
portionate number of pamphlets.
While it is not easy to formulate a defi-
nition, there is no vagueness when it comes
to the purpose of all special libraries, and it
is in this purpose that they are united in
their organization. Every special library
is actively and aggressively interested in
the solution of some present-day problems.
In the solution of these problems it assists
in presenting the material which later finds
its way into print and so into the general
library. It utilizes the knowledge of the
individual expert, the results of special
field work, and has ever in mind what is
coming rather than what is done and past.
But it recognizes that all good building for
the future must have good foundation in
the present and past, hence the special li-
brary also collects and sifts past and pres-
ent printed material for the use of the ac-
tive and expert worker, saving him from
repeating the errors of the past and put-
ting to his service the performance of other
workers in his field. Not all special libra-
ries can accomplish such thorough digest-
ing of current thought and past perform-
ance as the library of the United Gas Im-
provement Company, but such work is the
aim and object of every special library. To
the general librarian the work of the typ-
April, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
28l
ical legislative reference library in its sav-
ing of time to the legislator and needless
legislation to the people may best illustrate
the work and methods of the special li-
brary.
While many trained librarians have en-
tered this field, most of the successful spe-
cial libraries are in charge of men who
were experts in their subjects before they
became librarians, so that the question
whether a special librarian should be first
a specialist or first a librarian cannot be
settled, and from the vast difference in con-
ditions prevailing in the special library
field may never be settled even theoreti-
cally, but there is encouragement in the
present movement toward providing courses
of study for special librarianship.
In January, 1910, there was begun by
the association the publication of Special
Libraries, at first a pamphlet of eight pages,
but which, at the end of a strikingly useful
life of four years, has reached the dignity
of a monthly magazine of forty-two pages.
This periodical prints in each number short
bibliographies on live topics, directs to
sources of up-to-date information, and has
become of great value to expert workers
in almost every field.
At the joint instance of the editor of the
LIBRARY JOURNAL and the president of the
Special Libraries Association the following
questionnaire was sent out to quite a num-
ber of special libraries, and from the an-
swers obtained the table annexed has been
compiled. It was hoped in this way to make
available to the library profession informa-
tion concerning the special investigation
being conducted and to form a nucleus for
an exhaustive list of special libraries.
QUESTIONNAIRE
The LIBRARY JOURNAL submits the follow-
ing questionnaire to a list of special libra-
ries, inviting them to reply in time to pub-
lish if possible in the July issue of the
JOURNAL an article dealing with various de-
tails of special library work. The data
thus received is to be afterwards turned
over to the Special Libraries Association.
A copy of the JOURNAL or reprint of the
article will gladly be sent to those who
cooperate by answering the questions be-
low:
i. Please state the name of the library,
name of librarian, date of begin-
ning, present number of books, and
number of pamphlets.
2. What is the scope and special
strength of your library?
3- What were the needs that caused the
starting of your library, and what
is the trend of questions that come
to it?
4. How far do you avail yourself of the
other library resources of your
community, and have you anything
like cooperation in reference work?
5. What, if anything, do you publish or
have you published which may be
available for distribution, and what
are the terms of distribution?
Your reply before June 15, 1913, to the
LIBRARY JOURNAL, 141 East 25th street, New
York City, would be appreciated, for which
please find enclosed addressed envelope.
D. N. HANDY, President,
Special Libraries Association.
R. R. BOWKER, Editor,
LIBRARY JOURNAL.
NOTES
The notes which follow will give addi-
tional information, grouped for greater
convenience of reference under three heads.
The numbers used refer in each case to the
numbers assigned the several libraries in
the tabulation.
A — Published articles describing special
libraries
4. Special Libraries, Oct., 1912; Sept.-
Oct, 1913.
10. Special Libraries, Jan., 1912.
11. Public Libraries, Dec., 1910; July and
Nov.; 1912; Engineering Record,
Mar. 2, 1912.
18. Special Libraries, Apr., 1911; Oct.,
1912.
29. Engineering Record, Jan. 29, 1910; LI-
BRARY JOURNAL, Sept., 1910.
34. Special Libraries, Mar., 1910.
36. Pamphlet issued by the Museums in
1902. 62 pages.
42. Engineering Record, Aug. 24, 1907;
Public Service Journal, July, 191 1 r
Special Libraries, June, 1910.
43. Special Libraries, Nov., 1910.
45. Charities, Dec. 2, 1905.
46. Engineering Record, Sept. 30, 1911;
Special Libraries, Feb., 1911.
47. Bureau of Education Bulletin, no. 5,,
1909.
282
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[April, 1914
Ao.
Name of Library
American Bankers' Association Library. .
American Brass Company Library
American Institute of Social Service
American Telephone & Telegraph Account-
ing. Library*
Howard G. Benedict Library
6 Boston City Statistical Department.
7 Boston Society of Civil Engineers...
8 Boston Young Men's Christian Association
0 Boston Young Men's Christian Union* . .
10 Bureau of Railway Economics Library*..
11 H. M. Byllesby & Company Library*
i a City Club of Chicago Library
13 A. L. Drum & Co. Library
14 Franklin Institute Library*
Gen. Lib. of the Metropolitan Life Ins. Co.
B. F. Goodrich Company Library
Independence Inspection Bureau Library..
Insurance Library Association, Boston*..
Insurance Society of New York
Investors' Agency Library
Lib. of Assn. of Life Insurance Presidents.
Library of the Boston Consolidated Gas Co.
Library of the Edison Electric Illuminat-
ing Company of Boston
Library of Engineering Societies*
Library of D. C. and Wm. B. Jackson..
Lib. of Mass. Pub. Service Commission . .
Library of the A. W. Shaw Company
28 Library of the Wisconsin Tax Commission'
ag Arthur D. Little, Inc., Library*
30 Lockwood, Greene & Co. Library.
31 Metcalf & Eddy & Robert Spurr Weston,
Engineers
32 National Carbon Company Library
33 New York Tax Reform Association
34 New York Pub. Serv. Comm., First Dist*
35 Official Information Bureau
36 Philadelphia Museums Library
37 Public Service Library of New Jersey*..
38 Russell Sage Foundation Library*
39 Social Service Library*
40 Solvay Process Company Library
41 Steel Works Club Library
42 Stone & Webster*
43 Studebaker Corporation Reference Dept. .
44 Throop College of Technology Library...
45 Town Room
46 United Gas Improvement Co's Library . . .
47 Western Society of Engineers' Library. .
48 U. S. Dept of Agric. Forest Service....
49 Women's Educational and Industrial Union
50 Civic Service House ,
Location
S Nassau St., New York
Waterbury, Conn.
Astor Place, New York.
15 Dey st, New York
Hornell, N. Y.
73 City Hall, Boston
715 Tremont Temple, Boston
246 Huntington ave., Boston
48 Boylston St., Boston
Munsey Bldg., Washington,
D. C.
Insnfrance Exchange, Chicago
315 Plymouth Court, Chicago
624 Amer. Trust Bldg, Chicago
Philadelphia, Pa.
i Madison ave., New York
Akron, Ohio
137 S sth st., Philadelphia
141 Milk st, Boston
84 William st, New York
55 Wall st, New York
i Madison ave., New York
24 West st., Boston
39 Boylston st, Boston
29 West 39th st, New York
248 Boylston st., Boston
20 Beacon st, Boston
Wabash & Madison sts., Chicago
Madison, Wis.
93 Broad st., Boston
60 Federal st, Boston
14 Beacon st, Boston
Cleveland, Ohio
29 Broadway, New York
154 Nassau st, New York
66 Liberty st, New York
Philadelphia, Pa.
Newark, N. J.
105 East 22d st, New York
1 8 Somerset st, Boston
Syracuse, N. Y.
Joliet, 111.
147 Milk st, Boston
South Bend, Ind.
Pasadena, Cal.
3 Joy st., Boston
Broad & Arch sts., Philadelphia Ga
1735 Monadnock Block, Chicago E
Portland, Ore.
264 Boylston st, Boston
112 Salem st, Boston
Specialty
Banks and banking practice
Metal working
Social service
Accounting, finance, economics
Mechanical engineering, account-
ing, management
City reports
Engineering, Municipal
Young men; Law
Young men
Railway economics
Engineering; Public utilities
Civic and social subjects
Engineering
Mechanic arts
Insurance; Sociology
Rubber
Fire and accident preyention
Fire insurance
Insurance
Corporation statistics
Life insurance
Gas business
Electrical engineering
Engineering; Technology
Electrical engineering
Transportation, hist., charters,laws
Business
Taxation; Finance; Statistics
Technology
Textiles; Architecture; Construc-
tion valuation
Engineering; Sanitation; Chem-
istry
Chemistry; Electricity
Taxation
Public service regulation
Corporations
Commercial information
Public utilities
Sociology
Social service
Chemistry
Steel working
Engineering; Finance
Technology; Vehicles
Engineering; Science
Sociology; Civics; Economics
is; Electricity; Regulation
Ingineering
Forestry
Women's work
Civics
l, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
283
Founded
Librarian
Books Pamphlets Other Material
Publications
7911
1906
1898
1910
1906
1897
1848
1851
1910
1909
1903
1906
1824
2910
1911
1912
1887
1904
1885
1907
1823
1906
1908
1911
1869
1912
1904
1886
1913
1907
1909
1907
1893?
1896
19x1
1893
1912
x889
1900
1909
- 1904
1905
1903
1880
1908
1910
1901
Marian R. Glenn
J. H. Madden
Elsie Strong
Elizabeth V. Dobbins
Private library
E: M. Hartwell, Secy.
Mary E. Evans
G: W. Mehaffey, Secy.
Richard Ray, jr.
R. H. Johnston
Louise B. Krause
D. L. Akers
Alfred Rigling
Edith S. Buck
G: Lamson
R. Louise Keller
D. N. Handy
Maude E. Inch
Florence Spencer
Ida M. Thiele
R. C. Ware
C. A. Chamberlain
W. P. Cutter
Edna F. Kinn
Charles E. Mann, Secy.
D. M. Wright
Zana K. Miller
G. E. Marion
S. R. Bartlett
Ruth Canavan
B. Dyer
A. C. Pleydell, Secy.
R. H. Whitten
E. W. Shattuck
J. J. Macfarlane
Mary Banks
F. W. Jenkins
Ethel B. Ketcham
W. L. Neill
Maud A. Parsons
G. W. Lee
Elizabeth Abbott
Gladys Brownson
Florence A. Johnson
F. N. Morton
J. H. Warder, Secy.
Mis. G. L. Miller
Ethel M. Johnson
P. Davis
2,000 12,000 Pictures, banks, etc.
600 1,500
3,000 5,000
1,125 1,800
800 1,200 80 periodicals
1,200
7,264 2,000
I,5OO
18,600
21,203 bks. & pamp. 8,000 excerpts
2,500 Photos & mss.
3,500 15,000
62,523 47,045
6,000 3,000
4,000 10,000
1,500 books, pamps. & trade catalogs
6,000 3,000 Photos, eng. pis.
6,487
4,000 150,000 300,000 circs., etc.
2,500 1,500 Clippings
2,500
4,000 425 Clippings
60,000 10,000
1,100 30 period, papers &
reports
1,000 1,500 trade catalogs
8,000 photographs
3,000
3,000 i.ooo
650 1,300 Maps 1700; 35 pe-
riods.
3,350 Trade catalogs'
635 55 periods.
No statistics
4,128 10,946
10,000 30,000 Clippings
31,492 52,618
5,000 books and pamp.
10,000 15,000
1,200 25,000 pamp. & reports
1,200 bks. & pamp. 50 journals
5,252
6,500 bks. & pamp.
4,100 3,000
4,409 1,500
4,000 10,000 pamp. & clippings
3,000 large number
9,000
500 1,000
500 i, 800 825 periods.
600
Lists in Jour. -Bulletin of Assn. i
None 2
Gospel of the Kingdom, 750. yr 3
Bibliog. on accounting in Spe-
cial Libraries, Mar.,, 1912. ... 4
"Mnemonic symbolizing of
Monthly Bulletin (for mem-
bers) 7
S
See note 1 1
"Recent additions," and "List
"List of additions," spec, bibls. 15
"Syllabus of current literature";
"Digest of trade conditions".. 16
None . • • 1 7
See note 21
None 23
No regular publications. Repts.
See note 26
System, period.; Factory, period.,
No library publications, but dis-
tribute bien. report of Comm. 28
"The library as an adjunct to in-
dustrial laboratories." gratis. 29
At present limited to the organ-
"Sewerage handbook" (in prep.) 31
Bulletin (weekly) 32
33
See note 36
37
Bibliographical bulletin, free... 38
None 39
The Mixer (period ) 4 1
Library Bulletin 43
44
49
50
284
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[April, 1914
Descriptions of other special libraries
not included in the table have appeared as
listed below:
Baltimore Municipal Reference Library.
Municipal Engineering, Sept., 1908.
Public Libraries, Dec., 1907.
Public Service, Sept., 1907.
Special Libraries, Dec., 1910.
Commercial Bureau Co. Trade Library.
Engineering News, Jan. 19, 1911.
Detroit United Railways Library.
Electric Railway Journal, Nov. 21, 1908.
William Filene's Sons Co. Library [Bos-
ton].
Special Libraries, Oct., 1912.
Fisk & Robinson Library.
Special Libraries, Jan., 1910.
Franklin Manufacturing Company.
Special Libraries, Feb., 1911.
General Electric Company [Schenectady].
Special Libraries, Sept.-Oct, 1913.
Harvard University, School of Landscape
Architecture.
Special Libraries, Sept.-Oct., 1913.
Minnesota Tax Commission Library.
Special Libraries, May,' 1911.
National Cash Register Company Library.
Special Libraries, Feb., 1911.
National City Bank Library.
Special Libraries, Oct., 1912.
New York Municipal Reference Library.
Special Libraries, Sept.-Oct., 1913.
Prudential Insurance Company Library.
Special Libraries, Sept.-Oct., 1913.
Randall Library of Social Science.
Charities, June 6, 1903.
Wall Street Journal Library.
Special Libraries, Nov., 1911.
Wisconsin Legislative Library.
Iowa Journal of History and Politics,
July, 1906.
Yale Review, Nov., 1907.
B— Arrangement of libraries by subjects
Accidents, 17; Accounting, 4, 5, 42; Ar-
chitecture, 30; Business, 27; Chemistry, 29,
3!> 32, 40; Civics, 6, 12, 45, 50; Commerce,
27, 36 ; Corporations, 20, 34, 35 ; Economics,
!0, 45, 49, 5o; Electricity, 23, 25, 32, 37,
46; Engineering, 5, 7, n, 13, 23, 24, 25,
29, 3<>, 31* 34» 4i> 42, 44, 47; Finance, i, 4,
28, 42; Forestry, 48; Fuel, 29; Gas, 22, 25,
34, 37, 46; Insurance, 15, 17, 18, 19, 21;
Law, 8; Mechanic arts, 14, 41; Metallurgy,
2, 29; Philanthropy, 38, 39, 45; Public ser-
vice, n, 25, 34, 37, 42, 46; Railways, 10,
26; Rubber, 16; Sanitation, 31; Sex hy-
giene, 45; Social service, 3, 39, 45, 49, 50;
Sociology, 3, 12, 15, 38, 39, 45; Technology,
2, 29, 45; Taxation, 28, 33; Telephone, 4,
25; Textile, 29, 30; Transportation, 10, 12,
25, 26, 34, 37, 43 ; Valuation, 25, 30 ; Voca-
tions, 49; Women, 49; Young men, 8, 9.
C — Publications by special libraries
10. Monthly bulletins; Special studies
on full crew laws ; Valuation ; Comparative
statistics; Comparison of capital values;
Railways and agriculture; Railway em-
ployes; Bibliography of government own-
ership, gratis to libraries. Collective cata-
logue of books on railway economics, 191 1,
University of Chicago Press, $3.
11. List of the publications of the com-
pany furnished gratis; publications sent
free to libraries requesting them.
1 8. Issues Bulletin (quarterly) ; Lec-
tures on fire insurance, 1911; Catalog, 1900.
21. Proceedings, addresses, briefs, sta-
tistics, etc., of its members sent by the li-
brary on application gratis.
26. Index of railroad laws (out of
print) ; Index digest of decisions, 1888 (out
of print) ; Index digest of decisions, 1905
(out of print) ; Index digest of decisions,
1912. Compilations of railroad laws (sev-
eral editions, now all out of print).
36. Booklets on commercial and indus-
trial matters; Commercial America, Amer-
ica Commercial, Weekly Export Bulletin
(by Bureau of Foreign Trade).
41. Catalog of books, excepting fiction;
List of foreign books in the library; Lists
on special topics in club paper, The Mirer.
42. The library and the business man,
1907; The library and its facilities, 1911;
Classification of periodical references,
1912; Reference books on public utilities,
1912; various pamphlets.
45- Publications of the library in Twen-
tieth Century Club's monthly bulletin and
Massachusetts Civic League pamphlets.
April, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
28;
AN OLD ENGINEERING LIBRARY
IN these days of social service the pro-
fession of civil engineering ranks high
among those forces working for the wel-
fare and betterment of the human race.
The civil engineer builds our water sup-
plies, constructs our sewer systems, and
looks after the sanitation of our cities. He
paves our streets and builds our subways.
To aid in every possible way this very use-
ful member of society, the civil engineer,
is the aim of the library of the American
Society of Civil Engineers.
Occupying two floors of the house of the
Society at 220 West 57th street, New York
City, it now numbers about 80,000 volumes
and pamphlets, embracing all phases of
civil engineering as well as its allied sub-
jects. The library was founded in 1868,
when provision was made for housing 100,-
ooo volumes. Twelve years ago the library
was reorganized and reclassified, and has
more than doubled in size since that time.
Much of its growth has been due to the
acquisition of several fine libraries of civil
engineers, among others those of William
Arthur and William J. McAlpine in the
years 1872 and 1873, respectively. In 1901
Henry B. Hammond donated his valuable
and handsomely bound collection.
Like every one else, the civil engineer
has specialized, so that to-day we have the
electrical engineer, the hydraulic engineer,
the mechanical engineer, and so on until
many different occupations are covered. Not
only has this library turned its attention to
railroad, waterway, mechanical, electrical,
sanitary, and even military and marine en-
gineering, but it has gathered together
books on such related subjects as political
economy and geology, of which latter it has
a large collection, including the reports of
the United States and state geological sur-
veys.
The special classification compiled by
Charles Warren Hunt, LL.D., secretary of
the Society, which incidentally enumerates
the various branches of the science of civil
engineering, will give some idea of the
scope of the library. The main headings
only are given:
A. Railroads.
B. Street railroads.
C. Waterways.
D. Water supply.
E. Sanitation.
F. Bridges.
G. Mechanics.
H. Electricity.
I. Gas.
J. Architecture and building.
K. Marine engineering.
L. Military engineering.
M. Mining engineering.
N. Roads and pavements.
O. Municipal reports.
P. Landscape architecture.
Q. Geography.
R. Surveying and drawing.
S. Society publications.
T. Periodicals.
U. Dictionaries and encyclopedias.
V. Engineering handbooks.
Y. General science.
Z. Miscellaneous.
For fifteen years this classification has
stood the supreme test of a good classifi-
cation, of having the books fit into it. In
1897, at the time the Society moved into its
present house, it was found that there were
27,000 accessions, and that these were so
poorly classified and cataloged that they
were not available when wanted. It was
decided, therefore, to reclassify and recat-
alog the library, and to that end different
systems of classification were examined.
None seemed to be suitable for an engi-
neering collection, so the present one was
devised by Mr. Hunt. The scheme was
worked out from an engineering rather
than a library standpoint, the aim being to
arrange the classes so that an engineer
coming into the library could easily find
what he wanted. One need, perhaps, felt
only within the last few years, is for the
creation of a division for Industrial econ-
omy to include such books as Gilbreth's
"Motion study" and Taylor's "Scientific
management."
Instead of Cutter numbers a I, 2, 3, ...
system of numbering is used, thereby bring-
ing the latest books at the end of the class,
and effecting a more or less chronological
286
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[April, 1914
arrangement, one which is particularly to
be desired for scientific works.
There are three catalogs. Instead of one
dictionary catalog, an author, a class, and a
subject catalog are kept up. This scheme,
although it may have its disadvantages, has
the great value that while the subject cat-
alog is specific, the class catalog is inclu-
sive, so that one supplements the other.
The aim has been not to be brief, but to be
thorough, and to this end all books except
society publications and periodicals are
thoroughly analyzed and cards made in the
author, subject or class catalog, or perhaps
all three, for all matter of any value or im-
portance whatever. In this way reports
made as parts of other reports and pub-
lished in no other form, and subject matter
sometimes found in no other places, are
made available. This is one way, perhaps,
in which public libraries might advantag-
eously cooperate with the technical libra-
ries, in that most technical libraries have
the time for that minute and thorough in-
dexing which is not possible in a public
library.
The Library of the American Society of
Civil Engineers has been established for
nearly fifty years, and has thus been en-
abled to amass a collection of books many
of which are not easily obtainable else-
where. The library contains complete sets
of the reports of some railroads from the
day of their establishment down to the pres-
ent time and the first reports of many
others, which are, as far as is known, to
be found in no other library, a fact which
came to light through comparison with the
reports listed by the Bureau of Railway
Economics in fourteen other libraries. The
library's collection of municipal reports is
of considerable value. These include many
complete sets of the reports of city and
company water-works, city sewerage de-
partments, city engineers, park commis-
sions and boards of health.
The library is for reference only, but is
open to the public as well as to members of
the Society.
By the compilation of bibliographies of
articles in engineering periodicals and
books, it is made useful to engineers all
over the country and abroad. Over seven
hundred of these bibliographies on a wide
range of subjects have been compiled by
the library staff. Copies of two hundred
of these were sent to Japan and others to
Spain. Among the more important is one
on the "Valuation of public utilities," con-
taining 1236 references, which has just
been completed and published in the Pro-
ceedings of the Society, These bibliog-
raphies have proved themselves almost in-
valuable as reference tools. Many a time
the library assistant feels like the young
person who knew the capital of Massachu-
setts but couldn't find the words to express
it. She knows where the material is, but
doesn't know how to find it.
The Library of the American Society
of Civil Engineers is a library used not for
pleasure or recreation but for work, hard
and serious work. Men come to it from all
over the country for aid, and it hopes in
time to fulfill its mission by proving itself
invaluable to engineers.
ESTHER RAYMOND, Cataloger,
Library of the American Society of
Civil Engineers.
THE PASSING OF DREXEL INSTI-
TUTE LIBRARY SCHOOL
IN regard to the discontinuance of the
Library School at Drexel Institute, the
president of the institute, Hollis Godfrey,
makes the following announcement :
"It is with regret that the Drexel Insti-
tute of Art, Science, and Industry an-
nounces the discontinuance of the Library
School. The reasons for this discontin-
uance follow:
"First — It is the belief of the authorities
of the Drexel Institute that the three
schools — the Engineering School, the
School of Domestic Science and Arts, and
the Secretarial School — in which the great
body of Drexel Institute students are regis-
tered, are all that can be carried to the
highest effectiveness with the funds of the
Institute, and that in consequence these
funds must be devoted to the purposes of
these three general schools. In this con-
nection it should be noted that of all the
April, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
activities of the Drexel Institute carried
on in the last five years, the Library School
cost the most per capita.
"Second — The numbers in the Library
School are small, and with the Drexel In-
stitute a school primarily for greater Phila-
delphia, there is no prospect for marked in-
crease. As this school for the past five
years has enrolled but about 7/10 of one
per cent, of the total enrolment of the insti-
tute, night and day, and i 7/10 per cent, of
the day enrolment, it is felt that the other
activities of the Institute, in which the
great body of the enrolment lies, must be
developed first.
"Third — The decision has been made that
the Drexel Institute shall be primarily a
school for greater Philadelphia. As the
maximum number of Philadelphia girls in
the Library School during the last five
years was five, and the average enrolment
of Philadelphia girls was less than four,
the prospect of obtaining for the Library
School an enrolment in any way compar-
able to the other schools seemed hopeless,
without an expenditure of an amount of
money which would be quite impossible to
consider.
"The Drexel Institute will continue to
take a very great interest in its graduates
from the Library School, and will do every-
thing in its power to obtain positions for
those graduates, and to follow their ca-
reers. It will also be very glad to give any
possible assistance to other library schools
which it may be able to give."
The following brief sketch of the school
and survey of its work was prepared by
Miss Bacon, the present director:
"The Drexel Institute Library School
was organized in November, 1892, with
a class of ten students. There were at
the time two schools already in the field,
the parent school at Albany, and that at
Pratt Institute. Drexel has graduated 317
students (2 men, 315 women), who have
come from twenty-eight states, from the
District of Columbia, Glasgow, Scotland
and Kingston, Jamaica, Pennsylvania
sending 142 of these. Students have also
been received for special courses.
"Entrance examinations were, at the
beginning, comparatively simple, requiring
not more than a high school education.
There was no test in languages. For some
time past examinations have been more
difficult and have embraced these subjects :
General literature, general history, gen-
eral information and a reading knowledge
of French and German. Students have
been urged but not required to get some
practical experience in a library before en-
trance. Graduates of certain colleges have
for several years been admitted without
examination. About one-third of the last
two classes have been college graduates.
"For several years the number of stu-
dents has been limited to twenty, although
two or three exceptions have been made.
"The school has had three directors:
Alice B. Kroeger, 1892-1909; June R. Don-
nelly, B.S., B.L.S., 1910-12; Corinne
Bacon, B.L.S., 1912-14. For a short
time between the death of Miss Kroeger
and the appointment of Miss Donnelly the
work was carried on by Mrs. S. C. Fair-
child.
"The present staff of instructors in-
cludes: Corinne Bacon, instructor in book
selection, history of libraries, classification,
administration, subject headings and gov-
ernment .documents; Mabel W. Brown,
A.B., instructor in bibliography, binding,
cataloging, reference work and library
buildings; Stella T. Doane (Drexel, '08),
instructor in order, accession, loan and
shelf department work and supervisor of
practice work; Carl L. Altmaier, instructor
in proofreading and parliamentary law.
"A number of lectures are also given by
visiting librarians.
"Certificates have been granted to stu-
dents who have completed satisfactorily
the full year's course. Graduates are filling
positions as head librarians, catalogers,
library assistants, etc., in public, school and
university libraries, from Maine to Ore-
gon, and from Canada to South Carolina.
One graduate is head of the only training
school for children's librarians; one is do-
ing field work for the New York State
Library, one is working for the Maryland
Library Commission, and several for the-
Pennsylvania Library Commission.
288
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[April, 1914
"It is hoped that the school may be car-
ried on elsewhere, but no definite plans
have been made. An alumnae association
was formed in 1899 'to promote social in-
tercourse among its members, to advance
the interests of the Drexel Institute Li-
brary School and to cooperate in the work
of the American Library Association.' The
alumni have raised a fund in memory of
Miss Kroeger, the income of which is used
for lectures for the school. The president
of the association is Miss R. Louise Keller,
Independence Inspection Bureau, 137 South
Fifth street, Philadelphia, and the secre-
tary, Miss Katherine M. Trimble, Drexel
Institute Library."
At a meeting of the Alumnze Association
of the Drexel Institute Library School and
the class of 1914, held at Atlantic City,
March 7, these resolutions of appreciation.
of Miss Bacon's work at Drexel were
adopted :
Whereas, The Alumnae and the class of 1914 of
Drexel Institute Library School are deeply apprecia-
tive of the great service rendered them and the
Drexel Institute Library School by Miss Corinne
Bacon as director of the school, and
Whereas, Miss Bacon, by her keen interest, deep
sympathy and wise judgment, has endeared herself
to graduates and students, therefore, be it
Resolved, That the Alumna and Class of 1914 here-
by express to Miss Bacon their gratitude, loyalty and
appreciation of her successful administration, and
be it
Resolved, That the hope be conveyed to Miss
Bacon that the school may be continued somewhere
under her direction, with the assurance that she has
the hearty cooperation and earnest support of a1umn?e
and students.
S. C. N. BOGLE,
I. McC. TURNER.
R. P. WARNER,
Committee.
THE LEIPZIG EXHIBIT
To one who has never had the experi-
ence of arranging an exhibit, there can
be no realization of the mingled emotions
attendant thereon.
After the preliminary proceedings, which
include the widespread distribution of
notices expressing faith; hope and a re-
quest for charity, comes the interval of
suspense, during which the persons in
charge undergo an assortment of feelings
ranging from joy to despair, as the replies
to the requests express enthusiasm or in-
difference.
Then the actual returns come in and the
real fun of the thing begins. That is the
stage of the game at present in the work
of the Leipzig Committee. Libraries, both
large and small, have responded gener-
ously in money and material, and there is
every indication that the exhibit will be
an interesting and creditable one.
The exhibit has been made possible by
the hearty co-operation of librarians all
over the country. The large libraries have
been exceedingly generous in their support
and the smaller institutions in proportion
to their size and income have contributed
in an equally liberal manner. The num-
ber of personal contributions to the fund
is an evidence of the enthusiasm and devo-
tion of individual librarians to their pro-
fession. As an example of the cordial
spirit of fellowship which exists among
the librarians of this country and their
willingness to cooperate in any scheme
which concerns library interests, the exhi-
bition is especially noteworthy.
Almost all of the material has been
received since March 5th, and many libra-
ries have asked for an extension of time
in order that they might complete the
charts, etc., in preparation. It is therefore
impossible at this time to give more than
a suggestion of what the completed exhibit
will contain.
Many of the libraries contributing have
sent their material beautifully mounted and
labeled, thus saving the committee much
time and work, and all have shown great
care and thought in the selection maclo.
Practically every phase of library work in
this country will be represented by photo-
graphs, charts, or descriptive matter, and
the committee believes that the exhibition
as a whole will be instructive and interesting
and will give an adequate idea of the pres-
ent condition of libraries in this country.
Especial emphasis will be given to those
features which are most significant, and
those phases of the work in which this
country has been a pioneer will be fully
treated.
The space granted the American Library
Association Exhibit represents a cross sec-
tion at the end of one of the exposition
buildings, approximately 23x97 feet, with
April, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
289
three aisles traversing the section. The
diagram of the space shows the arrange-
ment decided upon by the committee.
The partitions between the American
Library exhibit and those adjoining will
be formed by low book cases with winged
bulletin cases above. Inasmuch as the
space allotted includes very little wall
space, the use of some sort of a bulletin
frame was made necessary, and the
winged bulletin cases will enable the com-
mittee to exhibit a much larger propor-
tion of the material received than would
otherwise have been possible.
The Library of Congress has prepared
a chart 5 x 10 feet showing the growth
of libraries in the United States from
1876-1913, which will be an interesting and
important feature of the exhibit.
In addition the Library of Congress has
contributed photographs of its building
and of the series of mural paintings illus-
trating the Evolution of the Book; an an-
notated collection of blanks and forms; a
complete collection of its publications since
1897; a catalog of all works in the Library
of Congress on Bibliography, Library
Economy, Printing and Book-binding, ar-
ranged both in the form of a dictionary
catalog and a systematic catalog. These
catalogs are designed to show the resources
of the Library of Congress on the subjects
named and to illustrate the use of the
printed catalog cards in dictionary and sys-
tematic catalogs. A number of pamphlets
will be sent for distribution.
The library schools have furnished pho-
tographs illustrative of their equipment
and work, specimens of the forms and
blanks used, circulars of information, and
outlines of their courses. The Pratt In-
stitute Library School has also loaned the
exhibit prepared last year by its students
which is described in the December num-
ber of the LIBRARY JOURNAL.
The college a*d university libraries have
made an interesting contribution to the
exhibit.
The Johns Hopkins University has sent
a carefully arranged exhibit of photo-
graphs, plans, blanks and forms with
descriptions and annotations in German
and English.
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290
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[April, 1914
Columbia University has furnished
charts illustrating their charging system
and reference blanks and a set of publi-
cations relating to the library.
For the participation of the special li-
braries throughout the country in the ex-
hibit, the committee is indebted to the
president of Special Libraries Association,
Mr. D. W. Handy, who took the matter
up with enthusiasm and appointed Mr.
George W. Lee of Stone & Webster, to
bring it to the attention of members of
the association. Mr. Lee sent out circulars
asking for contributions of money and ma-
terial and was instrumental in securing re-
turns from a number of libraries. This
division includes libraries containing gen-
eral collections in special institutions as
well as libraries instituted for the purpose
of supplying books on a particular subject
and allied subjects.
Commission work will be illustrated by a
series of charts prepared by the League of
Library Commissions for exhibition at
the N. E. A. last year. The charts show
the extension of commission work and the
increase of circulation in the last ten
years, and photographs show the means by
which the people of rural communities are
reached.
The work of public libraries will be fully
portrayed and the various activities of a
modern library in the community will be
clearly shown.
A chart showing the municipal support
of a number of representative libraries of
various sizes, the total circulation, the
amounts expended for salaries and books
and similar statistical information will af-
ford the visitors from this and other coun-
tries an opportunity to make some inter-
esting comparisons.
Maps will show the distribution of
branches and delivery and deposit stations
in different cities, and the ways in which
these distributing agencies are operated
will be shown by photographs and the
printed forms used in the various divisions
of the work.
One end of the space will be devoted to
work with children, a corner being fitted
up with shelving, typical tables and chairs,
to resemble a corner of a children's room,
and a representative collection of books
will be shown. A series of photographs
and charts will illustrate extension work
with children in schools, playgrounds, rec-
reation centers, etc.
Library architecture will be given a
prominent place in the exhibit and a large
collection of photographs and plans has
been brought together.
A model of a typical branch or small
library has been prepared to show the re-
lative arrangement of rooms, the provision
of reading and reference rooms for adults
and children, stack and wall shelving, and
the way in which a general supervision of
the entire floor may be given from the
charging desk with its position in the cen-
tral portion of the floor space.
The committee has also in preparation a
handbook of the exhibit in English and
German, which will not only furnish a
key to its arrangement, but will give a
brief description of each of the activities
represented and such additional informa-
tion in relation to American libraries as it
believes will be of interest to the foreign
visitor. It will also contain a list of pe-
riodical articles on American libraries in
German, French and Italian magazines.
The committee congratulates the Asso-
ciation upon securing the services of Dr.
Theodore W. Koch of the University of
Michigan, who has consented to install the
exhibit in Leipzig and who will remain in
charge during May; of Mr. Donald Hen-
dry of the Pratt Institute Free Library,
who will be in charge in June and July,
and of Miss Adelaide Hasse of the New
York Public Library, in August and Sep-
tember. The committee believes that their
attendance will contribute greatly to the
success of the exhibit.
MARY E. PLUMMER,
MARY EILEEN A HERN,
FRANK P. HILL,
Chairman,
Committee.
April, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
291
EUROPEAN TOURS OF THE A. L. A.
Two European summer tours for Amer-
ican librarians are being arranged, both to
include the Book and Graphic Arts Ex-
hibit at Leipzig and the British Library
Association conference at Oxford, Aug. 31
to Sept. 4.
One party will take the southern route,
landing at Naples, and visiting points in
Italy, Switzerland, Germany and England.
Circulars have been addressed to all mem-
bers of the A. L. A., and the detailed itin-
erary was published in the LIBRARY JOUR-
NAL for February. For additional copies
or further information address F. W.
Faxon, 83 Francis street, Fenway, Boston,
or Bureau of University Travel, 31 Trinity
Place, Boston.
Another party will take the northern
route, landing at Christiania, visiting points
in Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany
and England. Additional information may
be secured from J. C. M. Hanson, of the
University of Chicago libraries.
The cost of either trip to end of stay in
Leipzig, with transportation to London and
return steamer berth is $370.
WASHINGTON HOTELS AND LOCAL
ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE
A. L. A. CONFERENCE
IT seems probable that there will be an
attendance of at least 1000 to 1200 mem-
bers of the A. L. A. from outside Wash-
ington at the coming conference, May 25-
30. In order to be on the safe side, the
rooming bureau will be prepared for a
much larger number. All of the likely
hotels have been circularized, and on re-
ceipt of rates accommodations have been
inspected by representatives of the bureau,
with the idea of not listing any but suit-
able hotels.
In the tabulated list are included the
hotels considered eligible, with approximate
numbers that may be accommodated, rates
for different accommodations and distances
from headquarters. Memorial Continental
Hall (where the four general sessions will
be held) is about two-fifths of a mile from
the New Willard (headquarters), a de-
lightful walk in spring across the White
Lot, or one-fourth of a mile from the near-
est car line on Pennsylvania avenue. Ho-
tels marked with t are nearer the Memo-
rial Continental Hall than the New Wil-
lard, or at practically the same distance.
Some of the hotels have quoted week
rates. In many cases the rate for six or
seven days is the same. These rates will
be furnished by the bureau on application.
It is expected that some members will want
to spend an additional week in Washington,
either in advance of the conference or at
its close. Such members will naturally be
interested in week rates.
The rooming bureau is also prepared to
send members to recommended boarding
houses within reasonable distances from
headquarters. It has on file accommoda-
tions from $1.50 to $2.50 per day and from
$6 to $12 per week. Usually these prices
cover in addition to room two meals, break-
fast and dinner, but not luncheon. The
work of the bureau will be somewhat
lighter if members generally will ask to be
assigned to hotels instead of to boarding
houses. It is earnestly desired, however,
that no member shall be kept from attend-
ing the conference for lack of accommoda-
tions at reasonable prices.
The rooming bureau will be prepared to
assign members to their hotels at any time.
Information concerning assignments to
specific rooms cannot be furnished until
nearer the date of the conference. The
bureau stands ready to make reservations
on request; but members who prefer to
communicate directly with the management
of hotels should mention the fact that res-
ervations are made for the A. L. A. meet-
ing. All members who make reservations
direct, or who expect to stop with Wash-
ington friends, or who secure accommoda-
tions otherwise than through the rooming
bureau are requested to notify the bureau
of their plans, so that full advance infor-
mation may be had at local headquarters
of proposed attendance.
In advance of the conference a list of
good restaurants of varying grades of ex-
pense will be prepared for the information
of members in attendance.
The local committee of arrangements,
292
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[April, 1914
J
4
HOTEL
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Bellevue
iSth and I sts.
(Euro)..
(.Amer) . .
$2.00-$3.00
4.00- 5.00
$1.50-$^. oo
3.50- 4.00
$i.50-$2.so
3.50- 4-50
$i.oo-$i.so
3-00- 3-50
$i.50-$2.so
3.50- 4-S®
$i.oo-$i.5«>
3.00- 3-5°
fJ5 mi.t
100 persons.
Buckingham
920 isth st.
(Amer.)..
—
2.50
3.00
2.OO
3.00
2.00
ft mi.t
25 persons.
Cochran
1 4th and K sts.
(Amer) . .
4.00
3-50
3.50- 4-00
3-00
3-50
3.00
y& mi-
150 persons.
Congress Hall
N. .1. ave. bet. B and C
sts., S. E.
(Euro) . .
(Amer) . .
2.50
4-50
•1.50
2.OO
4.00
•1.50
2.OO
4-00
*3-5»
iY2 mi.
(Capitol Hill)
100 persons.
Continental
N. Capitol bet. D. & E. sts.
(Euro) . .
100 persons.
2.50- 3.00
*I.5O- 2.OO
1-75- 2.50
•1.25- 1.50
2.50
i $4 mi.
(Bet. Capitol
Dc^vcy *
and Station)
L bet. 1 3th and i4th.
(Amer) . .
f
f
3/ mi
20-30 persons.
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
Driscoll
ist and B sts., N. W.
(Euro) . .
(Amer) . .
2.50
*1.50- 2.OO
2.00
*I.2S- I.SO
i.T4 mi.
(Capitol Hill)
25 rooms.
4.00
3-5°
2.75- 3
Everett
1730 H st.
(Amer) . .
*2.50
*2 OO
*,, eo
V*. mi t
30 persons.
2.50
74 mi. f
Cordon
i6th and I sts.
(Euro) .
(Amer) .
200-250 persons.
2. so- 3-oo
5.00
I.SO- 2.00
3-00
2.00- 2.50
4.00
2.OO
3-00
3.00
4-50
1.50- 2.00
3.50
?4 n"-t
Grafton
Conn, ave and De Sales st
(Amer) .
-. £ A/-
T mi t
1 50 persons
4.00 tip
3-oo
4-OO" o.0(
4.00
I nil. i
Hamilton
1 4th and K sts.
(Amer) . .
60-80 persons
4.00
2.50- 3.00
3.00
2.50
3.00
2.50
« mi.
Harrington
nth and E sts.
(Euro).
2.00- 3.00
*i.5o
1. 50- 2.0O
1.50- 2.OO
*1.25
V^ mi.
i oo persons.
Knickerbocker
N. Y. ave. and i7th at
(Men only.)
(Euro) .
2.OO
*j.25- 1.50
t/ m; +
10 men.
7* mi. f
Lincoln
xoth and H sts.
(Euro)
.
(Amer) ."
2.OO
0.75- i. oo
0.75- i.oo
V* mi .
25 persons.
2.00
2.00
Logan
Iowa Circle.
(Euro).
(Amer) .
1.50 up
3.00
i. oo up
2.50
1.25- 1.50
2.SO
r.»o
2.00
1.50
3.00
1.25
2.50
i mi.
50 persons
Metropolitan
615 Pa. ave.
(Euro).
(Amer) .
2.50
4.00
*i.oo- 1.50
*2.so- 3.00
2.OO- 2.SO
3-So- 400
•i.oo- 1.50
•2.50- -j.oo
2.50
4.00
*1.50- 2.00
*3-oo- 3-5»
y\ mi.
150-200 persons
Running hot and cold water in room.
April, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
293
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11
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National
Pa. ave., bet. 6th & ;th sts.
(Euro)..
2.50
1.50
2.00
I.OO
2.50
1.50
y4 mi.
(Amer) . .
3-50
2.50
3.25
2.25
3.50
2.50
300 persons.
New Bancroft
i8th and H sts.
(Euro) . .
(Amer) . .
1.50
3-oo
I.OO
2.50
1.50
3.00
I.OO
2.50
1.50
3.00
I.OO
2.50
>9£ mi.t
40 persons.
New Ebbitt
1 4th and F sts.
(Amer) . .
(Euro) . .
4-50
2.50
3-50
1.50
4.00
2.0O Up
3-50
1. 50 Up
4-50
2.50
4.00
1.50- 2.00
Across st.
150-200 persons.
New Richmond
1 7th and H sts.
(Euro) .
(Amer) .
50-60 persons.
3.00- 4.00
4.00- 6.00
*i.50- 2.50
*3-oo- 4.00
2.»O- 2.50
4.00- 5.00
*I.2$- 1-75
*3.oo- 3-5°
2.50- 3.00
4-SO- 5-50
•|4 mi-t
New Varnum
N. T. ave. and C st., S. E
(Euro) .
(Amer) .
75-80 persons.
New Willard
2.00
4.00
1.50
3.00
1-75
3-50
1.25
300
1-75
3-5*
1.25
3.0O
i}4 mi.
(Capitol Hill)
i4th and Pa. ave.
(Euro) . .
200-300 persons.
3-5° up
*2.5O Up
2.50 up
*2.0O Up
2.75 up
i ;
Powhatan
1 8th and Pa. ave.
(Euro) . .
2.50 up
*1.50- 2.00
1-75 up
*i.25- 1.50
2.00 Up
1.50- 1-75
44 mi.t
50-100 persons.
I
Raleigh
1
i2th and Pa. ave.
(Euro) . .
500-600 persons.
3.00- 3-5°
*2.50 Up
2.OO- 2.50
*i.5oup
2.50- 4-00
2.OO
2 blocks
5"*. James
Pa. ave. and 6th st.
(Eiiro) . .
_
n
. .
100 persons.
2.50 uy
'
i.75" 2.50
i.oo- 1.5
y* mi.
Shoreham
iSth and H sts.
(Euro)..
3-50- S-o
*2.so- 3.00
2.50- 3-00
*2.00
3.50- 4-00
2-50
54 mi.t
250-300 persons.
Winston
Pa. ave and ist st.
(Euro)
~.
(Amer)
1.50
I.OO
i'^4 mi.
75-100 persons.
3.00
2.50
(Capitol Hill)
Running hot and cold water in room.
with the cooperation of the District of
Columbia Library Association, will furnish
in advance or at the time of the confer-
ence information concerning cab fares,
baggage express rates, street car fares (6
tickets for 25 cents), sight-seeing automo-
biles, excursions to Mount Vernon, Great
Falls, Annapolis, etc. In addition to a
handbook of the libraries of the District
to be published by the Library of Con-
gress for the District of Columbia Library
Association, a compact map and guide will
be furnished to all members in attendance.
A few members have written asking for
information concerning the best guide to
Washington. As such inquiries are prob-
ably typical, it seems desirable to state that
the best available guide is Reynolds' Stand-
ard Guide. This regularly sells at 25 cents
in paper, with 8 cents additional for post-
age. A special rate has been secured, so
that it is possible for the rooming bureau
294
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[April, 1914
to mail copies to members for 25 cents, in-
cluding postage. Please send cash or
stamps with order.
Inquiries concerning local arrangements,
including rooms, should be addressed to
George F. Bowerman, chairman, or Miss
Grace E. Babbitt, secretary, the Public Li-
brary, Washington, D. C.
PRELIMINARY TRAVEL ANNOUNCEMENT
No special rates have as yet been
granted our Association for the Washing-
ton conference. It is hoped, however, that
two cents a mile will be available. In the
next bulletin final announcements will be
made, but if the special rate expected is
not allowed the figures given in this an-
nouncement will prevail.
First class passenger fare, all rail, to
Washington from various centers will be
as below (see also table of cities under
Chicago and middle west party) :
Round trip
$i-7S
6.00
20 50
One way
Baltimore $1-00
(Only 2 days limit)
Philadelphia 3-4O
(10 days limit.)
New York 5-65
(10 days limit.)
Pittsburgh 8.00
Buffalo 10.63
Cleveland n.oo
Boston ii. is
(13 days limit.)
Cincinnati 13-50
Detroit via Buffalo 14-35
Chicago 17-50
Indianapolis 15.00
Louisville 16.00
New Orleans 27.50
Nashville 19.25
Birmingham 19-25
Dallas 35-55
Atlanta 16.30
For those wishing to travel together the
usual parties will be provided as follows :
NEW ENGLAND PARTIES
From New England a choice of two par-
ties, the principal party leaving Boston via
the Fall River line on Sunday, May 24. for
New York, and proceeding thence to Wash-
ington by rail. Special train will be pro-
vided leaving New York between 9 and 10
a.m., the New England and New York par-
ties combining for the purpose of securing
enough for a special. Fare from Boston
to Washington via this route. $9.65 one
way. $18 round trip, thirteen days limit.
The one way rate of $9.65 may be reduced
to $8.52 by those registering with the spe-
cial party. Staterooms (outside) on Fall
River boat will be reserved, room accom-
modating two persons, $2. Parlor cars will
be provided on train to Washington, if de-
sired, seats $1.25. Breakfast in New York
(75c.) and lunch on special dining car
(750.) will be provided.
Those desiring an ocean trip can leave
Boston by the Merchants & Miners Trans-
portation Co. line, Friday, May 22, at 5 p.m.,
reaching Baltimore Monday morning the
25th, proceeding thence by train to Wash-
ington. For 15 or more, fare, including
berth in stateroom and meals on steamer,
$12 each way, Boston to Washington.
Those desiring to go by water and re-
turn via New York and Fall River line to
Boston, can get round trip by this variable
route for $26.15.
Applications for reservations in regular
New England party for Fall River line
staterooms, parlor car seats, meals en route,
and special party transportation should be
made to F. W. Faxon, 83 Francis street,
Fenway, Boston, Mass., also for reserva-
tions in party for ocean trip.
PARTY FROM NEW YORK, PHILADELPHIA
AND BALTIMORE
A special train consisting of parlor cars,
dining car, coaches and baggage car will
leave Jersey City via the Central R. R. of
N. J. and the B. & O. (Royal Blue Line),
at 9.45 Monday morning, May 25 ; connect-
ing ferry will leave Liberty street 9.30,
West 23rd street 9.20.
All from New York, Philadelphia and
Baltimore who wish to reserve space on
this train should send their names to C. H.
Brown, 26 Brevoort place, Brooklyn, N. Y.,
on or before May 18. Those wishing par-
lor car seat, enclose $1.25 from New York,
75c. from Philadelphia, or 25c. from Balti-
more.
The special A. L. A. rates have not yet
been announced; regular round-trip ticket
from New York is $10 (ten days limit, in-
cluding date of sale), from Philadelphia $6.
One-way fare from New York is $5.65;
this can be reduced by those who register
for the special train to $4.52, with corre-
April, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
295
spending reductions from Philadelphia and
Baltimore.
Any A. L. A. rate, if granted, will not
be less than the mileage book rate. If four or
more persons expect to return in the same
party to New York, mileage books can be
supplied to them for the return trip, mak-
ing the round fare $9.04.
CHICAGO PARTY (INCLUDING MIDDLE
WEST)
Following the custom of former years,
arrangements are being consummated for
a special train to leave Chicago for Wash-
ington, D. C, on Sunday afternoon, May
24. This train will be made up of a sufficient
number of all-steel, electric-lighted, solid
vestibuled coaches, compartments, draw-
ing room, and lounging, observation and
parlor cars.
Those intending to join the special train
at Chicago are requested to register as
soon as possible.
RAILROAD RATES
Unless special rates are later granted by
the railroads at this time, those desiring to
travel via special train can save money by
purchasing tickets from outside points to
Chicago and traveling on the identification
cards which will be furnished members of
the special train party at the rate of $14.50
per capita, Chicago to Washington, D. C.
The same party arrangement for ten or
more may be made returning, otherwise
you will be obliged to pay a full fare of $17.
The regular one-way standard rate, Chi-
cago to Washington, D. C., is $17.50 and
returning $17. New York, Boston, and
other eastern point rates from Chicago will
be announced in the next bulletin. One-
way rates from points west of Chicago to
Washington, D. C., and to Chicago, 111., are
as follows:
To To
Washington Chicago
St. Louis $20.25 $5-8o
Kansas City 27.25 10.75
Omaha 27.50 10.00
St. Paul 25.65 8.15
Minneapolis 25.65 8.15
Des Moines 24.50 7.00
Cedar Rapids 22.05 4-55
Sioux City 27.75 10.25
Milwaukee 19.30 1.70
Madison 20.10 3.60
Peoria 20.00 3.00
Detroit 14-35 5-5°
Indianapolis 15.00 3.70
Denver 40.10 22.60
Los Angeles 77.25 59-75
San Francisco 77-25 59-75
Portland 77-25 56.90
Seattle 75.65 56.90
PULLMAN RATE FROM CHICAGO
Drawing room $16.00
Compartment 13-00
Lower berth 4-5°
Upper berth 3.60
Detailed information concerning the spe-
cial train, as to the time of departure from
Chicago and arrival in Washington, dining
car service, etc., will be printed in the next
bulletin.
For reservations for the special train ac-
commodations address John F. Phelan,
Chicago Public Library.
POST CONFERENCE
It is thought that with the conference in
the beautiful city of Washington, which
presents so many points of interest, a short
post conference trip will be the more pop-
ular. The committee, therefore, is plan-
ning for a party, personally conducted, to
leave Washington on Saturday evening,
May 30, by boat to Old Point Comfort,
where two days will be spent. Old Point
is a beautiful spot for a good rest, after
the convention, and offers the attractions
of Fortress Monroe, Hampton Institute,
and side trips to Norfolk as well as many
water excursions. Leaving Old Point it is
the intention to proceed by day steamer to
Richmond, giving opportunity to stop at
Jamestown Island and see the remains of
the original settlement there. It is planned
to spend two days in Richmond, and to re-
turn to Washington by rail. Cost of this
trip will be about $30 for six days. Party
due back in Washington Friday afternoon,
June 5.
PUBLICITY
The publicity committee of the A. L. A.
(Messrs. F. C. Hicks, W. H. Kerr and G.
F. Bowerman) are hard at work planning
for wide publicity for the Washington con-
ference and its program features. A prac-
tical newspaper publicity man has been en-
gaged to work up articles for the press in
advance of the conference and to devote
his entire time to the Association work the
week of the conference. Efforts will be
296
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[April, 1914
made to secure papers and reports in ad-
vance of the meeting from all participants
in the program and chairmen of commit-
tees. These will be duplicated and sent out
either in whole or in abstract to the press
to be released on the date of delivery. Li-
brarians can help this publicity work by
sending either to the secretary of the Asso-
ciation or to George F. Bowerman, Public
Library, Washington, any facts of news in-
terest pertaining to library work.
Every librarian should personally inter-
view the editor of his home city paper and
urgently request that the paper's Washing-
ton correspondent be instructed to "cover"
the A. L. A. Conference, May 25-29.
Washington will furnish exceptional op-
portunities for publicity. Every newspaper
of consequence in the country has its rep-
resentative in Washington, who is in-
structed to "cover" all features of general
interest at the national capital, and this
representative will report the A. L. A. Con-
ference to his home paper if he is in-
structed to do so.
See that he is instructed.
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF LAW
LIBRARIES
THE annual meeting of the American
Association of Law Libraries will be held
in Washington, D. C, May 25 to 30.
Headquarters will be at the New Ebbitt
House.
It is proposed to hold the sessions of the
association early in the week, so that those
present may have ample time to attend the
meetings of the American Library Asso-
ciation and the National Association of
State Libraries, and visit the many points
of interest in the national capital.
It is impossible to detail the program at
this time, but it is expected that opportunity
will be given to study the workings of cer-
tain of the institutions in Washington
which concern those who have to do with
the practice of the law. At least three bulle-
tins will be issued before the meeting,
which will be sent to the members and to
all others interested. These bulletins will
contain full information, and it is requested
that all who are in any way interested in
our proceedings send their names and ad-
dresses to Miss G. E. Woodard, secretary
of the association, Law Library, Univer-
sity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich., who
will see that the bulletins are duly for-
warded.
NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF
SCHOOL LIBRARIANS
THE time and place are right for a large
meeting of school librarians in connection
with the A. L. A. Conference, to be held
at Washington, D. C., the last week in
May.
Three meetings of school librarians will
be held, — a general meeting, and High
School and Normal School round tables for
informal discussion. It is hoped that Dr.
Glaxton and other educational leaders will
speak at the general school library meet-
ing. Recent progress in school library
work, also cooperation of librarians with
the National Council of Teachers of Eng-
lish and with the Department of Superin-
tendence of the N. E. A. will be reported
upon. Mr. Kerr, Miss Hall, Miss Hadley
and other school library leaders will be
present.
These meetings will probably be held on
Friday, the general meeting on the morn-
ing and Round Tables on the evening of
May 29. A dinner of school librarians will
be planned for the day of the meeting.
An exhibit of school library helps and
methods will be made with the cooperation,
it is hoped, of Dr. Claxton.
IDA M. MENDENHALL,
Chairman of Committee.
THE NEW PRUSSIAN
LIBRARY
ROYAL
IN the presence of the Kaiser and most
of the celebrated men in German art, sci-
ence and letters, the new Prussian Royal
Library, a stately pile of Silesian sand-
stone, occupying the biggest city block in
all Berlin, was dedicated March 22.
The library, which fronts the north si'1"
of Unter-den-Linden, between the Char-
April, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
297
lotten and University Strassen, represents
a cost of $5,000,000. It has taken nine
years to build it.
Although at present it houses only
1,500,000 books, it has been designed for
the centuries to come with a maximum
capacity of 5,000,000 volumes.
The director is the famous theologian
and friend of the Kaiser, Professor Otto
Harnack. The designer is Privy Counci-
lor Dr. Ernst E. von Ihne, the Court ar-
chitect. He also is a great personal friend
of the Emperor, and represented his Ma-
jesty at the inauguration of the Carnegie
Institute at Pittsburgh a few years ago.
The new Royal Library, which stands
on historic ground hallowed by memories
of Frederick the Great — on part of the plot
stood the elaborate royal mews, which
Frederick established and which all his
successors maintained — is a splendid spe-
cimen of Palladian Renaissance. A fea-
ture of the exterior is a series of sitting
statues of the most renowned men in liter-
ature, the arts, and the sciences. Over the
main entrance in Unter-den-Linden is a
cluster of three heroic medallions, with the
Kaiser in the middle, flanked by Frederick
the Great and Emperor William I. In the
middle of each front is a recess covered
with rich sculpture. The recess on the
Unter-den-Linden side is embellished with
a beautiful tympanum representing the
Triumph of Apollo.
The Royal Library is said to have the
most up-to-date equipment, especially in ap-
paratus for the rapid handling of books.
Dr. von Ihne admits that he has learned
much in this respect in New York and
Washington. The library handles, on an
average, 2,000 books a day, many of which
are lent for outside use.
REPORT OF THE NEW YORK
PUBLIC LIBRARY FOR 1913
DURING the year the work of the library
has made steady progress. The resources
of the library have naturally been increased
both by gift and by purchase; through ad-
ditions to and changes in the staff there
has been a gradual improvement in the
efficiency of the staff and a consequent gain
in the facility with which the library may
be utilized by the public; and readers of
New York City and elsewhere have more
generally recognized their opportunity to
use the library.
In the central building nearly 50,000
books and over 65,000 pamphlets were
added, making a total of 1,227,309 volumes
and pamphlets available for use in the
building. There were also added to cen-
tral building collections 75,194 prints, about
14,000 maps, 351 newspapers, American
and foreign, and 7,775 different current
periodicals. Nearly a million volumes have
been added to the circulation department
for use in the branches, making the whole
number of books and pamphlets belonging
to the library 2,191,498.
In the central building there were 2,102,-
824 visitors or readers, an average of 5,761
daily. Of these 526,682 were actual read-
ers who consulted 1,685, 71 5. volumes. From
the forty branch libraries 8,320,144 vol-
umes were issued for home use, an increase
of 350,480 over the number issued in 1912.
The total expenditures for the calendar
year were $1,230,343.33, of which $504,-
489.64 was for the reference department,
and $725,853.69 was for the circulation de-
partment. Of the reference department
expenditures $64,370.12, or 13 per cent, was
for books, binding and periodicals, and
$327,973.82, or 65 per cent., for salaries.
The city appropriated $666,548.62 toward
the expenses of the circulation department.
In this department $189,057.12, or 13 per
cent, of the total income, was for books,
binding and periodicals, and $418,208.44, or
58 per cent., for salaries.
At the close of the year there were 1,046
persons on the staff of the library; 467
in the reference department and 579 in the
circulation department.
The use of the American history divi-
sion, with which are administered the
rooms containing the collections of manu-
scripts, maps, early printed books and
those of special rarity or value, increased
over 50 per cent, during 1913. A marked
increase in the use of the extensive collec-
tions of early American newspapers was
noted.
In the art and prints division there were
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[April, 1914
^5,434 readers who consulted 73,846 vol-
umes, an increase in readers of 28 per
-cent, and in volumes used of 18 per cent.
The general art collection has been kept
up, but more special literature of painting
is left to the Metropolitan Museum of
Art, and that of architecture to the Avery
Library at Columbia. The music division
received an interesting gift from Mrs.
Joachim Andersen, of the programs of
2400 orchestral concerts, conducted by the
late Joachim Andersen, the Danish con-
ductor, bound in fourteen volumes. The
collection of the division is mainly of his-
torical value, since limited appropriations
have made it impossible to add many mu-
sic publications of the last fifty years.
In the economics division the number
of readers increased nearly 58 per cent.
In the documents division reference work
was only begun with the opening of the
new building, in 1911. During that year
1563 readers used the department, while
in 1913 the readers numbered 7596. A
good deal of reference work in this divi-
sion is done by telephone.
In the science division there were 18,137
readers, an increase of 78 per cent, over
1912. This increase is partly due to an
extension of hours, the room now being
open until 10 every evening. In the tech-
nology and patents rooms 40,803 readers
were served. An increasing interest in the
literature of mining and metallurgy and
of moving pictures, is noted, and in con-
trast, an apparent lack of interest in
aeronautics.
The oriental division now contains
I5.572 volumes. The books dealing with an-
cient Egypt were most in demand for re-
search work, while many Orientals living
in New York use the collections in mod-
ern oriental tongues. Use of the Jewish
and Slavonic divisions has increased large-
ly-
During the year 125,763 readers called
for periodicals in the periodical room,
•using 438,128 periodicals. Classified as to
subject, periodicals on technology (includ-
ing trade journals), were most popular,
followed by literature, art. archreology,
and the stage, and economics. In the news-
paper room 351 newspapers, American and
foreign, are received regularly. Of these
237 are published in the United States.
During the year 68,981 readers filed slips
for bound volumes or papers not on the
racks. As a test of the total use of the
room a count was kept the last week of the
year. This count recorded 7834 persons
entering the room, of whom 1945 filed slips,
and 5889 used papers on the racks.
The most important gift of the year
was the collection of 158 books (203 vol-
umes) from the library of William Au-
gustus Spencer, who was lost on the "Ti-
tanic." The books are largely by modern
French writers, and are remarkable chief-
ly for their fine illustrations and bindings.
The library has made a systematic effort
to complete its files of the sessions laws
of the states from 1860 to date, and has
purchased the latest directories of the prin-
cipal cities, as well as many trade and
business directories.
The catalogs of the reference depart-
ment now contain 5,079,818 cards, of which
2,269,638 are in the public catalog room,
1,184,239 in the official catalog in the catal-
oging room, and 1,625,941 in the various
special reading rooms. During the year
58,895 volumes, 47,223 pamphlets, and 43
maps were handled by the cataloging divi-
sion.
Exhibitions have been held in the main
exhibition room of the literature of spelling
reform and shorthand, in connection with
the centenary of Isaac Pitman's birth; a
collection of early books and prints relat-
ing to railways ; a selection from the Spen-
cer collection; a large display of material
on city planning; and illustrations of the
progress of writing and book-making from
the earliest times among oriental nations
and in western Europe down to the six-
teenth century. In the print gallery and
the Stuart room interesting displays of
prints, etchings and engravings have been
shown.
The library printing office now does tV
printing for the entire library system, in-
cluding publications, catalog cards and sta-
tionery forms, while the library bindery
April, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
299
handles a considerable portion of the bind-
ing' done.
Excluding the Travelling Libraries office,
which shows an increase in circulation of
98,045 over 1912, twenty-nine branches
show gains amounting to 356,976, while
twelve branches show losses of 104,541.
New registration at the branches amounted
to 135,377, of whom 72,618 were adults, and
62,759 were children.
Reading room attendance at the branches
in general shows a decrease, the total for
the year being 1,091,616, a loss of 34,527.
In a number of branches the hour of clos-
ing is now 10 o'clock instead of 9. The
best use of reading rooms is seen on the
lower east side, where students have few
opportunities elsewhere for study.
The Library for the Blind circulated 23,-
325 volumes, 8918 going to residents of
Greater New York and the remainder to
surrounding states. Thirty-seven states
and the District of Columbia have drawn
on this library. Books are issued in New
York point, European Braille, American
Braille, and Moon type; music in New
York point and Braille. European Braille
was recommended as the basis for a
standard type by the Uniform Type Com-
mittee in its last report.
The Travelling Libraries have sent col-
lections to fire and police department sta-
tions, schools public and private, business
stations, community libraries. Sunday
schools, Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A.
buildings, factories, and home libraries.
With a collection of 76,421 volumes there
have been issued 919,159 volumes.
The work with children grows steadily.
The circulation was 3,006,603 volumes,
against 2,959,044 in 1912, and this does not
include circulation to children through the
traveling libraries. This increased circula-
tion has worn out the books till there is a
serious shortage, and a building tip of the
collections is the greatest need for 1914.
The visits from public school classes to
branches has been extended at the request
of teachers, and story telling and club work
has grown, picture-book story hours help-
ing the "little mothers" who are obliged
to bring their younger brothers with them.
Radiopticons are installed in several
branches and occasional illustrated travel
talks are given to the various clubs.
More educational, literary and welfare
societies are using the assembly rooms in
branch buildings for their meetings, and
the branches are taking active part in the
work of neighborhood associations in va-
rious sections of the city. The branches
act as agencies for the New York State
Education Department for the distribution
of lantern slides on various educational
subjects. A systematic effort has been
made to collect and preserve negatives of
photographs of branch libraries and of
various activities carried on in them and
in the main building, and from these neg-
atives a collection of 449 stereopticon
slides have been made. Twenty-seven lec-
tures have been given, illustrated by selec-
tions from these slides.
The Beard of Education has given 120
free lectures in branch libraries, at which
the attendance totalled 21,493.
The recommendation of the medical
officer submitted in the fall of 1912 for a
better arrangement of hours for the cir-
culation staff, was put into effect the first
of the year, and results have proved it
beneficial. Work done has been better,
and there have been fewer absences.
In the Library School sixteen seniors
received diplomas, and forty juniors the
school certificate. The report of the Li-
brary School has already been reviewed in
the LIBRARY JOURNAL.
The death of Dr. John S. Billings, the
director of the library since 1896, occurred
on March n. A memorial service was
held in the central building April 25, at
which Dr. S. Weir Mitchell, Sir William
Osier, Dr. William H. Welch, Mr. Andrew
Carnegie, Mr. R. R. Bowker, and Mr. John
L. Cadwalader paid tribute to the high rank
in many fields of the late director. Mr.
Edwin H. Anderson, who had been assis-
tant director since June, 1908, was, on May
14, elected director to succeed Dr. Billings.
LEARNING hath gained most by those
books by which the printers have lost.— J.
FULLER, in "Of books/'
300
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[April, 1914
THE BI-STATE CONFERENCE AT
ATLANTIC CITY
ABOUT two hundred were present at the
eighteenth annual meeting of the Pennsyl-
vania Library Club and the New Jersey
Library Association, held at the Hotel
Chelsea, in Atlantic City, March 6 and 7.
Following the custom inaugurated last year,
the New Jersey Association held a short
business meeting Friday afternoon preced-
ing the joint session, at which Miss Sarah
B. Askew, of Trenton, president of the
association, presided. Reading of the sec-
retary's and treasurer's reports was waived,
inasmuch as they will be printed in the
Bulletin. A nominating committee con-
sisting of Miss Norma Bennett, of Mad-
ison, chairman; Miss Edna B. Pratt, of
Trenton, and Thomas F. Hatfield, of Ho-
boken, was appointed by the chair. This
committee made its report at the close of
the Saturday morning session, when it
brought in the following ticket, which was
unanimously elected: president, Howard L.
Hughes, of the Trenton Public Library;
first vice-president, Miss Margaret Mc-
Vety, of the Newark Public Library; sec-
ond vice-president, E. W. Miller, Jersey
City Public Library : secretary, Miss Lynda
Phillips, Chatham Public Library; treas-
urer, Miss Mary G. Peters, Bayonne Public
Library.
A number of librarians especially quali-
fied to give advice on special subjects were
ready at certain hours each day to answer
any questions put to them on their topics.
The list of these "advisers" was at follows:
Cataloging, Miss Agnes Van Valkenburgh,
Library School of the New York Public
Library; Reference work, Miss Julia A.
Hopkins, Pratt Institute Library School;
Information department, Miss Anna A.
MacDonald, Pennsylvania Free Library
Commission; Book selection, Miss Corinne
Bacon, director of the Drexel Institute Li-
brary School; Children's work, Miss Julia
F. Carter, New York Public Library;
School work in small towns, Miss Agnes
Miller, Princeton Public Library; Re-bind-
ing and repairing of books, Miss Rose
Murray, supervisor of binding, New York
Public Library; Treatment of magazines,
pamphlets and ephemeral material, Miss
Louise G. Hinsdale, librarian East Orange
Free Public Library.
The first speaker at the Friday afternoon
session was Miss Louise Connolly, of the
Newark Public Library, whose topic was
"Our rivals, the movies." Miss Connolly
convulsed her hearers at the start by her
inimitable description of a girl she knew
who spent her whole life in a round of
petty details. This girl had in her room
five books— her Bible, in which she read
one chapter each day and three on Sunday,
two books kept because they were Christ-
mas presents, and two others set apart on
the mantel. Asked why these were not
with the others, she said she kept them
separate because she was reading those,
and she wanted to be sure nobody touched
the markers. Otherwise she couldn't find
.the place and would have to begin them
again ! This girl, Miss Connolly said, had
"a still-born soul," and was typical of a
fairly large proportion of every commun-
ity, being utterly incapable of getting an
idea out of a book or of following any line
of thought to its conclusion. Such people
were as truly illiterate as those who could
not read the words of the printed page at
all, and in their present condition the li-
brary could do little for them.
Then there was the class of people, few
in numbers but enormously influential in
the community, who owned, and used, their
own libraries, and had little need of the
public library. A slightly larger class, but
still numerically only a small portion of
the population, knew books and used the
public library freely and intelligently. All
the rest, or more than half the average
community, needed to be taught its value
and purpose.
With the present enormous vogue of the
moving picture shows a large body of this
last class, as well as the class typified by
the girl described, is kept from the library.
This the decrease in circulation clearly
shows. The "movies" make their appeal
through the rapidity with which the plot
of the story is carried along and the ex-
aggerated emphasis with which its differ-
ent points are brought out. In short it is
a "kindergarten for the initiation of these
April, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
301
people into the region of emotional ex-
perience."
By cooperating with the ''movies" the li-
brary in time might be able to grade the
work so that a short and simple love story
might be heard or read with understand-
ing. The repetition of the visual presenta-
tion of the idea possible in a motion pic-
ture would help to make its meaning clear.
Libraries having moving picture ma-
chines, as at St. Joseph, Mo., make the
"movie" a help instead of a rival; after
showing a story they can, with some cer-
tainty of its appreciation, offer it in book
form. Moreover, the atmosphere of the
library will have its unconscious influence
on the people first attracted there only by
the pictures.
Where it is not possible for a library to
have its own picture machine, Miss Con-
nolly would have the librarian enlist the
cooperation of the proprietor of the mo-
tion picture theater to show slides adver-
tising the library in brief but catchy sen-
tences at the close of its regular perform-
ance; or, in the case of a reel showing
the dramatization of some standard work,
stating that the book may be obtained at
the public library.
Following Miss Connolly, Miss Lutie E.
Stearns, of the Wisconsin Library Com-
mission, gave an address on 'The library
militant." The library should be made in-
viting to all, the practice of requiring guar-
antors on every card abolished, the public
encouraged to take as many books at a
time as could be used. The librarian should
know as many people in the community as
possible, for people are much more likely
to come to a friend than to a stranger for
information and help. The present way of
living, moving pictures, the craze for danc-
ing and cards, the trade journals provided
by business firms for their employes, and
the whole system of modern recreation, all
distract the attention of people from the
public libraries. The library, if it is to
maintain its prestige, must become aggres-
sive. When the great problem of the day
is the reform of systems of government,
the library should not be content to be a
repository of pure literature, but should
have the latest publications on methods of
government, in an endeavor to help the
people solve their problem. The librarian
should visit the moving picture theaters in
the community and investigate the charac-
ter of the films. If the cheap stories so
often depicted can be replaced by such
films as the "Odyssey," "Hamlet," "Evan-
geline" and "Lancelot and Elaine," the
"movie" may become a distinct influence
for good. Such films, with those showing
world events and scenes in foreign lands,
may make the moving picture theater, es-
pecially if used in conjunction with the
public library, the poor man's univer-
sity. The General Film Company, hav-
ing offices at the corner of Sixth avenue
and 23d street, New York City, will supply
many such films. An Edison machine suit-
able for libraries can be bought for $65,
an aluminum screen to put around it for
$6, and films for from $2.50 to $5. These
can be exchanged for 30 cents, or 90 cents
for extra long films.
Miss Stearns freely criticised the Car-
negie Corporation for the restrictions it
puts on the use of the buildings it gives.
Many small towns have no recreational
center except the saloon, and she felt that
the inclusion in the library building of
bowling alleys, a gymnasium, billiard and
pool tables, or even a kitchen and dining
room where clubs might meet, according
to the needs of the town, would be a dis-
tinct advantage to the community and no
detriment to the library. She advocated
public dances, properly managed, in the
auditoriums, and also the organization of
community choruses in the library. "Bet-
ter have a hundred happy people in the
auditorium than three in the reading room,"
is her statement of her policy. She told
of a men's lounging room in the library of
one town, which is largely used by railroad
men. A telephone in the room summons
them to their runs, and the railroad, ap-
preciating the benefit to its employes, gives
$300 annually for the support of the room.
In Toronto for years there has been a
room in the basement for the use of the
unemployed, where they may read or rest.
This was contrasted with the practice in
many large libraries of taking away the
chairs from the newspaper racks, "to pre-
302
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[April, 1914
vent the patrons from staying too long,"
thus antagonizing the very people they
should try to help. "The worth of a li-
brary, as of a book, lies in its use," was
Miss Stearns' closing word.
Some five-minute talks followed. The
first, by Miss Mabel R. Haines, librarian
of the Summit (N. J.) Public Library, was
on the "Possibilities of the exhibit in a
small library." The power of an exhibi-
tion is swift, dynamic, direct. It forms an
excellent way of reaching the community,
especially if the book collection is poor.
The local history exhibit recently held in
Summit, already described in the Decem-
ber LIBRARY JOURNAL, was specially suc-
cessful, resulting in an unexpected accumu-
lation of good material, an increased in-
terest on the part of the schools, and a
considerable impetus to public spirit.
Following Miss Haines, Miss Adele
Lupton, of Rahway, spoke on the "Social
activities of the library," as exemplified in
her own library, where the library, besides
the usual talks and lists, has cooperated
with the high school in editing its paper,
with the health department in circulating
the milk reports, with lovers of gardening
by circulation of flower and seed catalogs
and the holding of flower shows, and with
enthusiasts for education and the stage by
advertising all meetings of educational
value and by circulating the bulletins of
the Drama League, of which the library is
a member.
Howard L. Hughes, librarian of the Free
Public Library of Trenton, brought the
session to a close with a few words on
"Self-circulation." He said the librarian
should try to circulate his books two times,
but himself four times. It was advan-
tageous to become acquainted with as many
people of as many classes as possible. The
librarian should help every sound move-
ment in the community, and should try to
become personally acquainted with every
promoter of the public welfare, since per-
sonal acquaintance always makes for freer
intercourse. In short the librarian should
"try to be as human as our human limita-
tions will permit."
At the Friday evening session Thomas
L. Montgomery, state librarian of Pennsyl-
vania, presided. He spoke briefly of the
regret felt by all at the recent announce-
ment of the proposed discontinuance of
the Drexel Institute Library School at the
close of the present year, and said that a
meeting was to be held in Philadelphia
March 20 to decide the fate of the grad-
uating class. After a five-minute talk by
Albert J. Edmunds, of the Historical So-
ciety of Pennsylvania, on the value of the
international alphabet invented by Paul
Passy, of Paris, the speaker of the even-
ing, J. Liberty Tadd, was introduced.
Mr. Tadd is director of the Public In-
dustrial Arts School of Philadelphia, and
in his talk on "Art in education" he
showed most amazing results of the appli-
cation of his ideas. Mr. Tadd believes that
success in life depends more on the phys-
ical and mental energy possessed by the in-
dividual than on the amount of informa-
tion that can be absorbed in a given length
of time. Through repetition of certain
"refined, skilful, delicate, accurate move-
ments" a sufficient number of times the
motions become automatically perfect and
stimulate and energize the brain.
During the period of the child's growth,
from the sixth to the fourteenth year, Mr.
Tadd pleads for a few hours each week
for this training. In his school every
pupil is required to draw, design, model in
clay, paint, and carve, for the sake of the
development received, and in apparently
every case with successful results. They
learn to use both hands with equal ease
and to make the most intricate figures bal-
ance without the use of tools. A large
number of interesting slides of the chil-
dren's work were shown, and the lecture
was also illustrated with rapid sketches on
the blackboard.
On motion of Robert P. Bliss, of the
Free Library Commission of Pennsylvania,
a committee of three was appointed to
draw up resolutions expressing the regret
of the two associations at the passing of
the Drexel Institute Library School. Reso-
lutions from the University of Pennsyl-
vania on the same subject were read and
referred to this committee.
The second session opened Saturday
morning at II o'clock, with Miss Askew
4prilf
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
303'
residing. Miss Alice S. Tyler, director
>f Western Reserve University. Library
school, gave a most stimulating talk.
In discussing "The necessary qualifica-
ions for a librarian," Miss Tyler said in
substance that the long list of requisites
isually given contained many that were
equally sought in other professions and
vocations, and that the personal qualities
ind attitude toward the work, termed the
'library spirit," deserved a broader inter-
relation, as a world-spirit of social ser-
vice. The general qualities which are in
iemand in library work and elsewhere,
vhich go toward successful work, have
nuch to do with the personal relations li-
)rarians must bear to the various classes of
)eople using books. There are certain spe-
:ial requirements which are distinctive to
ibrary work, over and above the engaging
personal qualities and general education and
culture which are in such general demand,
md for this reason special training was
•equired, hence the library schools.
The functions of formal library training
lave been clearly set forth many times by
:hose identified with the work, hence the
nost obvious one need only be mentioned,
viz., Training in the methods and tech-
lique of acquiring, assembling, handling,
md distributing collections of books,
)romptly, accurately and expeditiously — in
Dther words, classification, cataloging, ad-
ministration, trade bibliography, etc. This
s accepted as essential in preparation for
effective library work, though opinions dif-
fer as to how much time should be given
:o this distinctly technical training. The
second item in preparation for the work is
a specialized knowledge of the contents of
jooks. The broad acquaintance with books
must be supplemented by specific knowl-
?dge. Some few people manifest a sort of
intuitive book sense, but this is rare. To
interpret books to those who "are entering
with hesitation into paths that may lead to
wider fields" requires more than simply a
love of reading. The third requirement
which calls for special preparation is a
knowledge of social conditions, community
interests and economic influences surround-
ing the people the library is to serve; and
specifically an acquaintance with the hand-
icaps and obstacles that probably intervene
between the individual and the printed page,
which prevent many people from coming
into personal touch with their library, and
methods of overcoming these obstacles. To
relate the library to the organized social
forces of to-day is an important task, and
librarians are becoming keenly alive to the
opportunity. With the widening horizon
of social service may we not accept a new
classification of our vocation as that of
social workers, the field for which is set
forth in such an inspiring and comprehen-
sive way by Dr. Edward T. Devine in the
preface to his "Spirit of social work," ad-
dressed "To social workers."
This conception of library work does
not leave out of account the fundamental
thought of the library as an important part
of our educational system, and indeed the
schools themselves are responding to the
social appeal. Recent educational writers
are laying much stress on the fact that edu-
cation is a social process, a social enter-
prise. Educational work of any kind can-
not mean isolation, but must relate itself
to the best interests and activities of the
community. Enthusiasm for people — for
human beings — must be an important fac-
tor in this work, as it is in all the varied
activities of social service. Even though
our ideal of service be a myth it is worth
while, if we accept Sorel's definition of a
myth as "the imaginative and intoxicating
symbol which inspires men's souls and
causes enthusiasm."
Following Miss Tyler's address Edmund
Pearson, "the librarian" of the Boston
Transcript, gave a talk on "Book verse and
other verse," which was chiefly a reading
of some selected poems. After a brief and
humorous "recipe" for the making of book
verse, Mr. Pearson read two poems by
Austin Dobson, "To a missal of the thir-
teenth century" and "The bookworm" ; "In
a library" and two brief verses, each en-
titled "A book," by Emily Dickinson ; "The
land of story-books," by Robert Louis
Stevenson; "Dibdin's ghost," by Eugene
Field; a ballad recounting the history of
one John Jenkins; "A society wander-
.304
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[April, 1914
i-cmg," taken from Life; and "A modern
martyrdom," by Sam Walter Foss, late li-
brarian at Somerville.
In a second brief business meeting of the
New Jersey Association, held at the close
of Mr. Pearson's reading, the oiticers for
the coming year were elected and a com-
mittee was appointed to draw up resolu-
tions on the death of Mr. Kimball.
The third session was held Saturday
evening, and was presided over by Dr. Hill.
Before introducing the speakers Dr, Hill
paid tribute to the work of Mr. Kimball,
for so long time a trustee of the endow-
ment fund of the A. L. A., a trustee of the
Passaic Public Library, and a member of
the state library commission. Dr. Hill
said that Mr. Kimball's interest dated back
to the organization of the Passaic Public
Library in 1885, since which time his en-
thusiasm and care had never diminished.
The first speaker, Prof. Max Eastman,
asked the question, "Are you poetic or
practical?" He held that "we would all
have more fun if we were more poetic, and
that we are more poetic than we think."
He said a simple test for discovering the
proportion of poetic souls is to watch the
crowd on a ferryboat and observe how
many stay outside to enjoy the sights of the
river and how many go inside to think
about what they will do when they get
across. Children are poetic because they
haven't yet been trained to be practical,
and it is only when they are made to learn
poetry as a punishment that they begin to
regard it as a mere "collection of words
and phrases carefully trained to slip
through the mind without enough friction
to arouse any thought or imagination." To
be poetic is to be childlike, to be natural.
Discussing the qualities of words, Prof.
Eastman said that slang is partly practical
and partly poetic, mostly the latter, and
defined poetry as the art of giving to
any article or act a name that brings out
or suggests its intrinsic quality.
Prof. Eastman was followed by Dr. Max
Muller, of the University of Pennsylvania,
who gave an illustrated lecture on "The
writings of the ancient Egyptians," in
M^iich he traced the writings from 4000
years before Christ.
Mr. Faxon announced the travel plans
of the A. L. A. so far as perfected, for
the Leipsic exposition, the conference at
Oxford, and the convention at Washing-
ton, with post-conference trip to Old Point
Comfort and up the James river to Rich-
mond.
The session closed with the reading of
the following resolutions:
Your committee, composed of a member of the
Pennsylvania Free Library Commission, an alumna of
the Drexcl Library School, and a principal of another
library school, offers the following resolution:
Whereas, It has been announced that the Drexel
Institute Library School is to be closed at the end of
this school year after twenty-two years of honorable
record, and
Whereas, This school during this period has not
only trained satisfactorily candidates for library posi-
tions, but has by this means aided greatly in the ele-
vation of the library profession as a whole, and
Whereas, In the present condition of library service
more instead of fewer well trained persons are
needed; therefore, be it
Resolved, That the discontinuance of any satisfac-
tory library school is a distinct loss to the profession,
and
Further resolved, That this association learns with
regret of the disassociation of the Drexel Institute Li-
brary School from Drexel Institute, and hopes that
the school may be resumed somewhere without loss
of continuity^ and with whatever measure of identity
may be possible.
(Signed) ANNA A. MACDONALD.
SARAH C. N. BOGLE.
MARY W. PLUMMER.
The trustees and staff of the Atlantic
City Free Public Library entertained the
delegates at a tea in the library building
Saturday afternoon from four to six. The
reception was held in the club room and
refreshments served in the museum ad-
joining, both rooms being made attractive
with cut flowers and palms. The Drexel
delegation, some sixty in all, held a dinner
Saturday night, while the party from New
York occupied another table. Pratt Insti-
tute representatives gathered together Sun-
day at lunch, and there were many infor-
mal luncheon and dinner parties. In spite
of the bad weather Friday and Saturday
the boardwalk had many visitors, and by
Sunday Atlantic City had redeemed its
reputation for blue skies and balmy air.
F. A. H.
IT is obvious that the library cannot
stand still. It cannot simply mark time. Its
appropriations must be increased, and its
work increased, or it will surely fall be-
hind. There is no such thing as a station-
ary efficient library of any kind. — Trustees'
report. Massachusetts State Library, 1913.
April, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
305
GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS TO BE
SOLD THROUGH BOOKSTORES
THE attention of the committee on
federal and state relations was called
by the librarian of the University of
Illinois to the fact that under the interpre-
tation, by the Government Printing Office,
of the statute relating to the distribution of
public documents, the Superintendent of
Documents states that he is not allowed
to sell public documents to book stores or
magazine agencies. The committee prompt-
ly addressed letters to the chairmen of the
Senate and House Committees on Print-
ing, namely, Senator Duncan U. Fletcher,
of Florida, and Representative Henry A.
Barnhart, of Indiana, requesting that the
statute be amended in this respect. We
suggest that librarians throughout the coun-
try cooperate, according to their opportu-
nity, with the committee in endeavoring to
achieve this alteration of the statute. Such
sale of public documents to book stores
and magazine agencies will be a conven-
ience to libraries which procure all their
publications through an agent, and will be
of great educational benefit to the general
public. The provisions of the law which it
is desired to amend prohibit the Superin-
tendent of Documents from selling more
than one copy of any government publica-
tion to a person or firm dealing in govern-
ment publications for profit.
* * *
The tariff act of Oct. 3, 1913, makes the
following provision with reference to the
importation of books by public libraries:
Article 427. "Books, maps, music, en-
gravings, photographs, etchings, litho-
graphic prints, and charts, especially im-
ported, not more than two copies in any
one invoice, in good faith, for the use and
by order of any society or institution in-
corporated or established solely for relig-
ious, philosophical, educational, scientific,
or literary purposes, or for the encourage-
ment of the fine arts, or for the use and
by order of any college, academy, school
or seminary of learning in the United
States, or any state or public library, and
not for sale, subject to such regulations
as the Secretary of the Treasury shall pre-
scribe."
BERNARD C. STEINER, Chairman.
CARNEGIE CORPORATION LIBRA-
RY GIFTS— FEBRUARY, 1914
ORIGINAL GIFTS, UNITED STATES
Armour, South Dakota $7,500
Humansville, Missouri 5,ooo
Sacramento, California 100,000
Waveland Town and Brown Town-
ship, Indiana 10,000
Waynesboro, Virginia 8,000
$130,500
INCREASE, UNITED STATES
Thorntown Town and Sugar Creek
Township, Indiana $4,000
ORIGINAL GIFT, CANADA
Mimico, Ontario - $7,500
INCREASES, CANADA
Guelph, Ontario $8,000
Winnipeg, Manitoba (2 branches). 70,000
$78,000
OTHER GIFTS, ORIGINAL
Curepipe, Mauritius £1,800
A REQUEST FOR SUGGESTIONS
"ONE reason why so few cities have re-
ceived formal reports from delegates to
educational and other conventions is that
meetings seem to count for less than
meeting."
So says Dr. Allen, of the New York Bu-
reau of Municipal Research, who then pro-
ceeds in a recent issue of his "Efficient
citizenship" leaflet to lay out a group of
"lobby questions," applicable to school su-
perintendents at their Richmond meeting
the last week in February. A member of
the A. L. A. inquires whether a similar
plan could not be successfully worked at
the Washington conference. We believe
it could.
Here is the way Dr. Allen has worked
it out as illustrated by a couple of ques-
tions taken at random :
306
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[April, 1914
"Systematic instruction of parents in
helping schools — ask Superintendent
Horn, of Houston.
"Outside cooperation with rural schools
— ask State Superintendents Preston, of
Washington, and Miller, of Ohio."
Have you any questions in library work
that you would like to have answered?
If so, send the questions to A. L. A.
headquarters.
Has your library solved some problem
or undertaken some enterprise that you
think would be interesting and valuable to
your colleagues?
Send in a brief statement about it to
headquarters, with permission for us to
print it and refer inquiries to you, as in the
above two illustrations from Dr. Allen's
list.
We will compile the questions and hints
sent in and print them in the May Bulletin
of the A. L. A., and when you get to
Washington you will doubtless find a
chance to have a "lobby conference" with
the one who can help you to answer your
question. GEORGE B. UTLEY.
A NEW INFORMATION BUREAU
THE Index Office, 31 W. Lake street,
Chicago, has been incorporated for the pur-
pose of indexing, compiling and abstract-
ing literary and statistical material for the
use of manufacturers, scientists and inves-
tigators.
Aksel G. S. Josephson, secretary of the
office, announces that the office is pre-
pared through experts and assistants to
undertake searches in the libraries, mu-
seums, files and records of Chicago, and
through connections with libraries, mu-
seums, laboratories, research institutes, etc.,
in other places, to undertake similar work
elsewhere.
It intends to collect in its rooms infor-
mation about available sources of informa-
tion, collections, catalogs, directories, etc.,
and will undertake to furnish at reasonable
rates bibliographies, indexes, abstracts and
translations, as well as photographic re-
productions of written and printed mate-
rial.
The office will also act as an interme-
diary between those who have information
of a specialized character to impart, and
those who seek such information.
Membership is obtained by paying an an-
nual fee of $5, and life membership is ob-
tained by paying once for all a sum of $100.
Zibran?
CONNECTICUT LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
On Friday, Feb. 27, Dr. John G. Stanton,
vice-president of the trustees of the New Lon-
don Public Library, welcomed the Connec-
ticut Library Association to New London.
The morning address was made by Presi-
dent Frederick Henry Sykes, of the Connecti-
cut College for Women. Dr. Sykes pointed
out that the colleges of our day are still fol-
lowing the old type of education, while the
world has gone ahead. Recognizing that li-
brary work has become in large part a wom-
an's vocation, he plans to incorporate a broad
course of systematic library training in the
curriculum of his college. Miss Colt, of Stam-
ford ; Miss Sperry, of Waterbury ; Miss Davis,
Miss Foley, and Miss Hewins, of Hartford,
and Miss Rockwell, of New Britain, took
part in the discussion which followed.
The meeting then adjourned for luncheon,
which was served in the Mohican Hotel.
The afternoon session opened with Mr.
Gutzon Borglum's interesting paper in which
he defined "Insurgency in art" as an insist-
ence on saying in our own way things that we
ourselves think. He pleaded that artists of
our time should interpret our own history and
experience instead of depending upon Greek
and Roman subjects for inspiration.
Miss Harriet S. Wright, of the New Britain
Institute, next spoke upon the use of pictures
in the children's room. Miss Wright illus-
trated her lecture with many charming samples
of illustrations which have found favor with
the children of her library.
The reports of the secretary and treasurer
were read and accepted, after which Mrs.
Johnson outlined the work of the library sum-
mer school. Mrs. Johnson stated that, thanks
to the help of our association, without which
the school must have been discontinued, better
work was done than ever before. Next sum-
mer the work will be resumed in connection
with the Danbury Normal School.
A telegram was sent to Mr. John Pickens,
librarian at Thompsonville, Conn., upon the
April, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
307
opening of the new library building on the
evening of Feb. 27. Resolutions of sympathy
were also directed to be sent to Dr. E. C.
Richardson, in connection with the death of
Miss Mary A. Richardson, a charter member
of our association and its secretary for four
years.
Officers for the following year were elected
as follows : president, Mr. Charles S. Thayer,
of the Hartford Theological Seminary; vice-
presidents, Dr. John G. Stanton of New Lon-
don, Rev. Storrs O. Seymour of Litchfield,
Mrs. Godard of Wallingford, Miss Mary E.
Clark of Westbrook, and Mr. B. W. Daniel-
son of Danielson ; secretary, Miss Edith McH.
Steele, of Waterbury; treasurer, Miss Lillian
M. Stedman, of Suffield.
After passing a resolution that the thanks
of the association be extended to Dr. and
Mrs. Stanton and to the librarian and others
who helped to make the occasion a delightful
one, the meeting adjourned.
EDITH McH. STEELE, Secretary.
NEW YORK STATE LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
The following committees have been ap-
pointed by the executive committee of the
New York State Library Association for 1914:
Hospitality :
Miss Agnes Van Valkenburgh, chairman;
Library School, Public Library, New York
City.
Miss Emily S. Coit, Public Library, Buffalo.
Miss Isabella K. Rhodes, State Library, Al-
bany.
Miss Isabella M. Cooper, Public Library,
Brooklyn.
Mr. Howard L. Hughes, Public Library,
Trenton, N. J.
Mr. Harry N. Parsons, Public Library,
Buffalo.
Legislation :
Mr. William R. Eastman, Albany, chairman,
with power to add two members.
Publicity :
Miss Harriet R. Peck, chairman, Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute, Troy.
Miss Maud D. Brooks, Public Library,
Olean.
Mr. William F. Yust, Public Library,
Rochester.
Mr. William S. Watson, chief of the Divi-
sion of Educational Extension, Albany.
Dr. Frederick W. Kilbourne, Public Library,
Brooklyn.
Rural communities :
Miss Clara W. Bragg, Davenport Library,
Bath, chairman, with power to add two
members.
Miss Anna R. Phelps, State Library, Albany.
Miss N. Louise Ruckteshler, Guernsey Li-
brary, Norwich.
Library institutes:
Mr. Asa Wynkoop, chairman, inspector of
libraries, Albany.
Miss Emily S. Coit, Public Library, Buffalo.
Miss N. Louise Ruckteshler, Guernsey Li-
brary, Norwich.
Miss Mary L. Davis, Public Library, Troy.
Mr. Frank K. Walter, vice-director of the
State Library, Albany.
Libraries in charitable, reformatory, and
penal institutions :
Miss Mary W. Plummer, chairman, princi-
pal, Library School, Public Library, New
York City.
Miss Elizabeth P. Clarke, Seymour Library,
Auburn.
Mr. Frederick C. Hicks, Columbia Univer-
sity Library, New York City.
NEW ENGLAND CLUB OF LIBRARY COMMIS-
SION WORKERS
The New England Club of Library Com-
mission Workers held its fifth annual meet-
ing in Burlington, Vt., on Feb. 6. Massachu-
setts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and Vermont
Commissions were represented by nine work-
ers; five other library workers in Burlington
and one from Montpelier attended part of the
meetings.
After interesting reports from the four
states of their past year's work, the subjects
discussed were : How to arouse the active in-
terest of library trustees ; Efforts to encourage
systematic reading and study instead of de-
sultory reading purely for recreation ; Influ-
ences antagonistic to good reading; Branch
libraries in small towns; Sunday opening;
The library and the immigrant; Regulations
for the use of traveling libraries.
Miss R. W. WRIGHT, Secretary,
Vermont Free Public Library Commission.
WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS LIBRARY CLUB
The annual midwinter meeting of the West-
ern Massachusetts Library Club was held in
the new library of the International Y. M.
C. A. College at Springfield Feb. 19, 1914.
Dr. F. N. Seerley, dean of the college, made
the address of welcome, briefly tracing the
growth and aims of the college.
The morning session was devoted mainly to
a discussion of the best books of 1913. This
was based upon the annual book list compiled
3o8
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[April, 1914
by the club and printed in the Springfield
Republican, from which reprints had been
made and distributed. This discussion was
conducted by Miss Bertha E. Blakely, libra-
rian of Mt. Holyoke College and president of
the club.
George L. Lewis, chairman of the commit-
tee on simple outlines for school children in
the use of the library, then presented his re-
port. This is one of the most vital subjects
that have come before the club, and called
forth much comment. It was generally
agreed that one of the greatest difficulties en-
countered in teaching school children to use a
public library is found in the ignorance of the
teachers themselves in the use of a library.
This is due to the lack of instruction of pros-
pective teachers as to the importance of chil-
dren's reading and value of libraries in con-
nection with school work. The librarians felt
the need of action upon this subject, and drew
up a resolution embodying the club's opinion.
This was sent to the State Board of Educa-
tion, in the hope that instruction in the use
of the library may be incorporated into the
normal school course.
The first address of the afternoon session
was given by Miss Lizzie E. Fletcher, welfare
secretary of the Palmer Manufacturing Com-
pany, of Three Rivers. Her topic was "Life
in a foreign community in Hampden county."
Miss Fletcher spoke in a general descriptive
way of the life of foreigners in a village com-
munity. F. G. Willcox, of the Holyoke Pub-
lic Library, told of a recent successful ex-
periment in advertising his library.
A resolution was passed urging the appro-
priation of $10,000 by the state for the Massa-
chusetts Library Commission. A resolution
was also passed in regard to the need of en-
larging the scope of the State Library.
The last address of the day was given by
George L. Lewis, of Westfield, upon "Period-
icals in the library; some problems of the
subscription list." Frank Guy Armitage, a
student at the college, gave several delightful
readings from Dickens.
After a vote of thanks was given to the
college for its hospitality the meeting ad-
journed. ALICE K. MOORE.
MILWAUKEE LIBRARY CLUB
At the February meeting of the Milwaukee
Library Club Miss Winifred Merrill and Mr.
J. V. Cargill were the speakers. Miss Mer-
rill's subject was "Municipal and legislative
libraries," and Mr. Cargill's was "Branch
library work." Each gave a brief history of
the origin and development of these depart-
ments of library work, and pointed out where-
in they differ in their functions from the pub-
lic library proper.
"The problems which arise in municipal and
legislative work are always the very most up-
to-date problems," said Miss Merrill. "The
municipal and legislative library was estab-
lished primarily to assist legislators in their
work by collecting and tabulating for their
handy use information which cannot be ob-
tained in books."
"Only a limited proportion of the population
beyond those who have easy access, frequent
the central library," Mr. Cargill explained.
"Branches should therefore be scattered at
convenient places throughout the city, as
school buildings are, to attract the rest. Ex-
perience shows that most people will do
without books rather than take much trouble
to get them."
JOSEPHINE KULZICK, Secretary.
ONTARIO LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
The fourteenth annual meeting of the On-
tario Library Association will be held April
13-14 at the Public Library in Toronto. The
chief topic for discussion will be "The library
situation in Ontario and its possibilities." The
president, W. F. Moore of Dundas, will dis-
cuss what has been done in organized effort.
The question of finances will be taken up by
C. A. Byam and O. A. Langley; administra-
tion, by W. H. Arison and Norman S. Gurd ;
general efficiency in book selection, W. J.
Sykes, and in book purchase, W. O. Carson;
what may be done, will be summed up by
E. A. Hardy. In addition to the considera-
tion of this general question, there will be
an address on "The universality of library
service," by Matthew S. Dudgeon, secretary
of the Wisconsin Free Library Commission. It
is expected that Dr. Frank P. Hill, chief li-
brarian of the Public Library, Brooklyn,
N. Y. ; Miss Ahern, editor of Public Libraries
of Chicago, and Mr. Cedric Olivers, the li-
brary bookbinder of England, will be present
and take part in the discussions.
Xibran? Scbools
PRATT INSTITUTE SCHOOL OF LIBRARY
SCIENCE
The need of a club house as a center of
social life for the women students has been
felt for some time at Pratt Institute. A mass
meeting was held about a year ago, at which
this need was presented before the trustees,
April, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
309
and the movement there started accomplished
its purpose in the recent opening of a very at-
tractive club house adjoining the library
grounds. In addition to the general club
rooms, which include two parlors, a dining
room, kitchen, and sewing room equipped with
machines, each of the departments has its own
special room furnished by its alumnae. The
graduates of the Library School responded
very generously to the appeal which was sent
out in the fall, and the committee, of which
Mrs. Stevens was chairman, used so much
judgment and taste in expending the sum
raised that the library students all feel that
their room is the most attractive in the build-
ing. Tea at two cents a cup is served every
afternoon, Sunday night suppers are among
the pleasant possibilities, and already the club
house has begun to play quite a part in the
student life.
For the first time this year a study of the
kind of literature provided by the commercial
purveyors of reading matter has been under-
taken as part of the fiction seminar course.
Groups of students have been assigned to in-
vestigate the pay-lending libraries in the de-
partment stores, on the book stands, in the
railway and subway stations, and the literature
dispensed by stationers, tobacconists (two men
being assigned to the latter), and similar
agencies.
One of the problems in book selection this
term has been the compiling, on request, of a
list of $60 worth of new books for a small
country library. The result was gratefully
received by the library board.
Miss Annie Carroll Moore, supervisor of
children's work in the New York Public Li-
brary, lectured on Feb. 24 and March 3. The
first of the two lectures, illustrated by lan-
tern slides, was on the development of chil-
dren's work in Greater New York, and the
second was on the selection of children's
books.
We had anticipated the pleasure of two lec-
tures from Miss L. E. Stearns, of the Wis-
consin Library Commission on March 10.
Miss Stearns was, however, called home sud-
denly from Atlantic City, but we were so
fortunate as to secure Miss Alice S. Tyler,
formerly secretary of the Iowa Library Com-
mission, who gave a talk on commission work
in Miss Stearns' place on that day.
Mr. J. I. Wyer, Jr., director of the New
York State Library, spoke to the class on
Monday afternoon, March 9, about the work
of the State Library and the State Education
Department.
ALUMNI NOTES
Miss Grace B. McCartney, class of 1911,
who has been in the order department of Co-
lumbia University for two years, has been
made assistant librarian in the order depart-
ment of the Rochester (N. Y.) Public Li-
brary.
Miss Helen E. Crippen, class of 1912, of the
Denver Public Library staff, has accepted a
position in the library of Wells College, Au-
rora, N. Y.
JOSEPHINE ADAMS RATHBONE, Vice-director.
DREXEL INSTITUTE LIBRARY SCHOOL
Recent visiting lecturers have been as fol-
lows:
March 5. Two lectures, "Some western
phases of library work" and "The library's
part in a social survey," by Miss L. E.
Stearns.
March 9. "Spanish novelists," by Miss Mary
W. Plummer.
The students had the pleasure of meeting
both Miss Stearns and Miss Plummer at
afternoon tea.
A visit was paid to the Library of the Com-
mercial Museum on March 27.
The courses in Parliamentary law, Subject
headings, Cataloging, and History of libraries
were completed in March and examinations
held.
The director and fourteen of the present
class attended the Atlantic City meeting
March 6-7. Forty-five students and alumnae
were present at the Drexel dinner. The guests
of honor were Mr. and Mrs. T. L. Montgom-
ery, Dr. Lucian M. Robinson, Miss Anna A.
Macdonald, and Miss Julia A. Hopkins. The
Library School of the New York Public Li-
brary sent a beautiful bunch of yellow tulips
to the Drexel table.
At the Washington's birthday assembly
President Godfrey announced the decision of
the president and board of trustees to dis-
continue the Drexel Library School at the
close of the current year.
The director wishes to make public ac-
knowledgment of the many kind letters re-
ceived from alumnae of the school, from direc-
tors of other library schools, and from libra-
rians in the field, expressing appreciation of
the work done at Drexel, and regret for the
fate of the school.
A business meeting of Drexel alumnae at
Atlantic City was called prior to the Drexel
dinner. The director read a statement from
President Godfrey, giving reasons for the dis-
continuance of the school, and also read se-
3io
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[April, 1914
lections from letters of regret received. The
following resolutions were adopted :
Whereas, The Board of Trustees of the Drexel In-
stitute of Art, Science and Industry has announced
its decision to discontinue the Library School of
Drexel Institute, and
Whereas For twenty-one years this school has,
through its' excellent training and maintenance of high
standards, rendered valuable service to the entire li-
brary profession, and
Whereas, The Alumnx fee! the deepest regret at
the action of the board whereby the interests of the
Alumnae are vitally affected; therefore, be it
Resolved, That a committee of five members be ap-
pointed, at the convenience of the president, whose
duties shall be to advance the interests of the Alumni,
and to further, if possible, the continuance of the
school under satisfactory conditions; and be it further
Resolved, That the president and Board of Trustees
of the Drexel Institute be requested to confer with
this committee regarding any contemplated transfer
of the school; and be it further
Resolved, That these resolutions be spread upon the
minutes of this association, and that a copy be sent
to the president and to the Board of Trustees of the
Drexel Institute.
THE ALUMNAE ASSOCIATION OF THE DREXEL
LIBRARY SCHOOL,
KATHERINE M. TRIMBLE, Secretary.
The committee appointed is as follows:
Miss Flora B. Roberts, Pottsville Free Public
Library, Pottsville, Pa., chairman; Miss Mary
P. Farr, Manchester Public Library, Manches-
ter, Mass.; Miss Nina K. Preston, The Hall-
Fowler Memorial Library, Ionia, Mich.; Miss
Helen Hill, William Penn High School,
Philadelphia, Pa.; Miss Rebecca P. Warner,
The Public Library, Washington, D. C.
SIMMONS COLLEGE LIBRARY SCHOOL
On Feb. 26 a most interesting visit was
made to the Somerville Public Library. The
striking features of the new building, and the
problems involved in the reorganization of the
classification and cataloging systems of a well-
developed library make this a peculiarly prof-
itable visit just at this time. The class has
recently been discussing in library adminis-
tration provision for the health and conven-
ience of the staff, and was thoroughly pre-
pared to appreciate the model equipment in
that line, as well as the hospitality of the staff,
when the afternoon ended in a tea in the staff
dining room.
The only outside lecturer for the month will
be Mr. Drew B. Hill, who will speak on
March 23 on some problems of administration.
The school hopes still to hear later Miss
Stearns, who was to have spoken on March 16.
The Junior Library economy class found it
possible to call the radioscope to their help in
illustrating their biographical talks on well-
known librarians, as this enables one to utilize
the pictures in the LIBRARY JOURNAL without
the necessity of having slides made.
PERSONAL NOTES
Miss Rosamond White, ex.-'o;, who was
registered in the Library School during 1903-
04, died at her home in Winthrop, Mass., Dec.
20, 1912. From 1904-10 Miss White was libra-
rian in the mining department of the Massa-
chusetts Institute of Technology.
Miss Annie L. Flavell, Simmons 1908, was
married on July 31 to Mr. Leslie W. Wood,
of Plymouth, Mass. Mr. and Mrs. Wood are
living at 25 Mayflower street, Plymouth.
The engagement is announced of Miss Jes-
sie L. Blanchard, Simmons 1912, and Mr.
Eugene Walker, of Southbridge, Mass. Miss
Blanchard has resigned her former position in
one of the New York City branch libraries.
Miss Alice A. Wood, Simmons 1907, was
married on Wednesday, Jan. 14, 1914, to Mr.
Earl Northrup Manchester, in Chicago.
Miss Minnie Burke has recently compiled a
card index of cases, drawn from hospital
records, for a Boston physician.
Miss Ruth Alexander is reorganizing the
special engineering library of Lockwood,
Greene & Company.
JUNE RICHARDSON DONNELLY.
LIBRARY SCHOOL OF THE NEW YORK _
PUBLIC LIBRARY
The juniors have listened to the following
lectures since Feb. n:
"Technological collections in libraries," on
Feb. n, by Mr. W. B. Gamble, chief of the
Technology division, New York Public Li-
brary.
"The art of re-reading," on Feb. 18, by Mr.
A. E. Bostwick.
"Branch administration," on Feb. 18 and 25,
by Mrs. A. B. Maltby and Miss Florence
Overton, of the New York Public Library
staff.
"The appeal of library work with children,"
on March 2, by Miss A. C. Moore, chief of
the division of work with children.
"Town library administration," on March 4,
by Miss L. G. Hinsdale, librarian of the
East Orange Public Library.
"Copyright," on March 9, by Mr. E. F. Ste-
vens, director of the Pratt Institute Free
Library.
"Italian literature from Alfieri to d'Azeglio,"
on March n, by Prof. T. E. Comba.
Senior lectures have been as follows:
Advanced reference and cataloging course
"Literature of art," on Feb. 10, by Miss S. A.
Hutchinson, librarian of the Brooklyn In-
stitute.
April, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
"Literature of music," on Feb. 17, by Mrs. S.
D. Andersen, of the New York Public Li-
brary.
School and college library course
Same as above, with three evening lectures on
Feb. 9, 16 and 23, on "The high school li-
brary situation," "The training of high
school students in books," and "The ad-
ministration of the high school library," by
Miss M. E. Hall, of the Girls' High School,
Brooklyn.
Students of these two courses began their
work in Italian on Feb. 24, under Prof. T.
E. Comba. Their text book is the "Manuale
per le biblioteche popolari," of Fabietti.
Administration course
"The library in a budget exhibit," on Feb. 18,
by Miss L. G. Hinsdale. This was accom-
panied and illustrated by charts, diagrams,
etc.
"Night schools and the education of adults,"
and "The public school curriculum," on Feb.
19 and 26, by Mr. Albert Shiels, of the
Board of Education.
^'The library and the workingman," on March
4, by Miss Irene Hackett, librarian of the
Englewood (N. J.) Public Library.
The juniors invited the faculty and seniors
to a party the evening of Feb. 13. Valentines,
stunts and Victrola music constituted the pro-
gram. The decorations of the room were un-
usually successful on this occasion.
On Feb. 26 the faculty invited the branch
librarians to a half-hour discussion of stu-
dent practice, followed by a talk by Miss
Mary Ogden White on "The best seller," and
a social hour over the teacups. Miss White
conducts a section of the junior class in the
fiction seminar.
Three of the faculty, three graduates, four
seniors and four juniors attended the Atlantic
City meeting, dining together, with the addi-
tion of several members of the library staff,
on Saturday evening. The Atlantic City din-
ner is becoming an established custom of the
school.
Miss Tracey, of the faculty, has prepared a
list of material in German, French and Italian
on American libraries, to be included in the
'handbook of the Leipsic exhibit. The Ger-
man division was printed in the New York
Library Club Bulletin for March.
Mr. Frederick Goodell, of the seniors, has
an article entitled "What the public library
can do for boys" in The Advocate, a maga-
zine published by the boys of Public School 22.
Changes in the faculty have been made as
follows :
Miss Juliet A. Handerson, a graduate of the
Western Reserve University and Library
School, and a member of the Cleveland Public
Library staff, has been added to the faculty
as registrar and principal's assistant. Miss
Rose's time will hereafter be divided equally
between the school, as supervisor of practice,
and the library, as supervisor of probationers.
Her office will be in the school quarters.
APPOINTMENTS
Miss Nora Cordingley (jun., 1912) has
been engaged as an assistant in the cataloging
department of Columbia University Library.
Miss Bessie Baldwin ('13) has a permanent
position with Longmans, Green & Co., pub-
lishers.
Miss Eleanor Hitt (senior) has been obliged
to postpone finishing her course, having ac-
cepted the position of head cataloger in the
Kern County Library, Bakersfield, Cal.
Miss Katherine Christopher (senior) has
accepted a position in charge of the women's
department of the Automobile Club of Amer-
ica, with the privilege of finishing her course.
Miss Mary E. Jameson (senior) has been
appointed assistant in the division of tech-
nology of the New York Public Library, in
the place of Miss Hitt.
Mr. Frank Dolezal (junior), of the St. Louis
Public Library, has undertaken half-time work
as stack assistant.
WESTERN RESERVE LIBRARY SCHOOL
NEWS NOTES
On the afternoon of Feb. 23 Mrs. Edna
Lyman Scott was a guest at the school, and
gave a very entertaining and helpful talk on
"The art of story telling," concluding with
several stories. Later in the afternoon tea
was served, and an opportunity given to meet
Mrs. Scott informally. The last lecture in the
course in children's work was given on March
4 by Miss Annie Cutter, supervisor of school
libraries of the Cleveland Public Library, who
told of the work of that department, and un-
der her conduct the class visited two of the
school libraries after the lecture. The fol-
lowing day the students, through the courtesy
of the Public Library, attended a lecture on
"Greek mythology," which was given before
the training class by Mrs. Thorne-Thomsen.
During February the students have been
having practice work in the children's rooms
of the Public Library. Beginning with the
last week of February and continuing until
3I2
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[April, 1914
the end of the school year, the practice work
will be in the various branches of the library
system. The course in trade bibliography and
bookbuying is completed, and the course in
public documents given by Mr. H. S. Hirsh-
berg, reference librarian of the Cleveland
Public Library, has taken its place on the
schedule. An honor system similar to that
already in operation in the other departments
of the University has been adopted by the
Library School class of 1914.
The director attended the joint meeting of
the Pennsylvania Library Club and the New
Jersey Library Association at Atlantic City,
March 6-7, and afterwards visited the New
York Public and Pratt Library Schools.
ALUMNI NOTES
Juliet A. Handerson, '08, has resigned her
position of supervisor of inventory in the
Cleveland Public Library to become assistant
to the director of the New York Public Li-
brary School.
Laura Robson, '12, formerly first assistant
in the Alameda County Library at Oakland,
Cal., is now assistant in the Berkeley Public
Library.
ALICE S. TYLER. Director.
CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH— TRAIN-
ING SCHOOL FOR CHILDREN'S LIBRARIANS
During the last month the following vis-
iting lecturers have addressed the Training
School :
Mr. Edwin H. Anderson, director of the New
York Public Library, who gave two lec-
tures Feb. 14. One was upon "Library ad-
ministration with special reference to the
human relations," the other upon the work
of the New York Public Library, with
stereopticon illustrations.
Dr. Arthur E. Bostwick, librarian of the St.
Louis Public Library, who gave two lec-
tures Feb. 21. His subjects were the "Work
of the St. Louis Public Library," illustrated
with stereopticon views, and "Some lost
arts of librarianship."
Mrs. Edna Lyman Scott, story teller, who
gave two lectures, Feb. 24 and 25. The
first lecture, upon "The responsibility of so-
ciety for what children read," was held in
the evening in the East Liberty branch li-
brary, and was open to the public. The
second lecture was upon "The creed of the
story teller."
Miss Lutie E. Stearns, chief of the Traveling
library department, Wisconsin Free Library
Commission, who gave four lectures, March
2-4. Her subjects were "The library spirit,"
"Some western phases of library work,"
"The library militant," and "The problem of
public leisure."
Miss Edith Morley Smith, Training School
class of 1904, has been appointed temporary
registrar of the Training School.
ALUMNAE NOTES
Helen Lowther, class of 1912, was married
March 7 to Mr. Ritchie Lowrie, Jr., of Pitts-
burgh, Pa.
Ruth Price, class of 1913, has resigned her
position in the Reuben McMillan Free Li-
brary, Youngstown, Ohio, to accept the posi-
tion of assistant in the children's room of
the Wylie Avenue branch of the Carnegie
Library of Pittsburgh.
CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF ATLANTA— LIBRARY
SCHOOL
The first term of the course came to an
end on Dec. 20.
During October the class perfected its or-
ganization as follows: president, May Smith,
Athens, Ga. ; vice-president, Rhea King, At-
lanta, Ga. ; secretary and treasurer, Annie
Jungermann, Columbus, Ga. ; editor, Mattie
Lou Worsham, Forsyth, Ga. ; assistant editor,
Kathleen Hines, Calhoun, Ga.
The announcement of the election of offi-
cers was made at a Hallowe'en party given
Oct. 31 in the class room by the Graduates'
Association to the class of 1913-1914.
On Nov. 20 Mr. George Utley lectured to
the class on the "History and purpose of the
American Library Association."
On Dec. 19, in the class room, the students
gave a Christmas party in honor of the Grad-
uates' Association and the staff of the library.
The second term began Jan. 5, 1914. Dur-
ing this term Mrs. Edna Lyman Scott, in-
structor in children's work and story-telling,
will give her annual course. Her lectures will
be scheduled each morning of the week
March 16 to 21. On the afternoon of March
19 Mrs. Scott will give for the school a recital
of selected stories. A number of outside
guests will be invited to hear her on this
occasion.
On March 30 Miss Mary W. Plummer,
principal of the Library School of the New
York Public Library, will arrive to give a
series of lectures.
ALUMNI NOTES
Mabel Jones, 1912, resigned her position as
assistant in the Carnegie Library of Atlanta
April, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
313
Dec. i, 1913, to become head cataloger in the
Public Library of Jacksonville, Fla.
Pauline Benson, 1908, for six years librarian
at Langley, S. C, resigned that position Jan.
i, 1914, to become an assistant in the Carnegie
Library of Atlanta.
Laura Hall, 1912, went in January to Hunts-
ville, Tex., where she is engaged in catalog-
ing the library of the Sam Houston Normal
Institute.
Theresa Hood, 1911, on Jan. i, 1914, ac-
cepted a position in Birmingham, Ala.
Amelia Whitaker, 1912, resigned her posi-
tion as assistant in the Carnegie Library of
Atlanta March i. Miss Whitaker will be mar-
ried at her home in Raleigh, N. C., on April
14 to Mr. Charles Trenholm MacClenaghan.
DELIA FOREACRE SNEED, Principal.
RIVERSIDE PUBLIC LIBRARY— WINTER
SCHOOL
The first winter course of library instruc-
tion, extending from Jan. 19 to Feb. 28, at the
Riverside (Cal.) Public Library, was very
satisfactory to its promoters. Besides this
winter class the library has conducted a sum-
mer class, beginning about the middle of
July and running for six weeks. This sum-
mer class will probably be repeated the com-
ing summer, but thereafter it will be dropped
and all efforts concentrated on the winter
school. The course in the latter will probably
cover seven weeks instead of six, and may
even be extended to eight weeks. There is
floor space and equipment for a much larger
class than the one attending this winter, and
it is hoped next year to have a considerably
larger attendance.
The following students successfully com-
pleted the winter course:
Adair, Marie, .Redondo Beach, Cal.
Baker, Mignon P., Canon City, Colo.
Bean, Angia L., Bellingham, Wash.
Clapperton, Julia A., San Bernardino, Cal.
Claytor, Vivian K, Roanoke, Va.
Conrad, Nellie L., Fenton, Mich.
Crawford, Gwendolen S., Freeport, 111.
Daniels, Esther, Riverside, Cal.
Dickson, Lillian L., Riverside, Cal.
Gillespie, Maud E., Redondo Beach, Cal.
Goold, Eugenia, La Mesa, Cal.
Grimm, Harriet H., Pasadena, Cal.
Ingrum, Margaret R., Kansas City, Mo.
La Rue, Viva G., Hemet, Cal.
Speer, Alberta, Azusa, Cal.
West, Eva, Greenfield, Iowa.
Willard, Madeline D., Corona, Cal.
Grover, Mrs. Mabelle C., Santa Cruz, Cal.
CHAUTAUQUA LIBRARY SCHOOL
The fourteenth annual session of the Chau-
tauqua Library School will be held July 4-
August 15. Dr. Melvil Dewey will be gen-
eral director of the school. Mary E. Downey
will be resident director. Sabra W. Vought,
of Allegheny College Library, and Sabra E.
Stevens, of University of Illinois Library, will
be general instructors.
The course of study is general, and is de-
signed for librarians and library assistants
who cannot leave their work for the extended
course offered in the regular library schools,
but who can get leave of absence for six
weeks of study to gain a broader conception
of their work and a general understanding of
modern methods and ideals. This course, es-
pecially planned to accomplish the most pos-
sible in six weeks, is as follows :
Library administration : The course in li-
brary administration includes thirty lectures on
the following subjects: Evolution of the li-
brary, Library training, Noted library work-
ers, Library commissions, Developing a li-
brary, Reorganizing a library, The library
trustee, The library staff, Reading of the li-
brarian, Values in library work, Simplifying
routine work, Library building and furnish-
ing, Care of building and grounds, The
maintenance fund, Library supplies, Book se-
lection and buying, Preparing books for the
shelves, Uses of periodicals, Special collec-
tions, Work with children, How to use a li-
brary, Picture bulletins, Advertising a library,
Local library extension, Township and county
libraries, Library reports and statistics. Miss
Downey.
Cataloging: Eighteen lectures with prac-
tice work in cataloging 100 books from se-
lected lists, illustrating the salient points of a
dictionary catalog for a popular library. The
revised cards are filed by the students and
furnished with guides, thus making for each
a sample catalog for 100 books. Lecture and
practice work are also given on the use of
Library of Congress cards. Each student or-
ders from the Library of Congress the cards
for ten books. These are filled out and filed
with the practice catalogs. Miss Vought.
Classification: Twelve lectures in the use
of the Decimal classification, with practice
work in assigning numbers to about 200 books,
which present problems usually met in a pop-
ular library. The assigning of headings for
a dictionary catalog is taken up in connection
with the classification. Miss Vought.
Bibliography: Lectures are given on the
1HE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[April, 1914
national, trade and special subject bibliogra-
phies in most general use. Miss Stevens.
Accession: Each student accessions a num-
ber of books, and retains the sheets after re-
vision. The subjects relating to this depart-
ment are taken up with lectures and practice
in the detail work. Miss Stevens.
Shelf-list : Special lectures in shelf-listing,
with practice work. Miss Stevens.
Loan systems: General principles of loan
systems are taught. Students receive printed
outlines of typical systems, which are dis-
cussed with special instructions in those most
used. Miss Stevens.
Reference work: The course includes 18
lessons in the use of reference books. Ques-
tions are given out on which the students re-
port answers with the sources of information,
which are compared and discussed. The Pat-
terson library is used for laboratory work.
Miss Stevens.
Book binding and mending: Lectures out-
lining the process of binding a book. The
class visits the Arts and crafts department.
Samples of binding materials are shown, with
explanation as to strength, durability, appear-
ance and cost. Samples of mending mate-
rials and tools are exhibited, with practical
suggestions on mending books. Miss Stevens.
The work of the staff is supplemented by
special lectures from time to time, and by
the regular Chautauqua program, which offers
during the whole six weeks of the school a
series of lectures, concerts, readings, discus-
sions and other entertainments and facilities
that have made a reputation elsewhere un-
equalled. Many of the great leaders of Amer-
ican thought speak from its platform, and
not a few of the strongest men and women
of other countries. The whole atmosphere of
the place cannot be surpassed as a six weeks'
home for the average librarian or assistant,
who will profit greatly by this unique Chau-
tauqua life.
The Chautauqua and Westfield libraries and
books from the New York traveling library
are used for reference and practical work.
Visits are made to the Buffalo, Niagara Falls,
and Jamestown libraries and to the Art Metal
Construction Company.
So fine a spirit of faithfulness, enthusiasm,
and good fellowship prevails that much is ac-
complished in six weeks. Strenuous class
work is supplemented by relaxation through
the unsurpassed attractions which Chautau-
qua affords, and by occasional social festivi-
ties.
Many visiting librarians, trustees, and others
interested in library work attend special lec-
tures and consult in regard to library matters,
making this a very helpful part of tke work.
The object of the course is to raise the
standard of librarianship. It is open only to
those who are already engaged in library
work or have definite appointment to library
positions. There are no entrance examina-
tions, but no one is accepted who has not had
a high school course or its equivalent. Ex-
perience in library work usually of not less
than a year is essential to the understanding
of the technical instruction given. No one is
admitted to the class who has not previously
filled out a registration blank and received
the official matriculation card. The class is
limited to the number that can be given satis-
factory instruction and supervision.
Early application should be made to Mary
E. Downey, Box 594, Columbus, Ohio.
INDIANA LIBRARY COMMISSION— SUMMER
SCHOOL
The Public Library Commission of Indiana
will hold the thirteenth session of its summer
school at Hanover College, Hanover, Ind.,
June 24 to Aug. 6. The beautiful situation of
Hanover on the bluffs along the Ohio river
makes it an attractive place for a summer
school. Besides the regular instruction in the
elementary branches of library work given
by members of the staff, a week of lectures
by well-known workers is being arranged.
Among those expected to address the school
are Miss Mary E. Ahern, Mr. George B. Ut-
ley, and other prominent librarians. This
week, devoted to outside lectures, will be gen-
erally attended by librarians of the state. The
library visit of the school will be to Louis-
ville, Ky., on the invitation of Mr. George T.
Settle, the librarian. The number of applica-
tions for enrollment is already large, and it
is expected that the school will be larger this
year than in any previous year of its history.
1Rev>fe\vs
REVISTA de bibliografia chilena y extranjera.
Publicada mensualmente por la seccion de
informaciones de la Biblioteca Nacional.
Ano i, num. i, January, 1913. Santiago,
1913- 32 p. O.
This review was founded by the National
Library of Chile to provide for Chileans a
monthly survey of the literary production not
only of their own country but of the rest of
America and Europe. Books and pamphlets are
to be announced and articles of value in pe-
April, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
315
riodicals and newspapers to be noted. The
practical limitations of such an undertaking
are obvious, and, in fact, the subject-matter of
the first number is confined to South America
and Latin Europe. Within this field intelli-
gent work has been done. The review is di-
vided into the following principal sections :
(i) Chilean literature; (2) American, i. e.,
South American literature; (3) European lit-
erature; (4) Special reference lists; (5) Na-
tional Library news, and (6) Correspondence.
The indexing of special articles in newspapers
is a feature that might usefully be imitated in
our own country. The omission of North
American literature seems unfortunate at a
time when the free interchange of truthful
information between North and South Amer-
ica should be promoted by all social agencies ;
but this may have been due to circumstance
rather than plan. On the whole, as the first
periodical of its kind in South America the
Revista is a welcome addition to the biblio-
graphical field.
W. N. S.
librarians
Recent changes in the staff of the circula-
tion department of the New York Public Li-
brary have been as follows:
Miss F. H. Fuller, office of the chief, re-
signed.
Mr. F. B. Spaulding transferred from the
Yorkville branch to the office of the chief.
Miss A. F. Muzzy, appointed in charge of the
Yorkville branch.
Miss F. L. Westover, transferred from the
Webster branch to the Yorkville branch as
first assistant.
Miss G. J. Ackley, formerly of the Chicago
Public Library, appointed first assistant at
the new Fort Washington branch.
Miss G. I. White, formerly of the Hartford
(Conn.) Public Library, appointed to the
staff of the Woodstock branch.
Miss A. F. Farren, transferred as children's
librarian from the Melrose to the Wood-
stock branch.
The following appointments have been
made to the staff of the Birmingham (Ala.)
Public Library within the last few weeks:
Miss Theresa B. Hood, a graduate of the
Atlanta School, and formerly assistant in
the New York Public Library, has become
librarian of the East Lake branch.
Miss Emily Van Dorn Miller, New York State
Library School 1910-11, recently an assistant
in the Minneapolis Public Library, has been
made reference librarian.
Miss Fannie Partlow, of Birmingham, has
been appointed general assistant, and Miss
Winnie Torgerson, of Birmingham, stenog-
rapher and general assistant.
Recent staff changes in the Columbia Uni-
versity Library are as follows:
Miss Grace B. McCartney has resigned to be-
come chief of the order department in the
Rochester (N. Y.) Public Library.
Miss Isabel S. Monro has accepted a position
in the catalog department of the New York
Public Library.
Miss Mary A. Cook, A.B., of the University
of Wisconsin Library, has returned to Co-
lumbia University Library as first assistant
in the order department.
The friends of Miss Lutie E. Stearns, who
was one of the principal speakers at the At-
lantic City conference, will be grieved to hear
that she received a telegram the Sunday fol-
lowing the close of the conference, announc-
ing the sudden death of her sister, after an
illness of less than a day. This bereavement
was followed in a very short time by the
death of her aged mother, constituting a
double loss, in which Miss Stearns has the
sincere sympathy of all who know her.
BRAGG, Clara, for two years librarian at the
Davenport Library of Bath, N. Y., has re-
signed because of ill health, the resignation to
take effect April i. -
BROWN, Carrie R., was appointed to the
staff of the Fall River (Mass.) Public Li-
brary in February.
CADWALADER, John L., president of the
board of trustees of the New York Public
Library, died at his home March n. Mr.
Cadwalader was a trustee of the old Astor
Library from 1879, and it was he who brought
about the consolidation of that library with
the Lenox Library and the Tilden Trust, and
who induced the city to build the Fifth Ave-
nue building for the use of the library.
CLARK, Mazelle, has been appointed an as-
sistant in the Public Library at Fall River,
Mass.
COAN, Mrs. Flora Cutler, has begun her
work as supervisor of the children's depart-
ment of the Waterloo (la.) Public Library.
ELLIS, Victoria, for ten years librarian of
the Public Library at Long Beach, Cal., has
resigned, her resignation taking effect March
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
{April, 1914
FLEMMING, Pauline, has been appointed as-
sistant librarian of the West Hoboken (N. J.)
Public Library, to have charge of the public
school libraries and the children's room.
HOLDEN, Dr. Edward Singleton, librarian at
the United States Military Academy at West
Point, died March 16 after an illness of some
years duration. He was 68 years old. Dr.
Holden was graduated at the United States
Military Academy in the class of 1870. In
March, 1873, he resigned from the army to be
professor, of mathematics and astronomy at
the Naval Observatory in Washington. From
1881 till 1885 he was director of the Wash-
burn Observatory and professor of astronomy
in the University of Wisconsin. He was
president of the University of California from
1885 till 1888; director of the Lick Observa-
tory, 1888 to 1898. In July, 1902, he became
librarian at the United States Military Acad-
emy. His discoveries and his writings
brought him recognition from many European
scientific bodies. Denmark made him a
Knight of the Order of Danebrog, and Ger-
many made him a Knight Commander of the
Ernestine Order of Saxony. Among Dr. Hoi-
den's published works are "Bastion system of
fortifications," "Life of Sir William Herschel,"
"Writings of Sir William Herschel," "Astron-
omy," "Briefer astronomy," "Mountain ob-
servatories," "Earth and sky," "Our country's
flag," "Family of the sun," "Essays in Astron-
omy." "Stories of the great astronomers,"
"Real things in nature," and "The sciences."
He was an honorary member of the Royal
Astronomical Society of London, the Astro-
nomical Society of France, and the Italian
Spectroscopic Society, and belonged to the
National Academy of Sciences.
ISOM, Mary Frances, librarian of the Mult-
nomah County Public Library in Portland,
Ore., has started on a seven months' European
trip. During her absence Miss M. Louise
Hunt, assistant librarian, will be in charge.
KENNEDY, Katherine L., has recently been
added to the staff of the Fall River (Mass.)
Public Library.
LANSING, Cora, librarian at the Carnegie
Library in Neenah, Wis., for the past ten
years, has resigned her position to accept a
position in the same capacity at Wausau.
LUCHT, Julius, Pratt Institute, class of 1909,
has been made librarian of the University
Club Library of Chicago.
NETHERTON, Geneva, has been appointed an
assistant in the Parkland branch of the Louis-
ville Public Library.
NORTON. Frank H., who in his younger
days was librarian of the Lafayette Library in
Astor Place, New York City, for twelve
years, committed suicide in his apartment in
New York March 10.
PALTSITS, Victor Hugo, has been appointed
keeper of manuscripts in the New York Pub-
lic Library, beginning Sept. i. Mr. Paltsits
was on the staff of the old Lenox Library
from 1888 until 1907, when he resigned to ac-
cept the position of state historian at Albany,
which position he held until 1911. He edited
the Pote Journal (1896), several Indian "cap-
tivities," served as bibliographical adviser for
the "Jesuit relations and allied documents"
(1896-1901), and is the author of several
works on American history and bibliography.
He is also chairman of the Public Archives
Commission of the American Historical As-
sociation.
PEARSON, Edmund Lester, has been appointed
editor of publications in the New York Pub-
lic Library, beginning May i. Mr. Pearson is
a B.A. of Harvard University, class of 1902,
and a graduate of the New York State Li-
brary School, 1904. He was reference libra-
rian and later assistant librarian of the Public
Library of the District of Columbia, assistant
in the copyright division of the Library of
Congress, 1906, and acting librarian of the
U. S. Military Division Library, Washington,
1907; and since 1906 has conducted "The Li-
brarian" department in the Boston Evening
Transcript. He is also a trustee of the Pub-
lic Library of his home town, Newburyport,
Mass. Mr. Pearson is well known to libra-
rians as the author of "The old librarian's
almanack" (1909), "The library and the libra-
rian" (1910), "The librarian at play" (1911),
and "The believing years" (1911), as well as
of numerous magazine articles.
SETTLE, George T., librarian of the Louis-
ville (Ky.) Free Public Library, gave a talk
on "Book knowledge" before the young men's
efficiency class of one of the Louisville
churches March 15.
WHITBECK, Mrs. Alice G., has resigned her
position as librarian of the Richmond (Cal.)
Public Library, to become county librarian of
the Contra Costa Free Public Library. Miss
Delia Wilsey, of Pratt Institute School of
Library Science, has been appointed her suc-
cessor.
WINSHIP, George Parker, librarian of the
John Carter Brown Library of Brown Uni-
versity, of Providence, recently gave an ad-
dress on the founding and early history of
the university before the Rhode Island His-
torical Society.
THE LIBRARY WORLD
New England
MAINE
Corinna. Cataloging of the private collec-
tion of books bequeathed by Levi M. Stewart,
of Minneapolis, to the public library at his
birthplace in Corinna, Me., will be completed
in a month and then a catalog will be printed,
according to J. H. Winchester, a nephew of
Mr. Stewart, who is the librarian. The Stew-
art library contained many fine books, includ-
ing a valuable Napoleon collection.
Friendship. William De Lancey Howe, a
lawyer of Boston, has lent the town of Friend-
ship 49 new books to start a public library.
Since then 50 other books have been lent by
Dr. and Mrs. F. W. Jackson, of Jefferson.
Mr. Howe has recently purchased a summer
home here and is interested in the town. A
store has given room to house the books tem-
porarily.
VERMONT
The Vermont Free Public Library Commis-
sion has acquired several new collections of
books recently. Four new farmers' libraries
have been purchased, each collection including
45 books, 20 of them on agriculture and the
other 25 general literature for both adults and
children. Two new general libraries have
been added, and two new school libraries to be
sent out to the district schools are a part of
the additions.
MASSACHUSETTS
Boston. The Public Library has opened a
reading room at 396 Dorchester street, South
Boston, to be known as the Andrew Square
reading room. A reading room in the former
Brooks street chapel, Faneuil, has also been
opened. Both branches have been equipped
with a collection of 1500 books, and 15 period-
icals will be taken regularly. Daily delivery
from the central library will be made to both
branches. Miss Gertrude L. ConneHe, who
was an assistant at the Brighton branch, has
been placed in charge of the Faneuil branch.
Boston. The Public Library has received a
fine set of photographs, framed, and many of
them colored, of views of the mountains in
the Austrian Tyrol. The photographs are a
gift from Josiah H. Benton, president of the
board of trustees.
Boston. State L. Charles F. D. Belden,
Ibn. (4th annual rpt. — yr. ending Nov. 30,
1913-) Accessions 4942 books and 5515 pam-
phlets ; total number of books in library 172,-
692, pamphlets 150,862. Appropriation, exclu-
sive of librarian's salary, $23,510.
The State Library is eighty-seven years old,
but the movement from which it resulted began
over a century ago. The trustees' report in
the present report gives a historical summary
of the beginnings of the library and a state-
ment of its scope. The trustees urge a special
appropriation for the immediate purchase of
statute laws and legislative reports of other
states and countries needed to make the li-
brary complete and effective. In the libra-
rian's report the legislative reference work
of the library and the cooperative relations
maintained with other libraries are described.
For lack of sufficient help the clerical work
has fallen behind in many lines since the
opening of the legislative reference rooms in
1910, some lines of work having been aban-
doned completely since that time. An appen-
dix contains additional notes and extracts
from the statutes relating to state library leg-
islation and the development of the library.
Cambridge. The Harvard University Li-
brary has acquired 420 volumes of the Diaz-
okyo, the great collection of Chinese and
Japanese Buddhist Scriptures. The volumes
were brought to Harvard through the efforts
of Professor Anesaki, who occupies the chair
in Japanese philosophy at Cambridge and is
the first scholar of his race to be so honored in
America. The books, which are from the As-
sociation Concordia of Tokio, Japan, have
been placed in Wadsworth House, along with
numerous other works brought to Harvard by
Professor Anesaki in connection with his
courses.
Cambridge. After a year's investigation the
Harvard commission on western history has
reported that ample material for the study of
the development of western transportation and
other questions may be obtained, and points
out the fact that the new Widener library
would be an excellent depository for it. The
Alumni Bulletin says: "The result of the
year's work shows, first, that there is no lack
of original material to be secured ; and second,
that it is very difficult to interest the average
business or professional man in preserving,
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[April, 1914
as historical material, private papers and let-
ters which to him seem to have only a family
meaning and importance. The commission is
interested mainly in getting together material
relating to western history, and a vast deal of
this material lies in the desks and attics of the
down East states."
New Bedford. The income from the How-
land trust fund, on which the city has been
paying 6 per cent., will in the future be re-
duced from $3000 to $2000. This fund has
been used for public lectures and the purchase
of books, and the reduction will curtail the
work of the library along these lines.
North Adams P. L. Mabel Temple, Ibn.
(30th annual rpt. — yr. ending Nov. 30, 1913.)
Accessions 2040; total number of volumes in
library 35,239. Circulation 100,484. New reg-
istration 608; total number of borrowers 7302.
Expenses $7346.08.
"The circulation of books in foreign lan-
guages was 1956, classified as follows:
French, 1404; Italian, 392; Yiddish, 160. For
the first time it is possible to report the cir-
culation of Yiddish literature. Seldom has
an amount of money brought in such large
returns as the small sum invested in Yiddish
books. They made new friends right away.
They were advertised through the evening
schools and by the Jewish boys and girls. The
library not only circulated a large number of
volumes, but it was also a 'social center/ Some-
times there were meetings of three or four
different societies at the same time in the
building. Among such societies were several
of the women's clubs, the Biid Club, the
Child Welfare and District Nurse Associa-
tions, the Hospital Board, and in the spring a
teachers' meeting of the neighboring town of
Clarksburg."
Somerville. The trustees of the Somerville
Public Library have furnished, at their per-
sonal expense, the staff rooms of the new
building with upholstered couch and belong-
ings, rug, napery, china, silver, and glass for
a dozen covers, and kitchen ware, as an ex-
pression of their appreciation of the personal
interest taken by the staff in the work of the
library.
Worcester. Three Carnegie branches of the
Public Library were opened Feb. 23, 24, and
25. The first was the Quinsigamond branch,
the second at South Worcester, and the third
in Greendale. At each of them Judge F. H.
Chamberlain, chairman of the library trustees,
presided, and there were brief addresses by
Librarian Robert K. Shaw and other men of
prominence in the community. Miss Made-
line M. Bell will be in charge of the Quinsig-
amond branch, Miss Ella S. Sinnott at South
Worcester, and Miss Katherine E. Cook at
Greendale. These branches will be open every
afternoon and evening till 9 o'clock, except
Sunday, when the hours will be from 2.30 to
6 in the afternoon.
RHODE ISLAND
Providence. The last week of February the
first shipment of freight direct from this city
to Europe was made. The act suggested an
opportunity for helpfulness on the part of the
public library, which printed in the Providence
Journal an admirable reading list of some of
the books in the library of use to the exporter,
presenting the salient features of each.
Providence. Plans are being made for the
establishment of a municipal library and ref-
erence bureau. It is suggested that literature
on municipal matters be placed in the Cham-
ber of Commerce Building, while the library
for research work could be located in the
Providence Public Library. The Chamber of
Commerce has agreed to give the space in its
building for a reference bureau. In the
mayor's library in the city hall there are over
500 volumes which have never been cataloged.
It is proposed to ask the city council to loan
these books to the library and to have them
properly cataloged. A small appropriation
will probably be asked from the city council
to provide for the work.
CONNECTICUT
Bridgeport. A small library of about 150
volumes has been placed in the county jail.
New Haven. The Public Library has made
arrangements with the Connecticut State Li-
brary so that hereafter the library will re-
ceive current legislative material weekly. The
Legislative Bulletin, reports of committees and
bills, as well as all other printed matter issued
by the state, will be available for reference.
New London. At the annual banquet of
the Harvard Club of Connecticut, held Feb.
13, President Frederick H. Sykes, of Con-
necticut College for Women, made the an-
nouncement that the librarian of Yale had
offered to present the new institution copies
of every duplicate book in the college library.
President Sykes had of course accepted the
offer, which means a gift of thousands of
volumes of the most valuable character. Just
April, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
319
how many books will be embraced in the
splendid donation cannot be determined until
the Yale library has been thoroughly gone
over by the librarian and Dr. Sykes, but that
they will be a notable acquisition is certain.
Middle Atlantic
NEW YORK
A bill has been introduced at Albany insert-
ing in the public health law a new section
(332-a), requiring officers in charge of every
public library or school library to disinfect
each book circulated immediately upon its re-
turn. A $50 fine is provided for each viola-
tion.
Brooklyn P. L. Frank P. Hill, Ibn. (i6th
annual rpt. — 1913.) Accessions 81,107, only
6177 being new titles; total number of vol-
umes in library 742,133. Circulation 4,583.897-
New registration 6565; total registration 301,-
100 (population 1,634,351).
Expenses for books, periodicals and bind-
ing were $126,560, the average cost per volume
for all books being $1.17, a slight increase in
cost due to the purchase of more books in
special bindings.
No new branches were opened during the
year and no additions made to the old ones,
but plans for the last three Carnegie build-
ings were adopted and work was begun on
two of them, at Stone and Dumont streets
and at Eastern Parkway and Schenectady
avenue. The absence of a central library has
led residents of the different sections of the
city to look upon the branch in their midst as
"the library," and they will continue to do so
until the central building is completed.
In 1912 the New York Public Library re-
duced the hours of labor from forty-two to
forty and required that an hour be taken for
lunch and supper. After an investigation of
conditions in Brooklyn the same rules were
put into effect here on March 31. At first a
few branch librarians had misgivings for fear
the routine work could not be carried on the
shortened schedule. Nine months' trial con-
verted the most sceptical. Not only was work
done, but it was better done, while the health
of members of the staff was improved to a
marked degree.
In the children's department the home cir-
culation of books was 1,661,486, while in the
department of tiaveling libraries notable ad-
vance was made. The records show that 1374
libraries, including those renewed, were issued
during the year, an increase of 35 per cent,
over 1912; excluding those renewed, the num-
ber of libraries sent out to borrowers is 1156,
as compared with 840 for 1912. In the 1374
libraries issued, 67,467 volumes were con-
tained, and the total use made of them, both
in the building of the organization and at
home, amounted to 180,929, an increase of 32,-
988 over 1912. The records show, further-
more, that 69 new organizations were regis-
tered in 1913, and that at the close of the year
334 libraries were out on loan to 245 different
organizations and institutions, the highest
mark yet reached by the department. A lack
of trained workers prevented the establish-
ment of any additional factory stations,
though opportunity was presented. Five
steamships engaged chiefly in South American
trade, with Brooklyn their home port, obtain
books regularly for their officers and crews.
Flushing. William Elliman, a former resi-
dent, who founded the Flushing Public Li-
brary, died in New York City Feb. 21, aged 68.
Mohawk. The old Weller home has been
converted into a library, and on March 12
was opened to the public.
New York City. Russell Sage Found. L.
Frederick Warren Jenkins, Ibn. (Rpt. — yr.
ending Sept. 30, 1913.) Accessions 2037 vol-
umes; approximate number of volumes 10,-
ooo ; pamphlets 15,000. Circulation (for io}4
months) 29,034. Registration 878.
During the past year the libraries of the
New York Charity Organization Society, the
Association for Improving the Condition of
the Poor, the New York School of Philan-
thropy, and the Russell Sage Foundation have
been merged in the present library and are
housed in the new building at Lexington ave-
nue and 22d street. The library is open to
the public on presentation of proper creden-
tials. Library bulletins formerly issued by
the New York School of Philanthropy will
be issued as regular Russell Sage Foundation
publications. During the past year the entire
collection has been reclassified and recata-
loged, the Dewey system, with some modifica-
tions, being used.
New York City. Arrangements have been
made by the New York Public Library for
the establishment of a traveling library deposit
station in Room io8A, Columbia University
Library. The station will be for the use of
all members of the university, and books may
be borrowed for home use.
320
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[April, 1914
New York City. The plans of Arnold B run-
ner have been accepted by the library com-
mittee of the College of the City of New
York for the proposed library, which is to
stand on the site bounded by i4Oth street,
i4ist street and Convent avenue east. The
city has given the land and $100,000 for the
purpose of improving the field and building
an esplanade roof. The Associated Alumni
is collecting the other $150,000. Already $90,-
ooo has been raised.
New York City. The Board of Estimate
adopted March 6 a resolution of the controller
authorizing the New York Public Library to
assume the management of the Municipal
Reference Library, and to operate it as a
branch in the Municipal Building. The board
also approved the following salaries for the
year 1914: librarian, $3500; first assistant li-
brarian, $2400; cataloger, $1200; stenographer,
$800; and two clerks at $300 each.
Ossining. The Public Library presented to
this village by Andrew Carnegie was dedi-
cated March 4. Addresses were made by the
Rev. James A. McWilliams and the Rev. Dr.
T. H. Baragwanath. A letter from Mr. Car-
negie was read, and Miss Helena M. Foster
gave a historical sketch of the library. A
musical program was given by Miss Ethel
Jackson, Miss Adelaide Wills and Miss Eliz-
abeth Fisher. The building cost $26,000, and
is erected on a site purchased for $11,000.
Syracuse. The tentative appropriation of
$40,000 for the Public Library has been in-
creased to $45,000 by the Board of Estimate
and Apportionment after a committee repre-
senting the library had taken the matter up
with Mayor Will. The members of the com-
mittee argued that, by law, the library was en-
titled to an appropriation equal to 2 per cent,
of the aggregate tax levy, or a sum equal to
approximately $50,000. In the past the library
has never received the full appropriation to
which it is entitled by the law. The members
of the board intended to cut the appropriation
still lower this year.
Theresa. The trustees of the Public Li-
brary plan to bring the library to the outlying
districts of the township. District librarians
will be appointed in the different neighbor-
hoods. The first library sub-station will be
at West Theresa, with C. J. Rappole in charge.
NEW JERSEY
Hawthorne. Papers of incorporation of the
Hawthorne Public Library, Incorporated, have
been filed in the office of the county clerk.
Hoboken. An appropriation of $5000 has
been granted the Public Library to erect steel
book stacks.
Jersey City. A banquet in commemoration
of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the found-
ing of the Free Public Library of Jersey City
was tendered to the trustees by President Nel-
son J. H. Edge Feb. 17.
Paterson F. P. L. G. F. Winchester, Ibn.
(28th annual rpt. — yr. ending June 30, 1913.)
Accessions 6340; total number of volumes in
library 54,087. Circulation 238,706. New reg-
istration 8566; total registration 22,284. Re-
ceipts $29,910.02 ; expenses $29,900.46, includ-
ing salaries $12,523.96, and books $5177.46.
A new branch was opened at Riverside with
3100 volumes, and it is desired before long to
open another branch in the southern part of
the city. The library board is urged to take
the initiative in the formation of a historical
society, one of the chief objects of which
should be to secure the publication of a brief
but authoritative history of Paterson. Nearly
all salaries have been increased during the
year. During this year the library regained
its old place as third among the public libra-
ries of New Jersey, a position lost when it
was destroyed by fire in 1902.
Roselle. At the regular meeting of the Clio
Club, Feb. 25, the members voted to give their
library of about 1600 books to the Public Li-
brary of Roselle, which was to be organized
March 13.
Trenton. One hundred and fifty friends
of Henry C. Buchanan, the retired state libra-
rian, gave him a dinner March 7. The occa-
sion was the sixty-third birthday anniversary
of Mr. Buchanan.
Washington. The Washington Public Li-
brary Association has leased the storeroom
in Mrs. B. J. Morgan's building in East Wash-
ington avenue, and it is expected to have the
library ready for use early in April. About
$400 has been pledged to the association, and
aid will be asked of the Common Council,
which has power to contribute up to $300
without a vote of the people. Donations of
tables and chairs have been asked.
PENNSYLVANIA
Germantown. Friends' F. L. Hannah M.
Jones, Ibn. (Rpt. — 1912-13.) Accessions 705 ;
total number of books in library 28,118. Cir-
culation 16,305. New registration 411. Num-
ber of visitors to library 24,252. Receipts
April, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
321
$6425.94; expenses $2257.38, including $1720.08
for salaries, $1292.24 for books and period-
icals, and $192.10 for binding.
Hasleton. Addresses outlining the use of
the Hazleton Public Library and telling of
the advantages to be gained thereby have been
delivered daily during the past month in the
schools of the township and the city of
Hazleton by Miss Alice Willigerod, the chief
librarian.
Lancaster. By the will of the late James
D. Landis, one of the proprietors of the New
Era, the sum of $2500 is left to the Smith
Memorial Library, of which he was a trustee,
to be payable upon the death of his wife.
Oil City. An unknown donor has given
$120 to purchase books in memory of Mr.
Condrin, late president of the Oil City Li-
brary Association.
Philadelphia. The site of the new Central
branch of the Free Public Library has been
selected on the west side of Logan square,
west of Nineteenth street, and plans for the
building are in preparation.
Philadelphia. Library Company of Phila-
delphia. (Rpt. — yr. ending Apr. 16, 1913.)
Accessions 2528; total number of books in
library 240,205. Circulation 32,972. Total
attendance of members and visitors 57,805.
Receipts $43,020.85 expenses $41,769.80, in-
cluding salaries $18,692.20, books $5241.61, and
binding $957.15.
Pittsburgh. The Municipal Reference Li-
brary, which is in charge of the city's Bureau
of Publicity, has issued its first bulletin of the
publications acquired. At present publica-
tions will be loaned from the library only
upon receipt signed by the mayor, a depart-
ment head, a bureau superintendent, a mem-
ber of council, or one of the city clerks. Any
city official or employe is welcome, however,
to use the library in its office, room 1330,
Henry W. Oliver Building.
Reading. A unanimous vote against the
Sunday opening of the Reading Public Li-
brary was taken at a meeting of St. Peter's
Methodist Episcopal Brotherhood in March.
It was stated informally that the library trus-
tees are seeking a test of public sentiment on
the question of library opening on Sunday.
All present voted against the plan suggested
recently by a municipal research expert on
the general grounds that the Sabbath should
T)e reserved for religious activities, and that
secular attractions, even for educational pur-
poses, could not be endorsed by the brother-
hood.
Scranton P. L. Henry J. Carr, Ibn. (23d
annual rpt. — 1913.) Net accessions 1130; to-
tal number of volumes in library 72,553. Cir-
culation 130,026. Total registration 10,755.
Receipts $20,713.44; expenses $18,945.28, in-
cluding $8144.30 for salaries, $1763.55 for
books, and $1672.71 for binding.
Swarthmore. Plans are being drawn by Ed-
ward L. Tilton, of New York City, for the
two-story library building to be erected at
Swarthmore College.
Wilkes-Barre. The will of Charles E. Dana,
of Philadelphia, provides that all his books
and all photographs and prints not otherwise
provided for, shall be given to the Osterhout
Free Library.
MARYLAND
Baltimore. Peabody Institute L. John
Parker, acting Ibn. (46th annual rpt.— yr. end-
ing May 31, 1913.) Total number of volumes
in library 178,099, 27,793 pamphlets, and 1437
maps. Circulation 90,874. Expenses $23,-
466.18, including $12,685.49 for salaries,
$8646.36 for books, etc., and $1352.40 for
binding.
During the year the books on the shelves
have been rearranged according to the deci-
mal system in place of the fixed location
formerly in use. A beginning was also made
of the consolidation of the existing card cata-
log and two printed catalogs into one card
catalog, using Library of Congress cards as
far as possible.
Frederick. An active campaign is being
carried on in Frederick and surrounding towns
to secure funds for the establishment of a
public library. The library is intended for
the use of the whole county.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
A bill was introduced in the Senate in Feb-
ruary to regulate the use of public school
buildings and grounds in the District of
Columbia, and providing for their use, among
other purposes, as free public library branches,
during the school year as well as during vaca-
tion, under such regulations as the board of
education may provide.
Georgetown. Georgetown University will
receive $10,000 for a library, under the terms
of the will of the late Julian Reich, of Tryon,
N. C.
322
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[April, 1914
Washington. Jacob H. Schiff, the New
York banker, has made a second notable gift
to the Library of Congress. It is to supple-
ment the one made by him in 1912, consisting
of a collection of Jewish books comprising
io,coo volumes. This collection, like the first,
was brought together by Ephraim Deinarda, a
collector in Europe and in Palestine. It contains
more than 4000 volumes, touching every field
of Jewish thought and learning, religious and
secular, extending over many centuries. It
includes Bibles with their commentaries and
supercommentaries, Mishnah and Talmud,
with their commentaries ; Milrash, codes of
law, sermons, liturgy, philosophy, philology,
scientific works, history, geography and belles
lettres in general. The collection includes
more than 100 manuscripts, many bearing
early dates, as well as several "incunabula"
(fifteenth century books) of importance.
There is also an excellent collection of Jew-
ish melodies and songs with notes and a fine
collection of books and periodicals printed in
Palestine. Of especial note is the extensive
representation of the products of modern
Jewish literature.
The South
NORTH CAROLINA
Greensboro. The Public Library has re-
ceived a bequest from the late Pendleton King
of 5000 volumes, besides pictures, statuary,
etc. The will provides that the books shall
be kept in a separate collection.
ALABAMA
Birmingham. A book fund campaign will
be started April 27 to continue until May 2.
Huntsville. The city commissioners have
passed a resolution to appropriate $1500 an-
nually for the maintenance of a Carnegie Li-
brary, which will be erected on a lot at the
corner of Gates and Madison streets, to be
donated by the city of Huntsville. The library
building will cost $15,000. The city has had
the library proposition under consideration a
long time, but never before have the commis-
sioners seen their way clear to appropriate
enough for maintaining the institution.
GEORGIA
Monroe. The suggestion has been made
that the old First Baptist church be moved
to some convenient lot and converted into a
town library, and the suggestion is meeting
with considerable favor among the people.
KENTUCKY
Louisville. Names of the 175 donors to the
Portland branch library, completed about three
months ago, will be placed upon a wall at
that library in the near future.
TENNESSEE
Chattanooga. The board of directors of
the Carnegie Library, or a committee of cen-
sors appointed by them, will hereafter pass on
all moving pictures exhibited in Chattanooga
and all vaudeville acts shown in moving pic-
ture houses. Later their censorship may ex-
tend to the other theaters.
Central West
CHIO
Cincinnati. The trustees of the Public Li-
brary are taking active steps to secure a new
main building. They want a modern struc-
ture that will be adequate to the needs of the
institution. In the past ten years branches
have been built in Walnut Hills, Corryville,
Cumminsville, Price Hill, Norwood, Avon-
dale and Hyde Park. In addition libraries
are being maintained in leased quarters in
Madisonville, Camp Washington, Pleasant
Ridge, Harrison, Lockland, Wyoming, Elm-
wood and other places, and a branch library
is soon to be built at the foot of Price Hill.
But in the main building the work has grown
steadily while quarters have become more and*
more cramped. More than 20,000 volumes
that are but seldom used are stored in a build-
ing in the rear of the Dayton street branch,
with 20,000 more in the basement on Vine
street, while newspaper and periodical files
are in the attic.
Dayton. The new East Side Carnegie
branch library was opened to the public Feb.
27. In the afternoon story hours were held
for the children, and in the evening a pro-
gram was arranged for adults, with music and
speeches, after which the building was thrown
open to inspection.
Lakewood. Formal announcement has been
made of the recent gift from the Carnegie
Corporation for a new public library for
Lakewood.
Youngstown. Several thousand dollars paid
to Mahoning County Law Library in the past
few years by the criminal court should have
been turned into the county general fund, ac-
cording to a recent ruling from the attorney
general. The municipal clerk is freed fronr
April, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
323
all responsibilities, as the attorney general
mentioned several similar cases in other cities
where courts, as here, distributed the funds
under advisement of attorneys. The ruling is
a result of investigation of a similar occur-
rence in Lorain, which also has a criminal
court. The attorney general advised that a
criminal court is not a police court or a pro-
bate court, which are required to turn the
amount of fines and penalties for misdemean-
ors into the library fund. It is now the duty
of county officials to collect the money from
the law library. The last report shows the
library received unrightfully from municipal
court $2731.80 from Dec. 9, 1912, to Oct. 18,
1913. This practice has been in vogue since
1910. When this practice was first taken up
the library fund only received 15 per cent, of
the total.
ILLINOIS
The State Library has been having consid-
erable trouble with its assistants. Secretary
of State Harry Woods, who is ex-officio state
librarian, decided that the State Library
needed reclassification and recataloging. In
carrying out this work, it was found necessary
to employ more trained, experienced people
than were on the staff. Therefore certain
assistants were dismissed and others ap-
pointed. One of these assistants, Mrs. Estelle
Baird, appealed to the civil service commis-
sion, under whose authority all library posi-
tions come. The commission ordered her re-
instatement, upon which Mr. Woods pre-
ferred charges of incompetency and neglect
of duty. After an investigation covering sev-
eral weeks, Mrs. Baird was reinstated, and
back pay was allowed her for the period of
suspension. In view of the fact that no
standards for the judging of competency ex-
isted in the library service, an examination
was held by the commission March 21, which
all employes were compelled to take.
Carmi. Andrew Carnegie has expressed
willingness to donate $10,000 for a public li-
brary for this city, on condition that a lot be
purchased and arrangements made by the city
for the upkeep of the building. The council
has voted to use $1000 of the city's money
for maintaining the library.
Chicago. The great progress made in the
work of the Chicago Public Library during the
last five years is thus summed up by Henry
E. Legler in his report for 1913 :
"Lacking funds with which to undertake ex-
tensive extension of service, the policy of
utilizing every available opportunity through
cooperation with park boards, school author-
ities, settlements, and institutions generally
has been vigorously followed. It has thus
been possible to increase the home circulation
nearly 90 per cent, in five years, with corre-
sponding gain in work with schools and gen-
eral reference work, as well as in other lines
of library activity. Five years ago the li-
brary possessed one branch ; this year ends
with twenty-six in operation. Five years ago
the number of public reading rooms was 15 ;
the reading rooms now number 26, not in-
cluding those in business houses, nor four in
the main building. Five years ago there were
no class room libraries sent into schools, and
the school use was represented by 606 issues.
Last year the class room libraries numbered
342, and the total issue was 112,992 volumes.
Five years ago the cardholders numbered 96,-
708; the number now is 154,127. Five years
ago the total home use of books was 1,601,645 ;
last year it had grown to 3,037,035."
Urbana. A $40,000 Carnegie library is as-
sured the city of Urbana as a result of a
vote authorizing a bond issue of $10,000.
Frederick E. Eubeling, long a director, left
$10,000 for a building, and William B. Mc-
Kinley, of Champaign, also contributed. Ur-
bana was assured a library from the Car-
negie fund some years ago, but until the
present has not been able to comply with the
provision regarding income. The Carnegie
Corporation has been notified that all require-
ments have now been met.
MICHIGAN
Owosso. The Owosso Improvement Asso-
ciation has practically abandoned the idea of
having the new Carnegie Library ready to be
turned over to the commissioners of the city
when they assume office in April. Work has
been delayed to such an extent that very little
of the interior work is completed. The con-
tractors have until June i to complete the
building, and it is evident that it will not be
ready much before that date.
The North West
WISCONSIN
Madison. An Irish library which will con-
tain a collection of books relating to Ireland
will be established in connection with the
state historic library. A fund of $500 has
already been obtained.
324
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[April, 1914
Madison. The University Extension Divi-
sion announces that steps are being taken to
provide a library of educational films to lend
to schools and social centers throughout Wis-
consin.
Sherman. The trustees of the Minerva Free
Library of Sherman have received an offer
amounting to the equivalent of $6000 from
Oliver W. Norton, of Chicago, who was the
donor of the building in which the library is
housed.
MINNESOTA
Duluth. Members of the Douglas county
library board have outlined plans for a cir-
culating library to be inaugurated in this
county. At the annual meeting last Novem-
ber $300 was appropriated to carry on the
work. The county library will work in con-
junction with the city library.
Minneapolis. In the proposal to be sub-
mitted by the state education commission for
a central board of education to supervise most
of the state's public educational activities, the
high school board, the normal school board,
and the state library commission would be
merged into one body, with all the powers of
the three boards. The central board would
consist of five members to be appointed by the
governor.
St. Paul. A. B. Stickney, former head of
the Qiicago Great Western railroad, has given
his entire office library of more than 1800
volumes to the St. Paul Public Library. The
collection consists for the most part of vol-
umes connected with railroad matters. Mr.
Stickney's gift also includes a large number
of reports of park commissioners in many
American cities, collected during the course-
of his studies of the park question.
IOWA
Des Moines. Branch stations of the Des
Moines Public Library will be established in
East and West High Schools as soon as pos-
sible and at North High School next fall.
Present plans are to place 400 or 500 books-
fiction of the best class and reference works —
in each high school each week, and the sta-
tions will be open Friday afternoon and even-
ing, thus, since the high schools are open to
the community Friday evenings, giving the
entire neighborhood an opportunity to read
the books. The branches probably will be
under the supervision of Mrs. J. T. Rea, now
in charge of the three grade school stations.
Fort Madison. Convicts at the state peni-
tentiary here henceforth will be permitted to
study the dictionary, read stories of travel,
peruse history and biography, and enjoy care-
fully selected fiction. One thousand new books
have been ordered for the penitentiary library.
NEBRASKA
College View. The Public Library was
slightly damaged by fire March 4.
Shubert. The Women's Literary Club re-
cently established a library here. At a recent
"men's night" of the club the men in attend-
ance made up a purse of $100, which they
presented to the club to be used for the ben-
efit of the library.
The South West
MISSOURI
St. Louis. The city controller has been
asked to include in the next appropriation for
city funds $1000 for the compilation of all
ordinances pertaining to public utility corpo-
rations. The plan is to entrust the work of
compiling the ordinances to Andrew L. Bost-
wick, the municipal reference librarian, for
which he would be paid the $1000. The ex-
pense of printing would be met by another
appropriation.
St. Louis. Ben Altheimer, a member of the
board of directors of the Public Library, has
given the institution 210 copies of paintings
by famous masters, and promised to provide
about 300 additional pictures to be distributed
among the central and branch libraries in the
near future. Each portfolio contains a pic-
ture of the artist and a description of the
paintings, written in German. The prints were
made by the Art Association of Munich, Ger-
many. The German text which explains each
artist's works, prepared by eminent German
writers, will be translated into English to give
ampler opportunity to understand and appre-
ciate the pictures, which will soon be placed
on exhibition.
St. Louis. The St. Louis Public Library is
exhibiting in its art room six of the best
paintings from the city Art Museum. These
paintings are changed every month or so, and
include some of the museum's most interesting
recent accessions, so that in the course of the
year users of the library have an opportunity
of seeing a considerable part of the additions
to the museum collections. A series of talks
to children on some of the pictures, by Direc-
April, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
325
tor Edmund Wuerpel, of the Washington Uni-
versity Art School, has been begun. The first
of ..these, suggested by Larsen's "Swedish
fairy tale," interested the children so much
that the picture was temporarily hung in the
children's room and was surrounded for days
by interested groups, those who had attended
the talk explaining the picture to their friends
who had not had that privilege.
ARKANSAS
Little Rock. The Freedmen's Aid Society,
whose headquarters are in Cincinnati, has ap-
propriated $18,000 for a library building for
Little Rock College, a school for negroes.
Searcy. The Searcy Public Library has re-
cently moved into commodious quarters in the
new courthouse. The library is open each
Sunday afternoon from 2.30 to 4.30 for the
convenience of the men and boys of the city.
Several hundred dollars have recently been
secured through benefit socials, and the money
has been invested in new books.
TEXAS
Ballinger. The Carnegie Library was
opened to the public Feb. 24. The library
will be in charge of Mrs. W. S. Fleming. Sev-
eral hundred books have arrived.
Pacific Coast
CALIFORNIA
Auburn. A recent storm partially unroofed
the public library building in this city, and it
was with considerable difficulty and labor
the volumes contained in the library were
saved from damage or destruction.
Claremont. Pomona Coll. L. Victor E.
Marriott, actg. Ibn. (loth annual rpt. — yr.
ending May 31, 1913.) Accessions 2863; to-
tal number of books in library 20,438. Ex-
penses $4946.35, including salaries $1736.62,
books and periodicals $1782.29, binding $340.80.
The Cook-Baker Biological Library, pre-
viously existing as a separate departmental
library, was accessioned and made an integral
part of the main library, adding about 1300
volumes.
Corning. Work on the building of the new
Carnegie library in this city will be com-
menced early in the spring, and it is expected
the building will be opened to the public next
fall. The cost of the structure will be $10,000,
and the building will be of concrete.
Grass Valley. The City Library trustees
have started active campaigning to secure a
Carnegie library for this city. The present
city library is maintained by a lo-cent tax, the
money derived from this levy being sufficient
for the care and upkeep of a Carnegie build-
ing.
Los Angeles. The new Arroyo Seco branch
library was formally opened to the public on
Friday evening, Feb. 27. This branch is the
second to be built from Mr. Andrew Car-
negie's gift of $210,000 to the city of Los An-
geles for six branch libraries. The structure
is an attractive one of classic design, built of
artificial stone and dark brick, and is located
on a triangular lot at the junction of Pasa-
dena and Piedmont avenues, overlooking the
Arroyo Seco. The site was donated by the
residents of the district. The building con-
sists of one story and basement. On the first
floor are located the adult and juvenile read-
ing rooms, librarian's office and staff room.
Outside between the two reading rooms is the
open air reading room. In the basement is
an auditorium capable of seating two hun-
dred. The building was erected at a cost of
nearly $35,000.
OREGON
Albany. Through the acquisition recently
of several valuable old volumes regarding pio-
neer history the Albany Public Library now
has what is said to be one of the best collec-
tions of works on Oregon in the state. Mrs.
Viola Price Franklin, the librarian, has been
making special effort to obtain books of this
kind and has received several volumes as gifts
from pioneer citizens of Albany, and also
has bought a number of books with a fund
recently provided by the Modern Travelers, a
local club.
Woodburn. Word has been received from
the Carnegie Corporation of New York that
an appropriation of $10,000 has been made
for a suitable building to replace the frame
structure now in use, providing the city fur-
nishes the site and provides for upkeep and
maintenance. This has been done by the city,
and plans submitted to New York for ap-
proval of the Carnegie Corporation.
UTAH
Richmond. The Carnegie Library, which
has been under construction for some time, is
now completed, and the library committee at
its last meeting declared Sept. I, 1914, as the
opening day. In the meantime the library will
be equipped with shelving, furniture and
books. The state library commission has been
appealed to for assistance in this task.
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[April, 1914
Canada
Toronto. On March 2 the fourteenth
branch of the public library was opened.
This is the Beaches branch, and it is the re-
sult of a deputation which, nearly four years
ago, came to the Public Library Board and
asked for a Beaches branch to be established.
This library will be open on Tuesday, Thurs-
day and Saturday of each week from 2 to 6
o'clock and from 7 to 9 o'clock. Miss Nel-
son, of the Church Street Library, will be in
charge, and already some hundreds of Beach
residents have taken advantage of the day for
registration.
Foreign
GREAT BRITAIN
Bolton P. L. Archibald Sparke, Ibn. (6oth
annual rpt.— 1912-13.) Accessions 4768; total
number of volumes in libraries 133.525- Cir-
culation 500,428, as compared with 508,484 the
previous year. Total registration 32,439, as
compared with 34,422 the previous year.
There are now in use two central library
buildings; one, the Reference Library, in the
original quarters in the old Exchange, and
the Lending Library, in a separate building.
Neither building was intended for library
work, and the trustees now feel that a new
central building is a necessity. Besides the
two central buildings the library has six
branches.
Dublin. Nat. Library of Ireland. T. W.
Lyster, Ibn. (Rpt.— yr. ending Mar. 31, 1913.)
Accessions 4471 ; total number of volumes in
library 108,000. Total number of readers
190,657, an average of 683 per day.
During the year the greater part of the
European section has been cataloged on cards,
the author catalog has been largely revised,
and the main portion of the Dix collection of
"Belfast printed books" has been cataloged.
The "Bibliography of Irish philology and lit-
erature," on which work was begun in 1912,
was published. Various improvements have
been made in the building, giving temporary
relief from the congestion existing in some
departments, but it is felt that permanent re-
lief can be obtained only by completing the
building according to the original plan.
RUSSIA
The Russian library quarterly Bibliotekar
[Librarian] has completed its second year. In
the first six numbers are found many articles
on individual libraries, reports of library con-
gresses, and discussion of many questions of
theory and practice in library work. In the
following paragraphs are given a brief outline
of the contents of each number, showing the
general character of the field the magazine is
trying to cover.
No. i, 1912 contains an article by N. Safron-
eyev on the Kiev Public Library, which was
founded in February 1866. The progress made
since its foundation is described in great de-
tail. L. Chavkin takes the occasion of the
25th anniversary of the Charkov Public Li-
brary to give an account of its complete his-
tory. The library has grown from 1700
volumes in 1886 to 150,000 volumes at the
present time. An article by P. Bogdanov out-
lines the plans proposed for discussion at the
First Russian Library Congress, and an ac-
count is given of the discussion on library
matters at an educational convention held at
Moscow. In honor of the completion of his
fortieth year of activity in the literary and
educational world, an article describes his
work in these fields. E. Heinz contributes re-
ports of the German and Swiss conventions
of librarians.
The second issue gives an account of the
Odessa Public Library, founded in 1830.
This library now contains 175,000 volumes, and
at the present rate of increase it will soon
have 300,000 volumes on its shelves. The cost
of the new building was $239,000. E. Vetchin-
kin discusses in detail the "inventory system"
of cataloging. A. Voynich-Syanozhetzky takes
up the question of the disinfection of books,
mainly discussing an investigation by Drs.
F. Charitonov and M. Trigubenko.
Bogdanov reviews special library literature in
the Russian. There are also articles on the
libraries in the German Navy, on the Inter-
national Committee of the London Library
Association, the Egyptian library in Cairo, the
annual report of the British Museum, and on
E. A. Savage's book, "Old English libraries.
The making, collection and use of books dur-
ing the Middle Ages." Several pages are de-
voted to the activities of the various libraries
throughout Russia. According to its annual
report, the Russian Library Association has
grown in membership- from 159 in 1911 to 207
on Jan. i, 1912. The number of subscribers to
the official journal has increased during the
year from 335 to 536.
The last issue for 1912 was a double num-
ber (Bibliotekar is a quarterly). It contained
an article by A. Pokrovsky in appreciation of
the work of L. P. Vachterov in building up
children's libraries. Michael Kostin contrib-
utes an article on classification. Vladimir
Vosinsky writes on "The form of systematic
April, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
327
-cataloging." The number contains an inter-
esting article by Helen Schoenberg on the
"American librarian," describing the work in
public libraries, the circulation of books, chil-
dren's departments, school departments, school
and university libraries and special libraries.
A second article by Helen Schoenberg reports
the 34th annual A. L. A. convention. It is il-
lustrated by a photograph of Mrs. Elmendorf.
Courses in library work have been started in
the Universities of Moscow and St. Peters-
burg. Among the subjects taught are the
history of books, history of libraries, literature
at the end of the ipth century and at the
beginning of the 2Oth century, children's lit-
erature, children's libraries in America and
the methods employed therein, the cataloging
of books.
No. i, 1913, contains an article on the pres-
ent status of university libraries. It compares
the activities of the Russian libraries with the
German and other European libraries. In
emphasizing the necessity of the Russian Im-
perial Library's containing every important
work of public interest, A. Bielov describes
the scope of the Congressional Library at
Washington, and the parliamentary libraries
of England, Germany and Austria. An inter-
esting article is contributed by Y. Lukashe-
witz, on the binding of small pamphlets into
one volume. He believes that a small pam-
phlet, no matter how interesting it may be, is
lost sight of when bound by itself.
The second issue for 1913, the last num-
ber received, contains an article urging the
Russian Library Association to participate in
the work of the "International Organization
for the Systematizing and Simplification of Li-
brary Work." A. Plotnikov reviews in detail
the work of the Charkov public libraries.
Helen Schoenberg contributes a eulogy of the
late Dr. John Shaw Billings, and gives a de-
tailed account of his activities. The annual
report of the membership of the Russian Li-
brary Association shows that the membership
has increased by 9 during the year 1912. It
now totals 216.
CHILE
In the Biblioteca Nacional de Chile, which is
located in Santiago de Chile, the number of
readers in 1911 was 36,902, in 1912, 40,588;
increase, 10 per cent. Number of books
(works) used in 1911, 41,686; in 1912, 47,311;
increase, 13^ per cent. ; of these, 87 per cent,
were in Spanish, 9 per cent. French, 2.7 per
cent. English, .7 per cent. Italian, and .4 per
cent. German. The various classes were in
demand in the following order: works of
general reference, literature, history and geog-
raphy, social sciences, applied science, pure
science, philology, fine arts, philosophy, theol-
ogy. Number of books (works) circulated
for home use, 10,454. The Home Reading
section completed in 1912 its card catalog of
the 16,000 volumes available for circulation.
The above statistics are gleaned from the
Revlsta de Bibliografia, published by the li-
brary and reviewed elsewhere in this issue.
The same number of the Revista announces
the passing of an act by Congress, Jan. 20,
1913, authorizing the purchase of the Monas-
terio de las Claras for 3,300,000 pesos ($1,200,-
ooo) and the erection oh its site for
2,000,000 pesos ($730,000) of a new building
for the Biblioteca y Archives Nacionales.
The location at the foot of the beautiful Cerro
de Santa Lucia, is one of the most attractive
that could be found in Santiago.
INDIA
His Highness, the Maharaja Gaekwar of
Baroda has appointed Mr. Newton M. Dutt
as a curator of the Central Library, Baroda,
and reader to His Highness. Mr. Dutt is the
son of the late Dr. Khetter Mohan Dutt, a
Bengali who settled in England some years
ago. He is well known in English book circles,
having been with several of the leading pub-
lishing houses in London, including Cassells,
George Philip & Son, and Kegan Paul, Trub-
ner & Co. He was for thirteen years in the
service of Messrs. George Newnes. Ltd., first
as personal assistant to the publisher and subse-
quently in the editorial department. For seven
years he acted as a town and country repre-
sentative of this firm, which he left in 1910 to
join Messrs. Harper & Brothers.
THE LIBRARIAN'S MOTHER GOOSE
IV. j-DAY BOOK
Sing a song oj fiction
Thrillers by the score.
London, Reed and Oppenheim,
Mercy! — any more?
— Renee B. Stern.
LIBRARY WORK
Notes of developments in all branches of library activity, particularly as shown in current
library literature.
General
Library Education. Schools
TRAINING .CLASSES
Dr. Frank P. Hill, of the Brooklyn Public
Library, in his report for 1913 says:
"The result of the first full year of the
Training class conducted under the plan of
cooperation with the Pratt Institute Free Li-
brary was very satisfactory. Miss Julia A.
Hopkins, the head instructor, is a splendid
teacher, arid the experience of the past year
proved the advantage of extending the course
of theoretical instruction. It was also found
desirable to modify in a similar way the prac-
tical training of the candidates for library
service, and henceforth that part of the in-
struction will be made more formal, an entire
month being given to the instruction of the
apprentices, as a class, in routine work, such
as the charging and discharging of books,
registration of borrowers, etc., before they
are sent to the branches to put into practice
the instruction which has been given them.
"The rules governing the Training class
have been further modified to restrict the
number to be admitted to each class, and to
require all candidates for admission to pass
an 'adaptability' test, in addition to the for-
mal written examination. The entrance ex-
amination will therefore be made competitive,
since the number to be admitted will consist
of those who pass the examinations with the
highest percentage and who possess the best
qualifications for the work."
APPRENTICES
A new system of student help was inaugu-
rated last year in the library of Pomona Col-
lege, Claremont, Cal. It is the purpose to
make the library a practical training school in
library work. All student assistants who have
had no previous training are taken into the
library on an apprenticeship of ordinarily
seventy-five hours. At the end of this ap-
prenticeship period, if their work has been
satisfactory, they are received as regular
members of the staff, with a remunera-
tion of 15 c. an hour for the first year,
20 c. for the second year, and 25 c. for the
last two years. Their advancement, however,
from year to year is dependent upon the de-
gree of progress they have made. It is the
plan to give to each student assistant in addi-
tion to the regular desk work some particular
department for which he is responsible. He
is expected to master the details of this de-
partment thoroughly, and be able to render
information in regard to it at any time. As
time goes on, he will perhaps be shifted to
some other department, and thus will gain a
knowledge of the library as a whole.
Scope, Usefulness, Founding
Library Extension Work
LIBRARY AS A SOCIAL CENTER
At the winter school of the Riverside (Cal.)
Public Library the following suggestive list of
questions formulated on the library as a social
center was given to the students:
1. How would you make a social survey of
a town or city?
2. Name three social needs felt by everybody;
what agencies, good and evil, are an-
swering these needs?
3. How can the library answer them?
4. Outline a two months' series of regular
weekly "open meetings" for adults.
5. What can the library do for foreigners?
6. What are the municipal recreations of-
fered by the city of Riverside?
7. What can the library do for mothers?
8. What is the significance of folk-crafts?
9. What games, rest rooms or other recrea-
tional features would you recommend
for a library to install?
10. What is the ideal of community life?
LECTURE ROOMS, USE OF
The library a civic center. Mary Frances
Isom. Pub. Libs., Mr., 1914. p. 93-96.
Portland, Ore., has grown very rapidly dur-
ing the last decade. With pavements, sewers,
lights, school houses, it was not surprising
that the building of halls and other meeting
places was postponed. Here was the library's
opportunity. With accommodations limited,
the children's room and librarian's office at
the central building and reading rooms at
branches were used for occasional lectures,
teachers' committee meetings, etc.
During the past three years five branch
buildings have been erected, each with a small
April, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
329
auditorium and committee room, and each
equipped with a stereopticon. These rooms
are available without price for all public uses
except entertainments given for profit or self-
advertisement.
In the new central building opened last
September provision was made for greater
civic service. There is an auditorium seating
550, with moving picture machine and stereop-
ticon; a lecture room seating 125 (movable
chairs), furnished with a stereopticon with
balopticon attachment, and a gas plate; two
rooms on the third floor seating 100 each ; and
five committee rooms holding from 25 to 30.
There are also two large galleries suitable for
exhibits. The building is practically sound-
proof, and the upper lobbies cork-tiled, so the
people coming to the lectures in no way dis-
turb the readers.
Courses of lectures are being given by the
University of Oregon, Pacific University, and
Reed College. In addition art classes, teach-
ers' clubs, and all kinds of educational bodies
meet regularly in the library; the County
Teachers' Institute held a three days' session
in October ; flower shows and art exhibits
have been held in the galleries ; the street car
company gave a course of lectures of instruc-
tion to its employes, followed by a tour of
the building under the librarian's guidance;
the state medical examinations were held in
the library. From Sept. 8 to Dec. 31 the library
halls were used 386 times. As a result of this
increased familiarity with the building, in De-
cember registration increased 80 per cent., and
in January circulation reached 100,000.
Library Development and Cooperation
LIBRARY COOPERATION — NATIONAL
Plans for an American Federation for In-
tercommunication. Eugene F. McPike. Pub.
Libs., Mr., 1914. p. 113-114.
Some preliminary steps are being taken to
facilitate the exchange of useful information
regarding all subjects without restriction. This
would aim to include various information bu-
reaus now in existence. Some of the principal
ones are enumerated, with address, name of
secretary, and scope. Chicago is suggested
for headquarters, and European bureaus and
periodicals of similar purpose are touched
upon.
LIBRARY COOPERATION — STATE
The State University Library and state edu-
cational cooperation. Clarence W. Summer.
Pub. Libs., Mr., 1914. p. 99-101.
To-day we believe that every community
owes it to itself to have a library, and to have
a library that is a living, vital force in that
community. There is truth in the statement
that the real test of the value of the library
is in its use. The problem now is, how can
we increase the efficiency of our libraries and
extend their usefulness?
It is well known among librarians that col-
lege and university library development has
not kept pace with public library development.
The tendency of the university library has
been to serve only the university community.
Given sufficient support, the university might
render state-wide service by acting as a bu-
reau of general information on matters per-
taining to education, town and city govern-
ment, public health, civic improvement, and
other subjects of public interest. By cooper-
ating with the extension division of the uni-
versity, the library could command the ser-
vices of experts in preparing this information
for public use.
The library extension work now carried on
by extension departments is not to be under-
rated, but it is felt the library itself should
take some initiative in the work. The State
University Library in North Dakota is al-
ready doing much along this line. One mem-
ber of the staff devotes the greater part of
his time to this work, and additional help will
soon be needed. From September, 1911, to
May 31, 1913, 471 requests were received
from 126 different towns of the state. In
response to these requests the library sent out
612 books, 268 periodicals, 547 pamphlets, and
compiled 45 bibliographies.
PACKAGE LIBRARIES
Plans for a package library are being ma-
tured by the Public Education Association of
Philadelphia on the plan worked out in Wis-
consin. The package library collects the infor-
mation appearing in the press and magazines
by making thousands of clippings of every
live topic of importance of the day, putting
them in classified form and then distributing
them as needed to whoever makes application.
It is the plan of the Public Education Asso-
ciation to collect such material as will be of
use to members of its own organization, muni-
cipal employes, members of home and school
leagues, and university extension workers, and
then distribute it in the manner being em-
ployed by the University of Wisconsin. Miss
A. Smith, one of the secretaries of the asso-
ciation, who has made a study of the Wis-
consin system, will be in charge of the library,
330
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[April, 1914
which will be started as soon as sufficient
funds can be obtained to launch it.
TRAVELING LIBRARIES FOR GRANGES
The grange traveling library is a feature
of education work in some states that is prov-
ing very valuable. In one county in Ohio the
various granges of the county have formed a
library association, the officers of which are
a superintendent of librarians and the libra-
rian of each grange that owns a library. The
libraries cost $12 each, and each grange in
the association has one library in its posses-
sion all the time. Each grange has control
of its own library, can buy or sell books, pro-
vided the value of the library is not allowed
to fall below $12. It is the duty of the libra-
rian to keep a record of the books, the cost
of each volume and the number of times each
book has been drawn from the library. On
these various matters he reports to the super-
intendent of librarians every three months.
It is the duty of the latter officer to present
the subject of libraries to each grange in the
county, asking those not members of the li-
brary association if they will purchase a li-
brary and become members, or, in case they
are already in the association, if they will add
new books to their library. Care is taken that
there be no duplicates among the books. This
seems to be a very feasible working plan for
a grange to have the benefit of the reading of
a large number of books during the year at a
very slight expense, and it is to be com-
mended to granges everywhere.
Founding, Developing and Maintaining
Interest
COOPERATION WITH WOMEN'S CLUBS
The twenty-four women's clubs of Dayton,
O., have raised a fund of over $1000 to replace
children's books destroyed by the flood. They
are now completing arrangements to provide
each branch library with a stereopticon, and
at the opening of the new East Side Carnegie
branch they promised the giving of weekly
concerts and illustrated lectures at the branch,
and the arranging for "Community Christ-
mas trees" on the ground of the Central li-
brary and of each of the branches of the city.
LIBRARY; COOPERATION WITH WOMEN'S MISSION-
ARY SOCIETIES
The Public Library of Long Beach, Cal.,
has found in the women's missionary socie-
ties of the different churches a very effective
agency for bringing new patrons to know and
use its books. Before such cooperation was
possible the first need was to inform them of
what the library had which could be helpful
in their mission study work. To accomplish
this the ever-useful "Selected list" was largely
relied upon. A very comprehensive plan of
missionary reading was prepared, in which
each country was taken up in order, mention-
ing the best books relating to each. Fiction
and books of history and travel were named
as introductory to works written with the
purely missionary aim. Several hundred
copies of this list were made on the multi-
graph and distributed at the meetings of the
various societies. Other and briefer lists were
printed in some of the weekly church calen-
dars.
Besides these general lists, suitable for any
society, every effort has been made to meet
particular needs. The library is ready to fur-
nish lists of available material for classes pur-
suing definite lines of study, as well as to
give every aid to individuals in preparation of
papers. Suggestions are also invited as to the
purchase of books particularly desired for
special work.
To make the books of missionary interest
more conveniently accessible to those who come
to the library, they have been placed on a
separate shelf labeled "Missionary books."
This collection, numbering about 250, includes
lives of missionaries from the biographical
section and some especially selected travel
and descriptive works, as well as those which
belong distinctively to the class of missionary
books.
In occasional cases the library has not de-
pended upon the ladies coming to the library,
but has upon request sent collections of books
in charge of an attendant to a regular meet-
ing of the society. At these times the books
are always welcomed enthusiastically and
nearly the whole number sent is circulated.
Always there are some who in this way take
home their first library book. The officers of
the societies have remarked upon the benefit
to their work which has come from the wider
knowledge of the literature of missions.
LIBRARY TEAS.
The women in charge of the Public Li-
brary in Allendale, N. J., have found many
of their borrowers come from neighboring
villages and some from the surrounding coun-
try, both of which necessitate long walks
through the open country. To cheer and
warm these patrons, hot tea is served free of
charge every Monday and Friday afternoon
from 4 until 6.
April, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
331
Library Support. Funds
RAISING FUNDS
During recent weeks a large number of
box suppers have been held in Henry county,
Tennessee, the proceeds of which go to the
establishment of school libraries. The ben-
efits derived from these suppers so far will
give to the school libraries about $2000.
Library Buildings
Fixtures, Furniture, Fittings
FURNITURE.
Benches instead of chairs. Pub. Libs., Mr.,
1914. p. in.
George H. Locke, chief librarian of the Pub-
lic Library of Toronto, has made a special
study of children's rooms, and is now trying
the experiment of using benches instead of
chairs and tables, except for those who are
seriously studying. He believes that children,
being naturally restless, will find the benches
less troublesome to use, besides giving greater
opportunity for two or three to use the same
book. The article has an accompanying pic-
ture showing the benches in place in one of
the Toronto branches.
Government and Service
Staff
ClVIL SERVICE AND THE LIBRARY
Civil service in Illinois libraries. Pub. Libs.,
Mr., 1914. p. 107-108.
Under the present regime of civil service
examinations- for library positions, even the
graduate of the Library School of the Uni-
versity of Illinois may not take a library posi-
tion without first passing the civil service test.
In the State Library, where for the first time
an earnest effort is being made to systema-
tize the collections, a number of appointments
made solely for merit are being discredited as
lacking the authority of the civil service. Sim-
ilarly certain dismissals of attendants on the
charge of incompetency have been discoun-
tenanced on the ground that an attendant
was no more incompetent than she had ever
been, and an order was issued that all em-
ployes of the State Library who had not al-
ready passed the civil service examinations
should report for such an examination in
March.
Remuneration, Salaries, Pensions
SALARIES
Librarian C. E. McLenegan, of the Mil-
waukee Public Library, has solved the over-
time salary problem for the employes of the
library board. Beginning March i all library
assistants are to be paid by the hour, their
wages to be apportioned hourly upon the pres-
ent weekly or monthly basis. When they work
extra hours they will receive extra pay. Li-
brary workers are obliged to work overtime
and the board of trustees believes they should
be compensated therefor.
Holidays and Vacations
VACATIONS.
Refined cruelty. Pub. Libs., Mr., 1914. p.
106-107.
Editorial. Discusses the case of a Pennsyl-
vania librarian who was granted special leave
of absence for two weeks on account of ill
health, after continuous service for nineteen
years, during which time she had taken only
four vacations of more than one day. "It
may well be asked what right has any com-
munity to take advantage of the willingness
of a public servant to wear herself out in any
such fashion. It may well be questioned on
what basis such willingness rests. ... It
might not be a mistake for the Library Com-
mission of Pennsylvania to express itself and
take whatever steps might be possible to en-
force such an expression, as to the fair and
equitable treatment of librarians of public li-
braries, who cannot, or through fear will not,
speak for themselves/'
Rules for Readers
Special Privileges
SPECIAL PRIVILEGES FOR READERS
Library facilities for visitors to holiday re-
sorts. Henry D. Roberts. Lib. Assn. Rec.,
Ja., 1914. p. 11-17.
The authorities of most holiday resorts
spend considerable time and money to induce
visitors to come to their towns, but do little
for them after their arrival. Many people
base their selection of a holiday resort on the
attractions offered in the form of library, mu-
seum and art gallery. The writer, who is
director of the public library, museums, and
art galleries of Brighton, made inquiries in
twelve seaside and three inland resorts to
find out what library facilities are provided
for holiday visitors. In five towns they are
treated on the same lines as non-ratepaying
residents. In three others, residence of three
months entitles them to the privileges of per-
manent residents. In most of the others a
small charge is made. In all cases free use of
the reference facilities is given.
The writer suggests that a borrower bring-
332
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[April, 1914
ing a card from his home library should be
allowed to borrow books on it from any li-
brary. While there might be a few cases of
dishonesty, the pleasure given to others would
more than counter-balance the loss. Another
method would be for persons, before leaving
their own town, to obtain from their librarian
a form introducing the borrower, the home
library assuming the responsibility for any
loss.
It is also suggested that special privileges
be granted to those attending conferences in
holiday resorts, and that notices be posted in
the various hotels calling attention to the pro-
vincial papers in the library. The establish-
ment of an inquiry department, not only for
general information but also detailed infor-
mation about the town itself, is urged.
The paper by Mr. Foss on "Summer vaca-
tion cards," printed in the LIBRARY JOURNAL
for November, 1900, is quoted. While their
use in this country is now common, they seem
to be still unknown in England, and the writer
prefers the suggestions he has made as fur-
nishing a more satisfactory provision for
vacation reading.
Administration
Treatment of Special Material
DOCUMENTS AND PAMPHLETS, CARE OF
In the report of Pomona College, of Clare-
mont, Cal., for 1913, the method of caring for
documents and pamphlets received by the li-
brary is briefly described as follows :
"The material which we receive from par-
ticular departments of the government are
classified and placed in the regular stacks the
same as any other book. This is the method
which is best for us to employ until such
time as we shall become a government de-
pository. This method of handling docu-
ments of course necessitates a radically dif-
ferent procedure from that pursued in a de-
pository. The first task undertaken was to
check up the material which we already had
in the library and to devise a method of
checking the documents as they came in. One
member of the staff was given this depart-
ment as her special work. She was sent to
the Riverside Library during the Christmas
vacation to study their methods of checking.
The checking is now largely done. The next
task is to secure the necessary indexes to
make the material available. This will mean
the outlay of considerable money, and will
perhaps have to be delayed until funds are
provided for that purpose.
"In regard to pamphlets, the library has
adopted the following method : the pamphlets
are classified roughly and thrown into pam-
phlet boxes, which are numbered and placed
on the shelves in the stacks. At the same
time subject cards are made and placed in the
catalog, e.g., pamphlets on peace are classed
as 172, placed in the box so numbered, and
subject cards under 'Peace' are placed in the
card catalog."
Classification
DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION (DEWEY'S)
"A plan of labeling composing-room equip-
ment" is the title of an article by Dorr Kim-
ball in a recent copy of The American Printer.
The plan is an adaptation of the Dewey deci-
mal system, under which all the material in
the department is divided into ten main
classes, as follows.
0 General
1 Linotype
2 Monotype
3 Cuts
4 Ornaments
5 Brass and metal rule
6 Blanking material
7 Type
8 Proving material
9 Lock-up material
Subdivisions under each of these main heads
are worked out, providing a place for every
article in use in the composing room, and an
index to the whole is shown.
Is it desirable to introduce the decimal clas-
sification of the International Bibliographical
Institute into Russian public libraries? P.
Bogdanov. Bibliotekar [Librarian], no. 4, 1913
(winter number), p. 293-304.
The question of the advisability of introduc-
ing the decimal classification of the Interna-
tional Bibliographical Institute into Rus-
sian libraries in general, and into the
public libraries in particular, is a very
serious one. Two years ago when the first
Russian library convention took place the
question was under consideration, but the
members of the convention being not suffi-
ciently informed decided to leave the question
open. Since that time the decimal classifica-
tion has won more adherents, and is now be-
ing used in Russian bibliographical works,
bulletins, etc.
The Bibliotekar (the Russian library jour-
nal) printed in 1912 (nos. 3-4) an article on
the decimal classification by M. Kostin, and
April, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
333
another in 1913 (no. 3) by A. A. Pokrovski.
Both writers urge its adoption. Mr. Pokrovski
was for some time strongly against it, but
changed his mind after having used it. Mr.
Bogdanov agrees that figures are the simplest
possible indicia of classification, for either in-
dex purposes or still more for the systematic
arranging of books on the shelves. M. Pok-
rovski admits that the system has its faults,
but points out that now that the system is so
widely accepted in western Europe he ad-
vises its use in Russia. This writer does not,
however, accept these reasons for adopting it.
He points out that though many European and
American libraries use it, the Germans are
working on a uniform catalog, Library of
Congress made a different system, the Brus-
sels Royal Library did not accept it — so the
system, though international, is not universal.
The advocates of the decimal classification
in turn show its flexibility, minute sub-classi-
fication, adaptability for expansion, etc. Rus-
sia has now 15,000 libraries ; allowing 100 read-
ers to a library it will make one and a half mil-
lion readers who must use a catalog easy to
handle. Ninety per cent, of these readers call for
books of fiction. In the decimal classification
Russian literature is 891.7. It is not that the
national pride will suffer from making Rus-
sian literature thus remote — it is practically
a nuisance.
The writer also criticises the necessity of
using more than one digit for even the small-
est libraries. Libraries of 500 volumes or less,
he says, would find it difficult to use a class
number consisting of more than a single digit
— two figure numbers being too complex for
them!
The writer also criticises the undue im-
portance (from a popular library standpoint
at least) given philosophy, philology or re-
ligion and the location of medicine in the
classification.
Binding
BINDING
The Brooklyn Public Library publishes the
following statistics ot binding in its report for
1913 :
"During the year 37,134 volumes (exclusive
of periodicals) were bound by the Chivers
Bookbinding Company, at an average cost of
59 cents, as compared with 57 cents the pre-
ceding year; 312 Yiddish books were bound by
S. Rosenblum, at an average cost of 50 cents ;
689 volumes of periodicals and newspapers
from Montague branch were bound by Chi-
vers, at an average cost of $1.87; and 1000
volumes by Henry Blackwell, at an average
cost of $1.07; 838 volumes of periodicals from
the other branches were bound, at an average
cost of $1.07; 107 volumes of fiction were
bound by William Crawford, at an average
cost of 49 cents. The increase in the average
cost of binding was due to the greater pro-
portion of books of larger size, as well as to
a greater use of the better grade of binding.
"During the year statistics were kept of the
average circulation of certain discarded books,
with the following results:
No. of Vols. Aver, issues Aver, issues
1913 1913 191-2
1501 adult fiction bought in
"A's" binding 102 in
1862 adult fiction rebound by
'"A," average circu-
lation after rebinding. 87 98
82 adult, fiction, rebound by
"B" 86 79
38 adult fiction, rebound by
«C" ....... 73 69
735 juveniles bought in
"A's" binding 83 83
365 juveniles rebound by
"A" 67 75
144 juveniles bought rein-
forced in publishers'
covers 34 3$
"The decrease this year in the number of
issues of books in Chivers' binding is prob-
ably due to the poorer grades of paper used
by the publishers. Indeed as the cost of
books to libraries increases, the paper, print,
and binding seem to decrease in quality.
"During the last five years an attempt has
been made to ascertain answers to the follow-
ing questions: (i) To what an extent is the
present method of library bookbinding supe-
rior to the methods used before the book-
binding reformation of ten years ago? (2)
Which of the bookbinders using the modern
methods can give us the greatest number of
issues per volume?
"Thousands of books of the same type
(adult fiction) have been examined and their
circulation under similar conditions com-
pared. The books from the binders using the
old methods show an average number of issues
of 48. By use of improved methods the aver-
age number of issues was increased all the
way from 50% for Binder "C" to 100% for
Binder "A," thus doubling the life of the book
in the case of the best binding. The books
from the modern binders show a circulation
as follows:
Binder "A" 99 issues per volume.
Binder "B" 82 issues per volume.
Binder "C' 71 issues per volume.
"It seems improbable that future statistics
will change this comparison very materially.
334
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[April, 1914
It will, therefore, probably be unnecessary to
continue the careful compilation of statistics
of circulation, but more attention should be
given, in cooperation with the library binders,
to the study of exceptional books to determine
whether such books will give better service if
reinforced, rebound, linen-guarded, or other-
wise treated. Certain books, which in the
case of juveniles seem to be the more expen-
sive picture books, give out very quickly after
purchase in spite of any treatment which the
binders have hitherto been able to devise. A
study of these cases may influence our pur-
chases. A book costing $i and showing a
circulation of 25 is four times as expensive
for the library as one costing the same amount
with a circulation of 100."
Shelf Department
BOOKS AS DISEASE CARRIERS
Books as a source of disease. William R.
Reinick. Amer. Jour, of Pharmacy, Ja., 1914.
P- 13-25.
An article intended to show that books are
excellent hiding places for bacteria, and that
the same care should be used with them as in
handling other objects of like character. The
evidence is slight, but seems conclusive, that
books may carry disease, though many reput-
able physicians still deny it. Apparatus for
pursuing experiments is quite expensive, a
cause which deters many young physicians
from conducting investigations, and the great
surface covered by the pages of the books
means long and tedious experiments.
In preparing data for this article, a circular
letter was sent to the boards of health of
each state and of forty-one cities. Only about
30% of the letters were answered, and very
little information of value was obtained. A
number of cases observed by physicians dur-
ing practice are cited, tending to prove that
books acted as carriers of a number of dif-
ferent diseases.
The trustees of the Chicago Public Library
had some investigations made along this line,
and abstracts are taken from the report made
to them.
Killing germs by disinfection is considered
of very little use, as the gases do not pene-
trate the interior of the volumes. Likewise
sterilization, both steam and hot air, is con-
sidered of little value, and in both forms is
injurious to the book. In general careful
dusting and plenty of fresh air in a library is
sufficient care for books under ordinary con-
ditions.
Libraries on Special Subjects
BUSINESS LIBRARIES
A library for business men; how the New-
ark Public Library has made itself a live and
useful factor in business activities. E. Leslie
Gilliam. System, Ag., 1913, P- 188-190.
Newark is essentially a manufacturing city,
and in this business branch has been collected
a large amount of trade literature — maps of
railway and freight routes, all kinds of time
tables, city and trade directories, trade jour-
nals of both general and specialized interest,
house organs, reports of scientific societies
and magazines relating to all aspects of busi-
ness. The library thus appeals to business
men as practical users of every printed thing
that can help them to improve and enlarge
their business. Special effort is made to have
all material so accessible that inquiries may
be made by telephone and receive" prompt
reply.
Music
Music in public libraries, with special notes
on the "John B. M. Camm Music Reference
Library," and a comparison of the classifica-
tions of music. Charles Riddle. Lib. Assn.
Rec., Ja., 1914. p. i-io.
While most librarians are alive to the im-
portance of music and many are forming mu-
sic sections in their libraries, little has been
written on the subject. We are a music-
loving people, all grades of society showing
an active interest in music, and there cannot
be any reasonable objection to the provision
of music in libraries. This should include
piano and vocal scores of the principal ora-
torios and other choral works ; songs and
ballads; choral and vocal practice (a selection
of the principal schools of instruction) ; sa-
cred music ; works for piano, violin, and 'cello,
and other instrumental music according to
the needs of the district. Opera scores and
the best of the musical comedies should be
included. Musical literature should include
essays, theory and technique, harmony and
composition, history and biography. The
"Guide to the formation of a music library,"
by James Duff Brown, is the best book of in-
formation at present. Full orchestral scores
are not recommended because of the expense ;
but Donajowski's miniature scores, including
some 200 of the best-known, are good and
reasonable in price. Recommendations for re-
binding these scores and separate parts at
slight expense are given. Separate parts are
kept in a pocket on the inside back cover.
April, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
335
The library formed by Mr. Camm numbers
nearly 4000 pieces, and has been presented to
the library at Bournemouth. Its main feature
is the wealth of full scores. Certain parts of
the collection may be circulated among music
students at the discretion of the chief libra-
rian. With this library as a nucleus, it is
hoped in time to build up such an interest in
things musical as will make Bournemouth one
of the music centers of England.
In comparing the three principal systems of
classification, with regard to music, it is found
that Brown places Symphonies in €762, with
no allowance for expansion, as Overtures are
placed in €763. Dewey puts Symphonies in
785.1, with all the rest of Orchestral music in
785.2. The Library of Congress has provided
for the Symphonic poem by giving it a num-
ber, 1002, following Symphony, 1001. For
large collections the Library of Congress sys-
tem is recommended, and for small ones
Brown's system, with intercalated numbers.
General Libraries
State and Government
LEGISLATIVE REFERENCE BUREAUS
The legislative reference bureau as a factor
in state development. Addison E. Sheldon.
Spec. Libs., Ja., 1914. p. 2-8.
"The legislative reference bureau is an insti-
tution which gives condensed, comprehensive,
impartial, accurate information on any sub-
ject under the sun upon five minutes' notice.
. . . Democracy is the key word of modern
social life. Beyond democracy is cooperation.
However widely democracy may spread, there
must always be some delegation of power,
some committee chosen from the whole as-
sembly to act in its stead and submit its find-
ings and its judgments to the assembly."
These committees ought to be well informed.
To condense the mass of material on every
prominent proposition before the present day
legislature, to give the principal facts, leading
arguments and authorities on a single type-
written sheet, for the use of these committees,
is the function of the legislative reference
bureau. In the Nebraska legislature last win-
ter, in a session covering 75 days of 5 hours
each, there were presented 1346 bills for con-
sideration. Of this mass, 263 were passed and
signed by the governor. To accomplish this
organized and well-digested data on the bills
for the use of the members was imperative,
and it is this need which has called into ex-
istence the modern legislative reference bu-
reau, now found in thirty-four states. Con-
crete cases in which the Nebraska bureau has
been invaluable to the legislator are cited,
showing the relation of the bureau as a col-
lector and organizer of information to the
cause of state development. Other qualities
than an ability to catalog and condense, neces-
sary in a reference bureau, are qualities of
social leadership and the possession of social
ideals. It is not enough to gather and sift all
the material on a subject. The results must
be clearly presented in simple form and given,
not only to the legislators, but to the great
body of the people. This work many refer-
ence bureaus are now doing.
The Nebraska bureau is affiliated with the
state university. It teaches university classes
in Nebraska history and directs research work
and publication in that field, and cooperates
with other departments.
To prevent over-legislation, a plan is now in
operation providing that important matters
shall have the right of way, and that all im-
portant legislation in the state shall be pre-
pared by an unpaid commission or legislative
committee working for two years or more in
cooperation with the legislative bureau. Pub-
lic hearings will be held during this time, be-
fore bringing the bill up for enactment. Un-
der this plan committees are now at work on
reform of legislative procedure and the state
budget, on the conservation of water power
in Nebraska, on changes in the state's system
of taxation, and a revision of the school code.
In each case the bureau gathers and arranges
the material.
Reading and Aids
Work with Children
CHILDREN, WORK WITH
In a recent Sunday issue of the Chicago
Inter-Ocean there was a full-page article on
"Favorite books read by boys of Chicago,"
the result of an interview with Mr. Legler.
According to the latter, "the boy's romance of
to-day is literal, technical, tight, efficient and
matter of fact. There is less blood and more
machinery in it. The author has substituted
technical education for the old romance be-
cause the boy demands it. Writers who deal
with the gay North road, the Spanish Main,
the running of contraband goods and the
burning of prairie homesteads are swept aside
and their work regarded as impossible. Even
Jules Verne is old-fashioned. The boy ap-
proaches his fiction looking through the eyes
336
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[April, 1914
of a professor of science, and in method is as
critical as a highly trained engineer. An ex-
amination of the selection of the books in the
same class of 1913, remembering the stories
that passed for boys' fiction thirty years ago,
proves more than any other comparison we
could cite that the age of romance is not only
dead, but almost a forgotten memory."
Literary Methods and Appliances
Library Appliances
LIBRARY BLANK BOOKS
Willis K. Stetson of the New Haven Public
Library, writes to the Bulletin of Bibliography
that he has found of great use the blank book
called by teachers a roll-book, and found at
stationers. It has vertical columns for the
days of the month, but no printing. It is use-
ful for entering receipt of current periodicals,
also has sufficient number of columns for all
the decimal classes, both adult and juvenile,
hence circulation records, and any other rec-
ords according to classification can easily be
kept with a minimum of trouble, and the cost
of the blank books is small.
SUPPLIES
Library supplies. F. W. Jenkins. Pub. Libs.,
Mr., 1914. p. 104.
This is a letter answering queries resulting
from the paper in Public Libraries for Decem-
ber, describing certain methods and supplies
used by the Russell Sage Foundation Library.
The letter gives reason for not using Library
of Congress cards, describes more in detail the
use of wood alcohol to remove shellac, tells
where red-topped cards may be bought, de-
scribes the Kee Lox ribbon, gives process of
varnishing books, and discusses Gaylord
gummed cloth.
Communications
VALUATION OF CARD CATALOG?
To the Readers of the Library Journal:
Recently I was informed by the secretary
of the business committee of the Board of
Trustees of my library that the trustees had
placed a blanket insurance upon the property
of the library, which meant, so he told me,
that more insurance was carried at a lower
rate, but with the full understanding that in
case of fire full valuation would be paid out
by the fire insurance company. And I was asked
to make an estimate upon the books of the li-
brary and the movable property, all of which
was done, and made a pleasant change in the
routine work of the country librarian. But I
was puzzled when I asked myself the value
of the card catalog. I would like to hear
from others, who have had similar questions,
what should be the value placed upon the most
precious and indispensable catalog?
PUZZLED LIBRARIAN.
MAGAZINES AT BARGAIN PRICES
Editor Library Journal:
A circular which should prove of more than
passing interest to the librarians of small pub-
lic libraries, especially those with limited ap-
propriations— and what libraries are exempt
from this class? — and possibly to others, has
come to my attention.
One Nelson Doubleday, of Locust Valley,
N. Y., issues this leaflet entitled "The new de-
ferred subscription plan ; the very best maga-
zines at colossal discounts, because they are
deferred subscriptions." His copies are new
ones bought from those returned by newsdeal-
ers to the publishers. His plan is to send the
magazines regularly, but each a month late.
There are listed a dozen magazines, the fol-
lowing being among those generally found in
libraries :
Regular price Deferred plan
Lippincott's $3-oo $0.80
McClure's 1.50 .75
Harper's Weekly 5.00 1.50
Review of Revtezvs 3.00
Travel 3.00
House and Garden 3.00
World's Work 3.00
House Beautiful 3.00
Outing 3.00
I am unaware that any library has tried this.
Very truly,
HAROLD T. DOUGHERTY.
Pawtucket, R. I.
Xibrari? Galenfcar
Apr. 9. Chicago Library Club. Chicago Pub-
lic Library.
Apr. 21. Milwaukee Library Club.
Apr. 28-30. Oklahoma Library Association.
El Reno.
May ii. Pennsylvania Library Club. Acad-
emy of Natural Science.
May 25-30. American Library Association,
Annual meeting, Washington, D. C.
Aug. 3 1 -Sept. 4. Library Association (Eng-
lish). Annual meeting, Oxford.
I.OO
I.OO
1. 10
I.OO
I.OO
I. CO
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
VOL. 39
MAY, 1914
No. 5
1914 should be the banner travel year.
The Washington conference should be one
of the most representative conferences
which the A. L. A. has held, for every
librarian should know the nation's capital
and the Library of Congress almost as a
professional duty. The Memorial Con-
tinental Hall of the D. A. R. is ample for
the largest general session, and the pro-
gram, summarized elsewhere, should in-
terest and inform all comers. By all means
spend a personal quarter for the Washing-
ton Standard Guide with its copious illus-
trations of the Library of Congress build-
ing, which should be in every library.
Washington is becoming a place of pil-
grimage for the nation, and librarians
should be able to tell their patrons all
about it.
THE alternative of southern and north-
ern routes should entice a goodly num-
ber to Europe; the Leipzig Exposition
of the Book will be the objective point of
both parties, and Theodore W. Koch, of
the University of Michigan Library, should
be at this writing in Leipzig installing the
A. L. A. exhibit. Of this exhibit one of
the most interesting features will be the
model of the Brooklyn type of branch li-
brary, of which an illustration is given in
this issue. Both parties should see the
magnificent Royal Library at Berlin, now
formally opened, at which Dr. Schwenke
will make welcome the American visitors.
The Bibliotheque Nationale in Paris should
be the next objective point, and Mr. Koch's
excellent articles upon the French national
library, of which the first is printed in this
issue, will give adequate preliminary knowl-
edge. Then should come the British Mu-
seum, which he has already so well de-
scribed, and finally the Oxford meeting,
from which several of the American dele-
gates will depart on Saturday, Sept. 5, to
take the steamer sailing from Liverpool
that afternoon. Those who begin with
Washington and follow this round will
have seen the four great libraries of the
world, in addition to the greatest of univer-
sity centers with its ancient Bodleian Li-
brary. It is certainly worth while to make
every effort to utilize in this delightful way
so unusual an opportunity for professional
equipment.
THE destruction of the Morristown (N.
J.) Public Library some weeks since should
emphasize the importance of guarding
against fire loss in libraries, for which in-
surance will but poorly compensate. Hap-
pily libraries in this country are not sub-
ject to destruction by an "arson squad" of
militant suffragettes, such as destroyed the
Carnegie Library in Northfield, England,
though "pyromaniacs" of another sort are
not altogether unknown here. A library in
a block of business buildings, as at Morris-
town, should soon be a thing of the past,
but the important collection of the old
Brooklyn Library in Montague street,
which was given to the Brooklyn Public
Library system, is in that very danger,
pending the completion of the first wing
of the central library building, which is de-
layed by lack of city appropriation. But
isolated and "fireproof" libraries are not
without their dangers; and there should be
fire drills, not only to provide for the safe
exit of employes and public, but for the
designation and saving of the most impor-
tant part of the collection, in case of in-
terior fire. Almost every library has
special lines or a local collection or indi-
vidual books which cannot be replaced,
and which, whether insured or not, are
literally beyond price. The precaution in-
dicated may lead to a salvage of invaluable
treasures which might otherwise prove an
irreparable loss.
338
I HE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[May, 1914
THE storm center of the library world is
now at Seattle, where Mr. Jennings' en-
deavors to get trained assistants, graduates
of library schools, have provoked the local
mayor into action in defense of neglected
taxpayers or their wives, their cousins and
their aunts, who seek positions in the li-
brary. The majority of the board sup-
ports Mr. Jennings, tut the mayor is un-
dertaking to remove a woman member who
will not do his bidding, and threatens if
necessary to remove the whole board. The
mayor should next provide the city hos-
pital with unprofessional attendants, who
can be hired at much lower salaries than
physicians and nurses who have been at
the foolish pains of graduating from med-
ical colleges and training classes. The one
seems as logical as the other.
THE American Library Association is
getting on in years, and its earlier mem-
bers are enjoying pleasant recognition
of long service. Mr. C. A. Nelson, who
has been in library service for more than
half a century, celebrated his seventy-fifth
birthday last month; Mr. W. T. Peoples,
of the Mercantile Library, the next oldest
veteran still in library service in New
York, has passed his seventieth year of
age and his fortieth of library experience,
and is again at his post after sad months
of hospital experience, with sight restored
by operations for cataract. The younger
generation is also passing milestones, and
the library school at Albany pleasantly
commemorated the twenty-five years of
service which Miss Woodworth, Miss Jones
and Mr. Biscoe have given there since
their graduation from the school in its
earliest years. Mr. Eastman, one of the
very early graduates, has already been put
on the retired list cum laude, after like
service, but as is the case with Mr. Nel-
son, retirement has meant but another
phase of library activity. Honor to whom
honor is due !
APOLOGY is due Mr. Joseph L. Wheeler,
assistant librarian of the Los Angeles Pub-
lic Library, as the author of the interesting
paper on "Library publicity," which was
printed in the last issue of the JOURNAL,
with credit to Mr. Everett R. Perry, of
Los Angeles, as its author. The error re-
sulted from the changes at the office desk
last year, which have caused us already to
make other apologies. Readers of that pa-
per will kindly give Mr. Wheeler the credit
it should earn for him.
IT is gratifying to note that our Canadian
brethren are making progress in library as-
sociations, and that a new provincial or-
ganization will be represented at the Wash-
ington conference. The new development
is in Saskatchewan, which has just com-
pleted the formation of the Saskatchewan
Library Association, the second in the Do-
minion, which we hope may emulate not
only the example but the success of the sis-
ter association in the Province of Ontario.
The latter province compares favorably
with our own banner states in library de-
velopment, and Saskatchewan may well fol-
low its example. It is of especial interest
that the movement originated at Regina,
which has taken phoenix-like rebirth since
the devastation which occurred while the
American Library Association was in ses-
sion at Ottawa.
THE offices of the LIBRARY JOURNAL as
well as of the other periodicals and publi-
cations of the R. R. Bowker Company
have been removed to 241 West Thirty-
seventh street, west of Broadway and four
blocks north of the new Pennsylvania
Station and of the new general postoffice.
The new location is within easy walking
distance of the New York Public Library.
It can be reached most easily from the
Times square subway station or the Thirty-
eighth street station of the Sixth avenue
elevated line; also by the Thirty- fourth
street or Forty-second street crosstown
cars as well as by the Seventh avenue and
Eighth avenue surface lines. It is hoped
that our library friends will find the loca-
tion more accessible than the quarters oc-
cupied for the past year on the east side.
THE BIBLIOTHEQUE NATIONALS
FIRST PAPER: ORGANIZATION AND HISTORY
BY THEODORE W. KOCH, Librarian, University of Michigan
THE Bibliotheque Nationale has been
called at different times by a variety of
names. It has in turn been the King's
Library, the Royal Library, the Imperial
Library, and the National Library. For
a long period it was the private library of
the kings of France, before becoming a
public institution put at the service of the
learned of all countries.
Pepin the Short (d. 768) was one of the
early Frankish kings who had, it would
seem, in his possession a collection of
manuscripts. Pope Paul I speaks in a let-
ter to the king of several works that he is
sending him. Charlemagne formed at
Aix-la-Chapelle a library which seems to
have been quite a considerable one for that
period. He had at his court a group of
copyists who issued numerous volumes.
Some of these were kept for the use of the
school attached to the palace, or for the
use of the members of the imperial family ;
the others were presented to different mon-
asteries. From the Charlemagne collection
came the Gospels written about 781 by
Godescalc, still preserved at the Biblio-
theque Nationale. Louis the Pious (778-
840) also made a collection of manuscripts,
but it does not seem to have had any great
importance. The copy of the Gospels
which he sent to the Abbey of St. Medard
de Soissons is to-day at the Bibliotheque
Nationale.
One must come down to the time of St.
Louis (1215-1270) to find information on
books possessed by the kings of France
worthy of being noted. The testimony of
Geoff roy de Beaul.:eu and of the confessor
of Queen Marguerite are quite explicit.
St. Louis had collected and placed in one
part of the Sainte Chapelle a real library.
He himself sometimes went there to work,
and admission was willingly granted to the
scholars or the priests who requested it.
On his death he left his manuscripts to
four religious communities. From this se-
ries there eventually came to the Biblio-
theque Nationale a psalter which, after
having belonged to Charles V and Charles
VI, had passed to the convent of Poissy
and from there into Russia, whence it was
restored to France by Prince Galitzin. •
The immediate successors to St. Louis
did not show the same taste for books as
he had exhibited. Different works were
indeed added by them, but they do not seem
to have given serious thought to building
up the collection. King John always showed
a good deal of taste in his books, and spent
considerable time with them during his cap-
tivity. He had with him in 1356 at the
battle of Poitiers a "Bible historiale,"
which is to-day in the .British Museum,
and the "Book of miracles of Notre Dame
de Gautier de Coincy," which is now at
the seminary of Soissons.
Charles V must be considered as the real
founder of the library. He is in fact the
first to have organized a library not only to
satisfy his personal tastes, but also to fur-
nish scholars with the means of work.
Christine de Pisan, who had seen the li-
brary on several occasions, spoke of the
wisdom of the king and of the great love
which he had for study and science, shown
by the fine collection of noteworthy booKs
and the splendid library which he had of
the most notable volumes by the foremost
authors. Charles was not content with
buying or having copies made of the books
which were then the most appreciated; he
also had others translated "for the use of
the kingdom and Christianity." He is char-
acterized by Delisle as one "who always
loved the sciences and honored the good
clerics." In 1367 or 1368 he had his books
transferred from the palace in the lie de la
Cite to a tower at the Louvre, where he
installed them in three rooms, which he
had carefully prepared for them. The col-
lection was celebrated as a marvel by all
the king's contemporaries. Gilles Malet,
340
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[May, 1514
his valet de chambre, to whom he entrusted
the care of the books, and "who read sur-
passingly well, above all others," made an
inventory of them in 1373. After the death
of Malet in 1411, Jean le Begue was in-
structed to make a new inventory. This
work was done partly if not entirely by
Oudart Boschot. These inventories have
been carefully edited by Delisle. They are
among the most curious literary monu-
ments of the middle ages. One can see
there what were the books most highly
prized at that time, and can learn what fed
the literary spirit of the learned men of
that day. The principal works of antiquity
are found side by side with the romances of
chivalry. Livy and Sallust rub shoulders
with accounts of the Trojan war and the
Golden Legend. Books on chiromancy,
necromancy and the "moralities of chess"
are scattered among editions of Aristotle,
Seneca, Euclid and Boethius. But in spite
of its imperfections the library in the
Louvre was at that time very useful. The
miniatures in the manuscripts and the fine
bindings on the books did not prevent the
king from loaning them to private individ-
uals, to churches, to colleges and to mon-
asteries. Unfortunately this fine library did
not survive its founder. It was, so to speak,
pillaged by different members of the royal
family who were free to take, "as in an
ordinary shop," all the volumes which they
might want, and they did not take the
trouble to return them. Charles VI showed
himself guilty of some negligence, draw-
ing for his own use various books which
he never put back. In April, 1424, three
booksellers were instructed to place an es-
timate on what remained of this collection,
which was bought by the Duke of Bedford,
who took definite possession of it on June
22, 1425, but who transported it to Eng-
land and later sold it piecemeal. Of the
two hundred volumes which it contained,
Delisle thought that hardly fifty survive
to-day.
Some of the successors of Charles V
were equally fond of books, but the collec-
tions which they made had nothing lasting
and they were always dispersed at their
death. Louis XII was the first who tried
faithfully to preserve the books gathered
by his predecessor. He seems to have had
the idea that they were not the personal
property of himself, but that they formed
a sort of public depot open to the savants
of France and of other countries. With
this idea the foundation o;f the library was
laid.
Delisle has traced with scrupulous care
the history of the various collections which
went to make up the King's Library. It
met with unexpected good fortune. The
Italian wars, disastrous to France, were
profitable to the library, and the French
army, though defeated, was able to bring
back from Milan books that had belonged
to the Visconti and the Sforza families.
Francis I was seized with a passion for
Greek manuscripts, and he was tireless in
sending out envoys to search for them.
His ambassadors at Venice were kept busy
collecting or copying them. The library
established at Blois by Louis XII was
transported to Fontainebleau by Francis I
and definitely installed in Paris towards the
end of the reign of Charles IX. During
the troublous time of the League the good
fortune of the library seemed to be in peril.
The librarian, Jean Gosselin, tells naively
how, not being able by himself to stop the
leaguers when the riot ruled, he securely
locked and bolted the door, and went to
reside at Melun, which was under the pro-
tection of the king. Despite the bolt and
the padlock there was much pillaging dur-
ing his absence, and marauders were seen
carrying away large packages under their
cloaks. President Brisson, who was an ar-
dent book lover, took the library under his
protection, but he himself borrowed some
volumes which he never returned, and
which his widow sold for a pittance.
From the end of the fifteenth century
the King's Library contained a collection
of printed books. Charles VIII gathered a
certain number of them which had be-
longed to the library of the Spanish kings
of Naples. Charles VIII and his successor,
Louis XII, collected several, which the
bookseller Berard had decorated with or-
nate bindings. From the beginning of the
reign of Francis I the collection made
B1BI.IOTHEQUE NATIONALE — COURT OF ADMINISTRATION (RUE DES PETITS-CHAMPS)
B1BLIOTHEQUE NATIONALE — COURT OF HONOR (RUE DE RICHELIEU)
May, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
341
rapid strides. However, up to the begin-
ning of the seventeenth century the King's
Library consisted principally of manu-
scripts, in. the midst of which the books
were thinly scattered. Not until the time
of Louis XIII was an attempt made to es-
tablish a collection of printed books. This
was done by Nicolas Rigault, about 1622,
and there were associated with him Sau-
maise and Hautin. At the beginning of
the reign of. Louis XIII the King's Library
consisted of ( i ) an old collection of manu-
scripts numbering about 2069, of which the
classification numerals were at that time
written at the head of each volume in
Roman numerals surmounted by a horizon-
tal line; (2) a collection, comparatively
new, consisting of 2643 volumes, some
manuscripts and some printed books of
which the classification numbers were in-
scribed in letters or in Roman numerals
not surmounted by a line. In the new col-
lection the books were mixed without any
order in the midst of the manuscripts, as
one can see from the inventory.
The reign of Louis XIV was marked by
numerous acquisitions- and by important
gifts. The grand monarch interested him-
self personally in the growth of the library,
visited it several times and intervened on
several occasions in the administration.
Colbert as superintendent of buildings ren-
dered the king services of great value to
the library. In 1666 the library was trans-
" ferred from the Rue de la Harpe to one of
his houses in the Rue Vivienne. The first
important acquisition secured after the ac-
cession of Louis XIV was that of a part
of the collection of the Dupuy brothers.
This collection, begun by Claude Dupuy and
continued by his brothers, Pierre and Jac-
ques, contained more than 9000 volumes
and 260 manuscripts, together with a large
quantity of legal, historical and literary
documents. The printed books and manu-
scripts were alone included in the gift
which Jacques Dupuy, the last survivor,
made to the king in 1652. The remainder
of the collection, which formed 798 folio
volumes and about 39 quarto volumes, were
bequeathed to de Thou, who sold them to-
gether with his library in 1680 to President
Charron de Menars, in whose hands the
collection increased by nearly 600 volumes.
His heirs sold it in 1720 to the Procureur
General Joly de Fleury, who in turn passed
it on to the library. Gaston d'Orleans pre-
sented to Louis XIV books, manuscripts,
medals, miniatures, prints, and rarities
which he had gathered in his palace at
Luxembourg.
During the reign of Louis XIV the li-
brary acquired the portfolios of Gaignieres,
a young man attached to the house of Mile,
de Guise, who had conceived the idea of
collecting curiosities of all sorts and of
selecting pieces which could illustrate his-
tory in general, but especially genealogy
and the chronology of the bishops and
church officials. He was anxious to pos-
sess the portraits of the principal person-
ages and the graphic portrayal of historical
scenes. Assisted by his valet and an able
designer, Gaignieres succeeded in bringing
together one of the richest collections of its
kind which a private individual had ever
possessed. As he grew older he shuddered
at the thought that any of his precious col-
lection might some day be scattered and
fall into the hands of the ignorant rich, or
of mediocre amateurs, and in order to pre-
vent this disaster he decided to present the
collection to the king. This he did in 1711,
reserving for himself a modest annuity.
Gaignieres was subjected to the humiliation
of having his friend Clairambault put in
charge of the collection, and the latter
spared him no humiliation. Clairambault,
who was also a collector, apparently needed
watching himself, as Delisle has noted more
than a hundred volumes in the handwriting
of Gaignieres or annotated by him, which
Clairambault had appropriated to himself.
The French Revolution opened an era of
prosperity for the library. It brought to it
a large number of precious collections, but
in such rapid succession and confusion that
it was impossible to gather and save all
that ought regularly to have gone there.
The consequences of the disorder which
followed were felt for a long time after-
wards. The books and manuscripts which
fell into the public domain through the
suppression of religious establishments or
342
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[May, 1914
the confiscation of the goods of the refu-
gees were gathered into vast storage places
opened in different parts of Paris. In 1794
there were at least nine of these. The
administration of these "depots litteraires"
was entrusted in turn to the various com-
missions and councils which succeeded one
another in authority between 1792 and
1798. Thus at least a remnant of the col-
lections which had belonged to the August-
inians, the priory of the Blancs-mariteaux,
the Carmelites, the Cordeliers, the Abbaye
de Saint Victor, and many other religious
houses, came to form a part of the Biblio-
theque Nationale. The manuscripts of St.
Germain-des-Pres which were taken to the
library between Dec. 6, 1795, and March
14, 1796, formed a collection of more than
9000 volumes, consisting of Oriental, Greek,
Latin, French, Italian and Spanish manu-
scripts and an enormous mass of papers
and documents relating to the work of the
Benedictines.
In 1791, the preservation of four or five
libraries of the suppressed religious estab-
lishments entered into the general plan of a
national library to be organized in Paris.
Circumstances were against the realization
of the plans which had been drawn up for
a national redistribution of the treasures
which had been gathered in the literary in-
stitutions of Paris and the "departements."
Napoleon would have had no difficulty
in verifying the inconveniences of the dis-
tribution which had been made, and which
in many cases was the work of chance. He
believed it was possible to remedy this by
applying the system of centralization. He
seemed to be unwilling to withdraw before
any obstacle in the way of making the col-
lections of the Bibliotheque Nationale as
complete as possible. He wanted to bring
there all the books which it lacked and of
which a copy existed in a public institution.
In writing of this scheme under date of
Feb. 6, 1805, Napoleon said that many an-
cient and modern works were lacking in the
Bibliotheque Nationale while they were
found in other libraries of Paris and of the
Provinces. It would be necessary to ar-
range the matter and to claim these books
from these establishments, to which should
be given in exchange the works which they
did not have and of which the Bibliotheque
Nationale had duplicates. As a result of
this transfer, if well made, it ought to be
possible, said Napoleon, that when one did
not find a book at the Bibliotheque Nation-
ale he would be sure that the book did not
exist in France. The withdrawal of the
books taken from the other libraries for
the execution of this scheme, as well as
that of books given in exchange, was only
to take place when the library was definite-
ly established at the Louvre.
In order to realize the laborious plans,
the administration of the library calculated
that it would have to take 85,500 works
from the collections where the right to ex-
ecute it was recognized, namely :
12,000 at the Arsenal; 6000 at the Pan-
theon; 4000 at the College des Quatre
Nations; 2000 at L'ficole de medicine;
1500 at L'ficoie polytechnique ; 1500
at the Musee d'histoire naturelle;
2000 at the Lycee imperial; 1500 at the
Lycee Charlemagne; 2000 at the Tri-
bunat; 3000 at the Corps Legislate f;
50,000 in the provincial libraries.
Napoleon's idea was taken up again, at
least in part, in 1860, when it was proposed
on the recommendation of a commission
presided over by Merimee that, in view of
the centralization to be effected at the
Bibliotheque Nationale, a beginning be
made by exchanges between that library
and the libraries of the Mazarine, the
Arsenal, Sainte Genevieve and the Sor-
bonne.
It was fortunate for the library that Van
Praet was in charge during the French
Revolution. With his remarkable activity
and devotion to the interests of the institu-
tion, he was able to organize the new ser-
vice to answer to the needs of numerous
readers who began to frequent the library
and at the same time to classify the new
accessions which had to be put at the dis-
position of the public. The amount of
work that was done between 1792 and 1800
can be realized when one reads of the enor-
mous accessions. During this brief period
the number of books was more than dou-
May, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
343
bled by the influx of those which Van
Praet had been empowered to choose in the
provisional "depots" formed by the con-
vention.
The needs of the library were ably set
forth in Van Praet's communications to
gevepnment agents, to whom he furnished
lists of desiderata and titles of books to be
found in foreign libraries but lacking in
the National Library. Many of these sug-
gested titles came into the library as the
result of victories of the French army, but
one can only faintly imagine the chagrin
and desolation of spirit which Van Praet
must have suffered when the united powers
decreed that the major part of these spoils
of war must be returned to their former
owners. Then Van Praet showed the
finesse of the true diplomat. By clever
substitutions he succeeded in retaining for
his cherished library a part of these bib-
liographical treasures.
The provisional "depots" established in
many of the "departements" were also laid
under contribution. Chardon de la Ro-
chette was in 1801 sent to visi.t them and
to select therefrom that which would be
useful to the National Library, but he dis-
charged his mission in a slovenly fashion
and very little of value came of it. From
1801 to 1806 Maugerard, a former Bene-
dictine monk, was commissioned to gather
in the Rhenish provinces the books, manu-
scripts, and papers which might be useful
in the national collection. He made ship-
ments which proved most valuable, includ-
ing numerous incunabula and, especially
worthy of note, the Pfister Bible of 1461.
The above sketch includes the period of
large accessions in the form of special col-
lections. During the nineteenth century the
library grew systematically, but there were
no such large shipments of manuscripts as
those referred to above. There were, how-
ever, great additions to the department of
printed books, noteworthy among which
were the one hundred thousand volumes on
the French Revolution collected by Labe-
doyere, acquired in 1863. The Beuchot
collection of nearly two thousand volumes
on Voltaire, the large Payen collection of
documentary material on Montaigne, and
the collection of material on the history of
Marseilles are among the notable additions
of the latter half of the nineteenth century.
THE LIBRI CASE
During the middle of the nineteenth cen-
tury the libraries of Paris as well as those
of the provinces were subjected to close
scrutiny as the result of official investiga-
tion into the reputed wholesale plundering
of the government collections. The accu-
sations made were given a great deal of
notoriety, and as the "proces Libri" occu-
pied the attention of the administrators of
the Bibliotheque Nationale for more than
a generation, we venture to give here a
summary of the main facts of this famous
case. "On dit" is frequently the only au-
thority one finds for certain statements in
this history.
Felix Ravaisson, as inspector general of
libraries, published in 1841 a report on the
libraries of the western "de"partements,"
which was freely used to show to what ex-
tent depredations had been carried on.
The library at Tours was reported to con-
sist for the most part of the spoils of
cathedrals, monastic and educational insti-
tutions, but that it had suffered much from
dampness, that many volumes had been
pilfered and sold, and that while the manu-
scripts had been its chief treasure, it was
there unfortunately that the losses had been
most regrettable. At Angers, where the
library was similarly formed from the
spoils of eighteen abbeys, most of which
had possessed very considerable collections
of books, M. Ravaisson found but a small
remnant of these former riches. At Nantes
the books had been either lost or stolen;
at Brest a library of 25,000 volumes had
been largely dispersed; at Lesneven and
Saint-Pol-de-Leon there were but few
traces of libraries formerly extant. A
well-known collector in Paris of the mid-
dle of the last century claimed to possess
a whole volume of autograph letters ab-
stracted from the Dupuy collection. In
1847 Paulin Paris, assistant keeper of man-
uscripts at the Bibliotheque Nationale, es-
timated at 20,000 the number of volumes
stolen from the library, and at that time to
344
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[May, 191.
be found in the book trade or in private
collections.
In February, 1846, the prefect of police
received and transmitted to M. Boucly, the
public prosecutor, one anonymous note and
one signed pseudonymously, giving infor-
mation of thefts from the libraries of
Montpellier, Carpentras, and other provin-
cial towns, by which means it was claimed
that Libri, the well-known mathemal " ~ian
and collector, had amassed a library worth
from 300,000 to 400,000 francs. Libri had
brought ridicule upon himself in certain
quarters by his researches among old books
and rare bindings. The mathematicians
considered it an unpardonable weakness,
and thought that he was wasting his time in
reading the medieval and renaissance au-
thors. Libri's successful career had ex-
cited envy. In the Institute he was still an
Italian. There was open hostility between
him and the ficole des Chartes. When he
was appointed a member of the commis-
sion to edit a catalog of the manuscripts in
the public libraries of France it is said that
he refused to accept the appointment if a
single man from the ficole were to be on
the commission.
Libri was charged specifically with the
theft of a valuable manuscript psalter from
the library of Grenoble and of the letters
of Henri IV from the library of the Ar-
senal. After making inquiries through his
associates in the various towns indicated
and obtaining no evidence against Libri,
Boucly allowed the matter to drop; but
eighteen months later another anonymous
communication was received charging Libri
with stealing books from various public li-
braries, but naming no books in particular.
The public prosecutor made a fresh search
for evidence, and he embodied the results
of his labors in a special report. This re-
port fell into the hands of the provisional
government established after the Revolu-
tion of February, 1848. Arago, who was
one of Libri's chief enemies, was now in
power. At an evening sitting of the Acad-
emy of Sciences, held Feb. 28, a note was
put into the hands of Libri advising him to
save himself from an outbreak of public
vengeance, and he fled to England. The
journal with which Arago was connected
said that his flight made very little dift'er-
ence to the Academy — that there was only
one Italian less ! Boucly's report was cop-
ied in various journals, with comment more
or less unfavorable to Libri.
Shortly afterwards the government took
possession of Libri's rooms in the Sor-
bonne, broke open his desk, burned large
quantities of papers, and removed many of
his books. Some of these were so care-
lessly moved that five volumes were picked
up on the staircase leading to the rooms or
in the neighborhood of the Sorbonne. In
the act of accusation it was stated on the
evidence of two witnesses that one Abry
had worked with Libri and two other per-
sons for a fortnight or three weeks erasing
seals and stamps on the books. Later when
Abry was called to the witness stand he
gave evidence favorable to Libri.
A BITTER POLEMIC
Later in the same year, 1848, Libri pub-
lished in London a reply to Boucly's accu-
sation, a lengthy document of 115 pages,
filled with detail, in which he threw the
burden of proof on his accusers. He gave
an account of his income and the way in
which he procured his library, which was
the result of thirty years' collecting. He
stated that he received annually 23,000
francs from his various government offices,
and that this was supplemented by receipts
from his mother in Italy. By living very
economically he had for years been able to
spend 20,000 francs annually on books. As
to his reasons for leaving France, he said
that he had been a writer for the Journal
des Debats and a supporter of Guizot's pol-
icies, and for six months before the Revo-
lution the Republican journals had pointed
him out as an object for vengeance. He
showed how in 1845 ne urged upon the
authorities of the library at the Arsenal the
acceptance of books that he had met with
bearing the mark of that establishment, and
that the librarian repudiated their "restora-
tion," claiming that he could not ascertain
that any such books had been stolen or lost,
but he was willing to receive the books as
a gift. From Grenoble word came that all
BIBL10THEQUE NATIONALE — BOOK STACKS
BIBLIOTHEQUE NATIONALE — MANUSCRIPT DEPARTMENT READING ROOM
May, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
345
the manuscript psalters belonging to x the
library were still in place. As to the early
edition of Theocritus which Libri was al-
leged to have taken from the library of
Carpentras, Libri claimed that it was a
regular exchange, in which he gave his
own inferior copy of Theocritus with other
hooks worth from 400 to 500 francs, and he
printed a letter from the librarian substan-
tiating all this. The Carpentras copy was
described in the catalog of the Libri sale,
and it was thus that he was known to have
had it in his possession. Moreover, Casti-
glione's "Cortigiano" was missing from
Carpentras, and as a copy was listed in the
Libri sale catalog, the two facts were asso-
ciated and inferences drawn damaging to
Libri. That the Carpentras copy was an
ordinary one worth 20 francs while Libri's
was in a Grolier binding and sold for 519
francs seems to have escaped the attention
of the public prosecutor. To the confusion
of his accusers, Libri was able to publish
a letter from the bookseller who had sold it
to him. In answer to the prosecution's
contention that Libri had the stamps re-
moved from books in his possession, Libri
replied that books thus stamped came into
the market frequently, that they were du-
plicates honestly disposed of, and he pre-
ferred to have the stamps removed, as
the books looked cleaner and neater. In
some cases Libri refused to buy books un-
less the stamps could be washed out or
erased. Libri said that a thief would not
have published the discoveries which he
had made among the rare manuscripts, but
he himself published the story of some of
his finds in the Journal des Savants,
1841-42.
In a letter to M. de Falloux, the Minister
of Public Instruction, Libri said that it was
a common thing to find books, manuscripts
and autographs offered for sale and bear-
ing the stamps of the most famous libraries
of France. In order to prove this state-
ment, Libri says that he went to some of
the best known booksellers in London in
\ search of books on their shelves bearing
library stamps still legible, and also look-
r ing out for books with stamps that had
been partially removed or wholly cut out.
In four shops, in four days, he claimed to
have found eighty-two volumes of this
kind, of which the majority came from
the Bibliotheque Nationale, the Mazarine,
the Library of the Arsenal, the Institute,
and other well known establishments of
France. Others came from certain Italian
collections, such as the Palatine in Flor-
ence, and the public libraries of Ferrara
and of Parma. Some had stamps effaced
or cut out. Libri bought them all and
printed receipted bills from the booksellers
describing the volumes in question. Libri
went on to say that his friends, knowing of
his interest in books with library stamps
to be found in the stock of booksellers, sent
him many examples from the Parisian book
shops and stalls. In one shop in Paris,
owned by the father of a sub-librarian in
the office of the Minister of the Interior,
were found one hundred and nine volumes
bearing marks of ownership of the most
celebrated libraries of Paris and the prov-
inces. In addition, Libri claimed to have
found at auctions and in well known book
stores several hundred autograph letters
which had formerly belonged to French
public libraries and national archives, as
well as the offices of various ministers and
public officials. These, like the books, were
then bought by Libri, with every possible
formality and safeguard. That there were
many interesting manuscripts taken from
the Institute library was shown by the ap-
pearance in a sale catalog of letters from
Napoleon Bonaparte to the president of the
Institute, letters from Haydn, Rossini, and
Klopstock to officials of the Institute on
the occasion of their election to member-
ship. Haenel (Catalogi manuscriptorum,
1830) is cited to show that in this bibliog-
rapher's opinion several manuscripts had
disappeared at this time "because the doors
had been carelessly locked."
In his reply to Boucly, Libri stated fur-
ther that he had proposed to present his
collection to the Bibliotheque Nationale un-
der certain conditions, but that the proposal
had met with an unwillingness to comply
with these conditions, as if they involved
an infraction of the rules of the establish-
ment. In the face of these difficulties Libri
346
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[May, 1914
had appealed to Guizot, who had spoken to
one of the keepers of the library and had
received the same answer. The conditions
imposed were: (i) that the collection
should be kept together in one room bear-
ing the name of Libri; (2) that under no
pretext should one volume be separated
from another; (3) that within a certain
time a catalog of the collection should be
published. Libri's friends maintained that
it would have been absurd for him to have
made such an offer if his collection had
been formed by plundering the public libra-
ries of France, as he would thus have af-
forded a sure means of tracing the pilfer-
ings committed. The advocate Lampo-
recchi said that it was the first time in the
annals of criminal jurisprudence that any-
one had been accused of stealing in order
to make a gift of the stolen object. In the
act of accusation it was hinted that the
conversation in which this offer was made
was a very vague one, and it was stated
that if the offer had been made seriously it
would have been accepted. Guizot, how-
ever, wrote a letter to Libri under date of
July 30, 1849, stating that four or five years
earlier Libri had proposed to give his li-
brary to the national library, providing
that it would be kept in special rooms bear-
ing his name. Guizot legally attested this
fact with its attendant circumstances.
Naudet, as head of the Bibliotheque Na-
tionale, answered Libri's letter to de Fal-
loux. He summed up Libri's contentions
under three heads :
1. All the libraries of France, but es-
pecially the Bibliotheque Nationale, had
been pillaged.
2. A great many books and manuscripts
coming from these thefts had been of-
fered for sale.
3. Private collectors could have in their
collections, very legitimately, manuscripts
and books taken from public libraries.
Naudet granted that the Bibliotheque
Nationale had suffered very regrettable
losses, but that the number of books taken
was fifty thousand could not be conceded
for a moment. This gross exaggeration
was due to the statement of Paul Lacroix
(Bibliophile Jacob), who claimed that
twenty-five thousand of the books which
had been stamped and cataloged, and an
equal number of those not stamped and
cataloged, were missing from the depart-
ment of printed books. Later Lacroix ex-
plained that by a second category he re-
ferred to the books which had never been
deposited for copyright purposes, which, as
Naudet pointed out, the Bibliotheque Na-
tionale had no legal way of claiming. Libri
granted that the custodians did not have
the help to make an inventory to find
out the losses of the library, but Naudet
denied that an inventory was not being
made. However, Naudet did not pretend
that his colleagues could do the work with
the speed with which the checking up was
done at the British Museum, where Libri
claimed that the assistants read the titles
at a rate of from nine to eleven per minute.
A writer, who it was claimed "knew the
libraries of Paris perfectly/' asked in
L* Illustration as to "what, for example, had
become of all the books which made up the
Inferno at the Bibliotheque Nationale?"
Naudet explained patiently that the Inferno
was simply a closed case in the printed book
department, of which the custodians alone
had the key, and in which were locked cer-
tain pernicious books and some rarities of
considerable money value. He added that
the custodians were ready to show the In-
ferno to any one who would present himself
properly provided with the legal papers for
an inquiry, or even to any one who had a
serious intention of investigating, a desire
to know the truth and to testify to it. As
to Libri's claim that many books stolen
from libraries were to be bought from
booksellers, in support of which Libri had
printed a good deal of testimony, Naudet
pointed out that Libri had not observed the
first rules of historical criticism, had not
weighed the testimony, had not asked him-
self whether the narrator himself was pres-
ent, whether he was unmoved by passion,
whether he was in a position to see clearly,
whether he had told all, had said nothing
but the truth, had not contradicted himself
or others. One bookseller who claimed to
make a sort of specialty of picking up
books bearing the Bibliotheque Nationale
May, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
347
stamp was shown to have been denied the
moderate price asked for a certain book
which he had tried to sell back to the li-
brary. The library officials had always re-
fused to authorize any one to buy books
back on the account of the library; they
granted that they spent a small sum, not
more than forty francs a year, in payment
for books offered them in good faith by
persons who had acquired them from
dealers, but they never did anything to
encourage traffic in this line.
Achille Jubinal, who had been dismissed
from his professorship by the Carnot ad-
ministration, published in 1850 a pamphlet
on an unpublished letter of Montaigne, ac-
companied by some observations on the
reputed large number of manuscripts which
had been either abstracted from or muti-
lated in the Bibliotheque Nationale. He
began by telling of some of his experiences
in the reading room, where he was denied
certain books which he asked for, and he
made so many charges and insinuations
that another polemic was begun. The ad-
ministration of the library issued a reply
to Jubinal's statement, saying that his es-
timate of 20,000 volumes stolen from the
department of printed books was as value-
less as that of Lacroix, who placed the
number at 50,000. The source of these
estimates was a report by Letronne to the
Minister of Public Instruction in 1834,
where, by an approximate calculation, it
was estimated that there were at the Bib-
liotheque Nationale 4248 works incomplete,
or made incomplete by daily use, by loans,
or by mutilations, and that these works
represented in the form of sets a total of
33,316 volumes, of which it was estimated
it would be necessary to replace 11,530
volumes. However, at the time this report
was made, many of these volumes had
been claimed from borrowers, others had
been found after their death, and a certain
number had taken their proper places on
the shelves, thanks to the work of classifi-
cation. This was a long cry from the fable
of 20,000 stolen volumes, on which Jubinal
had dwelt.
It was further shown that Jubinal was
in error when he cited the first edition of
"Cymbalum mundi," 1537, as among the
books which had disappeared from the Bib-
liotheque Nationale. Jubinal had been mis-
led by a statement in the memoirs of
Charles Nodier, who said that Van Praet
had shown him this precious work. Nodier
had confused the first with the second edi-
tion, and Jubinal might easily have verified
the facts for himself.
As to Jubinal's statement, based on La-
croix, that about 600 volumes had been ex-
tracted from the "Inferno" by the young
employes of the library, it is stated in the
official reply that this collection had never
contained more than 150 volumes. Before
1789 there had been indeed a more ex-
tended "Inferno," where were put works
condemned on account of religious contro-
versies, but during later years, after the
heat of these discussions had died down,
the books had been put back into the main
collection. Under Van Praet's administra-
tion there had been a small special reserve
of 60 or 80 volumes of licentious works
having no bibliographical value, from which
possibly some books had disappeared, but
from the real "Inferno" it was authorita-
tively stated that no book had ever dis-
appeared since its inception.
Prosper Merimee came to the aid of
Libri, his fellow member of the Institute,
in an article contributed to the Revue dcs
Deux Monde s for April 15, 1852, for which
he was condemned to fifteen days' impris-
onment. The judge who sentenced him
laid particular emphasis on the following
passage: "I should be tempted to believe
that an act of accusation is governed by
the same principles as a novel or melo-
drama, where art, not truth, is the main
thing. If it is so, I believe I have the right
to criticise the act of accusation against M.
Libri. I used to write novels myself, and
I do not go beyond my bounds in appreciat-
ing a work of imagination." Merimee sug-
gested as a plausible theory by which to
account for the bibliographical ignorance
and the perversion of the law displayed in
the document, that the bibliographical part
was the work of the judges and that the
legal part was done by the literary com-
mission appointed to assist them.
348
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[May, 1914
The prosecution made much of the things
found in Libri's rooms — tooling irons,
printer's types, and volumes which had
been made in imitation of old bindings.
If it is a fault to restore books, why, asks
Merimee, were not the binders who worked
for Libri arrested? To falsify or repair
seemed to the prosecution to be one and the
same thing. Merimee claimed that Libri
was so little concerned about concealing
the origin of his books that he had them
dusted and arranged by assistants from the
Paris libraries.
Merimee said that Libri had sold in 1847
a letter from Aretino to Paul Manutius;
the Montpellier library had lost a letter
from Aretino to Aldus Manutius; and the
logic of the judge which associated these
two events was based on a syllogism like
this:
I have lost my cat.
John has sold a dog.
Therefore John has taken my cat.
The logic used in the trial was not :
Such a library has lost a book.
There is proof that this book has been
stolen by Libri.
Therefore Libri is a thief.
But the judge, according to Merimee, ar-
gued thus:
Libri is a thief.
Therefore he has stolen such a book.
For this book is lacking in such a
library.
Merimee thought the whole case was a
justification for Moliere's pleasantry: "The
Parisians begin by hanging a man, and
then they try his case."
Libri disliked the Jesuits and he believed
that the £cole des Chartes was infected
with them. One member of the ficole, M.
Lalanne, said publicly to M. Merlin, a sub-
librarian at the Ministry of the Interior,
that the £cole des Chartes would not be
content until it had had Libri hung. Mem-
bers of the investigating commission sub-
stituted the name of Libri for that of Pier-
rot in the quatrain:
Aspice Libri pendu
Quod librum n'a pas rendu
Si librum reddidisset
Libri pendu non fuisset.
One of the commissioners is said to have
remarked: "Every collector is a thief. That
is why the ficole des Chartes is making a
bitter war against all the collectors, and if
we could only prove that M. Libri had
stolen a little autograph worth a franc our
end would be accomplished."
"Libri," remarked one journalist, speak-
ing of the fatal influence of names and
making a pun at the same time, "it is ex-
actly that which has ruined him!" Books
certainly proved his undoing. Had Libri
been placed at the head of the Bibliotheque
Nationale he might have made an enviable
reputation as a librarian. Burton in his
"Book hunter" gives the correct psycho-
logical view of such cases. "The leaders
in the German wars," says he, "often found
it an exceedingly sound policy to subsidize
into their own service some captain of free
lances, who might have been a curse to all
around him. Your great game-preservers
sometimes know the importance of taking
the most notorious poacher in the district
into pay as a keeper. So it is sometimes
of the nature of the book-hunter, if he be
of the genial sort, and free of some of the
more vicious peculiarities of his kind, to
make an invaluable librarian. Such an ar-
rangement will sometimes be found to be
like mercy twice blessed — it blesseth him
that gives and him that takes. The im-
prisoned spirit probably finds freedom at
last, and those purchases and accumula-
tions which, to the private purse, were
profuse and culpable recklessness, may be-
come veritable duty; while the wary out-
look and the vigilant observation, which
before were only leading a poor victim into
temptation, may come forth as commend-
able attention and zealous activity."
THE CASE REOPENED
Undoubtedly a great deal of international
jealousy and hatred entered into the Libri
affair, and political enmity embittered the
prosecution. After the heat of the polemic
had died down, Delisle reopened the case
when there seemed to be an opportunity to
regain for the French libraries some of
their lost treasures, and he made his re-
searches into the history of some of the dis-
May, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
349
puted manuscripts without any bias other
than his firm conviction that Libri had
acquired them unlawfully. If there were
any doubt as to Libri's guilt, Delisle
dispelled it. The occasion for the new
investigation was the attempted sale of
the Ashburnham collection in 1880. In
an official report to the Minister of Pub-
lic Instruction on the manuscripts of the
Earl of Ashburnham, Delisle claimed that
Libri never offered to give his manuscripts
to the Bibliotheque Nationale, and that he
did not even announce publicly in France
his intention of doing so. From papers to
which he had access in 1883 Delisle showed
that Panizzi, who in 1845 was on friendly
terms with Libri, had offered to negotiate
the sale of the manuscripts to the British
Museum. Transactions were originally
opened in January, 1846, but they were
conducted with such secrecy that the name
of the vendor was not known to the board
of trustees. In a report submitted to the
board on April 25, 1846, it was announced
that the owner was a professor at Paris, a
member of the Institute, a native of Flor-
ence, and author of a history of the mathe-
matical sciences in Italy — which was para-
mount to naming Libri. When the nego-
tiations fell through, Libri addressed pro-
posals to the University of Turin, but with
no better success. The assistant keeper of
manuscripts at the British Museum, John
Holmes, who was on friendly terms with
the Earl of Ashburnham, persuaded the lat-
ter to purchase the Libri collection. The
earl wished to consult the bookseller Rodd
before closing a deal, and the latter was
sent to Paris to look at the collection. He
took with him £2500, which he was to turn
over to Libri for the choice of his manu-
scripts. Rodd brought back the illuminated
Pentateuch and Lorenzo de Medici's "Book
of hours." The earl was so delighted with
these that he sent Rodd on a second jour-
ney to Paris, and as a result sixteen cases
of manuscripts arrived from Paris at Ash-
burnham Place, April 23, 1847. The whole
business was transacted amidst the greatest
secrecy. Delisle was sure that the earl
never suspected for a moment that he was
treating with thieves or the receivers of
stolen goods. Later, however, the earl
scented fraud, and he wrote to Delisle,
June 1 6, 1869, saying that other manu-
scripts from the Libri collection contained
what he had long suspected to be fraudu-
lent attempts to conceal the true source of
property that had been lost or stolen. The
earl died in 1878, and his son was later
convinced that the fragments of the Penta-
teuch purchased by his father in 1847 had
been stolen from the Lyons library, and
accordingly he placed them in the hands
of the French ambassador at London to be
restored to the city of Lyons. The theft
of these fragments must have occurred
after 1834 (when the manuscript was seen
and described as in the Lyons library), and
it may have happened before 1840, the date
of Libri's appointment as inspector, but the
fact that Libri sold them in 1847 looked
very suspicious to Delisle.
In 1879 the young earl offered his fath-
er's entire collection to the trustees of the
British Museum for £160,000, but when the
trustees asked him to make a separate of-
fer of the manuscripts, apart from the
printed books, a new inventory was made,
and £160,000 were asked for the manu-
scripts alone. This closed the negotiations
for the time being, but in the latter part of
1882 the trustees learned that the entire
collection could be bought for the original
price, and they asked the Treasury for the
money, with the permission to restore to
the French government on payment of
£24,000 those portions of the Libri and
Barrois collections which were said to have
been abstracted from French libraries. De-
lisle had written to the trustees warning
them that the Libri and Barrois collections
contained many manuscripts stolen from
French libraries and falsified, and asked
them to take into consideration the very
natural desire of the French people to re-
gain possession of monuments precious for
their history and for their literature. De-
lisle showed how the fourteen most ancient
manuscripts of the Libri collection were
thefts committed during the year 1842 at
Lyons, Tours, Troyes and Orleans. The
British treasury did not grant the necessary
funds for the purchase of the Ashburnham
350
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[May, 1914
manuscripts in a lump and so negotiations
fell through, but later those manuscripts
which referred more particularly to Eng-
land, namely, the Stowe collection, were
acquired for £45,000.
Delisle had written the young Earl of
Ashburnham in 1880 that whenever he
might offer his collections for sale by auc-
tion the French government would reserve
the right to attach any such as might have
come from a national depository the mo-
ment they entered the country. "French
dealers and amateurs will be warned,"
wrote Delisle, "that the collections of Libri
and Barrois are full of manuscripts of sus-
pected origin to which the French govern-
ment is determined to make known its right
of property the day when these manuscripts
enter France. This consideration will cast
a chill over even the English dealers and
amateurs; they will know, in fact, that
neither they nor their heirs can ever dream
of selling in France, even privately, manu-
scripts procured from thefts that no limita-
tion can cover. Public institutions them-
selves will be exceedingly reserved. They
will hesitate to collect monuments, excellent
in themselves, but to which the name of
Libri and Barrois have given a bad reputa-
tion. The Libri and Barrois manuscripts
have not, therefore, for private collectors
or public institutions the value of ordinary
manuscripts. Since we now know in what
way the collections of Libri and Barrois
have been formed, these collections have
been stamped with discredit in the eyes of
all impartial judges. In purchasing them
one should dread to pass for an accomplice
of these Barrois and Libris, and to have
one's name associated with the names of
thieves and forgers whom no one any
longer dares to defend." On March 17,
1883, the board of trustees declared that
the manuscripts in question ought never to
have left France, and by refusing to pur-
chase them they gave the French the op-
portunity of recovering them. The nego-
tiations in connection with this transaction
and the return to France of the most prec-
ious of the Libri and Barrois manuscripts
were made the subject of a report written
by Delisle to the Minister of Public In-
struction under date of Feb. 23, -1888.
(Continued in the June number.)
THE WORK OF A LIBRARY INFORMATION DESK
BY RACHEL RHOADES, First Assistant, Reference Department, Library Association of
Portland, Oregon
LIBRARY JOURNAL readers who studied
the floor plans of the Multnomah County
Public Library in the January issue may
have noticed that "the second floor lobby,
which is lighted from an open well, has
been utilized for the public catalog and
Information desk. Back of the desk is
placed in a niche the Lemnian Athena, the
genius of the Library. Opening from this
hall on one side is the Reference depart-
ment, at the far" end of which are the Map
and Art rooms, on the other the Circulation
department, and at the end of this room
is the School department." Across the
front of the building are the Technical
room and Administration offices. If the
catalog is the key to the books, the In-
formation desk may be called the key to
the Library. Stationing an assistant at
the catalog to give unobtrusive help and
instruction, as at Newark, is not uncom-
mon. But it is thought that except for
the precedent of Providence, R. I., the
Portland plan of an Information desk
and public catalog between Reference and
Circulation departments is unique. This
adds interest to the work.
At 9.30 p. m. of my first Saturday I felt
as if I had been mentally jumping rope all
day. Now the work, though ever varied,
seems to have plan. It falls into seven
parts, as follows:
May, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
351
1. Welcome to newcomers.
2. Distribution of applications and guid-
ance about the library.
3. Assistance in the use of the catalog.
4. Cooperation with
a. Circulation department.
b. School department.
c. Reference department.
d. Children's department.
e. Clubs and University Extension
classes.
5. Telephone calls.
6. City information and miscellaneous
service.
7. Routine work
a. Newspaper indexing.
b. List making.
The Information desk is the first point
'of contact between the assistant and the
ever increasing stream of people coming
for books, for study, for answers to specific
questions, and for entertainment and in-
struction through lectures, club meetings
and conferences. Prompt welcome is es-
sential. Even a library smile need not be-
come mechanical, for no two people whom
one greets are alike, and questions requir-
ing more than a word of direction are sel-
dom repeated.
Fifteen or twenty applications are asked
for each day. Half the people are in a
hurry and can be depended on to read the
rules. Others, unfamiliar with a library,
are glad of explanations. Many appre-
ciate bulletins and lecture lists to take away
after this first visit to the library. One
day a Jewish woman asked how to write
A-n-n-a in English. She could only make
the Yiddish letters, and a friend had
signed her application and transliterated
the last name. "I had a card in Helena,
Montana. Can I use it here? It's a Car-
negie library, isn't it?" Strangers often
volunteer words of praise for the beauty,
convenience, and resources of the library.
Over the telephone came the query, "Was
the stone in the library made in Oregon?"
Repeatedly people ask where to return
books, where to turn in applications, and
where the catalog is. One needs to know
the resources of all departments to guide
them aright.
The card catalog is a strange tool to one
in every four or five, and many who have
been shown how to use it pretend igno-
rance. Others say, "Please help me — you'll
find what I want so much quicker than
I could." But the young people's independ-
ence proves the value of the School de-
partment's lessons. Many who look up
authors for themselves ask at the desk
what subject to look under. Then there
are tricks which can be passed on, as
"What Smith wrote 'Enchanted ground'?"
"I don't know, but we can look under the
title," etc. Comparatively few people read
through a card to the date of publication.
A Y. M. C. A. man asked by number for
an old, unscientific book on sex hygiene.
In the Reference room I handed it to him,
but called his attention to the date — 1891, —
and when we consulted the catalog he was
glad to have Hall's "From youth into man-
hood" and Ellis' "Task of social hygiene"
substituted.
Classification, the meaning of book
numbers, and the arrangement of the
catalog interest many men. A man who
has charge of the card index at the tele-
phone office asked, "Do you file cards in
front of the guides or behind them"? I
answered behind and pointed out the waste
motions which filing in front would in-
volve. He went away with Gilbreth's
"Motion study" and Emerson's "Twelve
principles of efficiency."
Often a book is not in the library, and
if it is something which might be a wise
purchase the information desk assistant
can please the questioner by explaining
our request cards. A boy who reads while
waiting in the automobile he drives brought
in a sheet of Montgomery Ward's book
catalog, checked up the fiction we had, and
asked for request cards. I discouraged
him about McCutcheon, but let him fill out
cards for B. M. Bower and gave him
Mabie's "Blue book of fiction." He is
going to read "Queed," Cooper's "Ameri-
can story tellers," and ask the secretary
of the University of Oregon Extension
work about courses.
Before going into the Circulation de-
partment many people stop to look up
352
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[May, 191.4
numbers, and ask at the desk where the
books are located. The assistant answers
by reference to a diagram. Often people
are referred thus to a subject, as 793, en-
tertainments, or 8u, American poetry. In
the lobby is a table bearing the sign, "Lists
— take what interests you." When no list
has been prepared, one often needs to step
to the catalog and suggest two or three
books out of the forty or fifty under a
subject, which seem best adapted for the
questioner. Four books instead of one had
to be chosen for a woman whose husband
was preparing for an examination for the
consular service, who wanted "a book on
international law, modern Europe, Latin
America and the Far East."
Many people stop at the Information
desk for suggestions about fiction, and
this relieves the busy assistant on the floor
in the Circulation department. A puzzling
request was for a novel, "What a butterfly
is before it comes out of its cocoon,"
which proved to be "The chrysalis." Bak-
er's "Guide" is at hand, but it would not
have helped the old gentleman who asked,
"Do I want to read 'David Copperfield'?
It's an American story about a horse
race." "David Harum" was suggested.
An annotated list of novels on social ser-
vice has been consulted frequently. Pa-
thetic needs are told, as of a woman dy-
ing of cancer, who wanted her friends to
read aloud Elizabeth Stuart Phelps' books,
which they could not buy in town. Would
the library sell its copies and buy new
ones? No, but the ladies could obtain li-
brary cards, borrow the books, and have
them renewed as long as their friend lived.
There is hardly time for these heart
stories at the busy charging desk.
The library was a refuge for lonely
men on Christmas day, and one couldn't
help smiling with the man who said ap-
preciatively, "I'm glad we've got as good
a place as this to come." One evening a
clean cut fellow asked, "Is your memory
good? I want to know who wrote 'Molly
Make-Believe/ ' Returning from the Cir-
culation department he commented, "Some
one else is lonely too. I get blue about
once a week, and have read it four or five
times." "Have you read 'Marjorie
Daw' ?" He had not, and came back pres-
ently to gossip about his surprise at the
end of the story. "I'm three thousand
miles away from home, you see." I hope
"Dawn O'Hara" made him feel less blue,
for wasn't she "the girl who laughed?"
The high school reading list is kept at
the Information desk and often consulted.
People are sent to the School department
for pictures. Pupils ask for help in rhe-
toric, as the lad who said, "Did you ever
read a description? I've got to write
one !" Daudet's "Monday tales" and Gals-
worthy's "Commentary" were suggested.
Camp Fire girls ask for help in choosing
Indian names and study up honors in
flower, bird or baby books. I like to rec-
ommend Jeannette Marks' "Vacation camp-
ing," and "The What-Shall-I-Do-Girl."
As the Information desk is part of the
Reference service, cooperation is perhaps
a misnomer. But there is the closest con-
nection. If a question is stated at the In-
formation desk, the exact book to consult
in the Reference room can often be named,
and its location indicated on the chart, so
that the student does not even need to ask
further assistance. Proof that he knew
how to use the library independently was
given by the man who said, "You should
have an alarm clock in the Reference
room. I nearly missed my dinner." Then
again there is the typical lady who asked,
"Now, my dear, if you were going to write
a paper on feminism, what would you make
your main point?" The concreteness of
certain questions makes them funny, as
"A book on the culture of crawfish," and
"How do you make punch?"
Sometimes the boys and girls stray up-
stairs. One engaging lad asked, "Say —
who was the George Washington of South
America?" I hazarded, "Bolivar." "Oh —
that's the fellow." And a little girl asked,
"Please tell me who Dolly Madison's
letters were written by?" Another was
curious to know what Mark Twain had
to do with writing "Personal recollections
of Joan of Arc."
Evening is the busy time. Then one
feels the pulse of the community. Lee-
May, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
353
tures, exhibitions and club meetings in the
library make one think of a three-ringed
circus. Several old men come in almost
every evening asking, "Well, what's on
to-night?" The day after a stormy tax-
payers' meeting came the laconic question,
"Where's the fight going to be to-night?"
Announcements of University of Oregon,
Reed College and Pacific University exten-
sion lectures are distributed, and people's
attention called to new courses. Coopera-
tion like that between professors and staff
in a college library is possible.
Telephone questions which cannot be
answered through the catalog, a dictionary,
or an almanac, are turned over to the Ref-
erence department. "What day of the
week was January 3d, 1891 ?" "Saturday."
"Oh, dear, and Saturday's child must work
for a living. I don't want to do that!"
came the plaintive voice. She would have
enjoyed working for her living, if part of
the task had been making foreigners feel
at home in the library. Work with our new
citizens yields many humors and puzzles
and human touches, which make informa-
tion desk work a delight, but all cannot be
crowded into a single paper.
Every library assistant needs to keep
up with the times. But she who does not
would be lost at the Information desk.
Theaters, concerts, location of buildings,
street numbers, cars to reach the suburbs,
free days at the Museum of Art, these are
some of the points on which information
is asked, or may be courteously volunteered
to strangers who are a bit diffident. A map
of Portland has been worn to pieces in
three months. Some of this miscellaneous
service is not strictly library work, but it
makes friends for the library so it is prob-
ably not mal-employment. A school teacher
asked me about library training, and intro-
duced her niece, who took home "Voca-
tions for the trained woman," and wants
to study the high school subjects which
will help her in library work by and by.
A Reed College girl was sent to the In-
formation desk to ask about Girls' clubs.
She wanted experience as a leader before
taking examinations for playground serv-
ice, and a library Camp Fire guardian was
able to give her suggestions. An elderly
German American woman asked if there
was any one here who could read Ger-
man schrift. I made out and translated for
her a letter from a German pastor to
whom she had written for information
about her parents who had fled the coun-
try in '48 to escape religious and political
persecution. Men of all religions and all
political views are welcome at the library,
and are even given the use of rooms in
which to set forth their doctrines. Many
occasional visitors thus become readers.
But the Information desk does not hold
one long continued reception. There are
quiet morning hours and moments of time
for routine work in the afternoon and
evening. The Morning Oregonian is read
and indexed by one assistant. Others in-
dex periodical articles, check lists, etc.
List-making completes the circle of work,
for in meeting people one learns what
lists would be helpful, and the examina-
tion of unfamiliar books is profitable to
help assistants who work much with a
catalog from losing the book sense. Inter-
est in people, knowledge of books, and
civic sense, mixed with equal parts of
common sense, this is the ideal which must
be kept in mind at the Information desk.
PAMPHLETS AND CLIPPINGS IN
REFERENCE WORK
VISITORS to the coming meeting of the
A. L. A. may be interested in the way the
Public Library of the District of Columbia
cares for pamphlets, clippings from maga-
zines, and newspapers. As in other libra-
ries, pamphlets had been coming to the
library for years in large numbers and
most of them were relegated to the waste
basket, as they could not be put through
the regular course of cataloging, for want
of time and money. A few found their
way to the reference room, where the value
of this ephemeral literature was impressed
on the minds of the reference staff, partic-
ularly in response to the demand for help
in high school debates. Much of the mate-
rial was not found to be of sufficient im-
portance to be regularly cataloged. Be-
354
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[May, 1914
sides this we wanted to use it at once, and
could not wait for its regular course
through the accession and catalog depart-
ment. The object to be attained was to
make it immediately available in the refer-
ence room, and to call the attention of the
public and also of the staff to the fact
that we have such material on given sub-
jects.
The clippings and pamphlets are put in
tough manila envelopes, without flaps, gl/2
by iil/2 inches, and put into a vertical file
in a room adjoining the reference room.
When an envelope is full it is withdrawn,
put into pamphlet box with drop cover,
size 5 by 10 by 15 inches, and a guide card
inserted in the file, "See shelves," in the
same room, where about fifty of these
boxes now stand. The envelopes and
boxes, arranged alphabetically, are thus
self-indexing.
If the subject matter is new to this file,
it is considered carefully and a possible
subject heading is suggested to the head
cataloger, who makes a decision in accord
with the subject work of the catalog.
Sometimes the subject is so new that it
has not yet appeared in the catalog, which
has to be gone over for books on related
subjects, and the new subjects are brought
out in analytic or main subject entry.
When the subject is decided on, it is
written on the pamphlet and typewritten in
red on top of a multigraphed card which
reads, "For pamphlet material and clip-
pings on this subject consult assistant in
reference room."
The entry thus made, and a copy filed
in the official and also in the public catalog
at the end of all other entries on the sub-
ject, may represent one item or twenty or
forty or more, as in the case of woman
suffrage, or other subjects much debated
by school boys and girls.
In some cases the pamphlet is valuable,
both on account of the subject and because
the author is an authority on that subject.
If the Library of Congress has cataloged
the pamphlet, its cards are ordered, for
both subject and author, and put in official
and public catalog. These cards are
stamped "Pamphlet collection — consult as-
sistant in reference room."
About twelve hundred subjects are rep-
resented in this file, covering a wide range
of interests, chiefly sociological.
Of the use of these pamphlets in the
reference room no account has been kept*
but they are frequently requested for refer-
ence use. During the year July, 1912-
June, 1913, 885 pamphlets were circulated,
to school boys and girls, for debate work
chiefly; to social workers, and to women's
clubs.
For the past two years efforts have been
made to collect pamphlets, reports, hear-
ings, monographs, leaflets, booklets, in fact
any publications along sociological lines.
These embrace things issued by the Rocke-
feller Foundation, the Russell Sage Found-
ation, the associations for and against
woman suffrage, the Carnegie Foundation,
the National Committee for Mental Hy-
giene, the National Vigilance Committee,
the World Peace Foundation, New York
Milk Commission, special reports of police
and health departments of various cities,
American Baptist Publication Society, and
American Unitarian Association publica-
tions on social work in the church, etc.
Reprints from the Congressional Record,.
House and Senate documents, and a va-
riety of government documents are riot
cataloged as complete files are entered
directly under subjects, and made available
immediately.
The New York Times is regularly
clipped for sociological articles, and back
numbers of magazines that have circulated
from the library are also taken apart and
pages or sections are added to these files.
In many cases nothing could be furnished
really new and up-to-date but for this col-
lection. In other cases, it has added a vital
touch to the other resources of the library
and it is instantly available — no getting of
call numbers or calling for pages.
Multigraphed cards to indicate uncata-
loged material in the catalog have been
used for several years for the minor bib-
liographies. The larger lists, bound vol-
umes, and Library of Congress bibliogra-
phies are regularly cataloged. Our own
typewritten lists, typewritten lists from the
Bureau of Education, and advance lists
from the Library of Congress, as well as
May, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
355
those clipped from library bulletins all over
the country, or from separate lists issued
by libraries, clipped from the Independent,
etc., are filed alphabetically under subject.
The subject is written at the top of a mul-
tigraphed card reading, "For further refer-
ences on this subject consult assistant in
reference room."
This file of minor bibliographies has
been growing for eight years, and has
justified itself many times. There are over
six hundred subjects represented, of very
diverse sorts, from lists on writers of the
day — magazines or publishers' booklets — to
lists on historical subjects, or apperception,
or Zuni Indians. Lists, pamphlets and clip-
pings on business, agricultural, and tech-
nical subjects are treated in a similar way,
and are referred to industrial department
instead of to the reference room.
GRACE E. BABBITT, Reference Librarian.
A NORTHERN EUROPEAN TOUR
A SECOND tour for American librarians
to the Leipzig Book and Library Exposi-
tion and to the British Library Association
meeting at Oxford, England, including the
most beautiful parts of Norway. Sweden,
Denmark and Northern Germany, has been
arranged by Mr. James C. N. Hanson.
The party will leave New York for
Christiania by the Oscar II. of the Scandi-
navian American Line, on July 14. There
will be a stop in Christiania for three days
to view the National Exposition held in
celebration of the one hundredth anniver-
sary of the constitution adopted by Nor-
way in 1814; and to examine the art gal-
leries, the National Museum, the new Uni-
versity Library, just opened, and the great
public library system.
The trip over the inland mountains by
the new railway to Bergen will follow, in-
cluding one day in this quaint, mediseval
city with its splendid museums and its glor-
ious mountain scenery. Both at Chris-
tiania and at Bergen the party will meet
library friends with American training, as
the public libraries of these cities, as well
as of Throndhjem, are conducted in part
by graduates of American library schools.
The trip from Bergen northward to
Throndhjem will cover several days, and
take in the most beautiful of the fjords.
Throndhjem has the finest cathedral of
northern Europe, and is, like Bergen and
Christiania, surrounded by magnificent
scenery. The northern summer nights can
be viewed in all their grandeur on this trip
northward.
From Throndhjem to Stockholm the
party will proceed by way of the famous
Meraker Valley. In Stockholm the party
will stop for two days. This city is known
as the Venice of the North, and its Royal
Library, its great museum, various art gal-
leries, and other public institutions, includ-
ing the Royal Castle, offer unusual attrac-
tions.
Upsala, with its great University Library,
its castle and cathedral, churches, and other
structures dating back to the middle
of the twelfth century, and the univer-
sity librarian, Axel Andersson, the bosom
friend of so many American library folk,
will next be visited. From Upsala the
party returns to Stockholm and proceeds
the same evening to Lund, where the an-
cient cathedral and new University Library
offer special attractions.
From Lund it is only a few hours by way
of Malmo to Copenhagen, the largest city
of northern Europe. Here again the art
collections, the great Royal Library, the
University Library, the museums, and the
magnificent open air concerts given by the
royal orchestra will prove a revelation to
those who for the first time visit this city.
Three days will be spent in Berlin before
proceeding to Dresden and Leipzig. After
three days at the Book and Library Expo-
sition, the party goes by way of Cologne to
Brussels, and thence to London and Oxford.
ITINERARY
July 14. Sail from New York by Scandinavian Atner-
can Line, S.S. Oscar II.
25. Arrive Christiania.
26-27. To be spent in Christiania, the capital of
Norway, beautifully situated at the head of
Christiania Fjord, surrounded by wooded
mountains. Carriage drives to points of
interest, and excursions to Bygdo and
Holmenkollen.
28. Leave by morning train for Bergen.
29. In Bergen, one of the oldest and most pic-
turesque towns in Norway. The most in-
teresting public buildings are the Kongshall
and Valkendorf's Taarn, near Bergenhus.
356
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[May, 1914
The St. Mariae, or Tydske Church, was
built in the twelfth century. The Cathe-
dral of St. Olaf was erected in 1248, re-
built in 1537, and restored in 1870. A
carriage drive will be taken to points of
interest in the city.
30. Sail from Bergen by Norwegian steamer
Irma.
31. Call at Odda, Eide and Noreimsund.
Aug. i. Call Balholmen, Flaam and Gudvangen.
2. Leave Gudvangen.
3. Call Visnaes, and Loen.
4. Call at Oie, Hellesylt and Merok.
5. Call at Naes, Molde and Kristiansund.
6. Arrive at Trondhjem. Visit the ancient
Fortress of Munkholmen, situated on an
island in the harbor formerly used as a
state orison, where the Danish prime minis-
ter, Count Griffenfeldt, was confined for
eighteen years. A carriage drive will be
taken to the famous waterfall of Store and
Lille Lerfos.
7. Leave by morning train for Stockholm.
8-9. In Stockholm, the capital of Sweden. The
chief attractions are the National Museum,
Historical Museum, Northern Museum,
Konstforening, or Art Union; the Djur
Garden, the Belvedere, Royal Palace, Rid-
darholm Church, for centuries the burial
- place of the monarchs and other celebrities;
the Riddarhuset, or Knight's House; and
the Town Hall.
lo-u. In Copenhagen, the capital of the kingdom of
Denmark. Copenhagen is an ancient and im-
portant city, strongly fortified. The Cathedral
and Thorwaldsen Museum are among the
most important buildings. The Rosenberg
Palace contains a wonderful collection, and
the Folkemuseum shows costumes, furniture
and modes of life of Danish peasants. Parks
are numerous, and Tivoli, a famous pleas-
ure resort, is worth a visit Carriage drive
will be provided.
12. Leave by early morning for Berlin.
13-14. In Berlin. Carriage drive. Visit the
Royal Palace, Friedrich Museum, Cathe-
dral, Parliament House, the Royal Palace
and Mausoleum at Charlottenburg ; also ex-
cursion to Potsdam to visit the Royal Pal-
ace, the Friedens-Kirche and Sans Souci.
15. Berlin to Dresden.
1 6. Dresden to Leipzig.
17-19. In Leipzig.
After departure from Leipzig travel
tickets will be supplied via Cologne, Os-
tend, London, Oxford to Liverpool, and
steamship berth at rate of $57.50 by the
steamer Teutonic, sailing Sept. 5, is in-
cluded in the fare. Hotel and other accom-
modations will cease with breakfast in
Leipzig, Aug 19. Inclusive fare is $370, and
covers ocean steamship accommodation first
class from New York to Christiania ($82.50
berth being provided) and for the return
journey a berth on steamer Teutonic, car-
rying one class of cabin passengers ($57.50
berth being provided). Travel tickets first
class on all local steamers, second class on
railroads on Continent, and third class in
Great Britain. Hotel accommodation at
good, comfortable hotels that can be thor-
oughly recommended, consisting of bed-
room, lights and service, and three meals
per day, meat breakfast, lunch and table
d'hote dinner. Transfers of passengers
and baggage, and free conveyance of steam-
ship companies' usual allowance of baggage
on ocean steamers, and 66 pounds of
checked or registered baggage in Europe
whilst with the conductor. Sight-seeing in
the various cities, drives and local excur-
sions, as mentioned in the itineraries.
Necessary fees for sight-seeing, hotel ser-
vants, porters, etc., and the services of a
competent conductor, local guides, etc.,
from arrival at Christiania, July 25, to
Leipzig, Aug. 19. The fares do not in-
clude stewards' fees on the ocean steamers,
laundry, baths, or private bills for wines,
etc., at hotels.
Application for membership should be
made to :
Or
MR. JAMES C. M. HANSON,
1661 West looth St., Chicago;
THOMAS COOK & SON,
15 E. Jackson Boulevard, Chicago.
A "MODEL" BRANCH LIBRARY
A VERY interesting model of a typical
branch library has been sent to Leipzig to
be included in the A. L. A. exhibit. A full-
page picture of the model is shown in this
issue of the LIBRARY JOURNAL. The model
is a reproduction of one of the Brooklyn
branches, and was provided as a part of
the Brooklyn exhibit, its cost being met by
a special appropriation from the director's
fund.
The model is designed to show a typical
arrangement of a one-room building, in
which the partitions between the various
rooms are formed by bookcases. In some
instances these cases are seven feet high,
in others they are not over three feet, with
a glass screen above, an arrangement giv-
ing complete supervision of the entire
room.
The model was built to the scale of a
half inch to a foot, the outside walls being
given a stucco finish, and the ceiling being
complete over the rear portion only of the
room. The work of making the model was
May, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
357
done by Miss Mazie A. Barnes, of Jersey
City, and the tables and chairs were made
by a member of the staff of the Brooklyn
Public Library.
"SPECIAL LIBRARIES" MEETING
A JOINT meeting of the Engineers Club
of the Special Libraries Association, east-
ern district, and the Efficiency Club of
Boston, was held on the evening of March
6 in the rooms of the Engineers' Club. The
general subject for discussion was "Applied
education and the specialized library."
D. N. Handy, president of the Special
Libraries Association, was chairman of the
meeting. He said that the special library
idea is to have a large amount of special-
ized information in connection with every
business, which, together with the litera-
ture of the business, must be at all times
accessible to the man who needs it. The
Special Libraries Association is bringing
about a cooperation between different as-
sociations of men and is keeping in touch
with the men who are doing things as well
as with the latest literature.
The speakers of the evening were Hor-
ace G. Wadlin, librarian of the Boston
Public Library, who spoke on "The public
library and the man who earns"; Boyd
Fisher, executive manager of the Efficiency
Society, Inc., whose topic was "Studying
for efficiency"; James A. McKibben, sec-
retary of the Boston Chamber of Com-
merce, who told of "The chamber's sys-
tem in getting information for its commit-
tees at work"; Miss Melita Knowles, exec-
utive secretary of the Women's Educa-
tional and Industrial Union, who spoke on
"Training women for salesmanship," and
G. W. Lee, librarian of Stone & Webster,
who described "The specialized library of
yesterday, to-day and to-morrow."
A wall exhibit of several different libra-
ries, in preparation for the library exhibit
at the Leipzig Exposition, was shown be-
fore the papers were read.
A full report of the meeting and papers
presented was printed in Special Libraries
for April.
A TRIBUTE TO HONORED TEACH-
ERS AND COLLEAGUES
THE New York State Library and
Library School have received many no-
table demonstrations of loyalty and affec-
tion during the past three years from
those who have shared in the benefits or
had a part in the work and spirit of these
allied institutions, but no event has brought
out in a happier or more touching way
the reality, depth and universality of this
feeling than the celebration which was held
at the library on April first in honor of
the three senior members of the staff and
faculty who on that day completed each
a quarter century of continuous service,
Miss Florence Woodworth, Miss Ada
Alice Jones and Mr. Walter S. Biscoe. In
a sense the tribute was of course a per-
sonal one, expressing individual affection
and regard that had grown out of delight-
ful personal relations; but there was that
in the demonstration which marked it un-
mistakably as something more than a mere
tribute to friendship and affection. In
nearly every utterance it was made evi-
dent that the celebration was primarily in
honor of an idea, a cause, an ideal of serv-
ice, and that the persons to whom the
tribute was rendered were thus honored
because they embodied in such a happy
and complete measure that idea and ideal.
In the mere matter of numbers partici-
pating, the celebration was impressive. A
score of libraries of New York state were
represented in person, more than 100
members of the State Library staff were
present, nineteen different classes of the Li-
brary School were represented, and libra-
rians came to bring their tribute of inter-
est and good will from places as far dis-
tant as Utica, Hartford, New York and
Jersey City, and Cambridge, Mass. Let-
ters of congratulation were received from
283 persons, telegrams from eighteen and
cablegrams from two. The assembly room
was bountifully supplied with flowers sent
by those who were not satisfied with
merely verbal tributes; and from the Al-
umni Association of the Library School
came gifts sufficient to provide for each
358
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[May, 1914
of the honored guests, a beautiful and
valuable memorial of the occasion.
The exercises were opened by Mr. J. I.
Wyer, Jr., director of the State Library
and of the Library School, who briefly
and happily expressed the spirit and
thought of the occasion, paying a warm
personal and professional tribute to his
former teachers and present colleagues, to
each of whom he acknowledged a debt of
deep gratitude. Though the occasion was
nominally in recognition of length of serv-
ice, it was the quality rather than the ex-
tent of it that Mr. Wyer pronounced most
worthy of honor. Special commendation
was made by him of the calmness, seren-
ity and faith with which these devoted
workers had seen the work of their best
years destroyed in a night and the un-
daunted spirit with which they had set
about the work of restoration.
Mr. Frank L. Tolman, reference libra-
rian of the State Library, speaking in be-
half of his colleagues on the library staff,
expressed in poetic terms his sense of the
value to the library cause of the service
that these three devoted workers had ren-
dered. "This occasion," he said, "is sig-
nificant, for it commemorates not only a
period in your long and efficient service to
the state, not only an era in the history
of this historic library, but an epoch in
the library development of this country.
Twenty-five years ago you cast your lot
with that modern crusader, Melvil Dewey,
in his holy war. Through this institution
he hoped to regenerate the state. .
The dreamer of dreams, the seer of vi-
sions, what can he accomplish without a
band of disciples? The stubbornness of
fact yields only to the greater stubborn-
ness of industry, patience and intelligence.
The toil and sweat of the struggle was
on your shoulders, and a large measure
of success was your reward. After many
years, years of success, Mr. Dewey re-
tired from the field, but his idea — his and
yours — lived and flourished because you
remained. . . . The future now looms
big with promise for this library.
''Melvil Dewey was not the only dreamer
of this state. As long ago as 1784, the
'first year after the war/ a group of ideal-
ists passed the first of a series of bills
through the legislature. They dreamed of
a federation of learning; of future univer-
sities, colleges, schools and cultural socie-
ties fused into one body and one spirit;
the mystic University of the State of New
York. This university was to be in very
truth, as its president has lately said, 'the
remembering and aspiring soul of the
state.' The dream of Melvil Dewey and
the dreams of those elder statesmen and
the vision of President Finley, fuse into
one. . . . The future hath still need
of you, Miss Jones, and you, Miss Wood-
worth, and you, Mr. Biscoe."
Dr. John H. Finley, representing the
State Education Department, expressed
his gratitude and pride in the fact that
the department included such representa-
tives of unworldliness, idealism and devo-
tion to the things of the spirit as those
who were this way being honored. He
regretted that the worth of such service
as they had rendered to the state was not
more adequately recognized by the legis-
lature, but material recognition and pecu-
niary rewards, he said, were at best but
small things compared with the rewards
they found in the work itself. To them
was given the high privilege of living in
a world they best loved, of doing the work
they most wanted to do, and this was
life's supreme blessing. He envied them
their lot, and to prove that this was no
passing mood of the moment, he quoted
the following lines, entitled "To a book-
worm," which he had written and pub-
lished a dozen years ago:
Oh, gentle worm, most wise, though oft denounced
a pest,
Who didst the pages of the ancients' books infest,
Their contents chew upon and inwardly digest,
I envy thee when o'er thy course I look.
For 'twixt the vellum walls of some sweet classic
tome,
'Mid leaves ink scented, thou didst have thy clois-
tered home,
All margined round with virgin fields in which to
roam
Whene'er thou caredst to leave thy lettered nook.
And when thou 'dst riddled thy last line, O, Ptinidus,
What happy destiny was thine, denied to us,
To lay thy sapient bones in such sarcophagus,
And be forever buried in a book.
The greetings, congratulations and good
May, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
359
wishes of the Alumni Association of the
State Library School, together with sub-
stantial memorial gifts, were presented by
the secretary, Miss Harriet R. Peck, li-
brarian of the Rensselaer Polytechnic In-
stitute of Troy. She was followed by Miss
Isabella K. Rhodes of the State Library
staff, who had served as committee of ar-
rangements for the celebration, and who
read a dozen or more of the messages that
had been sent to this committee from for-
mer members of the staff and graduates
of the Library School. The following are
a few typical contributions to this delight-
ful symposium of good will, gratitude,
pride and affection:
(Telegram) Lake Placid Club.
Grateful for the splendid record. We
are celebrating the quarter centennial here
also. Mailed three letters to the star and
leading ladies.
MELVIL DEWEV.
Worcester County Law Library.
"I wish on my own behalf as well as
on behalf of the. class of 1889, to present
felicitations on the triple twenty-fifth an-
niversary of Mr. Biscoe, Miss Jones and
Miss Woodworth as members of the staff
of New York State Library and as in-
structors in the State Library School. As
one of the second class of the school, I
remember the removal of the school to Al-
bany under Mr. Dewey in 1889.
Each of the three celebrants contributed
in his or her individual way to the suc-
cess of the school. Mr. Biscoe's erudi-
tion was only equalled by his conscien-
tious pursuit, even unto six places, of any
out-of-the-way bit of knowledge. Miss
Jones as cataloger, was firm and unbend-
ing in her ideals of scholarship. Miss
Woodworth's sunny nature rounded off the
rough places, and made plain the paths
and smooth the wrJks of library service.
In behalf of my class I wish the three
celebrants many more years of happiness,
joy, peace and rest."
G. K. WIRE,
Permanent Secretary, class of 1889.
Miami, Florida.
"I regret that I cannot be at the cele-
bration which is to mark the completion
of twenty-five years of service at the State
Library on the part of Miss Woodworth,
Miss Jones and Mr. Biscoe, but I wish to
send my personal tribute. Every student
who has passed under their care is under
great obligation to each of these honored
and well-loved teachers. Their instruc-
tion, their counsel and their example have
not only shown us the methods of library
science, but have also interpreted to us its
spirit, and have impressed upon us the
value of thorough, accurate, discriminat-
ing and persistent work in the library pro-
fession, and their personal and friendly
interest in each one of us has been a
constant encouragement and inspiration.
They have our love, our gratitude and our
good wishes without reserve. May they
long continue to be the veterans of the
library faculty of the veteran library
school."
WILLIAM R. EASTMAN.
New York Public Library. Office of the Director.
"Miss Florence Woodworth
Miss Ada Alice Jones
Mr. Walter S. Biscoe
Dear Teachers : I can think of no better
way to address you, because you were all
teachers of mine when I was a student in
the Library School in the winter of
1890-91, and there seems no other group
cognomen that fits so well. .
"To each of you I owe so much for
your kindly guidance in library science
and for your loyal and able support when
fifteen years later I became director there,
that I cannot let the anniversary go by
without a personal expression of appre-
ciation.
"Those who know the history of the
development of the library school idea
and its influence on library practice and
standards, realize what an important part
all three of you have borne in that de-
velopment. ... I offer my congratu-
lations in several capacities; first, as one
of your former students, later as director
of the State Library and Library School,
now as director of the New York Public
Library and president of the American
Library Association. I also add my per-
sonal congratulations and best wishes for
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[May, 1914
a continuance of your great service to
librarianship."
E. H. ANDERSON.
Rochester Public Library.
"My greeting and best wishes to the
honored trio, Woodworth, Jones, Biscoe —
names which stand in my mind for at
least two distinct things. First, for indi-
viduals whose personality was indelibly
impressed upon me during my school
course and who are associated with two
of the most delightful and learning- full
years of my life. In the second place I
think of them as types: Mr. Biscoe, the
omniscient; Miss Jones, the exact; Miss
Woodworth, the tactful. That the school
has had such an unbroken record of suc-
cess is due in a large measure to the re-
markable combination of many strong
qualities in the staff of instructors. . . .
Long live the combination."
WILLIAM F. YUST.
Division of Educational Extension, Albany. Public
Libraries Section.
"There are three things that go to make
up the ideal librarian : the love of books,
the love of folks and the love of system.
"The New York State Library School
has its preeminence mainly in the fact that
from its very beginning it has embodied
in a preeminent degree, these three things.
They have their ideal personification in
the three persons whom we delight to
honor to-day.
"Mr. Biscoe, in whom modern library
science and the spirit and taste of the old
time librarian are so perfectly blended;
"Miss Woodworth, in whose person the
world of books and the world of folks find
auch a happy meeting place;
"Miss Jones, who, like Kipling, finds
and reveals poetry in machinery and me-
chanics and makes the humble apprentice
in cataloging glow with the feeling, 'I too
am an artist.'
"In the thought of what their example
and spirit are accomplishing in the large
library world which they have done so
much to enrich, may they find a full re-
ward."
ASA WYNKOOP.
Washington, D. C.
To Miss Woodworth, Miss Jones, Mr.
Biscoe :
When yet the art was young whereby man found
His way through pathless tracts of printed books,
There came three pioneers, each full of hope,
To make plain paths and wide,
The wise to guide.
The first said, "Those who come this way must know
Which turni leads to the springs of Bibelot
I'll place as sign board Graesse and Brunei,
Old Watt and Roorbach grey,
Will point the way.
The second said, " 'Twere well to blaze a trail,
And records leave of pitfalls and of paths
Unsafe for entry, where destruction lies:
Til blaze one in red ink —
'Twill make them think.'1
The third was silent still, while bending low
She planted in the by-ways, seeds and ferns,
And then she smiled and spoke: "They'll flowers find;
They may lose heart the while —
'Twill make them smile."
We who came after know not all the toil
Of the first workers in that unknown land,
Who cleared a way that we might build thereon.
To them we would repay
Our thanks to-day.
HARRIET WHEELER PIERSON.
To Mr. Biscoe:
Numbers answer to your name,
Numbers testify your fame,
Numbers rise your name to bless,
Yet your friends are numberless.
FLORENCE WHITTIER.
The formal exercises were closed with
brief and characteristic responses from
the three guests of the day, each modestly
disclaiming any sense of special merit in
the record they had so unexpectedly heard
praised and honored, and each testifying
to the joy and satisfaction they had found
in their twenty-five years of service, both
in the work itself and in the rare and
precious fellowships it had brought them.
After these exercises, the staff of the
State Library tendered an informal re-
ception and repast to all participating in
the celebration, providing an opportunity
for personal congratulations and the re-
newal of many old associations.
A CORRECTION.
IN the article on "Reference books as
public utilities" (II. Some well-known dic-
tionaries compared), which was printed in
the March issue of the JOURNAL, it was
stated at the bottom of the first column
of page 184, that the Century dictionary
May, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
36l
does not give forms of address. This
statement was an error, as they are given
in the Supplement tinder the general entry
''Form," where they were overlooked be-
cause they are included in one paragraph,
two columns long, in which the first entry
is headed in black letters, "Biologic form."
G. W. L.
CARNEGIE CORPORATION LIBRARY
GIFTS— MARCH, 1914
ORIGINAL GIFTS, UNITED STATES
Black River Falls, Wisconsin $10,000
Clovis, California 7,000
Eagle Rock, California 7,500
Hartington, Nebraska 8,000
Independence, Missouri 20,000
Okolona, Mississippi 7>5°°
Preston, Idaho 10,000
Rapid City, South Dakota 12,500
$82,500
INCREASE, UNITED STATES
East Cleveland, Ohio $22,500
Zanesville, Ohio (flood damage) . . . 1,500
$24,000
ORIGINAL GIFT, CANADA
Glencoe, Ontario $5,ooo
LABOR SAVING DEVICES
"!F a man preach a better sermon, write
a better book, or build a better mouse trap
than his neighbor, though he hide himself
in the wilderness the world will make a
beaten path to his door." Twentieth cen-
tury manufacturers and salesmen are not
in the habit of hiding themselves in the
wilderness, and fifty or more of them will
be at the District of Columbia Public Li-
brary all through A. L. A. week, willing
and eager to show librarians how to lighten
the day's work. Incidentally, there are
many well beaten paths of asphalt from
the New Willard and other hotels to the
Public Library.
In an interesting and instructive article
published in the LIBRARY JOURNAL in De-
cember, 1910, Mr. F. K. W. Drury treated
the subject of "Labor savers in library
service." This subject has received in re-
cent years a great amount of attention.
There still remain vast possibilities of still
further increasing the efficiency of library
administration by the intelligent use of as
many time and labor savers as can be
obtained. The exhibit which will be held
at the Washington conference, on recom-
mendation and under the direction of the
A. L. A. Committee on Administration,
is an attempt to bring together as many
as possible of the most important labor
savers, and to bring manufacturers and li-
brarians together for the interchange of
information and the suggestion of new
ideas.
Some of the advantages which it is be-
lieved librarians can gain from a careful
study (not a casual inspection) of this ex-
hibit are the following:
(1) To examine and see demonstrated
certain devices of which they perhaps
know little or nothing.
(2) To learn of the newest equipment
and improvements on many old machines.
(3) To compare the merits of rival ma-
chines, for so far as possible the exhibit
will include more than one of each type.
(4) To get suggestions for new ways
of putting various devices to good use.
(5) To criticize any weak points of
which they may know in any machine or
equipment exhibited. The exhibitors would
prefer to hear praise, but if there is any
cause for honest criticism they want to
know it.
(6) To give suggestions to the exhibi-
tors of possible ways in which their ma-
chines or equipment might be improved
for library use. The exhibitors expect
the librarians to be keenly watchful for
new ideas. They themselves will be no
less alert.
In at least one important particular this
exhibit will differ from the "business
show," which has become so frequent in
the larger cities. The manufacturers
know that the exhibit was arranged pri-
marily for librarians. In many cases the
equipment they display will be selected be-
cause of its special adaptability to library
362
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[May, 1914
purposes, and things of interest only to
commercial houses will be subordinated or
entirely omitted. The exhibitors, too, can
make a more satisfactory demonstration
when they know the needs of the people
with whom they talk.
It is hoped that this collection of labor
savers will be found by no means the
least attractive of Washington's many at-
tractions. More detailed information will
be given if possible in the May Bulletin,
and a printed catalog of the exhibit will
be distributed to all who register on their
arrival at headquarters.
C. SEYMOUR THOMPSON.
THE PUBLIC LIBRARY,
Washington, D. C.
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF LAW
LIBRARIES
THE annual meeting will be held in
Washington, May 26, with headquarters
in the Red Parlor of the New Ebbitt
House.
PROGRAM
Sessions will be held on Tuesday morn-
ing and afternoon, and addresses will be
made by the following:
Hon. William L. Wemple, Asst. Attorney
General of the United States, on the
Functions and jurisdiction of the Court
of Customs Appeals.
Mr. Arthur F. Belitz, Asst. Revisor of
Wisconsin, on Some auxiliaries of sta-
tute revision.
Mr. George F. Deiser, of the Hirst Free
Law Library of Philadelphia, on Eng-
lish law libraries.
Dr. H. J. Harris, Chief of the Division
of Documents of the Library of Con-
gress, on the Monthly list of State pub-
lications.
Mr. Henry L. Bryan, Editor of Laws,
State Department, on the Promulgation
of the Acts of Congress.
Mr. Middleton Beaman, in charge of leg-
islative drafting research at Columbia
University, New York, on Bill drafting.
In addition, there will be a round table
on small law libraries, in charge of Miss
Claribel Smith, of the Hampden County
Law Library, Springfield, Mass., and an
informal presentation of the subject of
the expression of pagination in catalog-
ing by means of symbols, by Mr. T. L.
Cole.
It is hoped that a dinner can be ar-
ranged, to which all those attending the
conference will be welcome.
To those who are not members but who
will be interested in our proceedings, a
cordial invitation is extended to join and
attend our meetings. Will all such per-
sons please send their names and addresses
to the Secretary, Miss G. E. Woodard, Law
Library, University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, Mich., so that copies of the con-
ference news bulletins may be forwarded
to them? These bulletins will contain
much information regarding the confer-
ence not to be found elsewhere.
CONFERENCE OF SCHOOL LIBRA-
RIANS
FOR the conference of school librarians
in connection with the A. L. A. meetings
in Washington, May 25-29, the following
tentative programs have been arranged:
Meeting of normal and high school libra-
rians
9.30 a.m. Friday, May 29
Leader, Mary E. Hall, Girls' High School,
Brooklyn
"College and normal school courses in the
use of the library and in children's lit-
erature." Dr. P. P. Claxton, U. S. Com-
missioner of Education.
"How the library of the Bureau of Edu-
cation may serve the schools." Dr. J.
D. Wolcott, librarian, Bureau of Edu-
cation.
"Survey of the school library situation."
Willis H. Kerr, State Normal School,
Emporia, Kansas.
Discussion :
"Need of appropriations for school
libraries." Louis R. Wilson, Uni-
versity of North Carolina, Chapel
Hill, N. C.
"Laws pertaining to school library
work." Mrs. Pearl Williams Kel-
May, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
363
ley, State Board of Education,
Nashville, Term.
''School library work in Texas/'
Rosa M. Leeper, Dallas Public
Library.
Discussion of plans for further organiza-
tion and activity.
Resolutions and recommendations.
Election of officers for 1915.
The English Teachers' Journal Club of
Washington will hold its May meeting with
the school librarians, and arrangements
are being made to secure Prof. Charles
Alphonso Smith of the University of Vir-
ginia, as one of the speakers at this meet-
ing.
Normal school round table
Leader, Mary C. Richardson, State Normal
School, Castine, Me.
"The need of state supervision for school
libraries." Mrs. P. P. Claxton, Wash-
ington, D. C.
"Do teacher-librarian graduates find posi-
tions?" Willis. H. Kerr, Emporia, Kan.
"Is there need of standardizing library
courses in normal schools?" Lucy E.
Fay, University of Tennessee, Knox-
ville.
"Some essentials in courses of library in-
struction." Julia A. Hopkins, School of
Library Science, Pratt Institute.
(Each brief talk to be followed by informal
discussion.)
High school round table
Leader, Anna Hadley, Gilbert School,
Winsted, Conn.
Topics and speakers to be announced
later.
SCHOOL LIBRARY EXHIBIT
The Bureau of Education is preparing
a School Library Exhibit in connection
with these meetings. The plan is to pre-
sent school library work throughout the
United States in an exhibit which may
be permanently available, on request, for
use at educational meetings.
Letters have been sent to Normal and
High Schools and to Public Libraries and
Library Commissions asking for the fol-
lowing material :
Reading lists: Debating; Vocational
guidance; Holiday celebrations, etc.
Courses of study in library methods.
Pamphlets on school library administra-
tion.
Photographic views, exterior and interior,
of school library buildings; of "Library
Hour" with children, etc.
Graphic charts showing library work with
schools.
Blanks and forms used in school work.
Laws pertaining to school libraries and
the relation between public library and
school library.
Encouraging replies and interesting ma-
terial are coming from all parts of the
United States. Mr. John Cotton Dana of
the Free Public Library of Newark, N. ].,
an authority on the printing and mounting
of exhibition material, has been consulted,
and the Bureau of Education is fortunate
in securing some assistance from him in
the preparation of this exhibit.
American
Hssoctation
THE WASHINGTON PROGRAM
Four general sessions instead of the
usual six will be one of the noticeable feat-
ures of the Washington program, the com-
mittee having taken into consideration the
many libraries and other educational ob~
jects or interest which should be visited,
especially by those who have not been in
Washington before. As a further aid in
this direction the general sessions, except
the last, will be held in the evening. It is
thus believed that notwithstanding the
meetings of sections and affiliated societies
each morning and afternoon there will be
daylight time for the librarians to do a cer-
tain amount of visiting to the institutions
of the District of Columbia and to see the
exhibits at the Public Library and else-
where.
At the opening session, following a greet-
ing from the Librarian of Congress, Pres-
ident Anderson will deliver his presidential
address, his subject being "The tax on
ideas," and Mr. H. H. B. Meyer, of the
Library of Congress, will give an illus-
trated talk on the libraries of Washington,
which will be a timely hint as to what
should be seen during the week. One or
3^4
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[May, 1914
two other interesting features for this ses-
sion are being arranged.
Several well-known speakers have been
secured to address us. Dr. J. Franklin
Jameson, director of historical research of
the Carnegie Institution of Washington,
widely recognized as an historical expert,
author and editor, will speak on "The need
of a national archive building." Better care
for our archives is a vital question with
American scholars, and no one is better
qualified by experience or by official posi-
tion to speak on this need than is Dr.
Jameson. The work of the American Fed-
eration of Arts is a subject about which
perhaps librarians do not know as much as
they should. With this thought perhaps in
mind the president persuaded Mr. Robert W.
DeForest, of New York, the president of
the federation, and Miss Leila Mechlin, the
secretary, to address the Association on
this subject. Miss Mechlin's address will
be illustrated by the stereopticon. Mr. De-
Forest is well known for his interest in art,
having been for some years an officer of
the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New
York, and since the death of Mr. Morgan, its
president.
Doubtless most librarians have purchased
those little manuals so exceedingly useful
to the newly arrived would-be citizen,
"Guide to the United States," compiled by
John Foster Carr, director of the Immi-
grant Education Society of New York, and
it will be agreeable news that Mr. Carr will
address us on "The library and the immi-
grant." Although the subject is closely
akin to Mary Antin's of last year, we know
Mr. Carr will have a point of view and a
helpful thought entirely his own. Dr. P.
P. Claxton, the United States Commissioner
of Education, who was deeply interested in
libraries and library development long be-
fore he robbed a certain southern library
of its able and energetic executive, will dis-
cuss "Libraries for rural communities," a
phase of the library question which is re-
ceiving increasing attention, and in which
Dr. Claxton is particularly interested.
"The present trend" is the suggestive ti-
tle chosen by Mr. Charles K. Bolton, libra-
rian of the Boston Athenaeum, for a paper,
and Mr. W. N. C. Carlton, of the Newberry
Library, has taken as the title of his promised
paper "Prestige." We are sure that both
these gentlemen out of their diversified expe-
rience will give us all food for thought and
discussion.
Seven years ago the American Library
Association met in the South, in Asheville,
North Carolina. Although Washington as
our national capital is neither south nor
north, yet in a sense we are again meeting
this year in the South, for the District of
Columbia is well south of the Dixie line.
At Asheville it will be remembered Miss
Anne Wallace presented an historical sur-
vey of library conditions in the South, and
representatives of southern states followed
in a brief symposium of conditions in the
respective states from which they came.
So it is fitting that at this next meeting in
the South a report be heard of what has
transpired since the survey at Asheville,
and Miss Katharine Wootten, of the At-
lanta Library, a southern woman and a
southern librarian, has consented to bring1
this message and present it to us. Also
Miss Agnes Van Valkenburgh will enter-
tain us, and bring to us certain lessons in
"Readings from recent fiction," and we all
know that when "Miss Van" goes out to
stalk a moral she will find it and bring it
in dead or alive.
So much for the general sessions. These
will be held in the Continental Memorial
Hall, the building of the Daughters of the
American Revolution, than which there is
no finer auditorium in America.
Space fails to tell in detail of the plans
of the various sections and affiliated asso-
ciations, whose meetings for the most part
will be held in the New Willard Hotel.
Do the state liability and workmen's com-
pensation acts apply to libraries?; the
work of the Children's Bureau; new courses
in library schools; the state library and its
librarian ; the county agent and his relation
to rural library work; the functions and
jurisdiction of the Court of Customs Ap-
peals; What is the matter with present co-
operative methods? These are a few pertinent
topics culled from a hasty perusal of their
programs, and a round table of branch li-
brarians and a meeting of school librarians
will be additional features.
The conference will open Monday even-
ing, May 25, and close Friday afternoon,
May 29. GEORGE B. UTLEY.
TRAVEL ANNOUNCEMENT
No special rates have been granted the
Association for the Washington meeting.
A round-trip rate of somewhat less than
two single fares is available from some
New England and Atlantic states points,
May, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
365
but usually limited to return in ten days or
two weeks, including day of sale. (Con-
sult with local ticket agent in your home
city.)
First-class passenger fare to Washington
from various centers was given in the April
JOURNAL. For those wishing to travel to-
gether, the usual personally conducted
trips will be provided from Boston, New
York and Chicago, as follows:
NEW ENGLAND
(a) Party via Fall River Line to New
York, and thence to Washington via B. &
O. R. R., regular fare one way $9.65 ; round
trip (13 days' limit) $18.
(6) Party by Merchants & Miners Steam-
ship Co. from Boston to Baltimore, and
thence to Washington via Pennsylvania
R. R. Fare one way, including stateroom
berth and meals while on steamer, $16.
For reservations in either of the above,
notify Mr. F. W. Faxon, 83 Francis street,
Fenway, Boston, Mass., at once, or not
later than May 15.
(a) The Fall River Line party will leave
Boston from the South Station Sunday,
May 24, at 6 p.m., for Fall River. Special
coach will be reserved if enough people
register to warrant doing so. The train is
due at Fall River wharf 7.20 p.m. Steamer
sails 7.40 p.m., touching at Newport 9.15
p.m.; due New York City 7 a.m. (party
may stay on board until 9 a.m.). Special
breakfast on board 75 cents. Walk to Lib-
erty street ferry — two blocks from Fall
River Line dock. Ferry leaves at 9.30 for
Jersey City, where special train (for New
England and New York parties) will leave
over the Central Railroad of New Jersey
and the Baltimore & Ohio R. R. at 9.45;
due in Washington at 2 p.m. Lunch on
dining car 75 cents. If baggage is checked,
transfer in New York City will cost 50
cents.
EXPENSE
Boston to Washington, one way, using special
party ticket $8-52
One-half outside state room (whole room may
be engaged $2) i -oo
Breakfast (on steamer) « 75
Lunch (on dining car) 75
$11.02
For parlor car New York to Washington, if
desired, add 1.25
For any checked baggage, add per piece 50
I Send amount to F. W. Faxon before May
15-
Anyone desiring to return home by this
* route within 13 days should buy a round-
trip ticket ($18, limited to 13 days, including
day of sale) reading via Fall River Line
and Baltimore & Ohio R. R., and send
money for stateroom, meals and parlor car
seat (if wanted) at once or before May 15
to Mr. Faxon. Those using round-trip
tickets will check their own baggage on
these tickets. Those who send Mr. Faxon
money for one-way party ticket will be
given cards on which they may check bag-
gage.
(b) Boston to Washington by Merchants
& Miners' Steamship Co. This party will
leave Boston from Battery wharf, Com-
mercial street, at 5 p.m., Friday, May 22.
The steamer is due at Newport News (near
Old Point Comfort) Sunday morning, re-
maining there until Sunday night. Due
Baltimore Monday, May 25, 7 a.m. Leave
Baltimore (Pennsylvania R. R.) 8.25 a.m.
Due Washington 9.25 a.m. Breakfast may
be had at the Union Station, Baltimore.
Expense : Provided fifteen or more reg-
ister. If less than fifteen, $4 more will be
requested of members. Boston to Wash-
ington one way, using special party ticket,
including berth in stateroom (two persons
in a room) and all meals while on steamer,
$11.80. For checked baggage add 35 cents per
piece for Baltimore transfer. Those de-
siring to go with this party should send
$11. 80, plus 35 cents for baggage, to F. W.
Faxon at once, or not later than May 15.
Note: — It is cheaper to buy one-way with
this party and pay full fare home than to
buy round-trip ticket going by steamer and
returning either all rail or by Fall River
Line.
PARTY FROM NEW YORK, PHILADELPHIA
AND BALTIMORE
A special train will leave Jersey City via
the Central R. R. of New Jersey and the B.
& O. at 9.45 Monday morning, May 25; con-
necting ferry will leave Liberty street at 9.30,
West 23d street 9.20. All from New York,
Philadelphia and Baltimore who expect to
take this train, should send their name to C.
H. Brown, 26 Brevoort place, Brooklyn, N.
Y., on or before May 18.
Those who expect to return from Wash-
ington within ten days should buy a regular
round-trip ticket from New York; fare $10;
or from Philadelphia, fare $6.00. The one-
way fare from New York is $5.65; this can
be reduced by those who register for the
special train to $4.52, with corresponding re-
ductions from Philadelphia and Baltimore.
366
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[May, 1914
Dinner will be served on the special train
for 750. ; this arrangement is good only if a
sufficient number register, sending 75c. to the
undersigned by May 18. The railroad re-
quires a guarantee three days before the
party leaves, otherwise the regular rates will
be charged.
EXPENSES
From New York:
One way fare $4.52
Parlor car 1.25
Dinner 75
$6 5'
From Philadelphia:
One way fare $2. 72
Parlor fare 75
Dinner 75
$4.22
The above amount should be sent to Mr.
Brown by May 18. Those who buy a round-
trip ticket should send money only for the
parlor car seat and dinner ; those who do not
wish either one should deduct $1.25 or 75c.
respectively.
Those who send the amount for one-way
trip tickets will be given cards upon which
they may check baggage. Those using round-
trip tickets will check their own baggage on
these tickets. If two persons expect to re-
turn in the same party to New York or Phila-
delphia, mileage books can be supplied to
them for the return trip. This will reduce
the round trip fare from New York to $9.04
upon notification to Mr. Brown by May 18.
CHICAGO PARTY (INCLUDING MIDDLE
WEST)
Send deposit for Pullman reservation to
John F. Phclan, Public Library, Chicago,
before May 15.
A special electric lighted train will leave
Chicago via the Pennsylvania Railroad,
Union passenger station, Canal and Adams
streets, on Sunday afternoon, May 24, at 4
p.m., arriving in Washington Monday at 3
p.m. This train will consist of all steel
vestibuled sleepers, coaches, compartment,
drawing room, lounging, observation, and
parlor cars.
RAILROAD RATES
No special rates will be granted by the
railroads from Chicago and the west to the
Washington conference, but those desiring
to travel via special train can save money
by purchasing tickets from western points
to Chicago, and traveling on identification
cards, which will be furnished members of
special train party at the rate of $14.50 per
capita, Chicago to Washington. The same
party arrangement for ten or more may be
made returning, otherwise the full fare of
$17 will be required. The regular one-way,
standard rate, Chicago to Washington, is
$I7-5°> and returning $17.
The regular, one-way, standard rate, Chi-
cago to New York, Pennsylvania railroad
via Washington, is $20, and the same rate
returning, via Washington. The differen-
tial, one-way rate, Chicago to New York,
Baltimore & Ohio, via Washington, is $18,
same rate returning, via Washington.
The regular one-way, standard rate, Chi-
cago to Boston, Pennsylvania railroad, via
Washington, is $24.75, returning direct lines
from Boston, $22. The differential, one-
way rate, Chicago to Boston, $22.75, direct
lines returning $19.
Parties of ten or more desiring to extend
journey to New York may travel on party
rate, Washington to New York, fare $4.50.
One-way rates from points west of Chi-
cago to Washington, and to Chicago, and
Pullman rates from Chicago, are as quoted
in the April JOURNAL.
Those traveling from Pacific Coast points
should consult their local ticket agent, as
round trip rates, affording some reduction
over double one-way fares, will be avail-
able on certain dates.
DINING-CAR SERVICE
Meals will be served a la carte, except-
ing the dinner on the evening of departure,
Sunday, May 24, which will be served table
d'hote, costing $i.
Members who intend joining special train
in Chicago are urged to send in their ap-
plications early, with check to cover the
cost of accommodations desired.
All correspondence concerning western
party should be addressed to John F.
Phelan, Public Library, Chicago.
SCHEDULE OF SESSIONS
(This schedule is only tentative and minor
changes are liable to be made.)
MONDAY, MAY 25
Afternoon — Executive Board.
Evening— First General Session.
TUESDAY, MAY 26
Morning — American Association of Law
Libraries ; League of Library Commissions ;
College of Reference Section.
Afternoon — American Association of Law
Libraries; Professional Training Section.
Evening — Second General Session.
May, I9M]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
367
WEDNESDAY, MAY 27
Morning — Catalog Section; National As-
sociation of State Libraries; Children's Li-
brarians' Section ; Agricultural Libraries Sec-
tion.
Afternoon — Special Libraries Association ;
League of Library Commissions; College and
Reference Section.
Evening — Third General Session.
THURSDAY, MAY 28
Morning — Joint session of the League of
Library Commissions and Agricultural Libra-
ries Section ; Special Libraries Association ;
Catalog Section.
Afternoon — National Association of State
Libraries ; Branch Librarians ; Council.
FRIDAY, MAY 2Q
Morning — Documents Ro.und Table ; Trus-
tees' Section ; School Librarians (Joint ses-
sion).
Afternoon — Fourth General Session (Coun-
cil after adjournment).
Evening — Executive Board ; High School
Librarians, Normal School Librarians.
A LOBBY CONFERENCE
Here are a few topics suggested for a
"lobby conference." If you are interested in
any of these subjects talk them over with the
person indicated.
Are you interested in libraries in rural high
schools? — See Miss Martha Wilson, of Min-
nesota.
Are you going to install a business branch?
—See Mr. Dana or Miss Ball, of the New-
ark, N. J., business branch.
Is your library thinking of establishing a
pension system? — Talk with Mr. Legler, of
Chicago, or Mr. Stevens, of Pratt Institute.
Do you lend pictures,, mounted and un-
mounted, from your library? — See the collec-
tion at the Public Library of the District of
Columbia and the way they handle it.
Are you interested in instruction in legis-
lative and municipal reference work? — See
Mr. Dudgeon or Mr. Lester of the Wisconsin
Free Library Commission.
Do you have library institutes in your
state? — Ask Mr. Nursey of Ontario, or Mr.
Wyer of the New York State Library about
their respective institutes.
Did you know that Chicago has traveling
libraries conducted similarly to those in rural
communities? — Mr. Legler will tell you about
them.
Do you know the latest in library adver-
tising?—Mr. Rush of St. Joseph will tell you
what it is.
Selection of books for small branches and
delivery stations— Mr. Gardner M. Jones, of
Salem, Mass., would like to discuss this prob-
lem with others who have had experience.
Did you know that the St. Louis Public
Library allows people to charge their own
books in small branches? — Dr. Bostwick will
explain the method.
Did you know about the Public Affairs In-
formation Service?— Ask Mr. John A. Lapp
of the Special Libraries Association to tell
you about it.
Did you know that the Springfield, Mass.,
City Library is lending non-fiction books on
Sunday? — Ask Mr. Wellman if the arrange-
ment has been popular and helpful.
Have you a weeding-out system for your
collection of clippings? — See Miss McVety or
Miss Colegrove of the Newark Free Public
Library.
Have you investigated the vertical file sys-
tem of caring for maps?— See Mr. Dana of
Newark, or Mr. Windsor of the University
of Illinois.
Do you want to know about the exhibit
of American libraries at Leipzig? — Ask Dr.
Frank P. Hill of Brooklyn.
The health and well being of library work-
ers. Do you wish to know how to promote
it? — Consult Mr. Strohm of Detroit, or Mr.
Ranck of Grand Rapids.
How can libraries promote book-buying? —
If interested in this question talk with Rich-
ard B. G. Gardner, manager of the Publish-
ers' Cooperative Bureau.
Are you interested in a quick way of car-
ing for pamphlets and ephemeral material?
— See Miss McVety of the Newark Public
Library.
Are you interested in methods of install-
ing exhibits? — Ask Mr. Dana of the Newark
Public Library.
Do you intend to establish a municipal
branch of your public library? — Ask Mr. An-
derson of New York, or Dr. Bostwick of St.
Louis.
Are you interested in municipal document
indexing? — See Miss Hasse of New York,
or Mr. A. L. Bostwick of St. Louis.
Have you a satisfactory follow-up *system
in your book-order department? — Ask Mr.
Windsor of the University of Illinois to ex-
plain the method they use.
368
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[May, 1914
POST-CONFERENCE TRIP
Saturday, May 30, to Friday, June 5. Old
Point Comfort, the James river, and
Richmond, $30, including all expenses for
six days.
A restful, delightful and historic six-day
trip has been arranged by the Travel com-
mittee, leaving Washington Saturday even-
ing, May 30, by steamer down the Potomac
river and Chesapeake bay, spending two days
at Old Point Comfort, under the very walls
of Fortress Monroe, with possible easy
trips to Hampton, where there is a soldiers'
home and the famous Hampton Institute
for the education of negroes and Indians.
Norfolk and Newport News are near by,
and the harbor of Hampton Roads, where
the "Monitor" and "Merrimac" met in com-
bat, is just at hand.
Then we have the famous and delightful
all-day sail up the James river to Rich-
mond, stopping a few minutes at noon-
time to see the remains of Jamestown, the
original English settlement.
Two days and three nights in Richmond
will give opportunity to get acquainted with
that interesting city of 150,000 inhabitants,
rich in historic associations concerning the
Civil War, the Revolution, and the first
English settlers; Capitol Square, with the
State Capitol, is near the hotel. "The
White House of the Confederacy," home
of Jefferson Davis during his life in Rich-
mond, is now a Confederate museum, and
of great interest. St. John's church,
Twenty-fifth and Broad streets, is wl.ere, in
!775> the convention met in which Patrick
Henry made his famous speech, saying
"Give me liberty or give me death." With-
in a short distance from the city are many
battlefields of the Civil War. Electric cars
run out to Seven Pines battlefields.
Leaving Richmond Friday morning, June
5. the party goes by rail to Washington,
where trip ends at noon.
Register for this trip at once with F. W.
Faxon, 83 Francis street, Fenway, Boston,
Mass. $30, the cost of the trip based on
two in a room without bath, may be sent
to him by check or handed to him in Wash-
ington on or before May 27. Those desir-
ing room alone for the five nights in hotels
for this trip add $3. Those wishing room
with bath for the five nights, add $3. Those
desiring stateroom alone on steamer from
Washington to Old Point Comfort, add $i.
ITINERARY
Saturday, May 30. Leave Washington, by Norfolk &
Washington" Steamboat Co., 6.45 p.m.
Sunday, May 31. Arrive Old Point Comfort 7 a.m.
May 31, June i and until early breakfast June 2, at
Old Point Comfort, Va. (Mail and telegrams care
Sherwood Inn.)
Tuesday, June 2. Leave Old Point Comfort on S. S.
Pocalwntas, Old Dominion Steamship Co., 7.15 a.m.
All-day sail up the James river, stopping at old
Jamestown about noon. Lunch and supper on
board. Arrive Richmond 7-3O p.m.
Wednesday, June 3, Thursday, June 4, Friday, June
5, breakfast, in Richmond.
Friday, June 5. Leave Richmond, after breakfast, by
the Washington, Southern, Richmond, Fredericks-
burg & Potomac R. R. Arrive Washington, noon.
LONG ISLAND LIBRARY CLUB
The regular meeting of the Long Island
Library Club, to which the New York Library
Club was invited, was held at the Long Island
Historical Society Thursday evening, March
12.
After a brief business meeting Miss Hassler
announced that Miss Lutie Stearns would be
unable to address the club as planned because
of the death of her mother and sister. Re-
gret at her non-appearance and sympathy
with her great loss were expressed. In her
place Miss Connolly of the Newark Public
Library spoke on "The librarian's bootstraps."
She prefaced her remarks by saying she was
a teacher and not a librarian by profession,
and that her function in the Newark Library
was to criticize. First of all, she said, she
wished to restore to librarians confidence in
their fellowman, that because the public pur-
loined, mutilated and stole books and refused
to pay fines it did not mean innate and hope-
less wickedness, but that an otherwise hon-
est public was and would continue to be un-
scrupulous as far as books are concerned in
the belief that the knowledge contained in
them is free, freer than any library-made
rules. She then spoke of the need for better
salaries and more scholarly workers in the
profession. She said the feeling was prevalent
that any one working with books belonged
to the elect, the cultured, the literate, and for
that reason one was willing to take less
money, thus keeping salaries and standards
low. As a remedy she suggested that during
the first three years of work assistants should
become expert in, technique, taking great care
not to become machines ; that all those without
ability should be dismissed, it being a crime
to allow such to continue in the work beyond
three years; that any one showing ability in
May, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
369
any particular line of work should be re-
warded by shortening the time of service two
hours a week, the time so given to be devoted
to study along the particular bent displayed,
and as the assistant's ability and value increase,
to give still more time until finally one could
go to the trustees and ask for an increase
of $200 in salary and a shortening of hours
of service to 35 a week, in view of the fact
that the library had a scholar. She closed
by saying that the library profession needed
scholars with souls to make live librarians,
but that to obtain them time was necessary
to develop ability.
The president then announced Far Rocka-
way as the place of the May meeting, with
Jamaica as alternative in case of bad weather.
A rising vote of thanks was extended to
the Long Island Historical Society for its
hospitality, and the club adjourned to the
library for social intercourse and refresh-
ments.
ELEANOR ROPER, Secretary.
TWIN CITY LIBRARY CLUB
The spring meeting of the Twin City
Library Club was held in St. Paul, Minnesota,
on the evening of March 24, 1914. Eighty-
four members of the Club partook of a deli-
cious dinner that was served in the large
cafeteria of the Y. W. C. A. building. The
tables were decorated with ferns and candles,
and with a large bouquet of forty Killarney
roses that were presented to Mrs. Helen Mc-
Caine, the president of the Club, to commemo-
rate the forty years of her service in the St.
Paul Public Library. The flowers were the
gift of the Club, and they were presented by
Miss Gratia A. Countryman of the Minneap-
olis Public Library, with a beautiful message
of love and appreciation.
The chief address of the evening was given
by Dr. William Dawson Johnston, who has
recently succeeded Mrs. McCaine as head of
the city library, and the meeting was largely
in his honor.
Dr. Johnston seemed in a very happy mood,
and told in humorous vein of his thoughts
and feelings as he left the "underground"
environs of highly civilized New York and
came into the bright and open regions of the
West, "to play with giants," as he expressed it.
Dr. Johnston advocated the administration
of the library on the commission plan. "If
the commission form of government is good
for a city then it is just as good for a library,"
said he. "Not only would this plan be a good
thing for the librarian, but for the members
of the staff. The best results can be obtained
by organization.
"I believe in an eight hour day for every
one except librarians. Librarians must work
days for love of the labor, and they must
work nights because they have to do so in
order to prepare for the next day."
A very pleasant feature of the evening was
the address of welcome to Dr. Johnston and
his introduction to the Club by Mr. Charles
W. Ames, president of the St. Paul Institute,
and for the past fifteen years a member of the
city Library Board.
The following resolutions in honor of the
late Richard A. Lavell of Minneapolis, who
died Nov. 28, 1913, were presented by Miss
Clara Baldwin, secretary of the State Library
Commission, and were unanimously adopted :
RESOLUTIONS
Whereas, One of our members, Richard A. Lavell,
has passed away since our last meeting, at which as
president of the club he presided;
Whereas, In his passing we have lost a valued
member and beloved associate; be it
Resolved, That we express our deep appreciation
of his unselfish devotion to the interests of the club,
and his service to the library profession in the Twin
Cities; that we extend to Mrs. Lavell our sincere
sympathy in her bereavement; that a copy of these
resolutions be forwarded to Mrs. Lavell, and they be
spread upon our minutes.
RHODE ISLAND LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
The thirtieth session of the Rhode Island
Library Association was held at the Deborah
Cook Sayles Public Library in Pawtucket,
R. I., on Friday, Mar. 31, 1914.
The meeting opened at 2.30 o'clock with
an address of welcome by his honor, Mayor
Giles W. Easterbrooks of Pawtucket. Mayor
Easterbrooks called attention to items of his-
torical interest concerning the Pawtucket
Library, and mentioned the fact that this
library was the originator of the open shelf
system of keeping books, and the first to abol-
ish the age limit of children using the library.
Mr. Dougherty, president of the associa-
tion, followed Mayor Easterbrooks with a
few words of welcome on behalf of the asso-
ciation, and invited a public inspection of the
many improvements made in the library since
the meeting held ten years ago. Many peo-
ple remained to do this during the time be-
tween the afternoon meeting and the supper
served by the trustees to about seventy-five
guests, in the parlors of the First Baptist
Church.
The other speakers of the afternoon were
people prominent in various lines of work,
mostly in Pawtucket, and they spoke on the
370
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[May, 1914
general topic — "The library and the commun-
ity," as follows :
Rev. Edward R. Evans, representing "The
minister," said the minister especially appre-
ciated the value of the library to the people
because its influence was seen directly
through the people's own reading, and indi-
rectly through the minister's opportunity to
read and present to the people the results of
his researches. Religion without learning is
superstition, and learning without religion is
barren intellectuality. Hence the infinite value
of the library to the minister.
The point of view of "The lawyer" was
presented by Mr. James L. Jenks. "Too
many people," he said, "are absolutely ignor-
ant on the simplest matters of law. The li-
brary should fill this need by having elemen-
tary books available for all. The lawyer must
be posted on an innumerable number of sub-
jects for his work, and where could he get
his information, many times, if not at the
library?"
For "The business man" William McGregor
spoke of the great value of the library to
foreigners in helping them to become familiar
not only with American business life, but
also along civic lines as well. The business
man can find invaluable information on al-
moit any subject in the library and can
thereby keep up to date in his special line,
besides deriving much recreation therefrom.
Dr. Byron U. Richards, speaking for "The
doctor," said that while the public library
should not be turned into a strictly medical
library, it should have some books along
medical lines added regularly, for doctors are
taxpayers and wish to keep up to date, and
it is not always possible individually to buy
all the books a physician needs. The doctor
often works under severe mental strain and
looks also to the library for recreational
reading to relieve the nervous tension.
Elmer S. Hosmer, representing "The
teacher," emphasized the fact that the teach-
er's work is very closely allied with that of
the library. As close cooperation as possible
is recommended, and he stated that the value
of the actual extension of libraries and li-
brary methods directly into the school build-
ing, as demonstrated in Pawtucket High
School, has been very marked.
"The shop girl" and her opinion of the
library was presented by Miss Ida M. Whit-
low. She said the cooperation between the
library and the factories has produced some
valuable results. The girls have not only
been glad to use the books sent to the fac-
tories but have been stimulated to use the
library in the evening to follow up some
educational or recreational lines in which
they had become interested.
Miss Margaret W. Shipman, of the Boston
Public Library, spoke for a few moments
on the value of the story hour for the chil-
dren, and gave examples of stories told to
interest the children in the good things of
literature.
The evening program, beginning at 7 p.m.,
was given over entirely to addresses by Mr.
and Mrs. William Alanson Borden, who in na-
tive costume, and with many curios and other
articles for illustration, told in glowing terms
of the library movement in India, and gra-
phically pictured many of the social customs
of India. There was a large attendance and
the session was voted a great success.
The next meeting will be held with the
North Scituate Public Library the latter part
of June, and will be an open air meeting.
E. W. MAGOON, Recorder.
THE ASSOCIATION HANDBOOK
The new handbook for 1914 of the Rhode
Island Library Association has appeared. It
contains the constitution of the association, a
schedule of meetings since organization, a list
of the libraries of Rhode Island and their li-
brarians, and the officers and members of the
association.
MICHIGAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
Under the joint auspices of the Michigan
Library Association and the State Library
Commission, aided by the Story Tellers'
League of Adrian, there was a most success-
ful Library Day held at Adrian on March
2. Most of the librarians arrived in the
morning, and after a short time spent in
greetings and in looking over the Adrian Li-
brary so ably presided over by Mrs. Jewell
and her daughter, the work of the day was
begun in a unique manner. Miss Jewell
placed on the table some new books that
had been ordered for the library and these
were examined, discussed and criticized.
The first subject on the program was "Li-
brary efficiency," and this topic occupied the
attention of the librarians until noon when
the visitors, fourteen in number, were taken
to the hotel for dinner, as guests of the
Adrian Library.
After dinner the discussion of the topics,
"Book selection," and "Supervision of chil-
dren's rooms," was freely indulged in by all
present. This meeting, presided over by Miss
May, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
371
Preston of Ionia, was adjourned in time for
the story-hour by Mrs. Gudrun Thorne-
Thomsen which was a most enjoyable feature
of the day. The large Presbyterian church
was filled with school children and teachers
who listened with rapt attention to the de-
lightful stories which Mrs. Thomsen told in
her inimitable manner. In the evening Mrs.
Thomsen gave a lecture in the auditorium
of the library on the place and value of
children's stories. Mrs. Thomsen advised
against the story which is labeled and tagged
with a moral. Such stories do not appeal to
children. The ethical training received by
the child from stories is valuable, but it is
of a general sort, the kind which comes from
hearing and seeing the best in literature and
art. The story-hour is not for mere amuse-
ment or to pass the time away, but takes
the place of fine literature for grown-ups
and is a high type of real enjoyment.
The Story Tellers' League of Adrian, a
very active organization, secured the services
of Mrs. Gudrun Thorne-Thomsen, and
through the management of Miss Agnes
Jewell the meeting of the librarians of that
district was appointed for the same date, thus
giving to the library workers an unusually
good program for a district meeting.
Librarians were present from Lansing,
Ionia, Detroit, Ypsilanti and Mount Clemens,
as well as from Adrian and its immediate
vicinity. The teachers and students of the
Blissfield Normal School were present for the
afternoon story-hour.
PLANS FOR JOINT SUMMER MEETING
Arrangements have been completed for
holding the joint meeting of the Michigan
and Wisconsin Library Associations at Me-
nominee, Mich., and Marinette, Wis., July 29-
31, 1914. It has been felt that there is much
to be gained from joint meetings of state
associations, and the Michigan Library Asso-
ciation can bear witness to this fact from
the great success attending the joint meeting
with the Ohio Library Association in 1911.
For years the Michigan Library Association
has been promising itself the pleasure of
meeting in the Upper Peninsula, and the pro-
posed meeting nt Menominee and Marinette
enables us not only to do this, but also to
get acquainted with our neighbors. These
towns, located as they are on historic Green
Bay, separated only by the Menominee river,
should prove especially attractive for a mid-
summer meeting.
The committee in charge of the meeting
have arranged a program which combines
instruction, inspiration and entertainment.
Speakers of more than local reputation have
been engaged, round tables have been
planned, and opportunities for informal dis-
cussion will be given. Prominent among the
topics on the program will be such live sub-
jects as "The growing librarian," "Vocational
guidance as a library function," "The library
as a moulder of public opinion," and "The
place of art in a library."
One of the chief advantages of a meeting
like this will be the opportunity afforded of
becoming acquainted with some of the prom-
inent workers in the library field, of discuss-
ing with others the problems which they also
have had to meet, and of drawing inspira-
tion from coming in contact with librarians
who share and impart inspiration for the
cause.
Restful entertainment has been planned.
There will be boat trips and motor rides, a
reception, and dinners in Menominee and
Marinette. The Commercial Club of Menom-
inee and the officials of the Spies Memorial
Library have been tireless in planning for
the comfort of the visiting librarians.
For special information in regard to de-
tails, address Miss Annie A. Pollard, Secre-
tary, Grand Rapids Public Library.
THEODORE W. KOCH, President.
ARKANSAS LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
The fourth annual meeting of the Arkan-
sas Library Association was held at Pine
Bluff, April 2 and 3, Dr. C. H. Brough pre-
siding. In holding the meeting in Pine Bluff
it was felt an impetus could be given the new
movement there for a public library.
The first session was held at 3 p.m.,
Thursday. Rabbi Joseph Jasin, a represen-
tative from the Pine Bluff Library Associa-
tion, opened the meeting with an address of
welcome. The keynote of Rabbi Jasin's ad-
dress was that the library is a necessity
rather than a luxury, A response to the ad-
dress of welcome was made by Dr. Brough,
the president. Dr. Brough holds the chair
of economics at the State University, and
is thoroughly acquainted with economic and
intellectual needs of the state. He made an
eloquent appeal for Hbraries in the towns
and cities of the state and further empha-
sized the immediate necessity of more libra-
ries.
Miss Marguerite English, children's libra-
rian in the Little Rock Public Library, gave
372
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[May, 1914
an illuminating paper on "Southern libraries
and their work." She reviewed the work of
the more aggressive libraries, showing the
large possibilities for the library in awaken-
ing the intellectual spirit of the South.
Mr. A. H. Simmons, librarian at Hendricks
College, discussed "The public library in its
relation to the schools and colleges," giving
practical ideas for better cooperation and
correlation.
The Rev. Mr. Ingham, the founder and
organizer of the Camden Public Library, the
first public library in the state, discussed
briefly the establishment of libraries in the
smaller towns. He urged the people not to
delay until their town should be large enough
for a Carnegie building, but to set to work
immediately to secure a room and a small
nucleus of books, adding to this collection
persistently each year, as a library so secured
through the zeal and sacrifice of the citizens
would be best appreciated.
Miss Eva Reichardt, state organizer of
school improvement associations, gave a talk
on the school improvement libraries in the
rural districts. She especially urged the Pine
Bluff citizens in the event of establishing a
public library, to first secure an efficient li-
brarian, as otherwise the library would be-
come merely an architectural addition to the
city.
At 6.30 the library workers were the guests
of the Pine Bluff Library Association at a
dinner served in the Hotel Jefferson. A de-
lightful musical program was rendered dur-
ing the course of the dinner which greatly
added to the pleasure of the evening. After
the dinner the guests were driven by auto-
mobile to the Chamber of Commerce where
a public meeting was held. Mr. Dan Taylor,
president of the Pine Bluff Library Associa-
tion, opened the meeting with an earnest plea
to the people of his city to ally themselves
with the intellectual movements of the times,
definitely organize a library campaign for an
adequate building, and place themselves in
the vanguard of the Arkansas library move-
ment. This enthusiastic address was fol-
lowed by a carefully prepared paper on "Ar-
kansas and its libraries," by Miss Laura
Brower of Van Buren. Miss Brower,
through hundreds of letters, personal inter-
views and thorough investigation, carefully
compiled material for this paper, the first
real analysis of the library condition. Her
paper was recognized by all present as a most
valuable document.
Mr. George B. Utley of the American Li-
brary Association, gave the address of the
evening, "The changing conception of the
public library." Whether librarian or layman,
each one present felt that he had touched
the library movement at every point. The li-
brarians were given a broader, deeper view
of the work, the laymen a new knowledge of
the scope of the work emanating from the
library centers. Mr. Utley closed his ad-
dress with welcome words of optimism for
the library workers in Arkansas.
On Friday morning some librarians visited
the public schools, where stories and short
talks were given the children and teachers.
At 10.30 a business session of the library
association was called at which the following
officers were elected : Dr. C. H. Brough,
unanimously reflected president ; Mrs. C. W.
Pettigrew, Pine Bluff, vice-president ; Rev.
Mr. Ingham, Camden, second vice-president ;
Dr. Joseph Jasin, Pine Bluff, field secretary ;
Dorothy D. Lyon, reflected secretary; Dan
Taylor, Pine Bluff, chairman advisory board;
other members to be named by the president
later.
At the request of the State Federation of
Women's Clubs and the State Teachers' As-
sociation, delegates were elected to represent
the Arkansas Library Association and have
a place on each of the programs. It was
also decided to send a library exhibit to the
state fair in October. It is the purpose of
the library association to get the library move-
ment before the people through as many or-
ganizations and with as much publicity as
possible "without money and without price."
Resolutions of appreciation of the kindness
and hospitality of the citizens of Pine Bluff
were heartily endorsed.
At 11.30 a joint meeting of the Pine Bluff
Chamber of Commerce and the Young Men's
Progressive Business League met with Mr.
Utley to discuss the immediate steps for a
public library for their city.
A long automobile ride closed the pleasant-
est library meeting ever held in the state.
DOROTHY D. LYON, Secretary.
TENNESSEE LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
The Tennessee Library Association held its
annual meeting on Tuesday, Jan. 13, 1914, in
the Carnegie Library of Nashville. In addi-
tion to a large local attendance there were
present from out of town Miss Marilla Waite
Freeman of the Goodwyn Institute Library,
Memphis; Mr. Charles Johnston of the
Cossitt Library, Memphis ; Miss Margaret
Dunlap, librarian of the Chattanooga Public
May, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
373
Library ; Miss Jennie E. Lauderdale of Dyers-
burg, former state librarian; Miss Alice
Drake, librarian of the Free Public Library,
Jackson; Miss Lucy E. Fay, librarian of the
University of Tennessee Library, Knoxville;
Mrs. Murfree, librarian of the Middle Ten-
nessee State Normal Library, Murfreesboro,
and Mrs. Sherrill, librarian Carnegie Library,
Brownsville. The morning session was
opened by an address by Mr. G. H. Baskette,
president of the Board of Trustees of the
Carnegie Library, Nashville, and honorary
president of the association. Mr. Baskette
said in extending a welcome to the association
in behalf of the local librarians that the greet-
ing was more than a formality. It was an ex-
pression of genuine gladness and hearty hos-
pitality. He said there is a peculiar feeling
of fellowship among librarians which gives
special zest to their meetings. This is due,
he thought, not alone to professional inter-
est, but also to the fact that the librarian has
a conception of his work and vision of its
opportunities and possibilities for educational,
social and moral advancement, which it is
difficult to get communities, and often even
library boards, fully to comprehend. Library
work is practical, systematic and businesslike,
yet it is invested with a sentiment and per-
meated with a purpose of altruistic service
which is not understood by those, who for
lack of inclination or opportunity, do not get
into the heart of the library motive and
meaning. For these reasons it is natural that
librarians should be drawn together in a
special spirit of fellowship and cooperation,
and find pleasure, profit and encouragement
in meetings like this.
The general theme of the day was Simpli-
fication, Socialization, Specialization. This
theme was suggested by Miss Marilla Waite
Freeman, president of the association, who
outlined the program, and presided at all
sessions. In opening the meeting, Miss Free-
man said that she would translate "the three
S's of the general theme into plain Anglo-
Saxon as follows : Simplification — Is there
lost motion in your machinery? Socialization
— Is your library a social center? Speciali-
zation— Do you reach the man on the job?
These were the three questions the program
of the day was intended to set us asking our-
selves, perhaps to be more fully considered at
future meetings.
The morning program was divided under
two heads: (i) "How to simplify our rou-
tine." and (2) "How to make our libraries
centers of social service." Under the first
division Miss Margaret McE. Kercheval, libra-
rian of the Carnegie Library of Nashville,
read a paper on "How to simplify routine in
public libraries." At its completion Mr.
Charles Johnston gave a brief talk on a loose-
leaf simplified accession sheet, illustrated by
the special sheet itself.
"How to simplify routine in school libra-
ries" was then discussed by Mrs. Pearl Will-
iams Kelley, director of library extension of
the State Department of Public Instruction.
Mrs. Kelley gave an interesting account of
the work she is doing in the country schools
of Tennessee, through the State Education
Department, which has appropriated $15,000
for library extension and school libraries.
There was a short discussion on these papers
by Miss Freeman, Mr. Johnston and Miss
Lauderdale.
Under the second division of the morning
session Miss Margaret Dunlap of the Chatta-
nooga Public Library, discussed "The city
library as a social center." This was fol-
lowed by a talk on "The library and social
movements," by Miss Lauderdale of Dyers-
burg. Miss Lauderdale explained to the asso-
ciation that she had misplaced a part of her
paper on this subject and asked permission to
substitute a paper on the "History of Ten-
nessee libraries," prepared while at Simmons
College Library School.
Miss Mary Skeffington, librarian of the
State Library, Nashville, completed the
morning session by a paper entitled "What the
state librarian can do for rural centers." The
president then appointed as a committee on
nomination of officers Mr. G. H. Baskette,
Miss Alice Drake and Mrs. Pearl Williams
Kelley. A committee to submit amendments
to the constitution was composed of Miss Fay,
Mr. Johnston and Miss Kercheval. Follow-
ing the morning session, out-of-town members
of the association were entertained by the
Nashville librarians at a luncheon at the
Hotel Hermitage.
The afternoon session on Specialization was
opened by a talk on the subject "How to
reach special classes," by Mr. Charles D.
Johnston of the Cossitt Library, Memphis.
Mr. Johnston touched upon many phases of
the subject, which he said resolved itself into
the one word "Publicity," and in closing de-
scribed most interestingly the work of the
Cossitt Library with the colored population of
Memphis, carried on chiefly through the col-
ored schools.
This was followed by a paper by Miss Alice
L. Drake on "Book selection for specir-.I
374
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[May, 1914
classes." Miss Drake's incidental definition
of an immoral book as one which lowers the
spiritual temperature of the reader, or rather
as one which has a spiritual influence to les-
sen the happiness and usefulness of the read-
er, led to an animated discussion. The spe-
cial work of college and normal school libra-
ries was treated in a most valuable paper by
Miss Lucy E. Fay, librarian of the Univer-
sity of Tennessee at Knoxville.
Miss Fay upon request of the president
also spoke briefly in regard to a text book
she is preparing for the instruction of nor-
mal school students in the use of libraries
and books. Discussion of this subject was
led by Miss Sanders, librarian of Vanderbilt
University Library, and Miss Elizabeth
Bloomstein, librarian of the George Peabody
College for teachers. A general discussion
followed on the relation of the librarian to
the student and college professor.
Three minute reports from many librarians
on recent activities in their libraries were next
heard. Mrs. Murfree of the Middle Tennes-
see Normal School Library, Mrs. Sherrill of
the Carnegie Library of Brownsville, Miss
Blake and Mrs. Carmack of Nashville were
among those who spoke.
Miss Freeman then gave a report of the
A. L. A. Kaaterskill Conference covering in
an interesting way the principal points of the
meeting. The president called attention to
the fact that the association may have affilia-
tion with the American Library Association
and representation in its council upon pay-
ment of annual dues of $5.00. On motion of
Mr. Johnston, the resolution was made and
carried that the Tennessee Library Associa-
tion affiliate itself with the A. L. A.
Some slight amendments to the constitution
included the reshaping of the executive com-
mittee to be composed of the officers of the
association and the president of the preced-
ing year. The following officers were elected :
President, Miss Lucy E. Fay, University of
Tennessee Library, Knoxville ; first vice-
president, Miss Margaret Dunlap, Chatta-
nooga; second vice-president, Mr. Charles D.
Johnston, Memphis ; secretary-treasurer, Miss
Margaret McE. Kercheval, Nashville.
The night session was in conjunction with
the Tennessee Public School Officers' Asso-
ciation. It was called "An evening with some
Tennessee authors." . Mrs. Harry Anderson
of the Vanderbilt School of Expression, and
Misses Winnia and Shipp of the same school,
gave selected readings from "Charles Egbert
Craddock," Maria Thompson Daviess, Corra
Harris, John Trotwood Moore and other Ten-
nessee authors. Miss Mabel Williams, presi-
dent of the Public School Officers' Associa-
tion, introduced Miss Freeman, who gracefully
placed the evening program in Mrs. Ander-
son's hands.
At the close of the evening Mr. Johnston
offered for the visiting librarians the follow-
ing resolution :
Resolved, That the visiting members of the
Tennessee Library Association record their
appreciation of the hospitality of the Carne-
gie Library of Nashville, and extend to the
librarians of Nashville a vote of thanks for
the many acts of thoughtful kindness ex-
tended to them during the meeting of the
association.
MARGARET McE. KERCHEVAL, Secretary.
CALIFORNIA STATE LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
The annual meeting of the California State
Library Association will be held at the Hotel
del Coronado, San Diego, June 15 to 20 in-
clusive, with nearly 350 delegates from all
over the state. James L. Gillis, Sacramento,
is president of the organization, and Miss
Victoria Ellis, until recently librarian at Long
Beach, is secretary. The committee is al-
ready at work on the program.
SASKATCHEWAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
A meeting to organize a library association
for the Province of Saskatchewan, northwest
Canada, was held on April 13, in the public
library building of the city of Moose Jaw.
The meeting was attended by all the most
prominent educationalists in the province, as
well as a number of those engaged actively
in library work.
Mr. J. R. C. Honeyman, chief librarian of
Regina Public Library, who had been chiefly
responsible for calling the meeting, opened
the proceedings with a brief address in which
he outlined the legislation at present on the
statute books with regard to libraries, and
pointed out the necessity of forming an as-
sociation, not only for the benefit of libra-
rians themselves, but to form a body of pub-
lic opinion to secure needed legislation.
A constitution was drafted and adopted,
based on the constitution of the Ontario Li-
brary Association.
The following officers were appointed:
President, Mr. C. W. Cameron of the Colle-
giate Institute, Saskatoon ; vice-president, Mr.
A. H. Gibbard, librarian, Moose Jaw Public
Library; secretary-treasurer, J. R. C. Honey-
man; members of council: Messrs. A. Ken-
May, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
375
nedy, Weyburn ; J. G. Gallaway, North Bat-
tleford, and G. A. Brown, Prince Albert.
Resolutions were unanimously adopted re-
questing the provincial government to place
the administration of legislation affecting the
library system of the province in the hands
of the minister of education ; also that the
provincial government so amend the school
acts as to provide that where a public library
has been established under the "Public Li-
braries' Act" in any city or town municipal-
ity, upon the request of the school board of
such city or town, the library board may take
over the control, management and supervision
of all school libraries, upon such terms as
may be mutually agreed upon between the
respective boards. It was also resolved that
the association urge upon the government the
desirability of taking immediate steps toward
providing the rural communities of the prov-
ince with library facilities. As a rider to this
it Avas suggested that the rural schools might
conveniently be employed for the care and
distribution of such books as might be pro-
vided.
Another resolution drew attention to the
necessity for the simplification of the returns
now required from the larger libraries in or-
der to enable them to qualify for the govern-
ment grants. Committees were appointed to
interview the minister of education at the
first available opportunity, and present to him
the resolutions above referred to in person.
Before concluding the meeting, resolutions
were adopted thanking Mr. Honeyman for
his activity in connection with the work of
organization, and also thanking the library
board of the city of Moose Jaw for provid-
ing accommodation for the meeting.
An executive meeting was held immediately
after the close of the general meeting, and
after transacting the routine business, a tel-
egram of greeting from the newly formed
association was sent to the president of the
Ontario Library Association in session at
Toronto.
Tlibrarp Scboote
NEW YORK STATE LIBRARY SCHOOL
During the annual library visit, which
took place March 3i-April 7, the following-
libraries were visited: Springfield City Li-
brary Association; Worcester Free Public
Library; Clark University Library; Wor-
cester County Law Library; American An-
tiquarian Society; Boston Public Library:
Massachusetts State Library; Boston Book
Co.; Harvard University Library; River-
side Press; Brookline Public Library; Med-
ford Public Library; Salem Public Library;
Providence Public Library; Providence
Athenaeum; Brown University; Annmary
Brown Memorial.
Many of the students paid brief volun-
tary visits to other libraries in the vicinity
of Boston, and in Providence, Northamp-
ton and New Haven. The cordiality and
hospitality which have so long been a feat-
ure of the visit were again in evidence.
The party is under particular obligations
to Mr. and Mrs. Robert K. Shaw, the
Medford Public Library, the Essex Insti-
tute (Salem, Mass.), Mr. Gardner M. Jones,
of the Salem Public Library, and Dr. H. L.
Koopman and the staff of Brown Univer-
sity Library, for special features which
added much to the pleasure of the visit to
their libraries.
Charles E. Rush, '08, librarian of the St.
Joseph (Mo.) Public Library, addressed the
school April n, his subject being "Promi-
nent illustrators of children's books."
The month of March was devoted to
practice work in nearly twenty different
libraries outside of Albany. Libraries at
Potsdam, Seneca Falls, Russell, Canandai-
gua, and Houghton Seminary were reor-
ganized by members of the senior class.
This reorganization work was under the
direct supervision of the Educational Ex-
tension Division.
A considerable number of students from
both classes expect to attend the A. L. A.
conference in Washington. Although reg-
ular class work will not be suspended dur-
ing that time, arrangements will be made
so that attendance at the conference will
result in the least possible loss of school
work.
Miss Elizabeth Lowry, '14, who left school
early in the yeai on account of ill health,
has again discontinued school work, and
has returned to her home in Oakland, Cal.
F. K. WALTER.
PRATT INSTITUTE SCHOOL OF LIBRARY
SCIENCE
The spring library visiting trip this year
covered a circuit of New Jersey and Penn-
sylvania libraries. Starting Saturday, March
28, we visited Princeton University Library,
the Public Library at Trenton and the State
Library, where Miss Askew told the class
about the work of the New Jersey Commis-
sion. In Philadelphia visits were made to the
376
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
{May, 1914
main library, the Library for the Blind, the
Municipal Reference Library and the Spring
Garden Branch of the Philadelphia Free Li-
brary, the Philadelphia Library Company and
the libraries of the University of Pennsyl-
vania, Drexel Institute and Girard College.
At the latter place we were taken about by
the vice-president, who was formerly of Pratt
Institute. We also visited Leary's Book
Store, where each of the class executed a
book-buying commission for the library. On
Wednesday we went up to Harrisburg where
we inspected the beautiful new building of
the Public Library and spent the rest of the
afternoon and the evening in the State Li-
brary and the commission office. Two rather
unusual features here were a demonstration
of the work of the photostat and a display of
the State Library's lantern slides of flowers
and birds. The work of the commission as
explained by Mr. Bliss and Miss MacDonald
seemed very real when we were surrounded
by traveling library cases and other evidences
of commission work. From Harrisburg we
went up to Wilkes-Barre where the Osterhout
Library, the Wyoming Historical Library and
the lace mills afforded a varied entertain-
ment. On Friday a beautiful trolley trip was
made from Wilkes-Barre to Hazleton where
Miss Willigerod of the class of 1911, is libra-
rian. The morning there was succeeded by
an afternoon at the Scranton Public Library.
The week ended by a return trip over the
Pocono Mountains and through the Delaware
Water Gap.
The trip yielded not only unusually good
professional experience, but no class was ever
received with more open-handed hospitality.
We were entertained at luncheon by the staff
of Princeton University Library, by the Pub-
lic Library of Harrisburg and by the Library
at Hazleton. Supper and a musical evening
were provided by the commission at Harris-
burg. The Osterhout Library at Wilkes-
Barre gave us a bounteous evening party,
with a concert following the repast ; the
Public Library at Scranton served us a most
acceptable supper, and we were given after-
noon tea at the State Library in Trenton, at
Drexel Institute and at the home of Vice-
president and Mrs. Jameson of Girard Col-
lege.
So much impressed was the class by the
hospitality received on the trip that on learn-
ing that the Drexel Institute Library School
was to visit us on Tuesday, April 7, they
asked to be allowed to give them a luncheon,
which was served in the new Women's Club
House.
The last visiting lecturer of the winter
term was Miss Mary E. Hall, librarian of the
Girls' High School, who spoke on the oppor-
tunity of the high school librarian.
A lantern slide lecture on the Cleveland
Public Library was given by Mr. Brett on
Monday afternoon, April 6.
Mr. W. R. Eastman, formerly chief of the
Extension Department at Albany, gave his
accustomed course of six lectures on "Library
buildings" during the week of April 13 to 18.
The result of the examination given by the
Board of Education for high school librarians
has recently been printed. It is gratifying to
note that the first two names on the list are
graduates of this school.
ALUMNI NOTES
Miss Mary V. Bolton, class of 1903, who
has been for some years librarian and index
clerk to the Board of Education of New York
City, has accepted the position of county
agent for the State Charities Aid Association,
with headquarters at Utica.
Miss Adeline M. Cartwright, class of 1913,
Cleveland Training Class, 1914, has accepted
the position of children's librarian in one of
the larger branches of the Toronto Public
Library.
Miss Margaret Hickman, class of 1913, who
assumed the librarianship of the public library
in her home at Red Wing, Minnesota, on
graduation, has been appointed librarian of
the public library at Eveleth, Minnesota.
Miss Louise Richardson, class of 1913, has
been made children's librarian of the public
library at Hibbing, Minnesota.
JOSEPHINE ADAMS RATHBONE,
Vice-Director.
SIMMONS COLLEGE LIBRARY SCHOOL
The visiting lecturers for April have been
Dr. Frank P. Hill, who spoke on "The or-
ganization of a large library system, as ex-
emplified by the Brooklyn Public Library,"
and Mrs. Cronan, whose subject was "Story-
telling."
April 23 a visit was made to the Perkins
Institution for the Blind, and on April 25 a
whole day was spent in the libraries of Prov-
idence, R. I., including the Public Library,
the State Library, the Providence Athenaeum,
The John Hay Memorial Library, and the
John Carter Brown and Annmary Brown
Libraries.
The spring vacation lasted from March
May, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
377
27 to April 8. The school regretted that the
vacation prevented them from receiving the
New York State Library School during their
Boston visit, but one of the student commit-
tees spent a short time at the college on
April 2.
ALUMNI NOTES
Minnie E. Burke, 1911, has accepted a
position in the Library of the Department of
Agriculture.
Rachel Flint, special student, 1906-07, was
recently married to Dr. Arthur F. Wheat of
Manchester, N. H.
Linn Jones, special student, 1911-12, has re-
signed her position in the Sioux City Public
Library to become children's librarian at the
Oak Park, 111., Public Library.
Marian Jones, 1908, recently resigned from
the New York Public Library staff to live
with her family in Denver, Colo.
Isabel S. Monro, 1907, has joined the cata-
loging staff of the New York Public Library.
Adrienne F. Muzzy, 1007-08. has been made
branch librarian of the Yorkville branch of
the New York Public Library.
JUNE RICHARDSON DONNELLY.
LIBRARY SCHO.OL OF THE NEW YORK
PUBLIC LIBRARY
Since the last report junior lectures have
been as follows: "Italian literature from
d'Azeglio to d'Annunzio," by Theophile E.
Comba ; "The circulation department," by Jes-
sie Welles (Carnegie Library, Pittsburgh) ;
"Branch library buildings," by Benjamin Ad-
ams (New York Public Library) ; "The best
seller," by Mary Ogden White of the edi-
torial staff of Newark News.
Seniors' lectures in the advanced reference
and cataloging course, and the school and
college library course were on "College cata-
loging" (two lectures), by Harriet B. Pres-
cott (Columbia University Library) ; and
"The work of the archivist," by Victor H.
Paltsits (New York Public Library).
Lectures in the senior administration course
were on "City library extension," by Jessie
Welles (Carnegie Library, Pittsburgh), and
"State library extension," by Sarah B. As-
kew (New Jersey Library Commission).
Recent and very welcome visitors to the
school were : Miss Alice Tyler, and Mr. W.
H. Brett of Cleveland, and Miss Ida M. Men-
denhall, on her return from her lecture
course at Riverside, Cal.
The juniors and several of the library staff
attended the tea given after Miss Welles'
lecture on March 18, at which Mr. T. E.
Cornba, an earlier lecturer, read scenes from
a translation of "A game of chess," by Giu-
seppe Giacosa.
On April 7 the Drexel Institute School, ac-
companied by Miss Bacon, were welcome
guest? in the schoolroom, meeting the New
York students afterward, with some of the
faculty, at the Port Arthur restaurant in
Chinatown, where the party of forty-five had
a Chinese dinner.
The school recently received a valuable
and interesting gift of a Babylonian tablet
with cuneiform writing from Mr. Andrew
Keogh of the Yale University Library.
The practice of the spring term has been
assigned in eighteen branches, six rooms of
the reference department, the circulation of-
fices and travelling library division, and in
three local high school libraries.
Instead of taking the usual vacation the
last week of March, the juniors voted to con-
tinue their work and to attend later the A. L.
A. conference in Washington. They were
however, excused from practice during what
would have been vacation week, and as the
third term practice occupies all day on Mon-
days and Tuesdays, they secured thus four
successive days of rest and recreation.
The school headquarters at Washington
will probably be the Hotel Gordon, and ai
least two instructors will remain with the
student party. It is hoped that graduates
as well as seniors may be of the party, which
expects to occupy an entire car of the Balti-
more & Ohio, on the outward journey. Miss
M. A. Newberry, president of the alumni as-
sociation, and Mr. F. B. Spaulding of the
senior class, are arranging for a school re-
union in the form of a luncheon. Twenty-
seven juniors have joined the American Li-
brary Association.
Appointments have recently been made as
follows :
Miss Maud Durlin (junior, 1913), promotion
to first assistant in cataloging department,.
Cleveland Public Library.
Miss Gertrude Olmsted (senior, 1913), as-
sistant, Muhlenberg branch.
Miss A. Marie Hardy (senior, 1914), libra-
rian, East Orange High School Library.
Miss M. R. Abbott (senior, 1914), teacher's
assistant, Library School, New York Pub-
lic Library.
MARY W. PLUMMER, Principal.
CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF ATLANTA— LIBRARY
SCHOOL
The second term of the school began on
Jan. 5, 1914, and closed for the Easter vaca-
tion of three days, April 9.
378
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
{May, 1914
Mrs. Edna Lyman Scott gave her course
of instruction in children's work during the
week of March 16 to 21 and also gave a re-
cital of selected stories on March 19, accord-
ing to the plan for her work this year.
On April i, Mrs. Max Franklyn Rowland
of Boston, formerly Anne Wallace, the
founder of the Library School, gave a lecture
to the class on "The ideals which consti-
tute the foundation of sound library work."
After this address, which occupied an hour,
Mrs. Rowland talked informally to the class
for an hour, giving them a valuable insight
into the difficulties of pioneer library work.
Both talks were inspirational in their effect
on her listeners.
On April 3 at 6 o'clock in the afternoon, the
faculty of the Library School entertained at
a reception in honor of Mrs. Rowland. This
occasion served to bring together a notable
group of Atlanta people, both men and
women. The invitations were confined to
library trustees, past and present, and their
wives, and to the men and women aside from
trustees who had rendered service to the li-
brary cause in the city and state. This in-
cluded as many as possible of the trustees of
the Young Men's Library Association Library
on which foundation the Carnegie Library
of Atlanta was established. Mr. Darwin Jones,
who was a trustee of the Young Men's Li-
brary Association Library at the time of its
organization in 1866, was present to pay his
respects to Mrs. Rowland. The company in-
cluded men distinguished in the professions
and in business who had served the library
at various times during the past forty-five
years. It was a source of pleasure to the
guests, who numbered over a hundred, to
have Mrs. Rowland again in Atlanta, and
each took occasion to express some appre-
ciation of her efforts for the library that
had ended in so great a success. Master
Wallace Rowland attracted much interest at
this entertainment in honor of his mother.
DELIA FOREACRE SNEED, Principal.
CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH— TRAIN-
ING SCHOOL FOR CHILDREN'S LIBRARIANS
Mr. Charles E. Rush, librarian of the Pub-
lic Library, St. Louis, Missouri, gave two
lectures before the school on April 8. His
subjects were "Prominent illustrators of chil-
dren's books" and "Effective library advertis-
ing."
The school closed upon April 8 for the
annual spring recess, to reopen for the spring
term on April 20.
ALUMNAE NOTES
Mrs. L. L. Beeken, who was Kate Keith,
class of 1912, died in Pittsburgh on March
26, after an illness of nearly six months.
WESTERN RESERVE LIBRARY SCHOOL
NEWS NOTES
The outside lecturers for the month in the
Library and community welfare course have
been : Dr. E. A. Peterson, director of physi-
cal education in the Cleveland Public Schools,
"Recreation as community necessity"; Prof.
James E. Cutler, professor of sociology at
Adelbert College, "Social service and allied
professions" ; Miss Anna L. Morse, libra-
rian of the Reuben McMillan Free Library of
Youngstown, "The library's relation to social
service training." Other lecturers were Mrs.
Julia S. Harron, editor for the Cleveland
Public Library, on "Translations of foreign
literature," and Miss Virginia Graeff of the
Cleveland Art School, on "The educational
value of pictures in libraries and schools."
The course in Bookbinding is now being
given by Miss Stiles, supervisor of binding
in the Cleveland Public Library. It includes
the study of the mechanical make-up of
books, practical work in mending and bind-
ing, and visits to library and commercial
binderies.
Miss Harriet E. Howe, head instructor, has
been appointed director of the Iowa Summer
Library School at the State University of
Iowa for the session of 1914.
Wednesday noon, March 18, the faculty
were the guests of the class at a most en-
joyable class "spread."
The school was closed for the Easter vaca-
tion, April 8-15.
ALUMNI NOTES
Ruth M. Tiffany, '12, resigned her position
of assistant in the Western Reserve Histori-
cal Society Library and was married March
II to Mr. William Bainum.
ALICE S. TYLER, Director.
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY SCHOOL
The month of field work required of
seniors began February 9 and ended March
7. The public libraries of the following Illi-
nois cities cooperated with the school this
year by accepting students for practice work
under the working conditions usually accorded
their own assistants : Decatur, Evanston, Oak
Park, Rockford, Jacksonville and Galesburg.
The annual inspection visit to libraries,
bookstores, binderies, and printing shops re-
May, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
379
quired of both juniors and seniors, this year
included the cities of St. Louis, Jacksonville
and Springfield. This trip usually follows
immediately the seniors' field work, but was
postponed two weeks this year on account of
the prevalence of scarlet fever in Urbana. A
special car took the students to St. Louis over
the Illinois Central Railroad Monday, March
23, and the return was made the following
Saturday. The party included thirty-eight
students, in charge of Miss Simpson, assistant
director, and Miss Jutton, loan librarian of
the University of Illinois Library. As is al-
ways the case, the librarians of the cities vis-
ited did everything any one could possibly
expect of busy folks to enable the students
to see and examine their libraries at work.
The school is greatly indebted to them.
Lectures by visiting librarians have been
given as follows: December 17 and 18, Mr.
George B. Utley, secretary of the American
Library Association, two lectures : "A library
diagnosis," and "The work of the American
Library Association." January 22 and 23, Mr.
Henry E. Legler, librarian of the Chicago
Public Library, three lectures : "Recent devel-
opments in legislative and municipal refer-
ence work," "Books our grandmothers read
when children," and "The Chicago Public
Library and the playgrounds."
Mrs. Edna Lyman Scott began her regular
five weeks' instruction in library work with
children April 6, meeting the seniors daily,
and the juniors twice a week.
Mr. John B. Kaiser, just before leaving
Urbana to assume the duties of his new po-
sition as librarian of the Tacoma Public
Library, gave to the seniors the regular ten
lectures on legislative and municipal refer-
ence work. These lectures, greatly amplified,
will soon be published in book form by the
Boston Book Company.
Dr. A. H. Lybyer, professor of history in
the university, gave an illustrated lecture on
"Constantinople" to the University of Illi-
nois Library Club, at its January meeting.
At the February meeting Dr. T. H. Guild of
the English department, read one of his own
plays. At the March meeting Miss Florence
R. Curtis of the Library School faculty, read
French-Canadian stories and verse.
ALUMNI NOTES
Anna May Price, B.L.S., 1900, is organizer
of the Illinois Library Extension Commis-
sion, Springfield, Illinois.
Bess E. Wilson, B.L.S., 1907, has resigned
her position as librarian of the Southern Il-
linois Normal School at Carbondale, and is an
assistant in the John Crerar Library, Chicago.
Rachel Agg, of the junior class, has with-
drawn from the school in order to accept the
position of librarian of the Public Library at
Plymouth, Indiana.
Edna A. Hester, 1903-04, has returned to
the school for special work.
Fanny W. Hill, 1912-13, has returned to
finish the junior year's work after a year's
experience in the public libraries of Cham-
paign, Illinois, and Union City, Indiana.
Edna L. Goss, B.L.S., 1902, is head cata-
loger of the University of Minnesota Library,
Minneapolis.
Helen Calhoun, B.L.S., 1905, was married
to Mr. Gentry Cash, Feb. 14, 1914. Mr. and
Mrs. Cash are living in Whiting, Indiana.
Catherine Alexander, 1912-13, is in a sana-
torium at Howell, Michigan.
Sabra L. Nason, 1905-06, 1906-07, is libra-
rian of the Umatilla County Library, at Pen-
dleton, Oregon.
Mary E. Goff, B.L.S., 1911, is reference li-
brarian of the University of Texas, Austin.
P. L. WINDSOR, Director.
ILLINOIS SUMMER LIBRARY SCHOOL
The fourth summer session of the Univer-
sity of Illinois Library School will begin
June 22, 1914, and continue for six weeks.
Mr. Ernest J. Reece, Ph.B., and Miss Ethel
Bond, A.B., B.L.S., members of the library
school faculty, will be the principal instruc-
tors. Illinois librarians, assistants, or teacher-
librarians are not charged a tuition fee ; stu-
dents from other states pay the usual fee of
$12. No entrance examinations are required.
For further information write to the
Library School, Urbana, Illinois.
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY SUMMER SCHOOL
The following courses in library economy
will be given at Columbia University, in the
City of New York, at its summer session,
from July 6 to August 14, 1914:
Bibliography — Miss Helen Rex Keller, in-
structor in charge, librarian, School of
Journalism, Columbia University.
Administration of College and School Libra-
ries— Mr. Andrew Keogh, reference libra-
rian, Yale University; Mr. Frederick C.
Hicks, assistant librarian, Columbia Univer-
sity; Miss Irene Warren, librarian, School
of Education, Chicago University.
Cataloging, Classification — Miss Laura R.
Gibbs, classifier and reviser, Columbia Uni-
versity Library.
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[May, 1914
Public documents and legislative and muni-
cipal reference work — Miss Ono Mary Im-
hoff, librarian of the International Health
Commission. Washington, D. C.
For complete statement of courses and all
particulars, write for announcement of the
summer session to the secretary of the Uni-
versity, New York, N. Y.
UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI SUMMER SCHOOL
The University of Missouri with the co-
operation of the Missouri Library Commis-
sion and the St. Louis Public Library offers
courses in library methods at its Summer Li-
brary School during the six weeks from June
15 to July 25. This is an opportunity to add
six weeks of systematic instruction to library
experience, but is in no sense a substitute for
the one or two years' training of the library
schools.
Admission to the entire course offered is
restricted to librarians, library assistants and
students who have appointments to library
positions or teaching positions with charge
of the school library. University credit will
be given under the customary conditions.
Miss Wales, secretary of the Missouri Li-
brary Commission, and Miss Maud van Buren,
formerly instructor in the Wisconsin Library
School, will assist in giving the courses.
Through the courtesy of Dr. Arthur E. Bost-
wick, president of the Missouri Library Com-
mission and librarian of the St. Louis Public
Library, Miss E. L. Power, supervisor of
children's work, and Miss Margery Quigley,
branch librarian in the St. Louis Public Li-
brary, are also to be instructors in the Sum-
mer Library School. These with Mr. H. O.
Severance and Mr. H. M. Burrowes of the
university will constitute the faculty.
The courses will take up cataloging and
classification, library economy, book selection
and reference work.
There is a registration fee of $10.00 for all
students in the summer session of the Uni-
versity of Missouri. This covers all fees for
students selecting all the courses in library
methods or for any one of them in combi-
nation with courses in other departments of
the summer session, aggregating not more
than six hours' credit. There are no special
examinations for admission to the Summer
Library School.
For further information, write to J. D.
Elliff, director of the summer session, Col-
umbia, Missouri.
MINNESOTA LIBRARY COMMISSION SUMMER
SCHOOL
The Minnesota Public Library Commission
will hold its fifteenth Summer School for li-
brary training at the State University, Minne-
apolis, June i5-July 24, 1914. The instructors
will be Miss Clara F. Baldwin, director, sec-
retary of the commission ; Miss Miriam E,
Carey, supervisor of institution libraries, Min-
nesota Board of Control; Miss Helen J.
Stearns, librarian, Minnesota Public Library
Commission ; Miss Martha Wilson, supervisor
of school libraries, Minnesota Department of
Education; Miss Ruth A. Haven, organizer,
Minnesota Public Library Commission.
This brief course is intended primarily to
meet the needs of the small public libraries
which cannot afford trained librarians. It
does not offer a complete course in library
science nor claim in any way to be a substi-
tute for regular library school training. The
work will be adapted as far as possible to the
needs of the libraries represented, based upon
study of actual conditions and resources in
the library and the town.
All of the instruction is given in the form
of lectures, supplemented by practice work,
which is carefully revised. Students will
take away from the school corrected sam-
ples of all library records. The work is
planned to require the time of the student
from seven to eight hours a day; two or
three hours for the lectures, and the remain-
der for the practical work.
The course is open only to those holding
library positions, or under definite appoint-
ment to such positions, and to teachers or
students in charge of school libraries. The
course is free to all holding positions in Min-
nesota libraries ; for those outside the state,
a registration fee of $10.00 is required.
Application for admission should be made
before June I to Miss Clara F. Baldwin, di-
rector, Minnesota Public Library Commission,
St. Paul, Minn.
OUferartans
The following appointments and changes in
the staff of the circulation department of the
New York Public Library have been made
during the month :
Miss Vera Russell of the Melrose Branch,
Miss I. Stevenson and Miss M. M. Cooper
of the I25th Street Branch, Miss D. Kin-
ney of the Yorkville Branch, Miss A. H.
Farren, children's librarian at the Wood-
May, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
stock Branch, Miss F. Florence of the
West 4Oth Street Branch, and Miss
Jane Dunphy of the Aguilar Branch, trans-
ferred to the new Fort Washington
Branch.
Miss M. C. Miller transferred from the
Jackson Square Branch to the I35th Street
Branch.
Miss M. M. Brough transferred from the
Muhlenberg Branch to the Chatham Square
Branch.
Miss C. A. Nearpass transferred from the
cataloging department to the poth Street
Branch.
Miss D. Flower transferred as children's li-
brarian from the Webster Branch to the
Woodstock Branch.
Miss M. F. Croes transferred from the Jack-
son Square Branch to the Stapleton
Branch.
Miss E. J. Hession transferred from the St.
Gabriel's Park Branch to the Hamilton
Fish Park Branch.
Miss M. LeFevre transferred from the office
of the supervisor of work with children
to the West 4Oth Street Branch.
Miss Louise Griffith transferred from the
West 40th Street Branch to the Central
Circulation Branch.
Miss Cora D. Robertson transferred from the
Aguilar Branch to the Morrisania Branch.
Miss Gertrude Pugh, formerly of the Liver-
pool (England) Free Lending Library, ap-
pointed at Tompkins Square Branch.
Miss D. Thomas transferred as children's li-
brarian from the I2$th Street Branch to
the Webster Branch.
At the last meeting of the board of trus-
tees of the Paterson (N. J.) Public Library
the resignations of Miss May Bird and Miss
Rosalind R. Kuenemann, of the library staff,
were received. Miss Mollie Chadwick, for-
merly at the Totowa branch, but absent for
the last year, will take the place of Miss
Kuenemann ; Miss Margaret Priestly of the
Riverside branch, will take Miss Bird's place.
Miss Pollitt, evening reference librarian at
the main library, will go to Riverside.
BAILY, Lillian B., of Thompsonville, Ct., is
to be librarian of the new Thompsonville
Public Library.
BERRY, Ethel I., New York State Library
School, 'n-'i2, has resigned her position as
assistant in the Wells College Library, Aurora,
N. Y., to become assistant in the catalog de-
partment of the Minneapolis Public Library.
BLISS, Leslie E., B.L.S., New York State
Library School, '13, and Alice M. Burnett of
Newark, N. J., were married on February 26.
Mr. Bliss is assistant in the legislative refer-
ence section of the New York State Library.
BONNETT, Marguerite W., New York State
Library School, 'O2-'O3, for several years as-
sistant in the reference department of the
Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, died suddenly
in California on February 28.
CAMPBELL, Robert A., has been appointed
librarian of the Municipal Reference Branch
of the New York Public Library beginning
April i. This branch was formerly the Mu-
nicipal Reference Library in the Finance De-
partment of the city. By action of the Board
of Estimate and Apportionment it has been
placed under the management of the New
York Public Library and allotted quarters
in the new Municipal Building. Mr. Camp-
bell graduated at the University of Wisconsin,
with degree of A.B., in 1906; was special
agent of the Wisconsin State Tax Commission
in the summer of 1906; assistant in the Uni-
versity of Wisconsin, 1906-08; on the staff
of the National Tax Commission, summer of
1907 ; a Fellow of Cornell University, 1908-09 ;
Fellow of the University of Wisconsin,
1909-10; legislative reference librarian, state
of California, 1910-11; secretary, Wisconsin
State Board of Public Affairs, 1911-14. Be-
fore he went to California Mr. Campbell also
had considerable experience under Mr. Mc-
Carthy in the legislative reference department
of the Wisconsin Free Library Commission.
CLEGHORN, Vera, for the past two years
librarian of the San Luis Obispo Carnegie
Library, resigned April i, to take a position
with the California State Library in Sacra-
mento.
Foss, Sam Walter. A memorial to Sam
Walter Foss, poet and for ten years and
more the librarian at Somerville, Mass., will
be erected on the farm on which he was
born at Candia, N. H., by the Candia Club.
It will take the form of a granite marker,
bearing a bronze tablet on which will be the
date of the poet's birth and an inscription
from his works. Dana Brown, a cousin of
the poet, has given a diamond-shaped plot
of land to the club as a place for the me-
morial. It is hoped the memorial will be
completed by the time the Candia Club holds
its summer meeting in that town. A build-
ing on the land must be moved. It is planned
to place a sign at the Candia railroad sta-
382
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[May, 1914
tion indicating the road which leads to the
monument. At the next meeting of the exec-
utive committee of the club President George
A. Hoseley will make a report on the definite
plans for the memorial.
FOULDS, Maud M., of Ocean City, N. J., has
been appointed librarian of the new Ocean
City Public Library.
GILMORE, Evelyn L., for eight years libra-
rian of the Lewiston Public Library, has been
elected librarian of the Maine Historical So-
ciety, which has headquarters in Portland,
one of the most important library positions
in Maine.
HICKMAN, Margaret, of Red Wing, Minn.,
has been engaged to take charge of the new
library recently completed at Eveleth in the
same state.
JONES, Clara A., has resigned her position
as librarian of the Warwick (Mass.) Free
Library after thirty-three years of service.
She continues as trustee and as secretary and
treasurer of the board. During her librarian-
ship the library has grown from 1700 to 5800
volumes. Warwick is one of the banner towns
of the state in regard to circulation, which
last year was 9.5 per head of the population.
Circulation 4531, population (1910), 477. The
people of Warwick showed their appreciation
of her many years of faithful service by the
gift of $75 in gold from sixty contributors.
LOGASA, Hannah, head of the department of
statistics and accounts in the Omaha Public
Library, is planning to attend the Oxford
meeting in August. She will sail for Europe
soon after the A. L. A. conference in Wash-
ington, and will spend the summer in travel
on the continent, returning to this country in
October.
MCLAUGHLIN, Mae, of the book department
of the Queens Borough Public Library at
Jamaica, L, L, has resigned to be married.
Miss May Mclnerney of Elmhurst, has been
appointed a grade B assistant in her place.
MORE, Annie, librarian in the Camden (N.
J.) Public Library since 1897, died at her
home in Camden March 26.
NEAL, Mollie, has been appointed librarian
for the Venango County (Pa.) Bar Associa-
tion. The 1700 volumes in the law library
have been classified and rearranged in their
cases. Miss Neal will have permanent quar-
ters in the library and will do stenographic
work for attorneys.
NELSON, Charles Alexander, celebrated his
seventy-fifth birthday on April 14 at a
birthday reception, which was attended by
many library and other friends, who took
opportunity to congratulate him on his
long and varied work in the library field.
SAGE, Lucile, has been appointed assistant
librarian in the library at Selma, Cal.
SEARS, Miss Minnie E., who was appointed
first assistant in the cataloging division of the
reference department of the New York Pub-
lic Library beginning February 16, is a gradu-
ate of Purdue University, B.S., and M.S.;
of the Illinois Library School, B.L.S. ; was
assistant cataloger, University of Illinois,
1901-03; head cataloger, Bryn Mawr College,
1903-07; traveled and was engaged in biblio-
graphical work abroad, 1907-08; head cata-
loger, University of Minnesota, 1909-14. She
was joint author, with Miss Isadore G.
Mudge, of "A Thackeray dictionary," London,
1910.
SETTLE, George T., librarian of the Louis-
ville (Ky.) Free Public Library, was elected
president of the Department of Libraries at
the Conference for Education for the South
held in the Louisville Public Library April
8. He will succeed Charles D. Johnston, li-
brarian of Cossitt Library, Memphis, Tenn.
STEWART, Elizabeth, children's librarian in
the Omaha Public Library, sails from Boston
for Naples about the first of June, for a
year's leave of absence. She will spend the
summer in travel and in winter will study in
Germany.
VAIL, Mrs. Edith E., of Norwalk, Ct., has
been engaged as librarian of the Westport
(Ct.) Public Library to succeed Miss Kath-
erine M. Hutt. Mrs. Vail has had experi-
ence in the libraries of Connecticut and Mas-
sachusetts.
WALKLEY, Raymond L., B.L.S., New York
State Library School, '13, who has been tem-
porarily engaged in bibliographic work for the
United States Bureau of Education, has ac-
cepted an appointment as assistant to the libra-
rian of the Minneapolis Public Library.
WITT, Mrs. Edgar, who has been chief
librarian at Baylor University, Waco, Texas,
since 1909, has resigned her position to take
effect June i. The vacancy has not been
filled. Miss Annie Melear will continue as
first assistant.
WOODS, Arabella, of Des Moines, has been
appointed librarian of the public library at
Chariton, la. She will succeed Miss Kather-
ine Terrill, who has accepted a library posi-
tion jn Burlington.
THE LIBRARY WORLD
New England
MAINE
Bar Harbor. Jesup Mem. L. Inez M. Su-
minsbey, Ibn. (Rpt. — yr. ending Sept. 10,
1913.) Accessions 376; total number of ^ol-
umcs in library 10,000. Circulation 20,996.
Expenses for salaries $975 ; for books and
periodicals $417.47.
An attractive brochure with two double-
page illustrations and several full-page pic-
tures showing exterior and interior views of
the library, and containing a short sketch of
the growth of the library and description
of its building was issued with the annual
report.
Brewer. At the March town meeting the
question of accepting the proposed gift of the
Free Public Library, offered to the city by
the Library Association, was voted on. Con-
ditions of the gift were that the city should
assume the entire support of the library (in-
stead of a part of it as at present) ; that the
library should be kept up to its present stand-
ard; that the library should be managed by
a permanent board or commission, composed
the first year of persons satisfactory to the
association, one (or two) of whom should
retire each year, a successor being appointed
by the city. By a vote of 302 to 292, the gift
was refused. Several reasons were given for
the result. First, the population at one end
of the town is largely foreign and at present
lacking in library interest ; second, a large
number of people living away from the cen-
ter of the town felt they would derive little
benefit from the institution ; third, the tax
rate is already reported abnormally high and
a burden to the farmers of the town; and at
the last minute news was received that a
bequest of $5000 made to the library by a
former citizen had been annulled by the
breaking of the testator's will, a fact which
discouraged many from voting for the accep-
tance of the gift. By its last report the li-
brary was shown to possess about 3500 books,
314 books having been added during the year.
There were 712 cardholders who had used
T3.723 books and 7336 magazines. Expenses
were about $1200. Last year the city appro-
priated $500 for the library, to which the state
added $50. The rest of the money was raised
by the Library Association. No help has ever
been received from Mr. Carnegie, and only
about $100 in all from outside the town.
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Keene P. L. Mary Lucina Saxton, Ibn.
(38th annual rpt. — yr. ending Dec. i, 1913.)
Accessions 701; total number of volumes
in library 19,753. Circulation 40,254. New
registration 582.
Manchester. With the near approach of
the time for the removal of the 70,000 and
more books stored away in the Public Library
Building on Franklin street to the new Car-
penter Memorial Library, the question arises
as to the uses to which the old library build-
ing will be put. The Manchester Federation
of Women's Clubs some months ago petitioned
that the old library edifice, when vacated, be
turned over to the uses of the federation un-
der proper restrictions, and intimated that
the federation was in a position to expend
whatever sum of money might be necessary
to equip and furnish the building for social,
philanthropic and educational work. Since
that petition was filed the question has arisen
in City Hall circles as to the occupancy of
at least a part of the old library building by
the overseer of the poor, the school depart-
ment, and also the assessors, still leaving
room for federation purposes.
MASSACHUSETTS
Amherst. The Amherst College faculty has
appointed President Alexander Meiklejohn,
Librarian Robert S. Fletcher, Prof. J. F.
Genung, Prof. H. de Forest Smith and
Treasurer Harry W. Kidder to consider plans
for a new library building.
Attlcboro. The sum of $500 has been left
to the Public Library by the will of the late
Mary Lee Buffum of Providence.
Barre. The bequest of $2000 and books,
left to the public library by Katherine Allen
of Worcester, has been accepted.
Boston. A few librarians of Boston and
vicinity have been meeting for luncheon on
the last Thursday of each month, for infor-
mal discussion of professional matters.
Boston. Residents of the Franklin Park
section are protesting Mayor Curley's action
in causing the closing of the Park Branch
Library and reading room. They declare
it is the first Boston reading room to be
closed since the building of the Public Li-
brary, and that thousands of patrons arc put
to serious inconvenience.
384
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[May, 1914
Boston. According to the last catalog of
the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy, the
Sheppard Library of that institution now
contains about 7500 volumes. The library is
especially strong in literature of pharmaco-
poeias and dispensatories and in its sets of
American and foreign pharmaceutical jour-
nals.
Boston. The Insurance Library Association,
recently made an annex of the National
Board of Fire Underwriters, is now estab-
lished in new quarters on the fourth floor
of the Oliver Building. The book stack room
has been thoroughly fireproofed by rebuild-
ing partitions, doors and windows to conform
to National Board standards, and is
equipped with steel stacks. All other shelves,
cases and cabinets for files are of steel, the
only wooden furniture being the desks, tables
and chairs of the reading room. The libra-
rian has a private office, and two assistants
are now employed for the detail work.
Cambridge. The late John L. Cadwalader
of New York City, bequeathed $20,000 to Har-
vard University for the purchase of books
for the law school.
Darners. Peabody Inst. L. Emilie D.
Patch, Ibn. (46th annual rpt. — yr. ending
Mar. 31, 1913.) Accessions 617. Total num-
ber of volumes in library 27,743. Circulation
49,973-
Gloucester. Four oil paintings in the Saw-
yer Free Library were cut from the frames
recently, and some Indian relics and similar
articles were taken. These were given to the
city from the collection of the late Samuel
E. Sawyer, donor of the library. The paint-
ings stolen were on the second floor, access to
which has always been free and unsupervised.
Hereafter all visitors to the second floor of
the building will be required to register.
Hudson P. L. Grace M. Whittemore, Ibn.
(46th rpt. — 1913.) Accessions 434; total
number of volumes in library 10,630. Circu-
lation 42,028. Total registration 1724. Re-
ceipts $2096.29. About one-fourth of the
population of the town are library patrons.
Maiden P. L. Herbert William Fison, Ibn.
(36th rpt. — 1913.) Accessions 3999; total
number of volumes in library 63,886. Circu-
lation 197,899. New registration 3062. Re-
ceipts $33,616.30.
The past year has been the busiest in the
history of the library. The increase of cir-
culation over last year is 14,900; the insur-
ance has been doubled; a painting by Maes,
and a smaller one by Symonds have been
purchased ; a branch has been established
at Maplewood ; a recataloging has been be-
gun ; rebinding and repairing of all fiction and
juveniles has been finished; a case for ex-
hibiting photographs has been added to the
art gallery; 2000 photographs have been pur-
chased.
Marlboro. Edward L. Bigelow, for forty-
four years chairman of the Public Library
Committee, has resigned.
Melrose. The Melrose Public Library has
established the first branch of the library,
located in the southeast section of the city
in the Middlesex Associates block on Forest
street. The library trustees are also planning
to open a branch in Melrose Highlands pro-
vided the city government makes an appro-
priation for the work. The associates defray
the cost of the library branch, open the library
one afternoon and evening each week and
provide attendants there besides carrying the
books to and from the library. Reports of
the library trustees show 904 books added
during the year to the central library and a
circulation of 63,261 for 1913.
Needham. After $700 has been paid to rela-
tives and friends, Mrs. Myra S. Greenwood,
formerly of Needham, under the terms of
her will, directs that the residue be given
to the town of Needham for the purpose of
erecting a public library, the work to be done
within three years after her death. She
further directs that if the town now has a
library the money be used as a trust fund
to be known as the Greenwood Memorial
Fund.
Orange. Resolutions of appreciation of the
gift to the town of the library on East Main
street, have been presented to Mrs. Almira
Wheeler Thompson by a special committee.
The library was erected by Mrs. Thompson
in memory of her late husband.
Rockland P. L. Angela W. Collins, Ibn.
(35th rpt. — 1913.) Accessions 351 ; total
number of volumes in library 13,462. Circu-
lation 36,042.
Wuvcrlcy. McLean Hospital L. Edith
Kathleen Jones, Ibn. (Rpt. — 1913.) Acces-
sions: medical library (for staff only) 192
volumes; general library (for patients and
employes) 273 volumes. Total number of
volumes in medical library 5494 J in general li-
brary 7632. Circulation from general library
May, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
385
was 8487. There is an annual appropriation
of $300 for the general library, increased by
from $50 to $200, from the "Levering be-
quest."
"This library is said to be the best institu-
tion library in the world, and certainly there
is no other which has so fine a collection of
books in the general library, for the use of
patients, or where this branch of hospital
therapeutics has been so carefully worked
out. Within the last four or five years the
desirability of well-selected, systematically
managed libraries in hospitals for mental dis-
eases has been much discussed, and library
commissions and hospitals alike are doing
what they can to establish and maintain such
libraries. The annotated list published by the
A. L. A. Pub. Board, entitled 'A thousand
books for the hospital library,' is based upon
the shelf-list of McLean Hospital General
Library."
Westborough Town L. Flora B. Brig-
ham, Ibn. (Rpt— 1913.) Accessions 394;
total number of volumes in library 17,377.
Circulation 42,919. Receipts $2434.27.
Worcester. A library where books on every
topic may be secured in the French language
is being founded by members of the Jeanne
Mance Society, the largest organization com-
posed of French-speaking women in Wor-
cester. Members are especially anxious to
secure French books on literature, history and
biography, as well as approved French fiction
and religious topics.
RHODE ISLAND
Centredale. The library books and all other
property of the Union Library Association of
Centredale have been presented to the town.
Approximately 5000 volumes are contained
in the library building, which is located on
Mineral Spring avenue, near the center of
the village.
Providence. Brown Univ. L. H. L. Koop-
man, Ibn. (2Oth annual rpt. — yr. ending May,
1913.) Accessions 6530. Circulation for
home use 6448. Two special collections of
importance were added during the year: the
Chambers Dante collection, numbering fully
2000 pieces, and a collection of about the same
number of broadside ballads, chiefly Ameri-
can, many relating to the Civil War. With
the latter gift came provision for mounting
and binding. An alumnus has made possible
the more complete cataloging of all works on
history, which represent more than half the
books in the library, and this work has been
begun.
Providence. After a careful survey of the
funds available, the Providence Public Li-
brary has been obliged to curtail its useful-
ness by cutting down appropriations in nearly
every line of activity. At the Central Li-
brary, on Washington street, it has been ne-
cessary to close some of the departments
for a portion of the day. Moreover, till
further notice, the whole building is to be
closed on some of the days on which it has
heretofore been open. It has been necessary
to cut off a liberal slice from the list of
periodicals subscribed for, as well as from
the amount available for rebinding. And in
addition to all this a most unfortunate cut
has been made in the amount available for
new books.
CONNECTICUT
The latest printed report of the Connecticut
Public Library Committee (for the year
1912-13) suggests that the public library being
a public institution every town should be com-
pelled to establish and maintain one as it now
establishes and maintains free public schools.
At present, under the law of 1893 and a later
amendment, every town which establishes a
free public library and provides for its main-
tenance and increase receives a grant of books
not exceeding $200 in value the first year and
not more than $100 in any succeeding year.
There are now in Connecticut 175 libraries,
of which number 152 are free libraries (99
of them free public libraries under the state
law), and 23 are subscription libraries. These
libraries contain 1,548,540 volumes, 84,126
volumes being added during the year. Cir-
culation amounted to 3,305,545. Total expen-
ditures were $178,299.08, of which $111,744.20
was used for salaries, $56,378.00 for books,
and $10,176.88 for periodicals. A series of
tables, covering 53 pages, give complete details
concerning the libraries of the state. In ad-
dition to the regular public libraries there are
in the state 1095 schools having libraries,
which contain 293,921 books. Of these 140
draw the state grant, the total amount so
drawn being $8130.
Ansonia P. L. Ruby E. Steele, Ibn. (i7th
rpt. — yr. ending Sept. 30, 1913.) Accessions
1280; total number of volumes in library
19,257. Circulation 57,360. New registrations
540, total 2923. Receipts $5899.60; expenses
$4904.71, including $1768 for salaries, and
$1080.44 for books and periodicals.
386
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[May, 1014
Hartford. In answer to communications
from the Civic Club and others in regard to
the establishment of a municipal library in the
new municipal building, the Municipal Build-
ing Commission states that there is sufficient
space unallotted in the new building to house
the proposed library, and at the direction of
the city authorities this space could be re-
served for the purposes noted in the com-
munications.
Huntington. Plumb Mem. L. Jessamine
Ward, Ibn. (21 st annual rpt. — yr. end-
ing Aug. 31, 1913.) Accessions 747; total
number of volumes in library 13,201. Circula-
tion 39,501. New registration 361 ; total 744.
Receipts $4117.34; expenses $3500.76.
Meriden. Mrs. Augusta Munson Curtis,
aged 81, donor to Meriden of the $100,000
Curtis Memorial Library and widow of ex-
Mayor George R. Curtis, died April I.
Middletown. The trustees of Wesleyan
University have decided to erect a new li-
brary building, as part of extensive changes
and improvements to be made within the uni-
versity grounds.
Norfolk. The Norfolk Library, founded
and maintained by Miss Isabella Eldridge,
is twenty-five years old. It is thirty-three
years since Miss Eldridge took the first step
toward what later was realized in the present
library, when she opened, in 1881, a reading
room in the house of G. W. Scoville. The
library does not cost Norfolk one cent, all
expenses connected therewith, even to the pur-
chase of books, being borne by Miss Eld-
ridge.
Norwich. The Otis Library has received
from the state the "Vital records of the
town of Norwich," in two volumes, published
by the Society of Colonial Wars.
Winstcd. After the payment of certain
bequests specified in the will of Mrs. Mary P.
Whiting, the residue of the estate goes to the
Memorial Library here. The value of the
estate is not given.
Middle Atlantic
NEW YORK
Albany. The theological library of the late
William Croswell Doane, Episcopal bishop of
Albany, comprising three thousand volumes,
has been presented to the State Library by the
grandchildren, carrying out the bishop's wish.
It is to be known as The Doane Theological
Library. These books were brought together
during a century by George Washington
Doane, bishop of New Jersey, and his son, the
late bishop of Albany.
Aldcn. The new building of the Ewell
Free Library is completed, and the furniture
is now being installed. It is built of War-
saw blue stone, trimmed with Indiana lime-
stone, and is one of the most complete li-
brary buildings :n the state. It is the gift
of Colonel and Mrs. Joseph E. Ewell of
Bath, former residents of Alden, as a memor-
ial to their daughter, Florence Josephine
Ewell.
Amangansett. The movement for the es-
tablishment of a public library in Amagansett
is having warm support. An offer to donate
400 volumes has been made by an interested
party.
Auburn. It is not generally understood by
citizens that the library of Auburn Theologi-
cal Seminary is open for use by the public.
To meet this apparent misunderstanding the
seminary authorities wish to state that their
library is a free, public library, and its use
is not confined to the faculty and students.
The building is open on every week day dur-
ing the seminary year from 8 to 12 in the
morning, from 2 to 5 in the afternoon, and
from 7 to 10 in the evening. An exception
is made of the evening hours on Saturday.
During vacations the hours are from 8 to 12
in the morning, and from 2 to 5 in the after-
noon. Rev. John Quincy Adams, D.D., is
the librarian in charge. It is a general as
well as a theological library. In it are now
35,450 volumes and 13,200 pamphlets, and
about 70 periodicals.
Brooklyn. In a letter to the Brooklyn
Eagle of April 12, David A. Boody, presi-
dent of the Brooklyn Public Library, an-
swers the frequent question wh}r work does
not proceed in the construction of the new
central building. In the first place, to-
quote Mr. Boody, "this building is being
constructed by the City of New York and
not by the Brooklyn Public Library. The
work is in charge of our local borough
officials. The amount which has already
been appropriated for this building is $500,-
ooo. No further work can be done until
an additional sum shall be available
as a portion of the original $500,000 must
be retained to pay for architect fees, etc.,
as work goes on in accordance with the
contract. In order to make a portion of
this building available as soon as possible
May, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
387
for the present needs of the library, it was
suggested by the trustees that the Flatbush
avenue wing be first constructed. By a
further appropriation at the present time
of $500,000 the wing can be completed to
the second story and made to house the
valuable collection of books and records
now in the Montague branch. This collec-
tion is estimated to be worth $750,000, but
in many respects it has a valuation which
money cannot measure. The Montague
building is without adequate accommoda-
tion for these books and records and is
not fireproof. A watchman is on duty night
and day, but such a condition allowed to
remain beyond the limit of necessity does
not coincide with official obligation."
Brooklyn. Children's Museum L. Miriam
S. Draper, Ibn. (Rpt. — yr. ending Dec. 31,
1913.) Accessions 223; total number of vol-
umes in library ^895. Total attendance for
1913 was 47,798, and 329 books were loaned
for home use.
Work on enlarging the reference room was
begun during the year, and when completed
will give considerable additional space for
book shelves, besides providing tables for
teachers and older students. Many students
in the Training School for Teachers used the
library in their preparation of lessons, and
pupils of one biology class in the Commer-
cial High School spent their study periods
there, following the outline of a special course.
Boys and girls use the library constantly in
connection with their hobbies. Visits to the
museum have been made by thirty different
groups of librarians and by several curators
of museums both in this country and abroad.
Buffalo. The councilmen have reconsid-
ered the budget and have raised the library
appropriation from $83,174.59 to $110,000,
after Librarian Walter P. Brown and Direc-
tor Thomas T. Ramsdell had presented fig-
ures showing that it would be necessary to
close some of the branches unless the ap-
propriation was increased.
Buffalo. The Buffalo Public Library is to
send to Spokane, Wash., for the Inland Em-
pire Teachers' Association demonstration, an
exhibit of the library work in the schools of
this city. Requests for displays illustrating
this phase of library work, which originated
in Buffalo, have come from all over the world.
An exhibit has been sent to Leipsic and this
in turn is to go to the San Francisco Expo-
sition in 1915. Recently the superintendent
of the Oregon schools sent to all the dis-
trict superintendents pamphlets describing
the school library work of Buffalo and urging
the adoption of the service wherever possible.
Canandaigua. Major Charles A. Richard-
son of Gorham street, this city, has made
a gift of his valuable library to the Wood
Library Association, which is to occupy quar-
ters in the building of Ontario Historical So-
ciety, now in process of construction. Over
1700 volumes are contained in the collection,
which is valued at many thousands of dollars.
Major Richardson has also assured the Li-
brary Association that he has provided for
an endowment of $5000 for the institution.
One-half the income from this amount is to
be expended annually in the upkeep of the
Richardson library and the other half is to
be used to buy reference books to keep the
collection up to date. It has been agreed that
an alcove shall be set aside in the library
portion of the Historical Building for the pur-
pose of keeping the Richardson volumes to-
gether and that the gift is to be known as
"The Major Richardson Collection."
Canton. Mrs. Eva Remington, the widow
of the artist, Frederic Remington, has made
a valuable addition to the College Library,
to be under the direction of the Fine Arts
Department of St. Lawrence University. The
library is to be a memorial to Mrs. Rem-
ington's parents, Lawton and Flora Caten.
The selection of books has been made by
Prof. Hardie of the college, and the books
cover the whole field of fine arts. For the
present these books will be kept in the classi-
fied library, but when a suitable bookcase
has been made they will be housed in the
fine arts room. Mrs. Remington plans to
make additions from time to time.
Carthage. F. W. Woolworth has given
$100 to the Carthage Free Library, and the
money will probably be used for current ex-
penses. Mr. Woolworth was a native of the
town of Champion, and donations from other
former residents of Champion to the amount
of $300 have been received. This with the
$400 that was appropriated at the last vil-
lage election by the taxpayers of the two vil-
lages places the library in a good financial
condition. The board of trustees of the li-
brary association is considering the proposi-
tion of starting an active campaign to raise
by popular subscription a building fund.
Corona. A delegation of residents of the
.North Corona section, at the March meet-
388
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[May, 1914
ing of the Queens Borough Library trustees,
at Jamaica, presented petitions containing
several thousand names requesting that a
branch library be established somewhere in
the vicinity of Jackson avenue.
Geneva. As a result of an arrangement
entered into between the Geneva school au-
thorities and the trustees of the Geneva Free
Library the library will rceive 250 volumes
for which there is no room at present in
the High School Library. The books are a
collection of volumes of history, fiction and
biography. The Board of Education retains
title to the books and can recall them at any
time but they will be placed on the library
shelves and used the same as any other books
in the library.
Ithaca. Cornell Univ. L. Geo. Wm. Har-
ris, Ibn. (Rpt. — yr. ending June 30, 1913.)
Accessions 13,870; total number of volumes
423,570, of pamphlets 64,000. Recorded use
for both reference and home use (regarded
as about one-third the actual use of the
books of the library) 126,574. Registered
borrowers 1092.
Middleport. A branch of the State Travel-
ing Public Library has been established here
and will be located in the M. E. Church.
Miss Georgia Hawn will serve as librarian.
New York City. Carrere & Hastings have
filed plans for a two story and basement
branch with a facade of brick and marble
to be erected at 78 and 80 Manhattan street,
extending through to 519 and 521 West I26th
street, for the New York Public Library.
The cost is estimated at $70,000.
New York City. The station of the trav-
eling libraries department of the New York
Public Library, recently opened in Room
io8A of the Columbia University Library, is
primarily for the circulation of books to the
faculty and students of the university. The
station is open every week day from 8.30 to
12 a.m.. and on Monday, Tuesday, Thursday
and Friday from i to 5.30 p.m. Three thou-
sand books in charge of an experienced libra-
rian form the initial collection, which will be
changed or increased as occasion demands.
Two books may be borrowed for a period of
two weeks with the privilege of renewal for a
like period. Regular deliveries by automobile
twice a week will enable the station to bor-
row books from all the other branches of the
circulation department ; through this so-called
interbranch loan system about 80,000 titles are
available. An author catalog of the books on
the shelves will be kept at the station and
printed lists issued by the Public Library will
facilitate the borrowing of books from other
branches.
New York City. The forty-third branch of
the New York Public Library, known as
the Fort Washington branch and situated at
535 West I79th street, between St. Nicholas
and Audubon avenues, was formally opened
April 14, at 8.30 p.m. On April 6 the build-
ing was open for the registration of borrow-
ers, and on April 15, at 9 o'clock, it was open
for the distribution of books. The building,
the thirty-seventh erected from the Carnegie
Fund to be used by the New York Public
Library as a branch, is a four-story structure
of Indiana limestone on a plot 50 x 100 feet.
It was designed by Messrs. Walter Cook and
Winthrop A. Welch and built by the William
L. Crow Construction Company at a cost of
about $115,000. An assembly room seating
two hundred and fifty people is provided in
the basement; the circulation, reading and
reference rooms for adults are located on the
first floor; the children's room is on the sec-
ond floor; club study rooms and the janitor's
apartment occupy the third floor. This new
branch is the Library's "farthest north" in
Manhattan.
New York City. By the will of John L.
Cadwalader, late president of the board of
trustees of the New York Public Library,
$100,000 is given to the library. Mr. Cadwala-
der also gave to the library his collection of
prints, in which he took great pride, and
which is one of the most valuable private
collections in the country, and such books
from his library as might be chosen by the
director of the public library. By the terms
of the will $50,000 is to be used to enlarge
the prints' collection and $50,000 to increase
the salaries of the employes in the reference
department. In respect to enlarging the col-
lection of prints he expressed a preference
that the expenditure should not be made for
modern prints.
New York City. The accessions in the cir-
culation department of the New York Public
Library during 1913 were 165,274, making the
total number of volumes in the department
964,189, a total which was inadvertently re-
ferred to in the April JOURNAL as representing
the accessions alone.
New York City. The fifty-fourth annual
report of Cooper Union shows that 632 books
and 1478 pamphlets were added to the library
May, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
389
during the year. There were 487,934 men
and 6494 women who used the library and
reading room, making a daily average of
1550. A decrease of 91,338 in attendance for
the year was shown. The Students' Loan and
Reference Library was used by 389 students
who drew 1554 books for home use. This
library now contains 873 volumes.
New York City. To provide for the ad-
ministration of the Columbia University Li-
brary, pending the selection of a successor
to Dr. William D. Johnson, who resigned as
librarian last December, a library council has
been appointed, consisting of the president
of the university, and Profs. Wheeler, Trent,
Keyser, Shotwell, Simkhovitch, Abbott,
Weeks and Harper.
New York City. Plans have been filed for
enlarging the two-story library and office of
the Hispanic Society of America on iSSth
street, by adding one story to the private
exhibition gallery at a cost of $35,000.
Charles P. Huntington is the architect.
New York City. For the convenience of
the Hungarians of the Bronx, a collection of
books in Hungarian has been placed in the
Woodstock branch. The same branch has on
exhibition two original paintings of Indian
life by E. Irving Couse, lent by the artist, and
some etchings by Thomas Johnson, lent by
Mrs. Johnson.
Potsdam. Vilhelm Slomann of the State
Library School at Albany, spent some time
at the local library in March introducing a
new system for the lending of books, cata-
loging a portion of the library and giving it
a general overhauling. The local library has
about 6500 volumes. About 600 of them
were uncataloged. They represented the li-
brary's purchases for the past four years.
Rochester. Governor Glynn has signed the
bill presented to the Legislature this winter
increasing the power of the trustees of the
Rochester Public Library and describing what
shall constitute the library fund. Under the
new law the Public Library Commission will
have powers in regard to the Public Library
analogous to the powers of the Park Com-
mission and the Board of Education. Previ-
ously all contracts for library work and the
purchase of all books and the expenditure
of money for any purpose was done by the
Board of Estimate and Apportionment. Un-
der the new law the Library Commission will
divide its funds, create offices, appoint officers,
purchase supplies and do whatever seems
wise to it with the appropriation granted for
library purposes.
Schenectady. The branch library in the
school building at Brandywine avenue and
Becker street has been used beyond the ex-
pectation of people in the neighborhood at
whose request it was opened by the Public
Library. Fifteen hundred readers from all
over the eastern section of the city have so
far taken out cards. The success of this
branch is considered the more surprising in
view of the fact that the basement room it
occupies is most inconvenient to the public.
In spite of difficulties over 26,000 volumes
were loaned during 1913 from this one room.
The branch collection contains 2229 books,
according to the annual report.
NEW JERSEY
Bayonne. The Building Committee of the
Free Public Library has been authorized to
enter into a contract with the Art Metal Con-
struction Company for the equipment of the
library with the firm's steel stacks at a cost
of $6024.00.
Elizabeth. One of the "community" libra-
ries of the Free Public Library of this city
has been established at School No. 4. The
plan has proved both popular and beneficial.
Children, parents and other members of the
family and their friends patronize the branch
liberally. The "community" library has also
proved of great advantage to the students of
the Normal training department
Hopewell. A free library and reading room
has been opened in the office of J. C. Harri-
son, with a stock of 600 volumes.
Lakewood. Over $1000 was made at a re-
cent presentation by amateurs of a dramati-
zation of "The Peterkin papers." The money
was given to the Lakewood Library.
Madison. The use of the Madison Public
Library has been extended to the residents
of Morristown, who have been without li-
brary privileges since the burning of their
public library in February.
Newark. A conference has been held
at the Free Public Library between repre-
sentatives of the New Jersey State Library
Commission, consisting of John Cotton Dana,
Miss Sarah B. Askew and Miss Edna B.
Pratt on behalf of the commission, and Dr.
Laban Dennis, president of the Public Wel-
fare Committee of Essex county, Miss Emily
S. Hamblen, its secretary, and William A.
Averill of the committee, together with Dr.
390
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[May, 1914
W. Allen. The conference was to discuss
the subject of a library survey for the county
and to agree upon a plan for carrying it
into execution. The details are now being
worked out by the State Commission and the
Public Welfare Committee. The State Li-
brary Commission will assume the direction of
the survey which will be carried out by the
Public Welfare Committee.
Ocean City. The Ocean City Public Li-
brary has rented two rooms on the second
floor of the Bourse Building, Eighth street
and Asbury avenue, for library purposes un-
til the completion of the new City Hall.
South Orange F. P. Circ. L. Julia Schnei-
der, Ibn. (Rpt. — yr. ending May, 1913.) Ac-
cessions of 970 volumes were offset by 865
books discarded, lost or destroyed, leaving
net increase of only 105 books. Total num-
ber on shelves 10,110. Circulation 36,400.
Total registration 1878. Receipts $7811.20;
expenditures included $1120.60 for salaries,
and $550.05 for books and magazines.
Summit F. P. L. Mabel R. Haines, Ibn.
(Rpt. — yr. ending Dec. 31, 1913.) Added
1058 volumes, total 10,662 volumes in library.
Issued for home use 33,867 volumes (1071
increase over 1912.) Receipts $4244.28; ex-
penses $4048.60.
During the year the library has installed
new stacks and annexed a small branch li-
brary in the North Summit Neighborhood
House.
Summit. The library has received a gift
of $100 from Theodore L. Beck, which will
be applied to the purchase of books.
Trenton. The contract for the erection of
the $40,000 addition to the Trenton Free Pub-
lic Library, the gift of the late John Lam-
bert Cadwalader of New York, has been
awarded to W. J. & J. H. Morris of this
city.
Trenton. The bills authorizing the ap-
pointment of a legislative advisor and the
establishment of a legislative reference de-
partment in the State Library have been
signed by Gov. Fielder. The advisor, a com-
petent counselor-at-law, is required to main-
tain an office in connection with the legislative
reference department, for the purpose of
avoiding repetitions and unconstitutional pro-
visions, and of insuring accuracy in the text
and other proper language. The other bill
makes it the duty of the state librarian to
collect and keep constantly up to date, and
have readily accessible to all members of the
Legislature, and all persons desiring legis-
lative information, all matters pertaining to
current or proposed legislation. He is also
required to provide digests of such informa-
tion and material upon request of any legis-
lative committee or member of the Legisla-
ture. The annual expense for this depart-
ment is not to exceed $1000, and the salary
provided for the advisor is fixed at $1500.
PENNSYLVANIA
Pennsylvania Library Notes for January
contains a list of all the free libraries of
Pennsylvania. The list includes 142 libraries,
as compared with the list of sixty-seven free
libraries published by the Keystone State Li-
brary Association in 1903. Some of the
names on the present list represent libraries
which were formerly on a subscription basis,
but most of them are new. Included in each
entry is the name of the town and county
in which the library is located, the population
of the town, the name of the library, the date
of. its founding, the number of volumes and
the name of the librarian.
The Free Library Commission has pub-
lished its report for 1913, in which atten-
tion is again called to the need of a more ef-
ficient library law for the state, and to the
great need for more field workers. Two hun-
dred and fourteen visits were made to 160 li-
braries, eight new libraries were organized,
and three older ones assisted in reorganiza-
tion. Forty-three conferences were held with
library trustees or committees, talks were
given on "Library Days" before clubs, meet-
ings were held with small groups of people
interested in forming a library, rooms were
planned, and lists of books were furnished.
Cooperation with the State Federation of
Pennsylvania Women was placed on a definite
basis during the year through their library
committee, and has proved mutually helpful.
Nine round table meetings were held. The
third summer course was held at State Col-
lege in connection with the summer course
for teachers. Eleven librarians took the regu-
lar course and four teachers took the work
intended for those who have charge of school
libraries. Through the traveling library work
17,884 books were sent to 327 points in the
state. Of these 13,009 volumes went into
country districts or very small towns, and
1260 to public school buildings, for general
use ; 1448 volumes went to study clubs in
towns where there is no free library, and
1695 volumes were lent to public libraries.
The summer school at Mt. Gretna received
May, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
391
about 400 books to serve as a library. By
agreement the traveling library does not op-
erate in Susquehanna county, where the
Montrose Library has now established forty-
five stations in place of the eleven formerly
maintained by the Library Commission.
Allentown. The law library of 5000 vol-
umes belonging to the late Judge Edward
Harvey has been bequeathed to the Lehigh
County Bar Association, and a sum of $2000
accompanies the bequest, the income to be
used in maintaining the library.
Ardmore. The fifteenth anniversary of the
Ardmore Free Library was celebrated in
March by the Ardmore Women's Club, its
founders, at an entertainment in the Ardmore
Y. M. C. A. A feature of the celebration
included tableaux representing the titles of
famous books. In connection with the cele-
bration numerous donations of books were re-
ceived and an anonymous donor sent a check
for $100. Beginning with a few books, do-
nated by members of the club, the library
has grown until to-day it has a circulation
averaging more than 1000 books a month, and
has fourteen traveling libraries connected
with it.
Braddock. On April 19 the Braddock Car-
negie Library, the first free library ever given
by Andrew Carnegie, celebrated its twenty-
fifth anniversary. An elaborate celebration
was prepared, with a big parade and many
speeches. Mr. Carnegie was a guest of
honor.
Chester. By the will of the late Mrs. Sarah
D. Mowry the sum of $300 is left to the Ches-
ter Free Library.
Kutztoum. The Kutztown State Normal
School is building a $100,000 library and mu-
seum building of North Carolina granite.
Mount Union. As a part of a movement
set on foot by the ministers of the town to
secure better social conditions, plans were
made early in the Winter to organize a pub-
lic library. A vacant room in the Methodist
church has been fitte i up for library purposes,
and about 225 books have been donated to
form the nucleus of the library.
Philadelphia. From the Starr Center Set-
tlement Library, situated in a crowded tene-
ment district and supported wholly by volun-
tary contributions, 29,690 books were circu-
lated. There are only 3500 books in the col-
lection, and about 1000 cardholders. Every
Wednesday in the summer the library is the
distributing station of the Philadelphia Flow-
er, Fruit and Ice Mission.
Philadelphia. Ground has been broken for
a free library for George's Institute at the
southeast corner of Fifty-second and Media
streets. It will be of brick, 92 x 74 feet, and
will cost $10,800.
Philadelphia. Resolutions urging the
Drexel Institute to restore its school for the
training of librarians were adopted March
20 at a meeting of the representatives of ed-
ucational and cultural institutions, held in the
Free Library building. Among the institu-
tions represented were the Free Library, the
College of Physicians, Drexel Institute, the
University of Pennsylvania and several of
the city's learned societies. A committee was
appointed to draft a formal statement for
presentation to the trustees of the Drexel
school. There is no library school in eastern
Pennsylvania now, although there is a brief
course in library management at the William
Penn High School. It was stated that the low
salaries paid by the city to its librarians are
responsible for the small number of young
men and women who enter the profession.
It was suggested that the public library
board assume control of the library school.
This proposition was rejected, and the repre-
sentatives of Drexel Institute were equally
emphatic in refusing to support the school.
Phoenixville P. L. Elmira W. Pennypack-
er, Ibn. (i7th annual rpt.— yr. ending July
I, 1913.) Accessions 441 ; total number of
volumes in library 10,063. Circulation 30,291.
New registration 343; total 1974- Income
$2153.43 ; expenses $2042.78, including $1016.05
for salaries, and $601.88 for books and pe-
riodicals.
Pittsburgh. Work has been begun on the
$150,000 addition to the Northside Carnegie
Library. The new portion will be added to
the Moody street side. It will be two stories
high. Andrew Carnegie is bearing the cost
of the addition.
Pittston. The Lithuanian Library, contain-
ing 1146 volumes, had 6552 visitors to its read-
ing room and 1159 books were taken home.
The work cost less than $200, as J. S. Vas-
cavage, who has charge of the work, gives his
services.
Pottsville. The trustees of the Free Pub-
lic Library gave a banquet at the Penn Hall
Hotel on April 3 to the members of the li-
brary staff, the directors of the Pottsville
school district and members of the press.
392
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[May, 1914
Somerset. George F. Baer, president of
the Philadelphia and Reading, has given $500
to the fund for the establishment of a free li-
brary here. Mr. Baer is a native of Somerset
county.
Warren. The Warren Library will receive
$5000 under the will of the late Mrs. Eliza
A. Henry.
Water ford. Library rooms have been fitted
and furnished in the High School Building.
The committee in charge plans to keep the
rooms open several evenings each week for
the accommodation of those wishing books
from the library and also for meetings of the
women's clubs and other gatherings of a pub-
lic or semi-public nature.
MARYLAND
In its second biennial report covering the
time from November, 1911, to November, 1913,
the Maryland Public Library Commission
summarizes work done, particular stress be-
ing laid on the work of traveling libraries,
of which 263 were circulated. For about
nine and one-half months of the time Miss
Mary P. Farr has been employed as field sec-
retary and library organizer. In order to ac-
quire a permanent field secretary the com-
mission recommends a doubling of the present
appropriation of $1500 to $3000. With this
increased appropriation it would be possible
to purchase more new books for the travel-
ing libraries, and to encourage and help both
the libraries already established in the coun-
ties and new ones just being started. The
commission now has its office in the Enoch
Pratt Free Library of Baltimore, but need
is felt of larger quarters. By careful hus-
banding of resources in previous years, the
commission was able to spend $1000 this
year for books, which added 43 new traveling
libraries and revised the old ones. There is
a growing demand for libraries on special
topics.
Baltimore. A branch of the Enoch Pratt
Free Library at Irvington has been asked by
a committee from the Women's Cub of Irv-
ington. It was asked that the city buy a lot
for the library at the triangle formed by
Frederick avenue, Hilton street and Caton
avenue, or in that vicinity, the plan being to
have the building erected out of the Carne-
gie library fund. The committee was told
that there was no money available at this
time for the purchase of the lot. The mat-
ter will be brought to the attention of Mayor
Preston and the Board of Estimates may con-
sider the proposition when it makes up the
tax levy budget for 1915.
Frederick. The new library was opened
April 15 in a room at the Y. M. C. A. Miss
S. M. Akin, of Cartersville, Ga., an experi-
enced librarian, is in charge, and she will have
one pupil assistant. The library has about
1500 books.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Washington. The Public Library has just
rendered a valuable service to students of the
history of the District of Columbia in pre-
paring an analytical catalog of the Columbia
Historical Society records. In preparing this
card catalog of the sixteen volumes of the
proceedings of the Columbia Historical So-
ciety it was found that there are 140 differ-
ent papers. In some cases the separate pa-
pers are represented under two or three sub-
jects, so that the series as a whole is repre-
sented by 321 different author and subject
entries. The Library of Congress has
printed the cards for this series. Sets of the
printed cards can be purchased by other local
libraries or by individuals.
Washington. An amendment to the army
appropriation bill has been suggested by Sen-
ator Dupont of Delaware, that the library of
the surgeon general's office be moved to the
Library of Congress and become a part of it.
Senator Dupont suggested that as the library
is not used exclusively by the army medical
corps, but is a library for the whole medi-
cal profession, it should be made a part of
the national library, and that the army, which
has annually appropriated $10,000 for its up-
keep, should be relieved of its care. Fur-
thermore, while the building in which the li-
brary is kept is supposed to be fireproof, it
is not modern in its equipment, and the opin-
ion was expressed that to allow the library
to remain there indefinitely would be dan-
gerous. The change is opposed by members
of many medical societies, who say that it
will be much more difficult for physicians to
get access to the books if they are put into
the Library of Congress.
Washington. Dept. of Agriculture L. Clari-
bel R. Barnett, Ibn. (Rpt.— yr. ending June
30, 1913.) Accessions 9574, total number of
books, pamphlets and maps 127,819. The
total number of different periodicals, exclu-
sive of annuals, received currently during the
year was 2035, of which 777 were received by
purchase and 1258 by gift. There were 44,029
May, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
393
books charged to readers in the main library,
and 22,166 to various branch libraries.
Five thousand seven hundred and sixty-eight
books were borrowed from other libraries in
and out of Washington, most frequently from
the Library of Congress and the library of
the Surgeon General's office.
Washington. Geol. Survey L. The library
received 15,040 additions, comprising practi-
cally all new literature on geology, paleontol-
ogy and mineralogy. There were 9213 read-
ers in the library, and 10,162 books and maps
were lent for outside use. The bibliography
of North American geology for 1911, with
1266 author entries, was published as Bulle-
tin 524. The bibliography for 1912 (Bulletin
545) is under way. In addition to current cat-
aloging, work was continued on the full
cataloging of various series in the older por-
tion of the library, including reports and maps
of geological surveys of Hungary, Slavonia-
Croatia, Galicia, France, Switzerland, and
Tasmania (in part), the monographs of the
Palaeontological Society of London, public
documents, mostly of the Western states, pro-
cured for the use. of the land-classification
board, and maps of the New England, Middle
Atlantic and some of the Southern states.
Printed cards for these various series, as well
as for the new geologic books and for all of
those cataloged in former years, are now
available to librarians. As these cards,
marked "Library, U. S. Geol. Survey," are
filed in the many public, institutional, and uni-
versity libraries of the country the informa-
tion goes abroad that the books described
are in the Geological Survey Library. This
fact accounts in part for the increased num-
ber of requests for loans made upon the li-
brary by librarians and specialists outside of
this city, and also for the increased number
of specialists who come here to use the li-
brary.
Washington. Soldiers' Home L. During
the year ending July i, 1913, 800 volumes were
added to the library, making a total of 11,107
volumes. In response to many requests a col-
lection of standard German books was begun,
95 volumes being added. During the winter
months a reading club was conducted in the
library once a week, with an average attend-
ance of 34. Books from the hospital library
are taken to patients unable to leave their
beds, and periodicals are freely circulated.
The library also contains a supply of books
for the blind. •
The South
VIRGINIA
Richmond. After more than a year of ne-
gotiations, the loo-year-old manuscripts
stolen from the Virginia State Library dur-
ing the evacuation of Richmond, in 1865, and
discovered in 1912 in the Americana of the
late Benson J. Lossing, are restored to the
state. The General Assembly set aside an
appropriation of $790 to fulfil the contract
entered into between the Lossing heirs and
the legal department of the state. Of this
amount $750 went to the heirs to pay for the
care of the documents and the cost of the
litigation, and $40 for the traveling expenses
of the state librarian, who brought them
back to Virginia. The Virginia papers include
letters from Marquis de Lafayette to the
Revolutionary governor of Virginia, docu-
ments bearing the signatures of Queen Anne,
King William, the Georges and other British
sovereigns, and formal communications in the
handwriting of George Washington, Thomas
Jefferson, Patrick Henry, James Madison
and others.
Richmond. The Chamber of Commerce,
Business Men's Club and a large representa-
tion of interested men and women are united
in urging the Council Committee on Finance
to approve the purchase of Jeter Memorial
Hall at Richmond College for a municipal
library. A resolution appropriating $110,000
for this purpose is now pending.
SOUTH CAROLINA
Charleston. The Charleston Library So-
ciety has recently received a bequest of
$5000 from the late Mrs. Laura Wolcott
Lowndes.
GEORGIA
Atlanta. The proposal to have five women
each on the Board of Health, the Board of
Education, the Park Board and the Library
Board has been agreed to and adopted by
the Charter Amendment Committee of Gen-
eral Council. These boards now consist of one
member from each of the ten city wards and
the mayor and the chairman of the corre-
sponding council committee as ex-officio mem-
bers, making a total membership of twelve. The
addition of five women will make the mem-
bership seventeen. The women are to be full
members, with voting power the same as the
men ; they are to be elected by general council
in the same way that board members are now1
elected.
394
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[May, 1914
Savannah. The selection of the commission
which is to have full charge of the drafting
of plans and the construction of the Public
Library for which the Carnegie Corporation
of New York has made an appropriation of
$75,000, has been completed. It has been
found that a handsome and commodious
building can be put up for the amount that is
available. It is possible that the city council
may make an additional appropriation of
$25,000, thus making available $100,000 for
the construction and equipment of the build-
ing. No assurance has been given on this
point, however. Under the terms of the gift
the city must make an annual appropriation
of $7,500, or 10 per cent, of the appropria-
tion. The city has been appropriating $10,000
a year to the support of the present Public
Library and this appropriation will merely
be transferred. The most available site at
present for the proposed building is the lot
at the rear of Colonial Cemetery, which the
city owns. Unless the plans are changed this
is where the building will be erected.
KENTUCKY
Hopkinsville. The Carnegie Library Board
expect the new library building on Liberty
street to be ready for occupancy by July i.
Louisville. The Carnegie Corporation will
be asked to give $50,000 for two additional
branch libraries in Louisville, as a result of
action taken by the Library Board. The matter
was brought before the Library Board by the
Building Committee, in whose report it was
asserted Louisville needed two more branches
to complete the system, and suggesting that
they be built at Butchertown and at South
Louisville. In its report the Building Com-
mittee stated that the $200,000 provided about
six years ago by Mr. Carnegie had been en-
tirely used in the construction of the main
library and eight branches, the last branch
having been accepted with the contractor's
guarantee in March. The Finance Committee
has been authorized to take immediate steps
toward making the request.
Louisville. The new newspaper and civics
room of the Louisville Free Public Library
was opened for public use March 30. The
room is 24 x 54 feet, with shelving and fur-
niture finished in quarter-sawed oak. The
shelving extends around two sides and one
end, with a reading stand for newspapers
taking up the entire east end of the room.
This reading stand accommodates the Louis-
ville daily papers, English and German, and
Cincinnati Enquirer. In cupboards below
are kept the back numbers of volumes to be
completed and made ready for binding.
There are three tables, which will accommo-
date six readers each, and six standing racks,
on which are kept the ninety-seven news-
papers on reading sticks for use at the tables.
The attendant's desk is at 'lie west end of the
room, placed for supervision of the entire
room. The Louisville papers will be indexed
by the assistant in this room, and clippings
from papers and separates from magazines,
books and pamphlets will be indexed and
placed in box files under the system of deci-
mal classification arranged especially for the
purpose.
Louisville. At the annual meeting of the
board of trustees of the Free Public Library,
the offer made by the Jefferson Institute of
Arts and Sciences, to turn over to the li-
brary its museum collection of Japanese, In-
dian and other relics, was accepted. Relative
to the proposed plan that the county appro-
priate to the Louisville Free Public Library
annually $2000 or $2500 for the privilege of
persons in the county outside the city hav-
ing access to the library books, it was stated
that the county's finances would not warrant
an arrangement of the kind at present, but it
was hoped such an agreement could be
reached soon. There has been some talk of
establishing branch libraries in the county
outside the city when the Louisville Free Pub-
lic Library would expect to receive from the
county $6000 or $7000 annually.
TENNESSEE
Athens. The ladies of Browning Circle are
planning to secure funds to erect a library
building in Athens that will be not only a
library, but a building in which the social ac-
tivities of the city may be carried on. The
plans are to provide for a gymnasium, swim-
ming pool, reading room, rest room for
country women who come to Athens to do
their trading and other features of an up-to-
date community house.
Chattanooga P. L. Margaret Dunlap, Ibn.
(9th annual rpt. — yr. ending Sept. 30, 1913.)
Accessions 4627; total number of volumes in
library 30,223. Circulation 103,293, an increase
of 27,816, 15,673 being from the county
branches and class room collections. Total
registration 9669. Receipts $14,684.53; ex-
penses $14,168.47.
The year's growth and development of the
library are shown in the opening of a colored
May, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
395
branch library, the establishment of five
county branches, the placing of twelve class
room collections in the first, second and third
primary grades in the schools of Hamilton
county, and in the increased circulation of
books from the main library.
Jackson. In their annual report to the
board of mayor and aldermen, the trustees
of the City Library ask that an appropriation
of $3600 per year be made to the institution,
as it is found that it will take that amount
to operate it. They cite the fact that a good
many new books and periodicals have been
purchased during the past year and the li-
brary is quite a supplement to the city schools
as an educational facility. The work of the
librarian, Miss Allie Drake, and her assistant,
Miss Kathleen Hamilton, is praised.
Knoxville. The University of Tennessee
Library will give its usual six weeks' course
in library methods for teacher-librarians
from June 23 to July 31. Instruction will be
given by Miss Lucy E. Fay, librarian, and
Miss A. T. Eaton, assistant librarian.
ALABAMA
University. President George H. Denny
announces that Colonel J. J. Garrett of Bir-
mingham, has donated to the University his
library of law books containing 1800 volumes.
The addition of this collection will greatly
increase the usefulness of the already excel-
lent library of the school of law.
Central West
MICHIGAN
Detroit. The library fund was cut
$16,90077 by the Council Committee on
claims and accounts at its meeting March
21. The biggest cut was in the estimate for
books, $10,000 being cut out of the $50,000
request of the Board of Library Commission-
ers, the allowance being just $5,000 more than
the Board of Estimates permitted to go
through last year. Librarian Adam Strohm's
salary was left at $4,000, the committee cut-
ting out an estimate for a $1,000 increase in
his pay. Items of $77,375 and $19,870 for the
pay of 117 assistant librarians were held up
temporarily. The items carry increases, the
library commissioners said, because the pub-
lic school teachers have been raised year
after year, but no provision has been made
for more pay for the women who work at
the libraries. Minor items for typists and
clerks and running expenses were reduced
somewhat.
Detroit. "Detroit Public Library branches,
1914," is an artistic 36-page octavo pamphlet,
issued by the Detroit Library Commission as
a presentation of the twelve branches now in
operation in the public library system. Of
these, ten are housed in their own buildings,
six being erected from Carnegie grants, two
being gifts of private citizens, and two es-
tablished at the cost of the city; two are
still maintained in rented quarters. Excel-
lent cuts of the buildings are accompanied
by main floor plans and brief data as to ar-
rangement, equipment, and cost; an effective
cover design shows a small relief map of
the city, with the branches and main library
indicated in gilt. The diversity in plans, and
varying adaptation to site requirements are
interesting and suggestive. The Henry M.
Utley branch is a worthy memorial to the
long years of service of Detroit's veteran li-
brarian emeritus. These branches "represent
an investment of approximately a half a mil-
lion dollars, an annual circulation of 600,000
issues and a personnel of about 60 library
attendants."
Essex. The contract for building the new
public library has been awarded to Johnson
& Rogers of Essex.
Grand Rapids. The Association of Com-
merce has recently issued a little folder in
which the work of the public library is given
equal prominence as an asset to the commun-
ity with that of the schools, and with sta-
tistics of valuation, building, post office re-
ceipts, financial conditions and industrial
activity in general. The figures given for
the library in this folder include all records
of attendance as well as books issued for
home use and show a growth from a library
of 56,402 volumes with total use amounting
to 223,097 in 1900, to a collection in 1913 of
131,484 volumes used by 790,235 individuals.
Highland Park. The Highland Park vil-
lage authorities have decided to appropriate
$5000 for the maintenance of the Carnegie
library which is likely to be given Highland
Park this year. The municipal officers are
working with the school board in an effort
to secure the library. An excellent site has
been found on Woodward avenue, near
Buena Vista avenue.
Kalamazoo. It has been decided by the
Library Committee of the Board of Supervi-
sors to secure the services of a librarian to
take complete charge of the law library in
the Court House.
I
396
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
{May, 1914
Lansing. There has been an increase of
1620 district libraries and a decrease of 65
township libraries in the last ten years, ac-
cording to B. L. Keeler, superintendent of
public instruction. The number of volumes
in district libraries and the amount paid for
the support of the libraries has nearly doubled
during the last decade.
Manistee City Public and School L. Angie
Messer, Ibn. (Rpt. — yr. ending Nov. 30,
1913.) Accessions 1884; total number of
volumes 16,637. Circulation 58,031. New
registration 657; total number of borrowers
3*53 (population in 1910 was 12,381).
Traverse City P. L. Alice M. Wait, Ibn.
(9th annual rpt. — yr. ending Apr. 30, 1913.)
Accessions 608; total number of books in li-
brary 12,928. Circulation 40,253. New regis-
tration 437; total 2061. Reading room at-
tendance 16,103.
OHIO
Cincinnati. The Union Bulletin of the He-
brew Union College in a recent number con-
tained a brief description by A. S. Oko, the
librarian, of the Spinoza collection in the col-
lege library, said to be one of the most com-
plete in the world.
Cleveland. Just one year following the dis-
astrous flood of 1913, the trustees of the John
Mclntire Public Library of this city received
from the Carnegie Corporation a draft for
$1500 to reimburse th'e local library for flood
losses. The loss at the local library included
all furniture and books stored in the base-
ment, valued at about $3000.
Columbus. The general contract for the
erection of the Memorial Library to be built
at Capital College has been awarded to Ernest
Kroemer of Dayton. Work will be started
this spring.
Columbus. The State Library trustees
have leased from O. A. Miller half of the
second floor of the new fireproof building
erected in East Gay street between Fourth
and Fifth streets. The space will be used for
the work of the traveling library department.
This has been housed in the State House
attic, where insanitary conditions long have
prevailed. Rental will be provided through
an emergency appropriation.
Dayton. A musical library, which will be
part of the public library, was opened April
i as a result of the efforts of the Civic Music
League. An alcove in the library has been
set aside for this purpose, stocked with books
of a musical nature and also music of a stand-
ard nature. A piano also has been provided.
Citizens with an overabundance of music or
musical literature were asked to help in stock-
ing the library, April i being set aside as
"April Shower Day" for that purpose. Free
concerts began March 27 in eight neighborhood
circles. The concerts will continue on alter-
nate nights throughout the season.
Sandusky L. Assn. Edna A. Holzaepfel,
Ibn. (i7th rpt. — 1913.) Accessions 1942.
Circulation 59,816. New registration 1520;
total registration 5041.
Toledo. Noah H. Swayne, for fourteen
years trustee of the Toledo Public Library
and president of the board of trustees for
twelve years, has resigned. In his letter Mr.
Swayne assigns no reason for his retirement
other than that the work of years of planning
for the improvement of the institution is
practically completed. He has two years of
his fourth term of four years yet to serve.
Mr. Swayne's personal contributions toward
the expenses of the public library during his
years of service and during the period when
the finances of the institution were at a low
ebb, amounted to several thousand dollars.
He footed a bill of $1000 for wiring the build-
ing for electricity, bought large numbers of
books and advanced the money for the ex-
penses of several employes at library training
schools.
INDIANA
Indianapolis. Arrangements of the compe-
tition for an architect for a central library
building in this city were prepared by H. Van
Buren Magonigle, who was selected as archi-
tectural adviser by the board of school com-
missioners. The general plan of the compe-
tition and requirements for the building were
reported in the February number of the
LIBRARY JOURNAL. The program states that
the cost shall not exceed $427,500. The jury
of award, which met the second week in
April, consisted of three members : Edwin H.
Anderson, president of the American Library
Association and director of the New York
Public Library, as library expert ; Frank Miles
Day, a prominent architect from Philadelphia,
and Benno Janssen, an architect from Pitts-
burgh. This jury selected as most desirable
the plans submitted by Paul P. Cret and
Borie, Zantzinger & Medary, Associated, who
were accordingly selected as architects for
the new building.
Marion P. L. Edith Carlile Baldwin, Ibn.
(Rpt. — yr. ending Dec. 31, 1913.) Accessions
May, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
397
2380; total number of books in library 23,967.
Circulation 60,560. New registration 1014;
total 8086.
Warsaw. The Knights of Pythias lodge of
Warsaw has unanimously voted to offer the
lot just east of the lodge building as a site
for the proposed Carnegie library building.
The site is within a block of the business
section of the city and is one of the most
desirable in the city.
ILLINOIS
Chicago. The Chinese National Party,
which is headed by Dr. Sun Yet Sen, started
its first library in the United States at 2210
Archer avenue, less than three months ago.
It has now moved to better quarters at 265
West Twenty-second street, and is establish-
ing branches in other parts of the country.
The library to-day contains more than 1500
volumes on political science. Donations of
books on all subjects are appreciated.
Chicago. A resolution suggesting that sites
for branch libraries of the Chicago Public
Library be purchased with fines accruing
from violation of the rules of the institution,
was presented at the last meeting of the li-
brary board. There is received by the library,
according to Librarian Henry E. Legler, about
$16,000 each year in fines for violation of
the library rules, lost books, damaged books,
neglects and similar causes. This sum has
always been turned back into the treasury of
the library board. A resolution was adopted
at the same meeting cutting down the num-
ber of committees from seven to three,
namely, administration, library, and building
and grounds, that all directors may take ac-
tive part in the entire work of the board
instead of being divided into groups.
Chicago. Ryerson L. Mary Van Home,
Ibn. (Rpt. — 1912-13.) Accessions: books and
pamphlets 1657, photographs 939, lantern
slides 945, and post cards 1946; totals: books
and pamphlets 15,441, photographs 28,041, lan-
tern slides 10,306 and post cards 2922. Circu-
lation : books 10.134, lantern slides 20,007, pho-
tographs 5634. Recorded attendance 77,615.
During the year the Art Institute offered
to stand as guarantor for its students, mem-
bers and employes desiring public library
privileges, and this library was made a regular
branch delivery station, with very satisfactory
results. The library has for rental and use
ft in the library two projection lanterns which
| may be used with an ordinary electric light
fixture and operated by an amateur. One is
for slides and the other for photographs,
post cards, book illustrations, etc. A bequest
of $50,000 was made to the Art Institute by
D. H. Burnham for a library of architecture.
Macomb. West. III. State Normal School L.
Fanny R. Jackson, Ibn. (Rpt. — yr. ending
July, 1913.) Accessions 887; total number of
volumes in library 13,609. In the elementary
school library accessions were 161, and total
1500, not included in preceding figures. Cir-
culation 22,684. Fifty-four students re-
ceived credit in library economy.
Peoria. The old library building at the
corner of Main and Jefferson streets, has
been razed to make room for a ten-story of-
fice building. Erastus S. Willcox, who has
been identified with the library for forty-eight
years, was the man who first suggested this
site for library purposes, in the spring of
1865. In a very short time over $13,000 was
raised by popular subscription, and $10,000
was paid for the corner, with the old house
on it. The house was remodeled and used
for library purposes for a few years, and in
1878 the three-story brick building, just de-
molished, was erected at a cost of $32,000.
It was Mr. Willcox, then one of the directors
of the Peoria Mercantile Library, who in 1869
concluded that a free public library law was
needed. With the exception of New Hamp-
shire, which had a brief law permissive in its
nature but prescribing no working method,
no such law existed in any state. Mr. Willcox
took a leading part in drafting the law, which
was adopted very much as it stands to-day.
This was presented to the Illinois Legislature
in 1871, and passed in the same year, and
was at once the pioneer and the foundation
for all subsequent library legislation.
Urbana. At the University of Illinois Li-
brary ground has been broken for an addi-
tion to the stack room. The addition will
be of brownstone to match the building, will
measure 24 x 58 feet outside, and will pro-
vide a shelf capacity for 100,000 volumes.
Shelves for only 60,000 volumes will be in-
stalled this summer. The cost, including the
stacks, electric lighting, etc., will be $26,000.
The North West
WISCONSIN
Eau Claire. The Men's Club of the First
Presbyterian Church recently devoted an
evening to the public library. Addresses were
made by Miss Olson, the librarian, on "The
activities of the library" by Professor F. M.
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
9M
Jack, Superintendent W. H. Schulz, and
others. Rural patrons may hereafter obtain
books from the public library free of charge.
Previously a fee of twenty-five cents a quar-
ter, or a dollar a year has been received.
Galesville. The men of the city recently
gave a dinner for the benefit of the local
library.
Madison F. L. Mary A. Smith, Ibn. (38th
rpt.— yr. ending Je. 30, 1913.) Accessions
3220; total number of books in library 29,-
521. Circulation 152,153. New registration
3273; total registration 16,324. Receipts
$19,189.36.
For lack of a trained children's librarian
work in the children's department has not
been specially developed this year, but library
instruction was repeated in all eighth grades
in the schools. Sunday lectures were con-
tinued through the winter and spring, some
of them in connection with exhibits shown.
The library was used as a meeting place
eighty-seven times by various clubs and com-
mittees.
Milwaukee. The Elizabeth L. Greene Me-
morial Library of Milwaukee-Downer Col-
lege has received a bequest of about 600 books
from Miss Julia Lombard Chaffee, who died
in December. The books include fiction, his-
tory, poetry, religion and travel, and many
of them are in fine bindings and in splendid
condition. A conservative estimate puts the
value of the collection at $2500.
Neillsville. Andrew Carnegie has definitely
offered a $10,000 library building to the city,
and the Common Council has passed an ordi-
nance pledging $1000 a year for its support.
Options are being secured on sites for the
Carnegie building. A fund of $147 has been
given toward the purchase of a site by the
local Woman's Christian Temperance Union.
Waterloo. The Women's Club has recently
conducted a donation campaign for the bene-
fit of the local library. One hundred books
of general literature have been given, together
with yearly subscriptions to some of the pop-
ular magazines. A set of Stoddard's lectures
has been purchased. A library clock and a
fine hardwood library table, together with
matting and pictures, have also been donated.
Waukesha. The new children's library, con-
ducted by Miss Winifred Winans, has been
formally opened, more than 500 children
visiting the building the opening after-
noon. Two hundred and fifty were present
during the story telling hour. There are
about 375 books in the department. The
department will be open every afternoon
from 4 to 6 o'clock, and on Saturdays it will
be open all afternoon.
Waukesha. The Waukesha Women's Club
must vacate the Carnegie Library, where it
has met. In a letter from the Carnegie Cor-
poration objection is made to the idea of a
club utilizing the building.
West Allis. Work has been started on the
new Carnegie Library building, and it is ex-
pected to have the building finished by the
end of the summer.
MINNESOTA
Duluth. The West End branch of the Du-
luth Public Library has moved to 20 North
Twentieth avenue west. The new quarters
are in a store building on the first floor with
a front window. The hours for readers have
been changed and lengthened. The library
will now be open from I to 9 p.m., daily,
except Sundays, when the hours will be from
3 to 8. Sunday opening is a new departure
in the West End. Miss Maud Grogan, the li-
rarian, will be in charge.
Minneapolis. The tenth annual exhibition
of the Minnesota State Art Society was held
in the public library April 1-22.
Minneapolis. The library board has bought
from Thomas P. Wilson the three lots at
the northwest corner of Central and Twenty-
second avenue NE., for $6000, giving a library
building site of 114 x 150 feet.
Minneapolis. Mayor Nye has made a ten-
tative offer of the mayor's reception room
in the city hall to house the proposed busi-
ness men's library. Quarters similar in size
and general convenience have been offered
to the Library Board at an annual rental of
$2400. The mayor's reception room is used
for other purposes, but these for the most
part are the holding of meetings, and other
provisions could be made in other rooms in
the building. If investigation shows that the
reception room is available there seems no
reason why that $2400 rental should not be
saved to the taxpayers. The members of the
board and Miss Countryman, the librarian,
are to look into the proposition thoroughly.
Minneapolis. To compete with motion pic-
ture theaters that attract hundreds with their
bright signs, the Public Library will instal
an electric sign that can be seen from Tenth
street to the new Great Northern Station.
May, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
399
The turn in Hennepin avenue at Tenth
street affords opportunity for placing a con-
spicuous sign, the library board decided.
A thorough overhauling of the main li-
brary will be undertaken as soon as the new
art museum is finished and works in the art
gallery at the library are transferred. The
museum now on the third floor of the build-
ing will be moved to the rooms occupied by
the art gallery and the third floor will be
devoted to enlarging the library departments.
The board has conferred with a representative
of the Civil Service Commission, and it
is decided that all employes of the library
with the exception of the librarian and assis-
tants who have received training in library
work will come under civil service rules.
Minneapolis Athenaeum. Katherine Patten,
assist. Ibn. (Rpt. — yr. ending Dec. 31, 1913.)
Accessions 2281 ; total number of volumes
in library 65,806; total number of photo-
graphs and prints 3000. Expended from
Spencer Fund for books and periodicals
$7287.05 ; from general fund for photographs
and prints $196.68.
St. Paul. The contract for the new pub-
lic library building has been awarded to the
Thomas J. Steen Company of New York City.
It will be built of Tennessee marble, the cost
being approximately $430,000.
Thief River Falls. The city council has
passed a resolution providing for the purchase
of a $2000 site for the new Carnegie Library.
The site is three blocks from the center of
the city and within one block of the munici-
pal auditorium and court house. The work
on the library, for which $12,500 has been
contributed by the Carnegie Corporation, will
start this spring.
IOWA
Davenport P. L. Grace D. Rose, Ibn. (nth
rpt. — 1913.) Accessions 3005; total number
of volumes in library 37,791. Circulation
172,674. New registration 1714; total regis-
tration 10,251. Receipts $29,674.70; expendi-
tures $20,646.79.
A new deposit station has been opened in
Friendly House, special efforts have been
made in the line of publicity and a second
tier of stacks has been erected in the book
room.
Des Moines. Contracts for supplying shelv-
ing for the new medical library department
in the Iowa State Library have been let by
the state executive council to the Art Metal
Construction Company of Jamestown, N. Y.
The contract price is $760.
Dubuque. Carnegie-Stout F. P. L. Lil-
lian B. Arnold, Ibn. (nth rpt. — 1913.) Ac-
cessions 1210; total number of books in li-
brary 31,017. Circulation 99,432. New regis-
tration 1009; total registration 11,946. Re-
ceipts $950375-
Branch libraries are a necessity in a city
the size of Dubuque, which covers 11.5
square miles, but with the limited income re-
ceived they are out of the question, and the
circulation is gradually decreasing in conse-
quence. Through the cooperation of the prin-
cipal of the Lincoln School and the Board of
Education a branch station was opened in
the school. The Board of Education fur-
nishes the room with heat and light, and the
other expenses, including the library assis-
tant's salary, are borne by individuals in the
community. The branch is a success, and a
movement has been started for a similar sta-
tion in another ward of the city.
Independence. In the will of F. Munson is
a clause providing for the immediate erec-
tion of a library building to become later a
part of the equipment of the projected Mun-
son Industrial Training School.
NEBRASKA
Lincoln. State L. H. C. Lindsay, Ibn.
(Rpt. — biennium ending Dec. i, 1912.) Ac-
cessions 3523 ; total number of volumes 65,-
871, not including 26,154 volumes of Nebraska
Supreme Court reports. Out of the appropri-
ation of $3000 for general office expenses,
about $1375 was spent for binding and re-
binding some 1800 volumes. All binding has
been done in buckram at an average cost of
76 cents per volume. The greatest present
need is a fireproof building for the library.
For some time there has been talk of erecting
a new capitol building, and the suggestion is
made that one wing, for the library, Supreme
Court, etc., should be built at once. A second
suggestion is for the erection of a fireproof
building of marble or granite on land just
east of the capitol, belonging to the State
Historical Society, which land the society will
deed to the state providing an appropriation
is made for the building.
South Omaha P. L. Mrs. Grace Pinnell,
Ibn. (9th rpt. — yr. ending Jl. 31, 1913.) Ac-
cessions 358; total number of volumes in li-
brary 9234. Circulation 37,801. New regis-
tration 837; total registration 2767. Receipts
$5208.82; expenditures $5208.82.
40O
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[May, 1914
COLORADO
Denver. The Library Board and the mem-
bers of the Colorado Electric Club have a
movement on foot to establish a business
men's branch of the Public Library in the
downtown district. The Electric Club has
agreed to equip a room at the Chamber of
Commerce Building if the Public Library will
furnish the books. The nature of the library
is to be chiefly reference, and all fiction will
be eliminated except the monthly periodicals.
The South West
MISSOURI
Paris. Heirs of the late W. H. Dulaney
of Hannibal, have made the announcement
of a gift of $30,000 to erect a memorial li-
brary at Paris. Mr. Dulaney's gift is un-
conditional, save as to site. He formerly
lived in Paris.
St. Louis. Thirty-six women members of
the graduating class of the Library School
of the University of Illinois visited this city
the last week in March. Every spring a tour
is made either to Chicago or St. Louis for
practical training. Frances Simpson, assistant
director of the school, accompanied the party.
The visitors inspected the Central and branch
libraries, the Art Museum, the library at
Washington University and the Mercantile
Library and Missouri Botanical Garden.
St. Louis Mercantile L. Assn. William L.
R. Gifford, Ibn. (68th rpt.— 1913.) Acces-
sions 4985 ; total number of volumes in li-
brary 142,848. Circulation 119,195. Total
registration 3299. Receipts $64,992.14; ex-
penditures $61,663.67.
Trenton. With the extension of the parcel
post to include magazines and books, the
Trenton Public Library has broadened its
field. Patrons on rural routes or getting
their mail at the postoffice in Grundy county,
who hold cards for library books, may order
books by telephone or mail.
ARKANSAS
Eureka Springs. The new Carnegie Library
was recently opened for visitors. It is one
of the finest library buildings in this section
of the state.
LOUISIANA
New Orleans. Following its policy of mak-
ing reprints from time to time of matter re-
lating to the state and city found in forgotten
books, the Howard Memorial Library has re-
cently had printed a hundred copies of the
account of a journey made to the Mississippi
Valley in 1833. The reprint, like the orig-
inal, is in German, and relates the adventures
of one Friederich Arends, who started with
his three children from Frieslarid in July, em-
barked for America at Bremen, and reached
New Orleans the latter part of October.
There is an interesting description of the pas-
sage up the river, and of the city as it ap-
peared at that time.
KANSAS
Arkansas City P. L. Mrs. A. B. Ranney,
Ibn. (5th rpt. — 1913.) Accessions 429; total
number of volumes in library 4644. Circula-
tion 18,275. New registration 673 ; total reg-
istration 2916. Receipts $3074.54; expendi-
tures $2748.64.
Fort Leavenworth. Congress has appro-
priated $60,000 for a school library build-
ing at the army service schools. The build-
ing will be located east of the school build-
ing, overlooking the Missouri river. Work
on the building will start about July i.
' Fort Scott P. L. M. L. Barlow, Ibn. (Rpt.
— Dec., 1913.) Accessions 356 (231 juveniles).
Circulation 22,425. Book purchases cost
$298.53, and magazines $52.85.
Hutchinson. An architect's drawing, show-
ing the proposed $18,000 addition to the pub-
lic library, has been sent to the Carnegie
Corporation. The library is badly cramped
in its present quarters, and the proposed ad-
dition would just double the room. It is
planned to have the main entrance on Fifth
street, if the improvement is granted.
function City. George Smith P. L. Gar-
nette Heaton, Ibn. (6th rpt. — 1913.) Acces-
sions 339; total number of volumes in library
9399- Circulation 29,437. New registration
559; total registration 3700. Receipts $5314.22;
expenditures $4330.14.
Leavenworth F. P. L. Irving R. Bundy,
Ibn. (i4th rpt. — 1913.) Accessions 1559.
Circulation 66,086. New registration 211;
total registration 4652. Receipts $7680.61.
Topeka. During the past year the library
of the Kansas State Historical Society has
been increased by the addition of 1403 books,
1240 volumes of newspapers and magazines
and 6969 pamphlets, making the total number
of pieces in the library 228,643. No count of
manuscripts received during 1913 has been
kept, the work being delayed until the society
should be installed in its new quarters, when
better methods for handling them will be
adopted.
May, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
401
OKLAHOMA
Enid. As a result of a recent "penny day"
$60 was raised for the public library. A
museum for curios, natural history specimens
and relics of historical interest has been
started in the library.
TEXAS
After an interval of three years Texas
Libraries has been revived and will be pub-
lished quarterly. The copy for the first quar-
ter of 1914 contains the library laws of
Texas as well as news notes of various Texas
libraries, data from the latter in many cases
including statistics for 1911, 1912 and 1913.
Houston. A petition has been filed at City
Hall, asking for an annual appropriation
from the city funds of $13,500, instead of the
$7800 allowed at present for the public li-
brary. At Dallas the annual library allow-
ance is $16,000 — they have 9500 borrowers;
Fort Worth allows $12,000 for its library,
which has 12,000 borrowers; San Antonio's
library costs $14,000 a year, with its 10.000
borrowers, while Houston has a list of bor-
rowers totaling 13,454, and can only keep its
doors open on the $7800 allowed. New
books cannot be bought with this appropria-
tion. For the past year 112,585 books were
circulated by the Houston Library. The li-
brary was ten years old the first of March.
IV hart on. The city council by unanimous
vote has decided to maintain a Carnegie li-
brary. A mammoth petition signed by tax-
payers of the city was presented by members
of the New Century Club, a literary organiza-
tion, holding membership in the State Fed-
eration of Women's Clubs, asking that the
city authorize the setting aside of a fixed
amount for the maintenance of a $10,000
building. This building will be erected on
the site of the club, which it is proposed to
give to the city, with all books and equip-
ment accumulated during the ten years' ef-
fort.
Pacific Coast
WASHINGTON
Seattle. The Seattle Public Library opened
on Jan. i, 1914, its eighth branch library,
located on Queen Anne Hill. An interior
view is reproduced in this month's JOUR-
NAL. The building is a gift of Mr. Andrew
Carnegie, being Seattle's fifth branch from
this source, and is English scholastic Gothic in
design. The material used was red burlap
brick, with terra cotta trimmings and slate
roof. The main floor is partly divided by
glass, each side of the delivery desk, into a
children's room and an adult reference room,
the open-shelf room being back of the deliv-
ery desk. Also on the main floor are the
story-hour room, a small work room and the
librarian's office and staff room with kitchen-
ette. Semi-indirect lights are used through-
out. In the basement is an auditorium, with
outside entrance, seating 120 people.
Seattle. Mayor Gill recently attempted to
remove Miss Adele M. Fielde from the li-
brary board. In a letter dated March 23
and marked confidential he asked for her
resignation, to which she replied that as
she had every reason to believe her work
on the board was approved by the public,
and as her term of office still had several
years to run, she would in no case resign
"on a confidential or secret demand. It
is true that I openly opposed your elec-
tion as mayor," the letter, published in
the Seattle Post-Intelligencer, continues,
"and if you wish to retaliate therefor let
it be by an open and not a 'confidential'
demand. 'A public office is a public trust.'
I shall not immediately resign from the
public library board." In his reply, also
published in the same paper, the mayor
writes : "The reasons for your removal were
not political at all. I did not even know
that you supported Mr. Cotterill. In my
opinion there has been a consistent course
of favoritism in the public library board;
a large number of employes have been
brought from the East to Seattle, to the
exclusion of local taxpayers, and in the
appointing of employes, in my opinion, lo-
cal people have been discriminated against.
I think the salary of certain favorite em-
ployes are essentially too high, while the
salaries of minor employes are ridiculously
low. From what I can learn you have con-
sistently upheld this line of discrimination
upon the part of the librarian, and these
are my reasons for your removal, and I
shall this day file the same with the city
comptroller." In an interview on the li-
brary situation the mayor is quoted as
saying: "I understand that the board stands
4 to 3 to put through Librarian Jennings'
policy of paying easterners high salaries.
I will not approve such work. The tax-
payers of Seattle must be given preference
to outsiders. If the board undertakes to
recognize Miss Fielde as a member I will
appoint a new board of seven members."
402
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[May, 1914
OREGON
Portland. In the reference department of
the central library there has just been put
in place a beautiful memorial tablet bearing
this inscription : "In memory of John Wilson,
pioneer merchant of Portland, by the gift of
his own books, founder of this reference li-
brary, 1826-1900."
CALIFORNIA
Bakersficld. Three new branches to the
Kern County Free Library were added during
March, making the total number of branches
where books may be had, twenty-eight. The
new branches were established at Pond,
Inyokern and Isabella. Miss Harriet Long,
the librarian of the Kern County Free Li-
brary, says that within a short time over ten
thousand books will be in circulation through-
out the county.
Clovis. Official information has been re-
ceived by the trustees that the donation of
$7000, which was asked of the Carnegie Cor-
poration for a library, is to be given as soon
as the deed for the proposed site is secured.
The money will be turned over to the trus-
tees and definite time for beginning the
building will be set. Several plans have been
submitted, but as yet none have been decided
upon.
Long Beach. The resignation, on February
25 (recorded in the LIBRARY JOURNAL for
March), of Miss Victoria Ellis, for ten years
efficient and successful librarian of the Long
Beach Public Library, caused widespread
public regret and formal action of protest
by the City Council and numerous local clubs
and associations. Miss Ellis stated that her
resignation had been forced by the hamper-
ing and censorious attitude of the Library
Commission, which had made her position in-
tolerable. The commission (or board of trus-
tees) went into office on January i, with an
entirely new personnel, consequent on a
changed city administration, and did not for-
mally reappoint the librarian. On March 20
the commission issued an extended public
statement on the library situation, which in-
dicated that its dealings with the librarian
had been almost wholly through correspond-
ence, that no book purchases had been au-
thorized, and that the requests of the libra-
rian for supplies and for special books for
special students had been refused. On Miss
Ellis' retirement the commission appointed
Miss Courtwright, first assistant, in tempo-
rary charge of the library.
Los Angeles. A suit is pending in the U.
S. District Court here, brought by the gov-
ernment against the Pacific Library Binding
Co. (binders to the Los Angeles and other
public libraries), to collect a penalty of $2000
for alleged violation of the contract labor
law, in importing to Los Angeles in Decem-
ber, 1912, two expert bookbinders from Bath,
England. The defence is based on the plea
that the workmen are peculiarly skilled and
thus come under the exemption clause of the
law.
Oakland F. L., Alameda Co. Dept. Jean D.
Baird. acting chief. (3d rpt. — yr. ending
Je. 30, 1913.) Accessions 3892; total number
of volumes 9824. Circulation 44,968. Total
registration 3653. Receipts $15,397.32.
This county library system is carried on
through a contract made in 1910 between the
County of Alameda and the Oakland Free
Library. Sixteen stations are established.
Pictures and stereographs are exchanged be-
tween branches, and a radiopticon has been
purchased, with the aid of which entertain-
ments are given.
Sacramento. A proposal has been made
that instead of the customary silver service
a library be given to the gunboat Sacramento,
and the suggestion is meeting with approval
on all sides.
Sacramento. City Librarian L. W. Ripley
has filed a report with the city commission
dealing with the matter of accepting the Car-
negie Corporation's offer to provide $100,000
for a new library building. Mr. Ripley's re-
port gives estimated costs for a new building,
with suggestions as to type of building and
plans. The amount required to furnish the
building and several suggestions as to the
location of a new building site were also
incorporated.
San Bernardino. The San Bernardino
County Library began operations February i,
and over twenty branches or stations have
now been arranged for. The library work is
carried on from the San Bernardino Free
Public Library, Miss Waters, the county li-
brarian, being also public librarian. San Ber-
nardino county is the largest in the state,
covering 20,055 square miles, and has a popu-
lation of about 57,000, with about a dozen
good-sized towns and cities. In the great
desert section ten county library branches are
distributed among the scattered centers of
population, and the number will be steadily
increased as the county work develops.
May, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
403
San Francisco P. L. Robert Rea, Ibn.
(Rpt. — yr. ending June 30, 1913.) Accessions
14,980; total number of volumes in library
130,381. Circulation 852,592. New registra-
tion 21,673; total registration 41,016. Re-
ceipts $111,169.22; expenditures $72,631.05.
A table of comparative statistics in the li-
brarian's report shows how successfully the
library has been reorganized since the fire.
While there were in 1912-13 30,076 fewer
volumes in the library than in 1904-05, there
were 537 more card holders, and the circu-
lation was greater by 22,367 volumes. The
establishment of a department for municipal
reference is under way, to be housed in the
library building. The most notable gift of
the year was John C. Cebrian's library of
350 volumes of rare Spanish books. An in-
teresting gift of Californiana was received
from the superintendent of the San Francisco
mint. The only addition to the branch sys-
tem was the establishment of a downtown
station in the Emporium. This is maintained
without cost to the library and has circulated
more books than any other deposit station.
Santa Barbara. The California Library As-
sociation has offered a prize of $50 for the
best design for a name plate for the new
Santa Barbara library building, now being
erected.
NEVADA
Reno. With several prominent speakers
)resent, including members of the State Leg-
islature, the new University of Nevada Li-
)rary Building, authorized by the last session
)f the Legislature at a cost of $100,000, was
ledicated here March 4. The building is now
>ady for occupancy. University exercises
suspended, and the ceremony, which
at ii o'clock, was attended by both
students and public. Music was furnished
by the Men's and Girls' Glee clubs. The
speakers, who were introduced by Dr. J. E.
Stubbs, president of the university, included
Charles B. Henderson of Elko, for the board
of regents ; Librarian Joseph D. Layman for
the faculty ; J. I. Crazier, president of the
associated student body, for the students;
Senator W. J. Bell of Winnemucca, Assem-
blyman John J. Schorr of Wells, Robert M.
Price and Walter E. Pratt.
UTAH
Miss Mary E. Downey of Columbus, O.,
has been secured by the state board of educa-
tion to make a thorough investigation of li-
brary conditions throughout the state. Miss
Downey began active work early in March,
and by June i she expects to have covered
the state, inspecting all existing libraries,
school or public, and reporting conditions
with recommendations to the State Board of
Education. She strongly advocates establish-
ment of county libraries at county seats,
where books can be loaned out among the
various centers of the county. By basing the
system on the county unit, much better build-
ings can be erected for library purposes, the
same to be supported by special county tax.
Ephraim. Work on the $10,000 Carnegie
building was started early in April, and it is.
expected that the building will be finished
about September i.
Canada
Toronto. During the year 1913 three new
branches of the public library were opened,
Northern (North Toronto), Dovercourt
(Bloor and Gladstone avenue), and Earls-
court (Boone avenue). Books purchased
numbered 24,552; books cataloged for the ref-
erence library were 7997, and for circulating
libraries 25,549. Circulation of books among
children was 108,495. The greatest increases
in circulation were at Riverdale and Deer
Park branches. The largest circulation in
the city is at the College Street branch.
There were 190,747 books used in reference
library. The J. Ross Robertson historical
collection has been greatly added to and there
are now 1961 prints illustrating the historical
development of Canada. Visitors from abroad
as well as from the city and province to the
number of 36,000 visited the collection in the
historical room during the year.
THE LIBRARIAN'S MOTHER GOOSE
y. REGISTRY.
Bye, Baby Bunting,
Father's gone a-hunting
To find a little guarantee
That will serve for you and me.
—Rente B. Stern.
LIBRARY WORK
Notes of developments in all branches of library activity, particularly as shown in current
library literature.
General
Library Bibliography
LIBRARY LITERATURE
The collection and organization of profes-
sional literature: a suggestion. William
Pollitt. Lib. World., F., 1914. p. 225-228.
In recent years every department of libra-
rianship has advanced greatly, and the libra-
rian is expected to be highly trained. Con-
sidering the width of the field of study, the
library profession is decidedly poor in the
number of suitable text books. There is lit-
tle attempt to meet the demand for such
literature, except by miscellaneous articles in
professional journals.
To supplement the published works on
library economy, the suggestion is made thai;
in every large library members of the staff
should make an effort to collect the publica-
tions of other libraries whenever the oppor-
tunity presents itself. In this way catalogs
showing different forms of compilation, rule
labels and circulars, etc., would be brought
together and would form an interesting and
valuable exhibit.
Following the Library Association syllabus
of which Section V is "Library history,
foundation and equipment," with five subdi-
visions, the collection could be arranged on
the same scheme, and a different assistant put
in charge of each section. The collector's
name might be noted on the back of each
contribution, thus ensuring due credit to each
assistant.
The collection should be made a part of
the permanent collection of the library, but
managed by the assistants, who should make
their own rules concerning its availability for
home use. Circular letters might also be sent
to librarians reading papers at library meet-
ings, asking, if the article is not to be pub-
lished, if the manuscript may not be added
to the library's collection,
[The suggestions embodied in this paper
have been agreed to by the senior members
of the Leeds Public Library staff, of which
the author is a member.]
Library Education. Schools
INSTRUCTION IN USE OF LIBRARY
"During the years 1912 and 1913," says the
latest report from the Toledo, O., Public Li-
brary, "Miss Kountz gave instruction to 850
freshmen from the Central High School in
the use of the catalog, location of books on
the shelves and in a simple manner in some
of the points of classification. This was an
experiment which has been found to be highly
successful in bringing about a closer relation
between library and teacher and student.
One of the excellent results of this training
has been to give the pupils a greater freedom
in the use of the library, many having been
backward and even almost too timid to ask
questions. These pupils came to the library
a class at a time, accompanied by their teacher,
for the first school period, leaving at 8.30,
When the library is opened to the public."
Library as an Educator
VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE
Vocational guidance work is being under-
taken by an increasing number of libraries
throughout the country. In Binghamton,
N. Y., the vocational guidance committee has
headquarters at the library. "Its members,"
states the librarian, "have studied several lo-
cal industries and will submit reports as to
conditions and opportunities for learning a
trade in this city. The committee proposed
a plan for an apprenticeship system and
asked the Board of Education to offer a coop-
erative part-time industrial course in connec-
tion with high school work. Employers and
representatives of the skilled industries are
cooperating with the committee. On this
committee are represented the public schools,
the Chamber of Commerce and the public
library."
Scope, Usefulness, Founding
Library Extension Work
LIBRARY AS A SOCIAL CENTER
At a recent meeting of the Library Board
at Two Harbors, Minn., a plan was devel-
oped to organize a social center for girls in
the basement of the library, where all the
various useful arts and handicrafts could
be taught, free of charge, by competent in-
structors. The library board approved the
plan and unanimously extended their sup-
port by permitting the free use of the
rooms. Teachers have been secured to
give lessons in crocheting, art needle work,
May, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
405
basketry and weaving, and plain sewing.
Seventy-three members were secured at the
first meeting, and it is expected that the total
enrolment will be over 100. It is hoped that
a similar movement will be started among
the boys for instruction along the lines of
manual training.
PHONOGRAPH CONCERTS
A phonograph has been purchased for the
library at Hibbing, Minn., and a concert will
be held every Sunday afternoon between 5
and 6 o'clock.
EXHIBITS
The Botanical Department of the Univer-
sity of Oregon has arranged for the Public
Library in Portland, Ore., a wild flower cal-
endar which is now on exhibition in the cir-
culation room of the central building. This
is composed of water color studies made
from nature by Mrs. Sweetser to illustrate
Prof. Sweetser's new book on Oregon flow-
ers. Studies of the wild flowers which are
in bloom will be on exhibition each week.
These will be changed from week to week
as other flowers appear in the woods.
A "better books exhibit," under the aus-
pices of the Publishers' Cooperative Bureau,
including a thousand of the "better books"
of the year, was held in the Public Library
of Fitchburg, Mass., from April 21 to May
2. Original manuscripts, together with draw-
ings and paintings were included. In order
to inform the layman just how a book is
made, the successive steps, from the original
manuscript of the author to the finished
book, were arranged for exhibition. Under-
lying the exhibition of objects of literary in-
terest was the purpose of stimulating the de-
sire for increased reading of a better class
of books, among persons of all classes and
ages. It was also intended to bring about
a closer relation and a better understanding
between the publishers and the reading pub-
lic. The same collection has been shown in
Boston and Springfield, Mass. ; Cleveland,
O.; Brooklyn, N. Y., and Newark, N. J.
DEBATES
California State Library is advocating
that libraries throughout the state when
asked by high school students or clubs for
subjects for debate shall give consideration
to the subjects that relate to measures to be
voted upon this year by the people of the
state. The State Library, to help the cause
along, is planning to prepare lists of refer-
ences on some of the subjects that are not
already covered satisfactorily by up-to-date
bibliographies. The first list has been pre-
pared; its subject is "The eight-hour work-
ing day."
Library Development and Cooperation
LIBRARY USE OF PARCELS POST
Advantage of the new parcels post rates
for books has been taken immediately by the
St. Louis Public Library. Since March 20
any registered library user has been able to
order books from the Central Library to be
sent by parcels post. A deposit is made in
advance at the library to cover postage. One
cent for wrapping books is added to the reg-
ular zone rates. Orders for books are given
by telephone, by mail, or in person at the
library. In case the regular library card is
not available, a special card is issued. Books
may be returned by parcels post. No deliv-
eries from the central library to the post of-
fice are made after 5.30 p. m. To secure
quick service by telephone, the library user
mentions the words "Parcels post" as soon
as connected with the library. Including one
cent for the wrapper, the cost of having books
delivered in this way in the city and the sub-
urbs is six cents for the first pound, and
one cent more for each added pound. Books
weighing less than eight ounces are sent as
third class matter, at one cent for each two
ounces, with one cent added for the wrapper.
Founding, Developing and Maintaining
Interest
LIBRARY ADVERTISING
Here is an excellent hint from the Vermont
Library Bulletin: "If your library is not in
its own building with its name above the
door, but is in a rented building or a private
house or a store, is its existence and location
advertised to your townspeople and to strang-
ers by a sign of any sort?
"Might not the sign, read by people driv-
ing in for business, remind them that they
had planned to get a book for themselves or
for their children? Might it not call the at-
tention of others to the fact that their town
had a library, and interest them enough to
make a visit and see what books were there?
Might it not advertise the existence of a li-
brary— town or other — to the stranger pass-
ing through the town, and help to show him
the general interest that Vermonters take in
broad education through good reading.
"A simple sign would cost very little, and
would be a good investment."
406
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[May, 1914
BOOKLISTS
The Free Public Library of Louisville, Ky.,
has recently issued for free distribution a
series of reading lists for children in the
form of colored bookmarks, a different color
being used for each school grade. Each list
contains about fifty titles, and they are pre-
pared for the grades from the third to the
eighth. The library has also issued five an-
notated lists of fifty-volume collections from
the stations and extension department, and a
list of recent accessions in German. Whatever
the list, it is sure to have at the bottom the
reminder "When you see a book, think of the
Public Library."
"BETTER BABIES" BOOK LISTS
In a recent report Samuel H. Ranck of
the Grand Rapids (Mich.) Public Library,
describes what he terms "our better babies
slips," which, he says, are mailed regularly
to the mothers whose names appear in the
official register of births. The "better babies
slips" are issued under the general caption
of "Some books for mothers," and in the
list are some of the best known books on
the care of children by recognized American
authorities. Another slip which is sent to
mothers gives a list of magazine articles and
books which teach the value of clean food for
children, the necessity of fighting flies, and the
value of other hygienic precautions in guard-
ing the lives of children.
LIBRARY EXHIBITS — SAN FRANCISCO
A library exhibit for the Panama Exposi-
tion. Helen E. Haines. Bindery Talk, N.-D.,
- P- 3-4-
Remarks at a meeting of the Sixth District,
California Library Association, at Pomona,
Dec. 6, 1913.
There can be no question of the importance,
the desirability, of having a suitable library
exhibit at the Panama Exposition in San
Francisco in 1915. American library develop-
ment has been effectively presented at most
of the great expositions of the past. The
Centennial at Philadelphia, in 1876, saw the
birth of the modern library movement and
the organization of the A. L. A. For the Chi-
cago World's Fair, in 1893, the first A. L. A.
catalog was completed and the "A. L. A. li-
brary," representing nearly 4000 volumes of
the 5000 listed, was exhibited. At the
French Exposition in Paris in 1900 there was
an excellent American library exhibit. At
the St. Louis Exposition, in 1904, a model li-
brary, housed in the Missouri Building, was
established and run as a regular branch of
the St. Louis Public Library, and the first
supplement to the A. L. A. catalog was pre-
pared for, and first distributed from, the ex-
position.
Since exhibits in the past have presented
especially equipment (books, appliances,
methods) the one for 1915 might well empha-
size results, and show the very varied fields
of service to which the library is now ex-
tending. Of course all material prepared for
the Leipzig exhibit will be available for use
at San Francisco, and a good exhibit there
will make a splendid nucleus for the exposi-
tion in 1915.
A library exhibit in San Francisco. Alice
M. Healy. Bindery Talk, N.-D., 1913- P- 6-7-
The most desirable form of exhibit would
be a comparative exhibit such as was made
at Chicago in 1893, and at St. Louis in 1904.
Since any collection of library methods should
be designed to help the librarian of the small
library, the various schemes of classification
and all extant systems of cataloging should
be shown together there. An exhibit should
be made of reference books arranged in
groups, according to price, scope and useful-
ness. Libraries should contribute the forms
used by them, charging systems, accession
registers, registration systems, etc.
The three questions of advertising, exten-
sion and special libraries should have space.
A collection of library plans, with comments
on their good and bad points, might be
shown. Publishers might send collections of
books, with standard authors shown in vari-
ous editions for purposes of comparison, and
accompanied by a collection of publishers'
and trade catalogs and critical reviews. A
binding exhibit would be valuable, as well as
a display of office supplies and fixtures.
At the close of the exposition the State
Library at Sacramento should be the custo-
dian of all material that does not have to be
returned to the consignors.
Suggestions for library exhibit at San
Francisco. Joseph L. Wheeler. Bindery
Talk, N.-D., 1913. p. 4-5.
The San Francisco Exposition is cne of
the greatest opportunities that have ever been
offered for placing library ideals and meth-
ods before the general public. With this in
mind, the following suggestions are offered :
It would be very desirable to have as a
leading feature a real working library, actually
circulating books to the patrons and employes
of the exposition, especially as an effort is
May, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
407
to be made to have all exhibits emphasize
typical working conditions. No doubt the
publishers would supply the books for the
sake of the publicity, and possibly makers of
library furniture would help in the equip-
ment. A model of the state of California,
showing the county system in operation, and
a model library for a small village would
be of great interest.
A great opportunity for newspaper public-
ity is offered, and deposit collections of books
placed in the exhibits of manufacturers, so-
cial workers, schools, etc., would reach the
attention of many who might not otherwise
be attracted to the library exhibit. A set of
"A. L. A. standard sizes," if suggested to
the officials, would doubtless be followed by
exhibitors, thus calling the attention of busi-
ness people to another function of the A. L.
A. The use of moving pictures, showing pa-
trons borrowing and returning books, the chil-
dren's rooms and other features of large and
sroaH'' libraries would attract attention, as
would other pictures showing the use of
books under very varied conditions.
COOPERATION WITH NORMAL SCHOOL STUDENTS
One way in which librarians and students
who are taking teachers' training courses may
cooperate is indicated in what the Wisconsin
Library Bulletin says about a plan that is be-
ing tried in that state:
"In a number of towns the librarian has
secured the cooperation of the county teach-
ers' training class in conducting the story
hour at the library. The supervisors have
welcomed the work as offering additional
practise of a sort difficult to secure in suffi-
cient amount for their students. At Chip-
pewa Falls the students in the teachers'
course at the high school take turns telling
the stories, selected by the librarian. The in-
structor in charge has each student rehearse
to her and is very glad for the class to have
the work to do."
Libraries and the State
MUNICIPAL LIBRARY EXPENDITURES
The United States Census "Financial sta-
tistics of cities," just published, gives statis-
tics of 193 cities for the year 1911. These
include the following interesting data regard-
ing municipal libraries :
Per cent.
Average of total Expendi-
expen- municipal ture per
Cities Population ditures expenditure capita
8 500,000 and over.. 352,114 .2 .24
10 300,000 to 500,000. 40,314 .4 .26
35 100,000 to 300,000. 33,799 -5 .21
56 30,000 to 100,000. 12,094 -4 .17
84 30,000 to 50,000.. 6,960 .6 .18
Library Support. Funds
CARNEGIE LIBRARY GIFTS
An editorial in The Librarian and Book
World for February, 1914, concludes from
"various signs and portents" that the heyday
of the Carnegie Library in Great Britain has
passed. The Dunfermline trust has a capi-
tal of £2,000,000. The trustees, may use the
interest of this fund for the distribution of
libraries and organs, but they need not. The
income for the next two years has already
been promised, and the trustees give the
warning to expect nothing at present with
an emphasis that is considered suggestive.
More, the services of an eminent professor
have been secured to make an independent
inquiry into the value of these library gifts
to the community. The hope is expressed
that the Library Association has taken the
necessary steps to present a complete case
for the libraries in this investigation, in or-
der to ensure a just report on the library
situation in England.
Government and Service
Staff
PROBATIONERS
A new method of selecting probationers
for appointment to the lowest grade of the
service (Grade D) was inaugurated by the
New York Public Library during the later
part of 1913, as the existing system failed to
meet the needs of the circulating department.
In place of the written examinations for ad-
mission to probation, conducted by the Li-
brary School, the preliminary selection of
candidates under the new method is made
on the basis of informal interviews with
members of a so-called Committee on Exami-
nations, with a view to determining as far
as possible at the outset the personal fitness
of each applicant for library work. In ad-
dition to the interviews with members of this
committee, each candidate is required to sub-
mit, as part of her application, credentials of
a high school education, or its equivalent.
The real test of the candidates thus se-
lected comes during the period of probation-
ary training, which consists of supervised
practice under actual working conditions in
four circulation branches, one month being
spent at each branch. A limited amount of
supplementary reading and study along special
lines is also required, and brief tests on the
various phases of the work are given at in-
408
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[May, 1914
tervals. The record of each probationer is
carefully followed and those who fail to
maintain the required standard of work dur-
ing their terms are dropped. The period of
probationary training may be shortened from
the customary four months in the cases of
candidates who show such aptitude for library
work as to justify earlier appointment to the
staff. There are no definite dates for admis-
sion to probation, candidates being allowed
to begin at almost any time during the year,
except in summer.
This plan of probationary training has been
adopted experimentally and it is expected
that certain modifications will be made as cir-
cumstances require.
Remuneration, Salaries, Pensions
SALARIES
A minimum wage for certificated library
assistants. Ernest A. Savage. Lib. World,
F., 1914. p. 228-232.
An admittedly controversial article advo-
cating the adoption of a minimum wage for
certificated assistants. For several years li-
brary committees have been offering these
assistants with public library experience
wages varying from 203. to 305. a week. It
should be possible to tell these authorities
that less than a certain salary is not to be
offered to certificated men and women. The
writer believes that libraries will eventually
come under control of the Board of Educa-
tion, and thinks this matter should be settled
before the change comes.
Since 'the certificated assistants are the
Library Association's special product, he main-
tains that they should be its special care.
The association promises advancement to as-
sistants taking advantage of its courses.
When, to such students, wages of an unskilled
laborer are offered, the association should
protest, and to the fact that it does not is
ascribed the dwindling attendance at the
classes in London. "Everything relating to
libraries, even low salaries, should be the
business of the association and its commit-
tees." In the meantime, the present situation
is doing injury to every librarian by lower-
ing the calling in public estimation.
Rules for Readers
General
RESTRICTIONS ON READERS
In an article on "What our university
lacks," written by a student of the University
of California, for the February issue of
The Overland Monthly, there is a severe ar-
raignment of the restrictions surrounding the
various courses in the college curriculum,
and the many ways in which the work of the
students is hampered. Of the college library
he says:
"I thought that I could study in the library,
where, if anywhere, the books could be seen
by the students. What was my surprise to
learn that the books are kept locked; there
is no access to them, except to some especial
ones, mostly technical, kept in the reading
room. To get out a book involves so much
red tape, and takes up so much of one's
time, that it is a luxury most of us can ill
afford. The students rage at all this, of
course. They are told that books are lost
when accessible. What are our colleges for
— books or people?"
Administration
Treatment of Special Material
Music
The Public Library of Gary, Ind., has*
added to its collections some two hundred
rolls of music suitable for use with player-
"pfanos. These rolls of music will be loaned
out under their proper restrictions exactly as
if they were books. To encourage the study
of the standard composers and to create a
familiarity and a proper appreciation of their
works, a series of six free lecture recitals
are being given in the library auditorium.
These recitals are given by William Braid:
White of Chicago, who is well known as the
author of works on musical appreciation and
history, and as the technical editor for many
years of the Music Trade Review. The re-
citals cover the history of music under the
following headings: Music of our great-
grandfathers; Beethoven, the Titan; Chopin,
the poet; Wagner, the revolutionary; The
modern Europeans; MacDowell,' the great
American. At these recitals the music played
and explained is drawn from the library col-
lection, and is played upon the new piano
fitted with player mechanism which the library
has placed in its auditorium.
CLIPPINGS
In the summer of 1912 a clipping collection
bearing on the work of the documents division
of the New York Public Library was begun
as an experiment. It soon developed into a
useful tool and now has become indispensable,
paying for itself many times over in the in-
creased facility of service to readers. In the
Mav, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
409
beginning it was a clipping collection pure
and simple ; but as possibilities have mani-
fested themselves, any contributory material
has been included, and it now comprises book-
lets, circulars, pamphlets, letters, manuscript
memoranda, etc. The base of supplies for the
clippings is the newspaper room in the library,
which contributes to the division all the pa-
pers not kept for binding. The papers so
received come from all parts of the world,
and are in a variety of languages. Daily pa-
pers and trade journals are scanned for
notices of circulars, booklets, charts, etc. A
member of the staff visits all exhibitions held
in the city which are likely to yield material
for the clipping collection. Managers of out-
of-town exhibitions, commercial, banking, and
civic organizations have responded generously
to applications for literature. The material
obtained is mounted on manila backs and
the whole is kept in small vertical filing cases
and arranged by a simple classification.
In the case of controversial legislation, such
as the currency bill or the income tax measure,
clippings, pamphlets, monographs, magazine
articles, etc., are filed with the bill. What-
ever current material the division has may
thus be laid before a reader for his selection.
In connection with the municipal ice plant
inquiry, conducted by the borough president,
photostat copies were made of some of the
clippings.
Cataloging
CATALOGING CODES
Cataloging codes. Part iv (conclusion).
Maurice H. B. Mash. The Librarian, R,
1914- P- 239-241.
End of the comparison of rules in the
Anglo-American code and the Cutter code,
with the general conclusion that the former
is in general superior to the latter.
Classification
DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION (DEWEY'S)
The decimal classification as applied to
small libraries. Part i. William Gifford
Hale. Lib. World, Mr., 1914. p. 263-268.
A restatement of certain first principles of
classification. A small library is here defined
as one containing less than 10,000 books.
This often means one person in sole charge,
and all the books often shelved in one large
room. Limitation of funds makes book selec-
tion a nice problem, and a systematic classi-
ication shows at a glance which sections
>st need strengthening. A broad classifica-
tion, whereby all the books are divided into
eight or ten huge classes, will not give this
information. On the other hand, the Dewey
system, with its ten main classes, each sub-
divided into ten other classes, and these again
subdivided into tens, seems to the writer to
contain the solution of the difficulty, though
he sees no reason why the system should
end with these thousand subdivisions. He
considers the limiting of book numbers to
three figures a mistake, and advocates devel-
oping the system to take in five figures, if
necessary.
Reference Work
LIBRARY INFORMATION BUREAU SERVICE
Library developments and the Information
Bureau docket. G. W. Lee. Repr. from
Stone & Webster Pub. Serv. Jour., Ja., 1914.
8 p.
Books included in the Information Bureau's
equipment include works on engineering, rail-
ways, and economics, reports and proceed-
ings of societies, government documents (fed-
eral and state), bound periodicals, book and
magazine indexes, year books, encyclopedias,
dictionaries, directories, atlases and maps.
About looo a year are added, and 400 super-
seded copies are auctioned off each year, mak-
ing the present collection number about 6000
pieces. To vitalize this material there are
about 40,000 cards, besides a file of some 1500
stock-in-trade questions. There are seven
workers in the library to serve 600 people in
the building, who make about 1500 requests
for information a month. The general clas-
sification of the library, so far as practicable,
is geographical. For non-geographical classes
there are seven main divisions, with eight
and nine for occasional use. For classifica-
tion of periodical references a system based
on the Engineering Index is used, with deci-
mal numbers assigned to the primary divi-
sions, with mnemonic subdivisions. A card
index is also kept of the men in the office,
with the special subjects on which they can
give help. Three mimeographed sheets a
week, containing special lists and book an-
nouncements, are put out, with occasional
personal notes to various specialists. Many
blank forms are used, and a sample of each
new form is put aside on which to note de-
sired changes. A set of duplicate indexes
to many periodicals is kept, and is found to
be a great convenience. Horizontal filing is
preferred to vertical. The library is on
friendly relations with about fifty other li-
braries in the vicinity, and has two inter-
library workers. Various problems still re-
4io
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[May, 1914
main to be solved, as the best method of han-
dling transient material; how to keep track
of state publications and new technical books
so as to get into touch with them at once ;
and where to look for names of secretaries
and other officers of associations of all kinds.
The establishment of a clearing house of
dates of local events is urged, a register of
opinions of users of various commercial de-
vices, and a reference book "commission."
Loan Department
SELF-CHARGING SYSTEM
The open shelf system, under which
borrowers in public libraries are allowed to
go to the shelves and select their own books,
is now an established fact in most of our
large libraries and in nearly all of the small
ones, but the first instance where borrow-
ers are utilized at the desk in charging and
discharging their own books is a plan recently
tried by the St. Louis Public Library at sev-
eral of its smaller stations.
This "self-charging system," as it is called,
has so far been used only in stations where
a restricted class of persons have access to
the book shelves. The book collections here
number not more than three hundred volumes.
The borrower charges the book to himself,
according to directions which are conspicu-
ously posted over the shelves. His card, after
fastening to it with a rubber band the card
taken from the book, is dropped through a
slot; and the date on which the book will
be due is stamped in it with a rubber stamp
that hangs by a cord near at hand. Returned
books are slid into a box through a slot, and
fines are placed in an envelope and dropped
into the same slot. Cards for home use may
also be obtained by the same method.
An assistant visits the self -charging center
to record the issue and check off the returned
books, and to perform other necessary offices
in connection with the system.
Obviously such a system as this can never
be used except in a small station where the
users are all trustworthy. So far the St.
Louis Public Library has suffered no loss
from the use of the plan.
ISSUE OF BOOKS
Each borrower in the Somerville (Mass.)
Public Library may draw upon his card "one
novel, two unbound periodicals, and any rea-
sonable number of non-fiction." Seven-day
books, including current periodicals, become
due in seven days; novels not seven-day
books in fourteen days, and non-fiction in one
month. These regulations embody the fol-
lowing extensions: i. From one to any num-
ber of volumes of non-fiction. 2. From two
weeks to a calendar month ; students need no
longer bother with "special" and "teachers"
cards, and all borrowers enjoy the service
previously rendered only to "specials." 3.
Current periodicals from four to seven days.
LIBRARY PAY COLLECTIONS
How to run a book-club in connection with
a public library. Part i. The Librarian, F.,
1914. p. 251-253-
As a preliminary to the article, which con-
siders the subject entirely, of course, from
the English point of view, the statement is
made that "in the majority of cases it will be
found a great nuisance, and only the need of
the additional books or the additional funds
to buy books will justify it."
It is recommended that the members have
nothing to do with framing the rules, and
that it be run as a subscription department
or donation circle, thus avoiding liability for
the English income tax. Subscriptions
should be made payable direct to the library
and the books when purchased must be
regarded as the absolute property of the li-
brary, the length of time for their reserva-
tion for subscribers' use being variable.
The number of members, and the fees
charged, will determine the class of book
purchased. A large number of subscribers
would enable the library to make selections
from all classes of literature, but a small list
of subscribers would limit the purchase
largely to novels. Of three points to be con-
sidered (i) the fees, (2) the rules, and (3)
the methods of administration, only the first
is touched upon in this paper.
The fees must be at least as favorable as
in the most favorable subscription library in
the vicinity. Subscriptions should not be
taken for less than three months, and should
be payable in advance, and the receipt should
show that the subscription is paid direct to
the library.
Binding and Repair
BINDING
Summary of talks on bookbinding before
training class of Los Angeles Public Li-
brary. Bindery Talk, N.-D., 1913. p. 14-17.
Book sewing is first treated. It involves
two problems, fastening the leaves together,
and attaching a cover thereto. To fold the
sheets and sew through the line of the fold,
May,
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
411
produces the most flexible book, but durability
must also be considered in library binding.
The kind of sewing is determined by the
service expected from the books. In general,
most reference books should be sewed
through the folds, and circulating books by
what is called "library sewing." The general
method of the latter is to trim the back edges,
tablet them with glue, divide them arbitrar-
ily into sections which are pierced along their
binding edge and sewn together by hand.
Different kinds of stitches characterize the
different methods of library sewing.
Further strength is gained by sewing on
cords or tapes and the good and bad fea-
tures of such methods are here discussed.
The use of tapes in cloth-bound books espe-
cially is advocated. Methods of attaching
the covers are described. In some cases a
strip of cloth is sewed to the first and last
sections of the book, to be glued to the cover
or inserted in its "split boards." In books
sewed through the folds, on tapes, such form
of end sheets should be used as will provide
a flap of cloth to pass around the adjoining
section and be caught into the sewing. Some-
times a strip of cloth is placed down the
center fold of a section, especially the first
and last, to support the sewing threads.
"Forwarding" is defined to include trim-
ming, sprinkling edges, glueing up, rounding,
backing, putting on tubes, putting on leath-
ers and boards, siding, stamping corners,
pasting up and pressing. All materials are
prepared in advance and the books are passed
from one operative to another so that all
parts may be finished and the book put into
the press while all paste is still damp, so
that it may dry in exactly the right shape.
Trimming and sprinkling are intended to im-
prove the appearance of the edges of a book.
Glueing up, rounding, backing and putting on
tubes are processes applied to the backs of
books affecting both its looks and its dura-
bility. A fabric (either canton flannel or
canvas) is glued to the back of the book,
and in one of several ways is attached to
the cover. Split boards are necessary for
covers of heavy books, while smaller or
lighter books may be held by glueing the
tapes to the inner surface of the boards.
The distance the board is set away from
the groove at the back of the book deter-
mines its kind of "joint," the "French
joint," with a wide groove between the back
of the book and the board, being best adapted
for books having hard usage.
Libraries on Special Subjects
JEWISH BOOK COLLECTIONS
The scope of the Jewish division in the
light of library practice. A. S. Freidus.
Bull, of the N. Y. P. L., F., 1914. p. 104-107.
The establishment of the Jewish division
of the New York Public Library implied a
departure from usual library practice, as in
most schemes of library classification the
primary arrangement is by subjects. The
present method is not without precedent,
however, as a similar scheme has been fol-
lowed at different times in the past in Dres-
den, Berlin and Munich. The Cutter system
of classification also makes full provision for
those who may wish to arrange their collec-
tions by countries, with subdivisions by
subj ect.
At the present time there are reported to
be thirty-one general libraries having de-
partments of Hebrew books or manuscripts.
In the Bibliotheque Nationale, Hebrew manu-
scripts are kept together and placed at the
head of the Oriental collections, but the
printed books are scattered throughout the
different sections according to subject. Other
libraries distribute according to their subjects
works of Jewish interest written in modern
languages (Judaica), but keep together all
books printed in Hebrew type (Hebraica).
It seems to the writer poor library economy
to scatter the Judaica where the Hebraist
cannot assist in its care and use.
In the British Museum Library the only
Hebrew books not located in the Hebrew de-
partment are those belonging to special col-
lections and polyglot Bibles. The Guildhall
Library of London has a special collection of
Hebraica and Judaica. In Germany the
Konigliche Bibliothek at Berlin and the
Stadtbibliothek at Frankfort-on-the-Main give
their Jewish departments ample scope, and the
Universiteits-Bibliotheek at Amsterdam and
the Imperial Public Library at St. Peters-
burg have special Jewish departments.
The racial arrangement adopted for the
Jewish division of the New York Public Li-
brary is at the same time a classification of
the books according to their readers and
users. To accommodate the large Jewish
population of New York the division has
aimed to cover all branches of the encyclo-
pedic knowledge of Judaism and the Jews,
including a wide range of subjects, both
sacred and secular, and it has met with un-
animous and hearty approval of students.
412
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[May, 1 01 4
Reading and Aids
Work with Children
CHILDREN, WORK WITH
The child and the library. Angie E.
Tracey. Bull. Me. State Lib., Ja., 1914. p.
2-4.
A restatement of the first principles gov-
erning children's library work. The public
library workers of the present day must sup-
plement to a considerable extent the work
of the public school teacher, and consequently
every library should have a room set apart
for children, with some one specially sym-
pathetic with children in charge. The com-
munity must be studied in an effort to under-
stand conditions surrounding the children.
The library worker, unlike the teacher, has
all ages at all hours, and while a certain
dignity must be maintained, the children
should be made to feel at home and should
be allowed to browse around at will. Chil-
dren coming to the library for the first time
should be welcomed and helped to understand
the library, and made to feel that the libra-
rian is a friend. The use of the bulletin
board is advocated, and the story hour, in-
formal as well as formal. Quiet games to
play, dissected maps to put together and sim-
ple exhibits are also recommended.
REFERENCE WORK WITH CHILDREN
The students of the Waterloo (Eng.)
Boys' Evening Technical Institute, together
with a troop of boy scouts, paid their third
annual visit to the Waterloo Public Library
in February, the object being to bring the
boys into closer touch with the library. Miss
Fearnside, the librarian, gave a brief account
of the building and described the use of the
different departments.
To enable the students to become practically
acquainted with the library, a set of questions
were given to each, and those who wished
might compete for prizes given by the Li-
brary Committee and other friends. The
answers to all the questions were to be ob-
tained in some part of the library by consult-
ing the books, magazines, periodicals, papers,
maps, etc., that were to be found there. The
questions were many and various, and were
arranged to test the observation powers and
intelligence of the competitor, who became at
once a research student, and while looking
for the answer to his particular question
often discovered information that he had not
previously dreamed of, and at the same time
obtained a practical acquaintance with the
building. The following questions, selected
from many, will serve to show the character
of the competition, and the range of subjects
dealt with:
The number in the card catalog for books
about "Telegraphy" is 654. What books can
you find in it about this subject?
Find from the card catalog who wrote
"Treasure island," "Little Dorrit," "Lancashire
witches," "The three musketeers."
Find from the author catalog how many
works by Sir Walter Scott can be borrowed
from the library-
What is the name of the mail boat for
New York sailing from Liverpool February
21 ? Where did you find the information ?
What is the difference between a "dirigible"
and an "aeroplane"?
What is the meaning of the word "altru-
ism"?
Find from the exhibits in the museum where
the following birds make their nests: Kitti-
wake gulls, coots, larks?
Character of Reading in Libraries
BOOKS AND READING
How to get the best books read. E. T.
Canon. Pub. Libs., Mr., 1914. p. 96-98.
Miss Canon is librarian of Colorado College.
She says: "I feel very strongly that if the
reading habit is not formed in college (if it
has not been formed before) that it has small
chance of ever being formed. ... I am con-
vinced of one thing — that the very best way
to get books read is to read them ourselves.
"I am going to direct my remarks to library
assistants for two reasons — because head li-
brarians do not need to be told to read, and
because the assistant meets more people over
the desk in the day's work than the librarian.
... All sorts of advertising, all kinds of lists,
will not in the main succeed greatly, if the
personal touch is withdrawn. So I say that
it is not enough that the librarian should read.
He and his assistants are the only paid liter-
ary agents in the community and they should
know books — old, new, good, bad and indif-
ferent." Miss Canon then discusses some
specific books that she has circulated with
success, starting with biography and passing
on to letters and informal essays. In closing
she says : "How shall we bring these books to
the attention of the readers, especially to those
with whom we seldom have a word? Bulle-
tins near the door, and the books listed
shelved near by; change the collection often.
Watch the people who come in and call their
attention to books along the line of their in-
May, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
413
terests. Publish annotated lists in the news-
papers, have them for distribution in the li-
brary, use them for book marks. If certain
books seem to be neglected, put them in a
conspicuous place.
"We cannot force people to read, but if we
can kindle in them the least desire, and can
pass on to them some of our treasures, we may
feel sure they will discover treasures of their
Literary Methods
Library Appliances
BOOK SUPPORTS
The New Haven Public Library has a very
satisfactory support furnished by the makers
of the stack, which fits in the turned front
edge of the shelf, is easily put in place, easily
moved and perfectly firm in use, and without
the thin edge which invites the injury of books
inadvertently pushed over it by the public.
It is quite likely that the manufacturers of
steel stacks can furnish similar satisfactory
supports if the demand is made for them.
— Bull Bibl.
Bibliographical iRotes
The articles on the "Columbia Law Li-
brary and its work," written by Frederick C.
Hicks, assistant librarian at Columbia Uni-
versity, which were originally printed in the
Columbia Alumni News, have now been re-
printed in pamphlet form.
A reprint has just been made by G. E.
Stechert & Co., of Roorbach's "Bibliotheca
Americana," volume IV. Most copies of
Roorbach that have come into the market
have lacked this fourth volume, the scarcity
being due to the fact that the stock of the
original edition seems to have been sent by
mistake to the paper mill.
The Charity- Organization Society an-
nounces that it will supply without charge
to libraries, copies of the "Charities directory
of the City of New York," so long as the
present supply lasts, for the years 1907-1913
inclusive. Each request should enclose six
cents in stamps for each volume ordered to
cover parcels post. Address "The Charity
Organization Society, 105 East Twenty-
second street, New York City."
The lectures which were first given by
Arthur E. Bostwick before the training class
of the Brooklyn Public Library, and after-
ward in the New York and St. Louis public
libraries, have now been gathered together
and published in a little volume called "Ear-
marks of literature," with the McClurg im-
print. The things that make good books
good are discussed, and the nature of litera-
ture, the characteristics of literary style, the
structure, appreciation, preservation, and
ownership of literature, are among the
matters taken up.
A reference book of value to every libra-
rian, in these days of universal interest in
the stage and concert hall, is the new "Who's
who in music and drama." The book is
edited by Dixie Hines and Harry Prescott
Hanaford, and is published by Mr. Hanaford,
whose offices are in the Knickerbocker The-
ater Building, in New York City. Of its
560 pages, 317 are devoted to biographies
of the notable men and women in music
and drama. The rest of the volume contains
the record of first-night casts of new plays
and important revivals produced in New
York from June I, 1910, to August 30,
1913, numbering 503 such productions, an in-
dex to the players taking part in them, and
the casts of all operas produced at the Met-
ropolitan Opera House, and of the Chicago
and Boston Grand Opera companies for
1910-1913.
The New York Times has started on the
second volume of its Index, which furnishes
"a master-key to all newspapers," while in-
dexing every item of news appearing in its
own columns. In each entry the date of
issue is given, then the number of the page
and the number of the column, assuming
that the columns are numbered i to 8, from
left to right. A list of the libraries and
institutions in the United States and in for-
eign countries which have authorized the
announcement that files of the Times are kept
by them, is included in the volume, and new
names are added at the first of every quar-
ter. The Index is published quarterly in pa-
per covers for $6 per annum, and in cloth
covers for $8 per annum.
The November, 1913, issue of the Library
Miscellany, the library quarterly published in
Baroda, India, is a convention number. The
English section contains a detailed report of
"library week" at Lake George, which was
attended by Mr. Kudalkar, the new head of
the Baroda Library system. Several of the
papers there presented are reprinted in full,
414
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[May, 1914
together with an interview with Dr. Melvil
Dewey. There is also an appreciation of
Rabindra Nath Tagore, and a report of the
English Library Association meeting at
Bournemouth, with summaries of most of
the papers and the president's address re-
printed in full. To make the Miscellany
appeal to a wide class of readers in its own
country, sections are each month printed in
Gujarati and Marathi. In the November
number are portraits of the Maharaja Gaik-
war of Baroda, Mr. Kudalkar, Dr. Dewey,
and Miss Hitchler, and views of Lake
George and the Hotel Sagamore.
RECENT BIBLIOGRAPHIES
GENERAL
BOOKS of 1913; cumulated from the Book Bulletin
of the Chicago Public Library. 161 p.
A LIST for small libraries; selected from books of a
year. Issued by West. Mass. L. C. 4 p.
A SELECTED list of books recommended by the On-
tario Library Association. . . . Parts in, iv. On-
tario, Dept. of Educ., 1913. 23 p.; 46 p.
SUBJECT BIBLIOGRAPHIES
ALFALFA
Alfalfa. Riverside (Cal.) P. L. 45 p. 25 c.
(Bull. 80.)
AMERICANA
Americana: 2000 books, pamphlets, maps and
manuscripts relating to the American continent. . . .
Philadelphia, Franklin Bookshop. 138 p. (Catalog
no. 30, 1914.)
Catalogue of the Marshall Americana, printed
and in manuscript. Amer. Art Assn. unpaged.
[1072 nos.]
Rare and scarce Americana: state, county and
town history, genealogy. . . . Stan. V. Henkels.
96 p. (Catalog no. 1101.)
ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY
Sackett, Leroy Walter. The Canada porcupine;
a study of the learning process. Henry Holt, 1913.
3 p. bibl. $1.15. (Behavior monographs.)
ARCHITECTURE
Briggs, Martin Shaw. Baroque architecture.
McBride, Nast & Co. bibls. $5 n.
ASIA — FLORA
Lloyd Library of Cincinnati. Bibliography of the
flora of Asin. July, 1913. 29 p.
BYRON, GEORGE GORDON NOEL, Lord.
Byron's Childe Harold; cantos in and iv; The
prisoner of Chillon, and 9ther poems. Holt, 1913.
4 p. bibl. 35 c. (English readings for schools;
edited by W. L. Cross.)
CHARITIES
List of works relating to the dept. of charities,
New York City, in the Municipal Reference Library
of the city of New York. Part i. F., 1914.
broadside.
CHEMISTRY
Bailey, Edgar Henry Summerfield. A text-book
of sanitary and applied chemistry; or, the chemistry
of water, air, and food. 3. ed. rev. Macmillan,
1913. 9 p. bibl. $1.40.
Bayliss, Wm. Maddock. The nature of enzyme
action. 3. ed. rev. and enl. Longmans, Green &
Co. 18 p. bibl. $1.50 n. (Monographs on bio-
chemistry.)
CHILDREN, ABNORMAL
Abnormal and backward children. (In Soc. Serv.
Bull of P. L. of Dist. of Columbia, Mr., 1914-
2 p.)
ClVIL SERVICE REFORM
Women's auxiliary to the Civil Service Reform
Assn. Bibliography on civil service reform and
related subjects. 3. ed. 1913. 72, xxvi p.
CIVIL WAR
Library of the late Major Wm. H. Lambert.
Part in, Civil War. Metropolitan Art Assn. 127 p.
CLASS ROOM LIBRARIES
Schaub, Emma, comp. Catalog of class room li-
braries for public schools. Issued by the Public
School Library, Columbus, O., under direction of
the Board of Education. 376 p.
CONSERVATION, HUMAN
Human conservation. Kansas City (Mo.) P. L.
87 p. (Special library list no. 7.)
DRAMA
Assn. of Neighborhood Workers — Arts and Fes-
tivals Committee. A guide and index to plays, fes-
tivals, and masques, for use in schools, clubs, and
neighborhood centers. Harper, 1913. 4 p. bibl.
25 c.
DRY FARMING
Dry farming. Riverside (Cal.) P. L. 10 p.
(Bull. 40.)
ECONOMICS
Mathews, Frederic. Taxation and the distribu-
tion of wealth; studies in the economic, ethical and
practical relations of fiscal systems to social organ-
ization. Doubleday, Page & Co. 6# P- bibl.
$2.50 n.
EDUCATION
Bibliography of education for 1910-11. Gov. Pr.
Off. 105 p. (U. S. Bur. of Educ. Bull., 1913, no.
59. Whole no. 570.)
Boy kin, James C., and Hood, William R. Legis-
lation and judicial decisions relating to education.
Oct. T, 1909, to Oct. i, 1912. Gov. Pr. Oft'., 1913-
(U. S. Bur. of Educ. Bull., 1913, no. 55. Whole
no. 566.)
Compulsory school attendance. Gov. Pr. Off.
4 p. bibl. (U. S. Bur. of Educ. Bull., 1914, no. 2.
Whole no. 573-)
Foght, Harold W. The educational system of
rural Denmark. Gov. Pr. Off. 2 p. bibl. (U. S.
Bur. of Educ. Bull., 1913, no. 58. (Whole no.
569.)
Graves, Fk. Pierrepont. A history of education
in modern times. Macmillan, 1913. bibls. $1.10 n.
The six year high school plan. [List of refer-
ences in Trenton (N. J.) Public Library.] (In lib.
column of Trenton Evening Times; Feb. at.)
Special reading list on education. (In Bull, of
the Salem [Maw.] P. L. Mr., 1914- 3 P-)
Catalogue of a selection of books relating to the
near East, especially on Egypt and Egyptian archae-
ology. . . . London, Francis Edwards. 44 p.
(No. 334.)
ENGINEERING — RAILROAD
Past presidents and subjects discussed during their
administration, 1893-1913. (In Proceedings of the
2ist annual meeting of the Traveling Engineers
Assn., Chicago, Aug. 12-16, 1913- P- 9-23-)
ENGLAND
Catalogue of books on English topography. . .
London, Henry Sotheran & Co. 112 p. (No. 46.)
Oman, Chas. Wm. Chadwick, ed. A history of
England in 7 v. v. 3, England in the Middle
Ages, by Kenneth H. Vickers. Putnam. 9 p. bibl.
$3 n.
ENGLISH LITERATURE
A catalogue of books in English literature and
history. Part iv., Skelton— Z. London, Quantch.
p. 289-350. (No. 329.)
Early English literature, prior to 1700. Maggs
Bros. 116 p. (No. 321.)
Eugenics; a selected bibliography. (In Bull.
Russell Sage Found. L., F., 1914- 3 P-)
May, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
415
EURIPIDES
Murray, Gilbert, i.e., George Gilbert Aime. Eu-
ripides and his age. Henry Holt, 1913. 4 p. bibl.
50 c. n. (Home university lib.)
FICTION
Ashraun, Margaret, ed. Modern short-stories; ed-
ited with an introduction and with biographies and
bibliographies. Macmillan. 12 p. bibl. $1.25.
FINE ARTS
Fine arts; a short list. Riverside (Cal.) P. L.
16 p. (Bull. 90.)
FIRE PREVENTION
Publications on the subjects of fire prevention and
fire protection available in the files of the National
Protection Assn., correct to June i, 1913. 70 p.
HALL, G. STANLEY
Wilson, Louis N. G. Stanley Hall; a sketch.
G. E. Stechert. 26 p. bibl. $1.25 n.
HAMILTON, ALEXANDER
Catalogue of a collection of books relating to
Alexander Hamilton. ... C. F. Libbie & Co.
100 p.
HAUPTMANN, GERHART
Holl, Karl. Gerhart Hauptmann; his life and
his work, 1862-1912. McClurg. 3^2 p. bibl. $i n.
HEROISM
Foster, Warren Dunham, ed. Heroines of mod-
ern religion. Sturgis & Walton, 1913. 3J4 P- bibl.
$1.50 n. (Modern heroines ser.)
New York Public Library. Heroism; a reading
list for boys and girls. 63 p. 2 c.
HOLIDAYS
A reference list on Hpllowe'en [sic]. Thanks-
giving and Christmas. Riverside (Cal.) P. L. p.
6-47. 15 c. (Bull. 120.)
HOME ECONOMICS
Bibliography of home economics literature. (In
Jour, of Home Economics, O., 1913. p. 350-354.)
HOUSE ORGANS
Watkins, Sloan Duncan, comp. List of 100
house-organs received by the applied science dept.
... (In Bull, of St. Louis P. L., Mr., 1914. p.
68-70.)
ICELAND
Herrmannsson, Halldor, comp. Catalogue of the
Icelandic collection bequeathed by Willard Fiske
[to the Cornell University Library], 754 p.
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING
McKeever, Wm. Archibald. The industrial train-
ing of the boy. Macmillan, 1913. bibls. 50 c. n.
IRELAND
Catalogue of a valuable collection of books re-
lating to Ireland, formed by Stephen J. Richard-
son, of New York City. Part 11. Merwin Sales
Co. 55 p. (No. 548 — 1914.)
JUVENILE DELINQUENCY
Elmer, Mrs. E. O. Reading list on juvenile de-
linquency, juvenile courts, and reform schools. (In
Bull, of Philippine P. L., Ja., 1914. p. 95-99-)
LABOR
Commonwealth of Massachusetts — Bur. of Sta-
tistics. Labor bibliography, 1912. Boston, Wright
& Potter, 1913. 71 p.
LIBRARIES
Richardson, Ernest Gushing. The beginnings of
libraries. Princeton Univ. Press. 5 p. bibi. $i n.
Tracey, Catharine S., comp. Bibliographic der
Amerikanischen Bibliotheken, 1904-1913. (In Bull.
N. Y. L. C., Mr., 1914. p. 3-7.)
MANUSCRIPTS
Swem, Earl G., comp. A list of manuscripts re-
cently deposited in the Virginia State Library by
the state auditor. Richmond, Davis Bottom. 32 p.
MAXIMILIAN
Martin, Percy Falcke. Maximilian in Mexico;
the story of the French intervention, 1861-67.
Scribner. 7 p. bibl. $5.25 n.
MEXICO
The library of Paul Wilkinson of Mexico City:
books relating to Mexico. Anderson Auction Co.
81 p. (No. 1020 — 1914.)
MILTON, JOHN
Spaeth, Sigmund Gottfried. Milton's knowledge
of music; its sources, and its significance in his
works; a dissertation presented to the faculty of
Princeton Univerity in candidacy for the degree of
doctor of philosophy. G. Schirmer. 4 p. bibl. $i n.
MUNICIPAL AFFAIRS
Dover (N. H.) Public Library. Books relating to
municipal affairs. 2 p.
MUNICIPAL HISTORY
Gross, Charles. A bibliography of British mu-
nicipal history, including gilds and parliamentary
representation. Harvard Univ. Press. 461 p.
$2.50. (Harvard hist, studies, vol. v.)
NAPOLEON I
The Napoleon collection formed by William T.
Latta, of Philadelphia, Pa. Part in. The Ander-
son Galleries, p. 399-514.
Unpublished correspondence of Napoleon I., pre-
served in the War Archives; published by Ernest
Picard and Louis Tuetey; tr. by Louise Seymour
Houghton. 3 v. Duffield, 1913. 4 p. bibl. $15 n.
PARCELS POST
Phelps, Edith M., comp. Selected articles on
the parcels post. 2 ed. rev. White Plains, N Y.,
H. W. Wilson Co., 1913. 12 p. bibl. $i n. (De-
baters' handbook ser.)
PARISH REGISTERS
Gray's parish register catalogue; containing parish
registers, college and school registers, family his-
tories, and records of the British army. Acton,
London, Eng.: Henry Gray. 45 p. (no. 2.)
PENSIONS.
Sies, R. W. Teachers' pensions in Great Britain.
2 p. bibl. (U. S. Bur. of Educ.- Bull., 1913, no.
34. (Whole no. 544.)
PHILOLOGY
Hurwitz, Solomon Theodore Haleyy. Root-deter-
minatives in Semitic speech; a contribution to Sem-
itic philology. Lemcke & Buechner, 1913. 7^2 p-
bibl. $1.50 n. (Columbia Univ. contributions to
oriental history and philology.)
PHOTOGRAPHY
Some recent books on photography. (In Bull, of
St. Louis P. L., Mr., 1914. p. 67.)
PROBATION
Literature published by the State Probation Com-
mission. (In Manual for probation officers. N. Y.
State Probation Commission, 1913. p. 243-245.)
PUBLIC HEALTH
List of works relating to public health in the
Municipal Reference Library of the city of New
York. F., 1914. broadside.
RELIGION
Taylor, Graham. Religion in social action; with
an introduction by Jane Addams. Dodd, Mead &
Co., 1913. 21 p. bibl. $1.25 n.
SCHOOLS, MORAL TRAINING IN
A brief bibliography on moral training in the
schools. (In The Gospel of the Kingdom, O., 1913-
p. 158.)
SCOTLAND.
Johnstone, Ja. F. Kellas. A concise bibliography
of the history, topography, and institutions of the
shires of Aberdeen, Banff, and Kincardine. Part i.
(In Aberdeen Univ. Lib. Bull., O., 1913- P. 73-
120.)
SLAVS
Slavs and their European neighbors. (In Netv
Orleans P. L. Quar. Bull., O.-D., 1913. P- 116-120.)
SMOKE NUISANCE
Hohman, W. L. The bacteriology of soot. (In
Air.er. Journal of Pub. Health, N., 1913. bibl.
p. 1225.)
SOCIAL SCIENCES
Chicago Public Library. The social sciences;
finding list. 371 p.
Gillette, John Morris. The family and society.
McClurg. 7:/2 p. bibl. 50 c. n. (National social
science ser.)
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[May, 1914
SOCIAL SURVEY
Hamilton, W. B. Social survey of Austin. Univ.
of Texas, 1913. (Bull. no. 273; humanistic series
no. 15. bibl. p. 89.)
The social survey. (In Bull, of Russell Sage
Found. L., D.f 1913. 7 p.)
SPORT
A catalogue of ... books on horses, horse rac-
ing, fox hunting, steeple chasing, coaching, and
other outdoor sports, etc. New York, E. L. Wen-
rick, [n West 64th st] 62 p. (sss items.)
STERILIZATION OF CRIMINALS
Meyer, H. H. B., comp. List of references on
sterilization of criminals and defectives. (In Spec.
Libs., F., 1914. p. 23-32.)
TUBERCULOSIS
Jones, George E. Tuberculosis among school-
children. (In Pedagogical Seminary, Mr., 1914.
xxi 162-94.)
A bibliography of jo6 titles is given with this
article.
POSTMASTER GENERAL TO ADDRESS
THE A. L. A.
As we go to press word comes that unless
official business prevents, it is expected that the
postmaster general of the United States will
address the A. L. A. conference at Washington
on the subject "The Parcel Post," and particu-
larly the further prospects with reference to
book rates.
Communications
TAKE BOOKS TO READERS
Lake Placid Club. Essex Co., N. Y.
In the erliest libraries books were like
some notions of the kingdom of heaven, to
be taken only by violence. We hav broad-
end our ideas like circles in the water. This
is the genesis of accessibility.
(1) Books to be consulted only by a fav-
ord few.
(2) By any who paid the fee.
(3) Freely by all, but no book to leave the
bilding.
Then came loaning.
(1) To the favored few.
(2) To those who paid the fee.
(3) And then this splendid modern con-
ception of free as air or water to all.
Now we are in the third age of branch
stations and deliveries by wagons, motor, mes-
senger, express or mail. The new parcel post
greatly stimulated the bibliothecal imagination.
There is need just) now of a history in
bibliografy of these later efforts of getting
books easily to readers. Many libraries have
tried more or less experiments. Economy
and efficiency demand that we utilize the ex-
perience and experiments of others.
I send this note to the LIBRARY JOURNAL.
to urge your readers to send in by early mail
anything in print telling what, when, where,
how long, how successful, and if given up,
why, with notes on what is being done or
pland farther and what experience leads
each to think is the best method. Please
supplement what is sent in print by any
needed notes in MS. All this material will
be carefully digested and the results promptly
made available to all, with a bibliografy of
what students of the question will wish to
read.
Unles we stand on the shoulders of those
who have tried plans before we shal waste
time and money.
To save time, address all matter to Adolf
Law Voge, Library of Congress, Washing-
ton, D. C, who has consented to summarize
this material and prepare the bibliografy.
Please send your suggestions and experience
by erly mail, "lest you forget."
MELVIL DEWEY.
XtbrarE Calendar
May 14. Chicago Library Club, annual meet-
ing.
May 25-29. A. L, A., annual conference,
Washington, D. C.
June 15-20. California State Library Asso-
ciation, San Diego, Hotel del Coronado.
Aug. 3 1 -Sept. 4. Library Association (Eng-
lish). Annual meeting, Oxford.
Pursuant to the provisions of the Act of Congress of
August 24th, 1912 :
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
Editor R. R. BOWKKR
141 EM* 9Sth Si., N.w York Ctty
Managing Editor . . . FREMONT RIDER
141 E*»t 96th St., N«w York OHy
Business Manager. . . JOHN A. HOLDKN
141 Rut 16th St., N,w York City
The publisher and owner of THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
is the R. R. BOWKER COMPANY, a corporation, at
141 Bast asth St., New York City, with these stock-
holders.
R. R. BOWKER, 141 East 25th Street
A. H. LEYPOI.DT, 141 East 25th Street
JOHN A. HOLDBN, 141 East 25th Street
W. A. STEWART, 141 East 25th Street
FREMONT RIDER, 141 East 25th Street
There are no bondholders, mortgagees or other secur-
ity holders.
Suument to tht shore effect inbMHUd »nd gwoni U March 18th
1914. b«fur« RICHARD N. COTTBR, Notary PuHIc, by Jo« A.
Basin*** M«MM(*T.
PUBLISHER'S NOTE.— The office of THE LIBRARY
JOURNAL was moved May i from 141 East 25th Street
to 241 West 37th Street.
LEOPOLD DELISLE, HEAD OF THE BIBLIOTHEQUE NATIONALE FROM 1874 TO IQO5
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
VOL. 39
JUNE, 1914
No. 6
ONE of the great monuments to Dr. Bill-
ings is the library of the Surgeon-General's
Office, which first under his direction and
later under his policy became the foremost
working medical library in the world. The
proposal to transfer it to the Library of
Congress has led to an outcry from cer-
tain quarters in the medical profession
which is based altogether on misapprehen-
sion. The Library of Congress is now the
first working library in the world, though
only third in number of volumes, and the
national medical library would be no less
a working tool of the medical profession
if it were made part of the national library
than if it were kept under the jurisdiction
of the war department. It would remain dis-
tinctively a medical library, as the library
of the Smithsonian Institution, now a part
of the national library, retains its special
librarian and its distinctive character and
function. Indeed, under the present ad-
ministration of the national library, which
has made so distinguished a record as to
define future policy as well, there would
seem to be more assurance of continuity
for the national medical library on Dr.
Billings' lines of development than if left
to more haphazard conditions under suc-
cessive surgeons-general as an incidental
part of their office. It is in such cases as
these that the misnomer of the Library of
Congress instead of National Library leads
to misapprehension.
THE waste in government printing has
again been emphasized through an inves-
tigation by the House Committee on Print-
ing. The report estimates that a thousand
tons of printed matter, involving the de-
struction of a vast acreage of forest, cum-
ber costly storage space, that for the past
six years a million volumes a year have
been printed beyond demand, and that pos-
sibly $850,000 a year could be saved by
repressing "leave to print" and balancing
supply with demand through the supervis-
ion of an effective Joint Committee on
Printing. To which last the library pro-
fession will heartily say Amen. What is
needed is not a broadcast scattering of
printed matter to floo.d the waste-paper
baskets of constituents, but such organized
and liberal supply of public documents to
well equipped depositories, chiefly existing
public libraries, that demand may be in-
telligently and sufficiently supplied, with-
out waste. One document available on the
public library shelves is worth a thousand
copies recklessly distributed or a thousand
thousand stowed away in Washington. A
new printing bill has been prepared and
will be discussed at a round table meeting
at the conference, and it is understood
that the committee of Congress will be
very receptive of suggestions from the
A. L. A.
ONE of the most difficult tasks of the or-
der department in a library is to obtain
ephemeral publications "after the event,"
when it is discovered, too late, that a li-
brary lacks this or that number to complete
a series, or is deficient in some pamphlet
really important in the collection. The cam-
paign books of the political parties are
notable instances in point. These are im-
portant contributions to political history
and offer a mine of information and cur-
rent thought for future delvers. These
handbooks and other issues of "the political
parties are to be had for the asking at the
time of the publication, being issued by the
4i8
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[June, 1914
thousand or hundred thousand; but a year
later it is almost impossible to find them.
Another kind of publication of this sort is
covered by the inclusive name of "author's
books." Such books, whether printed for
the author by a printer who is not a pub-
lisher or manufacturer or by a publisher
who puts his imprint on them and gives
them the immediate benefit of his name and
selling organization, are many of them not
of value for permanent preservation; but
others are published in this wise simply be-
cause they lack commercial value, though
their literary or historical or philosophical
value may be of high rank. One of our
great libraries makes it a point to send a
letter to such authors the moment such a
book is published, inviting the donation of
the book, which such authors are for the
most part gladly willing to make. In the
case of local publications of an ephemeral
sort, it is peculiarly the duty of a local
library to gather them in and take a good
deal of pains to do so. These words of
wisdom are commended to the practical
consideration of librarians, both in large
and small libraries.
DESPITE all endeavors in cooperation
and coordination, there is still immense du-
plication of work in the library field. A
librarian, particularly in a leading library,
finds himself beset with questionnaires
oftentimes to the same purport as one he
has answered perhaps a week before, and
the result is either a seemingly discourteous
attitude toward questioner no. 2 or a waste-
ful duplication of work in preparing the
same statistics or the same answers over
again, with the slightest shade of differ-
ence. A statistician will put lots of work
into a set of figures which has likely enough
already been worked out by some fellow
member of the profession. Most of all, as
we have often pointed out, there is a very
great waste in the preparation of bibliogra-
phies and reading lists, especially on top-
ics of the time, which a library does for
itself when it might make use of a very
similar list already compiled or in prepara-
tion by others. A special function of an
organ of the profession, like the LIBRARY
JOURNAL, should be to prevent this duplica-
tion and waste ; and this is possible through
simple questions whether anyone has done
or is doing the work which the questioner
has in mind. We are always disposed to
give space to the results of investigations
which may be of interest to other possible
investigators, in the hope of preventing
such waste, and our columns are freely
open to our readers to this end. We hear
much of efficiency within the library, but
here is a larger question of efficiency and
economy which ought not to be overlooked.
MR. CARNEGIE'S deed of trust to his Dun-
fermline trustees, devoting $10,000,000 as
a permanent fund for the erection of li-
brary buildings and the supply of church
organs and for alternative purposes in the
interests of the people, of which the text
for the first time is printed in full, is in-
teresting as stating his motives for library
benefactions. He quotes Carlyle's dictum
that "the true university of our day is a
collection of books," and in that spirit am-
plifies his thought of providing reading for
the people. Coupling this with his brief
letter to the president of the American Li-
brary Association, which was reprinted in
facsimile in the LIBRARY JOURNAL for Au-
gust, 1913, we have a presentation of Mr.
Carnegie's library views, which are val-
able human documents. It may be said by
his critics that both documents are truisms,
but this is another way of saying that they
are statements of truth. Evidently Mr. Car-
negie's chief desire is to make plain that
he will not lend a hand in the pauperizing
of the people, but rather looks upon it as a
social duty to help people to help them-
selves. This is the true spirit of the mod-
ern library movement in very brief com-
pass.
THE BIBLIOTHEQUE NATIONALE
SECOND PAPER: ADMINISTRATION
BY THEODORE W. KOCH, Librarian, University of Michigan
WE have seen that Colbert had trans-
ferred the library in 1666 from the Rue de
la Harpe to one of his houses in the Rue
Vivienne, but this was soon outgrown and,
moreover, it was not sufficiently substan-
tial. The floors bent under the weight and
the walls threatened to fall out. When the
Hotel de Nevers in the Rue de Richelieu
became vacant in 1721, after the failure of
Law's famous bank, the Abbe Bignon at
once asked for it in order to install the
King's Library. He was so fortunate as
to obtain it by decree of council dated
Sept. 13, 1721, and by Oct. I he had begun
to transfer the manuscripts. The Hotel de
Nevers was the name given to that part of
the palace of Cardinal Mazarin which had
been inherited by the Marquis de Mancini,
the husband of the Cardinal's niece. The
present facade, which was reconstructed in
1878, is a copy of the old one.
The library to-day occupies the entire
block bounded by the Rues de Richelieu,
•des Petits-Champs, Vivienne and Colbert.
It is divided into four departments: (i)
Printed books and maps; (2) Manuscripts;
(3) Prints; (4) Medals and antiques.
I. Printed books. Two reading rooms
are used by the Printed book department —
•one called the Salle publique de lecture,
•entered from the Rue Colbert, open to
•everybody, from 9 to 4 in winter and from
•9 to 6 in summer, including Sunday; the
other, called the Salle de travail, entered
from the Rue de Richelieu, is open only to
those furnished with a card of admission
signed by the secretary. This room ac-
commodates 344 readers, each one of whom
receives on his entering the room a slip
which after filling out his name, residence
and seat number he must give to an assist-
ant. Books asked for on the call slips are
delivered to the seats indicated. No re-
quests for books are received within an
hour of the time for closing. On returning
the books at the loan desk the reader re-
ceives back his slip, duly stamped, which
he must surrender as he leaves the room.
Readers are not permitted to quit either of
the reading rooms with books, papers or
portfolios in their hands without a "laissez-
passer" from one of the librarians. The
walls of the Salle de travail are lined with
reference books. Exhibit cases containing
the most interesting books are shown in
special rooms, to which the public is ad-
mitted free of charge two days a week.
II. Manuscripts. The department of
manuscripts, the oldest section of the li-
brary, contains at least 100,000 pieces of
real significance and value. To study these
manuscripts scholars come from all parts
of the world, and the department gives dis-
tinction and preeminence to the library in
an unusual degree. The number oi vol-
umes consulted exceeds 60,000 per year,
and these are not merely the less impor-
tant documents, like those in genealogy,
but classical author, mediaeval writers,
both sacred and profane, poets and his-
torians of every period, and a great variety
of manuscripts touching on every phase of
national life. Few libraries possess richer
collections of Oriental manuscripts. There
are seven sub-divisions: i. Oriental; 2.
Greek ; 3. Latin ; 4. French ; 5. Modern for-
eign languages; 6. French provinces; 7.
Miscellaneous collections.
The first catalog of the manuscripts was
the one compiled by Nicolas Rigault in
1622, revised and completed in 1645 by the
Dupuy brothers. The general inventory ar-
ranged by Nicolas Clement in 1682 has
served as a basis of the classification of all
later catalogs. It comprised all of the
manuscripts in one series of numbers.
Numbers i to 1636 were assigned to Orien-
tal manuscripts, numbers 1801 to 3538 to
Greek manuscripts, numbers 3561 to 6700
to Latin manuscripts, and numbers 6701 to
10542 to manuscripts in French and other
modern European languages. While this
420
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[June, 1914
inventory answered for a long time, the in-
terpolations which it was necessary to
make, in the way of letters and sub-num-
bers, brought about great confusion. It
was necessary to copy it in 1730. About
1735 a new method was begun, and as many
series started as there were principal lan-
guages. The numbers from i to 6700 of
the old inventory were cancelled, but no
change made in the series of French man-
uscripts. The larger collections which were
afterwards received by the library re-
mained intact and formed special collec-
tions. The manuscripts which came one by
one were put into a collection of new ac-
cessions. This collection of new accessions
revised on a new basis at the beginning of
the nineteenth century gave rise to what
was called the "Ancien supplement,"
which, in turn, was put out of commission
in 1820, and in its place was substituted a
new series known under the names of
Greek, Latin and French supplements and
"Fonds des cartulaires."
III. Prints. In 1667 the Abbe de Ma-
rolles, a learned collector and writer on art,
offered to Louis XIV his collection of 123,-
ooo prints, and suggested the formation of
^ cabinet of prints which, said he, "should
not be unworthy of a royal library, where
nothing ought to be disdained." The 520
folio volumes presented to the king consti-
tuted the nucleus of a unique collection. The
Abbe de Marolles was practically the first
keeper of prints, and to his interest in the
work of the early engravers the library to-
day owes many of its treasures.
The print department contains more than
2,500,000 plates which are either bound up
into the 14,500 volumes contained in this
department or arranged in portfolios, which
number in the neighborhood of 4000. The
accessions come through gift, purchase and
copyright deposit. The department has a
budget of about 27,000 francs, out of which
must be purchased those rare plates which
may be lacking, and bindings paid for.
Gifts are the chief source of enrichment.
As the late Henri Bouchot said, the de-
partment could not buy many things at
the prices which coveted prints command
at present. Certain indispensable works have
taken two hundred years to reach the de-
partment, but they came at last in the
form of gifts. The department can afford
to wait, as it is there to stay and so can
bide its time. The popular taste changes
with time and prices for things that have
lost their vogue, but not their value, drop-
very perceptibly, and they can then be ac-
quired for a fraction of their former cost.
Some recent accessions to the print de-
partment have come under the semblance
of purchase, but at such nominal prices as.
to be more in the nature of gifts. In this.
category is a collection of 1800 volumes of
Japanese prints and the Ardail collection of
proofs of modern etchings. Among out-
right gifts the Paul Meurice collection of
portraits of Victor Hugo and the Alfred
Beurdeley collection of etchings by Zorn
deserve mention. About 60,000 volumes are
consulted annually by readers in the de-
partment. The majority of those who con-
sult the prints are workers in various fields-
of art, including skilled workmen, designers
and artists. The trifling dilettantes are in.
a decided minority.
IV. Medals and antiques. Francis I was
apparently the first of the French kings to-
conceive of the idea of a special collection
of gems and medals. He employed Italian,
artists at great expense to engrave cameos
and intaglios. Henri II and Catherine de
Medicis continued the collection, and
Charles IX conceived the idea of making
a museum of it. He moved it from Fon-
tainebleau to Paris, where he deposited it
in the Louvre in a cabinet specially pre-
pared for it. Unfortunately, the pieces thus
collected were scattered during the disturb-
ances at the time of the League. Henri IV
re-established the collection, but died in the
midst of his work along this line. Louis
XIV must be regarded as the real founder
of the present department. He gathered
at the Louvre all the medals and antiques
that could be found scattered through the
various royal palaces. Colbert united the
custodianship of the cabinet at the Louvre
with that of the guardianship of the King's
Library. In 1666 the cabinet was trans-
ferred to the new buildings of the library
in the Rue Vivienne, where it remained
9nnc, 1914] THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
B I B UOTHEQUE NATION ALE
421
Salle de Lecture (le-ret.)
Salle
(e n. c oris tructi OTI)
d'HonneTtr IP
J a r! 4 i n
eo^rapliie (i«?re
& rraprnue par Wagner i> Uebes. Leipzig.
422
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[June, 1914
until 1684, when it was transferred to Ver-
sailles. There it was placed near the apart-
ment of the king, who took pleasure in
visiting it almost every day after mass. In
1741 it was replaced at the library, where
it has since remained. Numerous catalogs
of the collection have been printed from
1819 down to the present day. The depart-
ment possesses about 200,000 medals, and
among the antiques are included gems, in-
taglios and cameos, small works of art,
glass, vases, arms and miscellaneous curi-
osities.
EARLY CATALOGS OF PRINTED BOOKS
Nicolas Clement took nine years (1675-
1684) to put in order the 35,000 volumes
which the library had at that time. He
grouped them into 23 classes, assigned the
class numbers, and arranged a classed cat-
alog which fills seven large volumes and to
which was added an alphabetical list of au-
thors. This catalog soon became inade-
quate. Clement took up the work and com-
pleted before long the second classed cat-
alog in 14 volumes, supplemented by an
alphabetical index of authors. This second
catalog listed in all some 43,000 volumes.
Of the 23 classes into which he grouped
the books ten remain to this day (F-K, M,
Q-S and V).
A Bible.
B Biblical commentators.
C Church fathers.
D Theology.
E Church councils. Canon law. Lit-
urgy.
F Civil and political law.
G Geography. Chronological and
general history.
H Ecclesiastical history.
J Greek and Byzantine history. Ro-
man history and antiquities.
K History of Italy.
L History of France.
M History of Germany, Switzerland,
Hungary, Poland, Russia, the
Northern countries, and Bel-
gium.
N History of England.
O History of Spain, Portugal, and
countries situated outside of
Europe. Travels.
P Historical miscellany. Biography.
Q Bibliography.
R Philosophy. Physics. Moral, eco-
nomic and political sciences.
S Natural history. Agriculture.
T Medicine. Chemistry.
V Mathematics. Astronomy. Archi-
tecture. Military art. Mechan-
ics. Fine arts. Mechanical arts.
X Grammar.
Y Poetry and fiction.
Z Philology and polygraphy. Myth-
ology. Emblems, etc.
The work done by Clement enabled the
library to run smoothly for half a century.
In 1719-20 a very minute inventory was
taken of the library. Clement had under-
taken to number not the works but the vol-
umes and to sub-divide each class into three
sections, each of which was devoted to
books of determined size in a manner so
that the volumes followed on the shelves
in the same order as in the leaves of the
catalog. He reserved here and there a
vacant number, so as to be able to insert
additional articles and under one number to
group the little pamphlets of the same
class, bound into one volume or kept to-
gether in a particular folio, so that the real
books were not lost in the midst of bro-
chures.
The question of printing the catalog made
by Clement was agitated abroad by an ex-
change of opinions between him and a Dan-
ish scholar, Frederick Rostgaard. Rost-
gaard claimed to have invented a new
method of arranging the catalog, which he
explained in a letter addressed to Clement,
dated Aug. 19, 1697. To illustrate his
method, Rostgaard chose Thucydides as
an example, because he possessed nearly
all the editions of this author. Rost-
gaard's scheme was to divide each page
into columns in such a way that by a sin-
gle glance of the eye one perceived at the
opening of a book on two opposite pages
four columns, two on one page and two on
the other, the first of these columns con-
taining folios, the second quartos, the third
octavos, and the fourth duodecimos and
smaller books. In this way Rostgaard was
able to arrange in four columns all the edi-
June, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
423
tions of Thucydides which he then had in
his possession. Clement in acknowledging
Rostgaard's communication was most ur-
bane, and compared it to the polyglot Bibles
where one sees at a single glance of the
eye several columns of texts and the orig-
inal versions — but he also saw some in-
conveniences in the scheme. He thought
Rostgaard's classification would be admir-
able if the books of each size and the same
matter bore a constant proportion to one
another. Nothing would be finer than to
see these proposed columns tally one with
another, as they do in the polyglot Bibles,
but Clement called attention to the differ-
ent sizes of the works of the historians of
Italy where the quartos exceeded the folios
in number by two-thirds, while in theology
the number of little books surpassed the
large and even moderate sized books. This,
it was argued, would affect the proposed
arrangement of the titles and it would no
longer be a catalog by columns. A catalog
calculated to occupy six full volumes would
be sure to run to twelve volumes, with
half the columns empty. The columns
which would be filled up would be just
those where there were more titles still to
insert. In theology, for example, the small
sized books not only greatly outnumbered
the large ones, but more of the small ones
were being published daily. The arrange-
ment of books on the shelves by size was
taken for granted as a prerequisite by
those interested in the matter in the early
years of the Bibliotheque Nationale.
THE GENERAL CATALOG OF PRINTED BOOKS
The first volume of the new "Catalogue
general" was published in 1897. Up to
date fifty-two volumes have appeared, car-
rying the alphabet into the letter "F." The
first volume contains a lengthy introduction
by Leopold Delisle, who was at that time at
the head of the institution, and this con-
tains so much of the philosophy of classifi-
cation and cataloging and of the history of
work along these lines that we venture to
summarize it at considerable length.
The catalog under discussion is one by
authors. The great advantage which is
usually attributed to a subject catalog, says
Delisle, is that on a given question it seems
to be able to give an indication of the
works which have the most interest, but
this advantage is indeed more apparent
than real. No matter how well it is made,
how far the system of cross reference is
extended, a catalog will never take the
place of a bibliography and will not dis-
pense with preliminary studies and general
information. By way of illustration, De-
lisle took the case of one working in the
reign of St. Louis. If he wished to know
what references there were in the depart-
ment of printed books, he would open the
catalog on French history at the section
Lb 1 8, which is entirely devoted to the
reign of St. Louis, and where there are
entered more than 200 different works re-
ferring to this period. If one thought,
however, that in this way he could get all
the important material on the field con-
tained in the library he would, of course, be
sadly mistaken. The fault is not in the
catalog. In making this catalog of the
Bibliotheque Nationale it was necessary, of
course, for the sake of completeness, to en-
ter a mass of publications which had no his-
torical value, and, on the other hand, there
was no mention made of many books which
are entered elsewhere, but are nevertheless
of the first importance for the history of
the reign of St. Louis, such as the "Recueil
des historiens de la France," tome 20, and
the following:
Chronicles of Matthew of Paris and
Salimbene.
Rymer's Foedera.
Rotuli litterarum clausarum.
Annals of Rainaldi.
L'Histoire general de Languedoc.
Collection of the Bollandists, etc.
The aim of a bibliography is to give in-
formation on the existence and even the
value of publications of every sort relating
to a particular subject: special books, ar-
ticles in encyclopedias, ®r in periodical col-
lections, and even chapters in general
works. A catalog answers altogether dif-
ferent needs: it ought above all to furnish
the means of knowing, without a long
search, whether a book or pamphlet of
424
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[June, 1914
known title is in the library; it ought, at
the same time, to indicate the class under
which this book or this pamphlet is found
on the shelves. The alphabetical catalog
is the only one which meets these condi-
,tions.
The system which groups anonymous
publications according to the first words of
the title is undoubtedly the most exact. It
leaves nothing to chance. In France it was
•sanctioned by the use which Brunet and
Barbier had made of it. It also had prece-
•<ient in the Bibliotheque Nationale. As a
.general rule, Delisle thought that this sys-
tem seemed to be the one which ought to be
adopted without the least hesitation. But
in the case of modern publications of an
official or semi-official character, memorials,
ordinances, statistics, etc., the rule has
been to enter these under the name of the
body or the office from which they emanate,
with cross references, of course, from the
names of the authors, compilers, or officials
whose names are attached. Delisle raised
the question, however, as to whether one
could not, or ought not, to apply a special
treatment to certain categories of older
anonymous publications, such as anonymous
letters which might possibly better be en-
tered under the name of the addressee
when known; occasional verse, elegies or
poetical addresses when anonymous or
emanating from a group of individuals
might be entered under the name of the
person in whose honor they were written
or under the occasion on account of which
they were made. Old romances of chivalry
might well be entered under the name of
the hero.
UNION CATALOG PROPOSED
In concluding his introduction, Delisle
spoke of the possibilities of a union catalog
for the great libraries, of Paris, a scheme
which he had cherished for years. Every
investigator who has not found a book at
the Bibliotheque Nationale has had to
make two or three trips across Paris to
assure himself as to whether one or the
other of the large libraries did not possess
the book in question. Delisle thought it
worth while to raise the question as to
whether a catalog of the Bibliotheque Na-
tionale might not be arranged in such a
fashion as to make it at the same time an
inventory of the books in the library of the
Arsenal, the Mazarine, and the Bibliothe-
que Sainte Genevieve. The Commission
of National and Municipal Libraries dis-
cussed these questions in 1893, an^ after
examining a scheme for a union catalog
of all the books possessed by governmental
libraries in Paris, reported that while it
recognized the service which such a
scheme would render to research, the
Commission did not feel able to recom-
mend its adoption. Delisle was of the
opinion that the question was only post-
poned, and that the publication of the cat-
alog of the Bibliotheque Nationale would
perhaps furnish a simple means of solving
the problem.
In order to illustrate the relation of the
Parisian libraries to one another, Delisle
took the name of Aristotle and found that
the Bibliotheque Nationale possessed in
May, 1895, 741 pieces entered under this
author. In the catalogs of the other li-
braries of Paris, he found 282 editions
which were not to be found in the Biblio-
theque Nationale. This meant that less
than three-fourths of the editions of this
author reported in Parisian libraries were
to be found in the Bibliotheque Nationale.
Of the Book of hours, the Parisian li-
braries contained 372 editions of which
260, or about seventy per cent., were at
that time to be found in the Bibliotheque
Nationale. By checking up Mile. Pellechet's
"Catalogue general des incunables des
bibliotheques publiques de France," Delisle
found that of 1680 books entered under
the letter "A," 1140 in round numbers
were represented on the shelves of the
Bibliotheque Nationale. Of the 540
which were lacking in that library, 190
were to be found in the provincial libra-
ries. In general it might be said that only
seventy per cent, of the fifteenth century
books known to exist in the public libraries
of France are to be found at the Biblio-
theque Nationale. The proportion would
be raised to 80 per cent, if the desired
titles from the Arsenal, the Mazarine, and
BIBLIOTHEQUE NATION ALE — JARDIN DES VIVIEN NES
BIBLIOTHEQUE NATION ALE — MAZARINE GALLERY
June, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
425
.Sainte Genevieve could be transferred to
the Bibliotheque Nationale.
In comparing the catalog of the Biblio-
.theque Nationale with that of the British
Museum it is seen that the former gives
fuller imprint and collation, usually includ-
,ing the name of the publisher and the num-
ber of pages. In the case of Slavic, Orien-
tal, Scandinavian, Dutch, and German ti-
tles the rule is to give a brief summary of
the title in French as a note to the tran-
, script of the title in the original. " The Bi-
bliotheque Nationale catalog is of a more
convenient size for handling than that of
;the British Museum, though not so well
adapted to the purposes of interlining and
interleaving. The larger page and briefer
-entries of the British Museum catalog en-
able one to take in more titles at a glance.
EARLY LIBRARY OFFICIALS
The Bibliotheque Nationale has had in
iits service many interesting and erudite
-officials, of whom we can, however, men-
tion only a few.
Nicolas Rigault was born at Paris in
1577, the son of a physician, and he early
.showed extraordinary talents in languages
and literature. An ingenious satire, com-
posed by him at the age of nineteen, made
'him acquainted with de Thou, through
whose interest Rigault was appointed to
a post in the library, where he succeeded
•Casaubon. His particular duty was to ar-
range the manuscripts, of which he com-
piled a catalog. In his will, de Thou en-
trusted the education of his children to
Rigault, who showed himself worthy of
this confidence. Rigault was quite a pro-
lific scholar and took part in numerous
lieated theological discussions. To his un-
tiring industry were due a number of Latin
translations of lesser Greek authors, nu-
merous political notes on various classical
'matters and several biographical treatises.
Pierre Dupuy, who was born in 1582,
through his talents and character earned
the friendship of de Thou and of Nicolas
Rigault. In collaboration with Rigault and
Jacques Dupuy he published several edi-
'tions of the life of de Thou. Pierre found
in his young brother Jacques a helpful col-
laborator. The latter, like himself, was an
assistant in the King's Library. Jacques
Dupuy will always be remembered in the
annals of the library by the legacy of
books which he and his brother had col-
lected, over 5000 printed volumes and
about 300 manuscripts.
Nicolas Clement was born at Toul in
1647, and was still quite young when he
was engaged by Carcavi to arrange and
copy the collection of memoirs which had
been gathered by Colbert. '"* In 1670 Cle-
ment was entrusted with the care of prints
and engravings. In 1692 he succeeded
Thevenot as sub-librarian. In 1706 Jean
Aymon, the adventurer, wrote Clement
announcing his desire to enter the church
and Clement received him in France, and
even entrusted him with the freedom of
the King's Library. Eleven valuable man-
uscripts were stolen by this renegade
priest, while others, even more valuable,
like the Bible of Charles the Bald, were
shamefully mutilated. Clement exercised
the greatest diligence in investigating
the extent of the harm done, and reclama-
tions were made but without result. The
library regained possession of but about
thirty leaves which were generously re-
stored by Lord Oxford and some pieces
cut from important manuscripts which the
British Museum liberally offered on ex-
change account. Clement was inconsolable
over this mishap and the chagrin which he
felt over the matter darkened the remain-
ing years of his life.
THE BIGNON FAMILY
The Bignon family was in administrative
control of the library from the time of
the appointment of Jerome Bignon in
1642 to the death of Jean Frederic in 1783.
So there was considerable warrant for
Villars saying in his report to the Na-
tional Assembly in 1795 that the library
had been reserved for certain privileged
families of which it seemed to be the in-
heritance.
Jerome Bignon, born in 1589, was, after
the execution of de Thou, nominated
"grand maitre" of the Royal Library. He
was an infant prodigy who published his
426
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
{June, 19146
first work at the age of ten, and who had
a number of works to his credit before he
was twenty. By that time, according to
one of his biographers, he had read every-
thing and had remembered it all ! He ac-
quired a great reputation for learning, was
known as the French Varro, but none of
his books are quoted to-day. Richelieu
was moved to appoint him to the post in
the library, not on account of any personal
predilection for the man, but because of
Bignon's reputation as a lover of litera-
ture, which was so great that Richelieu
felt that the public had already designated
him for the place in advance. When he
died in 1656 he left behind him, as Vol-
taire said, a great name rather than great
works. His epitaph describes him as the
favorite, the ornament, the exemplar and
miracle of his age ! Five years before
his death he had resigned in favor of his
eldest son, Jerome, whom Louis XIV ap-
pointed as his successor, and who held
office until his own death in 1672. He was
succeeded by his own son, Jerome 3d, but
the latter was more or less of a figure-
head, the affairs of the library during his
tenure of office being largely administered
by Colbert. On the death of Colbert in
1683 the Marquis de Louvois assumed con-
trol of the library and had his son Camile,
then a boy of nine, appointed King's Li-
brarian, and the latter held office until his
death in 1718, when the Bignon family
was again put in control. The new libra-
rian was the erudite Abbe Jean Paul Bi-
gnon, the younger son of Jerome 2d, whose
magnificent private library he had inher-
ited. The royal patent of Sept. 15, 1719,
appointing him to the office, speaks of the
satisfaction felt in thus honoring the mem-
ory of his father and grandfather, in en-
trusting to one of their descendants the
care of a library which had been so long
in their hands and which they had en-
riched with the fruit of their care. Un-
der the Abbe's direction there was made
a complete inventory of the library, taking
fifteen months for the work, and the li-
brary was reorganized into five depart-
ments: i. Manuscripts; 2. Printed books; 3.
Charters and genealogies; 4. Prints; 5.
Medals. Each department was put under
a special keeper, provided with assistants.
During the Abbe's administration the li-
brary increased very materially in size.
The Abbe disposed of his own private li-
brary of 60,000 volumes, the Oriental
books being presented to the Royal Li-
brary, so that he might give his whole
attention to his public duties and the care
for his private library might not inter-
fere with his attention to the great na-
tional collection entrusted to him. Dur-
ing his librarianship the library was re-
moved to its present home in the Rue de
Richelieu and for the first time it was
opened to the public. In 1720 men of
letters could claim the right to admission.
In that year the Abbe Bignon obtained a
decree declaring the library open to ''the
learned of all nations" at such times as the
librarian might appoint, and the library
could be open to the general public once
a week from eleven to one o'clock, but it
was not until 1735 that any such liberal
decree was carried out. After that the
library was open from eleven to one
o'clock on Wednesday and Friday, which
was the rule to the end of the eighteenth
century.
The reputation which the Abbe Bignon
enjoyed among literary men is shown by
the tenor of the letter which Voltaire
wrote him about 1730: "I beg you to have
the goodness to permit me to borrow from
the King's Library some English books
which I should not be able to find else-
where. I shall give my receipt for them
and I shall not fail to return them in a
month. I make bold to ask this favor of
you, Sir, the more freely because I know
that you have devoted your life to help-
ing men of letters. Your reputation is
warrant for the liberty which I take. I
shall call at the library in a few days and
if you will grant me your permission I
shall avail myself of it with the gratitude
which all thinking men owe to you."
The Abbe Bignon resigned in 1741 at
the age of eighty and died two years
later, having preserved to the last, as his
eulogist Freret said, not only his mental
powers, but also the sweetness and equa-
June, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
427
nimity of spirit which he had always
shown. He was succeeded by his nephew,
Bignon de Blanzy, who died after two
years in office and was succeeded by his
brother, Armand Jerome Bignon. These
two brothers left but little impression on
the library, but by carrying out the rules
and precepts laid down by their more il-
lustrious predecessors they were able to
increase the collections very materially.
Upon the death of Armand Jerome in
1772 he was succeeded by his son, Jean
Frederic, who remained in office almost up
to the time of the French Revolution.
When he died in 1783, the administration
of the library passed forever out of the
hands of the Bignon family. During the
one hundred and forty years that had
elapsed since the appointment of the first
Jerome Bignon in 1642, the library had
increased from 6000 volumes to 152,868.
LATER ADMINISTRATORS
The report of 1795, looking to a reor-
ganization of the library, in alluding to
the long dominion of the Bignon family
said that the librarianship had become the
prize of intrigue and the show of favor,
that the republican regime would suffer no
aristocratic charges. The librarian's post
was then suppressed; the administration
of the library was entrusted to a group of
eight conservators, two for the department
of printed books, three for manuscripts,
two for coins, and one for prints. One
of the two conservators of printed books
was Joseph Basile Bernard Van Praet,
who for nearly forty years ruled as abso-
lute master over this department, to which
he devoted his entire time and skill. His
chief aim was to assure to his beloved li-
brary the possession of treasures which he
was best able to discover and which the
administration always enabled him to se-
cure. He was never discouraged by the
insufficiency of his staff. He had faith in
his mission and his capacity for work en-
abled him to triumph over difficulties which
others would have considered insurmount-
able. The service of books to the public,
hitherto almost arbitrary and limited to
two days per week, was made a matter of
daily routine and more liberal rules were
introduced. Van Praet regarded it as a
duty to aid with all his strength the lib-
eral intentions of the government and to
communicate without reserve to the schol-
ars and to men of letters the literary
treasures entrusted to his care. Whoever
consulted him, said Pillon, always received
a cordial welcome and found in his learn-
ing a sure guide to sources useful in what-
ever research was being undertaken. He
found means to put into the library tens
of thousands of books, to complete many
sets, and to add items of great value which
he had secured from literary institutions
and bookshops. Being poorly supported
by his colleagues, he had to leave stuck
away in the corners of the library, with-
out any semblance of classification, a mul-
titude of books in the midst of which he
loved to plunge, sure of bringing to the
surface volumes intended to satisfy the
curiosity of his friends, that is to say, of
all true investigators and bibliophiles.
With his remarkable memory, which took
the place of catalogs, he was able to indi-
cate instantly the title and location of the
most out-of-way publications and with his
unfailing courtesy he himself frequently
went to find the desired book. His con-
temporaries say that it was a wonderful
sight to see him start out in quest of works
which he recalled having at one time or
another selected from this or that collec-
tion and which he remembered to have
put in a particular spot, the general ap-
pearance of which remained engraved on
his memory. During more than fifty
years of devotion and unexampled assid-
uity, he rarely left the library which had
become "his country and his home," and
in which he may be said to have passed
his whole life.
Jean Pierre Avel Remusat was born in
1788, and met with an accident in infancy,
by which his life was endangered. It was
necessary for him to remain absolutely
quiet for several years. He lost the use
of one eye, but the sedentary life made
study a necessity and a pleasure. At the
age of eleven he composed a little mytho-
logical dictionary, and at the age of four-
,428
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[June, 1914
teen he wrote a chronological, genealogical
. and synchronical table of the kings of
• Great Britain. Owing to the suppression
of the colleges after the French Revolu-
tion, the lad had no Latin teacher except
his father whom he lost in 1805, and yet
he read and spoke this language with the
greatest fluency. He early took to the
study of botany and formed a herbarium,
having seen a magnificent Chinese herba-
rium at Abbaye-aux-Bois where the
Abbe de Tersan had formed a beautiful
collection of antiquities and curiosities.
These so interested young Remusat that
he conceived an ardent desire to learn
Chinese and other Oriental languages. In
1824 he was appointed to the library staff
in charge of Oriental manuscripts. In
1831 he was a member of the Commission
which, although it was presided over by
Cuvier and numbered among its members
some very distinguished men, did not re-
form any of the abuses of the public li-
braries, which was- supposed to be the
function of the Commission. This was a
sort of triumph for Remusat, who was at
that time administering the Royal Library
under the venerable Van Praet.
Jules Antoine Taschereau, born at Tours
in 1801, studied law at Paris, but drifted
into literature and journalism. In 1852
he was appointed "administrateur adjoint"
of the Imperial Library and in 1858 he
succeeded Naudet in the headship. In
1855, he was given charge of editing the
catalogs, of which he published on an
average one volume per year for the next
decade. Delisle considered him an admin-
istrator in whom kindness and strength
were mixed in equal proportion. It was
Taschereau who saw to it that the salu-
tary principles of the decree of 1858 were
enforced, and who originated the wisest
and most liberal reforms, such as prolong-
ing the hours of opening, the suppression
.of the long periods when the library was
closed, the organization of the room for
reserved books and of the present main
reading room. He improved the condition
of the assistants of all grades. He main-
tained discipline, encouraged the zealous,
directed the work of classification and
cataloging, defended the interests of the
library before the courts, looked out for
the various departments when threatened
by adverse interests and was instrumental
in obtaining generous budgets for the pur-
chase of material of great value to the
history of France.
LEOPOLD DELISLE
Leopold Delisle, long the dean of libra-
rians, was born at Valognes, in 1826.
While a student in his home town he be-
came the boy companion of an old man,
Charles Duherissier de Gerville, who had
lived his youth in England as an emigre.
De Gerville's consuming passion was the
study of the Middle Ages, especially medi-
aeval Normandy. To the interested boy he
opened up a new world of fascinating
mystery that extended itself to a wonderful
ficole des Chartes and a still greater Aca-
demic des Inscriptions. One day De Ger-
ville took from a corner of his library
an old register and gave the eager boy his
first lesson in reading ancient handwrit-
ings. The boy's delighted recreation for
the rest of the summer was copying the
old register.
In 1845, the ardent pupil entered the
ficole des Chartes, armed with three prec-
ious letters of introduction from M. de
Gerville to his friends, Le Normant,
keeper of the Royal Library, Le Prevost,
member of the Academic des Inscriptions,
and Jules Desnoyers, director of the
Societe de 1'Histoire de France. By all
three the young man was enthusiastically
received. The following years of study,
owing to political events, were badly
broken up. The ficole was even closed
for a time in 1848, but the young student
used the added time to follow up his pet
interest — the ancient records of Normandy.
In 1852, Benjamin Guerard became head
of the manuscript department in the Biblio-
theque Nationale. and his young friend
Delisle was made his assistant. Many and
deplorable had been the irregularities and
disorders of this department, but the new
head and assistant set themselves to the
task of creating order out of chaos, a very
delicate, though imperative proceeding. It
June, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
429"
was decided that a thorough acquaintance
with the history of the library was abso-
lutely necessary. There must be precise
knowledge of the manner in which the
collections had been formed and their
treatment before and after their arrival
in the library. In this the writing and
marks of former owners and former libra-
rians must be recognized and recorded.
Copies by ordinary scribes and copies by
experts must be carefully discriminated.
This Herculean task Delisle took up with
zest "I became more and more keen to
know by whom and for whom manuscripts
had been made," said Delisle, "from what
countries they originally came, at what
periods they had been copied, revised or
completed; what artists had decorated
them, whose hands had handled them,
what dangers they had escaped, what schol-
ars had used them, by what strange ad-
ventures different parts of certain manu-
scripts had been scattered to countries far
apart, what alterations had been made in
them and what .disfigurements they had
suffered at the hands of forgers, some-
times for the purpose of giving them an
imaginary value and sometimes to disguise
theft."
Two events mark this early period of his
work in the department of manuscripts:
the death of his beloved chief, Guerard, in
1854, after barely two years of splendid
service, and Delisle's introduction, by
Guerard's successor, Natalis de Wailly, to
Mme. Eugene Bournouf, the wife of the
famous orientalist. Mme. Bournouf's eld-
est daughter, Laure, found in Delisle not
the dream of her girlhood, but its much
more real equivalent. Though her girlish
ideal had been to marry an orientalist such
as her talented father or learned grand-
father, she was nevertheless reconciled to
Delisle, because as she was pleased to say,
of his two merits, the one, that he had
been born near the home of the Bournouf
family, and the other, that he had come
from the ficole des Chartes, where her
father had been one of its first and most
brilliant scholars. She herself was a tal-
ented woman. As a small girl she had
been the pride of her grandfather's heart
ift that she could write the same Latin
prose as the members of the rhetoric class
in the Lycee de Charlemagne. She was
also a miniaturist of no small success, a
fact which greatly aided her in her love
and knowledge of the illuminations of me-
diaeval manuscripts. Under Delisle's en-
thusiastic guidance she soon acquired skiU
in deciphering readily and correctly me-
diaeval handwritings, even to assigning
them proper dates, though she was often
shocked at the style of Latin so different
from that taught by her gifted grand-
father. She was in all respects an inspir-
ing companion and co-worker. To quote
Delisle's own earnest tribute : ''How many
pieces has she transcribed for me with the
utmost accuracy, in that beautiful hand
which recalled the fine copies made by her
father and given by her to the Bibliotheque
Nationale ! What manuscripts we have
collated together! She shared all my
tastes, took part in all . my work, and
would not remain unfamiliar with any
question which I was led to investigate.
Her modesty was so great that she never
wished any one to suspect the share in
my published works which really belonged
to her. What papers she read and an-
alyzed, pen in hand ; what books she
searched through; what translations she
made for me; what letters she wrote;
what errors — and not errors of the press
only — did she save me from making by
going over my proofs, which she never
liked to be sent to press until she had
re-read them ! How delighted I was at the
wicked pleasure she took in pointing out
the misprints I had allowed to pass when
they were staring me in the face."
Delisle's marriage with Laure Bournouf
was soon followed by his election to the
Academic des Inscriptions, the memory of
his brilliant father-in-law aiding in na
small degree the attainment of this dis-
tinction. Delisle refers again and again1
in his "Souvenirs de jeunesse" to the
pleasure he took in his beloved manu-
scripts, of the delightful evenings spent
with his wife in talking them over, of the
delicious thrills of discovery of long lost
or strayed fragments, of the happy restora-
430
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[June, 1914
tion of the Libri manuscripts. Behind all
this lay infinite painstaking research, for
never did Delisle lose track of his keen
interest in the origins of the manuscripts
and the vicissitudes of their wanderings.
In 1868 he had traced thirty manuscripts
of the 1200 brought together by Charles
V and VI in the tower of the Louvre and
in various royal residences. By 1908 he had
completed the life history of over a hundred.
In 1871 Delisle himself became the head
of the department of manuscripts, only to
relinquish it in 1874 for the headship of
the entire library. This post he held until
1905, when he was summarily retired, ow-
ing to "political exigencies." Needless to
say, this proceeding called forth the
righteous indignation of French scholar-
ship. Whether his administration of the
library had become "too inflexible" and
"over-conservative" or not, his intellectual
life was as vigorous as ever.
On his retirement from the Bibliotheque
Nationale, he became joint keeper of the
Bibliotheque et Musee Conde at Chantilly,
the valuable gift of the Due d'Aumale to
the French nation. Here he took up again
after half a century, his youthful love —
the history of Normandy. He not only
began again with unflinching courage, but
with all the fire of strenuous labor, though
he now traveled the highway alone for,
tragic coincidence that it was, he lost his
wife and co-worker on the very day he
left the Bibliotheque Nationale. In 1909,
at. 83, he published the first volume
of his studies in Norman history, the
"Acts of Henri II", a huge quarto of 600
pages, and though his eyes became dim he
continued to work up to the moment of his
death, which came suddenly on July 22,
1910, while he was conversing with a visi-
tor on the subject of the second volume,
even then nearly ready for the press.
At the time of his death, Leopold Delisle
was undoubtedly one of the greatest au-
thorities on the Middle Ages. He had few
if any rivals in his knowledge of diplo-
matics, palaeography and printing. His de-
termination to make every manuscript
which he took up yield its life history
has given his monographs a strangely hu-
man interest. Few learned men have been
so prolific as authors and editors. Few
indeed have had the honor of attaching
their names to so many learned publica-
tions. Not only was he a great scholar,
but he was likewise a great librarian and
administrator. He found the Bibliotheque
Nationale "a mob of books and left it a
library." He did, perhaps, more than any
other man to reveal the richness of the
greatest library in France, thereby giving
historical science a chance to take a great
step forward, since it was through him
that the resources of one of the world's
largest libraries were made more acces-
sible to scholars. He was ever ready to
give encouragement to foreign scholars
writing on subjects concerning France.
An introduction to M. Delisle meant not
only access to the vast stores of the Bi-
bliotheque Nationale, but to the treasures
of all the other Paris libraries. With him
scholars were to be treated always as
friends and fellow-workers. He was as
generous concerning their work as he was
modest about his own. It was said of
him that no controversy could ruffle his
temper or betray him into the smallest de-
parture from the graceful courtesy that
was a part of him. As a man he is de-
scribed as having "something of the
strength and alertness of Victor Hugo,
with the face of a vigorous man of let-
ters who might easily have been either a
poet or a man of business." But "his em-
inence in the world of scholars," says one
of his eulogists, "was not due merely to
his learning or to the use he made of it
in his writings, nor was it his position at
the head of the largest library in the
world that caused him to be looked up to
by a multitude of students. There have
been famous scholars and admirable libra-
rians who have passed away without leav-
ing the sense of personal loss which has
been felt at the death of Delisle, even by
those who never met him. It was the
dignity and charm of his character which
showed in all his acts, which penetrated
into his writings and which made him ever
ready to help others, whether by word or
deed."
THE GROUP INDEX ; OR, CATALOG AT THE SHELVES
BY CLIFFORD B. CLAPP, Chief of Cataloging and Classification in the Dartmouth
College Library
FOR the users of a library the books are
the all-important thing, as they ought to
be. The privilege of admission to the
stack, a usual though somewhat restricted
practice in college and university libraries,
admits to their presence in a delightfully
free and satisfactory manner. The classifi-
cation, whether approved or not, is under-
stood far enough to insure access to the
collection, group, or topic desired. What
is more natural than to obey first the call
of the books, ignoring the card catalog,
their master-key? What is more natural
thereafter than to put aside all thought of
the cards, when a retreat to them would
secure valuable and desired information?
We of the staff are ourselves loath to tread
the tortuous distances from the stack to
the delivery room when the expected book
is not found or the collection proves less
fruitful than we had supposed it, even al-
though we know that the catalog is the
key to information that lurks in hidden
places. This state of mind is not only
natural but actual. It is a trait that we
know to be characteristic of professor as
well as student. The resulting discounted
efficiency is serious enough when thus con-
sidered merely in relation to forgetfulness
and lack of foresight. But it is made very
serious by the failure of the classification
to place subjects where they are expected,
or even to provide for them at all ; by the
idiosyncrasies of us, the classifiers, and
of our patrons, those who expect to find
books where they and they only want them,
and of the makers of books, who are some-
times thought to be at the bottom of the
whole trouble; and most of all it is made
very serious by the complexity of the rela-
tionships between various divisions of
knowledge.
Education in the use of the library is
the remedy usually proposed — yet seldom
seriously tried. Classification reform is
put forth as a second suggestion. In com-
petition with these I would set a third
proposition, supporting it with some argu-
ment and illustration. I suggest that in
proximity to each of the broad groups of
the classified collections of the library
there be established an alphabetical author
catalog of all the books of that group,
whether they be actually placed there or
unavoidably located elsewhere, and books
in contents or purpose closely allied with
it; and that there be combined with this
in the same alphabetical sequence an index
of the topics represented in the group,
together with those others most closely
related to them in general or local usage.
In other words, I would serve the stack
visitor, on the spot, with a . directory to
every book and every subject that he might
reasonably expect or desire to have in the
portion of the library that is his chief
sphere of interest. Thus would arise what
might be called the Group Index, although
we could designate it by other terms, such
as section, division, department, or relative
index, or the catalog at the shelves. It
would be a directory, nothing more. It
should not be a relative index in the sense
of aiming to show a system of logical re-
lationships between books or topics; it
should not be highly analytical, as the cus-
tomary Department Catalog should be
when at its best ; nor should it be a com-
plete catalog, including title and subject
entries for each book. It would not super-
sede the existing catalog, nor duplicate it
in number of entries or detail. It would
be an accessory instrument, designed for a
time-saver to the worker and a spur to
the negligent.
Not infrequently one is in the stack
looking for a particular book, without
having either its call number or an ade-
quate idea of its subject matter, but with
an idea of its general location. If the
classification is close, if a chronological
division or sequence is used, if books are
432
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
{June, 1914.
frequently moved, and if the most im-
portant books are placed elsewhere in tem-
porary reserve, a good deal of inconven-
ience and loss of time are to be expected
in discovering the desired work. If the
book be in circulation it is not possible t«
tell, on the spot, whether it surely belongs
on these shelves or not. Perhaps one may
confidently expect to find some or all books
relating to a particular matter where that
topic is known to be classified, but it hap-
pens that some of these books are of dou-
ble subject, or of unsuspected purport, or
specially limited by manner of acquisition,
and so are classed with an entirely differ-
ent group of books; are not these as good
as lost to the overhurried, the superficial,
or the easily satisfied searcher?
The intricate relationships between the
different branches of knowledge and the
frequent intimate bearing of a topic upon
matters utterly unlike the other subjects
among which it is located make it unsafe
for the scholar or student to assume that
one certain part of the stack contains all
the material on his subject. The far-flung
wings of this and that group make it im-
possible in a collection of 100,000 volumes
to put some subjects in proximity to two or
three different groups to which they are
closely related and by whose experts they
will constantly be wanted. Such subjects,
for example, are Eugenics, Child study,
Enzyme chemistry, Clay industries, Roman
law, Water, City planning, Primitive art,
Pageantry, Aristotle, Nietzsche. Out of
sight is often out of mind, and only the
keenest book users get the full benefit of
the existing facilities.
Classification reform is beside the point;
it cannot stay reformed. Moreover, clas-
sifying can never be an exact science. A
book scientifically made to-day will not re-
main so day after to-morrow, nor equally
so for the purposes of two separate
groups of persons who find it valuable, for
it is written from a standpoint of passing
interest, or from a point of view within
one of the groups, or is acquired by the
initiative of the experts of one group.
There will always remain to be considered
the point of view of the hour and the
man, and especially the pioneering philos-
opher, scientist, or teaching institution.
Instruction has not yet caused an ade-
quate use of the existing catalogs, where
alone analyticals and cross-references ap-
pear and composite books are sufficiently
treated, nor will it until the end of time
lure everybody through circuitous paths or
magnificent distances to satisfy any. long-
ing for the unknown.
But a conspicuous, handy, straightfor-
ward index, right where it is wanted, will
be used by the most negligent person.
Suppose it cannot do what the catalog
does; it can do a great deal that the catalog
obviously does not, and that is sufficient
warrant and sufficient requirement for its-
existence. In what shall it consist? In
any open-stack library (and I am speak-
ing of those that have open-access to any
considerable extent, whether limited or
not), a guide to the classification of each
group is necessary. A classed guide, prom-
inently posted, may be a useful thing, but
it can include only large divisions, and at
the shelves it is of little use compared
with an alphabetical index to the topics,
a tool absolutely necessary when the classi-
fication is close. Let us assume the pres-
ence of such an index. The customary
idea is departed from when we propose
to add to this index those topics of fre-
quent use to the users of the group which
are desirably or unavoidably located else-
where. The difference of the resulting in-
dex from an alphabetical subject catalog
is that it gives topics without giving sepa-
rate books under them. The next step is
to include the separate books of the group,
not under subjects, but by authors in one
alphabet with the topics in the manner of
author entries in a dictionary catalog. We
ought rarely in one group to include two
entries for a book. The next proposition
is to add to this list those individual works
properly in the group by subject but located
elsewhere, such as those temporarily or
permanently placed in a reference room,
department or seminar library, special col-
lection or treasure case, or on folio shelves,
and those as to the classification of which
there is likely to be dispute, with particular
June, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
433
attention to works acquired through ap-
propriations or persons associated with the
group in question, and also all works of
double subject that are reasonably sure to
be wanted here. We may also add im-
portant parts of a limited number of gen-
eral reference books, and call attention to
periodical indexes, bibliographies, and cata-
log cross-references.
A satisfactory illustration is difficult to
give in an article of this kind, chiefly be-
cause in the absence of an actual case of
the instrument as it would be when in
working order it is not easy to find the
requisite variety of examples possessing
the appearance of actuality and arrange-
able in close alphabetical sequence; but a
survey of the following table will suggest,
though inadequately, the appearance of a
portion of the Index in its briefest form.
Being limited in space, the illustration can-
not show a true proportion between works,
topics, and references, and with the num-
ber of topics shown here there ought to be
more books listed. Taken through a suc-
cession of groups the average ratio of
topics to titles would very likely vary
between one to five and one to twenty.
The example represents a part of the
Group Index for the D. C. division 3,
Social sciences:
TABLE ILLUSTRATING THE INDEX
Araujo. Colonies P9rtug. d'Afrique.q32S.6A6
c Arbitration, Industrial 331
c. Arbitration, International 341-6
Aristotle. By Barker 320.162
Other criticisms, see main catalog,
a Aristotle. Politics and economics. . .32oA7i
Other editions in 888.5.
a Arnaudo. Nihilisme 33SA
b Arner. Consanguineous marriages . . Eug. Lab.
b Arnold. Factory manager. B. School
Asakawa. Early inst. life Japan... 952 A
a Ashley. Adjustment of wages 33*-2A
b Ashley. German working classes. .. Reserved
d Asiatic peoples. Types, culture, etc. 572.95
See also books in Geography, 915,
etc.
c Asiatic peoples in U. S 325.25
Asnuith parliament. By King 325. 42K
See also periodical indexes ro
Associated advertising clubs. Proc..6s9.o6A8
c Associations 360-369
c Associations, Labor 331.88; also
Woods Collection.
c Asylums 362
b Atkinson. Industrial progress Reserved
t> Atkinson. Margin of profits Missing
Atkinson. Philippine Islands 9I9.I4A
b Austin, Tex. Charter Prof. White
cC Australasia. Federal convention 328.94
Australia. Administration, Gov't. . ..354.94
Australia). Finance 336.94
d Australia. History 994
Australia. Labor. 331.09; Woods
Collection.
Australia. Maps rAtlases; rMap Case
Australia. Schools 379-94
Current progress: U. S. Educ. Bur.
Rcpt r370
Australia. Statistics 319-45 & B. School
See also st?tistical annuals r3 14^319
d Australia. Travel, Gen. descript. . .919.4
Australia.
Completer refs. in main catalog.
Latest articles in period, indexes. . ro
See also Britannica yearbook r3i
c Australian ballot 324.256
a Aveling. Working class movement.. 33 1.09 A
The items marked (a) indicate books
shelved in the group to which the Index
applies. The slip or card carrying any
one of these items can be covered or pre-
ceded by a properly labelled marker indi-
cating temporary removal to reserved
shelves, departments, or bindery, or show-
ing that the work is missing. Items
marked (b) are supposed to have been so
treated. Call numbers other than those in
3 are for books or topics classed else-
where but considered especially valuable
for this division or likely to be sought for
here. The characteristic marks are used
for over-size books and permanent refer-
ence works. Items marked (c) and most
of those under Australia are part of the
topical index to the classification of the
group, while (d) shows a few subjects
located elsewhere supposed to be valuable
to those studying here. The indented ref-
erences are valuable if used sparingly, per-
haps for the larger subjects and those of
constant or notable current use, and for the
continents and chief states. Analytical
references such as those under Australia
Schools and Australia Statistics should be
used whenever space and time permit.
The Index is of especial value in the case
of two-topic books, and as none is given
in the table I would mention as good ex-
amples Bowman's "Forest physiography,"
Shamel's "Mining, mineral and geological
law," Mabel Carney's "Country life and
the country school," Miinsterberg's "Psy-
chology and industrial efficiency," and
those periodicals that treat of Physics and
Mathematics or of Philosophy and Sociol-
ogy together. Other examples were given
by Mr. Merrill in the LIBRARY JOURNAL
for June, 1912. The smaller the group we
take the greater will be the number of
434
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[June, 1914
entries for books outside it. The Social
sciences ought to be divided into at least
two units in a large library, and the line
of cleavage would probably fall through
the middle of such a book as Hayes'
"British social politics."
The Group Index may be kept on cards
in a case set into a row of the stack or
backed against the wall. If a case holding
the regular form of Index were placed in
a row of stack of a group of 6000 volumes,
it would cause an increase of about one
shelf, or less than one-half of one per cent.,
in the space occupied by the group. The
cost of equipment for such a group should
be, with a fair to medium grade of cards,
say $28 to $44, and for a whole library
of 100,000 volumes might run from about
$434 to about $734. At 20,000 volumes
a year for five years, initial equipment
would cost not over $150 annually. The
upkeep of the equipment would be about
$.0033 to $.0043 per volume. The labor
cost cannot be determined until we have
more statistics on the cost of cataloging,
but the time spent in the non-mechanical
work need be nothing like a clear addition
to the time now spent in cataloging and
classifying. The cost of the mechanical
part of the labor must depend on the form
and intensive scope of the Index and on
the cataloging methods of individual libra-
ries.
There is doubt whether the card form
of Index is the best. We do not want to
give much information. Why describe a
book that is close at hand? For those
that are in another group the fact that
they are listed here is warrant for the sup-
position that they are worth while going
to look at. The object of the Index is to
locate the book. A single line, or rarely
two, will be sufficient. The simpler we
make it the better. The author's surname
and a brief title will do. Brevity of title
is usual in books, though I grant many
exceptions, which need not balk us more
than they have several libraries now print-
ing catalogs using short titles. Cards
waste space, they are not alluring to most
people, and their only advantage for the
present purpose lies in their comparative
cheapness, and especially in the possibility
of cheap duplication of cards used in the
main catalog.
Another form of equipment is the visible
index, of which at least one make is on
the market. It consists of moveable slips
inserted in interchangeable leaves hinged
on a bracket or a revolving stand. This
is to my mind the most efficient kind of
equipment for our purpose. It combines
conspicuousness, attractiveness, speed, brev-
ity, expansiveness, and space economy. Its
cost is not prohibitive. The equipment sug-
gested for a library of 100,000 volumes is
somewhat as follows: Brackets on end of
stacks, or within stack sections or on wall,
containing interchangeable leaves filled
with moveable slips; one slip, 6 by 3/16
inches, per title. To equip for 100,000
volumes, not including labor cost, $1125
to $1947. At 20,000 volumes a year for five
years this makes $225 to $389 annually.
For 10,000 entries for annual addition of
10,000 volumes (calling for two entries
per title, which is certainly more than
sufficient to cover main and extra entries
for titles and all entries for topics), the
cost should be $113 to $180. This is at the
rate of $.0113 to $.018 per volume for
equipment.
Still another kind of apparatus, but the
least desirable, is the loose-leaf book. It
should by no means be hung on the wall
or stack, as is sometimes the case when
bibliographies or stack guides in book
form are placed near the books, but
should stand in a shelf or pocket on the
end of the row of stack. Flat against the
end of the stack it will not project enough
to be in the way and can be labelled as
conspicuously as the usual stack guide.
The Index can be installed in a library
group by group, in order to reduce the
annual cost and to acquire experience in
maintenance cost and service efficiency.
While it can be made very useful in sev-
eral ways not here mentioned, it is not a
panacea. It will not settle all of one's
stack troubles. It may not always work
well or economically, for its success de-
pends on the ability, care, and energy of
its administrators just as much as that of
June, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
435
any library tool does. In principle it has icy, with definite and far-reaching pur-
occasionally been used by libraries in ex-
tremely limited respects in their stacks and
their printed catalogs, and the big classifi-
cation indexes have it; but as a stack pol-
poses, it is new. It may be a difficult thing
to get adopted, like many another proposi-
tion when not properly urged and sup-
ported. But is it not worth trying?
THE INFLUENCE OF THE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE ON
THE FARMER'S USE OF BOOKS*
BY WILLIAM M. HEPBURN, Librarian Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind.
A FEW years ago it was somewhat sud-
denly discovered that there was in this
country a rural life problem. Everyone
became interested, from presidents to pol-
iticians, from the producer through the
middleman to the ultimate consumer. Af-
ter much excitement a program was finally
decided upon somewhat after this fashion.
In place of building a wall around the
cities to keep the country-bred man out, it
was considered better engineering to build
a wall around the rural community to keep
the farmer in, and on the job. This wall
was to be three stories high. The first or
foundation level was to be labeled "Better
farming." This was to be followed by a
second story called "Better business," and
the top story was to be "Better living."
Like the dykes or levees along the Missis-
sippi, the whole structure must be com-
pleted before it became effective, and it is
the top levels that finally keep out the high
water at flood time.
The foundation story of this wall was
found to be partially constructed. The
agricultural colleges and experiment sta-
tions had laid many firm foundation stones
and provided much additional raw material
that only needed the cohesive force of or-
ganization among the farmers themselves
to cement it together for building purposes.
Much of this part 01 the wall was built, as
it were, from the outside, but now the
farmer himself is lending his assistance,
and by intelligent experiments on his own
part and sympathy and assistance lent to
colleges and stations he is contributing
* Read before the Rural and Agricultural Section,
National Education Association, Salt Lake City, July,
1913-
largely to this solid, basic structure of
"Better farming."
He also, at the same time, has begun to
build from within some parts of the second
story of "Better business." In this he has
the help of the colleges and stations and
of many public men in the banking and
commercial fields. The next ten years will
no doubt see this part of the wall raised to
a considerable height and much of the ex-
odus from the farm checked.
But if this were all that were planned it
would be insufficient for the purpose. Make
farming conditions and business conditions
such that an intelligent or a lucky man
could engage in it for a term of years and
make much money, and you would only
have in the rural community a condition
approaching that of the early gold fields.
When one had "struck it rich" it was back
to the town for him, to spend and to en-
joy-
Above the foundation of "Better farm-
ing," and above the middle courses of
"Better business," must come the ramparts
of "Better living," if this defense of the
rural community against the counter at-
traction of the city is ever to become effec-
tive.
You will note, of course, that this wall
is merely an ideal one, compounded of ele-
ments that excite interest, stir ambition,
give incentive to sustained effort, and offer
at the end of toil a reward commensurate
with the effort. Will farming as a profes-
sion and as a life ever do this? If not it
is doomed, and we may yet have to return
to a system of slavery to compel the tillage
of the soil. But we do not so read ancient
or recent history.
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[June, 1914
We all believe, and know, that farming
is taking its place as a dignified, a scien-
tific, and a remunerative profession.
When men began to study this rural
problem it was soon found that it was in-
deed a condition and not a theory that con-
fronted them. Too often we presume to
treat the farmer as a homogeneous class
or group having common characteristics
and common ideals and needs. In fact
they are no more alike than all lawyers are
alike. Some lawyers make a living, others
make a fortune. Some become judges,
others the hangers-on of police courts. And
so there are farmers and farmers. Some
who work with their hands alone and
others who work with their heads also;
some who look toward to-morrow and some
who look only at yesterday. There is the
farmer with the automobile and the farmer
with the ox-cart; the one who is the slave
of nature and the one who is her master.
Professionally and in their attitude to their
work they are as various as the crops they
produce. But they are all human beings.
There is no special mystery about them
that does not belong equally to every class
and every individual in society.
What is good and necessary for the
moral, intellectual and social life of men
and women in cities is just as good and
necessary for men and women in the coun-
try. One of the educational problems both
for the city and for the country is how to
make books contribute most to the enrich-
ment of human life. This is narrowed
down for the purposes of this paper to the
part that the agricultural college can play
in this problem.
First of all, books can assist the farmer
professionally. You will tell me that the
farmer does not want and will not read
books on agricultural topics. As a state-
ment of present fact that can stand. But
I believe that it cannot and will not always
remain true. Will the craftsman of the
city read books relating to his trade? We
have found that he will, and the public
libraries are buying hundreds, yea thou-
sands, of volumes on the mechanic arts
and are inducing men to read them. Are
they wiser than their brothers on the
farm? The new agriculture and the new
farmer who will carry on the new agri-
culture will read books and magazines on
farming. He must, therefore he will.
Just as the engineer and the scientist
find it necessary to read books and period-
icals on their specialties, so will the farmer
who is both engineer and scientist. There
is already a great mass of this literature
available. The government and the sta-
tions are supplying it in large quantities,
and publishers are issuing each year more
and more books intended for the farmer.
It is one of the problems of the agricul-
tural college through its extension depart-
ment, its library, or otherwise, to encourage
a more extensive and more intelligent use
of this printed material. Many tons of
these books and bulletins are distributed
annually to farm homes, and yet how little
of it you see if you visit these farm homes.
Its value is not appreciated, it is little read,
it is not preserved. The supply of this free
agricultural literature much exceeds the
real demand, and one of the great tasks
before the agricultural college is to devise
ways and means to increase this demand,
and to encourage the intelligent use of
books and bulletins on the part of the
farmer. It can do this through corre-
spondence, and in its lectures before in-
stitutes and farmers' associations, keep
hammering away at the importance of this
literature. It can be emphasized at the
Farmers' Short Courses, when pamphlets
are distributed from farm trains, at county
fairs and elsewhere.
As, however, there is such an enormous
mass of this literature, the farmer as well
as the rural library that serves the farmer
naturally looks to the agricultural college
for some guidance in their selection and
use of it. This can be done, and is being
done by means of direct correspondence,
answering individual questions and meet-
ing individual needs, or by means of select
and annotated lists of the best books and
bulletins on a given subject. Much more
of this sort of work will have to be done,
and it should not be left to commercial in-
terests to do it. Instead of issuing so many
bulletins of a complicated nature, colleges
and stations might well consider the value
of the briefer bulletin and circular which
June, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
437
gives a summary or resume of the accepted
practice in the raising of a particular crop
or the performing of any given farming
operation. The popular bulletins of the
Cornell Station and the circulars of many
of the extension departments are along this
line.
Much more might be done in the exhi-
bition of books for the farmer at institutes,
short courses, fairs, and wherever farmers
are gathered together for instruction from
the college experts. Let the purchase of
these books be recommended and urged. In
Indiana the agents of the Extension depart-
ment are authorized to receive orders for
these books, taking payment at the full list
price in advance. The books are then sent
to the purchaser by mail direct from the
publisher. The discounts received by the
Extension department pay the expenses of
the system. During the past two or three
years books to the value of several thou-
sand dollars have been thus distributed.
The college library should be equipped
to send to individuals or to the rural libra-
ries selections of material on any given
agricultural subject. The "package libra-
ries" of Wisconsin have shown how this
can be done economically and efficiently.
As many of the graduates of the agri-
cultural college will return to the farms
and become leaders of thought and opinion
in their communities, it is important that
they should have the right point of view
in this matter, and it is the duty of the
college to see that it is presented to them
during their college course. The various
means of obtaining this literature when
they leave college, ways of preserving it,
and the importance of having the country
home supplied with interesting and whole-
some books and magazines should be im-
pressed upon them frequently.
When the farmers' reading is reflected
by the rural library, it should be both the
duty and the privilege of the agricultural
college to keep in close touch with the lo-
cal library, lending it books and bulletins,
and in every way showing its interest and
its desire to help. The agricultural college
might even enter the field of the traveling
library if other agencies fail to properly
meet the needs of the rural community.
Many colleges have succeeded in getting
into close touch with the farmers by means
of reading and study courses, either in-
formal ones such as those of Cornell, or
those of a more formal ^character, requir-
ing registration of students, the purchase
of certain books, a fixed line of study, and
regular reports, ending perhaps in a cer-
tificate showing the work done and the
standing attained.
Correspondence courses more nearly ap-
proaching the kind of work given to reg-
ular students in residence are now offered
by some colleges. There is probably a
large field for work of this kind. It is
proper that it should be offered by the col-
leges rather than by purely commercial in-
terests.
Generally speaking, it may be said that
so far as the book needs of the farmer,
considered only professionally, are con-
cerned, most of the colleges are alive to
their duties and opportunities along this
line, and are in various ways suited to the
genius of each institution meeting it. As
it is the line of least resistance, the sta-
tions and colleges can be depended upon to
follow the leaders, and to adopt or adapt
plans that have already proved successful
or to devise new ones.
But what about that broader, even more
important phase of the farmer's life, his
home life, his social life, his moral, eth-
ical, and intellectual well-being? Consid-
ered in these aspects, can books contribute
anything to his life and has the agricul-
tural college any responsibility in the mat-
ter?
It is hardly necessary to argue the first
proposition before an audience of teachers
and librarians.
With reference to the second question, I
wish to argue on the side of the affirma-
tive. It is coming to be more and more
true each day that in every phase of the
farmers' life they are looking to the col-
lege for guidance and assistance. In the
training of children, the care and manage-
ment of the home, the problem of better
roads, the improvement of the schools, the
strengthening of the churches, the forma-
tion and direction of organizations for so-
cial betterment, in these and many other
433
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[June, 1914
problems the farmer is looking to the agri-
cultural college for help. Shall the college
through its domestic science department
give instruction in the feeding and clothing
of children and stop short of telling what
they ought to read? Shall it tell the
farmer how to improve his stock and have
nothing to say as to how he may improve
his mind? Are books and magazines and
libraries to be unconsidered factors in the
development and enrichment of rural life?
True, there are other agencies that have
these things in charge. But the college
authorities in a peculiar way have the ear
of the farmer, they have his confidence, he
looks to them for leadership. Where they
call loudly, he responds. Where they are
silent, he is likely to be apathetic.
There need not be much hesitation in
starting work of this kind by the college.
Perhaps experience will show some differ-
ences between the book needs of the aver-
age rural community and those of the aver-
age urban community. But we need not
assume at the beginning that human nature
in the country is very different from hu-
man nature and human needs in the town.
They may read less fiction in the country,
but it must be of the latest variety. The
range of periodical literature read in the
country may be more restricted, but that
may not be an unmixed evil. One county
library in Virginia reports that its patrons
want "new, fresh books on the topics of
the day, good stories of adventure, detec-
tive stories, books for boys and girls. The
average man or woman in the country, as
the average man or woman in the town,
reads for general information on live polit-
ical and national questions, for wholesome
recreation, and as an antidote to the cares
and labors of the day."
Apparently, however, the farmer is not
yet regarded seriously as a book purchaser.
One fails to find any advertisements of
books in the farm papers, even those of
large circulation and good reputation. So
far as one can judge from them, the farm
home has no need for any reading other
than that furnished by their own pages.
The farmers need automobiles, pianos, and
victrolas to contribute to the higher life
and the higher cost of living, but not books.
Surely this condition is passing, and the
time will soon come when the book shelves
in the farm home will cease to contain
only subscription books specially written
for their consumption, and in their places
there will be new and attractive books on
farm life, fiction, travel, biography, chil-
dren's books, and the higher grade maga-
zines, and when the rural library, whether
township or county, will supply an appre-
ciative public with all that is new, stimu-
lating, and attractive in books.
To this end the agricultural college can
largely contribute, directly by emphasizing
the value of these things, by giving direc-
tion and advice at every opportunity, by
assisting in the establishment of rural li-
braries and study clubs, and also indirectly
by lending aid and encouragement to other
institutions engaged in a like work, the
s.tate libraries and the library commissions,
who have already seen the importance of
this line of work and are reaching out to
the best of their ability to compass it. If
they had the help and encouragement of
the agricultural colleges in an active way,
the completion of a part at least of the
third story of the wall would be much
hastened.
"THERE is only one solution of all social
problems — increase of intelligence and sym-
pathy. To this end newspapers, schools,
and pulpits are useful. But these are all
limited in their speech. Politics, personal
considerations, undue or misplaced con-
servatism— these make limitations. The
public library is the broadest of teachers,
one may say the only free teacher. It is
the most liberal of schools; it is the only
real people's college. It can freely tell all
known facts about any question. It be-
gins with the youngest, and when a man
is old it is still ready and able to instruct
him. It answers fairly all you want to
know. It leads us to want to know. Among
the things which continually make for hap-
piness, order and prosperity in the com-
munity count the public library as one." —
JOHN COTTON DANA, in 1901 report of
the City Library Association, Springfield,
Mass.
June, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
439
INSTRUCTION IN THE USE OF
BOOKS IN A COLLEGE LIBRARY
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL instruction in college
is a subject that has aroused much inter-
esting discussion during the past few years
— notably the articles by Mr. Dana,1 Mr.
Bishop,2 and Dean K. C. Babcock.3 I fully
agree, and so far as I know college and
university librarians generally do, with Mr.
Dana that training in "book using skill"
should receive greater emphasis in our col-
leges, and with Dean Babcock that "every
new student should be required to take
some course in which is given practical in-
struction in the handling of library tools."
No doubt it seems to many that, with the
need apparent and admitted, the remedy is
a mere matter of detail that can easily be
arranged. But in reality this is not the
case; there are two great difficulties which
stand in the way of a required course in
bibliography in a large university. In the
first place the curriculum of a modern uni-
versity is already greatly overcrowded with
the constantly increasing number of courses
in all departments that are offered, and it
is almost impossible to add to the courses
that are required of freshmen. Each re-
quired course on the schedule reduces the
amount of other work that can be taken,
and complicates the program under the
modern system of election from certain
groups. The present tendency is to reduce
the required subjects, and usually English
or Rhetoric is the only subject that is re-
quired of all freshmen.
In the second place the very size of the
freshman class in most universities makes
it impossible for the library staff to offer
a required course. There would be little
benefit to the students in giving such a
course to a large group, and the only suc-
cessful method would be to take the class
in small sections, as other departments do.
This would often mean from 15 to 25 sec-
tions each week. The average number of
•classes taught each week by professors is
12 or 15. It can easily be seen that the
librarian could not assume the burdens of
this instruction in addition to his regular
1 Bretton Woods Conference, 1909: 191.
2 Se^wance Review, July, 1912.
'LIBRARY JOURNAL, 38: 133-136, March, 1913.
duties. And most of us have such diffi-
culty in securing a staff large enough for
the necessary work that we could not well
divide these instructional duties among the
staff. These are the difficulties which I
have met in planning to make provision
for training students in the use of books —
and I have had to content myself with a
one-hour demonstration of the library to
all freshmen and an elective course for
those interested.
The Department of English has always
been glad to allow me one hour, at the be-
ginning of the year of each freshman re-
quired course. After experimenting with
a talk to the class on the use of the library
and a tour of the library reading room in
charge of a member of the library staff the
latter plan seemed to be more successful
and is the one I finally adopted. It is not
possible to accomplish great results in one
hour, but the catalog can be explained,
Poole and Reader's guide demonstrated and
useful hints on the value of atlases, ency-
clopedias, Who's who, and various refer-
ence works can be given. Greater atten-
tion on the part of the students can be se-
cured if announcement is made by the Eng-
lish instructor that the substance of the
tour will be made the subject of a required
theme. Or simple problems arranged by
the librarian can be assigned by the regu-
lar instructor as "follow up" work to make
certain that the general facts emphasized
are understood. One of the great advan-
tages of such a tour is that it familiarizes
the student with the reading room and its
arrangement, and makes him more apt to
feel free to approach the library assistants
for help. Such tours are conducted in a
great many university libraries. This is I
admit but a poor substitute for what I
should like to offer freshmen, but as con-
ditions exist in institutions with which I
have been connected it is the best that I
have been able to provide.
For those sufficiently interested an elec-
tive course open to all students has been
offered. The drawback to this course is
that it is not usually elected by those who
need it most. Several helpful suggestions
and outlines for a course on the use of ths
440
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[June, 1914
library have been published — for instance
the manual by Gilbert O. Ward and the
pamphlet in the Newark American library
economy series — but emphasis has gener-
ally been placed on the needs of the normal
school or high school. In working out a
course for university students, my object
was to provide the general instruction most
necessary on the use of books and library
tools, to emphasize the cultural value of
owning books and to supply the most in-
teresting information in regard to the phys-
ical side of books. My experience has
shown me that there are always many stu-
dents who are interested in books and who
wish to start a private library, but who
know very little in regard to the different
publishers, editions, series, and styles of
book making. In this course I have en-
deavored to supply the information that
would be most interesting and valuable to
such students, and that would help start
them aright in the gathering together of a
private library.
The general outline of the course I have
offered is as follows. The work is not, of
course, always given in the same way, as
treatment of certain subjects is expanded
or condensed to suit the requirements of
each class. Required readings or prob-
lems are assigned for each lesson.
I. Object of the course.
Not to train for librarianship.
To give a training in the use of books and
library tools that will enable the student to
make better use of the university library and
of the public library.
To give general information in regard to books
and suggestions in regard to starting a pri-
vate library.
To bring the student in touch with the modern
library movement.
Need for training in the use of books.
Books are the chief tools of education.
This is an age of print.
Extent of modern book production.
Growth of libraries and size of book collections.
II. Modern libraries.
Growth of modern library movement.
Libraries of United States.
National. Library of Congress — Service to
country.
State library system.
Library commission: extension work — travel-
ing libraries — study clubs, etc.
The modern public library.
Value to community.
Place in education.
Special phases — work with schools — chil-
dren— community extension.
A. L. A.
Cooperation — in service to the people — the
watchword of modern libraries.
Service of libraries to learning.
Select and preserve most important of
world's literature.
Organize books and collection for use of
scholars.
Importance to everyone of a knowledge of li-
brary methods.
III. Classification of books in a library
Object.
Advantages.
Kinds of classification.
Dewey classification.
Explanation of main features.
Use of classification in note taking and the
preservation of clippings, pamphlet material,
etc.
Problem i. Assigned to each student a list of
call numbers and student to go to shelves
and find author and title of the book.
Problem 2. Simple problem of assigning clas-
sification numbers.
IV. Catalog.
Purpose of a library catalog.
Kinds of catalogs.
Card catalog.
Advantages
How to use a card catalog
Form of cards
Author
Title
Subject
Biography
Bibliography
Criticism
Depository catalog.
Library of Congress printed cards and ex-
planation of.
What it is.
Value to university library.
Problem i. On use of card catalog — questions
to illustrate the various cards and also use
of depository catalog.
Problem 2. Simple problem on making of cat-
alog cards.
V-VIII. Reference works.
Encyclopedias — dictionaries — atlases — general
handbooks — works on biography — history —
literature, etc.
Each lesson accompanied by a problem to il-
lustrate the more important books.
IX. Periodical indexes.
General indexes.
Poole.
Reader's guide.
Magazine subject index.
Technical indexes.
Law indexes.
Medical indexes.
Problem.
X. Periodicals.
Brief study of some of the standard period-
cals. Modern tendencies.
Value of book reviews.
A. L. A. Booklist.
Book Review Digest.
XI. Government publications.
Government as a publisher.
Value and character of U. S. publications.
How to find out about them.
How to secure them.
Use of government publications.
Problem.
XII. Bibliograph/. What it is. Purpose and value
to students.
Various kinds — National, subject, complete, se-
lected, annotated, practical.
XIIL National and trade bibliography.
Subject bibliography — special study of the bib-
liography of a special subject, for example
American history.
XIV. Suggestions on research work in a library.
How to run down all available material on a
subject. How to make a bibliography.
Problem i. Make a bibliography or reading list
of all material in the library on a certain
subject.
FORT WASHINGTON BRANCH, NEW YORK CITY'S NEWEST BRANCH
LIBRARY, OPENED APRIL 14
June, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
441'
Problem 2. Make an annotated bibliography of
15 titles selected from the complete bibliog-
graphy prepared.
XV. The private library.
For enjoyment, companionship and reading.
Quality, not size, important.
Should express personality and individuality
of owner.
Relation of reading to choice of library.
Book plates.
XVI. Makeup of a modern book.
How to use a book — parts.
Title page.
Preface.
Introduction.
Contents.
Footnotes.
Bibliography.
Index, etc.
Physical side. The making of a book.
Paper.
Printing.
Binding.
How to tell a good book from a bad one.
Illustrate a cheap, poorly put together
book and a well-made, serviceable one.
XVII. Book illustration. Brief description of the
various processes of book illustration from
wood engraving to the modern half-tone and
color plates. An . entire lecture accompanied
by an exhibition of books illustrating the
processes devoted to this subject.
XVIII. Choice of books for a private library.
Publishers — English and American.
Series.
Editions.
Subscription sets — books as premiums, etc.
Purchasing books.
Summary and review.
MALCOLM G. WYER,
Librarian, University of Nebraska Library.
SOCIAL ACTIVITIES OF THE
LIBRARY *
As our library, which is maintained by
the Library Association and not by the
town, had the undeserved reputation of a
library of fiction only, we have tried these
methods of bringing its practical usefulness
to the minds of the citizens.
For three consecutive years the Red
Cross seals have been sold in the library.
This year the Civic Club did that work in
the city.
We advertise meetings of educational
value, not only those that are held in Rah-
way, but in any city or town where we
think the subscribers would be likely to
attend. We try to interest them in the
meetings, but do not sell tickets.
We circulate copies of the laws of the
various city departments, and after a lec-
ture given before one of the women's clubs
* Paper read at the bi state conference in Atlantic
City, March 6, 1914.
by Mrs. Julian Heath, we advertised in the
local paper that we had on the circulation'
desk copies of the state book on weights
and measures which were free to those who
cared to have them; if we had time when
they came for them we gave a short talk
on the subject.
Our flower shows, which began a few
years ago with a rose show, started in the
following way: A directress of the library
had the habit of sending some of her beau-
tiful flowers to the library. They created a
great deal of admiration, and people wanted'
to know their names and where they could
be bought, so she was asked to send as many
kinds of roses as possible, each labeled. It
was advertised in the papers that roses
would be shown on this special day, and
any one having named roses (grown out of
doors) was requested to send them. These
roses were arranged in glass jars, each
variety being kept separate, and all roses
sent by one person placed near each other
and marked with the name of the ex-
hibitor.
Now a rose bulletin is made by a friend
of the library announcing that "The an-
nual rose show will be held in the Public
Library to-day. Admission free." The
bulletin is displayed in the post office. A
florist of the city judges the roses. There
are no prizes nor entrance fees for exhib-
itors. Each year announcement of the
show is made through the papers. All
roses are accepted even if no names are
known. Florists' catalogs are on the tables
and pencils and pads are ready for use.
As a result lists are made of roses to be
bought by those interested in growing
roses. People become more friendly and
strangers come to the library, which gains
in popularity. The librarians know more
people, and each show is more successful
than the last. Each show is written up in
the local and a county paper. We have
aster, dahlia, and chrysanthemum shows.
The dahlia shows always attract the men.
We take special care that each contribute!
is mentioned in the paper. This year for
the first time we circulated fruit, flower,
and seed catalogs.
Our health officer asked to have the milk
442
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[June, 1914
report posted in the library, hoping in that
way to arouse the women on the subject.
It has been there since 1909, and not only
are the women interested, the milkmen
come in to see their report, and two have
threatened harm if the report is kept there.
One milkman had to quit business on ac-
count of that publicity. As the local papers
will not print a report or account of the
milk tests (without an outrageous charge
for it), the only way the people have of
finding out the result is by coming or tele-
phoning to the library. In that way new
people are brought to the library, and when
there we try to interest them in using it.
We so frequently hear of subscribers
buying tickets to plays they know nothing
about and finding the play impossible, that
we were delighted to find the Drama
League of America through Mr. Eaton's
article on "How to get the best plays in your
town" in the October, 1912, Delineator.
This solved the problem. A member of
the staff joined the league, notices were
sent to the various clubs and theater-going
people, to the high school, and to a teacher
who was giving lectures, that the bulletins
and selected list of plays for amateurs
were in the library for their use. This has
been very successful both from their point
of view and ours. We hope to organize a
drama study club next winter.
As we have a special rate of subscrip-
tion and special privileges for school teach-
ers, in September a post card is sent to
each one, giving information and a cordial
invitation to use the library; this is most
useful to the strangers who come to the
city each year.
Hearing that the students of the high
school were starting a school paper, we re-
quested the editor and business manager
to call at the library, where a copy of the
School Arts Magazine was shown them,
containing an article on the printing and
make-up of a school paper. Arrangements
were made to advertise in our school paper.
In return they gave us unlimited space for
library notes, so we used articles from the
Newarker freely, making special lists of
books on the special instruction given in
the schools, cooking, manual training, art.
etc., giving the magazine as well as the
books on the subjects. For four dollars
spent in advertising we hope to clear ten
dollars through the circulation of books.
The cooperation of the ministers was re-
quested in buying books for the 200 class,
each sending a list. A few were chosen
from each. Of course some titles were
duplicated, but we found it an excellent
plan to awaken interest in that department.
The ministers also called the attention of
their parishioners to the advantages gained
by using the library.
Some women in the city became inter-
ested in starting a Civic Club. The library
advertised itself very well at the start by
borrowing charters and laws of other clubs
for their use, and secured special books,
articles and magazines for special commit-
tees. There is often an opportunity to say,
"Magazines and books to help this com-
mittee are in the public library, why not go
there for help?" The greatest assistance
was given to the club by the library
through the courtesy of Miss Askew and
Senator Hennessy, who sent us, at our re-
quest, copies of the bill which is now a law
for the "wider use of the school plant."
That law was read at meetings of the
Civic Club to get the free use of the high
school auditorium, which had been denied
to them. After hearing that law a second
request was made, which was granted with-
out discussion. As we have two copies of
that law we circulate one and keep the
other for reference. The Civic Club seems
to have this by- word, "Oh ! just go to the
library."
Informal talks have been given before a
few of the clubs, not especially on the li-
brary or its own work, but rather on the
city problems, helping them with the Board
of Health, shade tree commission, special
subjects taught in the schools, and the mov-
ing picture shows. The latter became in-
volved through hearing the subscribers talk
over the shows at the library. Vaudeville
was introduced in the shows and they went
from bad to worse, changing for the worse
twice a week. Young children, hearing it
recommended, were going each time. An
appeal to the owner was of no avail, so
June, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
443
three women who had heard about it in the
library brought it to the attention of the
ministers' association. This was effective,
for some of the acts were sent back to the
owner as "too tough," and the vaudeville
was discontinued through lack of patron-
age. Though we hear the vaudeville is
.starting again, the least trouble will bring
a protest for high license and censorship.
That was accomplished through the influ-
ence of the library.
Our library is taking its place among the
social forces for good in the city, and we
trust the sentence, which was beautifully
written on our cellar floor by the colored
janitor who does not like us to touch his
furnace, will apply to us :
"Blessed is the hand that do no evil."
A. W. LUPTON, Librarian,
Public Library, Rahway, N. 7.
TWO OF NEW YORK'S NEW
BRANCHES
SINCE last September the New York
Public Library has opened five new branch
buildings. Two of them replace buildings
which had been outgrown, and three are
new branches created to meet the demands
of the rapidly growing population in the
northern part of the city. Of these five
buildings, two have been selected as being
•typical of the modern city branch library,
,and this number of the JOURNAL contains
floor plans and views of their exteriors.
The Washington Heights branch, located
:at 1000 St. Nicholas avenue, was chosen
as showing the style of building preferred
for a corner lot, and the one at Fort
Washington (535 West I79th street), for
its fitness for a deep and narrow city lot
in the middle of a block. In the Fort
Washington branch the adult circulation
and reference room is on the first floor,
and the children's room on the second.
Club rooms and janitor's apartment occupy
the top floor, and an assembly room seat-
ing 250 people is in the basement. At
Washington Heights the ground floor is
given over to the children, the adult cir-
culation room has the first floor, and the
reading and reference room the second
floor, while the top floor contains two large
study rooms for clubs and the janitor's
apartment. The study rooms can be thrown
together for lecture purposes, and will seat
about 250. When the Girls' Club gave its
play there about a month ago one room
was used for a stage and the other for an
auditorium. The Washington Heights Tax-
payers' Association of about 75 men holds
its meetings in one of the study rooms, and
two boys' clubs hold regular fortnightly
meetings. Next winter it is hoped to ar-
range for a public forum on questions of
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444
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[June, 1914.
GROUND FLOOR PLAN, WASHINGTON HEIGHTS
BRANCH
the day. The Washington Heights branch
was built at a cost of $125,000, including
equipment, from plans by Carrere and
Hastings, while the Fort Washington
branch was designed by Messrs. Walter
Cook and Winthrop A. Welch, and cost
about $115,000.
Dr. Johnson says: "Dictionaries are like
watches;* the worst is better than none,
and the best cannot be expected to go
quite true."
TRUST DEED BY ANDREW CARNE-
GIE, ESQUIRE, CREATING THE
CARNEGIE UNITED KINGDOM
TRUST
DATED 3RD OCTOBER, 1913, AND REGISTERED
IN THE BOOKS OF COUNCIL AND SES-
SION, 4TH DECEMBER, 1913
I, Andrew Carnegie, of New York City,,
and of Skibo, in the County of Sutherland,,
considering that I have for some years past
distributed in Great Britain and Ireland,
the revenue of nearly ten million dollars
(first) for the erection of public libraries
maintained from the local rates, and
(second) for aiding the acquisition of or-
gans by churches of all denominations; my
reasons for selecting public libraries being,
my belief, as Carlyle has recorded, that
"the true university of these days is a col-
lection of books," and that thus such li-
braries are entitled to a first place as in-
struments for the elevation of the masses-
of the people; and in regard to organs,
because of my own experience that the
organ is one of the most elevating of
voices, often causing me to murmur the
words of Confucius as I listen to its peals,.
"Music, sacred tongue of God, I hear thee
calling and I come"; and also because of
the consolation I experience under the in-
fluence of a maxim of the same Seer —
"All worship being intended for the true
God, howsoever addressed, reaches and is
accepted by him":
And now finding it essential to provide
for the future permanent administration of
this fund by residents within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,,
who are familiar with prevailing conditions
and are hence better qualified to judge as-
to the utility of the purposes above stated,,
as well as other purposes which may ap-
pear to them of as much or more impor-
tance, it being my impression that the de-
mand for public libraries will grow less as
cities supply themselves -with these indis-
pensable agencies for the benefit of the
masses; and that the calls for organs will
decrease, considering the large number al-
ready supplied, particularly if it be under-
stood, as I desire that it may, that only
such congregations shall receive grants as
June, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
445
are in needy circumstances and unable to
(provide organs for themselves:
And considering that I having been much
gratified with the highly satisfactory man-
ner in which the Carnegie Dunfermline
trustees have administered the trust com-
mitted to them by a trust deed, dated
^eighteenth August, Nineteen hundred and
three, as well as by their administration of
.-the Carnegie Hero Fund Trust, committed
to them by a trust deed, dated seventeenth
October, Nineteen hundred and eight, and
being desirous that this additional trust
should be associated with Dunfermline, en-
••deared to me as my native town, and hal-
lowed with many precious associations, I
expressed to these trustees my wish that
they should undertake the administration
•of its affairs, but with power (in accord-
ance with their own expressed desire) in
.consideration of the wide area of admin-
istration, to select other individuals to act
as additional trustees, along with them-
•selves, as hereinafter provided; with which
•wish they readily agreed to comply,
Therefore, I hereby undertake, and bind
rand objige myself, my heirs, executors, and
^successors, forthwith validly to transfer
.and deliver in trust bonds of the United
.'States Steel Corporation, of the aggregate
tface value of ten million dollars, bearing
•interest at five per cent, per annum, to
;and in favor of
1. David Deas Blair, solicitor, Dunferm-
line.
2. James Brown, dyer, Dunfermline.
3. The Right Honorable Edward James
Lord Bruce.
4. John Hynd, retired miner, Dunferm-
line.
5. James Currie Macbeth, solicitor, Dun-
fermline.
"6. George Mathewson, manufacturer,
Dunfermline.
7. Sir William Robertson, knight, Dun-
fermline.
8. John Ross, doctor of laws, Dunferm-
line.
9. Andrew Scobie, architect, Dunferm-
line.
•io. Andrew Reid Shearer, manufacturer,
iDunfermline.
11. The Reverend Robert Stevenson, M.A.,
Dunfermline.
12. Alan Leonard Smith Tuke, bachelor
of medicine and master of surgery,
Dunfermline.
and also to and in favor of six members
of the Corporation of Dunfermline, and
three members of the School Board of
Dunfermline, or other educational author-
ity of the Burgh for the time being, those
members of these bodies at present acting
as trustees of "The Carnegie Dunfermline
Trust/' being hereby nominated as the first
to act in the trust hereby constituted, and
who will continue to act during the cur-
rency of their present appointments, and
thereafter those to act being chosen by the
respective bodies for such periods as they
may respectively determine in all time com-
ing; the provost of the corporation and
the chairman of the school board or other
educational authority for the time, being
always of the said six and three members
respectively, providing always that in the
event of any failure by the above bodies
to elect members, the other trustees shall
have full power to act alone :
And likewise to and in favor of such
persons as the trustees, who are hereinbe-
fore personally named, may from time to
time assume, or as may be assumed by the
successors of those so named or so as-
sumed, in the manner provided by the law
of Scotland for the assumption of trustees,
to act along with themselves, and with the
other trustees before referred to, it being
hereby provided that if the persons so as-
sumed shall be holders of public official
positions, each of them while holding such
a position shall be entitled to act either by
himself, or to nominate and appoint an
assessor to act on his behalf, with the same
powers and immunities as if such assessor
were herein named as a trustee, such as-
sessor holding office during the pleasure of
the trustee by whom he may have been
appointed ;
And the whole body of trustees herein
named or referred to, or to be assumed,
and the aforesaid assessors shall be desig-
nated "The Carnegie United Kingdom
Trustees," and are hereinafter named "The
Trustees," of whom seven members present
446
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[June, 1914
at any meeting duly called shall form a
quorum ;
And I hereby provide that the income
from the said bonds, and from such other
investments as may from time to time be
held by the trustees, shall be applied by
them, for the improvement of the well-
being of the masses of the people of Great
Britain and Ireland, by such means as are
embraced within the meaning of the word
"charitable," according to Scotch or Eng-
lish law, and which the trustees may from
time to time select as best fitted from age
to age for securing these purposes, remem-
bering that new needs are constantly aris-
ing as the masses advance.
And I hereby explain that as I have al-
ready provided for my native town a fund,
administered under the trust deed first
above referred to, yielding thirty-seven
thousand five hundred pounds per annum,
it is unnecessary that any part of the in-
come of the trust hereby created be used
for that town, and the Carnegie Dunferm-
line trustees will thus be relieved from
what might be considered an equivocal pos-
ition, and will take rank with the other
trustees to be assumed as equally disinter-
ested and equally desirous to benefit the
masses of the United Kingdom:
And I hereby specially provide that my
trustees shall apply no part of the income
towards research designed to promote the
development of implements or munitions of
war, and I expressly prohibit any part of
the trust funds from being used in any
way which could lend countenance to war
or to warlike preparations :
And I recommend them to consider the
propriety of providing, or of aiding in the
providing of public baths, the success of
such baths in Dunfermline having been
very remarkable and having been the
means of stimulating other cities to fol-
low that city in its character as a pioneer
city:
And I provide that such changes in the
objects to which the income may be ap-
plied, may be effected by a majority of
two-thirds of the trustees present and vot-
ing at a meeting duly called and in respect
to which notice has been given of the bus-
iness proposed to be transacted:
And I hereby direct the trustees from
time to time to appoint an executive com-
mittee to whom may be deputed the admin-
istration of the trust, one half of the mem-
bers to be chosen from among the persons
assumed to act as trustees who are not
members of the Carnegie Dunfermline
Trust, or the assessors appointed by them,
and the other half to be chosen from
among the trustees who are members of
the Carnegie Dunfermline Trust:
And I further empower the trustees to
appoint such officers as they may think re-
quired for the conduct of the business of
the trust, at such salaries, and under such
conditions as they think proper; and to
provide suitable offices, by leasing, pur-
chasing, or, after a few years, building the
same, care being taken in erecting a build-
ing that it shall be fire-proof, and plain,
solid and stately:
And I hereby confer on the trustees all
the powers and immunities conferred upon
trustees under the various trusts (Scot-
land) acts, and without prejudice to this
generality, the following powers and im-
munities, namely — power to uplift and
realize the said bonds, and the principal
sums therein contained, and the interest
thereof, to grant discharges or receipts
therefor, to sell the said bonds either by
public roup or private bargain, at such
prices and on such terms as they may deem
reasonable, to assign or transfer the same,
to sue for payment of the principal sums
or interest, either in or out of the United
Kingdom, to invest the sums which from
time to time may be received from the said
bonds, on such securities, as they in their
discretion may select, and to alter or vary
the investments from time to time as they
may think proper; all which investments
may be taken in the names of the chair-
man and secretary of the trust and their
successors in office for the time being,
With power also to form a reserve fund
from the income of the trust investments,
which may at any time be used for any of
the trust purposes.
And I hereby expressly provide and de-
clare that the trustees shall not to any
extent, or in any way be responsible for
the safety of the said bonds or securities,
June, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
447
or for any depreciation in the value of the
said bonds or securities, or for the honesty
or solvency of those to whom the same may
be entrusted, relying as I do on the belief
that the trustees herein appointed or to be
assumed shall act honorably;
And I empower the trustees to receive
and administer any other funds or property
which may be donated or bequeathed to
them for similar purposes to the purposes
of this trust;
And I also empower them to frame stand-
ing orders for regulating the carrying on
of the business of the trust and procedure
at meetings, including the appointment of
a chairman, who shall have a casting as
well as a deliberative vote; and to make
such arrangements and lay down from time
to time such rules as to the signature of
deeds, transfers, agreements, cheques, re-
ceipts and other writings, as they may con-
sider desirable in order to secure the due
and safe transaction of the business of the
trust ;
And I provide and declare that the
traveling and personal expenses which the
trustees or their assessors may incur in
attending meetings or otherwise in carry-
ing out the business of the trust shall be
paid from the trust income;
And I appoint that the accounts of the
trustees shall annually be audited by an
auditor to be appointed on their application
by the Sheriff of the County of Fife, and
that an abstract of the accounts, as audited,
shall be inserted in one or more newspapers
published in each of the cities of London,
Dublin and Edinburgh, and also that a
report of their proceedings be printed and
widely distributed; and I consent to the
registration hereof in the Books of Council
and Session for preservation ; in witness
whereof I have subscribed these presents
... at Skibo Castle, on the third day of
October Nineteen hundred and thirteen,
before these witnesses, Louise Whitfield
Carnegie, my wife, Margaret Carnegie, my
daughter, and Estelle Whitfield, my sister-
in-law.
ANDREW CARNEGIE.
Louise Whitfield Carnegie, Witness.
Margaret Carnegie, Witness.
Estelle Whitfield, Witness.
THE LIBRARY WORK THAT THE
NORMAL SCHOOL OUGHT TO DO *
MORE than any other type of school, the
training school for teachers should incul-
cate the library spirit. If we can train our
teachers to have more than a mechanical
or passive use for books, we may then ex-
pect boys and girls in school years and men
and women in after years to value books
rightly. The library spirit is more than
technical details, more than expertness in
the use of books. It is enthusiasm for
books, interest in thinking, knowledge of
life, and willingness to serve. The normal
school library should be an active educa-
tional force.
Teachers should use books naturally and
with confidence. The library in the teach-
ers' training school should be so equipped
and conducted as to make this use and con-
fidence not only possible but habitual. The
worth of a book is in its use. The purpose
of a library is not that a man shall sit with
his nose in a book, but that by means of a
book he shall become better informed, en-
larged in spirit, strengthened in life.
The field of the normal school library is
the whole world of ideas. Its materials
are not books alone, but pictures, maps,
charts, lantern slides, all visualizing aids.
A teachers' library should as readily and
willingly tell where to buy bubble fountains
or the best drawing supplies as to furnish
material about Pestalozzi. It should ren-
der such informational service as readily
without the school as within.
All the details of advisable organization
and equipment for an effective normal
school library cannot here be given. I
mention what I would be inclined to con-
sider the essentials :
First, a librarian alive to the educational
possibilities of his work, tactful in handling
people, able to cope in general scholarship
with any and all members of the faculty, in-
formed and sensible as to modern library
methods, a leader. Such a librarian is wor-
thy of recognition as a head of a depart-
ment, with corresponding salary, and he
* Read before the Department of Normal Schools,
National Education Association, Salt Lake, July, 1913.
.448
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[June, 1914
.-should not serve under any other condi-
.tions.
Second, enough skilled help. Library as-
sistants in a well-conducted library perform
more brain work in a day than a teacher
.does. The skill with which students are
brought into contact with books and ideas
is all-important. The worth of a library is
in the way it is used.
Third, give the library and the librarian
a chance to exercise initiative. Make a
definite apportionment of funds to the li-
brary, and allow the librarian large latitude
in formulating the policy of expenditure.
The actual amount given the library is not
so important as that the library shall be al-
lowed to work out its place. However, not
,even a librarian can make bricks of straw.
Fourth, let the student body and the
teaching staff expect from the library ac-
, curate, prompt, and sympathetic help on
any kind of topic, at any time.
It will be seen that the writer would em-
phasize personality in the library, as in all
teaching. First a forceful librarian, then
sufficient trained help possessed of the
teacher attitude, then some freedom of pol-
icy— and then expect results.
As rapidly as need arises and funds per-
•mit, I would favor the organization of the
following departments of library service:
i. Reference. This department will co-
operate with professors and students in all
phases of bibliographic work, from simplest
topics to advanced research. It will be up-
to-date in equipment, an essential being ver-
tical files for clippings, bibliographies, pic-
tures, and ephemeral material, which is
most useful while it is fresh. The sort of
library here in mind will keep it fresh. The
reference librarian will cooperate closely
with departments of instruction in prepar-
ing and making accessible material for stu-
dent use. This will be done partially by
frequent visits to classrooms by the ref-
erence librarian. The library will thus take
up instruction, so far as it is related to
library resources, right at the point where
the teacher leaves it. The reference libra-
rian performing such service vwill be ac-
corded faculty rank.
2. Children's department. This division
of the library's teaching work will have a
room of its own, easily accessible to the
children of the training school, and pleas-
antly furnished. A trained teacher-libra-
rian will be in charge. The department will
be conducted particularly as the library lab-
oratory for critic teachers, practice teach-
ers, and students who feel the need of
knowing children's books and school library
methods — and all teachers need that.
Classes from the training school will come
frequently to the children's department for
illustrative material or for class study of
many books. The children's department
will have a system of classroom libraries,
changed at need, in the training school
rooms. This department will have a liberal
equipment of illustrative material — pic-
tures, duplicate copies of poems, post cards,
lantern slides, drawing models, Edison
school kinetoscope and film, post card pro-
jector. It will be a model library for a
school, both a teachers' laboratory and a
standing object lesson.
3. High school department. In any nor-
mal school having a model high school or a
high school department of importance, the
library should provide special high school
service. The adolescent requires adaptation
of library method. The high school depart-
ment, for example, will take up vocational
guidance work in close cooperation with
the department of instruction in English.
The development of high school libraries
everywhere will be immeasurably stimu-
lated by a practical working high school li-
brary in every normal school. The possi-
bilities are boundless, almost.
4. Extension. Extra-mural loans are a
legitimate part of the normal school li-
brary's educational service. Loan collec-
tions on special subjects, adapted to the
state texts, can be used effectively as a
stimulus to schools to form their own libra-
ries. Clippings, pamphlets, debate and es-
say material, suggestions for special cele-
brations and amateur dramatics, will be
useful and greatly appreciated. Even du-
plicate collections of post cards, pictures,
lantern slides, and kinetoscope films might
June, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
449
be loaned. As well serve teachers in the
work as in the making.
5. Teaching of library use, school library
organisation, and children's literature. This
is a fundamental of fundamentals in teacher-
training. Every student should be taught
to use his school library, should learn how
to instruct boys and girls in the ready and
confident use of books and libraries, should
learn the essentials of school library or-
ganization and use (not necessarily techni-
cal and complex, but enough system to pre-
serve the school library and to obtain in-
terest in its use), and should learn to know
the books which boys and girls ought to
love. This instruction is of sufficient im-
portance and amount to justify the em-
ployment of a special teacher or professor
of library science. If the librarian is to
give this instruction, please count the time
and strength required, and remember that
executive duties and teaching work some-
times interfere with each other.
When all teachers know how to use
books, and all schools have libraries, all
educational work will have become more
effective in producing strength and indi-
viduality and unselfishness of character.
WILLIS H. KERR.
A SHORT AND EASY METHOD
WITH PAMPHLETS
HAVE a card-catalog case for pamphlets
as they come in. Let the cards herein be
the accession list of all pamphlets, each
one of which will be dated for time of ac-
cession in addition to date of imprint. Ar-
range them alphabetically under authors in
the catalog, but chronologically in the
pamphlet-boxes. Put on each box the date
of imprint; in case of many pamphlets for
one year, number the boxes by integers for
that year. Then, as judgment, demands of
readers, or time and money permit, take
important ones out of these provisional
boxes and either catalog them as books or
keep them in boxes classified by subject.
In the ordinary library, this arrange-
ment is only for individual pamphlets; se-
rials must be treated separately, though if
time forbade it would be advantageous to
have serials under their dates. In such an
arrangement all the magazines of one
month or year would come together, and
could be separated and bound up at con-
venience. Indeed, in an historical library
it would be to the student's advantage to
have all the serials for one year perma-
nently together. Such an arrangement
would be of immense value to the histo-
rian.
The economy of the chronological meth-
od lies in the fact that the classification
mark is already provided, viz., the date.
For undated matter, any expert can ap-
proximately date most things, and arrange-
ment by decades might do for such. Fail-
ing an expert, the librarian of a small li-
brary could easily arrange undated matter
alphabetically.
In dealing with pamphlets, economy of
the librarian's time is a leading considera-
tion. The demand for the average pam-
phlet is not urgent enough to justify the
enormous expenditure of time required by
the same careful cataloging and classifica-
tion bestowed on books. Then again there
is the time consumed in collation. To put
aside a pamphlet as a duplicate upon mere
memory or even by collation of title with
the card catalog is dangerous : the library's
extant copy may be soiled, torn or minus a
frontispiece, etc., and nothing short of col-
lation with the pamphlet itself will do.
This takes time. Indeed it is easier to re-
catalog a pamphlet and file it away than to
collate it. Collation is especially tedious
when pamphlets are elaborately classified.
Take a bundle of a dozen pamphlets to
collate, and one must carefully note the
classification marks for each (often neces-
sitating more time consumed by consulting
the catalog), and then take each one to the
place in the library occupied by its dupli-
cate, or, conversely, bring each one to the
room where the bundle is.
It is therefore an economy to catalog
duplicates rather than spend time in colla-
tion. The catalog can be periodically gone
through for duplicates. When these are
in different classes, leave them where they
are, for the library is thereby enriched.
For example, a Valley Forge article may
be appropriately duplicated under Chester
Co., Pa., and Revolutionary incidents. But
450
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[June, 1914
when duplicates are in the same class they
are easily collated and one of them thrown
out. Consequently a single class for all
pamphlets is a great desideratum. There
are two available:
1. The alphabetical;
2. The chronological.
No. i is probably the more convenient
for general libraries, but No. 2 for histor-
ical ones. In the library of the Historical
Society of Pennsylvania we have a class
of political pamphlets arranged by years,
from the Revolution to the Civil War, and
it would be well to extend this principle
much further. Thus the pamphlets at-
tached to states and cities should certainly
be chronologically arranged.
It takes a specialist to classify pamphlets
accurately by subject, whereas any child
can arrange them chronologically. Conse-
quently much valuable matter lies in our
huranes unused and is often destroyed as
a burden, when it could so easily be made
available to students.
ALBERT J. EDMUNDS.
A MODIFICATION OF THE DEWEY
CLASSIFICATION
THE changes made in the Dewey classifi-
cation as used by the Somerville Library
were explained by Mrs. Coe, of the Somer-
ville Public Library staff, at the meeting of
the Massachusetts Library Club, Jan. 22.
The circumstances under which Mrs. Coe
works are these: she need consider only
the Book room collection, limited to 45,000
volumes; her aim must be to keep this an
up-to-date working collection, to retire su-
perseded books as fast as better ones or
more recent editions are added, to lean on
the great libraries of Boston and Cam-
bridge for the historic background, special
collections or needs of the special student;
her classification, therefore, can be broad,
supplemented by specified subject headings
in the card catalog. This is the scheme in
part:
016 omit, and place subject bibliographies
at the end of the subject, using 2 in the
Cutter number, e.g., 82iZS means bibliog-
raphy or criticism of poetry.
Do not classify magazines, but arrange
in one alphabet by title.
190 omit subdivisions and alphabet by
philosophers.
378.4-98 arrange college catalogs, etc.,
alphabetically.
400 lean towards 800 whenever possible.
621.3 let this attract all applications of
electricity, leaving theory to 537.
800-809 as follows:
808 composition, rhetoric and criticism of
the art of writing.
808. i the writing of poetry.
808.2 the writing of drama.
808.3 see 823.
808.4 see 808.
808.5 debates and debating, omit 374.24,
808.6 the art of letter writing, with ex-
amples, e.g., Lucas' "Gentlest art."
808.8 in reference books, quotations; in
circulating books, collections of English and
American poetry and prose, abandoning for
this 810.8, 820.8 and 821.8, also translations
in 870.8, 880.8, etc. Books of quotations-
in or from any language become reference
808.8.
809 History of literature in general.
809.1 History of poetry.
809.2 History of drama, etc.
809.3 omit, see 823.
810.2 Compends.
810.3 Dictionaries.
810.9 History of American literature.
820.9 History of English literature.
821 English and American poetry in one
alphabet.
82iZ History and criticism of English
and American poetry.
82iZ Bibliographies of English and
American poetry.
821.1 Early ballads, anonymous. Place
modern ballads with 821 and collections of
modern ballads in 808.8.
822 Drama — English and American.
822.3 Shakespeare — A, special classifica-
tion.
823 History and criticism of fiction.
8237 Dictionary of fiction, authors, fic-
tion bibliography, etc., with Z.
824 English and American prose. Let
this attract all essays not better classified
by subject, all books from 826 not better
placed in biography, all books from 828.
825 English and American oratory.
June, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
451
826 Abandon for 824 or Individual biog-
raphy.
827 English and American humor.
828 Abandon for 824.
829 Anglo-Saxon literature.
831 German poetry.
83 1 Z German poetry, history and criti-
cism.
833 German fiction.
833Z German fiction, history and criti-
cism, etc.
870 Latin literature, omit subdivisions,
and alphabet by author or written about,
i.e., all by Virgil and about him under
870 V, etc.
880 Greek literature, ditto.
HISTORY
900-909 use —
910 and decimal points — use.
911 Historical geography and atlases.
912 General maps-atlases.
912.3 All other atlases Cutter by subject,
i.e., M4ic Atlas of Mass, by Grain.
913-919 omit. See history numbers.
920 omit. Use instead —
9 Individual biography Cutter by person
written about.
92 Reference collective biography — Biog-
raphy dictionaries. But abandon 920 for
all circulating Collective biography and
classify each collection under its subject, as
biography of inventors, 608 Invention, etc.
929 Ref. Heraldry.
929.6 Ref. Flags.
930-999 History and travel classified to-
gether in all countries where the amount of
history does not justify a chronologic sub-
division. In such countries as, i.e., Eng-
land, it is treated as follows:
942 General histories of England.
942.01 Anglo-Saxon.
942.02 Norman, etc., to
942.08 Here include history of the period
and travel written during this period. This
will practically give all travel in the last
period of English history.
Use geographic subdivisions for all local
history and travel by countries or cities,
i.e., 942.1 London. Let this attract all
books on London.
Mrs. Coe's description of the changes she
had made was followed by a good deal of
general discussion. A great many ques-
tions were asked and many suggestions of-
fered concerning the practical working out
of details.
Miss Abbott, of Brookline, told in what
respects the usage of that library differed
from or agreed 'with that outlined by Mrs.
Coe.
Miss Brown, organizer for the Massa-
chusetts Library Commission, endorsed the
scheme as simplifying classification. Books
should fall naturally into a group, rather
than be forced into a logical division of a
subject.
Mr. Davis, librarian of the Waltham Li-
brary, would advocate trying the simpler
system, if means were available.
A LITTLE-KNOWN FREE LIBRARY
IN ST. PETERSBURG
THERE are very few free libraries in
Russia, and their daily life is still almost
unknown. In the third number of the 1913
issue of Bibliotekar, the Russian library
periodical, A. Pyeshekhonova has an ar-
ticle entitled "From the life of a free li-
brary."
This particular library, the library of
the Ligovski People's House, in St. Peters-
burg, has been in existence fifteen years
and is actually free to all. It gives out
books for home reading to everybody
without requiring either deposit or refer-
ences.
The library was opened in 1898 in the
time of the restricted catalogs of the Min-
istry of Public Instruction. Up to that
time any one wishing to buy books for a
library was obliged to present to the super-
visor two copies of the list of books recom-
mended for the library with dates and
numbers of the approval of the scientific
committee of the Ministry of Public In-
struction. It was a matter of common oc-
currence that a book, sometimes a book for
children, approved by the scientific com-
mittee, would be rejected by the super-
visor of the public libraries, and then it
was impossible to get the book for circula-
tion. It can be easily understood how dif-
452
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[June, 1914
iicult it was to organize and conduct a
library when no catalogs or indexes were
in existence.
The necessity of having a free library
became more pronounced when free even-
ing and Sunday lectures were established.
At first the general call was for "trashy"'
books, which the readers were used to and
which they could not get in the library, to
their great disappointment. Gradually the
readers began to call for books on history,
natural science, philosophy and applied
science. Russian classics also became pop-
ular, with Tolstoi in first place; then Tur-
genev and Pushkin. In 1905 [the time of
the Russian Revolution] the general call
was for books on the French Revolution;
in 1910 [when Tolstoi died] books by Tol-
stoi were widely read.
The following figures are a good illus-
tration of the activity of this library. The
library was opened with 445 volumes ; up
to June i, 1913, it had 7000 volumes. In
the first year it had 130 readers; in 1912-
1913 it had 3000. The number of books in
circulation for the first year was 3648;
during 1912-1913 it grew to 40,000. Such
increase of readers can be explained by the
entirely free access to the library.
In order that the book may find its way
to the reader more easily, the library com-
piles catalogs and exhibits covers of books,
which can tell more to the readers than
the catalog. On some special occasions
portraits of writers, or of men of prom-
inence, are exhibited with a proper list of
books.
The special problem the library faces is
the selection of good books. Although it
has the advice of specialists on some sub-
jects, yet their views are often one-sided;
on the other hand, to follow the wishes of
the readers in buying books is often dan-
gerous. The best solution the library finds
is in the issue of a "normal catalog," which
will be a great benefit to the public libra-
ries. This idea was approved by the li-
brary convention in 1911.
In 1905 a children's library, almost the
first in Russia, was opened on the same
basis as the library for adults. The result
was very satisfactory. In the year 1912,
1400 children used the library. When the
number wishing to draw books becomes too
great about the charging desk, they are
seated at long tables near by and a book
is given to each to help them pass the time
of waiting. Sometimes groups are led to
an adjoining room, where an attendant
reads to them, but story hours as con-
ducted in America are still unknown.
CONNECTICUT STATE LIBRARY
AND SUPREME COURT BUILD-
ING, HARTFORD
THIS building, the cornerstone of which
was laid May 25, 1909, with proper cere-
monies, in which the state officers, members
of the General Assembly, heads of state de-
partments, and the various Masonic bodies
of the state participated, was turned over
to the state by the Building Commission on
Feb. 10, 1914. A brief description of the
exercises, accompanied by exterior and in-
.terior views, was printed in the LIBRARY
JOURNAL for March.
The building is of granite, an adaptation
of the Italian renaissance style of architec-
ture, fire-proof throughout, and is a com-
panion building to the beautiful Capitol
just across the lawn. It is T-shaped, with
a frontage of 294 ft. 8 in. on Capitol ave-
nue and a north to south depth of 137 ft.
6 in. The east and west wings of the T
are each 106 ft. 8 in. long and 84 ft. 3 in.
wide. The stem of the T or south wing is
60 ft. wide and 76 ft. 6 in. long. The main
entrance has been placed 90 ft. back from
the curb; entrances are also on ground
floor at east and west ends.
The building is divided into three main
floors, with a basement under the central
portion which accommodates the entire
heating and ventilating machinery, and
from which starts the proposed subway to
the Capitol. The boilers for heating are
located in a separate building. The ground
floor is on the level of the street curb. The
main floor, upon which is located the main
reading room of the State Library, Memo-
rial Hall, and Supreme Court room, is four-
teen feet above the ground floor, and is
reached from Capitol avenue by granite
steps. This is a large room with barrel
vaulted ceiling, which is carried by mas-
June, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
453
sive columns and pilasters executed in
marble of buff color. Located at the east
end of this central hall, and opening from
it is the main reading room of the State
Library; on the west end is the Supreme
Court room and its several departments,
while adjoining on the south opposite the
main entrance is the Memorial Hall. Pro-
vision has been made in this hall for por-
traits of the governors, Stuart's portrait of
Washington, and display of the Old Char-
ter; it occupies the stem of the T and is
51 ft. wide, 85 ft. long and 35 ft. high, am-
ply lighted by means of an artistic sky-
light.
The Supreme Court room, 43 ft. wide, 56
ft. long and 35 ft. high, is conveniently
located with reference to the offices of the
several officers of the court and the studies
of the several associate justices, all of
which are provided with the most modern
equipment.
The library reading room, located in the
east wing, is 43 ft. wide, 90 ft. long and
35 ft. high, and lighted by six large win-
dows facing north. Along the south side
of this room is placed a two-story steel
stack with open shelves for the law library
and general works of reference. The bal-
ance of the floor will be occupied by the
special study and reference tables and cat-
alog cases. Located near this main read-
ing room is the librarian's office, the main
stack room, the study and dictation rooms,
vaults for archives, records, valuable pa-
pers and collections, the newspaper room
and rooms for cataloging, repairing, pack-
ing and storing.
The building is equipped with three auto-
matic passenger and service elevators, a
modern heating and ventilating plant, and
should meet the needs of the state as the
home of its Supreme Court and State Li-
brary for generations. The large number
of gifts of special collections already re-
ceived from individuals and societies are
evidences that the facilities offered are
appreciated.
The cost of the site was $136,515.69, and
the building, when completed and fur-
nished, cost $1,287,631.81, making the total
cost $1,424,147.50.
The members of the commission in
charge of the construction of the building
were: Morgan G. Bulkeley, Hartford; H.
Wales Lines, Meriden; W. O. Burr, Hart-
ford; Charles C. Cook, West Hartford;
L. W. Robinson, New Haven; ex-officio,
Thomas D. Bradstreet, Thomaston, and in
1913-14, Daniel P. Dunn. G. S. G.
OPENING OF NEW BUILDING AT
NEW ROCHELLE
THE new library building at New Ro-
chelle, N. Y., was opened to the public for
inspection Saturday, May 9, both after-
noon and evening, and on May 10 from 2
to 6 p.m. Circulation of books from the
new building began May u. The old
building was closed two weeks before,
when moving of the books began, and
patrons, especially the children, were en-
couraged to take an added number of vol-
umes to tide them over the interval.
There were no formal exercises in con-
nection with the opening, but several ex-
hibitions were on display. The Garden
Club had its spring exhibition of flowers,
both cultivated and wild, in the adult cir-
culation and reference rooms. On the bal-
ustrades around the staircase several beau-
tiful oriental rugs were shown, and in the
upper hall the Huguenot Association of
New Rochelle had an interesting collection
of relics associated with the early history
of the town.
In the exhibition room some thirty or
forty local artists, many of them very well
known, had their first exhibition. Here-
tofore there has been no suitable gallery
in New Rochelle for holding such an ex-
hibit, and the suggestion of having it in
connection with the opening of the library
met with cordial cooperation. Among the
pictures shown was a large canvas, "The
snow trail," by the late Frederic Reming-
ton, and other well-known exhibitors were
E. W. Kemble, Charles M. Relyea, Orson
Lowell, M. H. Lowell, J. P. Leyendecker,
Frank X. Leyendecker, C. Coles Phillips,
Fred Dana Marsh, A.N.A., G. Glenn New-
ell, A.A.A., Lucius W. Hitchcock, Alta
West Salisbury, Charles H. Wright, Lydia
454
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[June, 1914
NEW ROCHELLE PUBLIC LIBRARY — FIRST FLOOR PLAN
NEW ROCHELLE PUBLIC LIBRARY — SECOND FLOOR PLAN
June, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
455
Field Emmet, and H. B. Stanton. The pic-
tures overflowed into the children's room,
and were the center of a great deal of
interest.
The building, which was designed by
Albert Randolph Ross, of New York
City, comprises two stories and a base-
ment. The first floor, three feet above
grade, contains a delivery room directly
accessible from the main entrance; a
children's room at the right, provided
with an independent exterior entrance, and
a general reading room with connecting
librarian's and cataloger's rooms. Back of
the delivery room is placed the book stack
with public entrance and exit and the main
stairway to the second floor. A unique
feature of the delivery room is the division
of the delivery counter and stack entrance,
books being received at the right and
charged at the left counter, the stairway
being on the central axis lighted from
above. The stack room capacity at eight
•volumes per foot is 72,440 volumes.
The usual provisions for heating, staff
rest room, public toilets, storage, first stack
story, etc., are placed in the basement. On
the second floor are a continuation of the
stack room, a reception room, exhibition
room and reference room.
The architectural design throughout is
based upon a rather free adaptation of the
Georgian period. The materials of the ex-
terior are white marble, light" colored brick
and mat-glazed terra cotta, with a sparing
use of color. With the exception of the
doors and windows, the building is fire-
proof. The book stacks are of steel, and
the fixed and movable furniture are of oak
stained and finished to harmonize with the
general color treatment of the walls, ceil-
ings and floors. The floors of the reading
rooms are laid in cork tiles, and the de-
livery and receptior room above in buff
quarry tile.
The building is heated by steam, wired
and piped for electric and gas lighting, and
provision is made for master clock and
vacuum cleaning systems.
The general contract was made for
$56,807; the steel stack, $11,241; and the
-wood furniture, $7466.90.
NEW YORK'S MUNICIPAL REFER-
ENCE LIBRARY
THE Municipal Reference branch of the
New York Public Library has been moved
from its former quarters in the finance de-
partment offices to its permanent home in
the new municipal building, where it occu-
pies a large room on the fifth floor. Per-
manent stacks are not yet installed, but
their arrangement is planned, and they will
be so located that later a mezzanine gal-
lery can be put in when extra shelf room
is needed. The library is only a little over
a year old, and in gathering material dur-
ing this time particular attention has been
paid to collecting the records and reports
of New York City, not only recent ones,
but those of earlier dates, until now a very
complete file, enabling the worker to do
valuable research work in local municipal
history, is the result. From now on more
attention will be paid to supplementing the
material already on hand relating to New
York state and the leading cities of this
country and abroad. Mr. Campbell, the
new librarian, is anxious to build up a li-
brary that will not only be of use to the
men actually engaged in carrying on the
work of the city departments, but to which
any voter interested in municipal affairs
(as every voter should be) will feel free
to apply for information along the special
lines of his interests.
THE BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY
OF LONDON
IN a letter to the New York Evening
Post of May 7, George William Harris, of
Cornell University, writes as follows con-
cerning the Bibliographical Society of
London :
"The action taken by the Bibliograph-
ical Society of London at the annual meet-
ing in January will be welcome news to
American libraries and collectors. Follow-
ing the suggestion of the Hon. Secretary,
A. W. Pollard, that (to commemorate the
Society's coming of age) the membership
roll, which was fixed at 300 in 1894, might
be reopened for a few months, it was
unanimously voted that, during the year
456
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[June, 1914
CARNEGIE CORPORATION LIBRARY
GIFTS— APRIL, 1914
ORIGINAL GIFTS, UNITED STATES
1914, the council be empowered to elect
members irrespective of the number al-
ready on the roll, and that the rule restrict-
ing the roll of English and American mem-
bers of the Society to 300 be for this pe- Andrews, North Carolina $5,000
riod suspended. Bridgeport, Connecticut (2 branch
"A rare opportunity is thus given to buildings) 50,000
those who have hitherto been unable to Burlington, Washington 5,000
obtain the publications of the Society, Coatesville Town and Clay Town-
which are distributed only to members. shiP> Indiana 8,000
* * * Corbin, Kentucky 6,000
"For the year 1914 it is proposed to issue Elk City Oklahoma 10,000
Volume XII of the Transactions, which, Fitzgerald Georgia. 12,500
in addition to the papers read in the last Florence South Carolina 10,000
two sessions, will contain 'Notes on bib- Huntsville, Missouri 8,000
liographical evidence for literary students ^™^™*>^™*" "".'"•
and editors/ by R. B. McKerrow; a volume ?ark County (Cody), Wyoming. . 15,000
containing Gordon Duff's 'Catalogue of Pe»nton School District No. 9
English incunabula' ; and, if funds permit, D <f a![P°*>' New/A°J "^"" ' I>0°°
Gray and Palmer's 'Abstracts of wills of R°ckville Town and Adams Town-
Cambridge stationers.' Since its f ounda- c shlP> Indiana. - — ' • • ' - • ; > °'oo°
tion, the Society has been able to spend Stambaugh Township, Michigan.. 12,500
very nearly its whole income from sub- Stanton, Nebraska .^
scriptions on paper and prints, its other
expenses being defrayed from entrance
fees, sales of publications to new members, ORIGINAL GIFTS, CANADA
and the interest on invested life-subscrip- Stirling, Ontario
tions; and, without any solicitation on the Tavistock, Ontario 7,500
part of the Society, it has recently received
a grant of £100 from the treasury, mainly $I2>5°°
to help the publication of Mr. Duff's book.
A fuller statement of the objects of the LIBRARY TRAINING COURSES IN
Society, with a list of the books it has MICHIGAN NORMAL SCHOOLS
printed, can be obtained from either of the
Hon. Secretaries (A. W. Pollard, 40 Mur- IN the answers to a recent questionnaire
ray Road, Wimbledom, London, S. W., or sent to state and county school superin-
R. B. McKerrow, 4 Phoenix Lodge Man- tendents, the training of teachers to secure
sions, Brook Green, London, W.), to whom effective use of rural school libraries was
also names of candidates may be sent. The mentioned oftener than any other need.
Hon. Secretary for America is E. D. North, "To correct this condition is the present
4 East 39th street, New York." object of the Michigan State Library in
cooperation with the board of library com-
missioners," said Mrs. Mary G. Spencer, the
A newspaper can set a nation's focus for state librarian in a recent address. "With
a morning, adjusting it one way or the this idea in mind a representative is being
other. A President can set the focus for sent from the state library to the county
four years. But only a book can set the normal schools in this state, now number-
focus for a nation's next hundred years so ing 45, for the purpose of giving a short
that it can act intelligently and steadfastly course in library instruction to the young
on its main line from week to week and men and women who, in these county
morning to morning. — GERALD STANLEY normals, are preparing themselves for
LEE, in "Crowds." teaching in the rural schools. These
June, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
457
courses are being received with great in-
terest and enthusiasm by the students and
school officers and will surely result in a
larger appreciation of the rural school li-
brary.
" The general course of instruction is the
organization and administration of rural
school libraries, library aids, book selection
and buying, with special attention to pic-
ture and reference books; instruction in
the use of catalogs and reference books.
Conferences were held with high school
and other teachers as to increasing the
usefulness of books in the school libraries.
"A complete equipment of books and li-
brary tools is furnished for the use of
the students by the state library. Besides
the instruction to the normal classes,
which numbered from 15 to 25, lectures
were given to the junior and senior high
school pupils and teachers with practical
demonstrations as to the use of books.
"These library courses have already
been given in several county normal
schools and it is planned to carry on the
work until the close of the school year.
"While the technical care of a small
library is important the greatest benefit to
be derived from these courses is the fact
that it will awaken in the minds of the
prospective rural school teachers the ne-
cessity of proper organization of even the
smallest library that may come under their
care. The organized activities of the
present day are revolutionizing educational
systems; industrial education, consolidation
of rural schools and other kindred move-
ments are changing the whole course of
mental training; but underneath all these
movements lies the rural school library,
the most important of all factors in the
mental life of the child, that life which
lies at the bottom nf the whole social
structure.
"The courses in library training in the
county normals supplement the work
which has for several years been done in
two normal schools, the Ferris Institute
and last year at Bay View in connection
with the Bay View Assembly.
The constitution of 1907 provided for
the expenditure of the penal fine money
for books only and the act of 1913 pro-
vided for the purchase of books for rural
school and township libraries from a pre-
ferred list to be made by the superintend-
ent of public instruction and the state li-
brarian; this list is now being prepared
and will soon be in the hands of the school
officers. With these provisions there can
be no doubt of the future excellence of the
rural school libraries of this state and the
educational value of the training of the
rural school teachers will be a most impor-
tant factor in the uplift of these libraries."
"A public library is the most enduring
of memorials, the trustiest monument for
the preservation of an event or a name or
an affection; for it, and it only, is re-
spected by wars and revolutions, and sur-
vives them." — MARK TWAIN, in a letter to
the officers of the Millicent Library, Fair-
haven, Mass.
Xibraq?
COLORADO LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
The Colorado Library Association met at
Greeley, Colorado, April 24-25. There were
twenty-five visiting librarians present and all
agreed that the meeting was one of the best
ever held in the state.
The principal address was given on Friday
night by Dr. Livingston Farrand, the new
president of the University of Colorado. His
subject was "Primitive methods of recording
ideas." He illustrated it by references to the
picture writing of the American Indians.
Only five strictly library subjects were dis-
cussed. They were : "The high calling of the
desk assistant" (as seen on both sides of the
charging desk) ; "Binding and repair work,"
by Max Shenck, a German binder ; "Colorado's
library law — should it be amended?" "Scienti-
fic library management;" "Essentials in cata-
loging."
Colorado has a membership in the Council
of the A. L. A. and at least three of the mem-
bers will be in attendance at Washington.
FAITH FOSTER, Secretary.
CALIFORNIA LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
The nineteenth annual meeting will be at
Hotel del Coronado, San Diego, June 15 to 20,
1914, jointly with the fifth annual convention
of the California County Librarians.
458
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[June, 1914
During the year the districts have held the
•customary meetings, beginning with the Sec-
•ond District meeting at Santa Cruz, Oct. 24-25,
1913. "Who should buy the books, the li-
brarian or the trustees?" by Samuel Leask, of
the Santa Cruz Public Library, provoked a
very practical discussion. Other subjects
were "Where and how should we buy books.?"
'"Should we abolish the trustees?" "The
county free library," the last being one of
the most important questions of the meeting,
exceeding all others in its direct bearing on
the work in the district.
The Fourth District held a meeting at
Merced on Nov. 22, at which the topics were
"Work with the schools and with children in
the county and city libraries of the district,"
and "Books for foreigners."
At the First District meeting on Dec. 6, at
the Mechanics-Mercantile Library, some of
the speakers were George Hamlin Fitch, liter-
ary editor of the San Francisco Chronicle,
G. T. Clark, librarian of Leland Stanford Jr.
University, who told of his recent trip to the
east for the inspection of library buildings,
and J. L. Gillis, who told of the State Library
School.
A meeting of the Sixth District was held
at Pomona on Dec. 9. The morning's pro-
gram was called "Visions," the various li-
braries reporting on achievements and ideals.
In the afternoon, E. R. Perry, of the Los
Angeles Public Library, presided over a book
symposium. Miss Helen Haines spoke on a
library exhibit for the Panama-Pacific Ex-
position, and on the American Library Asso-
ciation exhibit at the Liepzig exhibition.
The Second District held its spring meet-
ing at Palo Alto, Feb. 20-21, 1914, with a var-
ied program in four sessions, beginning with
the "Business man and the library" and end-
ing with "The old missions and their history,"
followed by a visit to the very interesting
private library of Father Gleason.
At the meeting of the Third District at
Vallejo on Feb. 23, the chief topic was the
county free library, among the speakers be-
ing Mrs. A. G. Whitbeck, of Contra Costa
county, Miss Huntington, of Yolo county, and
three county superintendents of schools, Mrs.
Henshall, of Yolo county, D. H. White, of
Solano county and J. B. Davidson, of Marin
•county.
The Fifth and Ninth Districts held a joint
meeting at the University of California Farm
at Davis on March 14. H. E. Van Norman,
dean of the school, told of the work of the
farm, Miss S. T. Smith, spoke on the loan
department of the State Library, J. L. Gillis
on "Library development in California,"
Miss S. S. Oddie on the California State Li-
brary School, and Miss I. M. Reagan on the
"New county free library in Butte county."
The First District held a meeting at the
Berkeley Public Library on March 27. M. J.
Ferguson spoke on the Sutro Library, which
is now a part of the State Library. Edwin
Wiley gave an illustrated talk on the Library
of Congress. Charles S. Greene told of plans
for a library exhibit at the 1915 expositions
and the prospect of the American Library
Association meeting in or near San Francisco
in 1915.
SOUTHERN EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIATION-
LIBRARIES DEPARTMENT
The annual meeting, of the Libraries De-
partment of the Southern Educational Asso-
ciation was held in the assembly room of the
Louisville Free Public Library at Louisville,
Kentucky, Wednesday, April 8, 1914. Mr.
Charles D. Johnston, librarian Cossitt Li-
brary, Memphis, Tenn., presided.
Every effort had been made to secure an
attendance of teachers at this meeting. The
principals of local public schools had been
notified and urged to attend the session. Each
high school was represented, as well as the
departmental and graded schools, and the
teachers took part in the discussion following
the papers.
The program as announced was adhered
to:
1. What of the rural communities? (The
county library movement.) R. M. Ken-
nedy, librarian, University of South Caro-
lina, Columbia, S. C.
2. How may the state aid the school library?
Mrs. Pearl Williams Kelly, Department
of Education, Nashville, Tennessee.
3. The relation of the public library and the
public school, (a) From the librarian's
viewpoint. Miss Bernice W. Bell, head
of children's department, Louisville Free
Public Library, (b) From the teacher's
viewpoint. Miss Mary Margaret Shelley,
instructor in English, Girls' High School,
Louisville, Ky.
4. General discussion of library topics.
Mr. Kennedy brought out forcibly the need
of library work in the isolated rural com-
munities of the South, citing the work of the
Hagerstown library book wagon as an ex-
ample of what might be the best way of
reaching these districts.
Mrs. Kelly, who was formerly secretary of
.June, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
459
Kllie Tennessee Library Commission, occupies
a similar position under the Department of
Education, Nashville. Great possibilities ex-
ist in Tennessee for extension work. Some
ten months ago the Library Commission was
-combined with the State Department of Edu-
cation and the work is now limited to such
activities as come under the jurisdiction of
that department.
Miss Bell spoke of the relation of the li-
brary and the public school, outlining the
activities of the Louisville Free Public Li-
brary and tracing the development of the
work with the schools from the first station,
where the library was allowed to distribute
'books on the steps of a school house. There
•are at present 213 class room collections in
use. Stereopticon views of colored and white
^ class room libraries were shown.
Miss Shelley spoke entirely from the view-
point of the high school teacher who has se-
• cured definite results from a close coopera-
•tion with the library.
The Southern teachers were not largely
represented at the meeting and the question
>of securing greater prominence for the work
-of the department was discussed informally
"in an effort to reach a greater number of
•people who may profit by the work done
for this department. The following resolu-
•tion was passed :
Resolved, That if possible at future
-meetings of the Southern Educational Asso-
ciation the Department of Libraries shall be
represented by one long paper on the general
-program.
Officers for the next year were elected as
follows : President. George T. Settle, librarian,
Louisville Free Public Library; secretary,
Jennie M. Flexner of Louisville.
Resolutions of thanks to the librarian and
'.the library were voted.
JENNIE M. FLEXNER, Secretary.
OKLAHOMA LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
The seventh annual session of the Okla-
homa Library Association met in the Carnegie
Library at El Reno, April 29-30. The address
of welcome was made by City Attorney Thos.
B. Reid, to which the response was made by
Mrs. Cora Case Porter, librarian of the Enid
Public Library and president of the associa-
tion.
Judge H. L. Fogg, of El Reno, read an ex-
cellent paper on "Book influences for de-
fectives and dependents — helping those who
-cannot help themselves," in which he called
attention to the need for book privileges in
•prisons and asylums, telling what is being
done in that line in many other states. Miss
Charlotte Templeton, secretary of the Ne-
braska Library Commission, told what is be-
ing done in her state for these classes. She
stated that the Nebraska legislature grants
the commission annually $2,500 for institu-
tion libraries, and that an expert librarian is
employed to select appropriate books.
Miss Edith Allen Phelps, librarian of Okla-
homa City Carnegie Library, read an inter-
esting paper on "The people's university—
the public library," enumerating the educa-
tional activities of the library from the
kindergarten to post graduate work extend-
ing through life.
A paper by C. S. Durbin, of Chickasha, out-
lined "The duties of a library trustee," nam-
ing as a primary duty the placing of an
expert in charge of the library, and then
refraining from interference with her efforts.
He closed with the statement: "The library
trustee can render the greatest service by
interesting the public in their library and
leading them to understand and appreciate
the splendid value and marvelous possibilities
of the institution which has been well named
'The people's university.' "
The afternoon session of the first day
opened with a roll call, followed by reading
of reports. In a paper on "Essentials of library
course for teachers," Miss Ruby Canton, li-
brarian Central Normal, Edmond, explained
the need for instructing teachers in 'book se-
lection for children, and how to teach the
use of simple reference books and libraries.
"How the library and the schools may be
mutually helpful" was an excellent paper by
C. M. Lieb, superintendent El Reno public
schools, suggesting the value of finding out
each other's aims and methods so as to co-
operate intelligently. The afternoon session
closed with a reception from four to six, by
the Athenaeum Club at the Elks' Home,
which was the Oklahoma building at the
Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis.
The first address in the evening was by J.
G. Masters, president of the State Teachers'
Association, on "How the teacher may aid
the library." This was followed by "Panama
plans and library cooperation" by Mrs. Fred
Sutton, member of the Oklahoma Panama
Commission, who presented in an interesting
manner the plans of the commission for pro-
viding funds to erect a building for Okla-
homa exhibits at the Panama Exposition.
She suggested the cooperation of libraries of
the state in fitting a rest room as a model
reading room, with Oklahoma papers on file,
460
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[June, 1914
and books by Oklahoma authors displayed.
Her recommendations were heartily received.
Details of future plans were left to the execu-
tive committee.
Miss Kate Bernard, state commissioner of
charities and corrections, gave a graphic
description of the conditions in the penal and
charitable institutions in their utter lack of
adequate book facilities, making a touching
appeal to the association and the audience
to correct the conditions, and promising the
support of her department in the effort to
secure a commission which will look after
the book needs of the helpless wards of the
state, and giving descriptions of the kinds
of literature needed in the different institu-
tions.
Thursday morning the paper on Dickens,
left over from the previous afternoon, was
given by Mr. Jesse Rader, librarian State
University, Norman. Mr. Rader made dis-
criminating analysis of Dickens' genius, pay-
ing tribute to his kindness of heart shown in
his work for oppressed humanity. Mrs.
Charles R. Hume, president of the State
Federation of Women's Clubs, told what the
clubs of the state have done for library ex-
tension, showing that all the public libraries
were started and largely maintained through
the efforts of women's clubs. She stated that
the 6,000 club women of Oklahoma are in-
vincible when united on a progressive meas-
ure, and all are in favor of the extension of
library privileges to all the people. Then fol-
lowed a round table on "Problems of the
librarian," led by Miss Mary A. Radford, of
Muskogee, which brought out many helpful
ideas.
In the afternoon Mrs. Bertha McBride, li-
brarian of the Carnegie Library at Guthrie,
gave a historical sketch of the O. L. A., and
a library symposium on "State statistics" was
led by Mrs. Nelle M. Horn.
"State Historical Library— a reservoir of
Oklahoma-ana," by W. P. Campbell, custodian
Oklahoma Historical Society, gives founda-
tion for the hope that Mr. Campbell's catholic
judgment in selecting and filing the tons of
material in his vaults will provide ample
data for future writers of Oklahoma history.
"University library extension," by Dr. J.
W. Scroggs, director Public Information and
Welfare in the State University, told what
that institution is doing for the people who
have no other library privileges, summarizing
the extension methods of the "university that
goes to the people."
"Ways and means of securing a Library
Commission" was the subject of a helpful
talk by Miss Charlotte Templeton, based on
her experience in securing adequate legislation
for the Nebraska Commission.
The plate publicity proposition received
from the Western Newspaper Union was
considered at this time and referred to the
publicity committee for decision.
At the closing session, Mrs. John W. Hisel,
chairman of the legislative committee, con-
tinued the theme of the afternoon session by
leading in the discussion of a library commis-
sion. Mr. Fred Latham, reference librarian
of the State Library, gave a forceful and
pleasing address on the "Scope and functions
of the State Library," giving interesting facts
about the law library of 30,000 volumes. A
library commission would make this wealth
of legislative reference material available to
any one in the state who could use it. Mrs.
E. D. Cotchey, of Oklahoma City, told "How
to do effective legislating," enumerating the
satisfactions of trying to assist in humani-
tarian law-making. Mrs. De Roose Bailey, of
Muskogee, chairman of the traveling library
committee of the State Federation of Wo-
men's Clubs, gave a report of libraries in
circulation and exhibited samples of books
in the collections, showing that they should
be strengthened by the addition of recent
books and better editions. Her department
is eager to cooperate with a commission in
providing books for all the people, especially
the women on the farms, whose needs have
been brought before the clubs.
Mr. R. H. Wilson, state superintendent of
public instruction, made an earnest and elo-
quent appeal for more discriminating censor-
ship of children's books, giving striking ex-
amples of the power and influence of reading
on the minds and characters of children. He
pledged his personal support and that of the
State Department of Education in the cam-
paign for a library commission.
The nominating committee reported the fol-
lowing names as officers for ensuing year:
president, Mrs. Cora Case Porter, Enid ; first
vice-president, Miss Anna Le Crone, Alva ;
second vice-president, Mr. J. L. Rader, Nor-
man; secretary, Mrs. J. A. Thompson,
Chickasha; treasurer, Miss Elizabeth Sinclair,
El Reno. Representatives to A. L. A. con-
ference in Washington, elected from the
floor : Mrs. Porter, president, ex-officio mem-
ber of council; Mrs. J. A. Thompson, dele-
gate; Miss Phelps, representative on program.
MRS. J. A. THOMPSON, Secretary.
June, 1914]
'I HE LIBRARY JOURNAL
461
MILWAUKEE LIBRARY CLUB
At the annual meeting of the Milwaukee
Library Club which was held Tuesday evening,
April 21, the following were elected officers
for the ensuing year: president, Samuel A.
McKillop; vice-president, Florence M. Olcott ;
secretary-treasurer, Alice B. Radcliffe; mem-
bers of executive committee, Sylvester J.
Carter and Martha J. Hornor.
The program consisted of a book sym-
posium.
ONTARIO LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
The fourteenth annual meeting of the
O. L. A., made a new record this year in at-
tendance and interest. Easter Monday and
Tuesday, April 13 and 14, saw some 200 dele-
gates assembled in the Public Library of
Toronto and the fine papers and animated
discussions filled to the full every hour of
the session.
The presence of two distinguished Ameri-
can librarians added greatly to the success of
the gathering.
The annual reports of the standing com-
mittees were full of information and interest.
The committee on selected list of books re-
ported t-ie quarterly issue of their bulletin in
due course. The committee on library in-
stitutes reported the holding of fifteen insti-
tutes during the year, Toronto having been
added to the list on Oct. 24 last. During the
past five years «11 the public libraries in the
province have attended one or more of these
institutes with the exception of twenty-one
and these twenty- one libraries will be most
•carefully looked after this year. The growth
of knowledge and interest in the library
movement on the part of librarians and trus-
tees is exceedingly gratifying. The legal com-
mittee reported a number of changes in the
Public Libraries Act which they thought
should be urged upon the minister of educa-
tion and incorporated in the act. The com-
-mittee on co-operation of the Ontario Edu-
cational Association of the Ontario Library
Association presented an optimistic report
stating that such co-operation in various
forms was fairly general in the high schools
of Ontario and indicating the best forms of
such co-operation. The committee on tech-
nical education and public library made some
suggestions as to assistance that the library
might render in this matter and suggested
further action after the report of the Royal
Commission on Technical Education had been
studied. The annual report of the secretary
gave a careful review of library matters dur-
ing this year, noting many forms of progress.
The treasurer's report was a satisfactory
statement for the year.
The chief topic of the meeting was "The
library situation in Ontario and its possibili-
ties." This was treated in a series of eight
papers as follows :
"In organized effort" (a) What has been
done, W. F. Moore, Dundas. (b) What may
be done, E. A. Hardy, Toronto.
"In finances" (a) Local, C. A. Byam, New
Liskeard. (b) Provincial, O. A. Langley,
Lakefield.
"In administration" (a) Local, W. H.
Arison, Niagara Falls, (b) Provincial, Nor-
man S. Gurd, Sarnia.
"In general efficiency" (a) Book selection,
W. J. Sykes, Ottawa, (b) Book purchase, W.
O. Carson, London.
These eight papers covered the situation
pretty carefully, reviewing the growth of the
past decade and noting the chief features of
the present situation and suggesting future
lines of development.
The Monday evening session was an espe-
cially successful one, Mr. Matthew S.
Dudgeon, secretary of the Wisconsin Free
Library Commission, being the speaker. Mr.
Dudgeon's topic, the "Universality of library
service," gave him great scope and the story
of what Wisconsin is doing was an inspira-
tion. The informal reception following this
address was very much appreciated by all
present. The beautiful library building was
thrown open in all departments and the dele-
gates were shown through the building by
the members of the public library staff. The
John Ross Robertson collection of Canadian
historical pictures and the annual exhibition
of the Ontario Society of Artists were two
exceedingly attractive features and the oppor-
tunity of seeing these two exhibits was greatly
appreciated by the outside delegates.
The convention was highly honored by the
presence of Miss Ahern, editor of Public
Libraries, who paid her third visit to the
meeting of this association. Miss Ahern is
always welcome in Ontario and her part in
the discussions added materially to their value.
Thanks to the beautiful weather and the
completeness of the arrangements on the part
of Dr. Locke, chief librarian, and his staff,
the meeting was thoroughly delightful all the
way through.
Another interesting feature was the very
fine display made by the publishers and li-
brary supply firms.
The officers for 1914-15 are as follows :
President, W. O. Carson, London ; first vice-
462
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[June, 1914'
president, David Williams, Collingwood ;
second vice-president, George H. Locke,
Toronto; secretary and treasurer, E. A.
Hardy, Toronto; councillors, H. J. Clark,
Belleville; Miss Mary J. L. Black, Fort Wil-
liam; D. M. Grant, Sarnia; W. J. Sykes,
Ottawa ; F. P. Gavin, Windsor ; W. F. Moore,
ex-president, Dundas.
Xtbrarp Scboote
NEW YORK STATE LIBRARY SCHOOL
ANNUAL REPORT
The twenty-seventh annual report for the
year extending from Oct. i, 1912, to Sept.
30, 1913, was, in respect to physical condi-
tions, in marked contrast to its immediate
predecessor,, for the school is now housed
in its quarters in the new Education Build-
ing. Enrolment was the largest in the history
of the school, there being 19 seniors and 32
juniors. Two important changes in the fa-
culty occurred. Mr. William R. Eastman re-
tired from the State Library and Library
School after more than twenty years of
service, and Miss Martha Thorne Wheeler,
whose term of service was even longer, re-
signed on account of ill health. Besides the
regular lectures by the faculty of the school,
forty persons gave 139 lectures. Of the fifty-
one students, twenty-eight had held paid li-
brary positions before coming to the school.
Six members of the staff of the State Li-
brary took part of the regular courses, and
five other members of the staff were regu-
larly matriculated students. The degree of
bachelor of library science was granted to
nineteen graduates, and of master of library
science to F. K. Walter, the vice director of
the school. There were only minor changes
in the general plan of the courses. Several
bibliographies were prepared on request. The
course in law library and legislative reference
work was given for the first time, and was
elected by nine students. With the rebuild-
ing and reorganization of the State Library
practice work is of real value to the library
itself and presents real problems of interest
to the student. During March practice work
in outside libraries was carried on with
satisfactory results. A successful innovation
was the organization by three of the stu-
dents under the direction of a library or-
ganizer, of two of the smaller public libraries
in the western part of the state. The sum-
mer school, after an interval of two years,
was reopened with twenty students. The chief
innovation was a course in work with chil-
dren, given to the regular school but also
open to students in the summer school.
LIBRARY SCHOOL OF THE NEW YORK
PUBLIC LIBRARY
The list of lectures since last reported is-
as follows :
Juniors
"Large library buildings," by Edwin H.
Anderson; "Library buildings" (six lectures),,
by William R. Eastman ; "Library legislation,"
by William R. Eastman ; "Library conditions
in the Far West," by Franklin F. Hopper ;
"Children's books," by Caroline M. Hewins;;
"Library buildings from the architect's point
of view," by Edward F. Tilton ; "History of
education" (first of four lectures), by Louise-
Connolly.
Seniors in School and College library course
"School department in the public library,""
by Caroline M. Underbill. Seminar with Isa-
dore G. Mudge and Marie A. Newberry, on<
visits to school and college libraries; visits-
to libraries of Hunter College. City College,.
New York University, and to the Morris,,
Wadleigh and Brooklyn Girls' High Schools.
Seniors in Advanced reference and cata-
loguing course
"History of bookbinding" (two lectures),,
by Elizabeth C. Stevens ; "Bookbinding" (two
process lectures), by Elizabeth C. Stevens,
at her bindery in New Rochelle.
Seniors in Administration
"Library's relations with the municipality,"
by Franklin F. Hopper; "Rural library ex-
tension," by Marie A. Newberry ; "Work of
the order department," by Franklin F. Hopper.
Visits to library furniture and supply places;
visits to the Nurses', University, Union and
Greenpoint settlements, also to Greenwich
House; "Work of The Lighthouse' for the
blind" (lecture given at The Lighthouse), by
W. I. Scandlin.
The junior library visits have been sched-
uled as follows :
April 8. Columbia University, Teachers' Col-
lege and Avery Architectural Library.
April 15. Brooklyn Institute and Children's
Museum Libraries.
April 22. Municipal reference branch of the
New York Public Library and Bureau of
Municipal Research.
June, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
463:
April 29. City College and Hunter College
Libraries.
May 7. Newark Public Library, Business
branqh and Barringer High School Library.
Much kindly hospitality, which has been
thoroughly appreciated, has been shown the
school on these visits. They have been re-
garded as a very valuable part of the term's
work, and the quizzes have been exceedingly
interesting exercises.
Three graduates and two seniors recently
passed the examinations for high school li-
brarianships, given by the Board of Education.
Four of the juniors spent two days in
Essex Co., N. J., helping in the social survey
of that county, the small town of Irvington
being the immediate object of observation.
Eight juniors are pursuing Documents
course II, under Miss Hasse's instruction,
doing intensive work on the U. S. Census
publications.
A part of the school's exhibit at Leipzig
consists of Miss Marie A. Newberry*s thesis
on "The rural school library," and a bibliog-
raphy, "References to material on European
novelists and their work, from i9OO-April,
1913," by Miss Elizabeth Baldwin, the former
in printed form.
Mr. Ave-Lallemant, of the junior class, has
translated the school circular into German,
for use in Leipzig.
William Warner Bishop, of the Library of
Congress, will be the school's commencement
speaker on June 12.
APPOINTMENTS
Mrs. Engstfeld (jun., 1912), chief cataloger,
Birmingham (Ala.) Public Library.
Miss Ewing (jun., 1913), librarian, Consho-
hocken (Pa.) Public Library.
Miss Gearhart (jun., 1914), cataloguer, docu-
ments division, New York Public Library.
Miss Latzke (jun., 1913), indexer, New York
Times Index.
Miss Johnston (sen., 1914), assistant, Cedar
Rapids (Iowa) Public Library.
Mr. Dolezal (jun., 1914), assistant, stack de-
partment, New York Public Library.
MARY W. TLUMMER, Principal.
SIMMONS COLLEGE LIBRARY SCHOOL
Visits were made during the month to the
Brookline Public Library, and to the Social
Service Library, 18 Somerset street.
The Book selection class enjoyed a lecture
on Mrs. Mary Schenck Woolman, and one
by Mr. H. G. Wadlin. The latter spoke of
"The principles of book selections, and aids
in selecting"; he sketched also the practice
of the Boston Public Library.
The final courses in Library economy for
the year are Indexing and Library administra-
tion. In the last named Mr. Ward gave an<
hour to the subject of "Branch libraries" and
Miss Hitchler to "The organization of a.
catalog department."
May 25-June 5 was devoted to the final ex-
aminations, and the term closed with com-
mencement on June 10.
Mr. Belden, Mr. Bolton, Miss Donnelly and
Miss Hitchler attended the A. L. A. confer-
ence at Washington.
SUMMER COURSES
The summer class will meet from July 6 to<
Aug. 15. The course includes instruction in;
cataloging, classification, library economy, and
reference work, and is planned to be espe-
cially helpful to women who hold positions
in the smaller libraries and who are unable-
to undertake longer courses of study. In-
struction will be given by the director, June-
Richardson Donnelly, and by Harriet Rosa,
Peck, librarian of the Rensselaer Polytechnic
Institute, Troy, N. Y. ; Florence Tolman
Blunt, reference librarian of the Public Li-
brary. Haverhill, Mass. ; Mary Elizabeth Staf-
ford Root, children's librarian of the Public-
Library, Providence, R. I. ; Helen Clark, A.
B., and Margaret Ridlon, S. B.
Outside lecturers will be Charles Knowles:
Bolton, librarian of the Boston Athenaeum r-
Charles Francis Dorr Belden, librarian of the
State Library of Massachusetts; J. Maud'
Campbell, secretary of the work for foreign-
ers, Free Public Library Commission, Mas-
sachusetts, and Frances Rathbone Coe, organ-
izer, Somerville Public Library.
Fee for the general course will be $20, or
for each individual subject $5. A special'
course for children will be $10.
CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH— TRAIN-
ING SCHOOL FOR CHILDREN'S LIBRARIANS
Twenty-one members of the junior class-
and three seniors are to attend the Confer-
ence of the A. L. A. Miss E. M. Smith,
acting-registrar, will conduct the party, and'
the Hotel Gordon will be headquarters for
the school. Because of the trip to Washing-
ton, the usual recess between the spring and
summer terms will be postponed until the-
week of June i.
Miss Caroline Hewins, librarian of the-
Hartford Public Library, lectured to the
school on April 29 on "The work of the
Hartford Library."
464
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[June, 1914
Mr. Janardan S. Kudalkar, director of state
libraries, Baroda, India, visited the school on
April 29.
During the week of April 20, Mrs. Gudrun
Thorne-Thomsen gave ten lectures on litera-
ture and story telling. One lecture, upon
"Educational value of literature for children,"
was given in the evening at Lawrenceville
branch and was open to the public.
ALUMNAE NOTES
Jasmine Britton, 1911, has resigned her posi-
tion in the Spokane Public Library to be-
come superintendent of the children's depart-
ment in the Los Angeles Public Library.
Ethelwyn Manning, 1910, has resigned her
position in the Public Library of Burlington,
la., to become assistant in the Public Library
of Milton, Mass.
Ruth A. Weldon, 1908, was married in
April to Mr. John Kelly.
WESTERN RESERVE LIBRARY SCHOOL
The notable work of the Cleveland Federa-
tion of Charity and Philanthropy in unifying
the spirit of good will of 55 organizations
of Cleveland engaged in charitable and phil-
anthropic work, was presented in a most in-
teresting manner to the students, April 21,
by Mr. C. W. Williams, executive secretary
of the Federation, who expressed his belief
in the important help that the public library
can render in any constructive movement for
community welfare.
A feature of the course in "The public li-
brary and community welfare" is the survey
or investigation for the Woodland branch of
the Cleveland Public Library, which is now
being made by the Library School students.
Mrs. A. S. Hobart, the branch librarian, gave
a talk, preliminary to the first visit, on the
general conditions of the section of the city
to be investigated ; and Miss Mildred Chadsey,
commissioner of housing in the Department
of Public Welfare, who has had wide experi-
ence in making investigations, gave practical
suggestions as to methods, etc. It is hoped
that the facts obtained from the house to
house visitation of the neighborhood, will be
of great value in the plans for future work
at the Woodland branch. Two lectures on
"Public speaking" by Professor Woodward
of Adelbert College are to be given before
the end of May, and the concluding lecture
of the course will be given by Mr. S. H.
Ranck, librarian of the Grand Rapids Public
Library, on June 12.
Miss Laura H. Wild, professor of Biblical
literature at Lake Erie College, spoke to the
class May 5, on "Biblical and religious lit-
erature," as part of the Book selection course.
The director visited Hiram College, May i,
to talk to the young women students on "Li-
brarianship as a vocation."
Two of the out of town trips in connection
with the Library Administration course are
scheduled for May, these being Lorain, Ohio,
where Miss Elizabeth Steele, a graduate of
the school, is librarian ; and the Carnegie Li-
brary of Pittsburgh.
The return to the city of Miss Julia M.
Whittlesey, former director of the school,
from a winter in the South, afforded the
faculty and students an opportunity to meet
her "over a cup o' tea," after a talk given
by Miss Whittlesey to the students.
At the A. L. A. meeting, the school will be
represented by the dean and the director.
ALICE S. TYLER, Director.
SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY SCHOOL
Dr. Arthur E. Bostwick gave an address
before the students and faculty of the Li-
brary School, Feb. 12, on the "Art of re-
reading." The university public was invited
to attend and about 150 persons availed them-
selves of the privilege.
Mrs. Edna Lyman Scott gave a series of
five lectures on Children's work during the
week of March 2. Her lectures were attended
by many of the kindergartners and primary
teachers connected with the public schools of
the city.
Mr. William H. Watson of the New York
State Education Department, who has had
long experience in the library system of Cali-
fornia, explained to the school the provisions
and operation of the California county li-
brary law.
Mr. Theodore W. Koch, librarian of the
University of Michigan, gave a finely illus-
trated lecture. April 8, on the "History of
the arts of illustration."
E. E. SPERRY, Director.
RIVERSIDE PUBLIC LIBRARY— SUMMER
SCHOOL
The summer school will be conducted this
year from July 6 to Aug. 15, and the course
is intended for those who have had some
library experience.
Joseph F. Daniels, librarian of the River-
side Public Library, will have charge of the
school and will give courses in business man-
agement of libraries and methods used in
public, college and high school libraries.
June, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
465
Other teachers will be Lillian L. Dickson,
head cataloger in the library; Helen Evans,
reference librarian; Madeline Willard, in
charge of the Arlington branch; Grace Hill,
instructor in Simmons College Library School ;
Percy Hambrook, of the Pacific Library
Binding Company; Helen L. Coffin, formerly
library organizer in Illinois ; Alice M. But-
terfield, Riverside Public Library; Theodora
R. Brewitt, principal of the training class of
the Los Angeles Public Library, 1913-14, and
Mignon Baker, librarian of the Girls' High
School at Riverside.
The fee for the course is $25, which covers
all equipment except the students' note books.
The bulletin giving information concerning
this course, also has notes on the training
class and the winter course also maintained by
the library.
TRevtewg
BAKER, Ernest A. A guide to historical fic-
tion. Macmillan (Routledge). $6 n.
Librarians familiar with the two small vol-
umes entitled "History in fiction, English,"
and "History in fiction, American and for-
eign." will scarcely recognize at first glance
their close relationship to this greatly en-
larged one volume edition which forms a
companion volume to the new "Guide to the
best fiction," published in 1913. The follow-
ing statement quoted from the compiler's
preface gives in brief a story of both
editions.
"The original germ of what has grown into
a sort of atlas of historical fiction was an
appendix to 'A guide to the best fiction,' pub-
lished in 1903, really forming a chronological
index to such novels included in the general
list as were concerned with past times. The
appendix then became the nucleus of a more
comprehensive guide to this kind of fiction
which was published in two volumes as 'His-
tory in fiction,' 1908. Of this last the pres-
ent book is to some extent a new edition;
but it is also a good deal more, the work of
preparing a much amr-lified edition of the
'Guide to the best fiction' having brought to
light a great number of historical stories that
had escaped notice." As in the previous edi-
tion, "the standard of selection has been the
extent to which a story illustrates any given
period of history," and as before "the word
historical has been given a wide interpreta-
tion so as to embrace stories that in any way
whatsoever portray the life of the past, even
though actual persons and actual public events
have no place in them."
Not only have many new titles been added,
and the volume brought to date through 1912,
but the work has been thoroughly revised and
the annotations rewritten and expanded. The
latter aim usually to give the historical bear-
ing of the story rather than characterization
or criticism. The general arrangement re-
mains the same as before, first by country,
and chronological under country by period
or events treated. Stories for children are
so marked ; footnotes contain annotated en-
tries of fiction written contemporaneously
with the period covered. The book is equipped
with an index of authors, titles and subjects
(146 pages) which easily doubles its value.
On the whole the index is accurate and satis-
factory, though there are minor errors
which were perhaps almost unavoidable. An
inconvenience arises through the method of
indexing works under an author. The plan
followed has been to arrange by the paging
which is given first, followed by title of book.
This is a disadvantage in the case of pro-
lific authors like Henty, where if one wishes
to find a certain book, he must examine the
long unalphabeted list before- locating it. The
habitual consulter of the index will of course
soon form the practice of looking up the
entry under the title itself rather than under
the author. It seems ungrateful to find any
fault with such a wealth of material amassed
at the expense of painstaking and unremit-
ting effort, yet since the compiler had in mind
the needs of teachers, students and readers
of historical fiction, the book would have
been more valuable to these classes of users
if it had aimed at a selection rather than a
complete bibliography. As it stands it is not-
ably worth while to the bibliographer and for
reference in the large library. But for indi-
viduals who consult it as a guide to reading,
its broad inclusiveness will be bewildering.
There are many pitfalls here for all who
lean heavily on it for selective purposes. The
trained children's librarian will shudder at
the inclusion of the trashy works of Edward
Ellis and Stratemeyer, but a public school
teacher, less sophisticated in regard to chil-
dren's literature, may be discovered recom-
mending these books to her classes for sup-
plementary reading. Of course equally poor
fiction is found among the adult books, and
the same difficulty in selection arises unless
the reader is an expert in this field. The
value of the book would be tremendously in-
creased if in another edition the compiler
466
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[June,
would find it practicable to star the best books
in each subject or to introduce critical com-
ment in his notes which would warn the un-
wary against worthless stories.
MARY E. EASTWOOD.
The treatise on Modern American library
economy by Mr. Dana has reached Part 7,
Branches; and the latest section no. 2 is con-
cerned with high school branches.
The work has not been truly that of a
branch library for the adult citizens of the
neighborhood though invited to use the room
have done so to so small an extent that their
use is negligible. This section then becomes
really a description of an attempt to bring
directly to the notice and the service of high
school pupils and teachers printed matter of
a wider range of interest than text books or
even "collateral" reading. This is a highly
desirable aim in the development of public
libraries, and wherever attempted has resulted
in bringing into closer relations two great
educational institutions.
In Newark the high school library has 6000
volumes as a permanent nucleus classified and
managed according to the practice of the
public library. To this collection are added
drafts from the public library collection as
need arises. Beside the bound volumes a
great many pamphlets are preserved, supple-
mented by much multigraphed material on
single sheets. There is a "duplicate" collec-
tion of the latest novels which seems to op-
erate in a way somewhat contrary to that
expected of such a room.
Books are lent for two weeks with special
privileges to teachers and of renewal; refer-
ence books are lent during the hours the
school is closed. Fines are regularly charged
and long over-dues collected by the regular
library messenger.
Six lessons on the use of the library, con-
sisting of a lecture with prescribed study and
work are given as a part of the English
course ; beside some direct individual instruc-
tion.
The public school authorities furnish the
room; the public library the books and
periodicals, repairing and rebinding them.
The librarian, who must be a graduate of a
college and of a library school, and have had
previous experience in high school work, is
selected by the public library and paid by the
Board of Education; she gives all of her
time to the school.
In other cities of the country more or less
similar plans are already in operation; some-
times the high school and the library share-
equally the time and the salary of the libra-
rian and make much closer connections be-
tween the school and the main library build-
ing; in others the school authorities maintain
the library without any connection with the
public library system ; in some places adult
citizens use the school library to an appre-
ciable extent ; in others all the activities are
with children.
The reviewer feels personally that most
good will come through the close cooperation
between the school and public library which
follows a joint agreement and sharing of
costs. This naturally tends to the widening,
of the school horizon and laboratory pro-
cesses and accustoms young people and teach-
ers to using the public library themselves,
for other than special reserve and text book,
material. D. B. H.
KAISER, John Boynton. The national biblio-
graphies of the South American republics-
Preliminary list. Boston Book Co., 1913.
19 P. 8°.
Pan-American history is making rapidly in
these days, and prophecy in that connection
is hazardous, yet it is probably safe to assert
that the recently awakened interest in South)
America — recent so far as our own country is
concerned — has an economic basis and wilt
steadily increase. Far-sighted librarians who
are endeavoring not only to meet the new
demand, but to provide for the broader re-
quirements of the future will undoubtedly
find their efforts justified. With this coming
development in mind, Mr. Kaiser has laid the
foundation for a reference list which shall
some day cover the South American field as-
the New York State Library list of "Selected
national bibliographies" covered the American,.
British and European field in 1908. Drawing
mainly upon the well-known bibliographies,
of bibliography as well as upon recent works
by Coester and Bingham, he has made a
good beginning with 86 titles. For the most
part these are titles of actual bibliographies-
or of literary surveys by South American
authors, but Mr. Kaiser has wisely included
the catalogs of certain libraries, chiefly nation-
al libraries, for the sake of the large pro-
portion of South American imprints which
they contain. Of the last mentioned class,,
that of Argentina is particularly valuable for
its separate list of books by Spanish-Ameri-
can authors. While crediting this distinction
to Argentina, it should be noted as remarkable-
that over. half the titles in the list bear im-
June, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
467
prints from Santiago de Chile. Equally
noticeable, but hardly surprising, is the
scarcity of material covering the smaller
countries like Ecuador and Venezuela.
The importance of fundamental work along
this line at the present time is almost self-
evident. It is to be hoped that Mr. Kaiser
himself may some day be able to undertake
the fuller list for which his present contri-
bution prepares the way.
W. N. S.
SAYERS, W. C. Berwick. A short course in
practical classification with special reference
to the decimal and subject schemes. Lon-
don : The Library Association, 1913. 48 pp.
The intricacies of an elaborate scheme for
library classification are confusing ,to any
student beginning the subject. In this "short
course" which is reprinted, with corrections,
from the Library Association Record, Mr.
Sayers has outlined in ten lessons a study of
the Dewey Decimal Classification and the
Brown Subject Classification, with a compari-
son of the two systems and references and
questions on the general principles of scientific
classification. Unfortunately American libra-
rians know but little of Mr. Brown's Subject
Classification, but any one teaching or en-
deavoring to learn the Dewey system will be
greatly assisted by this little book of 48 pages.
Mr. Sayers makes a concise analysis of
each of the divisions of the decimal classi-
fication giving a lucid explanation of the par-
ticularly perplexing subjects in each group.
This is especially true of the 3Oo's, SGO'S and
6oo's where it is so difficult to differentiate
between the pure and applied sciences. He
also notes purely American aspects of this
classification ; for example "379, public schools,
means state-supported schools (an American
use differing from our use of 'public' schools,
which means such schools as Eton, Harrow,
etc.) English public schools would be 373".
In this course the study of the divisions for
philology and literature are combined into one
lesson and two lessons to the study of the
history sections. Mi'. Sayers follows the
logical order in presenting the subject by be-
ginning with the loo's, and taking the divi-
sions in numerical order through the classifi-
cation with the one exception just noted.
Many teachers of the decimal system find it
advisable to begin with the 900*3 and work
backward. That the average student makes
many mistakes with this section is true, but it
is the basis of so much in other parts of the
system that it seems to be the practical foun-
dation on which to begin a study of the
subject.
The general principles to be observed in
classifying a library are excellently stated.
Rule (9) "Place a book where it will be most
used" should be the motto of every classifier.
Each lesson suggests readings, gives a list of
books for practice work and closes with a
"Test in theory," which would require con-
siderable reading and thought.
F. L. D. GOODRICH.
RAE, Walter S. C. Public library adminis-
tration. London: George Routledge &
Sons, 1913. 132 p.
This little booklet is a primer of British
public library administration somewhat com-
parable to Dana's "Library primer" and Miss
Plummer's "Hints for small libraries." It is
designed particularly for the use of students
who are following the Library Association
syllabus. The thirty-six illustrations, chiefly
of furniture, fittings and library records, are
helpful and the little book is a model of com-
pression and clear statement. Its six princi-
pal divisions are Arrangement of public
rooms ; Special departments ; Administration
of departments ; Lectures (which are em-
phasized very much more than this subject
would be in an American book) ; Book bind-
ing and repairing; Aids to readers. There
is not a word about library service or work
with children. It is pocket size, bound in a
sort of limp or flexible leather with round
corners. It has a brief index. The author
is chief librarian in Fulham, London, and is
connected with the lectures and instruction
in connection with the Library Association
syllabus which are offered in the London
School. of Economics.
Xibrartans
Changes as follows were made at the last
meeting of the library board at Milwaukee,
Wis.:
Miss Margaret Mclntosh was appointed to
take charge of the transportation depart-
ment ; Miss Sybil Barney was put in charge
of the book selection and Miss Lillian
Carter of the catalog section. Miss Mar-
garet Dousman was granted a six weeks'
leave of absence to attend the New York
Library School.
BARKER, Sarah P., has succeeded Miss
Harriet Crombie as librarian of the Public
Library at Nashua, N. H.
468
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[June, 1914
BRITTON, Jasmine, of the Spokane (Wash.)
Public Library staff, has been appointed head
of the juvenile department at Los Angeles,
succeeding Miss Stella Beckley, resigned. Miss
Britton went from the Seattle Public Library
to the Pittsburgh Training School for Chil-
dren's Librarians, and since her graduation
has been in charge of the children's work at
the Spokane library.
BROWN, Zaidie, since 1910 organizer of pub-
lic libraries for the Massachusetts Free Li-
brary Commission, has been appointed to suc-
ceed Miss Victoria Ellis as librarian at Long
Beach, Cal. Miss Brown is a graduate of
Leland Stanford University. She studied a
year in the New York State Library School
and then was made an assistant. Later she
taught a library course in the Simmons Col-
lege Summer School. For a number of years
she was library organizer for the New York
State Educational Department and a member
of the staff of the New York Library School,
and in Brookline, Mass., she was employed
as assistant librarian for four years.
CLATWORTHY, Linda M., formerly librarian
at Dayton, Ohio, may again be addressed
at her home in Estes Park, Col. She
has been spending the winter in California
upon invitation of the county library at Santa
Barbara, for which a new dictionary catalog
has been planned and introduced.
COE, Mrs. Frances Rathbone, for the past
year and a half doing special revising on the
catalog of the Somerville (Mass.) Public Li-
brary, has qualified for and been appointed
to the regular permanent staff as "supervisor
of circulation."
DAVIS, Elizabeth L., New York State Li-
brary School, '13-14, will go to Mount
Holyoke College Library in September as
general assistant.
DEAN, Mildred, children's librarian in the
Davenport (la.) Public Library, has resigned
on account of her father's serious illness, and
has gone to her home in Eau Claire, Wis.
GANNON, Viola, until recently a member of
the staff of the Trenton (N. J.) Public Li-
brary, was married April 28, to Louis C.
Taylor, of Washington, D. C.
GRAVES, Charles E., New York State Li-
brary School, '13, has been appointed ex-
change assistant at the University of Illinois
Library.
HALL, Grace E., who completed the ap-
prentice course at the Public Library at
Greenfield, Mass., has been appointed as-
sistant in the loan department of the Tacoma
Public Library for six months beginning
April 16, 1914.
HARTMANN, Astrid, New York State Li-
brary School, 'i3-'i4, will return to her former
position in the Trondhjems Folkebibliotek.
Trondhjem, Norway, at the end of the school
year.
HOLMES, Florence I., B. L. S., New York
State Library School, '12, has been engaged
to assist temporarily in the cataloging and
general work of Middlebury College Library.
HOPKINS, Julia, of the Library School of
Pratt Institute, has been appointed head of
the training class in the Brooklyn Public
Library, a position recently created by the
board of trustees. The appointment will take
effect on Sept. I. The appointment was
necessary owing to the fact that Pratt In-
stitute will not be able to train apprentices
for the Brooklyn Public Library after the
present school term on account of the dis-
continuance of the normal course in their
library school. For the last few years the
training class of the Brooklyn Public Library
has been used by the student teachers of
Pratt for practice, and this arrangement
proved advantageous to both institutions. Miss
Hopkins has had broad experience and train-
ing. She is a graduate of the New York
State Library School at Albany, has been li-
brarian at Bryn Mawr College, branch li-
brarian in the Pittsburgh Public Library, head
librarian of the Public Library of Madison,
Wis., and afterward was an instructor in the
Library School of Drexel Institute, Phila-
delphia, from which place she went to Pratt
Institute.
HUTT, Katherine Mae, until recently li-
brarian at Westport, Ct., was married in New
York, April 15, to Frank Harper Bissell, a
New York architect. After June I Mr. and
Mrs. Bissell will be at home to their friends
in Winfield St., East Norwalk, Ct.
JOHNSON, Jeanne, who was appointed acting
head of the catalog department of the Tacoma
Public Library on the resignation of Miss
Kate Firmin, Mar. I, 1914, has been appointed
head of the department. Miss Johnson at-
tended the Pratt Library School 1911-12.
KERR, Willis H., who is librarian of the
State Normal School at Emporia, Kan., has
been chosen to the presidency of Bellevue
June, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
469
College in Bellevue, Neb. He succeeds
Rev. S. W. Stookey, who resigned several
months ago. Mr. Kerr is a graduate of
Bellevue and his father was head of the in-
stitution for fourteen years, leaving it about
eight years ago.
KOCH, Theodore W., who is at present in
Leipzig in charge of the American exhibit at
the International Exposition of Book Indus-
tries and Graphic Arts, was presented to the
king of Saxony on the occasion of the offi-
cial opening of the exposition. The king was
particularly interested in the large framed
pictures of the Library of Congress and the
New York Public Library and made inquiries
as to American library systems.
LASSEN, Harald H., New York State Li-
brary School, 'n-'i2, has resigned his posi-
tion as assistant librarian of the Kjobenhavns
Kommunens Folkebibliotekes to become li-
brarian of the Biblioteket Vejle By og Amt,
Vejle, Denmark.
LEWIS, Willard P., B. L. S., New York
State Library School, '13, and Harriet E. Still-
man, of Watertown, N. Y., were married
on April 9. Mr. Lewis, who is at present li-
brarian of the Albany Y. M. C. A., will go
to Waco, Tex., on Sept. i, as librarian of
Baylor University Library.
LYTLE, Mary, formerly reference librarian
at the Tacoma Public Library, has been ap-
pointed assistant librarian in charge of the
reference department. Miss Lytle attended
the New York State Library School 1908-9,
and was formerly librarian of the Sedalia
(Mo.) Public Library.
MACKENZIE, Annie, for twenty-five years
a member of the Pratt Institute Library staff,
has been granted a six months' leave of ab-
sence, which she will spend abroad.
MONRAD, Anna M., librarian revisor of the
Yale University Library, has received from
the American-Scandinavian Foundation a
scholarship to study Scandinavian literature
and history at Copenhagen University, and
the arrangement of books at the Royal and
the University Libraries in Copenhagen.
PINKERTON, Helen, assistant in the loan
department of the Tacoma Public Library,
has been temporarily transferred and placed
in charge of the McKinley Hill Branch
Library. Miss Criswell, formerly in charge
of the McKinley Hill Branch of the Tacoma
Public Library, has been placed temporarily
in charge of the station at Rhodes, a large
department store of the city.
RICHARDSON, Louise, of South Carolina, a
graduate of Pratt Institute Library School,
has been appointed children's librarian at
Hibbing, Minn., and began her work there
May i.
ROY, Myrtle, assistant librarian at the Free
Public Library at Summit, N. J., for some
time, has announced that she will resign early
in June and go to her home in Nova Scotia.
She will be succeeded by Miss Amelia Robie,
a graduate of Pratt Institute of Brooklyn.
RYDER, Olive, librarian of the Meadville
(Pa.) Free Library, has offered her resigna-
tion, to take effect July i.
SEIP, Karen, New York State Library
School, 'i3-'i4, has received an appointment
as assistant in the Bergens offentlige Bibliotek,
Bergen, Norway.
SLOMANN, Vilhelm, New York State Li-
brary School, '14, has gone to the John
Crerar Library, Chicago, as temporary assist-
ant. He expects to finish his library school
course in absentia.
SMITH, Alfhild A., New York State Li-
brary School, '13-' 14, has been notified of her
appointment as assistant in the Trondhjems
Folkebibliotek, Trondhjem, Norway.
STILLWELL, Howard M., who has been in
the service of the Princeton University Li-
brary, died in Princeton, April 26. About a
month ago he was forced to give up his work
temporarily in the library. Heart disease with
complications was the cause of his death.
STONE, Ruth, who has been librarian at the
Hepburn Library in Colton, N. Y., since its
opening, has resigned.
TAFEL, Leonore A., Drexel, 1914, has been
appointed assistant in the Public Library at
Detroit.
TYNG, Mrs. William, has been appointed
librarian of the recently organized library at
Roselle, N. J.
WEST, Elizabeth, archivist in the Texas
State Library, has been elected president of
the Texas Librarians' Association to succeed
State Librarian E. W. Winkler.
WINANS, Miss Euphemia, who since June
i, 1897, has been employed in the order divi-
sion of the reference department of the New
York Public Library, died on April 29, 1914.
THE LIBRARY WORLD
New England
MAINE
Farmington. Miss Belle W. Oilman, who
died in Boston, April 25, left $5,000 to the
Public Library here.
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Concord. By the wills (identical in word-
ing) of Miss Emily Conant and Miss Eliza
A. Conant, of Nine Acres Corner, who
died within four days of each other at the
ages of 90 and 92 respectively, the sum of
$1,000 was left to the trustees of the Concord
Public Library.
Manchester. It is not now expected that
the interior of the new library building will
be finished and ready to receive the books
before midsummer. Under the direction of
Miss F. Mabel Winchell, the librarian, the
preliminary work of preparation for the mov-
ing has been in progress since the first of
April. Much recataloging and reclassification
is to be clone before the books can be shelved
in the new building, where the various de-
partments for the first time will have
separate rooms.
Sugar Hill. Mrs. Elizabeth Thomas Rich-
ardson is to give a new library building to
the town in memory of her husband, the late
Professor Charles Francis Richardson, of
Dartmouth College. It will be a story and a
half building with low overhanging roof.
Other gifts obtained through the efforts of
Miss Jerusha E. Parker, the librarian, will
be devoted to the purchase of site and laying
out of the grounds.
MASSACHUSETTS
Boston. East Boston people are now able
to use the branch at 276 Meridian street. It
is a two-story structure with high basement,
and with the land cost $100,000. Miss Ellen
O. Walkeley, the custodian, and her six as-
sistants, directed the moving of the 15,000
or more books from the old library quarters
in the Austin school on Paris street. In the
basement is a lecture-room, seating more than
300 people, with a separate outside entrance,
as well as an entrance from the main floor.
There are two entrances to the main floor,
one for children and one for adults. Prac-
tically the entire main floor is devoted to the
children, there being seats for no at large
round tables. On the second floor is the
adults' reading-room, with seats for 96 at
oblong tables. In addition there are the cus-
todian's office, lunch and work rooms. The
East Boston branch of the Boston Public
Library is the oldest branch of any size of
any public library in the United States. It
was established in 1870, and for years was
quartered in a building on the site of the
present new Court House. Two years ago
it was removed to Paris street, where it kas
been located until the present building was
completed.
Boston. An exhibition of books and pict-
ures to commemorate the 35oth anniversary
of the birth of Shakespeare has been placed
in the fine arts department. The exhibition
is arranged in the following groups : i.
Original and early editions of his works, com-
prising the four folios of 1623, 1632, 1663 and
1685 of the collected works; the first Ameri-
can and the first Boston editions; all the
quarto editions of the plays published before
that of 1700, either originals or facsimile
reprints. 2. Translations in foreign lan-
guages. 3. Shakespeare's autograph signa-
ture in the library copy of North's "Plutarch"
of 1603, and facsimiles of other signatures. 4.
Commemorative medals. 5. Shakespeare's
library classics, schoolbooks, dictionaries, etc.,
and early romances, novels, poems and his-
tories, used by Shakespeare as the founda-
tion of his dramas. 6. Early notices of
Shakespeare and his work, and allusions to
him, in books published before 1700. 7. Eng-
lish dramatists and poets; original editions
of the works of Shakespeare's contempor-
aries published during his lifetime. 8. Novels
and plays in which Shakespeare is a char-
acter, or which relate to him. 9. The birds
of Shakespeare. Illustrations of some of the
birds mentioned in his plays. Shakespeare's
garden; pictures of flowers mentioned in his
plays. 10. Portraits of Shakespeare. n.
Portraits of his contemporaries. 12. Scenes
and characters in Shakespeare's plays. 13.
Shakespeare's England; scenery, architecture,
costumes and customs of England in Shake-
speare's time.
Cambridge. The library of the Diocese of
Massachusetts, now resident in the Diocesan
House, is to be removed to the Episcopal
Theological School, a special place having
been arranged for it in the John Gordon
Wright Memorial Library. There are about
June, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
471
.5,000 books in the collection, dealing for the
vmost part with the history of the church in
Massachusetts. A special fund is provided
for the care of these books.
Charlton. A bequest of $1,000 to the town
of Charlton for the support of the public li-
brary is contained in the will of the late
Edward A. Lamb.
Lancaster. By the will of the late Char-
lotte Taylor Lane, filed in New York, $1,000
is left to the town library.
New Bedford. The collection of pictures,
pamphlets, autographs and books relating to
printing, newspapers and newspaper men gath-
ered by the late William L. Sayer, is left by
his will to the city of New Bedford, for the
use of the Free Public Library, upon con-
dition that it be kept together, and that each
iDook and pamphlet shall retain permanently
Mr. Sayer's bookplate.
Orange. This town's new $50,000 library,
the gift of Mrs. Almira E. (Wheeler)
Thompson, in memory of her late husband,
John W. Wheeler, was dedicated April 17.
The building is an adaptation of the French
renaissance, with basement and one finished
.story, the foundations of which are of solid
concrete. The front portion, which is 60x32
feet, contains fuel, storage and boiler-rooms
in the basement, and adult's reading-room,
•delivery-room, and children's reading-room
on the first floor. The rear portion, with di-
mensions of 54x36 feet, contains stairway with
entrance from Grove street, stack-room, li-
brarian's room, workroom, storeroom and
toilet-room. A historical and relic-room is
located under the stack-room, this being pro-
vided for the exhibit of the Orange Anti-
quarian Society. The underpinning and steps
of the building are of Fitchburg granite, fine
cut, and the superstructure is of brick, with
Indiana limestone trimmings. The roof is
covered with green slate.
CONNECTICUT
Meriden. For th^ third time since its erec-
tion, the Curtis Memorial Library was entered
April 20. The burglars went through the desk
drawers, but got nothing of value. Two
other attempts have been made to rob the li-
brary. The first on Aug. 20, 1908 was suc-
cessful, the persons entering the building tak-
ing all the money in the drawers. The
other attempt was Oct. 13, 1910, when nothing
of value was obtained.
Middle Atlantic
NEW YORK
Belfast. At a meeting held by the Haw-
thorne Ladies' Literary Club and friends, the
announcement was made that a friend, who
wishes to remain unknown for a while, will
build for the town an $8000 library if it will
be satisfied with such a structure. Although
the donor is not known, it is suspected that
he is a wealthy Olean man who was born in
this town.
Brooklyn. An exhibit of pictures made by
the cutting and assembling of colored papers
is now on view at Richmond Hill branch of
the Queens Borough Public Library. The
pictures are made by cutting out of colored
paper houses, paths, clouds, etc., and super-
imposing these one upon the other. A knowl-
edge of color and perspective is, of course,
necessary for artistic effects. These pictures
are the work of Miss Kate Franklin of Flush-
ing. There are about twenty-six, framed and
glazed.
Carmel. The Reed Memorial Library, re-
cently completed, was turned over to the
Literary Union early in May.
Fairport. Andrew Carnegie has offered a
gift of $11,000 to the village of Fairport for
the erection of a new public library building
on the usual conditions that the village
furnish a site and guarantee to expend an
amount at least 10 per cent, of the gift an-
nually for maintenance. The Public Library
has for some years felt the need of additional
room and facilities, having been housed in
one room in the second story of a business
block. Its maintenance has been provided
by the school district formed by the village
of Fairport. The matter of a site will be
taken up at once with the idea of accepting
the gift.
Franklinville. The proposition for the
town of Franklinville to raise $660 annually
for maintenance of the proposed public li-
brary was carried by a majority of 49 at the
special election April 22. This will insure
the building of the new library this summer
at a cost of about $7500. C. A. Blont, of
Washington, D. C., a former local man and
graduate of Ten Broeck academy, donates
$5000 and the Carnegie Cornporation will pro-
vide the balance.
New York City. George L. Rives, formerly
first vice-president, has been elected president
of the board of trustees of the New York
Public Library to fill the vacancy caused by
the death of John L. Cadwalader.
472
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[June, 1914
New York City. In the recent "Exhibit of
better industrial relations" held by the busi-
ness men's group of the Ethical Culture So-
ciety, the New York Public Library had on
display a traveling library typical of the ones
placed in factories and stores throughout the
city. The library also had for free distribu-
tion its 46-page pamphlet called "Facts for the
public," and the many reading lists it has pre-
pared on engineering and the industrial arts
and trades.
New York City. Friends of Samuel Put-
nam Avery propose to strike a medal in his
honor, in appreciation of his contributions to
the fine arts and in commemoration of his
gift of the Avery Library building to Co-
lumbia University. The medal will be struck
from a design by Victor D. Brenner.
New York City. The Public Library is to
be made the depository for the records made
by the Modern Historic Records Association,
of which Herbert L. Bridgman is president.
An expedition is now being fitted out to
follow in the wake of the American forces
in Mexico. The purpose will be to gather
data likely to be of interest to posterity. A
novel feature of the plans is that the phono-
graph and moving pictures will be put to use,
and transcripts of the sights and sounds of
war will be made.
New York City. The Evening Post of
April 30 printed a long letter, signed by Nor-
ville Wallace Sharpe of St. Louis, protesting
against the proposed transfer of the Surgeon
General's Library to the Library of Congress.
Incorporated in the letter is the full text of
the protest adopted by the St. Louis Medical
Society at its meeting on April 4, and for-
warded to Washington at that time.
Newark F. P. L. [Corrected entry.] Sue
A. Saltsman, Ibn. (Rpt.— yr. ending Oct. 31,
1913.) Accessions 644; total number of vol-
umes in the library 9503. Circulation 32,498.
New registration 369 of which 144 was in
the children's department. The circulation of
the books sent to the school for the year was
2061.
Norwich. Guernsey Memorial L. N. Louise
Ruckteshler, Ibn. (Rpt. — year ending July i,
1913). Accessions, 775; total number of vol-
umes in library 11,047. Circulation 37,524-
New registration 416; total registration 3228.
Receipts $3637.73.
The Norwich Sun of April 7 comments on
a recent library poster calling attention to the
need for a new library building and compar-
ing the present quarters with those of libra-
ries in 12 other New York towns. All but
one of these outrank Norwich in annual ap-
propriation, yet only three have a greater
per capita circulation. Frequently of late be-
cause of the crowded and weakened condi-
tion of its building the Guernsey Memorial
Library has found it necessary to turn away
valuable gifts.
Rochester. A location is now being sought
for a new branch on the east side of the
city, the first in that locality.
St. Johnsville. A six weeks' campaign for
the benefit of the Margaret Reaney Memorial
Library closed May i. About $2200 was
realized, which will be used for books.
Sherburne. The Sherburne Public Library
has received $500, the legacy left by the late
John H. O'Brian, editor of the Sherburne
News for many years.
NEW JERSEY
Bordentown. The Bordentown Public Li-
brary has been removed from the Maitland
property on Farnsworth avenue to the home
of George Lieberum, on the same avenue,
above Crosswicks street.
Bridgeton. The will of the late Cement
W. Shoemaker, a glass manufacturer, leaves
$5000 to the Bridgeton Library.
Haddon Heights. All the trustees of the
Free Library which has been under the con-
trol of Borough Council have resigned, and
requested that hereafter the library be man-
aged by the newly organized Woman's Club.
Hoboken. The children's room of the
Hoboken Public Library has been moved to
the upper floor of the building and is now in-
stalled in a room 45 by 50 feet, with new and
appropriate furniture and with sufficient ac-
commodation for all the work of its depart-
ments. The success of the story hour has
been so great that it is necessary to make two
sections, and stories are now told on alter-
nate Saturday mornings to the young and
older children. The displaying of pictures on
screens is another popular feature of this
department. Sets of mounted pictures, col-
ored photographs, and prints of all kinds
are used. Topics of the day are covered and
many sets are used for school work. Nature
study and Mexico are now the special feat-
ures of display. These pictures are exten-
sively used also in the reference department
and the high school branch. The room for-
June, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
473
merly used as the juvenile department will
be used for the accommodation of German
and Italian books, of which there are now
over 7000 volumes.
Jersey City. The Public Library celebrated
its twenty-fifth anniversary May 13, with
a program which included music and
speeches. The first library was located in the
basement of the Hudson County National
Bank and the Provident Institution for Sav-
ings on Washington street. It opened with
about 15,000 volumes on the shelves, and dur-
ing the first year the use of books amounted
to 300,000. Four or five delivery stations
were opened during the first year. The li-
brary now has a building of its own, which
is considered by many to be the finest library
building in the state, containing a collection
of over 150,000 books. There are eight
branches, one of which is as large as most
city libraries and has a circulation of over
100,000 a year. There are also three deposit
stations and twenty-one delivery stations.
Morristown. The Morristown Library and
Lyceum will receive a total of $35,000 insur-
ance for the loss on the building destroyed by
fire in February.
PENNSYLVANIA
Chester. The will of Mrs. Sarah D.
Mowry leaves $300 to the Chester Free Li-
brary.
Conshohocken. The sum of $2500 has
been left in trust to the Free Library by the
late J. Elwood Lee.
Philadelphia. The Passyunk branch of the
Free Library of Philadelphia, Twentieth and
Shunk streets, was dedicated April 21. The
meeting was presided over by Henry R. Ed-
munds, president of the Board of Education
and president of the board of trustees of
the Philadelphia Free Library. Dr. John
Thomson, chief librarian, was not present be-
cause of illness. John A. Ashurst, assistant
librarian of the Philadelphia Free Library,
explained to the audience the purposes and
uses to which the building was dedicated.
Clinton Rogers Woodruff, a trustee, delivered
the chief address, in which he said that Phila-
delphia's great need now was money for a
central library building, facing the Parkway.
The building is the fifteenth building to be
erected from the fund of $1,500,000 given by
Andrew Carnegie ten years ago, to be used
in the construction of 30 buildings. It stands
on ground donated by the Girard estate and
is the twenty-fifth building in the city to be
devoted to library purposes.
Philadelphia. An ordinance providing for
the purchase at $9000 of the property at the
northwest corner of Hunting Park and
Wayne avenues for a free library site has
been passed.
Reading. The trustees of the Public Li-
brary have decided to establish branches in
the -public school houses at the following
points: Douglass and Weiser streets, Perkio-
men avenue and Fifteenth street and Ninth
and Spring streets.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Washington. "The Judge John M. Mitchell
Memorial Law Library" has been established
permanently in the Law School of the Catholic
University of America, by Misses Agnes and1
Marion L. Mitchell of Concord, N. H., in mem-
ory of their father, the late Judge John M.
Mitchell, who was the first Catholic elevated
to the bench of the Superior Court of New
Hampshire. By vote of the board of trustees
of the university it will be kept intact always
in the Law School. The trustees have also
authorized the erection in the Law School of
a suitable tablet commemorating the dis-
tinguished career of New Hampshire's hon-
ored son.
Washington. Postmaster Praeger has sent
out to post-offices in Maryland, Virginia, West
Virginia and southern Pennsylvania, 100,000
copies of a circular giving instructions how
to prepare, pack and mail their produce for
the Washington trade, and asking all farmers;
who desire to deal through the parcel post
with the Washington consumers to send to*
the postmaster of Washington their names
and addresses, with a statement of what they
can furnish by parcel post. The prices at
which the farmers will sell their produce by
parcel post will be posted on the bulletin
board of the Public Library, with the names
and addresses of the farmers.
Washington. The manuscript division of the
Congressional Library has lately been in re-
ceipt of papers, which date from the time of
Columbus to the present and are in the hand-
writing of many of the people most famous
in history for the last 400 years. Among
them are letters from kings and queens, land
grants, political effusions, and papal bulls. In
a word, they are the savings of 400 years of
the correspondence of Europe's noted noble
family, the Argenteau. About two years ago
a shabbily dressed woman, the last of the liner
474
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[June, 1914
appeared in the store of a dealer of old books
in New York, offering old manuscripts for
sale. The dealer learned that she had seven
•crates of similar manuscripts, and bought all
for a song. Then they were examined by a
man who cataloged the contents, the seven
•crates were auctioned and the Library of
Congress got them. Gaillard Hunt, chief of
the manuscript division, has not yet under-
taken to examine the collection or arrange it
in proper order, but enough is learned by the
superficial examination given by the dealer
in New York to indicate its importance. The
manuscripts may run up as high as 20,000 in
number. They are believed to be the most
valuable and the largest collection of his-
torical papers from one family in any country
in the world.
The South
VIRGINIA
Richmond. The Rotary Club has pledged
itself, if the city appropriates the $110,000
.asked for the purchase of Jeter Hall for a
public library, to raise $50,000 for a book fund.
Richmond. Earl Gregg Swem, the assistant
-state librarian, has recently submitted a re-
port entitled "A list of mss. recently de-
posited in the State Library by the state
auditor." It enumerates among the accumu-
lated state and county papers of a century
and a half nearly 700,000 pieces of value.
Records of property alone are estimated "to
•constitute the most authentic and compre-
hensive source material for the economic and
social history of Virginia from 1782 to the
•close of the war between the States." Items
abound scarcely less interesting than the fol-
lowing: "Clark, George Rogers. 70 packages
of letters, accounts, orders, captured papers,
.and miscellaneous documents concerning
••George Rogers Clark and the Illinois country,
1778-1783. 300 pieces per package."
SOUTH CAROLINA
Charleston. The new library building is
practically completed, and is an up-to-date,
fireproof building. The library, however, is
burdened by a debt of about $20,000, and a
canvass is being made in an effort to raise
'the sum. A donation of $5000 has been tend-
• ered on condition that the entire indebtedness
with which the Library is burdened shall be
fully paid.
Florence. The Carnegie Corporation has
granted the city the sum of $10,000 for a li-
Vbrary building, on the usual conditions.
Marion. The Marion Public Library gave
its ninth annual reception April 14. Dr. Yates
Snowden, of the University of South Caro-
lina, addressed the audience on "South Caro-
lina as a background for fiction." The Marion
Public Library was the first library in the
state to be supported by taxation and to be
owned by a school district. It is patronized
by people all over the county.
FLORIDA
Miami. A library of 5000 volumes has been
collected by the Miami Woman's Club. The
club also has erected a $14,000 library and
clubhouse, on a lot in Royal Palm park, do-
nated for the purpose by Henry M. Flagler.
KENTUCKY
Louisville. The magazine section of the
Louisville Herald of recent date had a full
page article, with illustrations, on the branch
libraries for colored people in that city. A
noticeable feature of the negro's reading, ac-
cording to Thomas F. Blue, the colored li-
brarian in charge of both branches, is that he
reads very little fiction. "If he is earnest
enough to read, he wants solid material. This
is partly due to the fact that most of the read-
ing is directed by teachers. The negro spends
most of his reading time on history, biog-
raphy, sociology, and books about his race."
TENNESSEE
Knoxville. A contract for a free public
library for Knoxville, to be known as the
Lawson McGhee Library, deeded to the city
by the trustees, and to be maintained by the
city, was signed April 22, by Mayor S. G.
Heiskell for the city commissioners and ten
of the trustees of the present Lawson Mc-
Ghee Library, at a special meeting of the
commission and library trustees. The con-
tract provides that the library trustees shall
build a $50,000 library building on a suitable
lot, furnish it with books and library acces-
sories, turning over to the city the 18,000
volumes now possessed by the library, and
deed the building and library to the city in
fee simple perpetually. The city on its part
agrees to maintain the library, appropriating
for this purpose not less than $5,000 a year.
As the present levy of two cents for library
purposes more than makes this amount, no
trouble is expected in raising it. The library
is to retain its old name, with suitable words
following to show that it is a free public li-
brary. The city commissioners will report to
the Lawson McGhee trustees each year, soon
after Jan. 23. A friendly suit has been
brought to test the legality of the transfer.
June, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
475
GEORGIA
Savannah. The new Carnegie Library will
'be built at Bull and Thirty-sixth streets on the
lot next to the Hull Memorial Presbyterian
Church. The $75,ooo allowed by the Car-
negie Corporation will go into the building.
The city will provide the furnishings, which
will cost $10,00® to $15,000, so that the invest-
ment will represent a total of approximately
'.$105,000. All of the Savannah architects will
be invited to submit tentative designs. The
present annual appropriation for library main-
tenance is $10,000, but next year it is under-
stood it will be increased to $12,500, or per-
'haps $15,000, as the superior facilities for
"handling children and for reference work the
--new building will offer will tend to greatly
increase its use and the demand for works of
ireference.
MISSISSIPPI
Clinton. Work has been begun on the Mis-
sissippi College Library, to cost about $30,000.
R. H. Hunt of Chattanooga, Tenn., is the
architect.
ALABAMA
Birmingham. As the result of solicitation
.-some weeks ago for money to buy technical
ftooks, the Tennessee Coal, Iron and Rail-
road Company has instructed Carl Milam,
'the librarian, to purchase books to the amount
•of $1000 and charge them to the company.
Mr. Milam was assisted in compiling this book
list by the auditor of the Tennessee Com-
-pany, the Electrical Engineering Society, the
•superintendent of manual training of the city
•schools, the city engineer, the Technical De-
partment of the Y. M. C. A. and a list fur-
nished by the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh.
Twenty technical magazines are also made
possible by the gift. The library is likewise
•directing special effort to getting the foreign
residents to use the library, and has added
many books specially intended for the use of
foreigners in learning English. Rules of
registration have been simplified and bor-
rowers' privileges extended considerably.
Birmingham. At the close, May 2, of the
campaign to raise book money for the Public
Library, $20,000 had been subscribed. Some
-committees, unable to work on the allotted
-days, asked an extension of time, and the
•total is expected to be about $30,000. Posters
'"boosting" the campaign were placed on
fronts of street cars and in shop windows,
slides shown in the moving picture theaters,
"blotters telling the plan of subscription and
the intended use of the money were dis-
tributed by the Boy Scouts, the ministers
addressed their congregations on the subject
and sent out many letters, and the news-
papers gave columns of space for publicity
articles. The city was divided into districts,
and a committee appointed in each district
to take charge of the work. The need of the
campaign grew out of the financial condition
of the city, which would not permit of suffi-
cient appropriations to do more than supply
maintenance funds for the library.
Central West
MICHIGAN
Monroe. Mrs. Augusta A. Dorsch, widow
of the late Dr. Edward Dorsch, has be-
queathed the city of Monroe her residence
on First street, to be used as a public library.
The homestead is valued at about $5,000.
OHIO
In a test case brought in Franklin county,
the state supreme court upholds the law pro-
viding that fines assessed in police court shall
go to law libraries. The decision will be of
interest in every county in the state because
of the doubt which has been general as to
whether or not the law under which such
funds are paid to law library associations
for their maintenance was valid.
Cincinnati. The University of Cincinnati has
recently issued an 8-page pamphlet on "The
Municipal Reference Bureau: what it is, what
it does, how it works." It defines the bureau
as a "clearing house for information on city
government," shows by two charts the su-
periority of the bureau over the old hap-
hazard way of getting information, and gives
a list of subjects on which the bureau is pre-
pared to furnish material.
Hamilton. Plans to open branches of the
Lane Free Library in Lindenwald, East
Hamilton and on the West Side are now be-
ing formulated by the board of trustees of
the library. In addition to these three
branches a business men's reading room in the
business district may also be opened.
INDIANA
Indianapolis. As the result of an appeal
from almost 1,000 native-born Danes and
Hollanders resident here, a large assortment
of standard works in their two languages
have been ordered for the Indianapolis Public
Library. The Danish collection is to be se-
lected by the librarian of the Royal Library
of Denmark at Copenhagen.
476
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[June, 1914
ILLINOIS
Chicago. The Public Library is planning
to establish a music department. There has
always been a fine collection in the library of
books about music, and now the actual printed
notes will be added. For some years now the
library has maintained a complete department
of scores of the grand operas, and the ex-
tensive use made of this section convinced the
authorities that the time was ripe for greatly
increasing their musical equipment. The plan
in its general outlines will be to install in the
library the scores of the classic literature of
music. The piano composers will be repre-
sented by the works of all the great men
from Bach to Brahms ; all the song writers,
the oratorios, the works for violin, 'cello, and
for these instruments with the piano. The
most valuable section will be the scores of
symphonies, overtures, operas and chamber
music, not in pianoforte arrangement, but in
full orchestral scores. Eventually a section
devoted to rolls for the various instruments
for the mechanical reproduction of music may
be added.
Chicago. The Municipal Reference Li-
rary bulletin No. 2, prepared by Frederick
Rex, the librarian, is on "Municipal dance
halls." It is a summary of the efforts made
in Boston, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Denver,
Milwaukee and San Francisco, toward the
municipal establishment and operation of open
public dance halls, and was prepared for the
use of the city council when it considered the
question of establishing similar amusement
places in Chicago.
The North West
WISCONSIN
Black River Falls. The city council has
accepted the offer of $10,000 from the Car-
negie Corporation for a library.
Mihvaukee. With the finishing of the new
addition to the public library, work on which
is rapidly proceeding, it is expected that ac-
commodations will be increased for 225,000
more books. This enlargement is being ef-
fected in the court, behind the main structure.
A children's library is contemplated for the
first floor, entrance to which will be from
Eighth street, and when this arrangement is
ready the children's library, now on the third
floor of the old building, will be transferred
to the new quarters.
Ripon. A library class has been conducted
in Ripon College this year under the direc-
tion of William Everett Jillson, the college
librarian. The class had two recitations a
week, with two hours' work in the library.
Twelve women and seven men took the
course.
MINNESOTA
Duhith. It is announced in the local press
that the city will establish a branch library
at Gary if a room can be secured in the new
school building which will be built there this
spring.
IOWA
Des Moines. An advertising campaign to-
increase patronage at the city library was
launched early in May. Special effort was
made to reach children whose cards have
run out in the last year, and who have not
shown inclination to renew them. About 800
circular letters were sent out to former pa-
trons of the children's department. An ex-
periment to increase patronage among resi-
dents in the branch library districts was made
in the district of East High School, where
a branch library was recently opened. Names
were looked up in the city directory and a
mailing list was compiled ready for a deluge
of circular letters.
NEBRASKA
Lincoln. A bronze tablet, designed by
Victor David Brenner, was unveiled in the
Lincoln Public Library April 23, as the open-
ing of Lincoln's celebration of the 35oth an-
niversary of Shakespeare's birthday.
SOUTH DAKOTA
Armour. A new Carnegie Library is to be
built here at a cost of $7500. W. L. Steele
of Sioux City, la., is the architect chosen.
WYOMING
Laramie. The private library of the late
Dr. Agnes M. Wergeland, for many years
a teacher of history and Spanish in Wyoming
University, has been given to the University
Library. Over a thousand books are included
in the bequest, and at least another thousand
had been given by her during her years of
service. Included in the last lot are several
volumes of scrapbooks filled with reproduc-
tions of famous paintings, post cards of
European scenes, and a complete collection
of her own contributions to periodical
literature.
The South West
MISSOURI
Fayette. Part of the $225,000 being raised
for Central College may be used to erect a
June, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
477
$50,000 library building for the college, is
the announcement made at the spring meeting
of the board of curators.
St. Louis. Six of the branch libraries and
one public school are being used each Sat-
urday as receiving stations in the campaign
which the St. Louis Republic and the Con-
sumers' League are conducting against the
house fly. Children are paid 10 cents for
every hundred dead flies they bring in, and
the flies are then gathered up and burned.
ARKANSAS
Morrilton. A library for the use of the
-citizens of Morrilton has been equipped and
opened by the Pathfinder Club of this city
and is now in use by the general public. The
building occupied is the former home of the
Presbyterian congregation. The collection
'Contains 8500 volumes.
KANSAS
Leavenworth. The six months ending with
March were the busiest in the history of the
library, and the slight loss of circulation
noticed last year has been regained. At the
present time 24 per cent, of the population
is enrolled. During February the interior of
the library was entirely redecorated, at a
'.cost of $590.
OKLAHOMA
McAlester. The new $25,000 Carnegie
."building was dedicated April 16. The city's
first library was opened in 1905 by a women's
club in an upstairs room in a business block,
members of the club taking turns in caring
for the collection.
TEXAS
Announcement was made at the annual
meeting of the Texas Library Association,
that if 15 students in library work register
between now and April i, 1915, the University
of Texas will open a summer school for them.
Owing to the fact that there is no summer
school in the state for such training, many
wishing to take up the work left the state
last year to study. This was brought to the
attention of the university of the state li-
brarians.
Dallas. The cornerstone of the Oak Cliff
branch was laid April 23. The building will
probably be completed about the middle of
August.
Houston. The city has refused to con-
tribute more than $7800 a year to the support
•of the Carnegie Library, and in refusing the
petition called attention to the great need of
funds for public improvements. The library
received $13,500 from the city last year.
San Antonio. A pretty story was printed
recently in a San Antonio paper of a little
girl, by the name of Johanna Chojnecki,
whose mother works out by the day, who
found her way into the Carnegie Library and
timidly asked if little girls could get fairy
stories there. Of course she was shown the
children's room, and after browsing among
the books awhile, went away clutching the
biggest one she could find. The next day
she exchanged the book for another, and as
she took the second one she said, "Do people
give money to help the library?" She was
told they sometimes did. "Then I want to
give some too," and she placed a nickel on
the desk. The story, accompanied by a note
from the librarian, was sent to Mr. Carnegie,
and a few days later the librarian received
the following reply from Mr. Carnegie's
secretary :
"Mr. Carnegie is sending in your care a
book endorsed to the 'little blue-eyed girl'
so much interested in fairy stories from the
Carnegie Library in San Antonio. Won't
you kindly present the book to the little girl
with Mr. Carnegie's compliments and fill her
name in the space reserved?"
San Benito. The San Benito Public Li-
brary was formally opened May 2 with a book
shower by the ladies of the Women's Club,
which resulted in the securing of approxi-
mately 200 volumes as a working basis.
Rooms for the library have been donated by
a local bank until a suitable building can be
erected upon the lots already provided for
that purpose.
Temple. Agitation has been started for
improved public library facilities, and the
present Carnegie Library will probably either
be remodeled or rebuilt. It was constructed
ii years ago, and the city has outgrown the
building both as to size and character of
construction. If the structure is rebuilt it
is proposed to move it from its present loca-
tion in the center of the city park to a corner
of the grounds.
Pacific Coast
WASHINGTON
Aberdeen. Plans for an addition to and
changes in the present Carnegie library build-
ing, calling for an expenditure of $20,000
have been approved, and the money will be
478
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[June,
provided by the Carnegie Corporation of New
York. The present stack room will be taken
into the present reading rooms for adults
and children, doubling their space. The ad-
dition will provide a stack room 41x27 feet,
a reference room, a room for trustees, a staff
room, delivery desk and repair room. There
will be a fireplace in the reading room and in
the children's room. The first floor or base-
ment will provide a lecture room, a men's
smoking and reading room, a story hour
room, a women's rest room, an unpacking
room, furnace and fuel room.
Spokane. Plans for the new North Mon-
roe branch have been approved by the Car-
negie Corporation. The amount allowed for
construction and furnishing of the building
is $17,500. The new Heath and East Side
branches were opened to the public early in
April.
Tacoma. The Public Library has recently
installed an inter-communicating telephone sys-
tem, consisting of eight desk telephones and two
trunk lines giving inter-communicating serv-
ice to all eight departments, and at the same
time permitting outside communication on the
two trunk lines. The entrance has been
painted and varnished, and an individual
towel rack installed near the children's room,
some needed electrical fixtures added, and
some necessary wooden shelving ordered. A
plumbing system is to be provided that will
make hot water available in the building and
a'ld a drinking fountain on the second floor.
The fiscal year of the library and the "report
year," which have heretofore been July to
June, have been changed to the calendar year
January to December which is the fiscal year
of the city and of all tax supported bodies
except the school district.
CALIFORNIA
East Bakersfield. The contract for the
erection of the new public library has been
awarded, the contract price being $22,553.
P 'airfield (Solano Co.). The supervisors
have authorized the establishment of a Solano
County Free Library under the supervision
of State Librarian J. L. Gillis. It is esti-
mated that $7,000 will be expended on the li-
brary. Twenty-four counties of the state
have established libraries. Contra Costa and
Butte counties recently opened them.
Long Beach. The library commission, on
April 14, appointed Miss Zaidee Brown,
organizing agent of the Massachusetts Free
Library Commission, librarian to succeed Miss
Victoria Ellis. In support of its attitude re-
garding Miss Ellis's resignation, the commis-
sion made public on March 28, a report made
on its behalf in investigation of the library
administration by Miss Mary E. Robbins,.
previously in charge of the winter library
school of the Riverside Public Library. Miss
Robbins gave a general review of the equip-
ment and management of the library, with
commendation of the collection of books and
suggestion of changes in arrangement of de-
partments, the replacement of the Browne
charging system by the "Modified Newark"1
system, and the establishment of a "pay
duplicate collection" of popular books. In
regard to the relations of the library commis-
sion to the librarian, she stated that "i»
every well-regulated library board the libra-
rian is never present unless invited."
Los Angeles. The removal of the Public
Library in June to the much-needed new
quarters in the Metropolitan building, entails
additional expenses of about $10,000, for
which no provision has been made by the
city council. Every possible reduction has
been made by the library authorities in the
operating expenses, and in order to finish the
fiscal year and effect the removal without
serious deficit it has also been necessary to
virtually suspend book purchases until July
i. The buying of new fiction is discontinued
and only books for which there is special and
urgent need will be bought for the present.
Orland. The Women's Improvement Club
has raised $1,000 and bought a lot for the
new Carnegie Library, for which $8,000 has
been appropriated by the Carnegie Corpor-
ation.
Willows (Glenn Co.}. The county super-
visors have decided to establish the Glenn
County Library, a branch of the State Li-
brary, on Aug. i. A librarian will be engaged
from the State Library. The salary is $100
a month. There will be sub-stations over the
county at Butte City, Hamilton City, Orland,
Norman, Germantown, Bayliss, Fairview,
Newville, Princeton, Glenn, Ord, and possibly
other points. Willows will be the headquarters.
IDAHO
Caldwcll. Caldwell's new public library —
the structure, the gift of Andrew Carnegie, the
institution, the culmination of several years
effort on the part of the ladies of the For-
ward Gub — was dedicated May i. The at-
tendance over-taxed the capacity of the build-
ing and many who desired to attend the ex-
June, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
479
ercises were unable to gain even standing
room. A book shower was a feature of the
opening. The building is a handsome red
brick structure of plain but imposing archi-
tecture. The basement will be occupied as
club rooms by the Forward Club. The cost
of the building was $12,500. The site was
donated by the city.
UTAH
Garland. The contracts for the new Car-
negie library, amounting to about $8,000, have
been awarded, and work is already begun.
Philippine Islands
Two young Filipino men in the province
of Occidental Negros have started a circu-
lating library. There are about 200 bound
volumes and another 200 in paper. Of these
about 120 are the beginning of a collection of
Filipiniana. Spanish and English fiction are
represented, as well as general subjects. The
rules of the library are practically identical
with those of the Philippine Library. Mem-
bers are exempted from the annual fee and
are enrolled upon presenting a certain num-
ber of books to the library. A small fee is
charged to cover postage on books sent to
other towns. Other circulating libraries al-
ready exist in Albay, Lucena, Zamboanga and
Manila.
Canada
In Part IV of the report of the members
of the Royal Commission on Industrial Train-
ing and Technical Education, the testimony
as to public libraries is summarized. Several li-
brarians reported a demand for technical books
and trade journals, and in a number of places
the demand is met by the libraries, by spe-
cial lists sent out or posted in the buildings,
and by traveling libraries. The president of
the Ontario Library Association, in a com-
munication, calls attention to the large amount
of money sent out of Ontario each year to
correspondence schools in the United States.
He believes that the library, which is sup-
ported by taxation, should be more fully de-
veloped on its technical side so as to provide
every ambitious man with the means and op-
portunity of perfecting himself in a knowl-
edge of the theoretical side of his chosen
work. A public library, he says, should hare
carefully selected books of reference bearing
on the subjects taught in any technical school
in the vicinity, and also on the industries
carried on in the neighborhood. The Ontario
Library Association proposes to utilize the
public libraries wherever possible to carry
out these ideas, and to provide the books,
partly from funds of the local libraries and
partly from legislative grants, realizing that
technical education means much for the
wealth and refinement of the Canadian people,
and that it is a problem at present taxing all
resources for solution. A committee of the
association, which visited a number of cities
in the United States while investigating the
question, has drawn up a list of recommenda-
tions as a result of its investigations, and
they are printed in full in the report.
Mimico. It has been decided to build a
library in Mimico. Plans have been approved
and sent to the Carnegie Corporation in
New York for their approval. The building^
will cost $6,500, which is the Carnegie grant,,
and it will be situated on the site that was-
secured about a month ago by the Library-
Board at the corner of Station road and
Stanley crescent. The plans that were ac-
cepted will provide for a flat-roofed brick
building with a basement and main floor. It
will be 40 feet wide and 55 feet long with a
io--foot high basement and 13 feet 6 inches
high main floor. It remains practically in
the hands of the contractor whether the
building will be of white or red brick.
Stouffville. By the will of the late Dr.
Alexander Sangster, the sum of $500 is left
to the town, provided that within two years
of testator's death they raise $4,000 for the
extension of the proposed Carnegie Library
building at Stouffville.
Toronto. The raising of the minimum
wage for library officials, a decrease in the
number of years intervening between the
minimum and maximum wages, and also an
increase in the maximum wage were the
chief decisions at the last meeting of the
Public Library board. The initial salary was
fixed at $500, which by regular annual in-
creases will reach $900 in the general depart-
ment and $1,000 in the cataloging and refer-
ence department. This increase is to be made
for growing efficiency, and tests will be made
in each case for promotion. Miss Bletcher
and Miss Johnston, both graduates of the Uni-
versity of Toronto, were appointed members-
of the staff.
Walkerville. John Edgecumbe, aged sev-
enty-seven, librarian at Walkerville Public Li-
brary, and said to be the oldest librarian in
point of years of service in Ontario, died
April ii. He had been in charge of Walker-
ville Library since its opening ten years ago,
480
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[June, 1914
,and for many years filled a similar position
in St. Thomas. Mr. Edgecumbe was born in
Cornwall, England, and came to Canada at
•the age of fourteen.
Wetland. Welland Town Council has ac-
.cepted the offer of $20,000 from the Carne-
gie fund for a library, and purchased a site
on Muir street at a cost of $3000.
Weston. Work has commenced for the
.erection of the new Carnegie library, corner
Main and King streets.
Whitby. Whitby's new Carnegie Library
was formally opened May I. The library is
built of red pressed brick, with trimmings of
stone. The basement contains several board
•or committee rooms, and the interior is fin-
ished in oak. The Carnegie Corporation do-
nated $10,000 toward the building fund.
Foreign
GREAT BRITAIN
A list of the members of the Library Asso-
ciation's book production committee, with a
brief statement of the notable achievements
of each member touching such matters as
qualify him to make an authoritative report
on book production, is given in the Novem-
ber-December (1913) issue of Bindery Talk,
published in California.
An appreciation of the life and work of
James Duff Brown, who died at his home in
Canonbury Park on February 26, is contrib-
uted by Charles Riddle to The Library World
for March. Mr. Brown's first library experi-
ence was obtained in the Mitchell Library in
Glasgow, and in 1888 he was appointed first
librarian in Clerkenwell. Here he worked till
his appointment to the larger and adjoining
borough of Islington, whose libraries he de-
veloped into the finest system of open ac-
cess libraries in England. In February, 1912,
he was seized with an illness from which he
never recovered. Before leaving Glasgow he
published his "Biographical dictionary of mu-
sicians." Later he collaborated with the late
S. S. Stratton in "British musical biography,"
in which Mr. Brown took the living com-
posers and Mr. Stratton those deceased. For
the Library Association he published a
"Guide to the formation of a music library,"
and in collaboration with Alfred Moffat he
published "Characteristic songs and dances of
all nations." To professional literature Mr.
Brown made many contributions. His "Man-
ual of library economy," "Subject classifica-
tion" (1906), and "Library classification and
cataloguing" (1912), are works of great value.
He was always devising new and improved
methods of work. In 1892, after attending
the International Conference of Librarians at
Chicago, and studying the system of open
access there, he established safeguarded open
access in his library at Clerkenwell and
thereby revolutionized library work in Eng-
land. Mr. Brown was a member of the Council
of the Library Association for many years
until 1912, when through an unfortunate dis-
pute he resigned his position as vice-presi-
dent. At the Bournemouth meeting the Coun-
cil unanimously elected him an Honorary
Fellow, an act which was keenly appreciated.
Mr. Brown was an indifferent speaker, and
consequently a poor debater, but an excellent
writer and the possessor of a very retentive
memory that made him able to give without
reference information on any topic relating
to music and musicians or to the libraries
of the world.
Henry Edward Johnston, member of the
•Council of the Library Association, and libra-
rian at Gateshead since 1888, died February 3.
The Library Association Record for Feb-
ruary, contains an article by Ernest A. Baker,
discussing the report of the Royal Commis-
sion on University Education in London as
far as it affects the library of the University
of London. The commissioners propose (i)
that the Goldsmiths' Library of economic
literature be removed to the London School
of Economics ; (2) to carry out "some fur-
ther decentralization" if the central university
buildings are removed to Bloomsbury; (3)
to distintegrate the library altogether if the
buildings remain at South Kensington. This
proposal is in direct opposition to the modern
library theory of centralization. It is felt that
the present Central Library is by no means
difficult of access, a system of free inter-
change would take care of the needs of dis-
tant departments, and the present location,
in close proximity to several other great li-
braries, could hardly be bettered for research
workers. During the last five years the at-
tendance in the library has grown from 1432
to 6712, and the total number of books issued,
from 7,233 to 21,280. This work will either
be crippled or wholly destroyed if the recom-
mendations of the commission are adopted.
The article closes with a summary of prin-
ciples urged for the future organization and
administration of the university libraries, in
which the principal points are centralization
of collections, development of the lending and
traveling library features, closer relations with
June, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
481
other London libraries, and the establishment
of a "central depot" library on lines proposed
by the Library Association.
Birmingham F. L. A. Capel Shaw (till
May 31, 1912), and Walter Powell (from
June i, 1912), Ibns. (sist annual rpt. — yr.
ending Mar. 31, 1913.) Accessions, net gain
9578; total number of volumes in libraries
445.675. Circulation 2,217,563. Total registra-
tion 79,108. Income for 1913, £23,040 35. 4d. ;
expenses £21,725.
Besides the central reference library there
are twenty-three lending libraries and news
rooms maintained. During the year the time
allowed for reading has been extended to
fourteen days in all cases, renewal privilege
having also been extended to fourteen days.
Borrowers' cards, hitherto available only at
the library from which they were issued, may
now be used at any library in the city, but
only one ordinary and one non-fiction card
can be used at any one library at a time.
Hours of opening have been extended until
now all the libraries except two are open
daily from 10 a.m. to 9 p.m., and the news
rooms from 9 a.m. to 10 p.m., with the excep-
tion of four which close at 9 p.m.
Bradford P. L. Butler Wood, Ibn. (43d
annual rpt. — yr. ending Aug. 12, 1913-) Ac-
cessions 8242; volumes withdrawn 4175; total
number of volumes in libraries 172,794. Cir-
culation 856,740. New registration 18,373.
The report states that there is pressing need
of a new central building. In 1911 the ques-
tion of providing "open access" to the shelves
was considered, but has never been found
practicable on account of lack of room. The
same difficulty exists in the branches. With
the exception of two branches, one of which
has just moved into a new building where
"open access" is found most satisfactory, the
fifteen branches are housed in rented quar-
ters quite unsuited for the work. A site has
been purchased for one new branch.
Dundee. Univ. Coll. L. James A. S. Bar-
rett, Ibn. (ist rpt. — Oct., 1913.) Accessions
3509; total number of volumes, approximately
14,000. Between October and June 159 read-
ers used 1292 books, exclusive of those used in
the reading room and those borrowed from
Edinburgh and London.
Glasgow. On February 5, F. T. Barrett,
city librarian, resigned his position, to take
effect on the appointment of his successor.
Mr. Barrett was appointed in 1877, when the
main library contained only a few hundred
volumes. It has grown until now it contains
over 200,000 volumes. The libraries adminis-
tered by the corporation now number twenty,
with 440,000 volumes and a staff of about 270.
"In no previous instance in the United King-
dom or abroad," says the Glasgow News, "has
any library system experienced so great a de-
velopment while under the care of its first
executive officer."
Hackney. On January 17 the Clapton
Branch Library was opened. This completes
the system of one central library and three
branches provided by a Carnegie gift of
£28,000. The library is a two story building,
its most striking feature being in the adult
lending room on the first floor, where the
shelves are arranged around a "well" over-
looking the newsroom. During the first week
727 new borrowers were enrolled and 1668
books issued.
Leeds. Classes for library assistants are
being held in literary history, classification,
cataloging and library routine. Instruction
is free to all assistants, the only condition of
enrolment being regular attendance. The
classes meet weekly, and instruction is given
by senior members of the Leeds Public Li-
braries staff.
Newcastle-upon-Tyne P. L. Basil Ander-
ton, Ibn. (32d rpt. — yr. ending Mar. 31, 1913.)
Accessions 2711; total number of volumes in
library 170,190. Circulation 607,512. Regis-
tration 36,480.
Oxford. The Bodleian Library has received
a wonderful gift of Chinese books from a
former member of the university, E. T.
Backhouse, some time postmaster of Merton
College, and for many years a resident in
China. They number some 17,000 volumes,
partly printed, partly manuscript. By this
gift the Bodleian is said to become the
richest Chinese library in the Western world.
St. Andrews. Univ. L. J. Maitland Ander-
son, Ibn. (Rpt. — yr. ending Sept. 30, 1913-)
Accessions 2123. Circulation 6629 volumes to
341 readers, excluding books used in the li-
brary itself. There were expended £631 193.
i id. for books and periodicals, £200 for serv-
ice, £55 for equipment, and £75 each for
printing and binding.
Sunderland. Arrangements have been
made recently for the admission of non-
residents to the uses of the Central and
Branch Libraries, on payment of the nominal
subscription of five shillings per annum.
482
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[June, 1914
Walthamstow. Measures have been insti-
tuted with the advice and approval of the
district auditor whereby the whole responsibil-
ity for school library work has been trans-
ferred from the Walthamstow Library Com-
mittee to the Education Committee. This is
the outcome of a test case with the L. G. B.
and the Board of Education, and has been ar-
rived at after months of discussion. The
public libraries are now relieved of any re-
sponsibility for children's work, and a proper
arrangement exists whereby the Education
Committee takes over the books and the staff
which the libraries previously maintained to
this end.
GERMANY
Children's reading rooms in Germany con-
tinue to make progress. Two more were es-
tablished in Berlin during the past year. At
present there are such reading rooms in more
than thirty German cities. In almost all cases
these are supported by associations.
Berlin. The Church Peace Union, founded
in February by Andrew Carnegie with a
$2,000,000 endowment, has appropriated part
of the fund for the purpose of establishing
a peace library in Berlin. The library will be
conducted by the Church Peace League of
Germany. The fund is to be used for the
purchase of literature only in the German and
English languages. The books will touch on
every phase of international arbitration.
Frankfurt. Stadtbibliothek (Municipal Li-
brary). Dr. Friedrich Clemens Ebrard, di-
rector. (Rpt. — yr. ending Mar. 31, 1913.)
Accessions 5717; total 365,529. Circulation
53,606; of these 20,821 volumes were used in
the reading room by 19,000 persons, the re-
mainder being taken for home use. Expendi-
tures for accessions, newspapers and binding
amounted to 46,000 marks.
Of the special collections of this library
may be mentioned the collection of ex libris,
book titles and vignettes, amounting to 4413
pieces; the autograph collection, 2882 pieces;
the municipal coin and medal collection, 18,801
pieces.
Leipzig. On April i the city opened the
first of its "municipal libraries" (practically
"branch" public libraries, as we know them).
There are other popular libraries in the city
supported by private associations, but al-
though the demand was great, lack of funds
curtailed their usefulness. The main activity
of the new municipal libraries will be the
outside loaning of books. It is intended to
provide each of the projected libraries with
about 12,000 volumes, so that the circle of
readers of each will not be too great for
the librarian to keep in personal touch with
the needs of the public.
Mtinz. Stddtische Sammlungen fur Wissen-
schafi und Kunst. (Municipal Collections of
Science and Art.) Dr. Heinrich Heiden-
heimer, Ibn. (Rpt. — yr. ending Dec. 31,
1912.) Accessions 5177. Circulation 27,295.
Total number of borrowers 5238. Receipts
from fines, etc., 8697 marks ; expenditures
65,441 marks (including appropriation of
56,744 marks).
In many respects the normal conduct of
the library was affected by the removal into
a new building. This work of removal con-
sumed almost two months, from September
16 to November 14, when the library and
archives were again opened to the public.
Great interest was shown during the year in
the picture gallery and copper-plate collection.
These were visited by 26,886 persons. The
Museum of Antiquities continued its excava-
tions and investigations of the Roman works
and ruins in the vicinity of Mainz.
Schwerin. Regierungs-Bibliothck. (Gov-
ernment Library.) (Rpt. — yr. ending Nov.
30, 1913.) Accessions 5000 (626 purchased,
remainder otherwise acquired). Circulation
10,1 18. Total number of borrowers 791. The
number of persons making use of the reading
room was 3528.
SWITZERLAND
Basel. Oeffentliche Bibliothek der Univer-
sitdts Basel. (Public Library of the University
of Basel.) Dr. C. Chr. Bernoulli, chief Ibn.
(Rpt. — yr. ending Dec. 31, 1912.) Accessions
19,441 ; total 644,739. Circulation 54,778.
There were 23,143 visitors to the reading room,
and 1722 borrowed prints and manuscripts
for use outside of the library. The total ex-
penditures for accessions were 36,212 francs.
Geneva. Bibliotheque publique et universi-
taire. M. Frederic Gardy, director. (Rpt. —
1912.) Accessions 29,796 volumes and pam-
phlets, including serials. Fifteen thousand
three hundred and fifty readers used approxi-
mately 70,000 volumes in the reading rooms,,
and 473 people borrowed 4343 volumes for
home use. There was spent 9563 fr. 10 for
new books, 6376 fr. 10 for serials, and
13,868 fr. 55 for subscriptions to periodicals.
Early in the year the basement of the li-
brary, formerly occupied by the Archaeological
Museum, was transformed into a book room,
with room for 100,000 volumes. During the
June, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
483
time the books were being shifted the library,
in part or whole, was closed to readers.
BELGIUM
Brussels. A. Collard, librarian of L'Obser-
vatoire Royal de Belgique, has recently com-
pleted and published a supplement to the
library catalog, containing eleven hundred
entries covering the accessions of books,
pamphlets and maps for the years 1910-12.
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY
Vienna. Preparations are now under way
to establish in Vienna a People's Musical Li-
brary, such as are found in several German
cities, although in the latter country these li-
braries are either wholly or partly supported
by the city. Austria already has two, namely
in Salzburg and Brunn. The main purpose
of the musical library is to place the classical
and the best modern music at the disposal
of even people of slight means. Special em-
phasis will be placed upon the educational
side of the undertaking.
Vienna. The Academic Committee for
School Reform, formed to gather material for
an investigation of the problems of munici-
pal education of children, is planning to es-
tablish what will be known as the Archives
of Youth Culture. Here is to be collected
everything in the nature of documents relat-
ing to the intellectual life of the young, manu-
scripts, pictures and other articles.
RUSSIA
The Bibliotekar, the organ of the Russian
Library Association, with the new issue of
1914, promises to give more systematic re-
views of new books. It will also print re-
ports of the general meetings of the Society
for Library Economy.
Perm. In the Bibliotekar [Librarian] for
the last quarter of 1913, A. Plotnikov has a
short descriptive article on "Fifty years of
the Public Library of the city of Perm." The
Public Library of the city of Perm, he says,
was opened in 1863. In 1831 an attempt had
been made to operate a public library, founded
by private means, but this soon failed. Five
years later another attempt was made, but
a fire almost completely destroyed it in 1842.
For the next twenty years nothing was done.
In 1863, the chief official of the city took an
active part in the library's reopening. The
city, however, made such small appropriations
for the library that in 1890, after twenty-seven
years of existence, the library had only 11,621
volumes, mostly periodicals, with an increase
of just three readers in fifteen years. In the
last twenty years the library has developed
more rapidly. In 1910 the number of books
was 37,188, or twice as many as in 1900, and
the number of readers had grown threefold,
to a total of 983. This improvement of con-
ditions was due to the increase of allowances
by the city, to improvements in the library
technique and to an increase of the staff and
of their salaries. The annual expenses of
the library at present amount to 8000 rubles.
Although called a "Public" library, the pub-
lic takes no part in its management. Never-
theless the Perm library has played a consid-
erable part in the intellectual life of the city
and has served as a model for more than
ten other city libraries.
Perm. The Zemstvo, or district council
of Krasnayaufa, in the government of Perm,
has resolved to open a net of libraries with
a central district library, 12 libraries in the
more populated places of the district, 29 vil-
lage libraries and reading rooms, 10 Pav-
lenkov libraries, some subdivisions of the
district libraries, school libraries and 12
traveling libraries. The plan is to be carried
out in 10 years. Another district of the same
government, the Yekaterinburg, had, in 1913,
46 district libraries, with 55,087 titles in 79,-
271 volumes. The number of readers was
18,323, the number of books given out 251,709,
and the number of periodicals 17,062. This
district also had 46 library reading rooms, and
61 traveling libraries with a stock of 21,338
volumes.
St. Petersburg. The Imperial Public Li-
brary of St. Petersburg at present comprises
three million volumes, prints, etc., divided
as follows: Cartographic division 24,000,
polygraphy 89,000, philosophy and pedagogy
55,000, church historical and similar works
18,000, cabinet library 32,000, Faust room
10,000, art and technology 550,000, manuscripts
200,000, Rossicana 230,000, Oriental division
19,000, jurisprudence 125,000, Hebraica 35,-
ooo, philology and belles lettres 128,000,
natural science and medicine 162,326, Russian
division 907,000, history 146,000, Slavic divi-
sion 907,000, theology 185,000.
Tiflis. A four-story building in Persian
style for the Caucasian Museum and Public
Library will be finished this year in Tiflis,
Caucasus. The cost will amount to 400,000
rubles.
484
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[June, 1914
JAPAN
Osaka L. (gth annual rpt. — yr. ending
March, 1913.) Accessions : Japanese and
Chinese books 6314; foreign 341; total 6655.
Total number volumes in library: Japanese
and Chinese 61,638; foreign 35,489; grand to-
tal 07.127. The library was open 332 days,
during which time there were 152,897 adult
readers who used 462,396 books; an average
of about 460 readers per diem, and of 3 books
per reader. In the children's rooms for the
same number of days there were 11,492 read-
ers (of whom 9604 were boys) who used
63,060 books ; a daily average of about 35
readers and 5 books per reader.
INDIA
The Library Miscellany of Baroda, India,
records the death, on November 12, of Mr.
D. G. Sukhadwala, a citizen of Bombay. Mr.
Sukhadwala was much interested in the li-
brary movement in India, and a large number
of reading rooms in the country are indebted
to him for their existence. At the time of his
death he was maturing a plan to establish
in Bombay a number of reading rooms and
libraries.
Bombay. The Muni Shri Mohanlalji Jain
Central Library was founded in 1910 to per-
petuate the memory of the late Muni Shri
Mohanlalji, a Jain priest. Through the liber-
ality of the Jains, it has a fund amounting
to Rs. 70,000 and a collection of 5000 books
and 700 manuscripts. In addition to the li-
brary and reading room, a Sanskrit Pathshala
is also maintained. The institution is free and
observes no distinction of caste, color or
creed. During the three years of its exis-
tence the library has issued 17,599 books for
home use.
Howrah. Mrs. Billious, the widow of a
Jewish merchant of Howrah, has declared her
intention of making over to the Howrah
municipality her residence with about 150
bighas of land (about 120 acres) situated in
the heart of the town, to be utilized as a pub-
lic library. The deed of gift will take effect
after her death. The property is worth five
lakhs of rupees (about $161,000).
BRAZIL
Rio de Janeiro. That the annual reports of
the National Library of Brazil appear with
imprint date five years later than the period
they cover is probably due to the cumber-
some working of government machinery, pos-
sibly with some relation to the fact that in
one form the reports appear as part of the
large, scholarly series of Annacs da Biblioteca
National. The delay is particularly unfor-
tunate at this time because, since the period
of the latest report (1908, published 1913)
the library has occupied its magnificent new
building, where improved service must be able
to show results noticeably in advance of
those we are able to quote.
Principal statistics for 1908 follow: Section
I (books) : added 5418 vols., 198 maps, 31
music scores; 44,001 readers consulted 63,722
vols. and 20,112 periodicals. Section 2
(MSS.) : added 21,262 pieces; 116 readers
consulted 16,793 pieces. Section 3 (prints) :
added 2459 pieces ; 84 readers consulted 13,785
pieces. Four thousand six hundred and ninety
volumes were bound for the three sections. A
few volumes were loaned for home use to a
limited number of readers, under special au-
thorization of the minister of justice, to
whom the library administration is subordi-
nate.
It is interesting to note that the languages
of the books consulted in Section i ranked
as follows : Portuguese, 66 per cent. ; French,
27 per cent.; English, 2 per cent.; Italian i.i
per cent., with lesser use cf eleven other
languages.
During the year decree No. 1825 of 1907
went into effect, extending to all parts of the
country the requirement for deposit in the
National Library of one copy of every work
printed ; a provision previously applying only
to the federal capital. The result was an in-
crease in the deposit of books from 482 in
1907 to 857 in 1008. The number of works
actually registered for copyright, however,
was small, being but 65 in 1907 and 71 in
1908.
Acceptance was made of an offer from the
director of the Colonial Archives Section of
the National Library at Lisbon to make an
inventory (including, in important cases,
transcripts) of documents there relating to
Brazil. The first section of this work ap-
pears, with the 1908 report, in vol. 31 of the
Annaes above referred to.
Reference is made to the furnishings of
the new building. The director, Dr. da Silva,
visited leading libraries in the United States
and Europe in 1907, and as a result of his
investigations the equipment was ordered
from well-known firms in the United States.
VV. N. S.
LIBRARY WORK
Notes of developments in all branches of library activity, particularly as shown in current
library literature.
General
Societies, Associations, Clubs, Conferences
LIBRARY CLUBS
A non-municipal librarians' club. Eriiest
A. Baker. Lib. Assn. Rec., F., 1914- P- 25-27.
Editorial. An adverse opinion on the pro-
posal to form a club for senior officers of
state, university and professional libraries.
The writer's arguments are: (i) That such
an organization will tend to accentuate the
line already drawn between municipal libraries
and those belonging either to state or uni-
versity, creating distinctions which injure
both the profession and the public. (2) The
Library Association is opposed to any class
movement among librarians, and its position
should be upheld. (3) The new organization
could give its members no privileges they
cannot enjoy under the Library Association.
(4) All qualified librarians are eligible to
membership in the association, and by joining
and organizing a section for discussing their
special problems, they can accomplish their
own purpose and at the same time strengthen,
instead of weaken, the national organization.
EDUCATIONAL WORK OF THE LIBRARY ASSOCI-
ATION
The Women's Committee. Lib. Asst., Ap.,
1914. p. 63-64.
Editorial. The committee of women libra-
rians and assistants has prepared a list, as
complete as possible, of 628 women assistants
in the British Isles. A circular letter has
been sent to each woman on the list, and the
replies show an astonishing ignorance of the
educational work of the Library Association.
About 20 now plan to join the association,
and there are many requests for further in-
formation. To answer these, a conversa-
zione was held April 30 at the Islington Cen-
tral Library, and similar gatherings will be
held in the provinces. The committee has no
desire to form a separate society for women,
but is working to awaken a real enthusiasm
among the women assistants for the work of
the Association.
COMMITTEE MEETINGS
Committee work. William Law. Lib. Asst.,
Ap., 1914. p. 65-73-
The constitution and functions of a library
committee vary somewhat in the different
countries of the British Isles, but generally
speaking the committee is appointed to super-
vise the administration of the library, to draw
up rules and regulations, to control expendi-
tures, and to fix salaries. Since the librarian
usually acts as clerk of the committee, every
ambitious assistant should understand how to
conduct and prepare for a committee meeting.
In the discussion of the subject given in
this article, the topic is divided into four sec-
tions: (i) Supplies necessary; (2) prepara-
tion for the meetings ; (3) conduct and pro-
cedure during meetings; (4) duties after
the meetings.
Under (i), various rubber stamps with
names of committees and sub-committees, and
numerous books for keeping the minutes,
records of attendance, requisitions, orders,
book lists, "agenda," donations, petty cash,
etc., are considered.
Under (2), the preparation of the notice
of the meeting and the business to be consid-
ered, are described in some detail. A sum-
marized statement of accounts, with neces-
sary explanatory notes of expenditures, must
be prepared, and also a brief report of the
library's work. Reviews and notices of books
to be considered should be available. If con-
tracts are to be made, the librarian must be
prepared to draw up specifications for the
materials required.
The third section, on the conduct of the
meeting, takes up in order the usual points
of business and explains the necessary pro-
cedure for each. In conclusion, directions
for writing the minutes and proceedings are
given. The minutes should be indexed, copy
prepared for the printer if they are issued
in printed form, and all correspondence dealt
with at the meeting should be attended to
promptly.
Education, Training, Library Schools
APPRENTICES
"Many librarians who have no assistants
might secure valuable help from high school
girls in a few hours' work each week," says
the Wisconsin Library Bulletin. "The libra-
rian can often interest a girl in library work
through an announcement at high school that
she wishes help certain afternoons in the
week. She can teach her apprentice to
charge and discharge books, register borrow-
486
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
{June, 1914
ers, arrange the shelves, mend books, and
many other details of routine work of the
library that take a great deal of time, and that
are comparatively simple when taught care-
fully. The apprentice receives the instruc-
tion and experience in return for her time,
and after she has mastered the work, may be
employed as a substitute or assistant with a
salary. In planning for apprentice help, it
is advisable to plan definite hours on certain
days each week, so that the apprentice may be
depended upon by the librarian, and her
work may be systematic."
Scope, Usefu'ness, Founding
Library in Relation to Schools
INSTRUCTION IN USE OF LIBRARY
Fifty students of East High School in Des
Moines, la., were given a demonstration
lesson on the use of library facilities recently
by Miss Gentiliska Winterrowd, director of
the reference department of the city library.
Following a general talk on the use of stand-
ard indexing systems and their application to
reference work, the students were conducted
about the card cases and shelves in groups,
with an assistant in charge of each group.
Each group was assigned a topic in connec-
tion with Mexico, from the first Spanish con-
quest to the events of to-day, and all were re-
quired to look up sufficient material for a
comprehensive paper on its topic. Similar
instruction will be provided individuals de-
siring it.
Library Extension Work
PHONOGRAPH CONCERTS
Here is the story of what one library is
doing to develop in the people of the com-
munity a taste for good music. It is told by
the librarian as follows:
"More than a year ago the library board
of Virginia, Minn., bought a graphophone
and 50 records. After a trial of 13 months,
the plan may be called a complete success as
it is as popular now as it was in the begin-
ning. The music in the "movies" was prac-
tically supplying the musical needs of a com-
munity of more than 15,000 people. The
board believed that a higher grade of music
would be appreciated and that musical taste
could be trained and the perfection of
mechanical music presented a solution.
"The first cost was $290, $00 of this amount
being spent for records. In choosing our
limit was 50 records, not a limited fund. The
collection is composed of selections from
grand opera principally, although we have a
variety which gives us opportunity of saving
the day from monotony.
"Each week a program of at least 14
numbers is made up. This program is dupli-
cated many times by means of the typewriter
and the audience is supplied. Two copies are
sent to the newspapers and are printed in
Saturday's papers. The concert hour is from
5 to 6 o'clock each Sunday afternoon and is
given on the main floor of the library in the
reading rooms.
"The audience averages 150, about 70 per
cent, being adult. Within the year more
than 7,000 people have attended the con-
certs. We have spent $290 and still have the
full value of our original investment. The
graphophone plays an important part in the
program of the four clubs which use the li-
brary club rooms. We also frequently use it
during the week near the closing hour by
playing one or two records and finishing with
Tqsti's "Good-by," sung by Melba or Alma
Gluck's "Home, Sweet Home." This is a
little more gracious way of saying good-night
to those who linger than by blinking the
lights."
LECTURES
According to the Library Occurrent, the
course of free lectures planned by the Indiana
Public Library Commission for the libraries
of the state has met with hearty patronage.
Thirty-five public libraries have responded
and arrangements have been made for more
than 100 lectures, most of which have been
or will be delivered in public library assembly
rooms. These lectures have helped to make
the library a social and intellectual center,
and in a great many instances the themes
have been followed up by wider reading on
the part of the patrons who have attended.
Library Development and Cooperation
STATE-WIDE SERVICE
Books in the St. Paul (Minn.) Public Li-
brary hereafter will be loaned to all citizens
of Minnesota and even to those of adjoining
states. Directors of the library have voted
so to extend the privileges of the institution,
the only city public library in the United
States to do this, according to Dr. William
Dawson Johnston, the librarian. Since the
establishment by the United States govern-
ment of the book post, by which books can
be mailed at a fraction of the former rates,
the library has received many requests for
books and information concerning books.
In the establishment of this service the fol-
lowing rules are to be observed:
June, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
.487
Books needed by citizens of St. Paul, par-
ticularly books published during the current
year, will not be lent.
Books are to be borrowed whenever pos-
sible through a local library. When this is
impossible, a deposit equal to the value of
the book borrowed will be required.
A fee of 5 cents shall be charged for each
book borrowed.
Books may be retained for one month sub-
ject to recall in case there is a local call for
the book.
Books will be sent by book post.
For bibliographical research a charge of
50 cents to $i an hour will be made.
RURAL LIBRARIES
The rural library problem. J. McKillop.
Lib. Assn. Rec., F., 1914. p. 48-56.
The urban areas in England are steadily
growing in number, and their inhabitants are
increasing their privileges. At the same time
the rural areas remain more or less station-
ary, almost stagnant. The only way to get
rid of these features is to consolidate the
local government -areas, and since the pro-
vision and administration of libraries is a
local government function, the writer sug-
gests the consolidation of the libraries of a
county as a first step in this direction.
The objections he anticipates are based on
finance, and he believes they can be adjusted.
Arguments in favor of the scheme are many.
One that should be of general appeal is the
economy of using to the best advantage the
abilities of the few who are gifted with ad-
ministrative capacity. It would also be an
advantage to divide the country into ten li-
brary districts in which adequate collections
tor the use of advanced students could be
more easily maintained than in single counties.
Duplicate copies of specially recommended
becks for use in connection with extension
courses could be more cheaply purchased for
these large centers. Furthermore, with the
enlarged possibilities of advancement such an
arrangement would provide, there will be
rrach greater incentive than at present for
young men to enter the profession.
Regarding the demand for more libraries
in the rural districts, the perpetual moan
that within three years children leaving school
lose the literary habits they were beginning
to form, is considered sufficient proof of the
need. In any system of organization either
the village church, school, post office, railway
station, or even the public house, can be used
as a distributing center for books and in-
formation. A highly paid local librarian
would be unnecessary if a suitable officer
supervised the district.
There has been no general inquiry into the
libraries of England since 1848, and the
writer believes the time is ripe for another,
believing that out of a survey of the whole
situation a practicable scheme, covering the
kingdom, ought to emerge.
Founding, Developing and Maintaining
. Interest
LIBRARY ADVERTISING
One of the conspicuous floats in the big
parade during celebration week in Bakers-
field, Cal., in April, was entered by the
Kern County Free Library with the inten-
tion to display some of the resources and pos-
sibilities of the county library. On the float
was a large map of Kern county showing the
location of the 28 branch libraries, with still
other places that may have branch libraries
if desired. In addition to the big float, the
county library made special effort during the
celebration week to have visitors from all
over the county come to -the library and
look at the books on the shelves. The library
also had a special exhibit at the board of
trade rooms.
PUBLICITY
The librarian of the Tacoma Public Library
is receiving hearty cooperation from the local
newspapers in developing a publicity policy,
and has run several articles relating to local
and national affairs and the material in the
library on these subjects. Some of the sub-
jects covered have been "Gardening," "Poul-
try," "Alaska" and "Cold storage plants."
The Chicago Public Library is running a
series of short articles in its Book Bulletin
on "How the library serves the public." The
first one, on "Agencies and activities," in the
January number, gives general information
of the purpose of the library, the number of
readers, and the number and character of the
various distributing agencies, and is accom-
panied by a chart showing the distribution of
the different branches and stations.
The second article is on "Industrial and
commercial deposits" and describes the ar-
rangement made by the library with firms
which operate deposit stations for their em-
ployes.
The firm supplies adequate quarters with
necessary equipment of shelving and furni-
ture, and employs a competent librarian to
issue the books drawn for home use by their
employes, and to aid the latter in such refef-
488
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[June, 1914
ence work as their interest in correspondence
school courses, and evening school courses
or courses of instruction financed by the firm,
may demand. For books not represented in
the deposit collection, choice may be made
of books in the central collection of the li-
brary, the firm providing the transportation
thereof by one of their wagons (usually a
daily call). The library selects and provides
the books, making exchanges at frequent in-
tervals to keep the collection up-to-date and
attractive, and supplies sets of printed find-
ing lists to enable selection of books supple-
mental to the local collection. An added
service is that of reference research at the
main library on questions of business informa-
tion and kindred topics.
The March article is on "Books and reading
for the blind," giving statistics for Chicago
covering library resources and the location
and availability of the books for home use,
and a brief statement on the different kinds
of type. April deals with the "Book needs
of the foreign born." The library has for
circulation books in seventeen different
languages, numbering 62,241 volumes.
"So great is the demand at some of the
branches, that the shelves set aside for for-
eign books are nearly always empty, volumes
being borrowed as fast as they are returned.
The library is preparing to add about 6,000
volumes in foreign languages during 1914,
but this supply will fall far short of the de-
mand. At the headquarters of the Woman's
Trade Union League, collections are on de-
posit, many of the young women who fre-
quent these quarters being wholly unable to
read English. Here, as elsewhere, the books
in foreign tongues have a liberal inclusion of
material on citizenship, naturalization, etc.,
and there are volumes dealing with the history
and customs of the United States. Books of
this character are eagerly read. The need
for the distribution of the foreign books
through the branch and other deposits is
shown by population maps. The most num-
erous are the Yiddish groups, while the
largest are the Bohemian, Polish and Italian
groups."
PRIZES
The trustees of the Dover (N. J.) Public
Library have offered prizes to high school stu-
dents for the best essays answering the ques-
tion, "In what way is the Dover Public Li-
brary of service to this community?" The
essay must show theoretically and practically,
(riving instances, what advantages are derived
from this library and what the difference to
the community would be if the library were
closed a year.
COOPERATION WITH SUNDAY SCHOOLS
In a recent talk on children's reading be-
fore the Mothers' Club of Manchester,
N. H., Miss F. Mabel Winchell, librarian
of the Public Library spoke on the improve-
ment which might be made in Sunday school
libraries by closer cooperation with public
libraries.
"In connection with the church is ;the Sun-
day school," she said, "which usually has a
library, sometimes good — often I fear of
questionable value. In times past the books
were of the very religious type which we are
apt to call the goody-goody sort. But of later
years the distinction between the kind of
books purchased for the Sunday school li-
brary and public library has disappeared. This
matter of putting the right sort of books
before children and not the wrong sort is
most important. I fear that often those in
.charge of the purchase of Sunday school
books have left it in the hands of the dealer.
I have already shown how the library co-
operates with the school. I believe it should
cooperate with the church and the way it
may be to do this is to loan books to the
Sunday school library to be loaned from there
as from day schools. In some places Sunday
schools have done away with libraries, de-
pending on books borrowed from the public
library which they distribute as they would
their own."
Government and Service
Executive. Librarian
QUALIFICATIONS FOR A LIBRARIAN
Of books and their keepers. E. L. Pearson.
N. J. Lib. 'Bull, Ap., 1914. p. 14-16.
Of the many ingenious plans invented for
improving the taste of library readers, a large
part are theoretical rather than practical, for
it seldom happens that a reader applies openly
and directly for help, and the most of such
help must be given very indirectly. Much is
done by the librarian in buying the books ;
much is done for her in the rising standard
of books published. Quite as many readers
to-day need to be guided down from the con-
templation of Eucken and Bergson and
Rabindranath Tagore to J. C. Snaith and
Kate Douglas Wiggin as require to be led
away from the trashy novels formerly "best
sellers."
AH the different kinds of librarians — col-
lege and public, and those in charge of spe-
June, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
489
cial and private book collections, catalogers
and bibliographers, reference librarians and
executives who have no time for books — may
be grouped in two main classes, those for
whom learning is the prime requisite, and
those for whom something else is of more
importance.
The first qualification of a librarian should
be a love of books for themselves, and the
pleasure they give, and not merely as tools
to aid in the collection of facts. In the sec-
ond place, "a librarian needs to know what
library work is, and what it is not. In spite
of much distinguished authority to the con-
trary, a librarian is not a kindergartner, a
social welfare worker (in the usual sense), a
reformer of spelling and punctuation, an agi-
tator for world-peace, a food-faddist, nor a
patron of each new 'universal' language. If
libraries are to help in the advancement of
learning, if they are to enrich human life and
further the spread of civilization, they will
be most effective while their administrators
maintain a sense of proportion. There is
plenty to do in the well-defined field of li-
brary work. It is broad enough, exacting
enough, to need all a librarian's knowledge,
and all his energy. He need not make his
library a mere tributary to the social settle-
ment, nor a competitor of the moving picture
show."
Staff
QUALIFICATIONS FOR LIBRARIANS
The need of "English" in the examinations.
I. Briggs. Lib. Asst., F., 1914. p. 30-36.
The writer feels that a large proportion of
the failures of candidates to pass the Library
Association examinations is due to a weak
control of English rather than a real lack of
information. Furthermore the "status of the
profession" (which seems to cause a great
deal of worry in England) is weakened by the
present frequent lack of education and ad-
dress among library assistants.
The average assistant looks upon rhetoric
as merely something upon which to exercise
his inclinations, as a pleasant diversion for
the dilettante or scholar, and fails to realize
that it is essential to his progress. The pos-
session of a gift of expression makes study
easier by enabling its owner to condense and
summarize easily what he reads. It also makes
possible the pleasure of comparative criticism,
which should be enjoyed by every person who
deals with books.
What makes the L. A. examinations some-
what anomalous is the fact that they are the
only professional examinations which do not
require certificates of rather advanced work
in English, and which do not include English
in the syllabus.
The situation at present seems to be, that
the status of the work is advancing more
rapidly than the status of the librarian, as is
proved by the growing importance attached
to the examinations. Like everything else,
they need constant revision, and English
should be added, either as a preliminary or
as part of the general syllabus. It would
help the student, add interest to every sub-
ject, and help librarianship.
The young man and library work. Wm.
Stetson Merrill. America, Ap. 18, 1914. p.
11-12.
The first of a series of vocational articles.
It is a brief, comprehensive statement of the
requirements and the opportunities of library
work as a career for a young man. In the
list of library schools given, that of Simmons
College in Boston and Western Reserve in
Cleveland are omitted, while Drexel (to be
discontinued after the close of the present
school year) and the Amherst Summer School
(discontinued in 1905), are included.
STAFF LUNCHEONS
The staff of the Somerville (Mass.) Pub-
lic Library have developed a scheme of co-
operative luncheons which most satisfactorily
abolishes the bringing of cold luncheons from
home. Some fourteen combinations of hot
soups and creamed dishes, salads and simple
desserts, costing on an average 15 cents,
have been worked out. The library furnishes
the gas and ice and for preparation of the
meal not over one hour's time of a younger
member of the staff whose work is of such a
secondary nature that the change of occupa-
tion during one hour does not reduce her
daily accomplishment; the cost of "clearing
up" by the janitress is included in the 15
cent charge.
Rules for Readers
Special Privileges
DUPLICATE PAY COLLECTIONS
The South Orange (N. J.) Library during
the past year supported, through its duplicate
pay collection, its entire new fiction collection
and this year promises to do as well. This
has left the regular book fund for the pur-
chase of non-fiction, children's books and the
replacement of standard fiction. During the
past year a series of lectures on books has
been most successful in stimulating the inter-
est in books other than current fiction.
-490
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[June, 1914
Administration
Treatment of Special Material
MAPS
The Westfield (N. J.) Public Library asked
the United States Geographic Survey for
topographic maps of Westfield and the near-
by country. These have been conspicuously
placed and their presence in the library ad-
vertised through the newspapers, with com-
ment on their value to those planning motor,
walking, or bicycle tours.
THEATRICAL MATERIAL
Interest in dramatic material as developed
in the study room for women in the Chicago
Public Library, has suggested keeping on file
there a portfolio of current comment on
theatrical and dramatic subjects. These are
extracted from various sources, including
articles by Gayton Hamilton, Norman Hap-
good, Percy Hammond, Mantle Burns, James
O'Donnell Bennett, Chas. H. Collins, Frederic
Hatton, and material from English sources
by and about Barrie, Galsworthy, Shaw and
Chesterton. The current bundle in the port-
folio includes the following articles : "The
peril of the repertory," by Cecil Chisholm.
From T. P.'s Weekly. "Silhouetting a scene."
Maude Adams' experiment with photography
in the theater. From the Boston Transcript.
"Chesterton's first play," by Bernard Lintot.
•"Shaw's technical method in the Shewing-up
of Blanco Posnet." From the American
Playwright. "Revival of the Tyranny of
tears," by Desmond MacCarthy in the New
Statesman.
Classification
CLASSIFICATION
Some problems of classification. F. W.
C. Pepper. Lib. Asst., F., 1914. p. 24-30.
A discussion of some of the most funda-
mental problems in the theory of classifica-
tion. Since the predominant demand is for
"books on a certain subject, subject classifica-
tion is generally adopted, which immediately
brings up the first problem — the question of
sequence. Many schemes of classification
have been devised, no one absolutely satis-
factory, and a combination of several seems
the only course to follow.
There is much difference of opinion con-
cerning the order of the main classes, but
this is of minor importance so long as rela-
tive classes are not separated. The method
of subdivision in bibliographical classification
differs according to the subject. First there
is the division from penus to species, in gen-
eral straightforward, but occasionally present-
ing difficulties. The next method is by
physical division, which consists of breaking
up a subject into its parts. This is the
method used for geographical divisions. The
next form is by periods or chronological sub-
division, especially useful for history. Finally
comes the "form" subdivision, indicating the
style of literary composition and the scope
or treatment of a book as applied to a sub-
ject. Antiquities and biography stand on a
different footing. Antiquities may be classed
with history, and biography the writer would
classify under the subjects associated with the
lives recorded.
Reference
PERIODICAL INDEXES
An index to periodicals wanted. T. W.
Lyster. Lib. Assn. Rec., F., 1914. p. 39-47.
The need is great for an English peri-
odical index covering, as Poole partially
did, the general magazines. Scientific peri-
odicals and transactions are usually well in-
dexed, but bound volumes of other peri-
odicals need much extra indexing before
their contents are available for reference
purposes.
The writer gives a concise history of
Poole's Index, with bibliography, and a sur-
vey of the various efforts made by other
publishing houses to supplement Poole. The
indexes now published in America are un-
satisfactory in their treatment of British
periodicals. Consequently three suggestions
are made for the consideration of British
librarians :
1. That the libraries cooperate in making
a card index.
2. That they support a good English pub-
lishing house which should index British
periodicals.
3. That they support strongly one of the
two best American annual indexes, if the pub-
lisher include more English periodicals, and
possibly a few of the best in French, German,
Italian and Spanish. /
Of the two methods suggested, cooperation
in work or cooperation in purchase, the
writer feels that in the long run the latter
would be the more enduring and that the best
central agency to handle the negotiations
would be the Council of the Library Associa-
tion.
Shelf Department
PHOTOSTAT
The New York Public Library is making
extensive use of the photostat for the repro-
duction of catalog cards for a shelf list. No
shelf list existing of the books in the refer-
June, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
491
ence department, the library began prepara-
tions for one in 1910 by printing an extra
card for every book cataloged. For books
cataloged before 1910, author cards in the
public catalog are now being reproduced by
means of the photostat at the rate of not
quite 2,000 a day. The sensitized card stock
used is made specially for this purpose, be-
ing practically as thick as regular card stock.
The cards are laid in a frame holding nine, a
negative — white on black — reproduction taken
therefrom, and the cards returned promptly
to the public catalog. At the end of the day
these sheets of nine cards are sent to the li-
brary printing office where they are cut and
punched in the same way as cards printed
from type.
Care of Building. Janitor Service
CLEANING BOOKS
In Manchester, N. H., where preparations
for moving are in progress, one of the extra
assistants is engaged in cleaning the books.
In describing the method a local newspaper
says, "An ingenious device is being utilized
in this part of the work. A box, framed
much like a dog house, is used. Its roof
and sides are composed of cloth which is
dampened so that, when a book is held out-
side [or inside?] and dusted, the dust is col-
lected and the book returned to its place with-
out the unpleasant feature of scattering dust
through the atmosphere to the discomfort of
readers and assistants and to the undoing of
•dusting previously done on other volumes."
Libraries on Special Subjects
ENGINEERING LIBRARIES
Value of a library in an engineering office.
Louise B. Krause. Engineering Rec., Ap. 25,
1914. p. 479-480.
This article is accompanied by an editorial
emphasizing the value of such a library to an
-engineer.
The article by Miss Krause, who is libra-
rian for H. M. Byllesby & Co., of Chicago,
is most practical, and although written
primarily for the engineer it contains many
points that are of value to any librarian.
Among the topics discussed are the methods
of building up an office library, in which she
states that too much emphasis cannot be
placed upon the opportunities of the success-
ful office library: namely, that all material
should be shelved in one place making it of
equal access to all members of the organiza-
tion. The next point urges the importance
of technical periodicals and indexes. The
importance of binding such periodicals instead
of clipping things that are likely to be of in-
terest is urged.
Regarding the disposal of pamphlets Miss
Krause has found it more advisable to place
all material on a subject on the shelves
rather than to file it in different places. The
vertical file, she states, is the best way to file
manuscript and typewritten data which can-
not be put on the shelves conveniently on
account of its form, but she preserves each
individual pamphlet in a binder, treating it
as a book. The great business of a librarian
in an engineering office is to coordinate the
information of all the departments, and to
that extent such a librarian is a walking
guide post and a living index for that par-
ticular organization.
General Libraries
State and Government
LEGISLATIVE REFERENCE BUREAUS
Legislative reference bureaus for political
parties. Donald R. Richberg. Spec. Libs.,
Mr., 1914. p. 38-42.
A statement of the differences between the
legislative reference bureau of a political party
and one doing state or municipal work. A
party bureau has three purposes, (i) To
aid in preparing the legislation proposed in
the party platform; (2) to promote education
of party voters, thereby solidifying party
support; (3) to assist in the intelligent choice
of measures to press and of methods of pro-
moting them. The information given
in this paper is based on the experiences of
the bureau established by the Progressive
party, of which the writer was librarian.
The direction of the work was in the hands
of a committee distinguished for their inter-
est in political principles rather than for
their anxiety for public office. In selection
of material the national party platform forms
the basis, to which are added separate state
platform topics and closely allied subjects.
Much material will have to be mimeographed
or printed for distribution. Bills must be
collected promptly and indexed, records of
votes, vetoes, etc., compiled and digests made.
A political bureau must be partisan to the
same honorable degree that a lawyer is sup-
posed to be, and requests for assistance or
advice concerning pending legislation require
that the answer shall express, even though it
492
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[June, 1914
fail to carry, conviction. Concerning the need
of a trained draftsman on the staff, the
writer considers it better to employ special
workers as occasions demand, thus securing
the services of experts in varied lines.
The bureau must be prepared to issue bul-
letins, newspaper statements, and all sorts of
leaflets for general distribution. The estab-
lishment of a national legislative bureau and
cooperating state organizations is a logical
means of bringing about the ultimate control
of principles in party counsels. If the party
bureau is operated on a human basis it will
consider the conflicting influences brought to
bear on the legislator and will seek to aid
him in the mechanical difficulties of his work,
at the same time helping to clarify the issues
involved.
Legislative reference work for a political
party should be financed from a party treas-
ury filled by small contributors in order that
it may be above all suspicion. Such a bureau
will be able to enlist the cooperation of men
and women of learning and authority.
Apart from its immediate practical uses,
there is in the work of the bureau a combina-
tion of law and politics and social science
that is creating a new profession, which
might be termed that of social counselor, and
which forms one of the large divisions into
which the profession of law is separating.
During the transition period between the
"almost purely parasitic lawyer of to-day"
and the social counselor of to-morrow, legis-
lative reference bureaus may serve as post-
graduate schools in which young lawyers may
be brought in touch with the needs of their
generation in the way of jurisprudence.
For Special Classes
HOSPITAL LIBRARIES
A patients' library is being founded for the
City Hospital of Youngstown, O., by Mrs.
Fred M. Orr, who is gathering books and
cataloging them for this purpose. A room
in the hospital is available, as well as book
cases, and competent supervision will be pro-
vided in order to keep the list in order.
Friends of the hospital and others benevo-
lently inclined are being asked to donate
books which they do not need for their own
library, or others they desire to give simply
for the pleasure they will afford persons who
are ill.
Typewritten lists of the books and their
authors will be kept. When a patient is able
to read, he will be shown the list and be per-
mitted to choose his own reading matter. If
a volume is duplicated, the extra volume will
be placed in the library of the nurses' home.
The hospital is constantly caring for per-
sons who have no friends to supply them with
reading matter and it was chiefly for their
•benefit the patients' library was conceived.
Such a library is an adjunct of several of
the best equipped hospitals in the east and it
is eagerly applied to by all the patients.
Literary Methods and Appliances
Library Appliances
EQUIPMENT
The private library. H. T. Bottomley.
Brickbuilder, Ap., 1914. p. 75-8o.
An interesting article discussing particularly
the equipment of private libraries from the
ancient Romans down to the present day.
Twelve illustrations are given. Some of the
points mentioned by the author are applicable
to public libraries. These libraries are con-
sidered from two points of view: namely, de-
sign and comfort, to the end that the library
should be a room where repose, simplicity and
quiet are found, and where all the parts are
beautiful.
THE LIBRARIAN'S MOTHER GOOSE
Yl. LOAN DESK.
Little loan clerk, come blow your horn.
Call out your wares both night and morn.
—Rente B. Stern.
June, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
493
Btblto0rapbicai IRotes
A bibliography of municipal government is
now in preparation by William Bennett Munro,
professor of municipal government in Har-
vard University. It will be issued by the
Harvard University Press.
A handy little pocket reference book of
68 pages, revised up to 1914, is called "Five
thousand facts about Canada," compiled by
Frank Yeigh. It is published by the Canadian
Facts Publishing Company of Toronto.
A revised edition of "The working of the
Boston Public Library," by J. H. Benton,
president of the board of trustees, has just
;en issued. In this edition the statistics have
:en brought up to date and the text revised.
The London Library has issued the second
)lume of its author catalog, compiled by C.
'. Hagberg Wright and C. J. Purnell. The
jneral plan and arrangement of the British
[useum catalog has. been taken as a guide,
id the result is a scholarly and at the same
time skilfully condensed catalog.
The Free Public Library of Newark, N. J.,
las recently issued a new edition of a pam-
)hlet called "Reading for pleasure and profit."
The list has grown out of actual experience
suggesting books to young people, and is
list of the books which young people of
ligh school age have found attractive. The
list is divided into eight parts to suit the vary-
ages of the readers, each part being sub-
livided again into the three classes, Fiction,
Non-fiction and Poetry.
"The book of British topography," by Mr.
J. P. Anderson, first published in 1880, con-
tained a list of some 14,000 titles of books in
the British Museum on the local history and
topography of the United Kingdom. During
the last thirty years the British Museum has
acquired so many old and new books on these
subjects that the new edition of the work to
be published by subscription by Messrs. Graf-
ton & Co., now contains 29,000 entries.
A 12-page pamphlet has been issued by the
Schenectady (N. Y.) Public Library, giving
a list of cheap English books suitable for
the small American library. Books are
chosen for examples that are not likely to be
in a small collection, and very few are listed
that cost over 50 cents.
A bibliography and reference library per-
taining to Denmark will be published by the
Danish -American Association for free dis-
tribution among public libraries and news-
papers of the United States, under a resolu-
tion passed at the annual meeting of the
organization in Chicago in April. C. A. Quist,
of Minneapolis, is the new president of the
association.
A list of foreign periodicals of moderate
cost, compiled by Miss J. Maud Campbell,
director of the work with foreigners for the
Massachusetts Library Commission, is pub-
lished in the March-May number of the
Massachusetts Club Bulletin.
The Minneapolis Daily News has several
hundred copies of its issue of Aug. 5, contain-
ing full text of a proposed city charter for
Minneapolis, which it would be glad to dis-
tribute to applicants upon receipt of postage.
The United States Bureau of Labor Sta-
tistics issues in monthly installments in type-
written form references to recent magazine
articles relating to labor in all its different
phases, the titles being selected from some
800 magazines and weekly papers of this and
foreign countries. This necessarily includes
many periodicals not indexed in the Readers'
Guide.
The January number of Special Libraries
contains a tabulation of municipal ordinances
and documents prepared by Frank G. Bates
of Indiana University and the Indiana Bu-
reau of Legislative Information, which is
intended as a tentative statement of the
present status of publication and distribution
of municipal documents in cities of the
United States of more than 25,000 inhabi-
tants.
The Public Library of Multnomah county,
in Portland, Ore., has recently issued a very
attractive brochure descriptive of its new cen-
tral building. Besides a description of the
construction and appearance of the building,
the program of the opening exercises on Sept.
6 is printed in full. There are full-page pic-
tures of exterior and interior views, and many
small illustrations scattered through the text
illustrative of details in the carving and other
decorations.
A piece of bibliographical work of consid-
erable value and magnitude was begun re-
cently in the Philippine Library. Sr. Manuel
Artigas, curator of the Filipiniana division, is
indexing all the important articles, portraits,
and biographies in the bound volumes of Phil-
ippine periodicals belonging to the library. Al-
494
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[June, 191,
ready he has finished La Solidaridad, the
paper that has become famous because of
Rizal's connection with it; La Ilustracion
Filipino, La Espaiia Oriental, and two volumes
of La Oceania Espanola. The work has been
rendered necessary because of the many re-
quests for information on many topics by
students of the University of the Philippines
and others.
One more evidence that American library
methods are being rapidly adopted in Eu-
ropean libraries is evidenced by the recent
publication of a list of Norwegian subject
headings under the title of "Norske realord,"
modeled closely after the A. L. A. "List of
subject headings." The Norwegian list is not
a translation of the latter, however, for the
A. L. A. list was found impossible to transfer
into a language and atmosphere as different as
that of Norway. The work was prepared by
Victor Smith, librarian of the Griinerlokken
branch, Deichmanske bibliotek, Christiania,
who is a graduate of the New York State Li-
brary School in the class of 1912. Nearly two
years were spent by Mr. Smith and his assist-
ant in working out the present list from cyclo-
pedias, library catalogs, indexes, classed bibli-
ographies, etc., and though apparently of
modest dimensions, filling only 97 pages, it is
more than twice as big as the old A. L. A. list.
It is proposed to compile and publish a
complete subject index to the two great
French bibliographies of Querard, "La France
litteraire" and "La litterature frangaise con-
temporaine" 196 siecle. These two works in-
clude the vast mass of French books pub-
lished between 1700 and 1840, but are ar-
ranged only by author's names. A subject
index will render available the vast stores
of books on every conceivable subject, which
up to now have been hidden by the want of
such a clue. The eighteenth century in France
was a wonderful period, full of invention,
philosophy and development in every possible
direction, and the literature reflects the life
of the people. The work will be produced
under the editorship of Mr. R. A. Peddie
and Mr. Q. Waddington, and is estimated to
form three volumes of about 1000 pages each.
The method of indexing will be that
adopted by Lorenz in the "Table des matieres"
of his "Catalogue generate de la librairie
franchise." The index will be in French and
the volumes will range with the set of Quer-
ard's works. The work is to be published
by Grafton & Co. of London, and the price
for subscribers before publication will be £12
net. It will be impossible to carry ou
this work unless the names of sufficien
subscribers are received beforehand. It i
therefore hoped that librarians and others in
terested will apply for subscription forms an<
further particulars which can be obtaine<
from the publishers. The three volumes wil
be published at intervals of some months, an<
it can be arranged that payment can be mad*
for each volume as published.
RECENT BIBLIOGRAPHIES
FOR SPECIAL CLASSES
CHILDREN
First aid list of children's books (204 titles)
Prepared by the State Normal School Library a
Cheney, Washington, April, 1913. 12 p.
GIRLS
Power, Effie L., comp. List of books for olde
girls. (In Bull, of the St. Louis P. L., Ap., 1914
P. 9I-95-)
SUBJECT BIBLIOGRAPHIES
AMERICANA
American library of the late Prof. J. H. Ale*
ander, of Baltimore. . . . [Catalog.] New York
Anderson Auction Co. 83 p. (883 items.)
Catalogue of an interesting collection of Amei
icana . . . and of Irish history, literature, etc
New York, Merwin Sales Co. 76 p. (997 items.
Catalogue of the valuable private library of . .
Hon. John H. Stiness, Providence, R. L, togethe
with duplicates from the Library of the Rhod
Island Historical Society, including rare Ameri
cana, Rhode Island history, etc. Boston, C. F
Libbie & Co. 118 p. (1279 items.)
BiNET-SlMON TEST
Strong, Alice C. Three hundred fifty white an<
colored children measured by the Binet-Simoi
measuring scale of intelligence; a cotnparativ
study. (In Pedagogical Seminary, D., 1913. bib!
p. 512-515-)
BRAZIL
Castro e Almeida, Eduardo de. Inventario do
documentos relatives ao Brasil existentes no Archiy
de Marinha e Ultramar. Organisado para a Bit
lioteca Nacional do Rio de Janeiro por E. de C.
A. i Bahia, 1613-1762. (In Brazil. Bibliotec
Nacional. Annaes. v. 31, 1909. Rio de Janeiro
Bib. Nac., 1913. 8°. p. 1-653.)
Compiler, as First Conservador of the Bibliotec
Nacional of Lisbon and director of the Archive d
Marinha e Ultramar, undertook this work for th
Biblioteca Nacional of Rio de Janeiro. It isi exhaus
tive and monumental, including transcripts of man;
of the more important documents. The present sec
tion alone contains 6022 items. Names and subject
are indexed in minute detail.
CHILD PSYCHOLOGY
Mead, Cyrus D. The age of walking and tall
ing in relation to general intelligence. (In Pedc
gogical Seminary, D., 1913. bibl. p. 483-484.)
CHILD STUDY
Wilson, Louis N. Representative books in chil'
study. Worcester, Mass, u p. (Publ. of Clar
University Library, vol. 3, no. 6.)
CHURCH AND SOCIAL SERVICE
Mathews, Shailer, comp. The social mission o
the church. Special reading list, no. 17. (I
Bull, of the Gen. Theol. L., Ap., 1914. p. 13-15.
ClTY MANAGER
The city manager plan of municipal governmenl
Nat. Short Ballot Organization, 1913. bibl. p. 35
Reprint from Beard's "Loose-leaf digest of shoi
ballot charters."
June, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
495
CITY PLANNING
Walker, Ella K., comp. City planning; bibliog-
raphy of material in the University of California
and Oakland and Berkeley Public Libraries. (In
Berkeley Civic Bull,, Mr. 14, 1914. vol. n., no. 8.
p. 117-152.)
CORPORATIONS, FEDERAL CONTROL OF
Meyer, Hermann H. B., comp. List of refer-
ences on federal control of commerce and corpora-
tions; special aspects and applications. Part u.
Wash., D. C., Gov. Pr. Off. 104 P- 15 c.
DRAMA
Lower, Henry Eastman, and Milne, George Heron.
The dramatic books and plays (in English) pub-
lished during 1913. The Boston Book Co. 37 p.
50 c. sp. n.
EDUCATION
Teaching material in government publications.
Wash., D. C., Bur. of Educ., 1913. 61 p. (Bull.,
1913, no. 47; whole no. 558.)
EIGHT-HOUR DAY
The eight-hour working day — select list of ref-
erences to material in the California State Library.
(In News Notes of Cal, Libs., Ja., 1914. p. 6-n.)
EUGENICS
Hamilton, A. E. Eugenics. (In Pedagogical
Seminary, Mr., 1914. xxi:28-6i.)
This article contains a selected bibliography of 100
titles.
HISTORY, AMERICAN
Source books on American history. New York,
Lalhrop C. Harper, [437 Fifth ave.] 219 p. (2484
items.)
HOME ECONOMICS
Bibliography of home economics. (In Journal
of Efficiency Soc., Je., 1913. p. 18-19.)
HYGIENE, MENTAL
Mullan, E. H. Mental hygiene. (In U. S.
Public Health Rpts., Ja. 23, 1914. bibl. p. 179.)
INFANT MORTALITY
Schereschewsky, J. W. Heat and infant mor-
tality. (In U. S. Public Health Rpts., Dec. 5,
1913. 3 p. bibl.)
JUDGES, RECALL OF
The recall of judges. Univ. of Kansas, Exten-
sion Div. bibl. p. 48-50. (Bull. no. 3, vol. 15;
political science series, no. 2.)
LANGUAGE — PSYCHOLOGY
Sechrist, Frank K. The psychology of uncon-
ventional language. (In Pedagogical Seminary, D.,
1013- bibl. p. 458-459.)
JISLATURES
Meyer, H. H. B. List of references on one
chamber and two chamber legislatures. (In Spec.
Libs., Mr.. 1914. p. 42-46.)
COLN, ABRAHAM
Library of the late Major Wrn. H. Lambert.
Part iv. Lincolniana; second section. New York,
Metropolitan Art Assn. 132 p. (1342 items.)
lUNTCIPAL ACCOUNTING
Banks, Mary. Municipal accounting. (In Nat.
Municipal Rev., Ap., 1914. p. 449-453.)
MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT
_ Wright, Joseph. Bibliographies relating to mu-
nicipal government. (In ./Vert. Municipal Rev., Ap.,
1914- P. 430-449-)
NEW ENGLAND
Catalogue of rare books from ... a Rhode
Island collector [including many books relating to
New England]. Boston, C. F. Libbie & Co. 139 p.
(1653 items.)
NORWICH, ENGLAND
_ Stephen, Geo. A. Guide to the study of Nor-
wich; a select bibliography of the principal books,
pamphlets, and articles on Norwich in the Norwich
Public Library. Norwich, Public Library Committee.
22 p. id.
NUMISMATICS
List of works in the New York Public Library
relating to numismatics. Part in. (In Bull, of
the N. Y. P. L., F., 1914. p. 149-175.)
POLITICAL ECONOMY
Bibliotheca Oeconomica; or, A catalogue of books
and pamphlets relating to political economy . . .
published since the year 1800. London, W. C.,
Henry Stevens, Son & Stiles. 32 p. (692 items.)
PORTS AND HARBORS
Fowler, C. E. Seaport studies. (In Univ. [of
Washington] Extension Journal, Jan., 1914. p. 19-
25-)
PROSTITUTION
Second report on the red plague. In Trans, of
Commonwealth Club of Cal., Ag., 1913. vol. 8, no.-
7. bibl. p. 413-414.)
Selected list of booksi on the social evil. New
York, Amer. Vigilance Assn., 156 Fifth ave.* gratis.
PUBLIC UTILITY
Morton, F. N., comp. Public utility references.
(In Spec. Libs., F., 1914. p. 32-35.)
RURAL SCHOOL SUPERVISION
Wolcott, J. D. Bibliography on rural school
supervision. (In Nat. Soc. for Study of Educ.,-
Yearbook for 1913. Pt. 2. bibl. p. 111-114.)
SCANDINAVIAN PEOPLE
Scandinavian people of Europe. (In New Of~
leans P. L. Quar. Bull., O.-D., 1913. p. 114-116.)
SCHOOL GARDENS
Brief school garden bibliography. (In Proc. of
Nat. Educ. Assn., July, 1912. p. 13-15.)
SCHOOL HYGIENE
Hoag, E. B. Organized health work in schools,
with an account of a campaign for school hygiene'
in Minnesota. Wash., D. C., Bur. of Educ., 1913.
(Bull., 1913, no. 44, whole no. 555. bibl. p. 52-55.)
SCOTLAND
List of works in the New York Public Library
relating to Scotland. Part n. (In Bull, of the
N. Y. P. L.. F., 1914. p. 109-148.)
TEUTONIC PEOPLE
Teutonic people of Europe. (In New Orleans
P. L. Quar. Bull., O.-D., 1913. p. 121-127.)
UNITED STATES
A remarkable collection of excerpts, . . . mounted
cuttings from early American newspapers, reports,
etc., on Arizona territory, New Mexico . . . the
Mormons, Cuba, Mexico, etc.; collected by Dr. Ed-
ward Palmer, U. S. A. ... Merwin Sales Co.
24 p. (No. 549 — 1914-)
UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI
Check list of the official serial publications of the
University. Columbia, Mo. 44 p. (Univ. of Mo.
bull., vol. 15, no. 2. Library series 6.)
VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE
Choosing an occupation — special reading list. (In
Bull, of the Salem [Mass.] P. L., Ap., 1914., p.
123-124.)
Ibumors anfc Blunders
"TESS" AGAIN!
The following conversation was overheard
at the charging desk in a New England li-
brary :
Elderly borrower to youngest assistant: "Is
Tess in?"
Youngest assistant: "Tess who?"
E. B.: "Why, Tess!"
Y. A.: "Tess?"
E. B. (witheringly) : "Yes, Tess of the
vaudevilles; are you sure you understand
now?"
496
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[June, 1914
LIBRARY CHILDREN
Library work for children has done and is
doing good service. But of late years the
work for children everywhere has undoubtedly
fallen a little into discredit, even amongst li-
brarians. Its mission and its methods have
been questioned. Something about it has led
to an overstrained view of its importance and
its results. A tendency to sentimentalize has
been noticeable amongst its advocates. The
average man, detecting a mawkish note in the
thing, is apt to turn away, regardless of the
fact that there is a solid foundation beneath
the buncombe.
The idea that all the good little boys and
girls are reading in the libraries, and all the
bad little boys and girls are outside, is sug-
gestive of the methods of moral instruction
used by the French missionaries amongst the
Iroquois. Some of them carried two paint-
ings. One represented the soul of the con-
verted Indian, basking happily on the fleecy
clouds of Paradise. The other— the bad, non-
Christian Indian — was being prodded by imps
into a sulphurous pit. The same method might
be employed in some of the children's libraries,
making use of two gems (slightly altered)
from "Patience."
Gentle Jane was the sweetest creature;
She simply worshipped the library teacher,
Followed the plans that one devised
And took her reading sterilized;
Kschewcd the works of Mrs. Glyn,
Was full of "uplift," brow to chin.
She never att; candy, cake nor tarts,
Nor tipped old ladies' apple carts.
She spent no coin for gum nor pickles.
Nor blew on the "movies" dimes and nickels.
When others had safely gone to bed,
Jane went to "Parsifal" instead!
And when she grew up, with a haughty air,
She married a Pittsburgh millionaire 1
But mark how relentless fate swooped down
on Tom, who refused to eat out of the library
teacher's hand :
Teasing Tom wns a boy so tough,
He was "simply horrid" and "awful rough"!
He said "Skidoo!" ard things like that;
He threatened Jane with a baseball bat.
He read "Huck Finn," "Tom Sawyer" too;
Kept out of the "Mothers' Helpers crew;
He d sneak away when the lady 'd read
From the beautiful Nibelungenlied.
Sin so black in his soul did lurk
He didn't like clay nor basket-work.
But fate o'ertook him, sure but slow,
When he went to a Cubist picture show I
TOO WELL ADVERTISED
Lady (who has come late to the library
lecture, and is unable to find a seat) : "Dis-
graceful! They ought not to be allowed to
advertise them so much!" — Courrs, "Library
jokes and jottings."
Communications
REVISED EDITIONS
April 29, 1914.
Editor of Library Journal:
As I examined volume 3 of Intercollegiate
Debates, edited by E. R. Nichols, (Hinds,
Noble and Eldredge, 1913) I could not re-
strain that eternal question — when will the
publishers give us fair treatment in the matter
of new or revised editions? This volume is
nothing less than an abridgment of volume 2
with some new material in the appendix. It
contains seven of the fourteen debates in-
cluded in the second volume with no evident
amplification or revision. The title-page
states that it is a "revised edition," but the
statement can apply only to the preface, in-
troduction and appendices. In fact, for the
text the old plates from volume 2 were appar-
ently used without change. Even though it
were a revised edition of volume 2, why
should it be numbered volume 3 of the set?
In order to make the book especially attractive
and to coerce the buyer, an index to the three
volumes is included.
Now, the purchaser of a book such as this
pretends to be is interested chiefly in the de-
bates and their bibliographies. Supplementary
material is of little importance. The average
librarian cannot afford to, nor does he want
to pay $1.50 for a few pages containing
statistics on the number of times various
questions have been debated and similar in-
formation.
Probably a meek protest will have no effect
on such business methods, but I believe it is
wise to let the publishers know that we are
at least aware that we have been bunkoed
and to warn prospective buyers from the
same fate.
Very truly yours,
C. E. SHERMAN.
Assistant Librarian, Amherst College Library.
Galenfcar
June 15-20. California State Library Asso-
ciation, San Diego, Hotel del Coronado.
July 28-31. Wisconsin and Michigan Library
Associations, joint meeting, at Marinette,
Wis., and Menominee, Mich.
Aug. 3 1 -Sept. 4. Library Association (Eng-
lish). Annual meeting, Oxford.
KILLER C. WELLMAN
President of the American Library Association, 1014-15, Librarian of the City Library
i.iorary Association, 1014-15, Lib
Association, Springfield, Mass.
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
VOL. 39
JULY, 1914
No. 7
WASHINGTON gave the A. L. A. confer-
ence a warm welcome, which closely ap-
proached the loo-degree mark at Montreal
in 1912, and the attendance exceeded the
laximum, making 1914 the banner year,
nth a roster exceeding twelve hundred,
'he conference especially illustrated the
nationalizing tendency of such organiza-
tions as the American Library Association,
for it brought together representatives
from all parts of the United States, besides
others from several of the provinces of
Canada, many of whom visited our national
capital for the first time, and these repre-
sentatives came into direct touch with gov-
ernment officials having jurisdiction over
legislation and over administrative work in
all the departments which have touch with
libraries, as could not be done elsewhere.
Dr. Putnam's address of welcome empha-
sized this feeling, and he renewed the sug-
gestion often made that a conference at
Washington should be a feature of regular
recurrence at least every ten years. It was
a surprise to most to know that in and about
Washington there are no less than 137 libra-
ries, public or semi-public, approximating
six million volumes, of many of which Mr.
Meyer gave lantern illustrations in his talk,
reprinted in this number, in addition to the
full report made in the admirable little
handbook which he prepared for the Asso-
ciation. The arrangements for the confer-
ence were perfect, thanks both to the local
library people and to Secretary Utley's
executive skill, and the guides to works of
art in and about Washington, for little
journeys about Washington, etc., were re-
markable examples of multum in parvo.
Much of the success was due to the efforts
of Mr. George F. Bowerman, of the Public
Library of the District of Columbia, whose
name emerged whenever any of the local
arrangements were spoken of. Nine hun-
dred were alphabeted and given con-
secutive numbers in the advance regis-
ter of attendance, so that it was easy to
identify members from their buttons, and,
except for the extreme heat, everything
went well at the Washington conference.
President Anderson, instead of attempt-
ing a general review of the library situa-
tion, devoted his presidential address to the
special topic of the "Tax on ideas" through
the tariff on books, in an exhaustive, well-
worked, and effective argument. He cited
the fact that almost no other nation of
literary standing had such a tax, and
showed that the present reduced duty of
15 per cent, was 50 per cent, higher than
the highest tax before the Civil War. He
made a strong plea that the American Li-
brary Association should make itself the
mouthpiece of the public in protesting
against this tax, which it could do the more
effectively because libraries already have
the right of free importation. The com-
plexities and red tape required in connec-
tion with free importation would, however,
be swept away if the tariff tax were alto-
gether abolished, and this would be of very
practical advantage to libraries. Authors,
it may be added, are almost unanimously
in favor of this change, as artists are in
favor of "free art," and book publishers are,
in large measure, hesitant only because the
materials of book production are taxed at
so high a rate as to make an offset duty
of some importance. The hearty response
in individual talk to President Anderson's
suggestion makes it almost certain that the
A. L. A. will assume leadership in this,
direction.
The most novel feature of the confer-
ence was the exhibit of library devices at the
Public Library, for which Mr. C. Seymour
Thompson, assistant librarian, made most
of the practical arrangements. This was
498
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[July, 1914
quite different in scope, quantity and quality,
from the incidental exhibits of previous
conferences; and it was made of perma-
nent value by the excellent catalog which
Mr. Thompson had caused to be prepared.
Few librarians have had any adequate no-
tion of the great number of labor-saving
devices prepared for library use or prac-
ticable for library application, and this ex-
hibition opened very many keen eyes to
good purpose. From the point of view of
the manufacturers, the exhibition was com-
mercial in motive, and we may frankly
express the hope that librarians adopting
any of these devices or making purchases
from this material will emphasize the value
of this exhibit, so that it may be repeated
hereafter as opportunity may arise. We
may add that there has been under plan
at this office for some time past a composite
catalog, in the nature of the Publishers'
Trade List Annual, of manufacturers' pro-
ductions in filing, indexing, and library sup-
plies, which should be of special value to
librarians with respect to supplies, as the
composite catalog of book publishers is
in respect to books.
One of the most important subjects at
the meeting of the trustees' section in
Washington, which was the best meeting the
section has held, was the relation of libra-
ries to civil service examinations and
methods. Mr. Jennings, who has had hard
experience in Seattle, reported as the gen-
eral feeling of libraries that they were hin-
dered rather than helped by civil service ex-
aminations conducted by state or municipal
boards. This almost goes without saying,
and yet this is not reason why libraries
should be freed from co-ordination with
the official boards, which in turn should
take the sensible course of permitting the
library, under proper safeguard, to make
its own examinations and rules, subject to
official approval. Without this precaution
there will be an inevitable tendency to re-
turn to the old methods of patronage and
"push," the horrors of which are little
known to the present generation. It is
unfortunate that the laws in several states
and cities require preference for local can-
didates. Local candidates will be preferred,
naturally enough, when they are on equal
terms with candidates from outside; but
nothing should stand in the way of accept-
ing the best service from whatever source
it is procurable. This is especially neces-
sary in the higher posts if the library pro-
fession is to be made a profession. There
should, therefore, always be protests against
the inclusion of a provision for local pref-
erence in any law, beyond a proviso that in
case of equal rank the local candidate shall
be. preferred — which latter is most sensible
and safe.
The value of the Washington conference
was largely in promoting the co-ordination
of the several agencies — federal, state, and
others — dealing with library extension, es-
pecially in rural communities. The agri-
cultural section held meetings unusual both
for attendance and interest, and one of the
facts brought out was that the Department
of Agriculture has in the field more than a
thousand "county agents," who, with the
field agents of the Bureau of Education,
are the best possible people to interest rural
communities in library help. Prof. Work-
ing's address developed the fact that few
of these county agents had come in touch
with rural libraries, and little was known
by the Department of Agriculture of the
work of the state library commissions or
of the book lists prepared by libraries for
farming communities. The Council passed
a resolution which looked towards bringing
these several agencies together, and there
is good reason to hope that the "hind-
sight" of future years will show the Wash-
ington conference to have been the starting
point of a wide extension of the work in
rural communities, whose possibilities have-
hitherto been altogether underestimated.
"A long pull, a strong pull and a pull all to-
gether," may prove to be the direct out-
come of the Washington conference.
THE TAX ON IDEAS*
ADDRESS BY EDWIN H. ANDERSON, President of the American Library Association and
Director of the New York Public Library
I
RUSSIA and the United States are the
only powers of the first class which im-
pose a duty on books published beyond
their borders. Great Britain, France,
Germany, Austria, Holland, Belgium,
Japan, the South African Union, Argen-
tina, Australia and New Zealand impose
no such duties. But Spain, Portugal, Italy,
Brazil, and some minor countries of the
two hemispheres, with Russia and our own
country, pursue a less enlightened policy.
With the exception of Portugal, the tariff
barriers of the countries last named are
erected solely or chiefly against foreign
books printed in the language of the coun-
try concerned — in Spain, for example,
against the importation of Spanish books,
in Russia against Russian books, and in
the United States against the importation
of books in the English language. For a
nation whose people pride themselves on
being advanced and progressive, are we not
in strange company?
Though our libraries have the privilege
of importing foreign books free of duty,
it is proper for us to consider the rights
and needs of the general public. The pri-
vate buyer, the general reader, has no or-
ganization to look after his interests in the
matter, and no lobby to present his claims
to the proper committees in Congress. Be-
fore these committees have appeared
printers, bookbinders, booksellers and pub-
lishers— all with very natural selfish in-
terests to serve — but the general public has
been practically unrepresented. The libra-
ries have appeared only now and then,
when their privileges have been threatened.
Has not the time come when this Associa-
tion should espouse the cause of the stu-
dent, the teacher, the scientific investigator,
and the general reader of the world's liter-
ature? It is our business to promote the
cultural process, as far as we may, through
the wide dissemination of books — not Amer-
•Delivered at the first general session of the Amer-
ican Library Association at Washington, May 25, 1914.
ican books alone, but books from every
quarter of the globe. They have been truly
called "the raw materials of every kind of
science and art, and of all social improve-
ment." Our libraries have accomplished
little when they have imported only
samples of this raw material. The samples
serve the needs of only a small proportion
of the reading public, especially in our
great centers of population. To the greater
part of the reading public these samples
are merely tantalizing, and whet their ap-
petites for what they cannot afford to buy
for themselves. The interests of the li-
braries and of the reading public are iden-
tical. For both there should be a free
market. For both, an enlightened public
policy should provide that the world's
books be available at as low a price and
with as few hampering restrictions as pos-
sible.
There is nothing new in this contention.
It is not even the first time that an humble
librarian has espoused the cause of the
general public on the question of the free
importation of books. As long ago as 1846,
Charles C. Jewett, at that time librarian
of Brown University, afterward president
of the first convention of librarians, held
in 1853, later librarian of the Smithsonian
Institution, and still later first librarian of
the Boston Public Library, printed a pamph-
let entitled "Facts and considerations rel-
ative to duties on books, addressed to the
Library Committee of Brown University."
He maintained that "imperative reasons
exist for placing books among articles free
from all duty." He then proceeded to give
some of those reasons, as follows: "We
recognize the importance of education; but
students cannot be educated without books,
and many of the books needed are not, a^d
cannot be produced in this country. We
recognize, too, the importance of what are
commonly termed the learned professions ;
but the members of these professions de-
pend mainly upon foreign books. It is nee-
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[July, 1914
essary that we should have accomplished
architects for the erection of our public
and private edifices, and skilful engineers
for conducting our works of internal im-
provement; but these men must get their
knowledge mainly from foreign books. If
they are restricted to American books, they
will be continually led into errors, which
would injure us in our reputation, and
diminish the value of our investments....
If we prohibit or render dearer the books
which these men need, we do an incalculable
injury to the whole community. If to gain
a revenue of thirty thousand dollars, we
deprive a Fulton of the very book that
would suggest to him the new application of
some scientific principle, destined to change
the whole face of society, and increase in-
calculably our wealth, is it a wise policy
which \ve pursue ?"
In the same year that Jewett printed his
little pamphlet, 1846, the duty on all im-
ported books was fixed by law at 10 per
cent, ad valorem. Previous to that time
the duties ranged from 4 to 5 cents a vol-
ume, or from 10 to 30 cents a pound, de-
pending on language, date of publication,
whether bound or unbound, etc. The first
duty on books was levied by the tariff act
of 1824. The act of 1842 increased the
duties slightly, while that of 1846 simplified
matters very much by levying a flat duty
of 10 per cent, ad valorem, as stated above.
This was amended in 1857 to allow institu-
tions of learning to import books free of
duty. With this exception the law of 1846,
providing a duty of 10 per cent, ad valorem,
remained in force till 1862 when the duty
was increased to 20 per cent. In 1864 it
was further increased to 25 per cent., where
it remained, as far as books in the English
language are concerned, till the act of 1913.
It is important to note that the duty was
first doubled and then further increased
during our Civil War. It was essentially
a war tax, and doubtless justified by the
circumstances. But it has taken 50 years
to lower the duty from the war tax level.
And this was accomplished only last year,
when the duty was reduced to 15 per cent,
ad valorem— still 50 per cent, higher than
before the war. Here, as elsewhere, vested
interests have played their familiar role of
postponing justice. We should be thankful
that the last Congress made a substantial
reduction in book duties, but we shall tut
rank with the more enlightened nations of
the world till such duties are entirely
abolished.
The McKinley tariff act of 1890 placed
books in foreign languages on the free list.
This provision was retained in the Wilson
act of 1894, in the Dingley act of 1897, an<*
in the Payne-Aldrich act of 1909. It was also
retained in the Underwood act of 1913, as
it left the House of Representatives. But
in the Senate an attempt was made to im-
pose a duty on books in foreign languages
when they were less than twenty years old
and in bindings less than twenty years old.
The principal libraries in this country sent
protests to the Senate committee ; and these,
with other protests, and, by no means least
in its influence, the mere expression by the
President of the United States of his sur-
prise at such an attempt, were sufficient to
defeat it. So the act of 1913 retains books
in foreign languages on the free list. The
privilege of free importation of such books
by libraries was not withdrawn by the pro-
posed Senate amendment; but its adoption
would have seriously hampered us in the
acquisition of books in foreign languages.
It would have put a stop to our receiving
such books on approval from the American
importer, and required us to make our se-
lections for purchase almost entirely from
catalogs and publishers' lists. The reve-
nue derived from it would have been neg-
ligible. It would have protected no infant,
and, as some one has said, no senile in-
dustry; for such books are not, never have
been, and never will be reprinted here. The
amendment had its origin in a coterie of
bookbinders whose motives were wholly
selfish, and it met the defeat it deserved.
Since 1890, therefore, the only duty on
books imported into the United States has
been imposed on books in the English lan-
guage which have been printed less than
twenty years; and even these may come in
free of duty to public libraries and educa-
tional institutions, provided not more than
two copies are imported in one invoice.
Until last year the duty on English books
was 25 per cent. It is now 15 per cent, ad
valorem. In whose interest, or upon what
grounds of public policy is this tax levied?
July, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
501
For the six years from 1907 to 1912, in-
clusive, the average annual value of duti-
able book importations was about two and
three-quarters millions of dollars, and the
average annual gross income for the Gov-
ernment less than $700,000. After deduct-
ing the cost of collecting this income, it will
be seen that the net revenue derived from it
is inconsiderable. Evidently it is not a
tariff for revenue.
If it is a protective tariff, who is protected,
and why ? We get all the light we need on
this question from the hearings before the
Ways and Means Committee of the House
of Representatives last year. For instance,
the American Bible manufacturers con-
tended that if the duty on Bibles, printed
and bound by the underpaid labor of Eng-
land, was reduced, the Bible-making indus-
try in this country would be entirely de-
stroyed. Has some of the pauper humor of
Europe been smuggled into this country?
The price of Bibles to a hundred million
people is to be maintained in the interest
of a few hundred people engaged in their
manufacture! What is best for the hun-
dred million does not count. The case is
typical in its absurdity. We put a tax on
the enlightenment of all the people, to serve
the selfish interests of a few.
The American author and the American
publisher are sufficiently protected by our
copyright laws, and need no protective tariff
on books. If the materials used in the man-
ufacture of books were put on the free list,
as I think they should be, the manufacturer
would need no tariff on books to protect
his business. It is the book manufacturers,
with the printers and binders, who seem to
be most interested in the retention of this
tariff barrier. At the hearings before the
Ways and Means Committee the manufac-
turer exhibits an almost self-effacing care-
lessness of his own interests; but his con-
cern for his employes, whose welfare he
notoriously has so much at heart, is most
impressive. He will usually be found
standing behind the organizations of print-
ers and bookbinders, prodding them on.
Now labor organizations are a necessary
economic factor under present social con-
ditions. But when in the interest of their
members they demand that a tax be levied
on the means of enlightenment of a whole
people, they are not promoting an economic
policy, but a debilitating disease.
Many years ago Robert G. Ingersoll said
he believed in the protection of home in-
dustries; but when the infant grew to be
six feet tall, wore number twelve boots,
and threatened to kick your head off if you
stopped rocking the cradle, he thought the
coddling should cease. Among a proud peo-
ple it is not an inspiring sight to see an in-
dustry begging for, or insisting upon, an ad-
vantage in the race with its foreign com-
petitors. Does our national resourcefulness
fail in the case of the manufacturers, print-
ers and binders of books? If so, may not
this condition be partly due to excessive
coddling? The over-coddled child seldom
develops into a resourceful man. Is there
any reason to expect it to be otherwise
with an industry? The American painter
scorns the protection given him by the Gov-
ernment against the work of his foreign
competitor, and time and again has peti-
tioned Congress to put works of art on the
free list. No American writer of standing,
as far as I know, has ever sought protec-
tion against his foreign competitor. If
those engaged in the mechanical processes
of book-making are less proud and resource-
ful, it is a humiliating fact which calls
for explanation.
The protected book industry in this coun-
try is now a wizened infant ninety years
old. It has not thriven on the tariff pap.
According to a writer in The Unpopular
Review, who seems to be well-informed on
the subject, the number of books published
annually in the United States is only about
six per cent, of the total annual production
of the world. In proportion to population,
Switzerland publishes annually ten times as
many books as we ; the Scandinavian coun-
tries, Denmark, Sweden and Norway to-
gether, six times as many; Germany,
France, the British Empire, Holland, Italy,
Austria and Japan, each from three and
one-half to five times as many. Even
Roumania, in proportion to population,
publishes over three times as many books
as the United States, while Russia pub-
lishes over one and one-half times as
many. The figures for Spain and Port-
ugal are given together, and our book pro-
duction is slightly below theirs. "Beneath
502
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[July, 1914
these," says the writer referred to, "there
is no lower depth."
For the last five or six years the total
annual value of the books imported into
the United States, both dutiable and un-
dutiable, was about $6,000,000, or six cents
per capita. While we tail the procession in
book production in our own country, we
import from the other countries of the
world only a paltry six cents' worth for
each of us. In the face of these facts we
cannot claim high rank as readers of books.
Our ambassador to the Court of St. James,
himself a publisher, is reported to have
said not long ago that American men
spend less for books than for neckties, a.id
American women less than for the buttons
on their dresses. The tariff has signally
failed to promote the publishing, the manu-
facture, or the sale of books. During
the last thirty or forty years the number
of bookstores in the United States has
notoriously declined. Now it is conceded
that a good bookstore, well stocked and
well managed, is of great educational
value to any community. We, as libra-
rians, are sorry to see them disappear, be-
cause good booksellers are our ablest coad-
jutors. In the interest of general intelli-
gence we want to see more private buying
and more and better household libraries.
It is of vital importance to all our citizens
that the book business should thrive here.
But it was not the discounts to libraries
that drove the bookseller out of business;
nor has the tariff on foreign books done
anything to save him. What, then, is the
cause of his rapid extinction?
The writer whom I cited a moment ago,
gives what seems an adequate explanation.
While we publish only six per cent, of the
annual production of books, we publish
sixty per cent, of the world's periodical
literature. Bookstores are disappearing;
but we have nearly a hundred thousand
news stands. In short, cheap newspapers
and cheap magazines are taking the place
of books in this country, chiefly, our Un-
popular Reviewer thinks, because the Gov-
ernment carries newspapers and periodicals
in the mails at one cent a pound, whereas
the cost of such carriage is about eight
times that. In other words, the Govern-
ment practically gives a tremendous sub-
vention to second class mail which is paid
by the first class mail. When you post a
letter, nearly half of what you pay goes
to defray the cost of carrying newspapers
and magazines. Why books were not in-
cluded in the subvention is not explained.
If it is justified in the case of newspapers
and magazines, on the ground that in a
democracy the Government should thus en-
courage the diffusion of ideas among the
people, why are books considered less im-
portant for this purpose? It certainly
seems that our postal laws have discrim-
inated against books. The present admin-
istration has improved the situation, as far
as the nearer zones are concerned, by the
inclusion of books in the parcel post. But
for the more distant zones the rate is higher
than before. Whenever the postal rate on
books is higher than the cost of handling,
the Government is levying an unnecessary
tax on ideas.
On broad grounds of public policy there
should be the freest possible flow of ideas,
not only among our own people, but be-
tween nations. The most civilized peoples
of the world are growing closer together,
because they are beginning to understand
each other better. If it is necessary to
have any tariff barriers at all between them,
it is certainly unwise to have barriers
against ideas as printed in books. A tax
on knowledge and education is especially
unwise in a republic, the very existence of
which depends on the intelligence of its
citizens. Our tariff on English books bears
heaviest on those who are least able to
pay it — our scholars, our teachers, our
scientific investigators. Elsewhere the most
enlightened governments do everything in
their power to encourage such men as na-
tional assets. Here our policy actually dis-
courages them. An enlightened policy
would put books in a class by themselves
and on a plane above the ordinary com-
modities of the world. Instead of being
taxed they should be privileged, not for the
encouragement of an industry but for the
education of the people.
While it has taken fifty years even to re-
duce the tariff on English books, there is
great encouragement in the fact that a be-
ginning has been made. The late Prof.
Sumner said, "If asked why they act in a
July, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
503
certain way in certain cases, primitive peo-
ple always answer that it is because they
and their ancestors always have done so.
A sanction also arises from ghost fear.
The ghosts of ancestors would be angry if
the living should change the ancient folk-
ways." In tariff matters we seem to be a
primitive people; any suggestion of change
is met with an instant prediction of dire
consequences. The political mind is pan-
icky at the prospect of change. Of a pol-
itician who was always pessimistic about
any alteration in governmental policy, it was
said that if he had been present at the
creation he would have thrown up his
hands in holy horror and exclaimed, "Chaos
will be destroyed!" We have long been
familiar with the political stump speaker
who loves to expatiate upon the calamities
which would follow any reduction in the
tariff. Yet we have survived a large num-
ber of such reductions. When the next book
schedule is under consideration, we com-
mend to our tariff and postal rate makers
the motto of this Association, "The best read-
ing, for the largest number, at the least cost."
THE PRESENT TREND*
BY CHARLES K. BOLTON, Librarian of the Boston Athenaeum
I
You will perhaps think me over bold to
speak this evening on the present trend of
the Public Library movement, for it is
many years since I last drew my salary di-
rectly from the taxpayer. But this
seems to be an occasion when I am to share
the more human privileges of the library
world.
ACCOMPLISH MENTS
To-night we may look back upon more
than half a century of significant develop-
ment in the Public Library as conceived
and described by George Ticknor, the his-
torian of Spanish literature. His was the
master mind and warm heart that saw the
benefits to be derived from a great circu-
lating library for the people, with the pop-
ular books of the day purchased in sufficient
numbers so that they could be read and
discussed while they were a factor in the
life of the moment. To him we owe the
governing spirit of the Public Library
throughout this broad land of ours, al-
though Boston, his home city, has as yet
shown no desire to honor him by a statue.
These fifty years form an era of develop-
ment along technical lines as well as in
the testing of public responsibility, through
which we have come to trust our own peo-
ple as no nation ever did before. Gradually
we have come to understand something
about the proper housing of books, and the
art of bringing their presence and value
*An address delivered before the American Library
Association at Washington, May 27, 1914.
home to the people; we have opened wide
our doors to children, little children, and
have extended our influence through branch
buildings to every corner of a big city and
into every school-house.
Through all this experimenting we have
achieved much in the way of catalogs and
systems of classification that appeals to
peoples beyond our borders; and yet we
have all along felt dimly, but with growing
insistence, the call of our foreign popula-
tion, and the claim of our business men to
a share of our attention. But the call has
come gradually into our consciousness, and
has not hindered us in the perfecting of our
technique.
Like the voice of the wild to the school
boy the call upon us to put our systems to
the supreme test of service is so insistent
that it will ring in our ears for the next
half century.
Already cooperation is influencing our
methods. The Library of Congress has
spread its catalog cards across the con-
tinent, and has made possible gesammt cat-
alogs or union lists. Schemes for coopera-
tive selection and purchase of books are
taking shape. At the moment their scope
seems endless, and they will expand until
the machinery becomes cumbersome or un-
til it delays results to the limit of useful-
ness. We have had the theory of central-
ization of authority as applied to transpor-
tation tried in New England to that same
limit of usefulness, and, as boys say, we
504
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[July, 1914
are now expected to pay the freight. Let
us not accept the delusion that centraliza-
tion and cooperation are everything and
local pride, ambition and initiative nothing.
They are factors to be adjusted in the pro-
duction of any Utopia.
One form of cooperation, however, is
suggested by the imminent danger of the
loss of the current newspaper through dis-
integration. The mirror of our life to-day
is to disappear in a generation, as the image
on the glass fades with the coming of the
dark. The best in our papers, whether na-
tional or local, must be preserved, if the
record of our nation's life is to be handed
on in any fullness and with any local color.
Only by cooperative effort can this work
of preservation be done, by obtaining rag
paper for a special edition, or by a system
of extracting certain sections of the news
for copying and printing on durable
paper.
Speaking now of material things, the sig-
nificant thing about libraries, the thing
which catches the eye of the visitor, is our
splendid library architecture. We are to-
day in an era of great central library build-
ings, beautiful to look upon, impressive as
to their mission, and altogether admirable
as signs of our higher life.
But I believe that the day of such build-
ings will wane. We invest from one to ten
millions in a building which may in a gener-
ation be poorly placed for its work, behind
in the best methods of heating, ventilating
and fireproofing, or even out of date in the
art of housing books. Monument that it is,
it is not what counts most to-day in the
public library movement. The living li-
brary, like the living church, is not built
of marble, nor can it be left stranded by
the din of business or the retreat of fashion.
Beautiful buildings we should have, but not
through sacrifice of salaries and service.
We are, I believe, to center our money,
our ability and our treasure in branches,
with a plain, serviceable structure for ad-
ministration and storage. The branch will,
like the chameleon, reflect its immediate
surroundings. It is to throb rather than
sleep. It is to be a civic center, alive from
dawn to midnight, uniting, like Caracalla's
baths, the interests of body and spirit, as
they indeed are always united in a healthy
state. Here will be the books for the peo-
ple of the vicinity, perhaps English, perhaps
Yiddish, or perhaps English this year and
Yiddish twenty-five years hence. Here also
will be the headquarters for clubs rep-
resenting both sexes, all ages, and all the
languages of that famous tower of Babel.
The swimming pool, the billiard room, the
employment office, the kitchen for social
nights, the music for public dances, they
may be a part of it all, six days in the
week including holidays and part of Sunday
at least.
Even so the branch cannot do it all. I
am convinced that the neighborhood house
under the right guidance will deal intimately
with the foreign born and bred as no li-
brarian, missionary as she often is, will ever
be able to do. The library and the school
must face each local condition with local
wisdom, not forgetting, as Miss Addams
says, that things which make men alike
are finer than things which keep them apart.
A teacher in a public school was holding
up a picture of Mt. Vernon, the home of
Washington. A little boy raised his hand
to ask a question. "Teacher," said he, "in
which flat did Washington live?" Here we
have an ignorance of American life that is
appalling. To some extent such a child
must be transformed, but in the process we
also are to change. Some of us are to live
in flats and some foreign born will live
in mansions.
What is our population? In the north
end of Boston, Mrs. Amelia Davis directs
a club for boys. One of these boys speak-
ing to another said:- "Mrs. Davis is a Jew
because hers is a Jewish name." "No,"
said the other, "Amelia is an Italian name,
so she must belong to my race." Being
told that she belonged to neither race they
discussed the matter and agreed that Mrs.
Davis must be Irish. They, in the heart
of Boston, had never heard of the race
which founded Boston and Plymouth. In
New England three-fifths of our people
are foreign born and bred. Southern New
England is the most densely foreign place
in the United States. In Fall River eight
out of every nine people one meets are not
of our blood. The West has largely com-
pleted her railroads and mines, throwing
back the immigrant tide to people the
July, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
505
East. In Los Angeles one out of every
two inhabitants is foreign, while in Cleve-
land four out of five, and in New York
five out of six are foreign born or bred.
We lay great stress on the illiteracy about
us, but it is not this so much as dissimilar-
ity of ideals that menaces our government.
For that reason the human relation between
librarian and reader, or between social
worker and her circle, will be the vital
factor. The foreign born likes good liter-
ature. He comes to our shores with a de-
sire for the good, and he craves, if he
could but express it, a standard library
rather than the latest book. The latest
in type and paper and illustration may at-
tract his eye, but he will be content with
literature that has stood the test of time.
Even Harvard College is to have a standard
collection within its great new Widener
Building. How much more should every
branch library in a large city be a standard
library in a liberal sense.
BUSINESS METHODS
To bring his wares to the notice of the
public the energetic man in a library to-day
wants to adopt methods of business, How
shall he do it? We see him trying all the
agencies of a commercial nature, and he
is likely to adopt some government
methods, which, like our post-office system,
look profitable, but really cost heavily to
maintain.
In some states a state library serves every
small town, and in others the nearest city
is, or is to be, a distributing center. If
the expensive book, rarely wanted, can be
got to the people it matters little what center
for distribution is adopted.
We are on the threshold of house-to-
house delivery, and, as an experiment, it
will be tried in compact well-to-do districts.
We also hear much about the value of the
rural free delivery of mail. They both
have limited value and manifest faults:
To rob the farmer of his daily or even
once-a-week visit to the post-office and to
permit him to live a life of isolation is a
distinct loss to the social side of farm life.
If the farmer will not go to the library
the books had better come to him, but in
serving him thus let us remember that there
are disadvantages in the system.
A country parish once sent into town for
a preacher who did not use notes. One was
sent. Next Sunday the parish asked for a
different man. "Didn't he speak without
notes?" the Bishop asked.
"Yes," was the weary reply, "but we
didn't need a rural free delivery. We don't
want too much even of a good thing." In
all our experiments we don't want too much
of a good thing.
If we believe in the inspiration which
comes from the actual presence of a great
library we cannot conceive of any adequate
substitute through house-to-house delivery.
Nor can the letter carrier in any way equal
the personality of the librarian as a guide
and friend.
More recently the library, as a practical
tool, has made its way into the specialist's
stronghold, and has dared to offer aid to
the man of business. A forward step,
though one beset with pitfalls, is the legis-
lative reference library movement, through
which the expert in books hopes to place
before lawmakers the very widest, latest
and best information on economic matters.
I say beset with pitfalls, for the believer
in popular government must look with some
uneasiness on a permanent group of ex-
perts at the state capitol. A prominent
reference librarian was asked if he and the
governor did not have much influence upon
legislation. He replied that between them
they practically dictated new laws, and then
he laughingly said, "And I dictate to the
governor." Pride of power may easily in
such a situation rob the excellence of the
scheme of its just fruits. Democracy has
reason to shun the path of bureaucracy if
she reads European history with care, for
the motives of mere man in a democracy
are not always more unselfish than those
of man in an aristocracy.
GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS
We have made great progress in educat-
ing the public to the value of our docu-
ments. They represent scholarship of a
high order, and they are of surprising in-
terest. Can we not have abstracts issued
in attractive form according to a broad
classification ? The mining population needs
one group of extracts, the agricultural an-
other. The shipper and the manufacturer
cry for information buried in calf — or hap-
pily now — yellow buckram covers. You
506
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[July, 1914
remember the popularity of Uncle Sam's
cook book, and of less fame the book on
horses issued by the government. Many
documents for immigrants cannot be had
unless specifically asked for. The best
farmers in Western Massachusetts are
Poles. They want information which can-
not be placed before them in the natural
way. The labor unions forced into the
law a provision that such information can-
not be offered to our farmers, but must be
withheld until the workers themselves ask
for it.
THE TREND IN OUR PROFESSION
In a broad sense we may say that we now
train for clerical and sociological work
rather than for pure administrative posi-
tions, leaving it to the sifting of experience
to bring leaders to the front. It is true
that in some few of the library schools
sifting is done before the doors are open to
the professional student. It is true also
that some searching is done in class to dis-
cover those of marked ability in certain
lines — art, science, music, language, etc. —
but I fear the study of personality in stu-
dents is not sufficiently searching or ruth-
less.
We need librarians with a combination
of sanity in business affairs, and imagina-
tion, faith and sympathy in leadership. If
some cannot understand sympathetically
the foreign born of our population we
need to search out trained men and women
who can. At Gardner, Mass., recently a
meeting of immigrants was called to study
the adaptation of the public library to their
needs. A large number came, including
leaders of the various races, but not one
of the twelve trustees of the local library
attended.
Especially do we need leaders who do
not limit their horixon to the library field
nor to the work for which they are paid.
Too often we feel that every phase of a
librarian's job is philanthropic, and that
he owes nothing more in service to those
about him. It is true that his work, like
woman's in the home, is never done; but
every efficient worker with a conscience is
doing the world's work, be he banker or
merchant or lawyer. Almost every leader
in the great professions feels it his privi-
lege and his duty to serve on directorates
and to do endless administrative work that
must be done without compensation. From
"Who's who in America," I have selected
for study the records of twenty-five li-
brarians of the larger cities. These no-
tices are presumably revised by themselves,
and so emphasize whatever of effort they
consider of value. Here are the results:
Fourteen belong to non-library societies,
showing themselves broad enough to have
interests that are non-professional. Seven
have held offices of a civic nature, chiefly
on a state library commission, one of the
few positions suitable for a librarian to
hold while engaged in his work. Eight
have written more or less on non-library
subjects, and five are well-known writers
on technical library affairs. Three are en-
gaged in remunerative avocations. The
record is by no means a bad one, although
it might be better. It seems to show that
even the leaders as a whole confine them-
selves rather closely to their remunerative
effort, leaving to lawyers, doctors, clergy-
men and merchants the great field of work
that must be done without pay and without
praise, to uplift the world.
In the big libraries we need library
knowledge plus administrative training and
a broad vision. In small libraries we need
library knowledge plus the neighborly
spirit. Too often the small town cannot
get the right type of librarian or trustee.
We are drifting therefore toward some
system of control, perhaps advisory rather
than authoritative, which shall combine
considerable ability in supervision with in-
timate knowledge of local conditions. The
state library commission, with its traveling
agent, meets the need only in part. We
ought to have more continuous oversight.
For this work a district superintendent or
director of libraries is proposed, his field
to include from five to twenty-five libra-
ries. The educational work in a group of
small towns is managed by a superintendent
of schools, and, if fear of encroachment
upon the prerogatives of local trustees can
be allayed, there is hope for results along
similar lines in our development of rural
libraries.
PENSIONS
A serious feature of all our public ser-
vice to-day is the laying of emphasis on the
July, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
507
individual instead of upon the work of his
office. The community to be served and
the taxpayer himself sink into insignifi-
cance when an aged public servant is
threatened with removal for incompetence.
There is no escape from the evil except by
pensions. When we begin to understand
that from an economic point of view the
pension is or may be granted to promote
efficiency as much as to be humane we shall
meet the expenditure more readily, and
shall awaken many dormant institutions.
I wish we might have — foolish as it may
sound — an official "Who's who" of librarians
and assistants, a central record for every
biographical detail of every wrorker in our
profession, to which the trustee or chief
librarian could turn for information. I
understand that the French government fol-
lows every teacher in France step by step
with such a record through his entire
career. To make such a record creditable is
a worthy ambition, leading to advancement.
What are we to be in the future? Are
we to be scholars or philanthropists? Are
we to be administrators or civic leaders?
We cannot be all alike, nor should we try.
But we can be positive and constructive.
We can have character and we can get
results. So that when the stranger from
another land, or the historian of a later
age, studies the record of our time the col-
ors of the picture we leave will be distinct
and clear, or even brilliant.
If we believe that all human impulse
and all movements are in cycles or spirals
we may hope that, whatever decrease in
scholarship we may detect during the ad-
justment of the public library to the present
needs of popular uplift, there will in good
time be a reasonable reaction. Scholarship
cannot be alienated from the library for
long even though the library become a
social center. Wherever books perpetuate
the finest thought of all the ages, a library
will bid men to read and to think.
THE LIBRARIES OF WASHINGTON*
BY H. H. B. MEYER, Chief Bibliographer of the Library of Congress
THE city of Washington is rich in library
resources. The Library of Congress would
lend distinction to any place, but a recent
census undertaken to gather information
for the "Handbook of libraries in the Dis-
trict of Columbia," issued by the Library of
Congress in cooperation with the District
of Columbia Library Association, showed
137 libraries with a total of 5,674,000 vol-
umes and pamphlets. Of these about two-
fifths, or 2,250,000, are in the Library of
Congress; a little over two-fifths, or 2,352,-
ooo, are in other libraries supported di-
rectly by the government; while a little less
than one-fifth, or 1,072,000, are in libraries
not supported by the government. In this
last group the most important are the col-
lege and university libraries, and among
these the Riggs Memorial Library of
Georgetown University, Rev. Henry J.
Shandelle, S. J., librarian, easily takes first
* A talk, which was illustrated by the stereopticon,
given at the opening session of the Washington con-
ference, May 25, 1914.
rank. The library dates from the founding
of the University in 1789 and is the oldest
in the city. It was named in honor of the
father and brother of Elisha Francis Riggs,
Esq., who, in 1891, equipped the library
with galleries, alcoves and the main read-
ing room in the south pavilion of the Healy
Building. In 1911 Mr. Riggs furnished an
annex calculated to hold 70,000 volumes.
The library contains 106,341 volumes and
62,649 pamphlets, rich in patristics, Greek
and Latin classics, American Indian lan-
guages, religious writings, including alcoves
of liturgical, ascetical and hagiographical
works. There are some hundred volumes
printed between 1472 and 1520, and a fine
working collection on the fine arts.
There are a number of smaller separate
collections belonging to the University.
The Hirst Library, which arose from the
bringing together of the libraries of sev-
eral students' societies, is supported by a
small annual fee from the students and in
5o8
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[July, 1914
it the students enjoy special privileges.
The Observatory Library of about 3,500
volumes and pamphlets is a part of the
equipment of the Astronomical Observatory
founded in 1846. The Law School Library
and Medical College Library are attached to
these schools respectively in the heart of
the city. Especially worthy of note is the
Morgan Maryland Colonial History Library
of about 3,750 volumes and pamphlets, con-
sisting mainly of books pertaining to the
history of Maryland and the District of
Columbia. Its importance is enhanced by
the large, perfectly constructed archive or
muniment vault which contains old papers,
documents, and forms a depository to which
Maryland and District families are invited
to contribute their ancestral and other valu-
able papers. With it is connected a museum
of historical relics synchronous with the
books and documents.
The library of George Washington Uni-
versity goes back to 1821 and now contains
about 45,740 volumes. It includes the im-
portant collection on Germanic philology
brought together by Prof. Richard Heinzel
of the University of Vienna, and the classic
library of Prof. Curt Wachsmuth of the
University of Leipsig. Apart from the
main library are the Law Library, Medical
Library, and the library of the National
College of Pharmacy, which are located
with their respective schools in various
parts of the city.
The library of the Catholic University
located at Brookland, one of the northern
districts of the city, contains about 100,000
volumes and pamphlets. It is the center of a
group of Catholic college libraries ranging
in size from 3,000 to 15,000 volumes. Es-
pecially notable is the library of the Fran-
ciscan Monastery located in a building
which affords an interesting specimen of
monastic architecture. The library con-
tains about 10,000 volumes and specializes
in everything relating to St. Francis and
the Franciscan Order.
At the Howard University for colored
students there is a compact library of about
50,000 volumes, general in character, housed
in a building for which Mr. Carnegie gave
$50,000 in 1910.
The government maintains two military
schools in the District, both located at the
extreme south end of the city. The Army
War College for the training of officers in
military science had a library of 34,400 vol-
umes which has recently been raised to the
first rank by the addition of the important
War Department Library of 60,000 volumes
and 40,000 pamphlets, rich in books relating
to the wars in which the United States has
been engaged. The Engineer School for
the instruction of the engineer officers of
the United States Army has a library of
50,000 volumes, and 8,000 pamphlets, largely
made up of civil, electrical and mechanical
engineering literature.
The public library located in the Carnegie
Building in Mt. Vernon Square in the heart
of the city, was established by an act of
Congress in 1896. It had been preceded by
the Washington City Free Library in which
Gen. Greely was very much interested.
The establishment of the public library was
largely due to the efforts of Mr. Theodore
W. Noyes, editor of the Washington Star.
The library has grown from the original
12,000 volumes received from the Washing-
ton City Free Library to 168,000 volumes
and pamphlets. This development has taken
place mostly since 1904 when the present
librarian, Mr. George F. Bowerman, was
appointed. Mr. Bowerman's services were
recognized last year by a doctor's degree
given him by George Washington Univer-
sity. It is generally acknowledged that he
has made the best use of the limited re-
sources at his command. Not having it in
his power to establish regularly equipped
branch libraries, he has gradually put into
active operation 150 distributing stations in
all parts of the city.
The government libraries are, as a rule,
of a highly specialized character and some
of them rank as the most complete of their
kind. The library of the Surgeon-General's
Office is the second largest library in the
city, containing 503,327 volumes and pamph-
lets, and is a monument to the industry,
scientific knowledge and bibliographical at-
tainments of Dr. John Shaw Billings, who
became surgeon-general in 1865, and
through whose efforts the library was raised
to the very first rank. It is believed to be
the largest medical library in the world,
surpassing the library of the Faculty of
Medicine of Paris, which has generally been
July, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
509
considered the largest. Even in the special
field of French medical dissertations it has
the most complete collection in existence.
It has about 250 medical incunabula, of
which Mr. Felix Neumann is making a check
list. The library is further famous as being
the basis of the Index Catalogue so well
known to all students of medicine.
The library of the Geological Survey is
hardly less notable. It contains 190.000
volumes and pamphlets and 25,000 manu-
scripts. Its catalog would practically consti-
tute a bibliography of geological science.
The library of the Department of Agri-
culture contains about 131,000 volumes and
pamphlets. It is a good example of central-
ized administration. The bureau and office
libraries, of which there are about 12, are
really branches of the main library. They
have their own librarians who devote them-
selves to the specialty of the office and fre-
quently undertake important bibliographical
work. For example, the Bureau of Plant
Industry, whose ' librarian is Miss Eunice
R. Oberly, maintains a union catalog of bo-
tanical and horticultural literature in the
libraries in the District.
Of similar interest are the libraries of
the Weather Bureau and the Bureau of
Fisheries, each believed to be the best of its
kind in the world. The Weather Bureau
Library contains 32,000 volumes mainly de-
voted to meteorology and climatology. The
library of the Bureau of Fisheries numbers
28,695 volumes, especially rich in the liter-
ature of fish culture for food.
Other department libraries worthy of
mention are the State Department, Bureau
of Rolls and Library, one of the oldest
maintained by the government. It has
about 70,000 volumes on international law,
diplomacy, and description and travel in
foreign countries, while its manuscripts are
among the most valuable in the government
archives. The Navy Department Library
contains about 50,000 volumes devoted al-
most entirely to naval science, especially
naval construction. The library of the De-
partment of Justice is a law library of about
45,000 volumes, rich in federal and state
reports, with a considerable collection of
British and foreign law. The Treasury
Department Library consists of about n,-
ooo volumes on finance.
The scientific libraries maintained by the
government are in two groups — those under
the jurisdiction of the Smithsonian Institu-
tion and a number of bureau libraries un-
der independent control, each in its own de-
partment. The Smithsonian Institution is
an organization whereby a number of the
highest officials of the government are made
responsible for the administration of a large
trust for the increase and diffusion of know-
ledge. The trust is the result of a bequest
by James Smithson, an English gentleman,
who died in 1829. He left his property "to
the United States of America to found at
Washington under the name of the Smith-
sonian Institution an establishment for the
increase and diffusion cf knowledge among
men." The Smithsonian Institution was
formally established by an act of Congress
in 1846 and has been one of the most widely
known scientific institutions in the world.
In exchange for its publications it receives
the proceedings, transactions and memoirs
of other learned bodies. These are regularly
transferred to the Library of Congress and
constitute the Smithsonian Deposit in that
library. Under its jurisdiction are the Na-
tional Museum, with a library of 43,700 vol-
umes and 72,000 pamphlets. These are
shelved in the main library on the ground
floor of the New National Museum Build-
ing and in 31 branches in charge of the
curators of the several departments of the
Museum. The next most important library
under the jurisdiction of the Smithsonian
Institution is the library of the Bureau of
American Ethnology, consisting of 19,000
volumes, 12,700 pamphlets, 1,700 manu-
scripts, constituting the finest collection of
books in the world relating to American
Indians. The Smithsonian Institution also
controls the small libraries at the Astro-
physical laboratory and at the National Zoo-
logical Park. For its own use it maintains
in the office of the secretary what is known
as the Office Collection, which is especially
rich in books dealing with the administra-
tion of museums and galleries and the
classification of their contents. It has be-
sides a fine collection on aeronautics, and
the Watts de Peyster collection on Napo-
leon.
In the other group of scientific libraries
mention should be made of the library of
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[July, 1914
the Naval Observatory containing 27,000
volumes and 3,500 pamphlets on mathe-
matics, astronomy and kindred subjects.
Its collection of serials is especially fine.
The library of the Bureau of Standards
contains about 12,000 volumes in physics,
mathematics, chemistry and technology.
The library of the Coast and Geodetic Sur-
vey now numbers about 25,000 volumes. At
one time it was almost twice as large but
by the judicious weeding out of irrelevant
and useless material it has been made a
vastly better working tool. The library of
the Bureau of Education numbers 145,000
volumes. It received its greatest develop-
ment under Dr. W. T. Harris, who was
Commissioner of Education from 1889 to
1906. During the early part of Dr. Har-
ris's administration the library facilities of
the city were not so good as they became
later, and he was practically obliged to
create a library of a more general char-
acter. Under Dr. Brown, who succeeded
Dr. Harris as Commissioner, the new con-
ditions were recognized and some 60,000
volumes of a general character were sent to
the Library of Congress. The Patent Of-
fice Library is in two parts — a law library
of about 4,000 volumes, and a scientific
library of 9,648 volumes. The former is
devoted to patent law while the latter,
besides works in the physical sciences,
includes a very complete collection of the
patent reports of all foreign countries.
The library of the Census Bureau, estab-
lished as recently as 1899, already numbers
58,000 volumes and pamphlets, rich in sta-
tistical publications of our own states and
of foreign governments. The library in-
cludes a notable collection on the science
of statistics. The Public Documents Li-
brary is also of recent date. It was es-
tablished in 1895 when the first superin-
tendent of documents was appointed. From
a few wagon loads of rubbish turned over
to him at that time it has now grown to
147,255 volumes and pamphlets, and 16.280
maps. It is the most complete collection
of United States public documents in ex-
istence and is the basis of the important
Document Catalogues published at intervals
by the Superintendent.
Among the small bureau libraries which
should not be overlooked is the library of
the Bureau of Labor Statistics, at present
located in the Commerce Building. It con-
tains about 28,000 volumes and pamphlets
both official and non-official dealing with
all phases of the labor question. Its col-
lection of trade union publications and the
reports of factory and mine inspectors is
particularly important. The Interstate
Commerce Commission Library contains
about 26,000 volumes and pamphlets, rich
in railroad literature and interstate com-
merce documents. The Bureau of Mines,
founded in 1911, already has a library of
10,000 volumes, of which 4,000 are kept at
the Bureau while 6,000 are distributed
among the field stations.
The Bureau of Railway Economics is not
a government bureau but is maintained by
the railroads of the country. It has a fine
library of 25,000 books, pamphlets, etc.,
dealing with railways from all points of
view, and about 10,000 volumes and pamph-
lets in addition devoted to finance, labor
and other matters collateral to railway
economics. The bureau has published, un-
der the editorship of its librarian, Mr.
Richard H. Johnston, a union catalog en-
titled "Railway economics, a collective cat-
alogue of books in fourteen American libra-
ries." The collection is open to all who de-
sire to use it without restriction.
The Columbus Memorial Library of 28,-
300 volumes devoted to the Latin-American
countries is part of the equipment of the
Pan-American Union which was established
in 1890 under the title International Bureau
of American Republics. In 1910 the pres-
ent building, for which Mr. Carnegie gave
$750,000, was dedicated, and in the same
year the name of the bureau was changed
to its present designation, Pan-American
Union.
Washington is also notable as possessing
the largest library on Freemasonry in the
world. This is the library of the Supreme
Council 33d degree and numbers about 100,-
ooo volumes and pamphlets. It will shortly
be moved to the new building now in course
of erection at i6th and S streets, the Scot-
tish Rite Temple.
The literature relating to the deaf and
dumb is well represented at the capital. At
the Columbian Institution for the Deaf is
the Baker collection rich in the older pub-
July, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
lications, while in the Volta Bureau, Wash-
ington possesses an institution almost
unique. It was founded in 1888 by Alex-
ander Graham Bell, the inventor of the tel-
ephone and was the outgrowth of his ex-
tensive researches to determine the causes
of deafness. The library takes its name
from the fact that the Volta Prize, created
by Napoleon I, was conferred upon Dr.
Bell for the invention of the telephone.
This prize carried a gift of 50,000 francs
which Dr. Bell devoted to laboratory re-
searches that resulted in the development
of the phonograph-graphophone. From the
amount received for this invention he set
aside the sum of $100,000 for the increase
and diffusion of knowledge relating to the
deaf. That sum formed the original endow-
ment and has been largely added to since.
In 1909 he presented the library, the Volta
Bureau, and other property to the American
Association to Promote the Teaching of
Speech to the Deaf, and it is now owned
and controlled by that association. The
library includes the most complete collec-
tion of periodicals and society publications,
both American and foreign, and reports of
schools in existence. Of special interest
to those engaged in research work are a
card catalog of more than 50,000 deaf chil-
dren admitted into special schools in the
United States during the nineteenth cen-
tury; manuscripts containing authentic in-
formation concerning 4,471 marriages of
persons deaf from childhood, and the special
schedules of the deaf used by the Census
Office in 1900 containing detailed informa-
tion about 89,271 persons returned as deaf
or deaf and dumb in the twelfth census
of the United States.
Collections of books for the blind are to
be found at the National Library for the
Blind, Miss Etta J. Giffin, director. A
Vaughan press has recently been installed
and the printing of books for the blind is
now a part of the regular work of the
library. All of the operations are conducted
by blind persons engaged at regular sal-
aries. There is a reading room for the
blind at the Library of Congress in charge
of Mrs. Gertrude T. Rider, and at the Sol-
diers' Home Library there are daily read-
ings for the blind.
The Miller Library at Forest Glen, Md.,
while not strictly within the District of Co-
lumbia, should be mentioned in connection
with Washington libraries. It was the pri-
vate library of J. De Witt Miller, the orig-
inal of Leon Vincent's essay, "The biblio-
taph." Mr. Miller's books were literally
buried in various places until finally in 1901
his friends, Mr. and Mrs. John Irving Cas-
sidy, built a library for him at the National
Park Seminary at Forest Glen, Md. There
are about 22,000 volumes in the library,
including many association books and au-
tographed copies. Mr. Miller was a de-
voted Johnsonian, and collected everything
relating to Johnson and his biographer.
Since Mr. Miller's death in 1912 the library
has been used by the students of the sem-
inary, who are given a course of twenty
hours per week in the use of the library
and in library methods.
The Library of Congress has been de-
scribed so well and so often that a detailed
account of it is not called for here. It will
not be amiss, however, to refer to a few
important recent developments of its spe-
cial collections. The Music Division, under
the direction of Mr. O. G. T. Sonneck,
takes rank with the finest musical libraries
in the world — with the collection in the
British Museum, the collection in the Royal
Conservatory of Music in Brussels, and the
collections at Berlin and St. Petersburg.
The Map Division, under Mr. P. Lee Phil-
lips, a fellow of the Royal Geographical
Society, also ranks among the most com-
plete in the world. It contains 390,489 sheet
maps, 5,193 atlases, and 404 manuscripts.
The Division of Manuscripts, with the pa-
pers of most of the Presidents and of a
great many public men, is of primary in-
terest to all students investigating the
source material for '.he history of our coun-
try. At the present time the Prints Divi-
sion, which already contains 260,000 pieces,
is being developed by Dr. Rice, professor
emeritus of Williams College.
Books let us into their souls and lay open
to us the secrets of our own. They are the
first and last, the most home-felt, the most
heart-felt of all our enjoyments. — WILLIAM
HAZLITT.
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[July, 1914
THE EXHIBIT OF LABOR-SAVING
DEVICES
As AN attempt to bring together in about
3,800 square feet the best representatives of
the most important types of labor-saving de-
vices the recent exhibition fell far short of
the completeness and the perfection which
we had desired. Notwithstanding the im-
perfections, some of them inevitable but
none the less to be regretted, a brief review
of the exhibit may be of interest to some
who did not see it. I wish to attempt also
a brief survey of the important field which
we attempted to cover, with some informa-
tion concerning certain devices which for
one reason or another it was either impos-
sible or inadvisable to include in the exhibit.
A few copies of the catalog of the
exhibit are still available and will be
sent on request to any librarians who
may wish them. (Three cents post-
age is required for mailing.) Although
this catalog was intended primarily to serve
as a guide to the exhibit, we endeavored to
mention, so far as was possible in the short
space which could be devoted to each firm,
some of the most important features of the
various devices as adapted to library pur-
poses. We had endeavored not to include in
the exhibit any devices which are not good
or which are not well adapted to library
purposes. The choice of the best represen-
tative of any kind of device, however, is
largely a matter of personal preference, and
furthermore the writer could of course not
vouch for the merits of all devices exhib-
ited. The notes in the catalog were there-
fore intended as a description, rather than
an appraisal of the merits of the different
devices and equipment. All quoted matter,
except where otherwise indicated, was taken
from statements made by the manufacturers.
A conspicuous feature of the display of
adding machines was the absence of what is
probably the best-known machine. Until a
few weeks before the exhibit we had ex-
pected that this machine would be shown,
but the manager of the local agency then
announced that he wished to cancel the ten-
tative agreement which had been made.
Although we were sorry not to have this
firm among the exhibitors, special circum-
stances in connection with the case made it
seem desirable to adhere to the policy which
we had consistently followed, not to attempt
to persuade any firms to enter the exhibit
if they did not think it would be to their
advantage.
We were fortunate in being able to se-
cure a demonstration of two adding ma-
chines which are generally held to be among
the best, in addition to the typewriter-
adding machines. For the purposes of most
libraries it seems as though the non-listing
type of adding machine would be in every
way as satisfactory as the listing type, and
therefore better because quicker in opera-
tion. In the larger libraries, however, there
is more likely to be need of preserving the
records of certain calculations, and for such
work the listing machine is a necessity. In
many cases the combination of the type-
writer and the adding machine is most
useful.
• Although the importance of the adding
machine is fully recognized, there are many
small libraries which cannot afford one of
the standard machines. For this reason we
endeavored, but without success, to obtain
for the exhibit one or two of the inexpen-
sive adding machines. Whether the statis-
tical work of most libraries which cannot
afford a more expensive machine is exten-
sive enough to make an adding machine
necessary is, I think, questionable, but many
small libraries might do well to give a trial
to some of the cheap machines, which might
also prove useful for certain purposes in
larger libraries to supplement the machines
of higher price.
The "Golden Gem" adding machine is
made by the Automatic Adding Machine
Company, 148 Duane Street, New York.
The price is $10.00 for a machine of seven
column capacity, or $15.00 for a machine of
nine columns. The manufacturers offer a
free trial for ten days, and each machine is
accompanied by a guarantee for one year.
Whether calculations can be performed on
this machine more quickly, more accurately
or more easily than by mental calculation
can be readily determined by an experi-
mental test. The machine, which can be
easily held in the hand, consists of a series
of chains in columns. Figures are recorded
by using a stylus to pull the chains down,
the point of the stylus being inserted in the
link of the chain opposite the desired figure
July, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
513
in the proper column and drawn down to the
bottom of the column. Some care must be
used in operating to be sure of always reg-
istering the correct figure. As with any
non-listing machine, where the figures can-
not be read back, calculations should be
performed twice for the sake of verifica-
tion.
The American adding machine, which
more closely resembles the more expensive
standard machines, is manufactured by the
Adding Machine Division of the American
Can Company, Monroe Building, Chicago.
This, a seven-column non-listing machine,
sells for $35.00. In one of the largest pub-
lic libraries it has been given a trial, with
results which seem to justify further con-
sideration of it. The librarian reports that
the chief objection to it was that it is rather
noisy. The manufacturers offer to send the
machine, express prepaid, on two weeks'
trial. It is guaranteed against any imper-
fections for one year, and "the machine may
be exchanged for a new one at any time by
paying three cents per working day for the
time you have had it."
Invitations to demonstrate were sent to
all the best-known addressing machines, the
addressograph, the Montague, the Elliott,
and others, but only one accepted the invi-
tation. The use of the addressograph is
well known in the larger libraries, but it is
perhaps not generally known that for $37.50
or $45.00 a hand-operated machine can be
obtained which, the manufacturers state, is
capable of doing all the work which can be
done by the expensive electric machines, the
speed, of course, being limited by the ability
of the operator. Considering the possibility
of using the addressograph for duplicating
cards, it seems as though one of these hand
machines might be used to good advantage
in many libraries which cannot afford better.
Among the labor-saving devices which
are of interest only to the larger libraries
is the billing machine, represented in the
exhibit by the Elliott-Fisher Company, one
of the best-known manufacturers of ma-
chines of this nature. In large libraries
their billing and order entry machine is
capable of important service in the order
department, the bookkeeping department
and the supply department. The book type-
writer which was shown by the same com-
pany is adapted to use in a larger number
of libraries, either for making records in
bound books or for loose-leaf records.
In the demonstration of several vacuum
cleaners, some of very low price, two floor
machines and two kinds of dustless brushes,
a good opportunity was given to inspect va-
rious methods of cleaning. We were disap-
pointed in being unable to show the vacuum
system which is used in the John Crerar
Library, but all of the machines and dusters
shown we believed to be very satisfactory.
The demonstration of the two dictation
machines afforded opportunity to judge of
the value of the dictation machine method
and also to form some idea of the relative
merits of the two leading machines of this
type, the dictaphone and the Edison dic-
tating machine. A decision between the two,
however, can be reached only after a long
and careful test. Neither machine has en-
tirely overcome all mechanical imperfec-
tions, and both have a great many good
features. Choice between them is to a con-
siderable extent a matter of personal pref-
erence. Both companies are glad to place
their machines out on trial, and one can in
this way determine which machine seems
best adapted to his needs. Under some cir-
cumstances the dictation machine cannot be
used to advantage, but for most purposes
this method has been proved capable of
effecting very important saving.
The manufacturers of the stenotype were
unable to demonstrate this unique "short-
hand machine" which "writes a word at a
stroke." In construction the machine is
somewhat similar to the typewriter, though
smaller and lighter and with a keyboard of
only 22 keys. The missing letters are sup-
plied by combinations of two letters, both
struck by the same finger at the same time.
The system of stenotypy is based on the
omission of all silent letters and on the
simple arrangement of the keys, which
makes it possible for the stenotypist to take
dictation at a far greater speed than can be
attained by the stenographer, and with
greater accuracy. Two very great advan-
tages are that any stenotypist can transcribe
notes written by any other, and that the
notes never become "cold." The machine
is sold only to students who take a course in
stenotypy in business schools. The general
514
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[July, 1914
opinion of those who have investigated the
machine seems to be that the stenotype, now
almost a new machine, will in time become
very widely used. Any librarians who re-
ceive a stenotypist in response to a call for
a stenographer will find it interesting to see
what results she can produce.
Considering the extent to which manifold-
ing machines are used in libraries, it was
surprising that only four companies (ex-
clusive of the Underwood Typewriter Com-
pany with their revolving duplicator) ac-
cepted the invitation to demonstrate in the
exhibit. The writerpress and the printo-
graph have many advocates in libraries, but
the most widely known machines are the
multigraph and the mimeograph. These ma-
chines differ so much in nature and method
of operation that the purposes for which
manifolding is needed must influence the
choice of one machine or the other. The
multigraph can produce an unlimited num-
ber of copies after the type has been set;
the mimeograph can produce at most about
1,000 copies, when a new stencil must be
made. It is probably possible to find a good
stencil-maker for the mimeograph more
easily than one can get a good multigraph
operator, and some complain that the type-
setting of the multigraph is hard on the
eyes. The multigraph permits the use of
various styles of type on the same work,
and excellent results can be thus obtained
in circulars and form work; on the mimeo-
graph such variety cannot be obtained.
These, and many other points, must be con-
sidered in libraries where only one machine
can be obtained; in many of the larger
libraries both machines could be used to
good advantage.
There is considerable difference of opin-
ion concerning the merits of the cheaper
devices for duplication in small quantities.
In Schulze's "The American office," p. 46, it
is stated that "in spite of their crude appear-
ance, these little duplicators are very valu-
able for inter-departmental communica-
tions and for forms, when only twenty to
sixty copies are required." They have been
found useful in many small libraries and,
for certain purposes, in some large libraries.
The expected demonstration of the schapi-
rograph, which would have made it possible
to compare this machine with its very simi-
lar rival, the Beck duplicator, was not made.
Machines for folding, for opening mail,
for sealing envelopes and affixing stamps
may be useful in large libraries. No ma-
chines of these types were included in the
exhibit except the folding machine and the
sealing machine shown in connection with
the multigraph, which seem well adapted for
use in any libraries where such machines
are needed. The same company has also
the Universal folding machine, adapted for
more extensive work.
Machines for opening mail are operated
either by hand or by electricity. There are
probably very few libraries where such
machines are needed.
Concerning both the sealing and the stamp
affixing machines there is some difference
of opinion. It is stated by many that none
of the machines now made are free from
imperfections which are likely to cause
serious trouble. The mailometer, however,
for both sealing and stamping, is in use in
one of the largest publishing nouses and is
reported to give very satisfactory service.
It is made by the Mailometer Company,
Detroit. The multipost stamp affixer, made
by the Multipost Company, Rochester, N. Y.,
is used in at least one library and has been
found an important labor-saver.
So far as I am informed, the rotary copy-
ing machine is used in only a few libraries.
A demonstration of such a machine would
have been interesting, but we were unable
to obtain any. Two of the best-known are
the Roneo, made by the Roneo Company,
117 Leonard Street, New York, and the "Y
and E copier," made by the Yawman & Erbe
Manufacturing Company, of Rochester.
The rotary press eliminates the use of car-
bon paper and copy paper, and gives a fac-
simile copy. It has all the advantages of
the old-style copying book, without the dis-
advantages, and in some respects it seems
superior to the carbon copy method.
Toward the visible indexing devices of
the Rand Company and the Index Visible
Company the policy of watchful waiting is
to be commended. Except for short lists
of names, such as telephone lists and other
short records frequently consulted, these
devices are not yet well adapted to library
purposes. They are being tried out in a
number of libraries for lists of periodicals,
July, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
515
short lists of selected collections and other
purposes. From talking with many libra-
rians at the exhibit the representatives of
the two companies learned much concerning
the special requirements of libraries, and it
seems likely that one or both companies
will in time make the necessary modifica-
tions to fit their devices for more general
library use.
The Universal pasting machine, made by
the United States Gum Tape Company, was
one of the most useful devices shown in the
section of miscellaneous appliances. Some
thought the price of the machine ($10.00)
too high, but considering the amount of
time which can be saved by its use the ma-
chine will very soon pay for itself. It is
adapted to use in all libraries, from the
largest to the smallest, and will be found an
important labor-saver wherever it is used.
The photostat had never before been dem-
onstrated in an exhibition of this kind, and
no previous exhibit, I believe, has included
more than one photographic copying ma-
chine. The opportunity to compare the
photostat and the rectigraph was therefore
an important feature of the exhibit. It was
unfortunate that we were unable to make
the demonstration of these devices complete
by including also the cameragraph. The
manufacturers wished to exhibit, but found
it impossible to do so. In the June issue of
LIBRARY JOURNAL, p. 490, is a description of
a new use for the photostat recently adopted
by the New York Public Library in prepar-
ing a shelf list by the photographic repro-
duction of author cards from the catalog.
It was not found practicable to include
in the display of typewriters any of the low
price machines, one of the best of which is
the Blickensderfer. Some of these machines
are undoubtedly very serviceable in many
small libraries, and in one of the largest
libraries the Blickensderfer, fitted with spe-
cial keyboards, is used for cataloging for-
eign books, which are received and cata-
loged two or three times a year. Whether it
is better for a library of small income to
purchase a low-price new machine or a re-
built next-to-the-last model of one of the
standard machines, is a question which de-
serves careful consideration.
An interior telephone system is a neces-
sity for efficient work in any large or mod-
erate size library. It was not possible to
obtain any such systems for the exhibit, nor
have I any information concerning any sys-
tems which are entirely satisfactory. The
use of the telautograph is, I believe, becom-
ing more general in libraries, and furnishes
a very satisfactory method of communicat-
ing in writing from one department to
others. The famous dictograph is rapidly
increasing its reputation in business houses
and large manufacturing plants as a means
of oral communication between departments.
I do not know of any library in which it
is now used, though one librarian wrote
that he was considering it. It certainly
seems worthy of careful consideration
wherever an interior system of communi-
cation is to be installed.
The cash register, either of the "Na-
tional" type or the autographic register, is
another device, not strictly a labor-saver,
which is being more generally used in libra-
ries. Librarians who have installed registers
are generally very well pleased with them.
They have the advantage of giving the over-
due public a convenient receipt for its money
on occasions (usually few) when a receipt
is desired. Perhaps, too, by imparting a
businesslike tone to the receiving desk, they
may inspire the public with confidence in the
library's methods, and possibly avert the
wonder which some borrowers express or
imply as to the disposition which the staff
make, personally, of the collected fines. But
the cash register is not proof against the
possibility of error in making change, nor
does it help fix responsibility for errors, and
many are opposed to adding it to the library
equipment. The question is certainly de-
batable.
There are a large number of small and
inexpensive appliances which are capable
of greatly increasing efficiency in the daily
routine. Most of these devices are easily
demonstrated and are so inexpensive that it
would not have paid the manufacturers to
send their own representatives to show
them. We therefore made arrangements
with over twenty manufacturers to have
such devices sent for demonstration under
our direction. To a great many visitors
this section was one of the most profitable
parts of the entire exhibit. Especially
prominent here were the pasting machine
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[July, 1914
referred to above and Mr. Hirshberg's fine
computer, so simple in construction that we
wonder why it was not invented years ago,
and so useful that it is difficult to under-
stand how any library can now get along
without it. Its merits speak very plainly
for themselves, and all who did not see the
computer at the exhibit should not fail to
investigate it. A description of it was
printed in the catalog of the exhibit and
also in Public Libraries, June, 1914, p. 260.
Few devices are worse than a poor pen-
cil sharpener, and few will pay for them-
selves more quickly than a good sharpener.
Judging from the experiences of many li-
braries, good sharpeners are often obtained
only after costly experimenting with some
which are not good. For this reason we
desired to include in the exhibit as many as
possible of the best. The Climax and the
Dexter, made by the Automatic Pencil
Sharpener Company of Chicago; the Jupi-
ter, made in Germany and handled in this
country by Favor, Ruhl & Co. of New
York ; and the Boston Pencil Pointer, made
by the Boston Specialty Corporation of New
York, may be fairly considered among the
best. Efforts to obtain the latter were at
first unsuccessful, and it was only after the
catalog had gone to press that we learned
that it would be shown by the Wm. G. John-
ston Company. That there is a great dif-
ference of opinion as to what sharpener is
the best is shown by the experience of one
of the large libraries, where the staff at the
main library discarded the Boston in favor
of the Jupiter, and the staff at one of the
branches are now using the discarded Bos-
ton and consider it better than the Jupiter.
The Boston is now made in a new model,
selling for $2.50, which is said to be virtu-
ally the same as the older $6.50 model.
The telephone counters made by the
Veeder Manufacturing Company have been
put to excellent use in at least two libra-
ries, the Chicago Public and Columbia Uni-
versity, for recording circulation statistics
by classes. If there are ten classes, for ex-
ample, for which statistics are kept, ten of
these counters are purchased and mounted
on a board, each counter labelled with the
name of one class. Throughout the day,
when opportunity offers for arranging the
book cards for the day's circulation, the
number of books in each class is recorded on
the proper counter. It is thus possible at the
close of each day to have the day's circula-
tion completed merely by adding the ten
totals. These counters sell for $1.50 each,
unmounted, with a discount of 25 per cent,
in dozen lots, or 33 1-3 per cent, discount
in lots of one hundred. Libraries which
could not afford a counter for each
class could simplify work to a large extent
by providing counters for fiction and per-
haps three or four of the most popular
classes of non-fiction.
The exhibition of stacks and shelving,
furniture, filing devices and general library
supplies made a very interesting and profit-
able display. The space available for such
equipment was too small to accommodate
all the firms whom we should have liked to
have with us, or to give all the firms as
much space as they would have liked. Nev-
ertheless, the opportunity to see the latest
equipment of competing firms and to talk
with representatives of the companies was a
valuable opportunity.
In the lobby, at the head of the stairway
the Library Bureau's wing-shape charging
counter on the left and the built-to-order
Globe- Wernicke desk on the right, presented
a most attractive introduction to the com-
prehensive displays which had been ar-
ranged by these firms. Supplementing these
exhibits of furniture and equipment for the
filing department, the loan desk and the
catalog department, was the display of Gay-
lord Brothers, which included practically all
of their numerous appliances and supplies.
Any librarians who were undecided on the
merits of different stacks had the opportu-
nity to acquire full information concerning
the Snead, the Art Metal and the Library
Bureau. Each of these firms had installed
small sections of stacks, of both the stand-
ard and the bracket types, with accessories
such as book-supports, label-holders, and
movable book-rests.
In general, the over-persuasiveness and
the "barking" which are sometimes notice-
able in business shows were happily absent
from this exhibit. The closely grouped dis-
plays in the lobby and in some parts of the
lecture hall presented a good opportunity
for this evil to creep in, and we are grateful
to the exhibitors for not allowing it to do so.
July, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
517
Their spirit of friendly competition with
one another, and of co-operation in making
the exhibit enjoyable and successful, was
much appreciated.
It is not possible, nor would it be desir-
able, to attempt to mention here everything
which was included in the exhibit. Brief
mention should, however, be made of the
attractive and useful "wing frames'* dis-
played by the St. Louis Multiplex Display
Fixture Company; of the changeable bulle-
tins and the gummed letters, already widely
known, of the Tablet and Ticket Company;
of the Victor portable stereopticon ; and the
very interesting display of the Democrat
Printing Company, especially valuable to
small libraries.
In the preparation for the exhibit an ef-
fort was made — rather incidental to the
exhibit itself — to collect information con-
cerning time-saving methods employed by
various libraries in the routine work. It
was realized that such information could
be successfully collected and made accessible
to all only by a more special effort than we
were able to make. Considerable informa-
tion of value was received, however, and
made possible a small exhibit which was
placed in the librarian's office on the main
floor. The great interest which several
librarians showed in this small display en-
couraged the belief that our efforts along
this line produced results of some value,
and that if a more special effort could be
made to collect all possible information of
this kind the result would be extremely
valuable.
The Museum Library of the Brooklyn
Institute of Arts and Sciences sent a blue
print of the magazine shelving which had
been especially designed for the library.
This shelving is equipped with movable
partitions, which make it possible to adjust
the shelving to any height or width. The
report of the library for 1912 states that
"the movable partition device is very simple
and any wooden or metal book shelf can be
easily converted into a periodical shelf.
This installation combines ready access,
sightliness and economy of space and money
for one of the most important classes of
Museum Library accessions, as not only the
current number but the current volume is
in constant demand."
Another very interesting and practical
design for magazine shelving was shown
by a photograph and blue print of a case
designed by Mr. Dougherty of Pawtucket,
R. I. This case is so constructed that in a
space of 6 ft. x 6 ft. there is room for
about two hundred titles in one complete
alphabet irrespective of their sizes and
shapes. The case is provided with blocks
of different lengths, which are placed behind
the magazines. Behind each magazine is
placed a block of the necessary length to
bring the magazine to the edge of the case.
The Pratt Institute Free Library sent one
of the banner dummies described in a recent
number of the Bulletin of Bibliography.
One of these is hung at the end of each
stack and replaces the individual dummies.
In the Newarker for January, 1914, was
a description of an interesting method of
using colored bands on the backs of books
and pamphlets to aid in the proper shelving
of such collections as trade catalogs, direc-
tories, and pamphlet material. It was not
possible to arrange for the display of sam-
ples to illustrate this system.
The Cleveland Public Library sent a
"book end block" which is used for small
special exhibits of books. This block, de-
vised by Miss Eastman, is a leaded oak
block, felt-covered on the bottom to prevent
scratching, and grooved in front to hold a
label. With this block was sent also a book
dummy, for use in catching books for which
reserves have been left. The dummy is
made with a veneer of slate paper on the
exposed part of the dummy, which enables
the titles to be erased and new titles to be
put on, so that the same dummy can be very
conveniently used a great many times.
Some exceedingly attractive signs were
contributed by the Seattle Public Library,
and a collection of sample forms used in the
catalog department were sent from the Car-
negie Library of Pittsburgh. These included
their method of shelf-listing books of fiction
and juvenile books which are duplicated in
great numbers and are not accessioned ; spe-
cial printed subject cards for use in branch
catalogs in place of analytics; and special
cards for directing the attention of for-
eigners to books on learning English.
A number of samples were shown illus-
trating some very interesting time-saving
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[July, 1914
methods employed in the Princeton Univer-
sity Library. These included the following :
Various uses in catalog work of printed
forms, rubber stamps, and other cataloging
methods not easily described in a few
words; a method of filing advance sheets
of United States government documents
for frequent use by giving specific alpha-
betic subject headings; an inexpensive and
efficient method of binding and filing pam-
phlets in pamphlet folders; a pamphlet box
used as a shelf label and book support, and
also as a sorting cabinet for pamphlets and
unbound periodicals; a special binder's
dummy for periodicals ; a box, a foot square,
for transportation of books in quantities too
small to make it advisable to use a book
truck ; a specimen of the ten-cent rebacking
done in the binding department; a number
of printed forms showing the economy of
the library printing press; and one of the
department and seminary library catalogs,
illustrating the title-a-line author finding
list. This saves duplication of card cata-
logs in the departments and seminaries. The
time cost of consulting a card catalog is
estimated by Dr. Richardson at from three
to seven times the cost of consulting the
title - a - line, long - page printed list, apart
from economies in having several copies.
The Twenty-third Street branch of the
Y. M. C. A., New York City, sent some
catalog cards with headings printed on a
hand printing press. The librarian writes
that a better press than the one now in use
in the association library is the "Official"
press made by Golding & Co., Franklin,
Mass. This press may be obtained in a
4 ft. x 6 ft. size for about $10.00. The
printing press is used in this library when
fifty or more cards are likely to be needed
for an author, the author's name being
printed on the card and title, call number
and other details added on the typewriter.
The call number also is printed instead of
typewritten whenever there is a run of fifty
or more cards. Two fonts of type are used,
the twelve-point Gothic for the authors, to
match the L. C. cards, and the twelve-point
standard typewriter type for notes and call
numbers to match the typewritten cards.
The East Orange Public Library makes a
very successful use of the rubber stamp as
a substitute for the multigraph or mimeo-
graph as a saver of printers' bills. The
stamp is used in some cases for catalog
card headings, and is also used with sur-
prising success for post card notices. The
stamps are very well made and are cut in
typewriter type, and it would be very diffi-
cult or impossible to distinguish the results
from actual typewriting. The cost of the
rubber stamp for a contagious disease no-
tice occupying practically the full surface
of a post card was $3.25. This method
seems very useful for libraries which can-
not afford a manifolding machine. For
example, five hundred post cards contain-
ing enough matter to fill about two-thirds
of the card were multigraphed outside the
library for $1.75. A rubber stamp for the
same lettering would have cost only $2.00
(plus the time required for stamping the
cards) and would have been a permanent
investment.
The University of Illinois Library has
a very interesting method of following up
periodicals not received on time. Trays,
made of one-quarter inch hard pine, size
12 x 6l/2 x 2l/2 inches inside, are used, each
tray holding 825 cards. Cards are divided
in four sections, according to the frequency
of publication — quarterly, monthly, weekly
and daily. At the beginning of the period
(the quarter, the month, etc.) the cards are
all at the left side of the tray. As periodi-
cals are received the cards for them are
checked and moved to the right. At the end
of the period all cards remaining at the left
of the tray indicate overdue periodicals,
which are written for. A system very simi-
lar to this is used in Germany, except that
there a card with special perforations is
used, permitting the use of a rod to so hold
the cards in place that they are readily
shifted from one side of the box to the
other without removing the rod. The Uni-
versity of Illinois Library does not use the
rod, and reports that if the trays are well
filled the cards do not shift accidentally.
In the same library the "indicators" manu-
factured by the Yawman & Erbe Manufac-
turing Co. are used in the book order
work, a black indicator being used for rush
books and a brass indicator for out-of-print
books. In the case of rush books, the top
of the card is divided into four divisions
for the four weeks of the month. Each
July, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
519
card so marked is brought out for attention
every Tuesday. With out-of-print books the
top of the card is divided into four divi-
sions, in which are written the names of
the months. A new quotation is asked for,
every four months, of different dealers.
The reference department of the St. Louis
Public Library has adopted the use of bright
stars upon book labels to indicate the proper
shelving of the reference books. A red star
indicates that the book belongs on the open
shelves in the main reference room, a blue
star indicates that it belongs in the art room,
a green star in the applied science room,
and the absence of a star indicates that it
belongs in the stacks.
At the St. Louis Public Library the steel
signal guides which were shown in the ex-
hibit are used for the periodical check-list
follow-up work. The periodical record in-
cludes about i, 800 titles, and 125 sets of
the steel clips, numbered from I to 31 in-
clusive for the days of the month, are used
in connection with the system. One of these
clips is placed on the card for each magazine,
indicating the date on which that magazine
should be received. Each day the check list
is gone over, and periodicals due on that
day and not received are noted. For ex-
ample, if it is the 21 st of the month, the
check cards are examined and 21 is watched
for. A slip is placed behind each card with
the sign 21 on it if the periodical has not
been received. Not later than three days
thereafter notices of non-receipt are sent.
A classified issue chute is used in St.
Louis for sorting cards. This chute is a
wooden tray \6l/2 in. high, 13 in. wide and
3^ in. deep, which stands upright on a
solid wooden base, 2 in. in height and ex-
tending slightly beyond the base of the tray
on all sides in order to make it stable. The
tray is divided vertically through the cen-
ter by a partition the depth of the tray.
On each side of this are seven shelves,
placed so as to form compartments, which
are varied in size to allow more space for
the more popular classes. Each compart-
ment is labeled with a class number fol-
lowing the order of the statistics sheet. The
chute stands on the issue desk at the right
of the assistant, and as books are issued
the book cards are put into the compartment
which corresponds with the class number.
Thus the book cards need to be handled but
once in making out a classified issue report,
as they are already sorted and need only
be counted.
A similar chute is used in St. Louis for
alphabetizing cards, although it can be used
only for arranging under the initial letter
of the first word. This chute is a light
wooden box, 21 in. long, 18 in. wide and
4^2 in. deep. It is divided lengthwise by
two partitions and crosswise by five, form-
ing eighteen compartments of equal size
(3 x $y-2 x 4l/2 ) . Each compartment will re-
ceive at least eighty standard size cards.
Pasted in the center of the back wall of
each compartment is a white label with a
letter of the alphabet in black, I in. in
length. The eighteen compartments are
made to serve the twenty-six letters of the
alphabet by grouping together letters which
are infrequently used. As the result of an
efficiency experiment made a year or so ago,
it was found that the greatest efficiency in
alphabetizing was gained by resting the base
of the box about 6 in. above one's knees
and tilting the box from the base at an
angle of 135 degrees. It was found that the
average time was nine minutes for 500
cards. The maximum time consumed was
fourteen minutes, the minimum was five
minutes.
The card sorting board used in the card
section of the Library of Congress was
shown in the exhibit. Specifications for
making this board will be furnished by the
Library of Congress on request. The board
is extremely useful when a large number of
cards are to be sorted. It can be used for
sorting to the third letter. After the third
letter it is better to handle the cards on a
table.
The Copyright Office of the Library of
Congress sent a very valuable collection of
cards, forms and certificates used in the
work of the copyright office for various
purposes. This display showed in very con-
venient form the applications for copyright
registration, the methods of indexing regis-
trations, the cataloging of works de-
posited, the accounting for copyright fees,
the reports on searches made, and other
processes in the work of the office.
The Chicago Public Library has instituted
a new system to enable borrowers to take
520
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[July, 1914
full advantage of the new book post. Any
registered borrower, upon depositing one
dollar to cover the cost of mailing books,
may participate in the parcel post service.
A receipt card is furnished the borrower
and the various charges for postage are
punched on this card, so that it will at all
times show the balance to the credit of the
borrower. The loan period of two weeks
begins on the date of mailing, not the date
of arrival. In like manner the loan period
ends on the date of return mailing, and not
the date of the arrival of the book at the
library. Responsibility for losses or dam-
ages in transportation is borne by the bor-
rower. Shipment of books is made only when
the card accompanies the order, and no
book will be mailed from the library unless
the balance remaining on deposit is suffi-
cient to cover all charges. When the bal-
ance falls below ten cents the borrower is
notified of the fact. Samples of the receipt
card and of the accompanying instructions
will be sent by the Chicago Public Library
to any who are interested.
A great deal has been written in recent
years on the subject of scientific manage-
ment in the commercial world, much of it
possessing great value and some, written
by people who have taken up "scientific
management" as the latest popular fad, of
little value. The introduction of scientific
management as a fad in library work would
be very deplorable. All serious efforts,
however, which have been made to increase
the efficiency of library administration are
of great importance. In many libraries new
devices have been discovered, or new uses
for old devices, and many little time-saving
short cuts have been devised. Some librarians
have even conducted somewhat elaborate
time studies and efficiency tests of various
kinds. Reports on many things of this kind
are occasionally made, by notes in the li-
brary papers, but they have not been made
the subject of the special study which they
deserve. The writer hopes that some time
an effort may be made — more successful
than the recent attempt and on a much
greater scale — to ascertain all that has been
done to secure a truly scientific management
of libraries.
The importance of the proper use of
mechanical labor-saving devices in library
work needs no argument. The result of the
recent exhibit, however, will be only tempo-
rary and not as far-reaching as it should be
unless it is followed by an effort among li-
brarians of the country not only to make use
in their libraries of the devices with which
they happen to become acquainted, but also
to make generally known any new devices
or methods devised by them or coming to
their knowledge in any way. Granting, as
every one will, that efficiency in the admin-
istration of the library is of very great im-
portance, hardly second to the need for effi-
ciency at the loan desk or the reference desk,
it seems evident that the need of co-opera-
tion is in no part of library work greater
than in regard to the devices and the meth-
ods which so greatly influence the efficiency
of administration.
, C. SEYMOUR THOMPSON,
Assistant Librarian,
District of Columbia Public Library.
NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIA-
TION PROGRAM
FOLLOWING is the tentative program of the
Library Department of the National Edu-
cation Association, whose convention is to
be held in Saint Paul, Minn., July 4 to n,
1914:
Wednesday morning, July 8. Joint Meeting with
National Council of Teachers of English.
1. Cultural possibilities of the school and college
library.
2. The library's debt to culture. Mr. M. S. Dud-
geon, secretary Wisconsin Library Commission,
Madison.
3. The list of books for home reading of high school
pupils; a symposium of experiences, led by Miss
May McKitrick, assistant principal, East Tech-
nical High School, Cleveland, Ohio.
Wednesday afternoon, July 8, at the University
Farm. Rural School Libraries.
1. The country child in the school library. Mrs.
Josephine Corliss Preston, state superintendent
of public instruction, Olympia, Washington.
2. The library in the rural school:
(a) The book: Report of the committee upon
standard foundation library for a rural
school. Miss Harriet A. Wood, supervisor
of school libraries, Library Association,
Portland, Oregon; and Mr. Walter Barnes,
State Normal School, Glenville, West Vir-
(b) The teacher: Report of the committee upon
the training of the rural teacher to know
and use the school library. Miss Delia G.
Ovitz, librarian, State Normal School, Mil-
waukee, Wisconsin; and Miss Mabel Carney,
State Normal University, Normal, Illinois.
(c) The community: Report of the committee
upon community service from the rural
school library. Miss Elizabeth B. Wales,
secretary, Missouri Library Commission,
Jefferson City, Missouri; and Mr. T. N.
Carver, U. S. Department of Agriculture,
Washington, D. C.
3. Business: Appointment of committees.
July, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
521
Thursday, July p. Joint Meeting with the Minnesota
Library Association.
9:00 a. m., House Chamber, The Capitol,
i. The newspaper morgue, the library, and the
school. Dr. W. Dawson Johnston, librarian, Pub-
lic Library, St. Paul, Minnesota.
a. Libraries and schools; educational co-operation.
Willis H. Kerr, librarian, State Normal School,
Emporia, Kansas.
3. Normal school training in library methods. Miss
Delia G. Ovitz, librarian, State Normal School,
Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
4. The county library and the rural problem, Mrs.
P. P. Claxton, Washington, D. C.
5. Visit the Minnesota State Capitol.
2:30 p. m.
i. Visit the Twin City libraries.
6:30 p. m.
Dinner for visiting librarians, by courtesy of the
Minnesota Library Association.
Friday afternoon, July 10. High School Libraries.
1. A normal budget for a high school library; figures,
experiences and ideals.
2. Successful books in vocational guidance.
3. High school branches of public libraries.
4. Business: Reports of committees. Election of
officers.
SCHOOL LIBRARY EXHIBIT
The school library exhibit prepared by
the United States Bureau of Education as
a permanent traveling exhibit, and first
shown at Washington in May during the
conference of the American Library Asso-
ciation, will be shown at Saint Paul during
the N. E. A. There will also be special
library exhibits at the Saint Paul Public
Library.
SEND YOUR NAME TO SAINT PAUL
Librarians and all interested in library
work are asked to indicate their intention to
attend the Saint Paul meetings. Send your
name to Miss Martha Wilson, State Depart-
ment of Education, Saint Paul, Minn.
LOS ANGELES PUBLIC LIBRARY IN
NEW QUARTERS
ON June i the Los Angeles (Cal.) Public
Library was opened for service in its new
quarters in the Metropolitan building, in the
heart of the city's business district. Al-
though an independent central library build-
ing— long needed and long desired — is still
a creation for the future, the library now
for the first time in its history occupies
quarters especially designed for library ser-
vice and adapted, so far as possible, to the
best modern requirements of library admin-
istration, and its removal is therefore an
event of importance in the history of libra-
ries on the Pacific Coast. As has been pre-
viously noted in the JOURNAL, the new
quarters consist of the three upper floors
of a recently completed office building at
Fifth street and Broadway. The problem
of adaptation was, therefore, similar to that
faced by the Cleveland Public Library au-
thorities last year, and these two libraries
now offer interesting examples of what may
be termed concentrated modern library plan-
ning under office-building conditions.
On the lowest of the three library floors
— the seventh — are grouped the administra-
tive and business activities. Here are the
offices of the librarian and assistant libra-
rian, the order, receiving, cataloging, and
branch divisions, and two public depart-
ments— the children's room, in a large, well
lighted corner room ; and the newspaper and
magazine reading room. In the latter of-
fice space for the head of department and
staff is so arranged as to give full supervi-
sion, and excellent facilities for filing and
routine work.
The eighth floor, devoted to the circula-
tion and reference departments, has been
admirably planned for efficiency and con-
venience. The circulation department, large,
lighted from above by skylight, with central
delivery desk, has a mezzanine floor, reached
by side stairways, where are installed the
various special collections, each in charge
of a reference librarian. The general cir-
culating collection is on open stacks ranged
around the sides of the delivery room and
freely accessible to the public; the infor-
mation desk, prominently placed, directly
faces the delivery desk, and during busy
hours special assistants are detailed for ser-
vice "on the floor," to give information,
help and general oversight to the public.
The reference room occupies the Broadway
frontage, entrance being through the circu-
lation department. It is large, excellently
lighted, and well arranged; connected with
it is a teachers' department, for reference
and study. The special reference collec-
tions, as already noted, are on the mezza-
nine (or ninth) floor, and among these are
three new departments — the departments of
sociology, of industry, and of art and music.
As outside access to both circulating and
reference departments is had only through
the main entrance of the circulation room,
with turnstile and automatic gates, loss of
books from these two departments should
be reduced to a minimum, despite the free
access given to the entire collection.
522
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[July, 1914
On the ninth floor also are quarters for
the Pacific Library Binding Company, which
has a five-year contract to do the library's
work ; and a lecture room for the use of the
library training class. There is a well-
equipped kitchen and lunchroom for the
staff, and an attractive staff restroom.
Public service at the main library in its
former quarters was suspended for the week
of May 25-30, pending process of removal,
which, including holidays, occupied eight
days. The system of moving, carefully
planned in advance, was similar to that em-
ployed in moving the New York Public
Library, and all details were carried out
with entire success. All the shelves in the
new quarters were given a definite desig-
nation and the boxes were labeled to cor-
respond before leaving the old shelves;
plans were drawn locating every article in
the new departments, and as it was moved
each article was labeled in accordance with
the plan. It was necessary to purchase new
furniture and fittings for several of the de-
partments. On June I, the day the library
opened for service, there was an attendance
of 20,000 persons — not sightseers, but library
users — eager to resume the interrupted
service.
CARNEGIE CORPORATION LIBRARY
GIFTS— MAY, 1914
ORIGINAL GIFTS, UNITED STATES
Britton, South Dakota $7-500
Brookport, Illinois 5,000
Commerce, Texas 10,000
Edgewood, Pennsylvania 12,500
Exeter, California 5,ooo
Franklinville, New York (Part
cost) 2,200
Gatesville, Texas 7,500
Kirklin, Indiana (Town and
Township) 7,500
Midland, Pennsylvania 20,000
Mitchell Town and Marion Town-
ship, Indiana 15,000
Niobrara County, Wyoming 11,000
St. Paul, Minnesota (Three
branches) 75,ooo
Santa Barbara, California 50,000
South San Francisco, California. . 10,000
Wharton, Texas 8,000
$246,200
INCREASES, UNITED STATES
Big Horn County, Wyoming
(Subsidence damage) $2,500
Cincinnati, Ohio 6,000
Cresco, Iowa (To provide for sur-
rounding townships) 7,5oo
Lawrenceburg, Indiana 3,000
Plymouth, Wisconsin 4,400
$23,400
ORIGINAL GIFTS, CANADA
Fort Frances, Ontario $10,000
Norwich, Ontario 7,000
$17,000
OTHER GIFTS, ORIGINAL
Frankton Junction, Auckland, New
Zealand ^1,500
OTHER GIFTS, INCREASES
Hope Town, Cape Colony, South
Africa (Earthquake damage) . . £100
Hmerican Xfbran? Bssocfatfon
THIRTY - SIXTH ANNUAL MEETING,
WASHINGTON, MAY 25-29, 1914.
THE thirty-sixth ' annual meeting of the
American Library Association was held in
Washington, D. C, May 25-29. Headquarters
were in the New Willard Hotel, where most
of the sectional meetings were held, although
a few sections met in the New Ebbitt, across
the street. The general sessions were held in
Continental Hall, the beautiful home of the
D. A. R. on Seventeenth street. Over 1,200
had registered by Thursday, making the rec-
ord of attendance (as well as the record of
temperature) surpass all previous conferences.
Though undeniably hot in Washington dur-
ing much of the conference week, we are
assured that all of the preceding weeks of
May were delightfully cool, and that the cool
weather which began on the afternoon of May
29 continued the following week, so that com-
fort required an extra blanket at night. Had
the dates of the conference been fixed for a
week earlier or a week later, not even Seattle
would have been able to throw stones at the
climate.
A new feature this year was the excellent
exhibit of labor-saving devices, held in the
Public Library of the District. About two-
thirds of the second floor was given over to
the exhibit, which included both labor-
saving devices proper, and general library
furniture and equipment. There were sixty-
July, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
523
three exhibitors, and the various kinds of
devices shown included not only the higher
priced articles, but also those less expensive.
Mr. C. Seymour Thompson, who had charge
of the assembling of material, has prepared
an article describing the exhibit in some de-
tail, which is printed elsewhere in the JOURNAL.
There was no official post-conference trip
this year, not enough people registering in
advance to guarantee the necessary arrange-
ments. A score or so, however, did go down
to Old Point Comfort either Friday or Satur-
day night, and after a brief stay there some
of them went on up the James river to Rich-
mond, following the itinerary suggested for
the post-conference trip.
There were only four general sessions this
year instead of the usual six. Three of these
were held in the evening and the last one on
Friday afternoon. In addition, twenty-one
sectional meetings were held, and the program,
coupled with the distractions offered by Wash-
ington with its 137 libraries, its public build-
ings, and its historic landmarks, provided occu-
pation for every waking moment.
On Thursday evening the librarians of the
District of Columbia gave a reception and
dance in the ballroom of the New Willard,
which, in spite of the heat, was a most de-
lightful affair. The Washington librarians
were assisted by the A. L. A. entertainment
committee, which consisted of the following:
Mr. Howard L. Hughes, chairman, Miss Ono
Mary Imhoff, Mr. Henry N. Sanborn, Miss
Pearl I. Field, Miss Caroline Webster and
Mr. F. B. Spaulding. All through the week the
students and alumni of the various library
schools were holding luncheons and dinners,
which proved to be the most satisfactory way
for friends to meet. Indeed, one of the chief
disadvantages of holding a conference in a
large city was felt to be the difficulty people
had in finding each other.
Election of officers for the coming year
was held on Thursday, and the following were
elected :
President — H. C. Wellman, librarian,
Springfield City Library Association.
First vice-president— W. N. C. Carlton,
librarian, Newberry Library, Chicago.
Second vice-president — Mary L. Titcomb,
librarian, Washington County Free Library,
Hagerstown, Md.
Members of executive board (for three
years) — J. T. Jennings, librarian, Seattle
(Wash.) Public Library, and Mary W. Plum-
mer, director, Library School, New York Pub-
lic Library.
Members of the council (for five years) —
Adam Strohm, librarian, Detroit (Mich.) Pub-
lic Library; W. R. Watson, chief, division of
educational extension, New York State Li-
brary, Albany; Corinne Bacon, librarian,
Drexel Institute Free Library, Philadelphia;
Andrew Keogh, reference librarian, Yale Uni-
versity; Effie L. Power, supervisor children's
work, St. Louis (Mo.) Public Library.
Trustees of endowment fund (for three
years)— W. W. Appleton, New York City;
(for one year) M. Taylor Pyne, trustee,
Princeton University.
FIRST GENERAL SESSION
Herbert Putnam, the head of the Library
of Congress, opened the first general session
Monday evening with a few words of greeting.
He said that Washington, following its usual
policy, had issued no special invitation to the
A. L. A. to meet there, feeling that such an
invitation would be a presumption on the part
of a city which is the political home of every
citizen. He heartily welcomed the members
of the Association, however, and felt certain
that every librarian present. would find inspi-
ration in the natural beauties of the city as
well as in its libraries.
Edwin H. Anderson, director of the New
York Public Library and president of the
association, made the response to Dr. Put-
nam's welcome, and immediately afterwards
launched upon his annual address, which he
called "The tax on ideas," and in which he
inveighed strongly against the system which
has resulted in excluding from America by the
tariff wall much of the best of the literary
production of the rest of the world. The
president's address is, as usual, reprinted else-
where in this issue.
Following Mr. Anderson, Dr. Bostwick gave
the report of the committee on library admin-
istration, which had in charge the preparation
of the exhibit of labor-saving devices.
H. H. B. Meyer, chief bibliographer of the
Library of Congress, had prepared a handbook
of the 137 libraries of the District, telling in
connection with each the main facts of its
history, together with its regulations and re-
sources. Much of this information he repeated
at this meeting, illustrating his talk with stere-
opticon slides, thus furnishing at the outset
and in the most interesting way just the infor-
mation the visiting librarians needed to help
them spend their time in the city to the best
advantage.
SECOND GENERAL SESSION
At the second session on Tuesday evening
the reports of several of the committees were
distributed in printed form instead of being
read. A second and very popular distribution
at this meeting was made by the Seattle dele-
524
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[July, 1914
gallon, who gave a rose to each person present,
with the compliments of the Seattle Commer-
cial Club. The financial report was read by
Dr. Andrews of the John Crerar Library, and
Dr. Hill read a report on the preparation and
installation of the A. L. A. exhibit at Leipzig,
quoting from a letter from Mr. Koch, in which
the latter described his reception by the King
of Saxony, and the opening of the exhibit.
The sum of $4,275 was furnished for this ex-
hibit by 131 subscribers. Jn addition, the Li-
brary Bureau provided furniture to the value
of $300, and publishers of children's books
made generous donations. The material for
the exhibit filled 43 crates and boxes when
shipped.
Mr. Legler read the following minutes on
the death of Dr. Thwaites, and Mr. R. R.
Bowker made the motion that the meeting, by
a rising vote, accept the report:
REUBEN GOLD THWAITES
Many men achieve success by consistent applica-
tion in one direction; some can do many things indif-
ferently well; few possess that creative power which
invests whatever they undertake with signal distinc-
tion. Dr. Reuben Gold Thwaites had the rare combina-
tion of qualities which enabled him to pursue many
and varied interests with marked success. From boyhood
to the termination of his full and busy life, whatever
came to him to do, he performed with marked ability
and a judgment that compelled success. Each suc-
cessive experience was but the preparation for some-
thing broader to follow. As a young man working
his way through college, by teaching school and
performing farm labor during intervals, and later
as a newspaper correspondent and editor, he sharp-
ened those qualities of natural sagacity and judg-
ment which were to prove so productive in the fields
of usefulness and honor which later engaged his
thought and labor. Succeeding Dr. Lyman C. Draper
as superintendent of the Wisconsin State Historical
Society, he brought his natural abilities as an admin-
istrator and organizer to the task of making gener-
ally useful a vast and important mass of historical
materials accumulated by his predecessor and per-
force left without orderly arrangement, just as the
miscellaneous collection had been gathered. Dr.
Thwaites not only added with keen scholarly instinct
to this great collection so as to give it balance and
completeness in its own field, but developed and
stimulated the historic interests of his constituency
until the society became the leading organization of
its kind in the Middle West, and one of the most
active and enterprising in the country. The interest
thus awakened found expression in the splendid
library building which eventually housed the great
collection, besides offering hospitality to the library
of the great University of the State.
Not only were the riches of the Historical Society
rendered freely available to scholars and writers,
but Dr. Thwaites gave to many of the documents of
major importance the impress of his editorial capacity.
The published volumes which bear his name as editor
or author are unsurpassed for sound scholarship and
forceful interpretation.
As a librarian, too, Dr. Thwaites achieved dis-
tinction. His election as president of the American
Library Association, in 1809, was a well-merited rec-
ognition of leadership in the profession. Numerous
contributions to the library press on vital subjects
bear testimony of his interest and his versatility.
His intimate friend and associate, Prof. F. J. Turner,
of Harvard University, thus summarized his achieve-
ments at a memorial meeting of the Historical
Society:
"His activities touched every aspect of the social
and scholarly life of his time. He was an active
member of the Free Library Commission; he was sec-
retary of the Wisconsin History Commission that has
already published nine valuable volumes on the Civil
War. He lectured on history in the university. He
wrote the standard history or Wisconsin, of Madison,
of the university, of his lodge, and of the Madison
Literary Club. He was influential in the work of
the City Hospital, the University Club, the Unitar-
ian Church. He was a pillar of strength in the
American Library Association, the American His-
torical Association and the Bibliographical Society
of America. With all his special duties, he pro-
duced a volume of scholarship that would have filled
an active life that had no other duties. His books
of travel in England and on the Ohio are charming
specimens of their type. His Jesuit relations com-
prise 73 volumes of French, Latin and Italian docu-
ments. His early western travels run to 32 volumes,
and he brought out the definitive edition of the jour-
nals of Lewis and Clark. As America grows older,
more and more it exhibits a tendency to turn back to
the heroic age of its explorers and pioneers. In his-
torical pageants, mural decorations, sculpture, poetry,
and in all the aesthetic use of historical symbols may
be seen the growing appreciation by the nation of its
remote past. By these editions, which constitute the
sources of the early history of Canada, the middle
west, the Missouri valley, and the Pacific north-
west, Dr. Thwaites made himself the editorial author-
ity to whom the student must turn if he will study
this great age of American development. In the
course of a little over a quarter of a century he
wrote some fifteen books, edited and published about
168 other books, and wrote more than a hundred
articles and addresses."
This is but a brief and incomplete record of his
public and professional service. Of his personal
qualities, they can speak best — and they are many
in number — who experienced his generous aid to the
beginner, his kindly and valuable counsel to all who
sought it, his patient consideration for all who were
in trouble or distress, his friendly attitude to asso-
ciates and subordinates, and his social charm in the
intimacy of home and neighborly circles.
HENRY E. LEGLER,
VICTOR H. PALTSITS,
CHARLES H. GOULD,
Committee,
The first address of the evening was by
Dr. J. Franklin Jameson, on "The need of a
national archive building." He showed by
striking examples the evils of the present
situation, and he pointed to the erection of a
national archive building as the only satis-
factory remedy. At the present time the United
States government is paying an annual rental
of from $40,000 to $50,000 for warehouses,
unsuitable at best, in which to store its public
documents. For $1,500,000 the finest archive
building in the world, containing 3,000,000 cubic
feet and with possibility of extension to 9,000,-
ooo cubic feet, could be erected. Dr. Jameson
said Congress, in the public buildings act of
March 4, 1913, authorized the secretary of the
treasury to make plans for such a building,
but no money was appropriated for making
plans. A clause appropriating the needed
sum in the sundry civil appropriation bill is
now before the House committee on appro-
priations. Dr. Jameson said advantage should
be taken of European experience and advice,
Europe having naturally had much longer and
more varied experience in archive construc-
tion than America. He also dwelt upon the
need of having ultimately an archival organi-
zation, for which, indeed, provision should be
made before the building is finished.
July, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
525
Dr. Jameson's paper was discussed by Gail-
lard Hunt, chief of the division of manu-
scripts of the Library of Congress, and by
Victor H. Paltsits, chairman of the Public
Archives Commission of the American His-
torical Association. Mr. Hunt felt that the
European practice of separating library and
archives is a weakness and is liable, at least,
to provoke competition rather than co-opera-
tion. Given the archives to administer, the
Library of Congress would operate library and
archives together, and if one eventually swal-
lowed the other it would be no matter. Both
concerted action and individual importunity are
needed to reach the men on Capitol Hill who
have the power to change the present condi-
tions and to transfer control of archives from
its present scattered state into the hands of
one central agency. Mr. Paltsits said it will
be the business of the public archives com-
mission to stimulate the public conscience to
respect these monuments of the American peo-
ple. At present court records are kept best
because of the fact that courts exist in every
community and because the people can see the
money value of wills and title deeds.
"The library and the immigrant" was the
subject of the address by John Foster Carr,
director of the Immigrant Education Society
and enthusiast in the work of helping the for-
eign-born dwellers in our land to become good
American citizens. "No naturalized citizen can
ever be a good American," he said, "unless he
has first been a good Italian or German or
Greek — that is, unless he has the reverent in-
stinct of loyalty to the land of his birth."
There is no agency better fitted than the
library to give him reason for respecting and
loving our land. Here in a real American
environment he can find a welcome and a
respect for his own land. Every attempt made
by libraries to attract recent immigrants has
had unexpectedly large success. Through pa-
pers and books in his own language, the
library helps the immigrant to knowledge of
American conditions that make his daily living
easier, and raises its standard. It is helping
him to learn English that will improve his
working skill and wages, and reduce by one-
half, as English does, his liability to serious
industrial accident. This is the truth of the
practice as well as of theory.
The immigrant can be reached oftentimes
by the distribution, through societies and
clubs, trade unions and factories, drug, sta-
tionery and grocery stores, of attractive
lists of books and of circulars telling of
the existence and purpose of the library. The
public schools, both day and evening, are
also very helpful in spreading knowledge of
library privileges. Evening entertainments
including simple lectures, often illustrated by
the stereopticon, addresses by men of differ-
ent nationalities to those of their own speech,
concerts, and exhibitions of photographs, etc.,
have all been useful in attracting the foreigner
to the library building. As one of Mr. Carr's
Italian friends summed up American charac-
teristics, "Americans are not like us, of one
blood. They are a society of people who think
alike." And it is in helping the newly arrived
aliens to think like Americans that the libra-
ries have opening before them a broad field
of service.
Before introducing the next speaker, Mr.
Anderson took occasion to recommend to the
attention of all present, with his endorsement,
the new book which Mr. Carr has just pub-
lished, entitled "Immigrant and library: Ital-
ian helps," containing some of Mr. Carr's ad-
dresses, and lists of books in Italian which
are well adapted to library collections.
Dr. P. P. Claxton, United States commis-
sioner of education, was the last speaker of
the evening. He spoke on "Libraries for
rural communities." He said the duty of the
Bureau of Education was to give such in-
formation to the people of the United States
as would assist in establishing better schools
and in promoting education in general. In
this work librarians can help, for it is now
recognized that the library and school stand
on equal footing as educational factors. In
the cities of this country a child between the
ages of six and twenty-one, spends an aver-
age of about 5000 hours in school, while in
rural districts the number is reduced to 4000.
This leaves the city child 104,000 waking
hours, and the country child 105,000, when
other influences than the schools can be at
work. If in school hours the child can be
given a taste for good books and can form
the reading habit, he can go on all the rest
of his life acquiring true culture from his
books — provided he has access to the books.
One of the most important movements of
the last quarter century has been the growth
of the library movement. There are five times
the number of libraries there were twenty-
five years ago, but of the 3000 counties in
the country there are still 2200 having no li-
brary of more than 5000 volumes. Ninety
per cent, of the people in the open country,
who have the fewest outside distractions and
the most time to read, have no adequate book
supply.
Dr. Claxton urged the starting of a cam-
paign for the establishment of county libra-
ries at the county seats, which the whole
county should be taxed to support. Since it
526
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
{July, 1914
would be too costly to put in every library
all the books its patrons might desire, every
state should have a library for the use of the
whole state, not merely for the legislators at
the capital. To promote interest in this move-
ment for more county libraries, Dr. Claxton
pledged the help of the men sent out by the
Bureau of Education through the rural dis-
tricts.
THIRD GENERAL SESSION
At the third session, Wednesday evening,
Miss Ahern, editor of Public Libraries, made
a motion that a committee of five be appointed
by the executive board to consider the ad-
visibility of changes in the Council, the com-
mittee to report to the Council at its winter
meeting. Miss Ahern feels that the Council,
with its present membership of nearly a hun-
dred, has become so large as to be unwieldy.
Her suggestion is that membership in the
Council be confined to the ex-presidents of
the Association, the executive board, and rep-
resentatives of the affiliated associations.
Air. Anderson then introduced Mr. Arthur
Hastings Grant of Elizabeth, N. J. Mr. Grant's
father, Mr. S. Hastings Grant, was the
secretary at the first library meeting held in
this country, which met in New York in 1853,
under the leadership of Chas C. Jewett. In
1912 Mr. Grant presented to the Association
what he believed to be all the letters and
papers left by his father, relating to this meet-
ing. Quite recently he accidentally discovered
the notebook which had been used for an
attendance register at the 1853 meeting, con-
taining the autograph signatures of all pres-
ent, and this book he had carried to Wash-
ington to give to the Association. Besides
the names of those in attendance, the book
contains the list of libraries represented and
the hotels at which the members stayed.
Following Mr. Grant's presentation of the
register, Mr. Anderson withdrew, turning
over the meeting to Mr. Hiller C. Wellman
as presiding officer. The first paper was by
Mr. Charles Knowles Bolton of the Boston
Athenaeum, who spoke on "The present
trend." He said that George Ticknor sounded
the keynote in 1849, when he declared his
belief that the new Boston Public Library
should furnish popular literature for all in
sufficient duplication that all who wished
might read, and that these books should be
freely circulated, not kept for study purposes
alone. Mr. Bolton then gave a concise re-
view of library progress in the past half cen-
tury. He believes the modern large public
library building has reached the high-water
mark of centralization, and from now on
more attention will be given to developing
branches. Special attention should be paid to
providing good literature rather than the new-
est books. It is significant that the new
Widener Library at Harvard is to have a
"standard" library. Mr. Bolton advocates
county work and a house-to-house delivery,
especially in crowded suburbs. In the really
rural districts he thinks such delivery would
tend to isolate the farmer still more. More
work must be done in the business sections
of cities. While legislative reference work has
evident advantages, Mr. Bolton foresees a pos-
sible disadvantage in the formation of such
a perpetual bureau of experts who may have
an undue influence on the laws. In conclu-
sion, the speaker considered the question
whether the present system of preparation did
not devote too little study to the personality
of the student, and train for clerical and so-
ciological work rather than for leadership.
Following Mr. Bolton, Miss Katharine H.
Wootten read an excellent paper on "Recent
library development in the South."
"The development of the modern library
movement in the South has been continuous,"
she said, "and it is keeping pace with the
great commercial progress of the South.
Southern conservatism, with its aversion to
paternalism, has finally accepted the free pub-
lic library as a necessary educational institu-
tion, as is shown in the establishment of ap-
proximately ninety-one libraries in the twelve
Southern states since 1907, representing an
expenditure of more than $1,500,000. A trib-
ute to the vitality of the public library move-
ment has been the winning over to its side of
the older generations of educated citizens, men
and women.
"The subscription libraries to which they
had been accustomed to go to supplement
their own collections of books were quiet,
roomy places in charge of some chosen ac-
quaintance, and it was rather hard to readjust
themselves to the new order of things, which
supplemented the old familiar alcoves with
strange and uncanny devices ; which gave, in-
stead of the old familiar printed book list,
an unfamiliar card catalog; and in place of
the well known friend of former days, sev-
eral businesslike young women, firm in ask-
ing incomprehensible questions.
"Since the establishment of the library
school in Atlanta in 1905 ninety-two young
women have been graduated, and of the sev-
enty-five still engaged in library work, fifty-
six are holding positions in Southern libraries.
And so the influence of the trained librarian
is spreading and it is an exception for a
small Southern town to develop library in-
July, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
527
terest without calling into consultation the
nearest experienced library worker."
Miss Wootten concluded her paper with a
detailed statement of the development of the
modern library movement in each of the
Southern states, giving statistical data of the
number of libraries, number of librarians and
the amounts each has expended in library
extension.
Mr. Robert W. De Forest, who was ex-
pected to speak on "The educational work of
the American Federation of Arts," was un-
able to be present, and his place was taken by
Mr. Henry W. Kent, secretary of the Metro-
politan Museum of Art.
Mr. Kent emphasized the importance of ex-
hibitions of art and the advisability of show-
ing in them the best art available. The Amer-
ican Federation of Arts stands ready to aid
any library in its desire to bring the best
things in art to the people of its community;
for the federation, taking advantage of its
unusual opportunity, has assembled collec-
tions carefully selected by experts, and in-
cluding, with other objects, paintings, sculp-
ture, small bronzes and medals and craft
work, and these are sent out upon application
to the smaller cities and towns and there in-
stalled at a comparatively small expense to
the institution borrowing them.
Miss Leila Mechlin, secretary of the federa-
tion, showed the work of the federation, with
the help of the stereopticon. "It was," she
said, "in response to the request of a public
library in Fort Worth, Tex., that the first
traveling exhibition was sent out by the Amer-
ican Federation of Arts. This was about five
years ago. During the present year the fed-
eration has sent out no less than twenty-three
exhibitions of art which have gone to 114
places, and have been seen by more than 300,-
ooo persons. Many of them have been shown
in galleries of public libraries."
Miss Mechlin told also of how the Ameri-
can Federation of Arts co-operates with pub-
lic libraries in disseminating knowledge of art
through its lectures and its publications. Arts
and Progress, a monthly illustrated magazine,
and the American Art Annual, a general di-
rectory of art. In conclusion, she laid empha-
sis upon the interrelation of the arts and upon
the splendid work the libraries are doing to
open vistas for the public not only along the
great highway of literature, but in the great
field of art. Miss Mechlin's article on the
same subject in the LIBRARY JOURNAL for Jan-
uary may be recalled.
FOURTH GENERAL SESSION
The last general session was called Friday
afternoon. A telegram from Seattle caused
some laughter, for after stating that the tem-
perature Wednesday noon was 53 degrees and
Thursday noon was 63 degrees, it invited the
A. L. A. to come to a cool place for its con-
ference in 1915.
It had been hoped the Postmaster General,
Albert S. Burleson, would be able to address
the conference on "The parcel post, and par-
ticularly the further prospect with reference
to books," but he was called out of the city
at one o'clock. Mr. Anderson announced,
however, that in an interview between some of
the A. L. A. and Mr. Burleson the preceding
day, assurance had been given that the post-
office department was in. sympathy with the
wishes of the A. L. A. and would co-operate
with the Association to the extent of its
power.
W. N. C. Carlton, librarian of the New-
berry Library of Chicago, took for his sub-
ject "Prestige." He urged a return to classi-
cal education and training in the humanities
for librarians.
Mr. Carlton deplored the loss of prestige
suffered by the learned professions through
modern tendencies; pointed out the necessity
of establishing a prestige for the profession
of librarian through a return to the classical
and broad training, which formerly lent
prestige to the learned professions. "We
have a natural relationship with the historic
professions of theology, law and teaching, but
much of a once great moral and intellectual
prestige has been lost," he said. "It may not
be surprising, therefore, if we have failed to
achieve prestige in a time when these more
ancient, but allied professions have been des-
perately struggling to save a remnant of
theirs.
"The truth is that the time spirit in a mood
of cruel irony has let loose on our age to a
degree and extent hitherto unknown in mod-
ern history, a succession of extremely destruc-
tive tendencies. These are a general floutine
of authority in matters political, intellectual,
spiritual and social; the rejection of discipline,
mental and moral; an inordinate passion for
the physical enjoyment of the present moment,
and a stubborn belief in the utilitarian or
materialistic test for all things.
"We are fond of saying that librarians and
library work are an important part of the
educational machinery of society and that their
aims and purposes are complementary to those
of the teaching profession.
"If we believe this, we, together with the
other professions which represent authority,
spirituality and learning, must labor for the
complete re-establishment of the power and
prestige of religion, law and the humanities.
528
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[July, 1914
And, to be effective aids, librarians should
have a prestige of their own which the social
mind shall instinctively recognize and respect."
Mr. Carlton pointed to Herbert Putnam, li-
brarian of the Congressional Library, as an
example of his ideal.
•'It may not be unfitting," he said, "for me
to express the conviction that America to-day
possesses one national institution whose pres-
tige as a seat of learning has been created
and made international by the vision and
agency of one man, Herbert Putnam."
Mr. Carlton urged that the course of study
for librarians should be more in line with the
classical education of a generation ago. It
should include Greek, as the key to our most
precious inheritance — freedom in all its forms ;
Latin, for the wide horizon it gives; philoso-
phy, the study of how men think and reason ;
modern European languages, of prime im-
portance as working tools ; mathematics, the
key to the temple of learning and assimilated
knowledge; history, which is to time what
geography is to space; and lastly, the study of
literature, the chief ornament of humanity.
From such a training would result a broad
humanism most useful to the librarian. In
this advance of standards and increase of
prestige the college and university librarian
should lead all the rest, instead of being, as
at present, the most backward.
The session closed with readings from re-
cent fiction by Miss Agnes Van Valkenburgh,
an instructor in the Library School of the
New York Public Library.
She said : "Charming essays have been
written on the subject of fiction reading;
many and furious have been the battles over
the fitness of special books for our shelves;
compilation of figures on the proportion of
fiction which we circulate have been made
from the more or less veracious figures found
in our annual reports, but too little of our
time is spent in the consideration of books
themselves.
"The novel should 'hold the mirror up to
nature,' but many of the recent works re-
mind one of the stout lady before the tailor's
triplicate mirror, where she sees many re-
flections, but all painful."
A plea was made for the fuller considera-
tion of the book in library meetings rather
than for exhaustive discussions of the ma-
chinery by which books may be circulated,
and she said librarians with a comprehension
and love of books might serve a very useful
purpose as leaven in most communities.
"Since fiction is the largest class drawn
from the public library it is fitting that some
consideration should be paid to novels on the
program. Only such have been selected as
people were willing to buy as well as read.
Each was for some time among the 'best sell-
ers,' and all have made much money for both
author and publisher, which, in America, spells
success."
The books quoted were Florence Barclay's
"Through the postern gate," Porter's "The
harvester," and E. H. Abbott's "The white
linen nurse." After reading the extracts
chosen, very little further comment was nec-
essary. The selections spoke for themselves.
SECRETARY'S REPORT
The secretary submitted his fourth annual
report on the work at the executive office and
the fifth report since the establishment of
headquarters in Chicago. Once more is re-
corded sincere appreciation of the excellent
quarters so generously and gratuitously fur-
nished to the Association by the directors of
the Chicago Public Library, which have been
occupied since the autumn of 1909. As hereto-
fore, free light, free heat, and free janitor
service have been supplied in addition to the
use of a large and commodious room contain-
ing 2,000 square feet of space. During the
past summer the walls and ceiling were cleaned
and redecorated by the library.
Work at the Executive Office.— The work at
headquarters has been conducted along similar
lines as in previous years. Activities may be
roughly grouped as follows :
(a) Editing and publishing the official Bul-
letin, issued bi-monthly, through which the
membership is kept informed of the plans and
work of the Association and its committees.
(b) Editing and publishing the A. L. A.
Booklist, a monthly guide to the selection and
purchase of the best of the current books.
(c) Publishing and sale of all publications
of the Association.
(d) Correspondence on all phases of library
work, the executive office acting, so far as it
is able, as a clearing house of library informa-
tion.
(e) Co-operation with the Association com-
mittees, library commissions, state library asso-
ciations and library clubs and other national
educational and civic associations.
(/) Promoting better library architecture by
collecting and loaning plans of library build-
ings.
(g) Promoting general publicity of the aims
and activities of the Association and library
work at large.
Section (d), Correspondence, has been by
far the heaviest single feature of the work,
and very properly so. During the year about
21,000 letters have been mailed from the office,
mm
IK
AMERICAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION — CONFERENCE A
MGTON, D. C., MAY 25-2Q, IQI4
Photograph by Frederick A. Schuts, Washington.
July, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
529
in addition to about 20,000 pieces of circular
matter, and the publications which were sold.
Membership. — When the "Handbook" was
printed last September there were 2,563 mem-
bers in the Association, of whom 372 were in-
stitutional, 2,087 personal, and the balance hon-
orary members, life fellows, or life members.
Since the first of the year special efforts have
been directed to library trustees in the en-
deavor to convince them that library member-
ship in the national Association for the libra-
ries in their care is desirable. This has re-
sulted in securing thus far 45 additional insti-
tutional members. About a dozen trustees
have joined the Association as a result of an
appeal sent out in March. Since the first of
the year 191 new personal members have been
enrolled, making a total of 236 new members,
institutional and personal, since the printing of
the 1913 "Handbook." Judging from the past
experience, from 100 to 150 will probably join
before the close of the Washington confer-
ence, and from 150 to 200 persons will allow
their membership to lapse. Thus the approxi-
mate number of members in the 1914 "Hand-
book" will probably.be about 2,750. We look
forward to the day when we shall have fully
3,000 members.
Publicity. — Increased efforts for publicity
have been made this past year. Mr. W. H.
Kerr, who is much interested in the subject,
presented, at request of the president and the
secretary, a report to the Council at their mid-
winter meeting. The president later appointed
a committee on publicity, consisting of Messrs.
F. C. Hicks, W. H. Kerr and G. F. Bowerman.
This committee has engaged an experienced
newspaper man who has aided in preparing
news material and getting it on the wires and
in the press, and who will serve the Associa-
tion until the close of the Washington confer-
ence. The executive board made an appro-
priation of $100 for publicity work at their
January meeting. The secretary has sent out
several circular letters to libraries asking co-
operation in securing news and in getting it
in the hands of the newspapers. The publicity
committee, through Dr. George F. Bowerman,
secured the preparation and publication of a
series of five syndicated articles on library
work, written by the well-known correspon-
dent, Frederic J. Haskin. Miss Plummer made
a plea at the Council meeting in January for a
campaign of publicity through magazines, and
we hope some magazine articles on library
work may result. In addition to these extra
features the secretary has as usual sent ma-
terial at various times to a selected list of
newspapers and periodicals throughout the
United States and Canada.
Field Work.— The field work of the secre-
tary during the past vear has included attend-
ance and addresses at the Ohio Library Asso-
ciation conference at Oberlin, October 7-10;
the North Carolina Library Association con-
ference at Washington, N. C., November 5-6;
the Arkansas Library Association meeting at
Pine Bluff, Ark., April 2-3; lectures on the
work of the Association to the University of
Illinois Library School, the Library School of
the Carnegie Library of Atlanta, the summer
library schools of the Connecticut Library
Commission, the Iowa Library Commission,
the University of Wisconsin, and to the Dis-
trict of Columbia Library Club; and several
informal talks in Chicago and vicinity.
Booklist. — The transference of the editorial
work of the A. L. A. Booklist from Madison
to the A. L. A. office in Chicago was made in
the summer of 1913, and by erecting suitable
partitions in the large room occupied by the
Association very comfortable and convenient
quarters have been provided.
Library Plans. — We need more plans of new
types of library buildings. Some effort has
been made by correspondence and direct per-
sonal request to secure these. The office will
appreciate and can use to advantage any good
plans which may be given.
Photographs. — The secretary has been mak-
ing an effort to secure a photograph of every
ex-president of the Association. Eleven have
been secured thus far, and these have been
framed and hung on the walls at headquar-
ters. Group pictures of eight or ten confer-
ences have also been donated, and these have
also been hung. Particular mention must be
made of the gift from Mr. Henry M. Utley
of framed groups of San Francisco, 1891 ;
Denver, 1895, and several other interesting
and valuable unframed photographs of early
conferences and post-conference parties.
Necrology. — The Association has lost by
death twelve members since the conference
of a year ago. The list includes two ex-presi-
dents of the Association; three prominent
library trustees, one of whom was a trustee
of the A. L. A. Endowment fund; a pioneer
in library commission and extension activities;
and others who had done faithful work in
their respective fields and who will long be
missed from our professional circle.
The list follows: Eliphalet Wickes Blatch-
ford, John L. Cadwalader, William George
Eakins, Frank Avery Hutchins, William C.
Kimball, Josephus Nelson Larned, Richard A.
La veil, Elizabeth Cheever Osborn (Mrs. Ly-
man P.), Joseph R. Parrott, Mary Abbie
Richardson, Reuben Gold Thwaites, and Wil-
liam Hopkins Tillinghast.
530
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[July, 1914
The following persons formerly belonged to
the Association, but were not members at the
time of their death :
Mrs. Martha H. G. Banks, Samuel A.
Binion, Marvin Davis Bisbee, Minta I. Dry-
den, Lucian Brainerd Gilmore, George W.
Peckham, William Marshall Stevenson, and
Philip R. Uhler.
GEORGE B. UTLEY, Secretary.
EXECUTIVE BOARD
A meeting of the Executive Board was held
on the afternoon of May 25 in the New
Willard Hotel. Besides President Anderson,
who presided, there were present Vice-presi-
dent Wellman, Messrs. Andrews, Carlton,
Graver and Putnam.
The nominating committee presemed its re-
port which was adopted by the Board as con-
stituting ihe official nominations. Mr. C. H.
Gould, Miss Elisa M. Willard and Mr. W. T.
Porter were appointed committee on resolu-
tions. Several matters of routine business
were also disposed of.
The following persons were named as offi-
cial delegates to the British Library Associa-
tion conference at Oxford : Dr. Herbert Put-
nam, Mr. R. R. Bowker, Dr. Frank P. Hill,
Mr. W. H. Brett, Mr. Killer C. Wellman, Mr.
Henry E. Legler, Mr. W. N. C. Carlton, Miss
M. E. Ahern, Mr. George H. Locke, Mr. J.
C. M. Hanson, Mr. C. F. D. Belden and Mr.
George B. Utley.
A second meeting was held May 29, at
which were present President Wellman (pre-
siding), Vice-presidents Carlton and Miss Tit-
comb, Miss Plummer and Messrs. Graver,
Putnam, and Jennings.
The Board voted to appoint a committee to
consider and report on the feasibility of pre-
paring and holding a library exhibit at the
Panama- Pacific Exposition at San Francisco
in 1915, the report of the committee and fur-
ther business resulting from its recommenda-
tions to be conducted through correspondence
vote of the Board. Dr. Frank P. Hill was ap-
pointed chairman with power to complete the
committee. Dr. Hill later named the follow-
ing persons to serve with him on this com-
mittee: Miss M. E. Ahern, Mr. J. C. Dana,
Mr. J. L. Gillis, and the secretary of the Asso-
ciation.
The chairman of the committee on code for
classifiers, Mr. William Stetson Merrill, pre-
sented as a report of progress, a booklet of
124 pages, mimeographed in a limited edition,
wherein were assembled more than three hun-
dred points of procedure for future considera-
tion by the committee. This collection of
data was issued to present, in a more specific
way than has hitherto been possible, the points
upon which it is desired to secure a fair con-
sensus of opinion from classifiers and libra-
rians.
In accordance with the vote of the Asso-
ciation at its meeting on May 27, it was voted
that the president appoint a committee of five
to consider the desirability of making any
amendments to the constitution, this commit-
tee to report to the Executive Board at the
next mid-winter meeting. The president ap-
pointed the following committee: Mr. N. D.
C. Hodges, Miss M. E. Ahern, Miss Alice S.
Tyler, Mr. G. M. Jones, and Dr. C. H. Gould.
It was voted that the question of appointing
standing committees on classification and cat-
aloging be referred to a committee appointed
by the president, this committee to report to
the Executive Board at the next mid-winter
meeting. The president appointed as chairman
of this committee, Mr. W. N. C. Carlton.
A report was received from the chairman of
the committee on cost and method of catalog-
ing, Mr. A. G. S. Josephson, which report was
accepted as a report of progress.
A communication was read from Mr. Adam
Strohm, librarian of the Detroit Public Li-
brary, inviting the Association on behalf of
the Detroit Library Commission, the Conven-
tion and Tourist Bureau, and the Detroit
Board of Commerce, to hold its 1917 confer-
ence in Detroit, Mr. Strohm stating that the
library board looked forward with confidence
to the completion of the new central library
in that year. It was voted that a vote of ap-
preciation for this' invitation be extended to
Mr. Strohm.
A resolution was received which had been
adopted by the committee on work with the
blind to the effect that the Board be asked
to appoint a separate committee to consider
literature for the mentally and morally defi-
cient, as it was not found desirable to have
this work combined with that performed by
the committee on work with the blind. It
was voted that this request be referred to the
same committee which is to consider the de-
sirability of standing committees on classifi-
cation and cataloging.
Mr. W. N. C. Carlton presented his resig-
nation as non-official member of the Executive
Board in view of his election to the office of
first vice-president, which under the circum-
stances was accepted.
Mr. George H. Locke, librarian of the To-
ronto Public Library, was elected a member
of the Executive Board to fill the vacancy
caused by the resignation of Mr. Carlton as a
non-official member, the term to expire in
July, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
531
The place of meeting for the 1915 confer-
ence was next considered. Invitations were
received from the chambers of commerce of
New York City, Toledo, New Orleans, Balti-
more, and Chattanooga. Mr. Charles S.
Greene, of Oakland, personally presented the
invitation from various bodies in San Fran-
cisco and vicinity, and Mr. J. T. Jennings
brought with him invitations from numerous
bodies in the Pacific Northwest for the Asso-
ciation to meet in Seattle. After a thorough
discussion of these various places of meeting
it was voted on motion of Dr. Putnam that it
was the sense of the Executive Board that
Berkeley, California, be the place of meeting
for 1915, but that in reaching the above con-
clusion the Board desires to express cordial
acknowledgment of the invitation from the
city of Seattle, which in itself is extremely at-
tractive and which, although it cannot be ac-
cepted owing to particular circumstances of
the year, members of the Association will
have opportunity to take advantage of in spirit
and through the visits of individual members.
The date for the 1915 meeting was left to
be decided after further conference with the
authorities at Berkeley and vicinity, particu-
larly with the authorities of the University
of California who have generously offered the
Association the use of the University build-
ings as meeting rooms. It was taken as the
sense of the Board that the meeting would
probably be held between the middle of May
and the end of the first week in June.
Dr. C. W. Andrews, as chairman of the
committee on affiliation of non-regional so-
cieties, presented the following report to the
Council, which report was in turn referred
by the Council to the Executive Board. The
Executive Board voted to lay the report on
the table until the next mid-winter meeting
and to print the same in the Proceedings of
the Washington conference. The report was
as follows :
"Your committee on affiliation of non-
regional societies report that they have duly
considered the question submitted to them.
They have been pleased to find that it is not
as serious as some unconfirmed statements
had led them to believe. It does not appear
that any very large proportion of the mem-
bers of the non-regional affiliated societies at-
tending the annual meetings of the A. L. A.
are not members of the Association. Yet
there are some and the officials of these so-
cieties have recognized and indeed have sug-
gested the fairness of such members bearing
a part of the expense of the Bulletin and of
the conference. Indeed, they have not asked
for any exemption of those who are members
of the A. L. A., but the Committee are unani-
mous in thinking that the Association should
do as much for those of its members with
specialized interests who have chosen to or-
ganize as an affiliated society as it does for
those who prefer to be members of a section.
"Your Committee therefore recommend +he
adoption of the following by-law:
Section 10. Societies having purposes allied to
those of the American Library Association may be
affiliated with the latter by a two-thirds vote of the
members of the Council present at any regular meet-
ing, or at any special meeting provided notice of the
application of the society is included in the call of
the special meeting. Such affiliated societies shall
meet with the A. L. A. at least once in every three
consecutive years. Provision for their meetings shall
be made by the program committee, and there shall
be allotted for their proceedings the same number of
pages in the Bulletin as for a section. Their mem-
bers shall be entitled to all the privileges of mem-
bers of the A. L. A. in regard to hotel and travel
rates.
The treasurer of each such society shall pay to the
treasurer of the A. L. A. before the close of the
financial year 50 cents for each member of the society
who is not a member of the A. L. A. and 50 cents
additional for each such member who has attended
the annual conference. No such societies shall have
the privileges mentioned unless affiliated, except that
the program committee is authorized to provide for
the first meetings of a society.
(signed) CLEMENT W. ANDREWS,
Chairman.
"P. S. — Dr. Andrews, for himself and Mr.
Wyer as individuals, recommend the inclusion
of Section 8a of the By-laws as part of Sec-
tion 9; and also that the reference in Section
9 to Section 17 of the Constitution shall be
altered to read Section 16."
Mr. Henry E. Legler was elected a member
of the Publishing Board to succeed himself
for a term of three years.
THE A. L. A. COUNCIL
The Council met at the New Willard Hotel,
Washington, May 28, at 2:30 p.m., President
Anderson presiding. A nominating committee
consisting of Messrs. Legler, Hadley and Wal-
ter, nominated the following persons as mem-
bers of the Council for a term of five years
each, and they were unanimously elected by the
Council : Thomas M. Owen, Edith Tobitt, Wal-
ter L. Brown, Edith A. Phelps, Charles F. D.
Belden.
The following resolution, relative to a na-
tional archive building in Washington, re-
ferred to the Council by the Association at
large, was, upon motion of Dr. E. C. Richard-
son, unanimously adopted :
Whereas, The records and papers of the United
States government contain an inexhaustible and
priceless body of information for the statesman, the
administrator, the historian, and the reading public;
and
Whereas, These papers are now scattered through
many repositories in Washington and out of Wash-
ington, housed often at great expense for rental in
unsafe and unsuitable buildings, exposed to danger
from fire, and difficult of access; and
Whereas, Such conditions not only block the prog-
ress of history but are a constant drag upon the
efficiency of governmental administration; and
532
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[July, 1914
Whereas, The only true remedy lies in the con-
struction of a suitable National Archive Building, in
which these records and papers can be arranged sys-
tematically, found with rapidity, and consulted with
Resolved, That the American Library Association
cordially approves the efforts which have been made
toward the erection of a National Archive Building,
and respectfully urges upon Congress the passage 01
the appropriation now under consideration in the
Sundry Civil Appropriation Bill, for making plans for
such a building, and the following of this initial
step by such further appropriations as shall result
as soon as possible in its erection.
A letter was read from Miss Linda A. East-
man stating that the Home Economics Asso-
ciation voted to appoint a standing commit-
tee to co-operate with a committee of the
American Library Association on a compila-
tion of an annotated reading list on home
economics, this joint committee to evaluate the
new literature on the subject each year and
bring it up to date. The consideration of ap-
pointing such a committee from the A L. A.
was referred to the Executive Board.
On the motion of Dr. Hill, it was voted that
the chair appoint a committee of three to
draft suitable resolutions on the death during
the past year of Frank A. Hutchins, William
C. Kimball and Josephus N. Larned. The
chair named as this committee Messrs. W. L.
Brown, E. C. Richardson and M. S. Dudgeon.
The resolutions as drafted were read before
and adopted by the Association at the gen-
eral session on May 29, and were as follows :
FRANK A. HUTCHINS, WILLIAM C. KIMBALL,
JOSEPHUS NELSON LARNED
Whereas, The list of library workers who have
died during the past year contains the names of
Frank A. Hutchins, William C. Kimball and Josephus
Nelson Larned, each a leader in a different field,
Resolved, That the American Library Association,
in these resolutions, expresses its deep appreciation
of their work and its sincere sorrow for their death.
Frank A. Hutchins was a pioneer of aggressive
extension of library service, who, with a keen appre-
ciation of the power of good books and understanding
of their universal usefulness, strove always to render
the resources of the library available to many who
had theretofore been considered beyond the reach of
its service.
William C. Kimball, heart as well as head of the
New Jersey Public Library Commission throughout
the period of development, held various positions of
activity or trust in the American Library Associa-
tion, was modest, efficient, unremitting and unsparing
in all his work, and a model and example of the
possibilities of gratuitous, as distinguished from pro-
fessional, service in the development of American
libraries.
Josephus Nelson Larned, one of the small group
which organized this Association and laid the foun-
dation of its work, served the Association as its
president in 1804, made many valuable contributions
to library science. Wise in counsel, courteous and
kindly in manner, author of many useful and inspir-
ing books, the first citizen of his city, a scholarly
gentleman, he honored the profession to which he
gave the best years of his life.
Mr. W. H. Kerr, as chairman of a com-
mittee, presented for consideration a statement
concerning the status of school librarians, and
by unanimous vote it was given the endorse-
ment of the Council.
The committee to investigate fire insurance
rates to libraries reported progress through
its chairman, Mr. M. S. Dudgeon. Question-
naires were sent out two months ago and are
coming in slowly, and the committee hopes to
make a definite report in a short time.
Dr. C. W. Andrews, chairman of the com-
mittee on affiliation of other than state, pro-
vincial or local library associations, pre-
sented a report in behalf of the committee
which it was voted to refer to the Executive
Board, and which is printed in the minutes
of the Board meeting for May 29. He stated
that at his request the secretary had made a
careful analysis of the registers of the Hotel
Kaaterskill, and it was found that of all the
persons who were in attendance at the Kaa-
terskill meeting and who were not members of
the Association or an affiliated society the
largest number were wives or relatives of
librarians, leaving only 70 library workers out
of 892, or not quite eight per cent, of the total
attendance, who were not members and who
really ought to be. Of the non-members of
the A. L. A. in attendance only 14 were mem-
bers of Special Libraries Association, and nine
of the American Association of Law Libra-
ries. (The membership of the League of
Library Commissions and National Associa-
tion of State Libraries is largely institutional.)
Therefore, the speaker thought the matter was
not of as great consequence as was supposed,
as a total addition of only $35 or $40 would
have been secured if the proposed by-law had
been in force. It seemed fair, however, that
the affiliated associations should contribute
their proportion to the expenses of a confer-
ence, and in this they all expressed willingness.
Miss Tyler expressed the feeling that affili-
ation was made too easy and that an outright
sum each year would be only fair.
Dr. Andrews next presented the following
report for the committee (Dr. Andrews and
Dr. Bostwick) on a union list of serials which
was received as a report of progress :
"Your Committee on a union list of serials
respectfully report that they are informed by
the Librarian of Congress that that Institu-
tion is making progress in its plans for a list
of its own periodicals in serials, and that he
hopes that these plans will prove a basis for
the preparation of a union list. Of them it
can be said at the present time only that they
contemplate the issuance of a preliminary
edition in sections, taking those classes first
which appear likely to be of the most use.
"The advantages of the work being done by
the Library of Congress are so obvious that
the Committee are confident that the Council
will agree with them in thinking that no ac-
July, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
533
tion looking toward other methods is neces-
sary or desirable so long as there is such good
prospects of success along the line men-
tioned.
"They therefore submit this as a report of
progress."
Mr. Ranck presented an oral report of
progress for the committee on ventilation and
lighting of library buildings. The committee
plans to have in print a preliminary report to
be sent to all members of the Council before
the January meeting.
A motion was unanimously passed that it
was the sense of the Council that the Bureau
of Education should include libraries and
librarians in future issues of its Educational
Directories.
Mr. Bowker felt that one of the important
results from a meeting in Washington was not
only to come in contact with government offi-
cials, but to get government officials in touch
with librarians and each other. He thought ap-
preciation should be shown the Commissioner
of Education for his interest and his plan for
establishing libraries in the 2200 counties
without adequate library facilities, and that
mention should be made that the plan is al-
ready working on a large scale in California.
From a paper presented at the Agricultural
Libraries Section by an official of the Depart-
ment of Agriculture, it was apparent that the
latter department knew almost nothing of the
work being done for libraries in rural com-
munities by the various state library commis-
sions. The whole thing suggested the import-
ance of bringing together, while in Washing-
ton, at least by suggestion, the various de-
partments and agencies in the development of
rural community work in a proper co-ordina-
tion. He therefore presented the following
resolution, which was, upon motion, unani-
mously adopted :
Resolved, That the Council of the American Library
Association expresses its cordial appreciation of the
practical support by the Commissioner of Education
of the plan for library extension in rural communi-
ties under which town or other central libraries
extend their work throughout their respective coun-
ties, a plan whose value has been proven by success-
ful pioneer work in several localities and developed
through the salutary library law of California in
half the counties of that state; and that it heartily
favors the establishment in the 2,200 counties re-
ported as without adequate library facilities, of county
seat libraries, through the co-operation of the field
agents of the Bureau of Education, the county agents
of the Department of Agriculture, and other repre-
sentatives of the federal departments with the state
library commissions and the local school authorities,
and the utilization of traveling libraries and parcel
post facilities for the delivery and return of book
packages on rural delivery routes.
Mr. Bowker presented the following resolu-
tions on the subject of parcel post service as
applied to books, which, upon motion, were
unanimously adopted :
Resolved, That the Council of the American Library
Association expresses to the Postmaster-General the
hearty appreciation by the Association and by all
interested in the progress of the library movement
of his wise and beneficent act in including books
within the parcel post, one of the greatest boons in
the development of the supply of books to the people,
especially in rural communities; and
Resolved, That the Council expresses the hope that
further facilities may be afforded as rapidly as ex-
perience and revenue justify, especially by the inclu-
sion of all printed matter within the parcel post, by
an arrangement for the collection of book parcels, by
adoption of a fractional scale for quarter pounds
above the initial pound, and by the ultimate estab-
lishment of a rate not exceeding the old book rate
of 8 cents a pound for the further zones; and
Resolved, That the Council proffers the co-operation
of the Association through its officials with the post-
office department in every advance in postal progress
for the welfare of the general public, especially in
the carriage of books at the lowest rates and under
the easiest conditions.
In behalf of the A. L. A. Publishing Board,
Dr. C. W. Andrews presented a report upon the
subject of the A. L. A. Booklist, in accordance
with the request of the Council at its mid-
winter meeting. The report was as follows :
REPORT ON THE A. L. A. BOOKLIST
"In accordance with the instructions of the
Council, the Publishing Board have again con-
sidered the question of changing the character
and form and title of the A. L. A. Booklist.
"As to the feasibility of obtaining subscrip-
tions from laymen, the Board are convinced
that this is impossible without so altering the
character of the publication as seriously to in-
terfere with its service to librarians. The lat-
ter require a compact note with as full infor-
mation as possible, while for the reader a note
must be written to enlist his interest. Again
many kinds of books are now included in the
list, as for example, technical books, which
do not appeal to the general reader, and con-
sequently he would be obliged to wade through
a mass of titles in which he has no concern in
order to find the few that would be of interest.
This opinion of the Board is by no means
based on theoretical considerations, but on
actual experiment after sending compliment-
ary copies for several months to a carefully
selected list of men and women of bookish
tastes.
"The Board recognized the disadvantages of
the present title, but they have received only
three suggestions in answer to their appeal.
Of these they prefer The Booklist of the
American Library Association : An Annotated
guide to new books/ but they are not agreed
that the improvement would be sufficient to
justify the expense and inconvenience which
would be caused by the changes in the catalog-
ing and the lettering of sets."
Discussion of the report and the policy of
the Booklist followed. The income from the
Carnegie fund was mostly used for editorial
534
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[July, 1914
expenses; the income amounted to about
$4,500 a year, the editorial expenses to about
$4,200, the cost of printing the Booklist was
about $1,500 a year and the receipts from sub-
scriptions, bulk and retail, about $2,700. About
4600 copies of the Booklist are subscribed for,
including retail copies at $1.00 a year and bulk
subscriptions at 40 c. a year.
Mr. Legler, chairman of the Publishing
Board, said the Booklist was started ten years
ago to carry out the particular injunction con-
veyed in Mr. Carnegie's gift that through the
resources obtained there should be provided
bibliographical tools especially for the small
library, especially, by implication, those which
no publishing concern would undertake
as commercial possibilities. The Publishing
Board, although recognizing the excellence of
having a publication which would appeal to
the general book-buying public, have felt that
it was outside its particular province to issue
a publication for that specific need, that their
primary duty lay in furnishing to the libraries
a guide for book purchase.
Dr. Andrews expressed the opinion that un-
der the terms of the Carnegie donation the
Board had no right to alter the character of
the Booklist to attract outside readers if there-
by is lessened its usefulness to libraries.
Mr. Dana said he was not sure that the
present use of the money was not the best pos-
sible use, but that it had not been demonstrat-
ed that it was. He felt that it had not been
proven that the Booklist, if changed somewhat
in name, size and make-up, would be useful to
the small library and also to the general pub-
lic, and that Mr. Carnegie, as a business man,
would be pleased to see that those administer-
ing the funds which he had given were good
enough business men to make the publication
in their charge in time self-supporting, instead
of having it cost the Association about $3,000
a year as at the present time. Mr. Dana depre-
cated the impression that he was an enemy of
the Booklist, saying that he considered him-
self its best friend, and was, so far as he knew,
the only librarian who had purchased the
Booklist in quantities for general distribution
from the library to the public. He said the
very excellence of the material in the Book-
list was the reason for his regret that it was
not more widely utilized and made more gen-
erally known and available.
Mr. Bowker wondered whether a bulk price
could not be offered to libraries, perhaps charg-
ing 25 c. or so a year if bought in sufficient
quantities, so they could offer the Booklist
at a very low price to their clients. He doubt-
ed if any change in form would produce an
added number of subscribers.
On motion of Mr. Bowker, it was voted to
lay the report concerning the Booklist on the
table until the mid-winter meeting of the
Council.
Dr. Bostwick presented the following report
of the committee on the advisability of issuing
a list of periodicals :
"Your Committee appointed to consider the
advisability of issuing an approved list of gen-
eral periodicals begs to report as follows :
"We are agreed that the compilation of such
a list is advisable and possible, but we are not
sure that it is well to prepare the list at once
unless it is distinctly understood that it is to
be tentative and subject to early revision. This
is made necessary by the many radical changes
in content as well as form in many of our best
known periodicals. We therefore recommend
that the matter be referred to the Publishing
Board, with the request that a tentative list be
prepared at once with the intention of revising
it at an early date. We are of the opinion that
the person who actually does the work should
be intimately acquainted with the smaller
libraries, and that there should be revision by
definitely appointed collaborators, that a pure-
ly local standpoint may be avoided.
(Signed) ARTHUR E. BOSTWICK, Chairman,
HENRY E. LEGLER,
FRANK K. WALTER,
Committee"
The report was adopted.
On behalf of the committee on library ad-
ministration Dr. Bostwick, chairman, pre-
sented the following report on the subject of
statistical forms used by libraries :
"Your committee begs to call attention to
the fact that the report of 1906 on statistics is
made largely from the standpoint of the state
commission with a view to the standardization
of reports made to the state authorities. With
most of the report, therefore, we have nothing
to do. We feel very strongly, however, that
every annual report issued hereafter should
contain at least one page of statistics in such
form as to admit of easy comparison. This
should not interfere with the free statistical
arrangement of other parts of the report. It
is desired by most libraries to maintain their
own forms in order that comparisons with
their own past years may be easy.
"We are of opinion that the form called
Form II to be found on page 150 of the 1906
report is essentially what is needed for our
purposes, but we are not yet agreed on cer-
tain slight modifications which appear neces-
sary to bring it up to date. The general form
of the blank, based, as it was, on correspond-
ence with many libraries and library commis-
sions, is excellent.
July, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
535
"We therefore ask for additional time and
hope to be able to make a full report in Janu-
ary next.
"We desire to call attention to the fact that
some way must be devised of keeping this mat-
ter before the minds of librarians. The fact
that the 1906 report, full as it is and embodying
so many specifications, should have completely
passed from the memory of so many librarians
is significant. We desire to suggest the fol-
lowing plan in the hope that some discussion
of it may help to shape our final report.
"Let this committee, in its annual report
hereafter, embody a table of statistics of
American libraries based on its own recom-
mended form, and let this include only such
libraries as give a page, in this form, in their
annual reports. We are of the opinion that a
desire to be included in this comparative table
may act as an inducement to libraries to do
the slight additional work necessary.
(Signed) ARTHUR E. BOSTWICK,
Chairman."
The last feature of the report was dis-
cussed at length, the sense of the Council being
that as soon as possible the committee should
secure promises from at least one hundred
librarians to use the recommended form of
statistics. The form as decided upon should
be applicable not only to municipal, tax-sup-
ported libraries, but to others, reference and
especially endowed libraries as well.
Mr. Roden presented resolutions of appre-
ciation of services rendered by the Library of
Congress to the libraries of the country, which
had been adopted by the Catalog section, and
it was voted that they be referred to the Reso-
lutions committee, with the approval of the
Council.
REPORTS OF COMMITTEES
COMMITTEE ON LIBRARY TRAINING
During the past year there has been much
activity in the field of library training.
Notable during the year have been : The
establishment of a new school in connection
with the California St; te Library to meet the
growing demand for trained librarians on the
Pacific coast; the discontinuance, for reasons
acceptable to the management, of the Drexel
Institute Library School at Philadelphia ; the
coming of new heads to several of the
schools, namely, Miss June Donnelly to the
Simmons College Library School, Miss Alice
S. Tyler to the Western Reserve University
Library School, and Dr. E. E. Sperry to the
Syracuse University Library School; the in-
stitution in connection with the Wisconsin
Library School of a new course designed
especially to prepare those who take it for
municipal and state legislative reference work.
These changes are all noteworthy, and one of
them, the discontinuance of the Drexel In-
stitute Library School, deserves a few addi-
tional words.
It is not, of course, in place for those of us
who are not connected with the management,
to question the wisdom of the decision of the
authorities of the Drexel Institute in discon-
tinuing the work of ';he library school of that
institution. But the work of the school has
been so faithfully done, its leaders have been
women so prominent in the library world, the
influence of the school has been so marked in
many ways upon the development of the pro-
fession, that it would be unjust to the school
if the committee did not take this opportunity
to express its profound regret at this termina-
tion of the school's activities. It is to be
hoped that some other agency in Pennsyl-
vania will see its way clear to take up the
work thus laid down.
Turning now more directly to the work ac-
complished by the committee during the past
year, it may be briefly summarized as follows :
I. The long-discussed and anticipated ex-
amination of library schools by a trained
expert has been begun. It may be wise here
to recount briefly the circumstances which
originally led the committee to propose such
an examination.
In the years 1905 and 1906 the committee
submitted reports on standards of library
training, in which minimum requirements
were laid down. Immediately heads of im-
portant libraries, secretaries of library com-
missions, and other persons holding positions
of responsibility, began to write and inquire :
"What schools fulfill these requirements?"
A second class of inquirers were prospective
library school students who began to ask
what schools they should attend and how far
these schools met the requirements set up by
the committee. As a result, the committee
was called together at Brooklyn in February,
1908, chiefly to discuss the advisability of pub-
lishing a list of library schools and of other
sources of training. The committee did not
then feel it advisable to do so, and in the last
paragraph of the A. L. A. tract on training
simply referred inquirers about schools to
their nearest library commission, feeling that
the commissions should know the standing
and character of the schools and be supplied
with school literature. The wish for a list,
however, still found expression. After con-
siderable discussion, a motion was carried that
the Council consider the question, and if it
approved such a list it should be asked to
appropriate $500.
536
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[July, 1914
The Council, reaching the matter in 1910,
expressed its judgment that such a list was
desirable and that such an appropriation
should be made; but it was not until 1913,
when $400 was appropriated, that definite ac-
tion was taken. Search wa,s made for a suit-
able examiner, and after two thoroughly com-
petent people had been agreed upon who, for
reasons of health or because of entry into
library school work, were not able to accept
the position, the committee fortunately, at the
beginning of the year 1914, was able to secure
Miss Mary E. Robbins.
The qualifications agreed upon at the be-
ginning by the committee as desirable in an
examiner were as follows: (i) She should be
a graduate of a library school. (2) She should
have had experience in actual library work.
(3) She should have had, if possible, teaching
experience in a library school. Miss Robbins
has already entered upon her work. Three
schools have already been either wholly or in
part examined, and the others will be ex-
amined before the close of the year 1914.
The committee will at that time be in pos-
session of data which would justify it in sub-
mitting to the American Library Association
a list of accredited schools. There is, how-
ever, still some doubt in the mind of the for-
ward committee as to the wisdom of submit-
ting such a list.
II. In addition to arranging the details of
the examination, the committee has also dur-
ing the present year begun the study of the
whole subject of library training from two
other points of view.
From the library schools have been obtained
lists of the libraries which their graduates
have entered; and to a large number of rep-
resentative libraries selected from these lists,
letters have been sent inviting a full and very
frank statement as to the work accomplished
by library school graduates when they have
entered upon actual library work. Not only
the reports of the heads of these libraries
were sought, but also an expression of opin-
ion from the heads of their various depart-
ments. The committee sought especially to
ascertain in what respect the graduates seem
perfectly well equipped for the work which
they enter, and in what respects there seems
to be lack of preparation.
In addition to these inquiries, a second
questionnaire has been sent out to a long
list of graduates of the library schools who
have been selected by the heads of the schools
as having done unusually good work since
graduation. This requirement was added in
order to make sure that no question of native
ability could arise. These graduates thus se-
lected have been asked to answer these ques-
tions :
In what respects do you feel that the instruction
received in the library school gave you adequate
preparation for the actual kinds of work which you
nave been doing?
Were there any parts of the work which you have
had to do for which you found the instruction
given in the library school insufficient?
Have you been called upon to take up any lines
of library work or of social work in connection with
library work for which the school gave you no prepar-
ation whatever?
In the light of your actual experience in library
work would you suggest any difference in proportion
in the various kinds of instruction given in tne> library
school? That is, would you advise emphasizing and
giving more time to certain subjects; which, of course,
can only be done by diminishing the time for and
laying less emphasis on other subjects?
Ought the schools to lay more emphasis upon topics
related to the environment of the library, such as
social conditions and the like?
It is, of course, too early to submit any
report upon the schools or any conclusions as
to library training which may be reached by
the committee as a result of this investigation.
Our inquiries have not been made with any
feeling that the library schools are failing to
do the work which is expected of them. It
has seemed to the committee possible that,
working entirely independent of the schools,
it might obtain some suggestions which per-
haps would not otherwise reach the schools.
Other lines of work are also pressing upon
the attention of the committee. In the last
ten years there has been a great development
of apprentice classes in the large public libra-
ries. These classes are naturally conducted
primarily with reference to the interests of
the particular library involved, but as the per-
sons trained in these classes not infrequently
change their place of residence or secure ap-
pointments in some other library, it would
seem desirable to have some general agree-
ment as to the content of such an apprentice
class course. The committee have in contem-
plation during the coming year an investiga-
tion as to the extent to which these appren-
tice classes are now being carried on and as
to the character of the instruction covered by
them.
Another topic should also be taken up in
the near future. Two or three times in the
last year the question has been raised in cor-
respondence whether the summer schools are
living up to the standards laid down by the
committee some years ago, and whether the
instruction given is satisfactory. This ques-
tion, since the summer schools so largely min-
ister to those already in the work of the
smaller libraries, deserves careful inquiry, snd
it is hoped that it may also be reached and
discussed during the coming year.
For the committee,
AZARIAH S. ROOT, Chairman.
July, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
537
COMMITTEE ON BOOKBINDING
As time goes on it becomes increasingly evi-
dent that the special collection, showing the
kind of work done by library binders, meets
a real need and that so far it has worked an
injustice neither to binders, librarians nor the
American Library Association as a whole.
During the year this collection has been in-
creased by samples submitted by seven bind-
ers, of which two came from England and
one from Germany. The total number of
binders having submitted samples is thirty-
seven. Forty-two requests for information
were received and answered by the help of
these samples. This number of questions is
much larger than during the preceding year,
when the collection was first started, but it is
still much smaller than it ought to be.
The samples prove conclusively that a large
number of librarians are getting inferior bind-
ings. It would seem the part of wisdom, there-
fore, for librarians to write to the committee
for information and suggestions as to ways in
which the work of a binder can be improved.
In addition to correspondence with libraries,
the committee has been in correspondence
with some binders who are anxious to do bet-
ter work and who have asked the committee
for criticisms and suggestions.
During the year the new edition of the
Standard Dictionary has been published,
bound according to the specifications of this
committee. Specifications have also been sub-
mitted for binding the new edition of the
International Encyclopedia, which will be
printed on ordinary paper as well as on the
thin paper which has been advertised so freely.
It is doubtful if the publishers will follow all
of these specifications unless librarians bring
pressure to bear on them. It is suggested that
all librarians when ordering this new edition
state that they wish a set bound according to
library specifications.
During the past eight years there has been
a great increase in the use of reinforced bind-
ings. When first introduced they were looked
upon with suspicion by publishers, booksellers
and librarians. They are still unpopular with
the publishers and booksellers, and the pub-
lishers themselves have practically ceased to
produce them. Nevertheless, owing to the ac-
tivities of several library bookbinders, rein-
forced bindings are used more to-day than
ever before.
A determined effort has been made by in-
terested persons to induce librarians to use
leather and especially leathers free-from-acid.
This committee advocates the use of leathers
free-from-acid when leather must be used,
but deprecates the efforts made to induce a
greater use of leathers than already obtains.
In this respect the recommendations of the
committee are as follows :
1. Always use leather on books which are
to receive hard usage.
2. Never use leather on books which will be
seldom used.
3. In case of doubt give preference to cloth.
During the year nothing has been done
toward standardizing book papers. Such an
investigation requires a much larger fund than
is at the disposal of the committee. There-
fore it must wait until the work is done either
by the Bureau of Standards in Washington or
by some paper chemist or manufacturer.
Respectfully submitted,
A. L. BAILEY,
ROSE G. MURRAY,
J. RITCHIE PATTERSON.
COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC DOCUMENTS
The committee on public documents, of
which George S. Godard was chairman, submit-
ted a "preliminary report," devoted mainly to
suggestions to visiting delegates to study the
document situation while they were in Wash-
ington.
COMMITTEE ON LIBRARY ALMINISTRATION
The committee on library administration
presented a report on the first exhibit of
labor-saving devices, held in the Public Li-
brary of the District. An effort was made to
include only devices adapted to library use, in
both high-priced and inexpensive grades, and
in as great variety as possible. Sixty-three
firms responded to the invitation, and about
3,800 square feet of floor space on the second
floor of the library was given over to the ex-
hibit. Charges were fixed at the lowest pos-
sible point to clear expenses, 13 cents per
square foot being charged the large exhibitors,
while the charge for small devices sent in care
of the committee varied from one to five dol-
dollars, according to the number of devices
and the space they would occupy. Mr. C. Sey-
mour Thompson, who had charge of the in-
stallation of exhibits, has written a very com-
prehensive description of the exhibit, which is
printed elsewhere in this issue of the JOURNAL.
COMMITTEE ON CO-OPERATION WITH THE NA-
TIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION
During the past year the chairman of the
A. L. A. committee on co-operation with the
National Education Association has conferred
with Mr. Willis H. Kerr, president of the li-
brary department of the National Education
Association, and steps have been taken for
more thoroughly organizing the national move-
538
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[July, 1914
ment for better school libraries in normal
schools, high schools, elementary and rural
schools and in private secondary schools. A
member of the A. L. A. committee on co-opera-
tion has been given opportunity to address
school superintendents and teachers in several
cities and urge not only the necessity of better
school libraries, but closer co-operation with
public libraries. Through correspondence, the
committee has had opportunity also to aid in
the establishment of high school libraries man-
aged according to modern library methods and
in the reorganization of high school libraries
in various parts of the United States and oc-
casionally in Canada. In two cities it was pos-
sible to supply data to present to boards of
education to prove the advisability of public
library branches in high schools.
Aid has been given to boards of education in
the matter of proper qualifications for high
school librarian, proper salary schedule, and in
defining the duties of the high school librarian
and outlining what a high school library should
do for a school. Aid has also been given in
showing what should be a proper high school
library budget for a school with a certain num-
ber of pupils — a problem which seems to have
been scarcely touched as yet in educational and
library circles. There has also been drawn up
an outline of the minimum equipment for a
high school library based upon the data fur-
nished by the New York High School Libra-
rians' Association. Suggestions have been made
from time to time as to the needed changes in
classification in high school libraries.
On short notice, the committee succeeded in
collecting from leading high school libraries
photographs of school library reading rooms
for the Leipzig exhibit, and for the permanent
school library exhibit prepared by the Bureau
of Education.
The various members of the committee are
working out a list of school librarians in their
different sections who should be invited to at-
tend the N. E. A. meeting at St. Paul and of
public libraries in Canada doing work with
schools and likely to be interested in the N. E.
A. meetings.
Through the year there has been co-opera-
tion with not only the N. E. A., but associa-
tions closely allied with it, namely, the National
Council of Teachers of English and the Na-
tional Vocational Guidance Association.
MARY E. HALL, Chairman,
W. O. CARSON,
GEORGE H. LOCKE,
MARIE A. NEWBFRRY,
IRENE WARREN,
HARRIET A. WOOD.
COMMITTEE ON COST AND METHOD OF CATALOGING
The committee at its meeting May 26
adopted the following letter and schedule,
which will be sent to all libraries taking part
in the committee's investigation. The com-
mittee (A. G. S. Josephson, chairman) also
suggested that Mr. Charles Martel, chief of
the catalog division of the Library of Con-
gress, and Mr. T. Franklin Currier, head cat-
aloger of Harvard University Library, be
added to it as members.
Letter
1. The information received in response
to the questionnaire sent last year to twenty
libraries gave clear evidence of the existing
lack of uniformity in preparing library sta-
tistics, as well as of a considerable variety of
conditions and methods of work.
2. In order, therefore, to arrive at more
definite results, the Committee asked the Ex-
ecutive Board for authority to undertake a
more extended and more detailed investiga-
tion into the prevailing methods of cataloging.
Having received the authority asked for, the
Committee sent copies of the questionnaire
used last year to thirty additional libraries,
asking for similar in f ormation.
3. The Committee now asks each library
that has taken part or intends to take part
in this investigation to set apart one hundred
books (titles, not volumes) for an actual test
of the cost of cataloging under conditions
normal to each library. If there has been any
essential change in the organization since in-
formation was sent to this Committee in re-
sponse to the questionnaire, such changes
should be reported.
4. As the report is to be summarized by
items, it is especially desirable that the re-
port shall be made item by item, and libraries
are requested not to combine processes.
5. The books selected should be such as
would be purchased by a public or college
library, having both reference and circulating
collections; they should be taken from the
books currently received and new to the li-
brary; neither duplicates, nor replacements,
nor even new editions should be selected.
6. Pamphlets, i. e. material treated with
less fullness than the books regularly placed
on the shelves, incunabula, long sets of peri-
odicals or other books requiring special ex-
pertness or considerable time, such as books
requiring much analytical work, should not
be selected, even though they might be very
characteristic for the library. It is the in-
tention of the Committee to make a special
test for this kind of work; libraries willing to
take part in this additional test should com-
July, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
539
municate their willingness to the Chairman
of the Committee.
7. Fiction, poetry and drama should be
represented by not more than ten titles.
Books in foreign languages should be in-
cluded in the proportion normal to each li-
brary.
8. The use of the printed cards for ana-
lytical entries prepared for and distributed
by the A. L. A. Publishing Board should not
be reported.
9. As an increasing number of libraries
is using printed cards prepared by other li-
braries, and some of the libraries included
in the investigation themselves are printing
cards for their own use, libraries using printed
cards should report on their method of hand-
ling these, both the cards prepared by other
libraries and those prepared by themselves,
so that the Committee may be able to judge
how far this method influences the cost of
cataloging.
10. Many public libraries, both large and
of moderate size, possess branches ; most uni-
versity and some college libraries have de-
partmental libraries; the libraries having such
supplementary systems should report on the
work of duplicating cards for the use in the
special catalogs for branches and departments,
so that the Committee may be able to judge
how far the cost of cataloging is influenced
hereby.
11. Full and explicit remarks and infor-
mation setting forth the special problems and
conditions accompanying each case are asked
for.
12. In order to insure accuracy in time
calculation it would be desirable that stop
watches be used, but this is not essential; the
method used in computing time should be re-
ported.
13. So as to be able to study the results
of the test with all the material available, the
Committee desires to have the original cards
and records submitted; in order to do this,
the libraries taking the test would have to
prepare duplicate cards and records for its
own files ; the time taken to prepare these
duplicates should, of course, not be counted.
Duplicates of cards duplicated for branch and
department libraries should not be sent.
14. Libraries that find it impossible to du-
plicate their work in this way should send to
the Committee with their reports one copy
of each entry as prepared for the author cat-
alog accompanied by a full record of all ad-
ditional cards prepared for its public and
official catalogs and files, including cross ref-
erences made for the first time. The Con-
mittee wishes, however, to urge the import-
ance of submitting the complete material.
15. The Committee hopes, through this
test and the previous investigation, to be able
to establish what might be regarded as a fair
cost and a standard method of cataloging;
it hopes for the hearty co-operation in its
efforts of all the libraries to which this letter
is sent.
16. This letter is accompanied by 125 record
cards to be used in keeping the record of the
processes involved in the cataloging of each
of the one hundred books on which the test
is made. By using these cards, all libraries
will submit uniform statistics, and the cards
will give the Committee a record by which
processes, efficiency and standards of catalog-
ing may be compared. Their use will also
facilitate the work at the library making the
test. They might be inserted in the books
selected for the test, and the presence of a
card in a book would suffice as instruction to
each worker to use the book in question un-
der the rules for the test.
Schedule
Author
Title .
Routing
T- .# Salary |Signa-
e perhr.|ture.
i.
Preliminary; Looking up
in catalogs, preparing
record slips, etc.
2.
Classification.
3-
Assigning subject head-
ings and references.
4-
Assigning author head-
ings and references.
i:
Preparing original entry.
Revising of original en-
try (by original cataloger
7.
or by a special reviser.)
Duplicating cards or mak-
ing additional entries by
(Specify process.)
a. for public catalogs.
b. for official catalogs.
c. for other special cat-
alogs.
(how many )
(differentiate if desired)
8.
Proof reading or revising
duplicate cards or addi-
tional entries.
9-
Ordering and receiving
printed cards.
10.
Money paid for cards
printed by other libraries.
ii.
Shelf listing and assign-
ing book numbers.
12.
Preparing printed cards
for catalogs^ (i. e. adding
heading, etc.)
I3-
Filing cards: —
a. in public catalogs.
b. in official catalogs.
c. in other special cat-
alogs (differentiate if
desired.)
14.
Totals.
IS-
Remarks.
* State how time is computed, especially whether
stop watch is used.
540
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
{July, 1914
RESOLUTIONS COMMITTEE
would soon be secured. All interest on the in-
vestments has been promptly paid.
The Association has suffered a great loss in
the death of Mr. William C. Kimball, who had
been the president of the trustees of the Car-
negie and Endowment Funds since October I,
1909. He took a great interest in all matters
relating to the investment and security of the
funds, and his loss will be severely felt by the
surviving trustees. It was a satisfaction and
pleasure to work under his guidance.
Respectfully submitted,
W. W. APPLETON,
EDWARD W. SHELDON,
Trustees Endowment Fund, A. L. A., May i,
1914.
The committee on resolutions beg leave to
recommend the adoption of the following min-
ute, to be spread upon the records of the As-
sociation, copies to be forwarded to the several
bodies and persons therein mentioned :
Resolved, That the heartiest thanks of the Ameri-
can Library Association be, and are hereby tendered:
To the Librarian of Congress for the gracious
welcome to the National Capital extended by him
to this Association at the first session of the present
conference; for opening to inspection the beautiful
structure under his control, and for numberless per-
sonal courtesies which have lent peculiar charm to
an occasion which will always remain a notable one
in the annals of the Association.
To the associates of the librarian on the staff of
the Library of Congress who have ably and devotedly
co-operated with their chief in showing treasures,
and in explaining methods of the great institution
with which they are connected; and to express our
deep sense of obligation and gratitude to the Library oc-nniPT ntr TUJ? TPc-^crrpc'j? j AKTTI AT>V
of (Congress as the National Tibrary in fact, and in REPORT OF THE TREASURER, JANUARY i—
spirit, if not in name; and to testify to the immeas- APRIL 30, 1914
urable service rendered to the libraries and the Receipts
library movement of this country by the labors and . *
activities undertaken by that institution for the Balance, Union Trust Company, Chicago, Jan.
common good. if 19*4 • •••.• $3,392.65
To the District of Columbia Library Association, Headquarters collections 4,869.15
for most effective aid in all plans regarding the Trustees Endowment Fund, interest 175.00
conference, and for the delightful reception on Thurs- Interest, January-April, 1914 22.17
day evening, which gave great pleasure to all who
could attend it. $8,458.97
To the members of the board of trustees of the Expenditures
Public Library of the District of Columbia, for de- Checks No. 52-56 (Vouchers No. 807-
voting a large portion of their building to the pur- 882, incl.) $3,302.95
poses of the interesting and novel exhibition of labor* Distributed as follows:
saving devices and library equipment, which has Bulletin $ 247.27
proved to be a feature of the conference. Conference 15. 50
To the librarian, Dr. George F. Bowerman, and his Committees 267.00
assistants, for assembling and displaying to advan- Headquarters:
tage this exhibit; and to all members of the staff of Salaries 1,700.00
the Public Library of the District of Columbia for Additional services 205.15
many courtesies. Supplies 251.65
To Dr. Bowerman and his associates on the local Miscellaneous 375*35
entertainment committee whose constant and untir- Postage 187.69
ing attention to the interests and welfare of the Travel 53-34
visiting members of the Association have contributed $3,302.95
to the eminent success of this thirty-sixth conference. Balance, Union Trust Co., Chicago $5,156.02
To other librarians of the District of Columbia, for Qt g. Utley, Balance, Nat. Bank of the
many attentions kindly shown to the members of the Republic 250.00
Association. Due from Publishing Board on 1913 account 500.00
To Dr. J. Franklin Jameson, Mr. John Foster Carr,
Dr. P, P Claxton,. Mr. H. W. Kent, and Miss Leila Total balance $5,906.02
Mechlin, for their informing and felicitous addresses.
To the press of the city of Washington, for ex- JAMES L. WHITNEY FUND
tended and accurate reports of the proceedings of the Principal and interest, Dec. 31, 1913 $126.76
Association. Interest January i 1914 i 83
To the manager of the New Willard Hotel, for Third instaiment, February* is', ' 1914 ' '• '• '• •' " '- '• '• '• *2.6a
obliging services freely rendered in connection with _______
the conduct of the business of the Association at $151 21
headquarters. (Signed) C. B. RoDEN, Treasurer.
W T' PORTER A' L' A' PUBLISHING BOARD
ELISA M. WUJJUID, FROM a comparison of the sales reports cov-
ering the last ten years, the consistent and
REPORT OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE CARNEGIE permanent growth of the business administered
AND ENDOWMENT FUNDS by the A. L. A. Publishing Board may be noted,
The only change in the investments is the During this period, the annual receipts have
addition of one United States Steel bond, more than tripled. With an available capital
which has been added to the principal account amounting to but $4,000 annually, the gross
of the Endowment Fund. The principal ac- business now amounts to from $12,000 to
count has now $8,000 in United States Steel $16,000 yearly.
bonds. The trustees were enabled to purchase A. L. A. Booklist. — Under its new editorship,
this bond by the addition of new life member- the Booklist has during the past year main-
ships during 1913, but were obliged to borrow tained its tradition of unbiased evaluation of
temporarily $150 from the surplus fund, in the current publications and well-formulated policy
expectation that six more life memberships of serving particularly the smaller and
July, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
541
medium-sized libraries of the country as a
guide in book selection. With the completion
of vol. 10 in June of this year, the board again
has under careful consideration the suggestion
that the name, size and character of the Book-
list should be changed to enlist the interest of
the general public, so as to serve in purchases
for private libraries as well as public collec-
tions. Difficulty in satisfactorily merging these
two purposes is self-evident. At the last
meeting of the Council, the subject was re-
vived in a communication from Mr. John
Cotton Dana, who has been the chief advo-
cate of the proposed change of policy. The
board was requested to invite suggestions,
through the library press, for a suitable name
and for other desirable changes. This was
done, but the responses have been neither
numerous, convincing, nor otherwise encour-
aging. Protests against changes have also
been received.
The removal of the editorial offices from
Madison to Chicago involved reorganization
of the staff of collaborators. This was suc-
cessfully accomplished.
It is becoming quite the custom in large
and small libraries to keep the records of
books read for the library by various mem-
bers of the staff. If these notes are dupli-
cated and sent to the Booklist they make an
invaluable aid in selection and note writing.
Such help is earnestly solicited, as only in this
way can the Booklist work be what it should
be, truly co-operative.
There is a very real need for the subject
index to the Booklist to be continued. It
will be recalled that a subject index to vols.
1-6 was issued, and later one for vol. 7. The
sale was very far from satisfactory, the board
losing on both pamphlets. The secretary is
about to circularize libraries in the hope of
getting sufficient response to justify the issu-
ing of a subject index to vols. 8 to 10, in-
clusive.
Periodical Cards. — Recently the New York
Public Library signified its desire to with-
draw as one of the five co-operating libraries
in the preparation of copy for the A. L. A.
analytical periodical cards. The library of
the University of Illinois has consented to
take its place. Plans are being formulated to
offer to libraries the alternative of subscribing
for a complete set or a partial set limited to
the more popular periodicals. During the
period of eleven months covered by this re-
port, thirteen shipments of cards have been
sent out, comprising 3,597 new titles and 133
reprints. The number of cards printed was
256,850.
Publications. — Nineteen chapters of the
A. L. A. "Manual of library economy" have
thus far been printed as separate pamphlets.
The Manual when completed will contain
thirty-two chapters. In addition to those al-
ready printed, "State libraries," by Mr. Wyer,
will be ready in June, and "Government docu-
ments," by the same author, is ready for print-
ing. "Book selection," by Miss Bascom,
"Catalog," by Miss Gooch, "Bibliography," by
Miss Mudge, and "Library work with the
blind," by Mrs. Delfino, are well advanced.
Mr. Ward is to develop "High school libra-
ries," and Miss Elliott will write of "Fixtures,
furniture, fittings." "Special libraries," "Class-
ification," "Pamphlets, clippings, maps, music,
prints," "The public library and the public
schools," and "Museums, lectures, art gal-
leries and libraries" are still unassigned.
Besides printing four chapters of the Man-
ual, several reprints have been issued. New
publications planned include an A. L. A. "In-
dex to general literature, supplement, 1900-
1910," analytical cards for the fourteen vol-
umes of "Great debates in American history,"
an index to kindergarten songs, a graded list
of stories for reading aloud, "Cataloging for
small libraries," a supplement to Kroeger's
"Guide to reference books," and a pamphlet
on library advertising and publicity.
Advertising. — As in previous years, the
principal advertising has been done by direct
circularization of libraries, as this has been
found the most effective way of reaching the
libraries of the country. Advertisements have,
however, been continued regularly in LIBRARY
JOURNAL and Public Libraries, with occasional
small announcements in the Dial, the Survey,
etc. Review copies of new publications are
sent to about a dozen magazines and some of
the prominent newspapers. It is the aim of
the board to keep all the libraries of the
United States and Canada informed of the
publications issued by the board.
Particular efforts this year have been put
forth to advertise the A. L. A. Booklist. In
the fall a select list of the "live" libraries
which do not subscribe to the Booklist, or are
not supplied through their state library com-
missions, was appealed to, about 500 circulars
being mailed to as many libraries accompanied
with a sample copy of the Booklist. This re-
sulted in about 75 new subscriptions. In Jan-
uary, 317 of the leading booksellers were ad-
dressed, the value of the Booklist to their
business explained, and sample copy sent.
This resulted, however, in only 20 new sub-
scriptions.
HENRY E. LEGLER, Chairman.
542
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[July, 1914
WASHINGTON MEETING OF PUBLISHING BOARD
The Publishing Board held a meeting, May
26, in the New Willard Hotel. Those present
were Chairman Legler, and Messrs Andrews,
Bostwick, and Wellman.
Consideration of certain matters connected
with the A. L. A. Booklist first received the
attention of the Board. Miss Massee, the
editor of the Booklist, appeared before the
Board and joined in the discussion of certain
phases of the work. The Board fully and
frankly discussed the question of changing the
name of the Booklist in compliance with the
request of the Council at its mid-winter meet-
ing that a report on the Booklist be submitted
by the Board to the Council. Messrs. Andrews
and Wellman were appointed a committee to
draft a report for presentation to the Council
embodying the Board's views on this subject,
and presented their report at the meeting of
the Council on May 28. (Their report will
be found incorporated in the minutes of the
Council.)
The suggestion was made that a supplement
to the Booklist calling attention to books suit-
able to the smallest libraries, the number not
to exceed approximately 120 titles a year, be
published. It was voted that this matter be
referred to the editor of the Booklist and
the chairman of the Publishing Board with
power.
Plans are under way for the publication
of a book on plans of small library buildings,
a pamphlet listing certain exceptions for the
subject headings in a children's catalog, a new
edition of Miss Hitchler's "Cataloging for
small libraries," a list of all material avail-
able without cost which would be useful to
small libraries, an index to kindergarten songs,
a supplement to the "A. L. A. Index to gen-
eral literature" and cards for "Great debates
in American history."
The New York Public Library, at its own
request, has been relieved from contributing
copy to the analytical periodical card work
and the University of Illinois Library has
consented to take up the work. A vote of
thanks was unanimously passed to the New
York Public Library for its services extend-
ing over a period of several years.
A number of other matters of routine bus-
iness were transacted.
PROFESSIONAL TRAINING SECTION
The sixth annual meeting was called to
order Tuesday afternoon, May 26, by the
chairman, Miss Corinne Bacon, who an-
nounced that the formal business meeting
would be held immediately after the close
of the program. A nominating committee
was appointed, consisting of Miss Ernestine
Rose, Miss Alice S. Tyler and Mr. Edward
F. Stevens. They were requested to have
their report ready to present at the business
meeting.
The first section of the program was de-
voted to a symposium on "The fate averted
from libraries by library school entrance ex-
aminations." The speakers were Miss June
Richardson Donnelly. Miss Josephine Adams
Rathbone and Miss Mary Wright Plummer.
Miss Donnelly said that the examination
was but one means of testing but one quali-
fication of a candidate, the educational and
cultural background; but that it was a con-
venient help to the great problem of fitting
the vocation and the worker. That, in doing
this, there were three elements involved.
(1) The importance of safeguarding the
libraries in every way from getting assistants
who were incompetent.
(2) The desirability, for the reputation
and efficiency of the schools, of not admit-
ting material which should be a clog.
(3) The even greater fundamental im-
portance of testing the candidates as fairly
and fully as possible, for their own sakes,
that those unsuited to the work might be
turned away before they had wasted time
and money and had lost other opportunities
which might have led to success, and that
those who were well adapted to the work
might be recognized, even when their formal
academic credits might not seem, until so
tested, to render them as eligible as others.
Miss Donnelly said, further, that the
entrance examination might not be suffi-
cient in itself, but that it did cut out auto-
matically those hopelessly below par; and
that, in addition, it tested the value of certi-
ficates given by educational institutions, and
permitted the school to supplement its knowl-
edge of the ability of the applicants in sub-
jects which even college work might not have
tested. A good examination should do more
than test the memory of facts crammed for
an occasion. It should test spelling and Eng-
lish, the ability to read and copy accurately
from the printed page. It should show what
fund of "things commonly known" the can-
didate owned ; and should include questions
planned to give the candidates an opportunity
to show a grasp of the subject, to marshal
their knowledge into a logical order, and to
show what critical judgment they have.
Miss Donnelly said she had wondered con-
siderably in recent years whether history, lit-
erature and languages were sufficient for ex-
July, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
543
amination, and whether familiarity with the
natural sciences and sociological subjects was
not as necessary for a library worker as the
traditional subjects.
Finally, the examination should be used as
a useful auxiliary to a preliminary broad
education.
Following Miss Donnelly, Miss Rathbone
said that the profession at large was respon-
sible for the attraction to library work of the
most fit among the on-coming generation.
That among those thus attracted, it was the
function of the library schools to select. Se-
lection implied rejection, the aspect implied
by the title of the symposium.
The title suggested two questions : ( I )
What was the fate to be averted? (2) Was
it averted by the library schools?
In answer to these questions, Miss Rath-
bone said that the fate was, presumably, the
invasion of the profession by the ignorant, the
inefficient, the lazy, and all the other well-
known varieties of the unfit. As to whether
the fate was actually averted, she stated that
to do so would mean to guard all gate-ways
into the profession, 'which it was evident the
schools could not do.
Even for the schools themselves, this fate
was not averted by the entrance examinations.
Every school graduated students of whose fit-
ness there was some doubt; on the other
hand, desirable material was sometimes shut
out. On the whole, the examiner could tell
at least as much about an unseen candidate
by a skilfully planned examination as by any
other means; less from the amount of defi-
nite information given than by the presenta-
tion of subjects. Judgment, power of discrim-
ination, systematic and orderly habits of mind,
originality, resourcefulness, mental alertness,
could all be tested; and such an examination
constituted at least as fair a test of such
qualities as did the possession of an A.B. or
a Ph.B.
Miss Rathbone felt that the Pratt Institute
entrance examinations had done as much to
guard that school, if not the profession at
large, from the invasion of the unfit, as any
other form of entrance requirement could
do.
Miss Plummer opened her part of the dis-
cussion by showing in what three ways li-
brary school entrance examinations differed,
or should differ, from the final examinations
given in high schools and colleges, (i) The
school or college knows its student — the li-
brary school, as a rule, examines a stranger.
(2) The school or college examines on a
•definite course of instruction to see if the
student retains correct impressions. The li-
brary school has to discover a test of the con-
tents of a student's mind in certain large
fields of knowledge related to library work.
(3) The school or college is preparing for
no definite or limited purpose, and will have
no opportunity of testing its product in actual
work. The library school must test its stu-
dents' educational equipment for a definite
work, since its product will be put to work
immediately upon graduation; and its failure
in respect to education will probably reflect
upon the library school as being unable to
give a real test.
Miss Plummer said that, for these reasons,
it was not safe to accept without question
the diploma of high school or college. She
emphasized the point thai correct answers to
questions were not all that should be consid-
ered significant in an examination. Honesty,
frankness, depth of information, versatility,
social and educational background, maturity,
sense of proportion and values, and many
other qualities, as well as their opposites or
negations, might be read between the lines
of an examination paper.
This point was illustrated by a number of
curious answers to examination questions,
which were illuminating and suggestive; and
which, as Miss Plummer pointed out, showed
one reason why librarians have such hard
wcrk to get themselves recognized as a pro-
fession.
A protest was registered against the ad-
mission, by libraries, to an educational work,
of young people who have nothing in their
heads as a result of their education.
The final point was a query as to whether
it would not be possible to have grades of
clerical work in libraries for those young peo-
ple whose lack of education, of inherited cul-
tivation, taste, and refinement, unfit them for
work with books and the public, keeping the
cultural, representative side of the work for
those who have the educational and cultural
equipment.
The next subject on the program was "The
selective function of library schools," pre-
sented by Mr. Frank K. Walter. He empha-
sized one of the points made by Miss Rath-
bone, that the prestige of the profession de-
pended primarily on the average ability of
its members, and that it was essential to fix
some standard of qualification necessary for
those in its ranks.
He said that one excellent professional
code had been formulated but, so far, it had
been quite inoperative. The points of view
of library trustees were many and diversified,
544
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[July, 1914
and their power of establishing their own
local standards was practically unlimited. The
selective principle, therefore, was perhaps ap-
plied nowhere else at present so thoroughly
or consistently or on so large a scale as in the
library schools.
They had, through their requirements for
entrance and graduation, maintained fairly
approximate standards; their course of study
had been definite in subjects, methods and
aim. The policy had been to keep out, from
the start, the doubtful and the obviously un-
fit. The service rendered to the profession
by this restrictive policy had been pretty gen-
erally recognized by librarians and trustees.
Dr. Bostwick, at the Ottawa conference in
1912, said, "I want to emphasize the value of
library schools as selectors, which it seems
to me is very great, transcending even, per-
haps, their great value as trainers."
The confidence generally shown toward li-
brary school graduates and the low percent-
age of failures among the students, amply
justified the selective policy, and the library
schools deserved the active support of the
profession in their attempt to select.
A few suggested methods of support were,
— to encourage good students to attend and
to discourage others; to report points in
which students had been successful as well as
those in which they had failed; to resist ac-
tively the attempts of institutional heads to
place the schools on a quantitative rather than
a qualitative basis on the matter of admission;
to point out to boards of trustees and legis-
lative bodies definite cases in which the care-
ful work of the schools had been of service
to the community or the state.
The principle of selection needed to be im-
pressed more insistently on conductors of
training classes, summer schools and all other
agencies which professedly train, or which
properly can train, only for minor positions.
The assistant, no less than the department
head, should be carefully selected and care-
fully instructed.
The A. L. A. could very perceptibly raise
the standard of the whole profession by en-
couraging the establishment of well-planned
courses of training to replace the hit-or-miss
methods which are so often all the minor as-
sistants get, and by using its influence to have
admission to any grade of library service lim-
ited to the very best persons possible under
local financial limitations.
Dr. Azariah S. Root was called on to dis-
cuss the topic. He said that he was glad to
have such emphasis placed on the selective
function of the schools ; and that he wondered
if the selective function had gone far enough;
or whether there should not be a raising of
the educational standard. This, however,
would be dependent largely upon whether the
libraries were ready to pay for the advance
in standard.
Dr. Root approved heartily of Miss Plum-
mer's suggestion that there should be a dis-
tinction between the clerical worker in a li-
brary and the more highly educated and
trained worker. With this distinction, libra-
ries could take a general standard of higher
wage to maintain their highly trained assist-
ants.
The next paper on the program was by
Miss Annie Carroll Moore, on "Training for
the work of the children's librarian."
Miss Moore spoke of the necessity for spe-
cial training for this work, and gave the out-
line for assistants qualifying for the children's
librarian's grade in the New York Public Li-
brary, to be used as a basis for preparing a
thesis on the work of a children's room.
In preparing her own paper, Miss Moore
had sent out a questionnaire to her associates
in work, asking what library work for children
really was, what subjects should be included
in a one year course of special training for a
children's librarian, and what subjects should
be emphasized as best adapted to meet the
needs in the work. From the forty-five an-
swers received, and a survey of existing needs
in the field of work with children through-
out the Country, Miss Moore made the follow-
ing recommendation for a one-year course :
(1) Weekly lecture and discussion on
literature for children.
(2) Weekly lectures and discussions re-
lating to the children's room itself.
(3) Supervised practice of a progressive
character including, if possible, two months
of actual administration of a children's room.
(4) Lectures on children's rooms and their
problems in large and small libraries, taking
up history of library work with children, re-
lation of children's library to child welfare
movements, etc.
(5) Field work; visits to museums, art
galleries, schools, book shops, institutions con-
nected with the welfare of children, etc.
(6) Special courses to be made elective,
outside the library at a university or special
school where the library student would have
the liberalizing influence of contact with
other students.
Miss Moore said that the need for strong
workers was so urgent that she was moved
to ask that practice work in large libraries
be given its full measure of value by library
July, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
545
schools, and by the libraries themselves, and
that students specializing in work with chil-
dren be taught to conceive of it in terms of
more responsible accomplishment during their
student experience.
Following Miss Moore, the chairman called
for reports on any new courses in library
training offered by either libraries or library
schools during the year.
Dr. Frank P. Hill told of the course to be
offered this coming year, by the Brooklyn
Public Library, for training children's libra-
rians.
Miss Alice S. Tyler reported on. the course
given by the Western Reserve University
Library School this last year on "The public
library and community welfare." She said
that it had so far proved its value that it
would be given again next year; and that, in
order to make room for it, the cataloging
course had been reduced by ten lectures, with
no harmful results.
Miss Plummer reported a new municipal
reference course to be given this next year
by the Library School of the New York Pub-
lic Library. This course was made possible
by the fact that the New York Municipal
reference library had recently become a
branch of the Public Library.
Mr. M. S. Dudgeon spoke of the admin-
istration course given last year by the Library
School of the University of Wisconsin. He
said that this first year the legislative refer-
ence work had been emphasized, and that
practical work had been done mostly with
the state departments.
This closed the program, and, immediately
following, the business meeting was called to
order.
Miss Tyler, chairman of the committee on
the revision of the by-laws, presented the com-
mittee's report, which was voted on, section
by section, and adopted with very few al-
terations.
The nominating committee reported the
following names for election to office for the
coming year: Chairman, Miss Frances Simp-
son, assistant director, University of Illinois
Library School, Urbana, 111.; vice-chairman,
Miss Agnes Van Valkenburgh, instructor, Li-
brary School, New York Public Library;
secretary, Miss Julia A. Hopkins, principal,
Brooklyn Public Library Training Classes.
The secretary was directed to cast a ballot
for the entire ticket. On motion, the meet-
ing adjourned.
JULIA A. HOPKINS, Secretary,
Professional Training Section, A. L. A.
AGRICULTURAL LIBRARIES SECTION
THE meeting of the Agricultural Libraries
Section took place on Tuesday afternoon in
the small ballroom of the New Willard and was
presided over by the chairman of the section,
Miss Claribel R. Barnett, librarian of the
United States Department of Agriculture.
About, eighty were present — the largest at-
tendance the section has ever had. "Some op-
portunities and problems of the agricultural
libraries" was the general subject. The meet-
ing was opened by the chairman, who said
that the afternoon would be largely de-
voted to open discussion in hope that a large
number would take part and so become better
acquainted with each other's needs and prob-
lems. The section was established largely to
give impetus, to arouse greater interest in the
opportunities of usefulness presented to libra-
ries of the agricultural colleges and experiment
stations, many of which institutions do not yet
give their libraries the attention and equip-
ment they deserve. The section also hopes to
be a means of carrying on certain co-operative
undertakings helpful to all agricultural libra-
ries, to help work out standard administrative
policies for such libraries, to bring about
closer relationship between them and the De-
partment of Agriculture, to minimize waste of
work and waste of money, and in general to
increase the good results from the money
available for agricultural libraries. Co-oper-
ative book-buying might be arranged, where
each library would specialize on a single line
with the understanding that books would be
freely lent. In the field of indexing and in
the evaluation of agricultural literature more
could also be done.
The next paper was on the "Scope and cur-
rent cost of libraries in the land grant agri-
cultural colleges," written by Prof. William H.
Powers, librarian of the South Dakota State
College of Agriculture, and read by Mr.
Charles R. Green, librarian of the Massachu-
setts Agricultural College. Prof. Powers would
have the library be (i) a fairly good general
library; (2) a good reference library in the
college courses; and (3) as complete a working
library as possible for the lines of research
carried on in the college. For the annual up-
keep of a library in an agricultural college of
600 students, he estimates that about $1,800
would be needed. This would be used for
books and binding only. Letters were sent to
the twenty-five colleges of agriculture not di-
rectly connected with a university. From the
replies sent by about a dozen of them, Prof.
Powers arranged several tables of statistics.
Prof. Powers' paper suggested many inter-
esting points for discussion and showed clearly
546
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[July, 1914
the possibility, through co-operation, of work-
ing out some standards of administration for
the libraries of the agricultural colleges and
experiment stations. The value of such a
standardization was also made apparent. It
would simplify many problems in the admin-
istration of these libraries. There was, how-
ever, considerable difference of opinion among
those present as to the adequacy of the r-al-
aries recommended by Professor Powers.
Mrs. Landon, librarian of the Michigan
Agricultural College, in commenting on what
Prof. Powers had said about borrowing books
and periodicals from the library of the De-
partment of Agriculture, said that her library
made frequent use of this privilege. She also
suggested the desirability of a union check
list of the agricultural periodicals contained
in the libraries of the state agricultural col-
leges and experiment stations.
The next paper on the program was to have
been one on "Agricultural periodicals" by Mr.
Wm. M. Hepburn, librarian of Purdue Uni-
versity, but Mr. Hepburn was not able to be
present and unfortunately his paper arrived
too late to be read at the meeting.
Mr. Hepburn has made a special study of
agricultural periodicals and the data which
he has collected will no doubt be helpful when
published, as the subject of agricultural period-
icals is one which is of special interest to agri-
cultural libraries and is, in a limited way, of
considerable interest to many public libraries.
The problem of which to take currently, which
to keep permanently and which ones to index
is a difficult one and we need all the light
possible on the subject.
Mr. H. W. Wilson, of the H. W. Wilson Co.,
was called upon for a statement as to his plans
for indexing agricultural periodicals. Mr.
Wilson said he had plans for undertaking an
index to agricultural periodicals although there
will be some delay in carrying out the plans.
A vote was recently taken among about fifty
libraries to determine what special fields should
be covered and while he had thought that
agriculture stood first he found that there was
most demand for an index to literature on
social problems. It is quite likely that that
will be taken first, but agriculture will come
second. By the first of next year he will prob-
ably be ready to begin it and it will cover the
best periodicals, those that have a general or
wide circulation, and government documents
and pamphlets.
Following Mr. Wilson's remarks there was
much animated discussion on various points
which had been touched upon in the preceding
papers. The public library's interest in agri-
cultural literature was represented by Mr. S.
H. Ranck, librarian of the Grand Rapids Pub-
lic Library, and by Mr. J. F. Daniels, librarian
of Riverside Public Library, California, both
of which libraries have large collections of
agricultural literature. Mr. Ranck called at-
tention to the fact that there is a constantly
growing interest on the part of people in the
cities in every phase of agriculture and that
his library is frequently asked for advice as
to the best periodicals and books on various
agricultural subjects. The work of the county
library and its problems in getting agricultural
information to the farmer in predigested form
was touched upon by Mr. E. I. Antrim, a trus-
tee of the Brumback Library of Van Wert
county, Ohio. He also spoke of the need
for the agricultural colleges and experiment
stations to get into close touch with the va-
rious libraries of the states that they repre-
sent in order that the information obtained
by these institutions and by the Department
of Agriculture as a result of their investiga-
tions may be brought directly to the farmers.
Mr. Antrim was followed by Dr. E. W.
Allen, assistant director of the Office of Ex-
periment Stations, Department of Agricul-
ture. As it is one of Dr. Allen's official du-
ties to visit the state agricultural colleges and
experiment stations, he has had an unusual
opportunity to see the needs and opportuni-
ties of their libraries. It was therefore a
special privilege to hear from him at this
meeting. He spoke in part as follows :
"The last speaker has touched upon a very
important matter, it seems to me, that is, get-
ting the information directly to the farmers,
because the farmers are becoming more and
more a reading people. We have just started
in this country a new line of extension work
which has been referred to, and which will
rapidly take on a much broader scope, and
will accomplish in a measure what has been
suggested, for Congress has just passed an act,
known as the Smith-Lever bill, which will
provide for agricultural extension in every
state in the Union. Five per cent, of the fed-
eral appropriation may be used for getting out
popular publications. Some of the money will
also be available for library purposes. A great
deal of this extension work will be carried on
through county agencies, a system which has
already been inaugurated in many of the
states in the North and South, and has proved
its usefulness.
"If we should have an agent in every county
we would have some 3,000 centers in this
country which might act as advisors to country
libraries, because there is a great demand, as
I know by correspondence which comes to me
from city, town and country libraries, for
July, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
547
available information as to publications relat-
ing to agriculture.
"I have gone around to the agricultural col-
leges and stations several times. There is a
great diversity in these libraries, and in many
places a great lack of efficiency. I believe
myself that a librarian could be of the very
greatest usefulness and could conserve the
time of the investigators. I have sometimes
thought that the field of the librarian in the
experiment stations might be broadened a lit-
tle by including some connection with the
editing of publications. Librarians are trained
to look at books from the standpoint of a fin-
ished product, and their work has given them
good judgment as to arrangement, etc. If, in
connection with their other work, it would
not be a difficult matter for librarians to equip
themselves along this line and give a little
attention to the matter of proofreading, etc.,
I think they could be of immense assistance to
the experiment stations in the better editing
of station publications and in bringing about a
greater measure of uniformity.
"This brings up the problem of how to
make available good material that is in some
of the best agricultural periodicals and which
deserves attention. Through the Experiment
Station Record we attempt to make a sys-
tematic review of the literature bearing on ex-
periments as far as we are able to get hold
of it, and through the indexes to make that
available, but we do not attempt to take up
popular articles. The extension workers will,
on the other hand, need somebody to go over
this good popular material and to call it to
their attention."
In the discussion wnich followed Dr. Allen's
talk there was much interest manifested in his
suggestion as to the better editing of station
publications and the part which librarians
might take in the work. As a result, a com-
mittee was appointed to undertake the work
of making some definite suggestions in regard
to the form of station publications to present
to the Association of American Agricul-
tural Colleges and Experiment Stations at
its meeting in Washington in November. The
following were appointed as members of the
committee : Miss E. L. Ogden, librarian, Office
of Experiment Stations, Department of Agri-
culture ; Mr. Charles R. Green, librarian, Mas-
sachusetts Agricultural College ; and Mr. Clar-
ence S. Hean, librarian of the College of Agri-
culture, University of Wisconsin.
Another matter which called forth interest-
ing discussion was the question as to whether
it would be advisable for the section to at-
tempt to prepare a small handbook on the ar-
rangement and care of small agricultural col-
lections. It seemed to be the unanimous opin-
ion of those present that such a handbook
would be very useful, and it was voted that a
committee be appointed by the chairman to
consider the matter and to prepare the hand-
book if it was deemed feasible. As it is im-
portant that those on the committee be espe-
cially interested in the subject, the chairman
made a plea for volunteers for the work. Sug-
gestions as to the scope of the handbook are
also requested.
The meeting adjourned with the appointment
of the following committee to nominate a
chairman for the next meeting of the section,
namely, Mr. Charles R. Green, Miss Emma B.
Hawks and Mr. A. B. Smith. The committee
made its report at the close of the joint ses-
sion of the League of Library Commissions
and the Agricultural Libraries Section on
Thursday morning and presented the name of
Mrs. Ida A. Kidder, librarian of the Oregon
Agricultural College, Corvallis. The report
of the committee was unanimously accepted,
and Mrs. Kidder was made chairman.
CLARIBEL R. BARNETT.
CATALOGING SECTION
The two sessions of the Cataloging Section
had a single program, or, in other words, the
second session was an adjourned meeting con-
tinuing the unfinished papers of the previous
day. As described by the chairman, Mr. Mar-
tel, the meetings were planned to give brief
descriptions of the cataloging systems of a
number of the notable department and insti-
tutional libraries of Washington, with special
reference to the use of printed cards, their
adaptation for large and small libraries, special
catalogs, etc.
The meetings culminated both by force of
the obvious deductions drawn from the papers
read and by force of the logic of the situation,
in the adoption of a resolution expressing the
feeling of appreciation of the Cataloging Sec-
tion of the work of Mr. Martel, Mr. Hanson,
Mr. Hastings, and the staff of the Library of
Congress, in planning and producing the
printed cards. It was stated that this, the
first meeting in Washington, since the issue
of printed cards, gave an appropriate oppor-
tunity to the generation of catalogers who are
enjoying the fruits of the labors of the Li-
brary of Congress to express their apprecia-
tion.
The thirteen speakers described the catalogs
of their respective libraries, and in the telling,
showed the strong spirit of co-operation and
mutual helpfulness existing among them, and
more especially between them and the Li-
brary of Congress. Owing to the generosity
548
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
{July, 1914
of the latter library in lending its books, these
special libraries in many cases file in their cat-
alogs Library of Congress cards for books on
their specialties, which they do not themselves
possess, but which are in the Library of Con-
gress. Other lines of co-operation were
brought out, such as the printing of the de-
partment cards, and the printing of the special
index headings used by the department or
bureau (printed in brackets) in addition to
the Library of Congress headings.
The code of classification was reported on
by the committee having the work in hand;
the report of the committee on the cost of
cataloging was read at a session of head cat-
alogers, held after the regular meeting. A
wide range of opinion was voiced varying from
a belief in a very mild to an extreme form of
investigation.
The officers for the ensuing year were
elected as follows : Dr. Edwin Wiley, Univer-
sity of California Library, chairman; Miss
Mary Louise Sutliffe, Library School of the
New York Public Library, secretary.
Suggestions for subjects of discussion for
the next convention were asked for, and
among others advanced were the code for
classifiers, and that of the training of catalog-
ers. The latter subject raised considerable
comment owing to the general opinion among
those present, that the subject of cataloging
is being neglected by the library schools.
EDITH P. BUCKNAM, Secretary.
CHILDREN'S LIBRARIANS SECTION
THE Children's Librarians Section met on
Wednesday morning, with Miss Agnes Cow-
ing, children's librarian, Pratt Institute Free
Library, Brooklyn, in the chair.
The work of the Children's Bureau was de-
scribed by its librarian, Miss Laura A. Thomp-
son. The Bureau was established by act of
Congress in 1912, as one of the four bureaus
under the Department of Labor. Its duties
are defined by statute as follows : "The said
Bureau shall investigate and report on all
matters pertaining to the welfare of children
and child life among all classes of our peo-
ple, and shall especially investigate the ques-
tions of infant mortality, the birth-rate,
orphanage, juvenile courts, desertion, danger-
ous occupations, accidents and diseases of
children, employment, legislation affecting
children in the several states and territories,"
thus confining its work to investigation and
publicity. It was provided with a staff of fif-
teen persons and an annual income of $30,000,
with which it has taken up the first of the
subjects assigned to it; namely, infant mor-
tality, a subject challenging the attention of
the whole civilized world. Since the decen-
nial statistics of the United States Census
Bureau leave a gap as to the number of in-
fants who are born and die each year, the
Bureau made a campaign of birth registration
through a published pamphlet and a registra-
tion test, beginning its study at Johnstown,
Pa., where homes were visited and records
kept for a year of the child's life. The in-
vestigation, covering 1,533 cases, stirred up
the authorities to better sanitary conditions.
Two important publications of the Bureau
are: "Baby saving campaigns, a preliminary
report of what American cities are doing to
prevent infant mortality" and "Prenatal care,"
now in its fourth printing; to be followed by
a pamphlet on the care during the first two
years of life, about ready for the press.
In the field of child labor, the Bureau has
prepared a review of the laws in the different
states, which is soon to be published. It is
also publishing a "Handbook of federal sta-
tistics of children" in four sections, the first
already in print; and a compilation of the
mother's pension laws in various states. It
is besieged from all points with inquiries on
the subjects of its investigations, which it is
not the least important of its duties to answer,
and which indicate the interest and value to
the community of its work.
Following Miss Thompson's paper, Miss
Annie Carroll Moore, supervisor of work with
children, New York Public Library, spoke of
the great value of the Bureau in dignifying
the work for children, and of its relation to
the work of children's libraries. She quoted
from Horace E. Scudder's "Children in liter-
ature and art," the right of every child to a
happy childhood. While deploring the danger
of child exploitation, and the superficiality of
present children's literature, she prophesied
that co-ordination of the different movements
for child welfare will help to bring about a
balance.
Miss Julia C. Lathrop, chief of the Chil-
dren's Bureau, defined as the aim of the li-
brary of the Bureau: To follow the move-
ment of the world in children's literature
rather than to collect children's classics. The
contribution of the Bureau toward the child's
right to happiness aims to give it a well body,
a good home, healthy surroundings, and nor-
mal amusements. Miss Lathrop considered
librarians the best aids in furthering child
welfare because of their affable relation to-
ward all the world, including parents, a more
successful attitude than that of either teach-
ers or sociologists, and she bespoke their ad-
vocacy of the literature of the Children's
Bureau.
July, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
549
To Miss Hewins' inquiry, "What literature
is the library of the Bureau accumulating?"
Miss Lathrop replied, "Foreign literature on
the subjects of its investigation, pamphlets,
and reports." Miss Hewins suggested that the
Bureau should work, not for children's libra-
ries, but for parents and workers, that it
should be an advisory library for adults. In
response to inquiries about starting children's
libraries she told of the first movement for
a separate room for the children in Hartford
and other libraries, and of the "home libraries"
movement initiated in Boston, Pittsburgh,
Hartford, and elsewhere, as a preliminary to
the children's department in the public li-
brary.
Miss Cowing asked the possibility of co-
operation in the matter of exhibits, and Miss
Lathrop responded that beside having welfare
exhibits, the libraries could help by gathering
accurate information in each locality to enable
the Bureau to keep their material constantly
revised.
"Children's books," the second topic of the
meeting, was ably presented by Miss Mary
Ely, head of the children's department, Pub-
lic Library, Dayton, Ohio. The problem of the
cheap book was taken up and proved by the
elimination of other sources of help to be
strictly the librarian's problem at the present
time. Miss Ely brought out the great sale
of bargain books, the large proportion of them
read compared with the reading of good books
from the library, the attractive features of
cheapness and excitement, and their vitiating
influence. She told in detail of what she
found in the largest book department in Day-
ton; namely, a few useful books and good
editions on obscure shelves; so-called classics,
"written down" till all literary value was elim-
inated; crudely colored, vulgar picture books;
and most popular, long series of sensational
stories with false standards of life, slangy ex-
pression, and poor paper and print. The book-
seller, author, publisher, parent and teacher,
she found, for the time being, unequal to solv-
ing this problem of the children's reading, and
looked to the librarian, through exhibits, talks,
lists, and less costly editions, to make good
books read and desired. This paper will be
reprinted in the Publishers' Weekly in an early
issue.
Mr. Franklin K. Mathiews, chief librarian
of the Boy Scouts of America, talked of the
Boy Scout library. He said that the move-
ment was built on the gang spirit, the very
factor which cheap authors had used to sell
the "nickel novel." The leaders of the move-
ment, in taking over the periodical Boy Life,
used this spirit and hero-worship to build up
the paper while making it popular. He con-
sidered the book the greatest power over the
boy in his 'teens, so that the pseudo "Boy
Scout" literature is a menace, and the cheap
book is but the "nickel novel" attractively
bound. The library commission of the Boy
Scout movement has secured the co-operation
of publishers, authors, and book-sellers to es-
tablish the "Every Boy's Library" series along
the lines of popularity by having good boys'
literature reprinted in an inexpensive edition
to satisy the public demand for cheap books.
The hope for good reading, in his opinion, lies
with the parents, and in the co-operation of
the librarian. Mr. Mathiew's paper was
printed in the Publishers' Weekly for May
30th.
Mr. Edward F. Stevens, librarian of Pratt
Institute Free Library, stated that the chil-
dren's librarians have united themselves to
this movement and their suggestions have been
used by its leaders. The Boy Scout movement
takes the child where the children's room
gives him up, at the age of twelve or four-
teen, and carries him on, adolescent rooms,
to supplement the children's rooms, being still
an ideal of the future.
IRENE A. HACKETT.
COLLEGE AND REFERENCE SECTION
Following the joint meeting of the College
and Reference Section with the League of
Library Commissions on Wednesday after-
noon, a business meeting, attended by twenty
or more college librarians, was held.
At that meeting it was moved that the offi-
cers of the College and Reference Library Sec-
tion make investigation as to the advisability
of holding section meetings for the college
librarians apart from those for reference lib-
rarians. A motion was also passed authoriz-
ing the officers of the section to consider the
advisability of printing abstract papers pre-
vious to the convention meetings. After some
discussion concerning officers and form of or-
ganization, it was the sense of the meeting that
the present form be kept for another year at
least. The following officers were elected:
Chairman, Miss Sarah B. Askew of New Jer-
sey; associate members of the executive com-
mittee, Mr. H. S. Leupp of the University of
California, and Prof. A. S. Root of Oberlin.
It was a disappointment to the college libra-
rians present that more was not offered on
the program for their special needs, but with
the increasing number of branches of library
service it becomes increasingly difficult to
provide for everyone, and the college libra-
rians can only hope that their turn may come
next year.
550
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
{July, 1914
BRANCH LIBRARIANS ROUND TABLE
The branch librarians met in the large ball-
room of the New Willard on Thursday after-
noon. Dr. Bostwick read the first paper, on
"Conflicts of jurisdiction in library systems."
Since the development of a departmental sys-
tem in any large institution is usually grad-
ual, resulting from the increasing need by its
head of aid in administration, it follows nat-
urally that sooner or later the division into
classes will result in a cross-classification,
with corresponding cross-interests. For ex-
ample, the time comes when the children's
librarian of a branch will ask whether she
is responsible to the branch librarian or to
the supervisor of children's work. The same
possibilities of conflict exist between the
branch administration and the central depart-
ments— book order, finance, cataloging, sup-
plies, janitor, reference, or circulation. Dr.
Bostwick suggested several ways of straight-
ening out these difficulties, the best one being,
of course, intelligent and courteous co-opera-
tion under the advice and orders of the li-
brarian.
Dr. Bostwick's paper provoked consider-
able discussion. Miss Krum, of Detroit, felt
that all differences of opinion should be ad-
justed in strict privacy between branch heads
and the heads of departments. Miss Whit-
comb, the head of a Chicago branch, said
that in their library the branch librarian se-
lected the children's librarian, and in general
each branch was made as complete a unit
as possible. Mr. Legler said he felt that su-
pervisors hamper the work. The more able
they are, the more they minimize the work of
the branch librarian. Too many supervisors
reduce the branch librarian to a position
where she has only three functions, (i) to
act as reception committee, (2) to answer the
telephone, and (3) to keep statistics. Com-
mittees of branch librarians in Chicago con-
sider special questions as they come up. Mr
Jennings advocated supervision of branches
and also of children's work, while Mr. Sew-
ard, of Binghamton, felt that there is so
much machinery that we lose sight of the
movement, and no amount of system can re-
place personality. Miss Moore, of the New
York Public Library, felt it most important
to attract good workers, and a supervisor
must be able to recognize personality and
bring it in. The point was brought out that
in cities like Louisville, where colored
branches are being established, supervisors
are absolutely necessary since the workers
have had no library training.
"Reference work in branches, especially in
connection with social service," was the title
of a paper written by Langdon L. Ward, su-
pervisor of branches in Boston, and read by
Mr. Jennings, of Seattle. Every district
should have a clearing bureau of information.
In Boston, with its thirty branches, the ref-
erence work varies with the constituencj' of
each branch. Daily events are the hardest
questions to furnish material for. Many so-
cial agencies in Boston use the public library
freely. Every branch must know every social
agency in its vicinity, and not only supply
the material asked for, but from time to time
suggest other matter of interest.
Miss Florence Ov°.rton, of the New York
Public Library, read a paper on "Social ser-
vice work in the branch," in which she
described with considerable detail the work
as carried on in the Yorkville branch, of
which she was until recently the branch li-
brarian. The public library branch is be-
coming more and more a community center
. in which the personality of the branch li-
brarian is an important factor. The center
of social work must be the branch librarian,
aided by an efficient staff. She represents
the public to the administration and the ad-
ministration to the public. Community work
in the city is much harder than in a small
town, and must not be done at the expense
of other kinds of library work, but so far
as, it does not interfere with the regular
work it should be encouraged. Club meet-
ings, lectures, classes in English, all are le-
gitimate forms of community work for the
branch library to undertake.
TRUSTEES SECTION
THE meeting of the trustees' section was
held in the red room of the New Willard,
Friday morning. Judge W. T. Porter, of Cin-
cinnati, presided, and the meeting was one
of the most interesting of the conference.
Thomas L. Montgomery was the first
speaker, his subject being the "Duty of trus-
tees as to legislation." Mr. Montgomery said
that so far as he knew the duty of a trustee
in this respect was the same as that of any
other citizen. He said he had been connected
with the Pennsylvania legislature since the
time when the application of the dog tax to
library purposes was the only library legisla-
tion. In 1899, after an exciting last-minute
campaign, the bill providing for a state library
commission was passed on the last night of
the session. This made no provision for
money for the work, and for two years it was
carried on by subscriptions from library trus-
tees. The first year of the state library the
appropriation was $12,000, which has been in-
creased from time to time to the present al-
July, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
551
lowance of $30,000. Mr. Montgomery said
that he had had less trouble with legislators
than with educators who think libraries should
be a part of the school system. He also said
he thought cf trustees as men of general im-
portance in a community, rather than as hav-
ing any special interest in libraries, and he
thought they should take a more positive in-
terest. Figure head trustees do more harm
than good.
Mr. Montgomery was followed by Mr. R. R.
Bowker, whose subject, "Should libraries be
under municipal and state civil service?" he
termed a conundrum, hard because it was
complicated. He said he felt qualified to
speak on civil service as he had been interested
in the question since 1879, when he drafted
the original civil service plank, afterward
adopted in much modified form by the Re-
publicans at Chicago. It was never intended
to stop removals for cause, not to lock the
back door, but to put suitable examinations
in front. In the Brooklyn Library, of which
Mr. Bowker is a trustee, he said he believed
they had a model civil service and model
relations between trustees and librarian. The
trustees are kept fully informed of all library
matters, with the result that clearer knowl-
edge means less interference. Every stage of
the apprentices' work is watched, examinations
are held from time to time, and reports are
made to the trustees. Salaries are graded,
and increases are granted when recommended
by the librarian. Some form of civil service
in the library is desirable, the troubles incurred
in working under it being nothing to those
involved in working without it. The bogey of
locality, however, should not be permitted. It
will always be natural, other things being equal,
to give preference to a local candidate, but
when a graduate of a library school brings that
school's certificate, the certificate should be
considered equal to any local examination.
The library being a technical institution, it is
most important that all competitive tests should
be conducted by library authorities from a
library point of view.
Mr. J. T. Jennings, of Seattle, followed Mr.
Bowker in 'a discussion of the same question.
He believes in the principle of civil service,
but thinks that any civil service system ap-
plied to libraries should be under the control
of the trustees, not that of an outside state
or municipal board. He questioned fifty-three
large libraries of the country, and found only
nine under a civil service regime. Eight of
these nine promptly reported it unsatisfactory,
while the ninth was non-committal. Twenty-
eight of the libraries questioned are located
in cities having civil service commissions, but
nineteen are exempted on the ground that per-
sonality, gumption and tact, cannot be tested
by examinations. Neither the Library of Con-
gress nor the British Museum Library is un-
der civil service rules.
Arguments usually offered in favor of civil
service are that it eliminates politics, selects
the best candidates, is democratic, saves time,
and protects from removal. In actual work-
ing many of these arguments do not hold.
The system is far from ideal, though far bet-
ter than the spoils system. Objection to civil
service examinations by outside boards is
based on the fact that in many cases the ex-
amination cannot furnish any adequate test,
that geographical limitations imposed are ab-
surd, and that it makes very difficult the re-
moval of inefficient assistants. In the model
charter prepared for Los Angeles the civil
service experts recommend that removal power
be placed in the hands of the appointing officer.
Mr. Jennings closed with the statement that
the A. L. A. should go on record on this ques-
tion of municipal and state civil service as it
relates to libraries. If a city has two boards,
library and civil service, both appointed by the
same head, why should its most important
task be taken away from the library board
and given to the other board?
Speaking on the subject of "Should there
be a pension law?" Henry E. Legler, librarian
of the Public Library of Chicago, declared
that such a law should be in effect in this
country, similar to the method of pensioning
the employes of the libraries of his city. Mr.
Legler said the employes of the libraries of
Chicago had been working under the pension
system since 1905. An employe after twenty
years' service is entitled to be pensioned, while
those who are totally disabled after ten years'
service also receive a pension. Annuities may
be voted at the age of fifty-five, even if the
length of service is not full.
He stated that when an employe is eligible
to a pension he or she is examined by the
pension board, consisting of two members of
the library board and three employes. In the
case of an employe being disabled a physical
examination is made by a board of physicians,
who report as to whether or not a pension
should be given.
The maximum pension is $50 and the min-
imum $27.50 per month. Those employes re-
ceiving from $600 to $700 a year receive the
lowest grade, while the rates increase up to
$50 for those receiving $1,500 yearly or more.
The employes, he stated, contribute, at their
own option, i per cent of their salary to the
pension fund yearly, while the fines secured
from overdue books are also added to the fund.
552
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[July, 1914
He stated that last year these fines amounted
to $16,000. Mr. Legler said the pension fund
now is about $100,000 and that it draws in-
terest of $4,000 yearly. He said also that this
amount in the fund is much larger than the
pension roll. In answer to a question Mr.
Legler stated that an employe withdrawing
from the library service before the end of the
term may get back one-half of all the money
he had paid in. If an employe not a member
dies, the nearest of kin gets one year's annuity.
The speaker declared that he did not see
why employes of state institutions should not
be pensioned as are the employes of big corpo-
rations.
Judge Porter, slated to discuss the question
"Do the state liability and workmen's compen-
sation acts apply to libraries?" asked leave to
withhold his discussion and print it in the
Proceedings, as action on this question is now
pending in a case in Ohio, and he wished to
incorporate the result into his remarks.
Dr. Frank P. Hill, in discussing the ques-
tion "Should libraries be classified for the
purpose of fixing a standard for salaries and
vacations?" said there was no question of the
need of higher salaries and longer vacations
for library workers. Especially do the lower
grades need increase in wages, as the initial
salary now paid to newcomers is less than a
living wage. If the graded service could be
revised, with recommendation of more money
for beginners, the libraries all over the country
would be benefited. If at the same time the
grading could be made more uniform, there
would be less inducement to librarians to
move from place to place, as increase in pay
could only come from advancement in the
grades. No librarian should try to take away
another's assistant without consulting the chief
affected, but on the other hand no librarian
should try to hold back any assistant from
going ahead as fast as possible.
"The relation of the library to the city gov-
ernment— municipal reference," was discussed
by Dr. Arthur E. Bostwick, of St. Louis. The
municipal reference library is not a library at
all in the sense of fifteen or twenty years ago.
It is, rather, a bureau of information, and
should be in close relation with the public
library to avoid wasteful duplication. It
should be located as close as possible to the
people using it, preferably in the city hall, and
must be absolutely impartial and unbiased.
Even in the interest of good reforms it is
dangerous to take sides. It is practically the
only non-partisan public institution at the
present time, and must be kept so — one argu-
ment for associating it with the public library
rather than any city department.
Mr. N. D. C. Hodges, librarian of the Cin-
cinnati Public Library, spoke on the "Exten-
sion of the privilege of the city libraries to
counties." Sixteen years ago, in April, 1898,
the law was passed in Ohio for the extension
of city library privileges to each county, and
the tax levy was also extended. At once the
Cincinnati trustees announced their willing-
ness to take in any village library in the county
and run it as a part of the city system. Six
were taken in before the end of 1898. Now
seven trustees have charge of the libraries
of the whole county. Efficiency has been in-
creased in the libraries and the administration
has been satisfactory to all, the small libraries
now having the benefit of the city's resources.
Miss Mary E. Ahern, editor of Public
Libraries, was the last speaker of the morn-
ing. Her subject was "Some trustees — there
are others," and she talked entertainingly of
the various trustees with whom she had come
in contact in various parts of the country — some
of them so ignorant and short-sighted with
regard to the duties and possibilities of their
libraries that one wondered how their libra-
ries ever managed to exist at all under their
management; others, of open, progressive
mind, pushing their librarians ahead by the
force of their own personality.
JOINT MEETING OF NORMAL AND HIGH
SCHOOL LIBRARIANS
THE second annual meeting was called to
order by Miss Mary E. Hall, librarian of the
Girls' High School, Brooklyn. The opening
address on "College and normal school
courses in the use of the library and in chil-
dren's literature," assigned to Dr. P. P. Clax-
ton, U. S. commissioner of education, was
delivered, in his absence, by Dr. Samuel P.
Capen, specialist in higher education in the
Bureau of Education. The library is a lab-
oratory, the only one every one has to keep
on using after school is ended. It is absurd
to expect a student to use a laboratory with-
out instruction. That teachers have not told
students how to unlock the library is extraor-
dinary. Statistics, analyzed by Dr. Wolcott
in the report of the commissioner of education
for 1912, on the spread of courses in the use
of the library, were given. Figures for 1913,
from manuscript in the Bureau of Education,
show an increase of institutions offering such
courses. These courses are of two kinds :
(i) Those offering instruction in the technical
part of library work; (2) those giving in-
struction in the use of books and in chil-
dren's literature. The second is the more use-
ful. Three publications mark the advance of
library courses in schools. They are the re-
July, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
553
port to the National Education Association in
1905 of the committee on instruction in library
administration in normal schools; the report
of Mr. James V. Sturgis, principal of the
Geneseo State Normal School, on the training
of teachers in the use of books in the Na-
tional Education Association's Proceedings for
1910, and the report of the committee on
normal school libraries in the proceedings of
the same society for 1913. These reports show
that the movement is growing rapidly. The
results receive favorable comment, for pupils
are found to be able to do their school work
faster. Library lessons should be given in
high schools in order that normal schools may
specialize on courses for teachers.
Dr. J. D. Wolcott, librarian of the Bureau
of Education, told how the library of the
Bureau may serve the schools. He said he
wished to extend the service of the library
and welcomed suggestions for its wider use.
The library has a large collection of pedagog-
ical material, both old and new, and an at-
tempt is made to have it as complete as pos-
sible. While it is primarily for the use of the
specialists of the Bureau and for the staff, he
would be glad to make it a circulating and
reference library for the whole United States
as well as a clearing house for statistics and
information. Books are loaned freely to pub-
lic, university, and normal school libraries
and to responsible individuals. Since last fall
package libraries have been sent to school
superintendents of towns, cities and counties.
These libraries contain from twenty-five to
fifty books, selected either by the superintend-
ent or by one of the staff of the Bureau,
bearing on the topics to be discussed in teach-
ers' meetings. The bibliographic service tur-
nishes free information to every one on educa-
tional topics, library work with children, and
lists of books for school libraries. Reference
lists or nearly 1,000 educational topics are on
file and new lists are often compiled on re-
quest. The monthly record of current pub-
lications is sent free to any one who wishes
it. Among other services the Bureau indicates
government publications that can be used in
school work, prints cards for educational
books, and gives advice about organization
of school libraries.
The school library exhibit, prepared by Miss
Ida M. Mendenhall, is to be maintained per-
manently and sent out to state and national
meetings. The library hopes to undertake to
collect and to organize a model school li-
brary. A chapter on library progress is a fea-
ture of the commissioner's annual report. A
report of school library statistics, issued every
five years, is to be issued this year.
A letter was read from Dr. Claxton, ex-
pressing his interest in library work and the
conviction that "the time must soon come
when every county will have at least one good
central library with branches within all its
villages and crossroad places, and with dis-
tributing points in all its schools. In addition
to this every school should have a collection
of books of its own."
Mr. Willis H. Kerr, librarian of the State
Normal School, Empcria, Kan., gave a survey
of the school library situation. He character-
ized the situation as one of surprising hope-
fulness. The following publications have been
issued since the last meeting: Miss Ida M.
Mendenhall's report of the committee on nor-
mal school libraries, now published as a sep-
arate pamphlet by the National Education As-
sociation; Miss Martha Wilson's "Books for
high schools," an A. L. A. reprint, and "Books
for elementary schools" published by the state
Department of Education in St. Paul; Miss
Mary J. Booth's "List of geographical material
which may be obtained free or at small cost,"
an A. L. A. reprint ; Miss Mary E. Hall's "List
on vocational guidance through the library,"
an A. L. A. reprint.
A statement on library service in schools
and the status of school librarians was adopted
by the library section of the National Council
of Teachers of English at Chicago on Novem-
ber 28, 1913, and by the Illinois Library As-
sociation at Chicago on December 31, 1913. It
was presented to the Council of the A. L. A.
at Chicago, January 2, 1914, and referred to
a committee. ( Printed in LIBRARY JOURNAL, 39 :
129, Feb., 1914.)
Other points which Mr. Kerr brought out
were that school librarians should be organ-
ized as a section of the A. L. A. with work
outlined and pushed forward from year to
year by committees. Library topics should
be secured for the general programs of teach-
ers' meetings. A yearly revision of a school
library purchase list should be attempted.
Facts and statistics should be collected in re-
gard to the number of school libraries, how
used, and how supported. A study should also
be made of an elementary school and high
school library budget.
Mr. Joseph F. Daniels, librarian of the pub-
lic library at Riverside, Cal., spoke of teaching
library work to normal school students in
1896, at the State Normal School, in Greeiey,
Colorado.
The paper entitled "Southern high schools
must have state appropriations for libraries,"
by Mr. Louis R. Wilson, librarian of the Uni-
versity of North Carolina, was read by Miss
Annie F. Petty. In North Carolina state and
554
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[July, 1914
town supported high schools have had for
support only the thirty dollars provided for
elementary schools. The state library commis-
sions and state universities are helping in es-
tablishing high school libraries and in North
Carolina the establishment of a high school
debating league has also helped. The great
need is felt for the immediate provision of
a state library fund for high schools.
Mrs. Pearl Williams Kelley of the state
Board of Education, at Nashville, stated the
laws pertaining to school library work in Ten-
nessee. Since 1909, school libraries have been
part of the state educational scheme. The
state Board of Education has been authorized
to have a department of library extension
which urges instruction in the use of books
and in children's literature, makes exhibits and
helps to correlate schools with public libraries.
The remotest counties of the state have been
penetrated. The greatest need in Tennessee
now is for library instruction in its normal
schools.
Miss Rosa M. Leeper, of the Dallas Public
Library, discussed "School library work in
Texas." A school library law is now being
agitated as there is no provision for school
libraries. Statistics show there is not one li-
brary book per child in the state.
Mr. F. K. Walter, of the New York State
Library School, stated .that during the past year
he had tried to get teachers and superintend-
ents to attend library institutes with the re-
sult that between thirty-five and forty per cent
of those attending the institutes were teachers
and school people. The courses given pupils
in schools must emphasize the non-technical
side of library work, teaching them to use ref-
erence books and the catalog.
Dr. Sherman Williams, chief of the school
library division, state Education Department,
New York, said there were 11,000 school dis-
tricts in New York and that all except 43
have school libraries. In rural schools the
teacher is the librarian. When any school of
high school grade appoints a librarian, $100 is
given by the state. Small communities may
unite with the school board and employ a li-
brarian jointly. The commissioner of educa-
tion is to make rules in regard to the qualifi-
cations of the librarian.
The nominating committee, Miss Marie A.
Newberry, Mr. Willis H. Kerr, and Miss Anna
Hadley recommended the following, who were
unanimously elected: President, Miss Martha
Wilson, St. Paul, Minn.: vice-president, Mr.
Joseph F. Daniels, Riverside, Cal.; secretary,
Miss Fanny D. Ball, Grand Rapids, Mich.
The following resolutions were adopted be-
fore adjournment:
1. Resolved, That we record our profound pleas-
ure and thanks for the very great and very helpful
interest and co-operation of the United States Com-
missioner of Education, Dr. P. P. Claxton; of Mrs.
Claxton; of Dr. J. D. Wolcott, librarian of the Bureau
of Education; both in this meeting, in the notable
school library exhibit now a permanent part of the
educational equipment of the Bureau of Education,
and in the furthering of school library progress the
country over.
2. Resolved, That we record our appreciation and
thanks to the A. L. A. Publishing Board for its en-
couragement of the school library movement by the
publication of several school library documents.
3. Resolved, That we record our conviction that
as a part of their educational equipment and staff,
all schools should avail themselves of the same highly
efficient library organization and service with which the
general public is served. We regard the properly
equipped and administered school library as funda-
mental in modern educational work; it facilitates,
applies, and enriches the whole process of education.
We therefore endorse the statement ad'opted by the
Council of the American Library Association at
Chicago, Jan. 2, 1914.
4. Resolved, That this body make the proper pe-
tition to the Council of the American Library Asso-
ciation for the establishing of a Scho»l Library Sec-
tion of the American Library Association.
5. Resolved, That we express to Miss Ida M.
Mendenhall and Dr. John Cotton Dana our hearty
appreciation of their thoughtful and indefatigable
labors in the preparation of the school library exhibit
of the Bureau of Education, which it is believed will
prove to be a landmark in the history of American
school library development.
6. Resolved, That we thank Miss Laura N. Mann,
librarian of the Central High School of Washington,
and the other school librarians of Washington, for
their cordial welcome to us and their efforts in behalf
of this meeting.
ROUND TABLE OF NORMAL SCHOOL LIBRARIANS
Miss Mary C. Richardson, of the State Nor-
mal School, Castine, Maine, led the round
table which convened immediately after the
close of the joint session.
Miss Gertrude Buck, of the State Normal
School of Emporia, answered the question,
Do teacher-librarian graduates find positions?
They do find positions, but not all as teacher-
librarians. At least they get the inspiration
of the course and the children in their care
get the benefit.
Mrs. P. P. Claxton, of Washington, D. C,
who was to speak on the need of state super-
vision for school libraries, was unable to be
present. Tennessee and Minnesota have a
supervisor of school libraries in the Depart-
ment of Education. There is a difference of
opinion whether this work should be under-
taken by the library commissions or by the
Department of Education. The library com-
missions feel it is their work while teachers
feel its force more if it is in the Department
of Education. The library people do not know
the work of the schools, while the school
people are restricted in interests. The teacher
knows the children, the librarian knows the
books and both should work together.
Miss Lucy E. Fay, of the University of Ten-
nessee, Knoxville, spoke on the topic "Is there
July, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
555
need of standardizing library courses in nor-
mal schools ?" Only a few schools give ade-
quate training. A committee should be ap-
pointed to urge a minimum course of general
library lessons, of children's literature, and
of practice lessons in the grades. There
should be a course for rural school teachers
and one for high school teachers.
Miss Fay was appointed chairman of a
committee to make a report on recommended
courses at the next meeting.
Miss Julia A. Hopkins, of the School of
Library Science, Pratt Institute, discussed
"Some essentials in library instruction." The
normal school student should know how to
use the library, should have knowledge of the
co-operation with public libraries, and should
be fitted to teach the pupils in his care how
to use the library. Restrict reference work
to a few books and train the students how
to select, from a group of books, the best
book on the subject. Cataloging, confined to
the use of the catalog, should be given to
show filing arrangements and the relation
of the subjects in the catalog. The correla-
tion of work is of great importance. Classi-
fication is not one thing, reference another,
cataloging another, but all taken together
throw the library open to the student. The
work should fit in with the work of the school
and make the teacher feel that the library
will lighten her work.
The question of getting pupils to read good
books was discussed. Displays of new bocks,
lists of over-Sunday books, and picture ex-
hibits with books nearby, were suggested.
MARY J. BOOTH, Secretary.
HIGH SCHOOL LIBRARIANS ROUND TABLE
Immediately after the joint session of the
normal and high school librarians the round
table of the latter was called to order by the
chairman, Miss Anne Hadley, Gilbert High
School, Winsted, Conn., with Miss M. A. New-
berry acting as secretary.
The first speaker was Prof. Emerson, of the
University of Vermont, who gave a most in-
spiring talk on "Some books of value to the
high school teacher." Agreeing with an ear-
lier statement that the library was a laboratory
and the only laboratory that would be used
on through life, he further stated that it was
one great power that could be used to vitalize
instruction in the high school. The high
school pupils are in what Prof. Emerson chose
to call the "cyclopedic age." Facts are their
domain, therefore encyclopedias, handbooks,
etc., must be in the high school library. This
is especially necessary for those intending to
go to college in order that they may have a
proper basis and foundation of facts through
which they can interpret the newer problems.
Too often, Prof. Emerson reminds us, do
these people come to college without a proper
knowledge of ordinary geographical and bio-
graphical facts. Then too, there must be the
books which will give appreciation of the
three great factors of life — literature, art, and
science. Let there be literature first and fore-
most in which heart and soul appear, be it
Shakespeare or Stevenson; art which shows
a harmonious, dignified and complete relation
of purpose and result, as illustrated in the
Pan-American building or in the St. Gaudens
statue ; and science, the essence of truth, not
mere technology but the narration of the
great truths of scientific knowledge. If we
send people out with a sense of literature,
art, and scientific truth, then will the library
serve as a laboratory through life.
Miss Cook of the Technical High School,
Cleveland, Ohio, mentioned the following
titles as being very useful: "World's com-
mercial products," Cochrane "Modern indus-
trial progress," Mills "Searchlights on some
American industries," Wiley "Foods and their
adulteration," Olsen "Pure foods, their adul-
teration, nutritive value and cost," Kaup
"Machine shop practice," Noyes "Handwork
in wood," "Cyclopedia of modern shop prac-
tice." Prof. Emerson suggested also such
titles as Ashley "British industries," Cunning-
ham "Growth of English industry and com-
merce," Rogers "Six centuries of work and
wages."
Miss Hains of City College, Baltimore, em-
phasized the fact that pupils should know
books other than their textbooks and recom-
mended original sources. "The librarian," she
said, "may take him to the wood, but he must
catch and cook his hare before he can par-
take thereof."
This discussion was followed by an excel-
lent paper on "Library methods in the high
school," by Miss F. M. Hopkins, Central High
School, Detroit, Mich., who said in part that
the high school librarian meets the pupils
at an age when they are most open to the
influence of idealism, most anxious to try
their wings in lines of self direction, and in
the most impressionable age when a taste for
cultural reading can best be formed, or on the
reverse side a liking for the commonplace
can find its permanent hold. Surely our duty
is clear. We must not only make known to
them the bibliographical aids that exist, but
must also reveal to them the wealth of material
to which they can turn in their leisure hours.
The meeting adjourned to meet at the lunch-
eon for which Miss Mann had arranged.
556
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[July, 1914
While further discussion did not prove feasi-
ble, necessitating the omission of two topics, all
felt that the meeting with others and the con-
sequent exchange of ideas was not only a
valuable but delightful close to a most help-
ful meeting. M^ A. NEWBERRY, Secretary.
LEAGUE OF LIBRARY COMMISSIONS
The League of Library Commissions held
three sessions, two of them being joint meet-
ings with the College and Reference Section
and the Agricultural Libraries Section, respec-
tively. The opening session, held in the large
ballroom of the New Willard, Tuesday
morning, was presided over by Miss Elizabeth
B. Wales, and in the absence of the secretary
Mr. Robert P. Bliss, of Pennsylvania, was
appointed secretary pro tern.
The first paper was read by Mr. Johnson
Brigham, of Iowa, on the topic "Our respon-
sibility to the commonwealth." Mr. Brig-
ham's watchword for the state commissions
is "co-ordination, not competition." He said:
"We have relied too much upon the worthi-
ness of our cause and too little upon organiza-
tion for offensive and defense action. With
the aid of the parcel post, the commission can
now extend its work in ways undreamed of
in earlier days, and until the humblest citizen,
wherever located, can avail himself of the
advantages provided by the commonwealth,
the library commission should not extend its
field beyond the border-line of its present activ-
ities." Mr. Brigham especially deprecated the
attempt of many library commissions (while
making an exception of Wisconsin with its
ample appropriations) to supply the legislative
reference service which the state libraries
could more adequately provide.
Mr. J. R. C. Honeyman, of Regina, Sas-
katchewan, presented a paper on the "Possi-
bilities of the traveling library under the new
law of the province of Saskatchewan." Mr.
Honeyman believes that the library system
should be under the commission of education,
as a part of the educational system of the
province. He also urges that the commission
should include one intelligent and well-edu-
cated farmer, who has been a resident for
some time, and knows local conditions. In
answer to the question as to whether Sas-
katchewan had a parcel post, Mr. Honeyman
said it did not yet exist but was being dis-
cussed. A supplementary statement on trav-
eling libraries in other parts of Canada was
made by Mr. J. W. Banton, of Toronto. "Rea-
sons why the Wyoming State University sends
out traveling libraries" were given in a letter
from Dr. Grace Raymond Hebard, the univer-
sity librarian.
Mr. John A. Lapp, of Indiana, discussed "The
legislative reference library as a separate de-
partment." He said that up to the present time
there has been no constructive policy for leg-
islative improvement, though both the state
library commissions and state libraries have
taken the matter up and have done good work.
He agreed with Mr. Brigham, however, that
both these agencies have other primary pur-
poses from, which they should not be dis-
tracted, and he felt that this work should be
done by a separate bureau.
The relation of the state library to library
extension was then discussed by Mr. Thomas
L. Montgomery, of Pennsylvania, who enumer-
ated the varied conditions under which the
different state libraries operate, and described
in some detail the situation in Pennsylvania.
Following a brief discussion of the papers,
the publications committee made its report,
which was in two parts. The first to be con-
sidered was on a buying and reading list for
prison libraries. Need for such a list in New
York state has seemed so pressing that the
State Library there has undertaken on its own
account to compile and issue at an early date
an annotated, classified list of about 1,000 rec-
ommended titles. The committee therefore
urged the league and the A. L. A. to arrange
for the formal adoption of this list Miss
Elva Bascom read a report on study outlines,
describing the progress of negotiations with
Mr. H. W. Wilson for the preparation of such
a series. Mr. Wilson, who was present, said
he was ready to go ahead as soon as arrange-
ments satisfactory to the league could be com-
pleted and a suitable editor selected. A com-
mittee was appointed to confer with Mr. Wil-
son before leaving Washington to try to make
some definite plan.
The report of the committee on publicity
for commission work was presented by Miss
Baldwin, who also submitted for discussion
and criticism a brief circular intended for
distribution stating the general purpose of
library extension work.
The report of the committee on aid to new
commissions was presented by Miss Caroline
F. Webster, of New York. A questionnaire
was sent to each library and women's club in
eleven states having no library commission.
From the paucity of responses it was evident
that a campaign of education would be re-
quired before the necessary legislation could
be secured, and recommendations for the best
way of carrying on this campaign were
made.
The following officers were elected for the
coming year: President, Matthew S. Dud-
geon; first vice-president, Miss Caroline F.
July, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
557
Webster; second vice-president, Miss Mary
Downey; secretary-treasurer, Miss Julia A.
Robinson; publication committee, Asa Wyn-
koop, Miss Elva S. Bascom, Miss Sarah B.
Askew.
At the second session on Wednesday after-
noon, which was a joint meeting with the Col-
lege and Reference Section, Mr. W. W. Bishop,
of the Library of Congress, read a paper on
"How the Library of Congress serves the peo-
ple of the several states." This was illustra-
ted by an exhibit of the publications of the
Library of Congress, including specimens of
the work by the photostat in reproducing pages
of books, etc.
"The reference function of the small li-
brary" was discussed by Charles E. Rush,
of St. Joseph, Mo., and was followed by a
paper on "State reference work through the
small library station or small club," by J. I.
Wyer, Jr., of the New York State Library
School. These formal papers were followed
by discussion in which Miss Anna A. Mac-
Donald, of the Pennsylvania Commission,
spoke on "What the small library can do,"
and Mr. Carl H. Milam, of Birmingham, Ala.,
told "What the state can do to help the small
library."
Mr. Bliss said that he noticed a tendency in
some of the states to have a number of insti-
tutions undertake the work of circulating books
through the state without any regard to what
others were doing in the same line. In this
way some confusion and duplication of effort
and expense is caused. He thought it would
be far wiser to have it recognized that the
Free Library Commission is the proper body
to which to direct requests for assistance.
The commission then could get the required
material from any source which is available.
In this way the work could be centralized and
carried on most economically and to the great-
est advantage.
The third session, held Thursday morning,
was a joint meeting with the agricultural
libraries section. Prof. W. J. Spillman, of the
Department of Agricultnre, was unable to pre-
sent his paper A^ "The county agent and his
relation to rui;fjibrary work," and his place
was taken by Frof. W. D. Working, of the
same department. This paper was followed
by a discussion of "Publicity work for the
county farm adviser" by Charles H. Williams,
secretary of university extension at Columbia,
Mo. "Present state systems of library work
for rural communities" were discussed by Miss
Frances M. Hobart, of Vergennes, Vt., who
took up the work in the eastern states, and
Miss Mary E. Ahern, who told what is being
done in the Middle West. Clarence S. Hean,
librarian of the State Agricultural College of
Wisconsin, presented a paper on "Possibilities
of library co-operation with the farmers' in-
stitute and short course," in which he showed
the need of such co-operation and made some
definite suggestions as to the best means of
supplying help. In closing, the chairman called
on the Hon. W. A. Lloyd to tell something
about the Smith-Lever bill, now before Con-
gress, which is intended to assist in the work
being done by the county agents.
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF LAW
LIBRARIES
The ninth annual meeting of the American
Association of Law Libraries opened with an
informal session held at 10 a. m., Monday,
May 25, in the Red Parlor of the New Ebbitt
House, Washington, D. C.
After opening remarks by President Frank-
lin O. Poole, of the Association of the Bar,
New York City, the reports of the secretary,
treasurer and various committees were rea^,
accepted and ordered printed. The commit-
tees on legal bibliography, reprinting of ses-
sion laws, national legislative information
service, Latin-American laws, catalog sub-
ject headings, law libraries and law libra-
rians were continued, their personnel to be
subject to change at discretion of the presi-
dent.
An invitation from the Library Association
of the United Kingdom to attend its meetings
at Oxford, in September, was read and Mr.
C. F. D. Belden, state librarian of Massachu-
setts, was appointed delegate to represent the
Association.
On motion of Mr. T. L. Cole, Washington,
D. C., the president appointed a committee of
three to consider the adoption by the Asso-
ciation of a system of symbols to indicate the
pagination of books, with exact definitions of
each, and other rules and definitions for use
in describing books and cataloging them, such
system and definitions to be reported to the
Association at its next meeting.
Mr. F. D. Colson of New York State Law
Library not being present, his paper on de-
veloping and improving the Law Library
Journal, the official organ of the Association,
was read by Mr. Hendrickson of St. Paul,
Minn.
The second session was held Monday at
3 p. m., and consisted of a round table on
the "Needs of small law libraries." Miss
Claribel H. Smith, of Hampden County Law
Library, Springfield, Mass., who arranged the
program, presided, and the entire afternoon
was given over to the consideration of the
subject.
558
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[July, 1914
Two formal sessions were held on Tuesday,
May 26, at 10 a. m. and 3 p. m., when the
following addresses were made :
The functions and jurisdiction of the Court
of Customs Appeals, by Hon. William L.
Wemple, assistant attorney -general of the
United States.
Some auxiliaries of statute revision, by Mr.
Arthur F. Belitz, assistant reviser of Wis-
consin.
English law libraries, by Mr. George F.
Deiser of Hirst Free Law Library of Phila-
delphia.
Legal literature of Latin-America, by Mr.
C. H. Babcock, Washington, D. C.
The monthly list of state publications, by
Dr. H. J. Harris, chief of the division of doc-
uments of the Library of Congress.
The genesis of an Act of Congress, by Mr.
Henry L. Bryan, editor of laws, State Depart-
ment.
Bill drafting, by Mr. Middleton Beaman, in
charge of legislative drafting research at Co-
lumbia University, New York.
The election of officers for 1914-15 resulted
as follows : President, E. J. Lien, state librarian
of Minnesota, St. Paul; first vice-president,
C. Will Shaffer, State Law Library, Olympia,
Wash.; second vice-president, Mrs. Maud B.
Cobb, state librarian of Georgia, Atlanta;
secretary, Miss Gertrude E. Woodard, Law
Library, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor;
treasurer, Edward H. Redstone, Social Law
Library, Boston, Mass; executive committee:
president, first vice-president, second vice-
president, secretary, and treasurer, all ex-offi-
cio, and F. O. Poole, New York City; E. O.
S. Scholefield, British Columbia Legislative
Library, Victoria ; Frederick W. Schenk, Law
Library, Univ. of Chicago, and O. J. Field,
Department of Justice, Washington, D. C.
GERTRUDE E. WOODARD, Secretary.
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF STATE
LIBRARIES
The seventeenth annual meeting of the asso-
ciation was held at Washington, D. C., May
27-28, 1914, with an attendance of approxi-
mately fifty at each session. It was unfor-
tunate that the rooms available for sessions
were both hot and noisy, so that those present
sat in discomfort and heard with difficulty,
yet perhaps nowhere in Washington could one
have escaped the heat of that trying week.
The first session, held in the red parlor of
the New Ebbitt Hotel, Wednesday morning,
the 27th, at 9:30, was opened by President
Wyer, who delivered the president's address,
entitled "The state library and its librarian."
The report of the secretary C. B. Lester, fol-
lowed, showing progress in various state li-
braries during the year just closed, and sup-
plementary remarks were made from the
floor by the state librarians of Pennsylvania,
Illinois, Mississippi and Connecticut. In par-
ticular, Mr. Brigham reported that the State
Library of Iowa had received 2500 volumes
from the State Medical Society as the nucleus
of a medical department, the society to ap-
point therefor a trained assistant librarian.
The secretary reported for the executive
committee regarding the present condition of
the association. Thirty-nine libraries now be-
long and are demanding better meetings, better
printed proceedings, and better committee
work. The committee recommended that the
proceedings be printed hereafter in the A. L.
A. conference proceedings as was formerly
done. The report was accepted. Mr. Godard
explained the circumstances which had de-
layed the printing of the 1912 proceedings.
Dr. Mcllwaine, of Virginia, for the com-
mittee on public archives, presented an elab-
orate report, only part of which he read. He
indicated the results of a questionnaire sent
out by Mr. Wyer asking for information as to
methods of classification and shelving of ar-
chives, and read the replies for Alabama (by
Dr. Owen), for Iowa (by Miss Ethel Virtue)
and for Mississippi (by Dr. Rowland), as of
special value. In Mississippi the archives are
arranged chronologically, with reference to the
state's history, as if they had been systematic-
ally filed from the beginning.
The session closed with an address by
Henry J. Harris, chief of the division of doc-
uments of the Library of Congress, on "The
Library of Congress and the state libraries."
He reviewed those activities of the national
library which are of especial service to the
state libraries, namely : the publication of the
Monthly List of State Publications, the inter-
library loans, the distribution of surplus ma-
terial (now at about 35,000 pieces annually)
and the printed catalog cards. He reminded
those present that the proof-sheets of the
cards are sold at a nominal rate, and em-
phasized his belief that the state libraries
might with advantage make wider use of this
service. He called attention also to the check-
list of foreign documents in the Library of
Congress now in preparation by his division,
the first two parts of whicK, covering Germany
and Australia, will before long be ready. In
conclusion, he expressed the hope that the
Library of Congress would be of interesting
helpfulness to the state libraries in the future.
The second session was held Thursday after-
noon at 2:30 in the white parlor of the New
Ebbitt. Miss Adelaide R. Hasse, chief of the
July, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
559
division of public documents of the New York
Public Library, spoke on "The civic bibliog-
raphy of to-morrow." Calling attention to the
awakening civic consciousness of the Amer-
ican people and the recent establishment by
universities and other institutions of training
courses for civic service, she showed how this
work created a demand for bibliographical
material which the libraries must supply.
There are two fundamental bibliographies on
municipal problems: Brooks's, first published
in Municipal Affairs, in 1897, and Munro's,
now in preparation for publication by Har-
vard University. But the student of civic
training needs much help not to be found
in any bibliography; hence the librarian
must widen his field. As trade follows the
flag, so must bibliography follow its sub-
ject. The librarian should watch all avail-
able newspapers and keep track of civic prog-
ress in other states. Present conditions are
not met by orthodox bibliographies, as is in-
dicated by the work done in municipal re-
search bureaus and by the recent growth of
information services. There must also be a
standard classification of civic terms, to over-
come the difficulties now met in the wide var-
iations in terminology in civic subjects. In
conclusion Miss Hasse urged the appointment
of a committee to take up the matter of a
national program of civic bibliography.
John A. Lapp, director of the Indiana Bu-
reau of Legislative and Administrative Infor-
mation, reported for the committee on co-
operation between legislative reference depart-
ments. This report was essentially similar to
his report to the Special Libraries Association,
which will be found on pages 86-88 of Special
Libraries for June 1914.
Mr. Godard presented a resolution urging
Congress to take action toward a national
legislative reference bureau competent to serve
both federal and state governments. Adopted.
Mrs. M. C. Spencer, state librarian of
Michigan, reported, as chairman of the com-
mittee on exchange and distribution of doc-
uments, the following recommendations : ( i )
That state exchanges be made as widely and
generously as possible, without regard to the
practice of reciprocity on the part of the re-
cipient; (2) that so far as possible this dis-
tribution be extended to other institutions;
(3) that the state library be the distributing
office; (4) that state library sets of documents
be made as complete as possible; (5) that a
committee be appointed to urge closer co-
operation between the states; (6) that the
Library of Congress be asked to publish a
check-list of foreign laws in the private li-
braries of the United States; and (7) that
the association publish in its proceedings a
list of those states which give away all doc-
uments under their control. It was voted to
distribute to all state libraries a printed set
of these recommendations.
The following officers were chosen for 1914-
1915: President, J. L. Gillis, California; first
vice-president, Thomas M. Owen, Alabama ;
second vice-president, C. F. D. Belden, Massa-
chusetts; secretary-treasurer, C. B. Lester,
Wisconsin. The appointment of the various
standing committees was left to the incoming
president.
SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION
The sixth annual convention of the Special
Libraries Association was held at the New
Willard Hotel on Wednesday and Thursday,
May 27-28, 1914, the daytime sessions in the
mezzanine parlor and the evening sessions in
the Gridiron room. Notwithstanding the ex-
cessive heat in both meeting-places, the at-
tendance at the principal sessions was large.
An unfortunate feature that prevented many
persons from full enjoyment of the meetings
was the failure of several speakers to make
themselves heard. After making due allow-
ance for street noises, it seems evident that
the meetings contained a warning of condi-
tions to be avoided at future conventions. A»,
however, most of the papers have appeared
in the proceedings of the association (Special
Libraries, June, 1914), members who failed
to hear any part of them will be able to read
them in full. For the same reason no attempt
is made here to summarize any of the papers
so printed.
At the opening session, Wednesday after-
noon, the general subject was "Co-operative
information getting; what has been done and
is being done; what may be done." The fol-
lowing papers were read : by John A. Lapp,
of the Indiana Bureau of Legislative Infor-
mation, "The Public Affairs Information Ser-
vice;" by A. G. S. Josephson, Chicago, "The
Index Office — its nearer purpose and its larger
aim ;" by G. W. Lee, Boston, "The Boston Co-
operative Information Bureau in the light of
three years of service;" and by R. H. John-
ston, of the Bureau of Railway Economics
Library, Washington, "Co-operation and the
special librarian." A paper by Eugene F. Mc-
Pike on "Inter-communication : national and
international," suggesting an international fed-
eration for communication among investiga-
tors, collectors, etc., was not read, owing to
the author's absence, but appears in the pro-
ceedings above referred to. Discussion cen-
tered chiefly about the remarks of Mr. Mac-
farlane, of the Philadelphia Commercial
56o
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[July, 1914
Museum, who called attention to the import-
ance to libraries of having on hand directories
of important cities, both domestic and foreign,
particularly of commercial cities.
Wednesday evening was given over to
round-table discussion, held for the most part
in the Gridiron room. At the round table on
municipal reference libraries, Mr. Lester,
leader, a report was read by Mrs. Elizabeth
W. Blackall on her work in outlining guide
headings for an index to the council proceed-
ings of Eau Claire, Wisconsin. This work
was a special assignment in connection with
the course of study in library administration
and public service added last year to the train-
ing course of the Wisconsin Free Library
Commission. Eau Claire, with its 25,000 in-
habitants, was chosen as a typical small city.
It is hoped that out of this work a practical
working basis may be evolved for the uniform
indexing of documents of second, third and
fourth-class cities.
The round table on training for special li-
brary service was led by Mr. Matthew S.
Dudgeon, secretary of the Wisconsin Free
Library Commission, who told of the method
followed in Wisconsin, where persons al-
ready having some special education are
trained in library science in addition. Spe-
cial knowledge in a given field is pre-sup-
posed; general knowledge will not do. Such
persons are taught classification, cataloging,
and reference work. They get substantially
all that a library student would get in a one-
year course, as well as practice in the actual
work of the legislative reference library. The
plan is not a short-cut into the library pro-
fession, but an attempt to take persons of
special knowledge and ground them in the
fundamentals of library science.
Miss Plummer spoke briefly of the plans
for the municipal reference course at the New
York Public Library, which will approach the
task from the opposite direction: that is to
say, librarians will be taken and trained to be
effective in municipal reference work. She
believed it would be hard to get specialists to
take library courses because they generally
have better opportunities in their own fields
than they could obtain as librarians.
Discussion seemed to indicate that the Wis-
consin method was favored for the produc-
tion of high-grade special librarians, while the
New York plan would supply the need of
trained assistants for such librarians.
The round table on classification systems
for special collections was led by G. W. Lee,
of Stone & Webster, who recommended the
Dewey decimal system as "at least 75 per cent
good."
Mr. Dudgeon proposed that members of the
association should arrange to interchange
ideas within groups, according to the nature
of their libraries, to the end that each group
should adopt a standard expansion of the
Dewey classification.
Mr. Marion asked why libraries did not
more generally adopt the expansions of Dewey
worked out by the International Institute of
Bibliography at Brussels.
Mr. Handy told why it was necessary for
him to devise a new system of classification
for the Insurance Library at Boston. For the
purposes of that library he had found the
Dewey classification insufficient; for one thing
it scattered fire protection engineering in five
groups, whereas he needed to bring all that
material into one group. His system could,
however, be attached to the Dewey by anyone
at any time. Had the Library of Congress
classification of fire insurance been completed
at that time he would not have been obliged
to work out his own system.
On motion of Mr. Dudgeon it was
Resolved, That this round table request the
executive committee of the Special Libraries
Association to appoint a committee, represent-
ative of the several groups of special libra-
ries, whose duty it shall be to report at the
next meeting a scheme for making uniform
classifications within each group.
Other round tables discussed: "Clippings
and magazine articles in a special library,"
Mr. Marion, leader; "Special library public-
ity," Mr. Brainerd Dyer, publicity manager for
the National Carbon Company, of Cleveland,
Ohio, leader; and "Co-operative analytic in-
dexing of engineering societies' proceedings,"
Mr. H. H. B. Meyer, of the Library of Con-
gress, leader. At the last-mentioned round
table, Messrs. Cutter, Gamble, Marion, Mor-
ton and Johnston and Miss Eleanor Frick
were appointed a committee to look into the
matter further.
A round table on "Collection of material for
sociological libraries" was conducted in the
Munsey building by Miss Ono Mary Imhoff,
librarian of the International Health Commis-
sion, Washington.
The subject of the Thursday morning ses-
sion was: "The place of the special library
in other than academic efforts for training to
greater efficiency in business, commerce, gov-
ernment, and industry." John Cotton Dana,
in a paper entitled, "A national center for mu-
nicipal information," recommended the estab-
lishment of such a center by the librarians of
the country. He recommended also the estab-
lishment of a bureau of information concern-
ing libraries and their work and the work of
July, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
related enterprises, a service which would be
of assistance not only to librarians but to cor-
porations and institutions desiring to estab-
lish libraries. These suggestions bore fruit
in resolutions adopted later.
Miss Orpha Zoe Massey, librarian of the
Retail Credit Company of Atlanta, Ga., read
a paper describing the methods by which this
corporation endeavors to hold the loyalty and
develop the ability of each employe through
the library. This system was also quite fully
described by Miss Massey in an article in
Special Libraries for December, 1913, which
was summarized on p. 170-171 of the LIBRARY
JOURNAL for February, 1914.
A paper on "The special library and public
efficiency" was read by Edward A. Fitzpatrick,
secretary to the committee on practical train-
ing for public service of the American Polit-
ical Science Association, and will be found in
the proceedings of the association.
In the spirit of the second suggestion in Mr.
Dana's paper, it was voted that the executive
committee publish a handbook of information
regarding special libraries, to consist of the
best articles describing various special libra-
ries that have appeared in the association
periodical Special Libraries.
The following officers were elected for the
ensuing year: President, R. H. Johnston, li-
brarian of the Bureau of Railway Economics,
Washington; first vice-president, Elizabeth V.
Dobbins, librarian of the American Telephone
and Telegraph Company, New York; second
vice-president, R. A. Campbell, librarian of the
Municipal Reference branch of the New York
Public Library; secretary-treasurer, Guy E.
Marion, librarian of Arthur D. Little corpora-
tion, Boston.
On Thursday evening the association lis-
tened to the deferred paper by E. C. Wolf,
manager of the Employment and Instruction
Department of the Curtis Publishing Com-
pany, on "Collected information in print and
the training of employes." This paper ap-
pears in the printed proceedings. On Mr.
Wolf's motion it was
Voted: That a committee of three be ap-
pointed to investigate the business library
problem in corporations, for the purpose of in-
creasing the efficiency of employes, and to de-
velop concrete methods to be furnished corpo-
rations which desire to establish such libraries.
On motion of Mr. Brigham it was
Voted: That a committee of three be ap-
pointed to take up the question of the publica-
tion of the handbook [entrusted by vote at the
morning session to the executive committee],
its action to be subject to revision by the exec-
utive committee.
Mr. Handy was continued as a committee
of one on publicity.
Mr. Campbell presented a resolution calling
for the appointment by the chair of a commit-
tee of five to investigate and make recommen-
dations upon the location, support, organiza-
tion and maintenance of a national bureau of
information, on municipal affairs. The reso-
lution was adopted and Messrs. Dana, Lapp,
Flagg, Ranck and Campbell were appoii.-ted
the committee.
After other minor business had been dis-
posed of the meeting adjourned.
Scboois
NEW YORK STATE LIBRARY SCHOOL
THE exhibit "Making of a book" prepared
and lent by Charles Scribner's Sons, was dis-
played in one of the school rooms, April 29-
May 9. In addition to the Scribner exhibit,
which illustrated by photograph and specimen
the different stages of book making, a large
amount of other material from the State Li-
brary was also on exhibition. This consisted
of fine bindings (original and facsimile), il-
lustrated books and mounted plates showing
different kinds of illustrations and a collection
of manuals and treatises on illustration and
practical typography. The Library School and
the State Library co-operated in the manage-
ment of the exhibit. Mr. Tolman, Mr. Bis-
coe, Miss Woodworth and Miss Ellis attend-
ed to its installation, the students of both
classes giving voluntary service as attendants
and guides.
The libraries of the Hudson and Mohawk
valleys in the vicinity of Albany held a li-
brary institute, under the auspices of the New
York Library Association, in one of the
school's lecture rooms, May 8. The meeting,
which was one of the largest local library
meetings ever held in the district, was at-
tended by many of the students.
In addition to the regular summer session,
which began June 3. a library institute for
district school superintendents will be held
during the first week of July. At this insti-
tute only those problems of book selection
and library organization which directly affect
small rural school libraries will be discussed.
The discussions and lectures will be supple-
mented by an exhibit of books suitable for
school libraries.
Two lectures have recently been given by
specialists from the staff of the University
of the State of New York. The first, on
"Principles of artistic bulletin making" was
given May 5 by Mr. Royal B. Farnum, special-
562
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[July, 1914
ist in art education for the university and au-
thor of several monographs on interior dec-
oration ; the second, on "Visual instruction,"
was given May n by Mr. A. W. Abrams, chief
of the Visual Instruction Division. One of
the school lecture rooms has been fitted with
opaque curtains and electric light connections
for the use of lecturers using lantern slides.
F. K. WALTER.
PRATT INSTITUTE SCHOOL OF LIBRARY
SCIENCE
THE third term program consisted, as usual,
of two mornings a week of classroom work,
about twenty-seven hours of practical work,
and a half day of library visiting. In addi-
tion to the practical work in our own library,
the courtesy of the technology and documents
divisions of the New York Public Library and
of the Girls' High School Library of Brook-
lyn was extended to students wishing to spe-
cialize in these directions. One student also
worked one day a week in the children's de-
partment of the New York Public Library.
Four students took part in the survey of Essex
county that was undertaken by the Bureau of
Municipal Research. One day a week was
spent in this way, and the students reported
on their work each week, so that the whole
class had the benefit of their experience.
Visits have been made to the administrative
department of the Brooklyn Public Library and
to the Bedford branch, where Dr. Hill showed
the plans for the new Central Building. The
main building of the New York Public Li-
brary was next visited, the whole afternoon
being spent there, after which the students
were entertained by the Library School of the
New York Public Library. A very delightful
afternoon was spent in Englewood, N. J.,
where the architectural problem of a house
made over into a library, coming, as the visit
did, just after Mr. Eastman's lectures on "Li-
brary buildings," presented an interesting, con-
crete illustration of his lectures. Another
afternoon was devoted to the Bureau of Mu-
nicipal Research and the Sage Foundation
Library. These visits were closely related to
Miss Hopkins' lectures on "Community organi-
zation" and to the reports on the Essex county
survey. Visits have also been paid to the
Newark Public Library, the Children's Mu-
seum, the Brooklyn Institute Museum, Co-
lumbia University, the Society of Civil Engi-
neers, and the publishing house of Doubleday,
Page & Co. at Garden City.
Mr. W. R. Eastman, of Albany, gave his
usual course of six lectures on "Library build-
ings" the week of April 13 to 18. Miss Plum-
mer's illustrated course on the "History of
libraries" took place on three consecutive
Tuesday afternoons, April 21, 28, and May 5.
On Tuesday afternoon, May 12, Mr. Andrew
Keogh, reference librarian at Yale University,
lectured on the "Administration of a college
library."
We were so fortunate as to secure the ser-
vices of Mrs. Charles C Gardner, of Newport,
formerly Miss Mildred A. Collar, of the Li-
brary School staff, for two courses, one on
maps and one on indexing.
Miss Alice M. Colt, class of 1907, librarian
of the Ferguson Library at Stamford, Ct,
talked to the students on the financial admin-
istration of a library, on Tuesday afternoon,
June 9.
Miss Anna C. Tyler, class of 1905, of the
New York Public Library, was the last lec-
turer of the term, giving two talks on story-
telling.
The Normal Course was offered to meet
what seemed to be a need — that for trained
librarians who should be trained teachers. It
was recognized from the first that the difficulty
would lie in finding enough library school
graduates wishing such training to make up
the class. Library school students seldom
mean to teach, though teaching is often thrust
upon them unexpectedly when it is too late to
prepare for it. The course obtained a succes
d'estime from librarians, but there have not
been many applicants for it. It was found
this winter that to carry on the work success-
fully would need a much larger appropriation
another year, and this expenditure the trustees
did not feel that the professional support shown
justified them in meeting. The course has
therefore been withdrawn. Our regret in los-
ing Miss Hopkins' service is mitigated in part
by the fact that she is to remain in Brooklyn
as principal of the training class of the Brook-
lyn Public Library, and that she will continue
to be one of our staff lecturers.
JOSEPHINE ADAMS RATHBONE, Vice-Director.
DREXEL INSTITUTE LIBRARY SCHOOL
The spring visit this year included the fol-
lowing libraries: Princeton University Li-
brary, Trenton (N. J.) Public Library, Colum-
bia University Library, New York Public
Library (main building and four branches),
Brooklyn Public Library and Brownsville
branch, Newark (N. J.) Free Library and
Business branch. Part of one afternoon was
most enjoyably spent at Charles Scribner's
Sons. The class also visited the library
schools of Pratt Institute and the New York
Public Library.
The hospitality shown by our library friends
added much to the pleasure of the trip. We
July, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
563
were entertained at luncheon by the staff of
the Trenton Public Library and by the Pratt
Institute Library School ; afternoon tea was
served for us at the Newark Free Public
Library, and the New York City Library School
gave us a delightful dinner at the Port Arthur
restaurant in Chinatown, followed by a walk
through part of the East Side.
The trip was followed by five days' Easter
vacation, after which the class did two weeks'
practice work in the following libraries : Wil-
mington Institute Free Library, Wilmington,
.Del. ; Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, Pa., and
the public libraries of Brooklyn, Newark, New
York and Washington, D. C.
Recent visiting lecturers have been as fol-
lows :
May 4-5. Three lectures, "Government docu-
ments," by Miss Mary L. Sutliff.
May 18. "Administration of a branch library,"
by Mr. Leon M. Solis-Cohen.
May 21. "Library binding," by Mr. Arthur L.
Bailey.
May 21-22. Two lectures, "The library
budget" and "Man versus the machine," by
Miss Julia A. Hopkins.
Visits have been paid to the Library Bureau,
Leary Stuart & Co., the Spring Garden branch
of the Free Public Library, the Curtis Pub-
lishing Co., and the Bryn Mawr College
Library.
The Drexel Institute Library School Asso-
ciation gave a dinner at the New Ebbitt,
Washington, D. C., Thursday evening, May 28.
Forty-seven were present. Miss June Richard-
son Donnelly, former director of the school,
was the guest of the association. At the end
of the dinner addresses were made by Miss
Bacon, Miss Donnelly, and Miss Roberts,
chairman of the committee appointed to con-
sider the interests of the school and its gradu-
ates. It was reported that while the commit-
tee and other friends had not been idle, it had
been impossible to arrange for the continuance
of the school, but that hope had not been
abandoned. A general discussion of the school
situation followed and was closed by an appeal
from the president to the alumnae to stand
together and do all in their power for the
school and the association.
June 4 was Institute Day. President God-
frey made a short address to the seniors of
all departments of the Institute. First and
second honorable mention was made for schol-
arship in each department. The Library
School honors were carried off by Miss Gretta
M. Smith and Miss Clara L. Voigt.
The library class was entertained on Mon-
day afternoon, June 8, by Miss Eliza M. Fox,
who gave a lawn party at her home in Logan.
A play entitled "Drexel spirit," by Gretta M.
Smith, was read by Margaret T. Parker.
The president's reception was held Tuesday
evening, June 9, and the general class day at
Runnymede, Wednesday afternoon, June 10.
Commencement exercises were held in the
auditorium. The following 17 students were
graduated :
Helen Burns, West Chester, Pa. M.A.
Dickinson College 1914.
Eliza M. Fox, Logan, Pa.
Catherine M. Guilford, Lancaster, Pa.
Helen L. Johnston, Haverford, Pa.
Mary B. Latta, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia.
Fanny M. Libby, West Roxbury, Mass.
B.A. Smith College 1912.
Mary R. Lingenfelter, Williamsport, Pa.
Margaret T. Parker, Chestnut Hill, Phila-
delphia.
Marion M. Pierce, West Chester, Pa.
Agnes W. Schultze, Bethlehem, Pa.
Gretta M. Smith, Grinnell, la. A.B. Grin-
nell College 1911.
Evelyn Somerville, Aliceville, Ala. N.S.
Univ. of Ala. 1909.
Elizabeth W. Steptoe, Taylorsville, Va.
Maud I. Stull, Canton, Pa.
Leonore A. Tafel, Baltimore, Md.
Clara L. Voigt, Columbia, S. C. A. B. Eliz-
abeth College 1907.
Glauce M. Wilson, Baltimore, Md. Queen's
University, Canada.
Miss Bacon's address during July and Au-
gust will be 50 Lexington street, New Britain,
Ct.
CORINNE BACON, Director.
LIBRARY SCHOOL OF THE NEW YORK
PUBLIC LIBRARY
The only senior lecture not already reported
and the closing one of the year, was given to
the administration seniors on "Work for chil-
dren and children's rooms," by Annie Carroll
Moore, of the New York Public Library, and
was rather a seminar or round-table than a
lecture. The class had some practice in book
selection, and visits to assigned libraries with
quizzes.
Final junior lectures not reported previously
have been "Library conditions in the Far
West," by Franklin F. Hopper, of the New
York Public Library, and "Movements in edu-
cation," four lectures, by Louise Connolly,
Newark Public Library.
Junior visits to the close of the year were
made on May 7 to the Newark Public Library,
including the Business branch and the Barrin-
ger High School ; May 14, to the Russell Sage
Foundation Library; May 16, White Plains
High School Library and the plant of the H.
564
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[July, 1914
W. Wilson Co. ; May 21, to Princeton Univer-
sity Library and the Public Library of Tren-
ton, N. J.; June 3 to the Montague branch of
the Brooklyn Public Library and the Pratt In-
stitute Free Library and Library School ; June
10, Queens Borough Public Library and Flush-
ing branch.
The reception given to the Pratt Institute
Library School on April 24, not heretofore re-
corded, was reciprocated on June 3, making
two excellent opportunities for acquaintance
among the students.
The visits to the Newark Public Library, to
the Trenton Public Library and the New Jer-
sey Commission, and to the H. W. Wilson
Co.'s plant were accompanied by special hos-
pitality which was greatly appreciated. After
the White Plains visit, a large party went by
trolley to Tarrytown to visit Sleepy Hollow,
and on June 6 two or three instructors con-
ducted a party to West Point.
A party tendered to the faculty by both
classes took place the evening of May 15, the
last social occasion of the year, with the ex-
ception of the annual dinner of the Alumni
Association the evening of June n. This last
was held at the Craftsman rooms, covers being
provided for eighty-six. Mr. W. W. Appleton,
of the School's advisory committee; Mr. W.
W. Bishop, the commencement speaker; and
Director and Mrs. Anderson were guests at
the dinner.
Thirty-three juniors, several seniors, the
principal and five of the faculty, attended the
conference in Washington, arriving the Fri-
day before and securing several days' sight-
seeing and library visiting before sessions be-
gan. The libiaries visited were the Library of
Congress, of the Department of Agriculture,
Smithsonian Institution, Public Library, and
the Office of the Superintendent of Documents.
Week-end parties in Pennsylvania and Vir-
ginia followed the conference, work beginning
again at the school on June i. The school re-
union took the form of a luncheon at the Hotel
Gordon, which was the school headquarters,
Mr. and Mrs. E. H. Anderson and Mr. George
F. Bowerman being the guests. Fifty-three
were present.
Commencement took place on June 12, at
ii a. m., twenty-three seniors receiving the
diploma and thirty-eight the certificate. Hon.
George L. Rives, president of the board of
trustees, presided, and bestowed the diplomas,
Director Anderson giving the certificates. Mr.
William Warner Bishop, the superintendent of
the reading room at the Library of Congress,
delivered the commencement address, entitled
"The backs of books."
MARY W. PLUMMER, Principal.
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY
SCHOOL
Miss Katharine L. Sharp, founder and first
director of the school, died June I from in-
juries received a few days earlier in a dis-
tressing automobile accident in the Adiron-
dacks. Everyone connected with the School
has been grief-stricken, and in the general
University community her many friends
among the older members of the various fac-
ulties have given many manifestations of their
affection and sorrow. Miss Frances Simpson,
Assistant Director, Mrs. Maude Straight Car-
man, and Professor Isabel Bevier, all from
Urbana, attended the funeral at Dundee, Il-
linois. The University Senate adopted the
following minute :
The members of the University Senate have
learned with deep sorrow of the death of their
former colleague, Katharine L. Sharp, for ten
years Head Librarian, Professor of Library
Economy, and Director of the Library School,
and desire to place on record their apprecia-
tion of her services to this University.
As the founder of the Library School at
Armour Institute, which on her appointment
as librarian here became a part of this Uni-
versity, she made a notable contribution to
the advancement of her chosen profession.
Her administration of the University Library
was marked by high ideals and great ability
and secured for her a distinguished place
among the librarians of the country.
With all her scholarly enthusiasm, she had
a keen interest in the personal and social wel-
fare of her own pupils and through her ef-
forts for them set for all the students of the
University finer and higher standards of so-
cial conduct.
A Committee of the University Library
Club, including the School faculty, students,
and members of the University Library staff,
adopted the following resolution:
The Library Club of the University of
Illinois, representing the Faculty of the Li-
brary School, the staff of the University Li-
brary, and the students at present members
of the School, desires to record an expres-
sion of the deep grief which its members feel
at the tidings of the death of the former Di-
rector of the School and Librarian of the
University, Katharine L. Sharp.
To Miss Sharp's devotion and untiring ef-
forts, more than to any other factor, the Li-
brary School of the University of Illinois
owes not merely its present standing, but its
very existence. Founded by her at Armour
Institute in 1893, and transferred to the Uni-
versity of Illinois in 1897, the School, under
her leadership, experienced a conservative and
July, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
565
consistent development. Not only was Miss
Sharp an inspiring teacher imbued with the
highest ideals of librarianship, but she strove
earnestly and successfully to transmit to her
students her vision of the broader scholarship
and the better professional training which
should characterize the librarian of the fu-
ture.
Her ten years of intelligent and devoted
service as librarian gave to the University an
organized, efficient library and laid the foun-
dations for its recent growth.
Although for some years Miss Sharp has
not been formally connected with the Univer-
sity of Illinois, her unusual personality has
left a deep impression upon all who came in
touch with her; her students, her co-workers
in the library and her colleagues in the Uni-
versity faculty, to each of whom the news of
her tragic death comes as a distinct personal
loss.
The date of the A. L. A. Conference at
Washington proved to be an inconvenient one
for the faculty and the staff; only Director
and Mrs. Windsor, Assistant Director Simp-
son, Miss Hutchins, and Mr. Janvrin were
able to attend.
The University Commencement exercises
were held June 17, and the degree of B. L. S.
was conferred on the following:
Elizabeth Hamilton Davis, A. B., Illinois
Woman's College, 1909; Stella Belle Galpin,
A.B., Knox College, 1911 ; Louise Fenimore
Schwartz, A. B., Knox College, 1907 ; Rose
Roberts Sears, A. B., Fairmount College. 1909 ;
Sabra Elizabeth Stevens, AB., University of
Illinois, 1906.
Miss Stevens was accorded final honors, her
scholarship standing being the best in her
class. P. L. WINDSOR.
IRcpiew
CARR, JOHN FOSTER. Immigrant and library;
Italian helps; with lists of selected books.
New York: Immigrant Education Society.
93 P- 35 c.
This little book is the latest of Mr. Carr's
publications for the assistance of the aliens in
our country. His "Guide to the United States,"
published first in Italian and later in Polish
and Yiddish, and in an English translation of
the Yiddish, is already well and favorably
known to most libraries having a foreign
element among their patrons. The present vol-
ume is the first of a series intended to help
librarians and others in the selection of
suitable literature in the immigrant's own
tongue.
The books listed are grouped by subject,
after which they are alphabetically arranged
by authors, unless published anonymously.
Following the author's name come the title,
occasionally translated into English; the
name, in Italian, of the place of publication,
and the publisher's name ; the date of the edi-
tion chosen; a brief bibliographical descrip-
tion; and the price, in Italian money. A de-
scriptive note accompanies every entry, sum-
ming up briefly but clearly the characteristic
features both of the book and of its author.
If the notes are almost invariably commen-
datory it is only, the compiler assures us in
his introduction, "because a deliberate attempt
has been made to select books that are worthy
of praise, the best that are available of those
now in print." Editions of moderate price have
been chosen, but so far as possible they are
printed on good paper, and special care has
been taken to include only books which are
still in print. A good many elementary books
are found in the list, for the benefit of readers
of limited education, but the lists are not
restricted to these. In addition to the books
included, there is also a short annotated list
of the best Italian periodicals and newspapers,
with a brief introductory survey of Italian
periodical literature.
Mr. Carr's addresses "The library and the
immigrant" and "The librarian and the Ital-
ian" are printed in the front of the book, and
the last few pages give some library rules and
helps in Italian, selected or adapted from those
already in use in different libraries.
The Immigrant Education Society, of which
Mr. Carr is director, is planning the imme-
diate publication of several other books. "How
to become a citizen" is expected to appear this
month; a "History of the United States" in
August; two books on learning English are
being planned, one or both to be published in
the early autumn ; and the present bibliography
is to be followed by others in Yiddish and
in Polish.
F. A. H.
^Librarians
ALLISON, Gladys B., New York State Li-
brary School, 1913-191.4, has been appointed
assistant in the order and accession depart-
ment of the library of the University of Texas,
Austin.
AUSTIN, Mrs. Mary, for four years librarian
of the University of Arkansas, has resigned,
to engage in farming near Winslow, Ark.,
where she recently purchased a farm.
566
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[July, 1914
BACON, Corinne, has resigned her position as
librarian of Drexel Institute, Philadelphia, to
take charge of the Standard Catalog Series to
be issued by the H. W. Wilson Co., White
Plains, N. Y. She was for seven years first
assistant in the New Britain, Conn., Institute
Library before she attended the New York
State Library School (1901-03). From 1903-10,
she was on the staff of the New York State
Library, teaching in the Library School, doing
reference work, and for a short time working
as library inspector under Mr. W. R. Eastman.
From 1910-12 she worked in the Free Public
Library of Newark, N. J., part of the time as
head cataloger and part as reference librarian.
In the fall of 1912 she became librarian of
Drexel Institute, and director of its Library
School, which has just been discontinued by
order of the trustees.
BALDWIN, Martha, of the Tacoma Public
Library, has been promoted from page to the
position of "mending assistant" in the order
department.
BELDING, Mrs. A., is the librarian of the
Saunders Public Library in Avon, 111., not
Evansville, as was erroneously stated in the
JOURNAL for January.
BOWERS, Ethel, formerly in the Lewis &
Clark High School Library, of Spokane,
Washington, has been appointed an assistant
in the loan department of the Tacoma Public
Library, beginning June 16.
BROWN, Zaidee, New York State Library
School, 1901-1903, has resigned her position as
agent of the Massachusetts Free Public Li-
brary Commission to become librarian of the
Long Beach (Cal.) Public Library.
BUCHANAN, Henry C, formerly state libra-
rian of New Jersey, was re-elected secretary
of the State Public Library Commission at its
May meeting. The chairman, Moses Taylor
Pyne, of Princeton, and the vice-chairman, Dr.
Everett Tomlinson, of Elizabeth, were also re-
elected.
BYRNE, Paul R., New York State Library
School, 1913-1914, will act as temporary assist-
ant in the Buffalo Public Library during July
and August.
CLARK, Elizabeth Voshall, Drexel, 1900, has
resigned the position of librarian of the Car-
negie Free Library, Connellsville, Pa., to ac-
cept the position of librarian at Drexel Insti-
tute, Philadelphia. Miss Clark served as as-
sistant at Drexel Library for nearly two years
after her graduation from the Library School.
She has held positions at the Haverford Col-
lege Library, the Swarthmore College Library,
the Public Library of Bloomsburg, Pennsyl-
vania, and has been at Connellsville since Sep-
tember, 1909.
DEXTER, Lydia A., New York State Library
School, 1891, has been in the service of the
University of Illinois library as cataloger and
bibliographer since the first of January.
DOANM, Stella T., Drexel, 1908, has resigned
her position at Drexel Institute. Since Sep-
tember, 1908, she has served as assistant libra-
rian and instructor in the Library School, do-
ing more and more teaching as time went on.
She will be sadily missed by her associates in
the library and by the faculty of Drexel In-
stitute. Drexel has been fortunate in keeping
her for six years, and the good wishes not only
of her associates, but of the many students
whom she has taught, will follow her to what-
ever new work she may undertake.
ENGELL, Mrs. Jennie C., of the loan depart-
ment of the Tacoma Public Library, has been
granted a year's leave of absence to enter the
Library School of the New York Public Li-
brary this coming fall.
FOSSLER, Miss A. K., has resigned from the
staff of the Columbia University Library in
New York City.
INGALLS, Florence L., New York State Li-
brary School, 1914, will go to Haverford Col-
lege as assistant librarian in September.
KOBETICH, Mary, of Tacoma, has received a
temporary appointment in the loan department
of the Tacoma Public Library. Miss Kobe-
tich will enter the University of Wisconsin
this fall, and later will enter the Wisconsin
Library School.
LOGASA, Hannah, head of the department of
accounts and statistics at the Omaha (Neb.)
Public Library and a member of the library
staff for ten years, will become high school
librarian of the University of Chicago at an
annual salary of $1,500, when she returns from
a European vacation, October i.
LOWRY, Elizabeth, New York State Library
School, 1912-1914, has been appointed assistant
in the University of California Library, Berke-
ley.
MARTIN, Mamie R., New York State Library
School, 1913-1914, will go to the Gary (Ind.)
Public Library in August to take charge of
the high school branch.
July, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
567
MITCHELL, Sarah Louise, New York State
Library School, 1904, who was formerly in the
School of Education in the University of Chi-
cago, was made librarian of the Ryerson Li-
brary at the Art Institute of Chicago, June i.
MORSE, Anna Louise, librarian of the Reu-
ben McMillan Free Library at Youngstown, O.,
has tendered her resignation. The library
board voted to close the library June 15 for
the summer, but later decided to keep open a
little longer, pending the search for funds with
which to maintain the institution. Miss Morse,
in her statement of resignation, said the strait-
ened circumstances under which the library
had been conducted in recent years made it
impossible to give reading facilities adequate
to the growing needs of Youngstown. Since
the Reuben McMillan Library was not to keep
pace with the growth of the city, Miss Morse
said she thought it better that she should re-
sign.
NOEL, Jacqueline, Pratt, 1912-13, librarian at
La Grande, Oregon, has been appointed an
assistant in the reference department of the
Tacoma Public Library, beginning July 6.
NORTON, Mrs. Elizabeth, of Carlisle, Ky., has
been elected librarian of Transylvania Univer-
sity and the College of the Bible, at Lexing-
ton, Ky.
PERRINE, Helen, has been appointed librarian
of the South Amboy (N. J.) Public Library.
RUNCIE, Lieut. James E., U. S. A., retired,
has been appointed librarian of the United
States Military Academy at West Point, in the
place made vacant by the death of Dr. Edward
Singleton Holden.
SHARP, Katharine, one of the most promi-
nent women librarians of the country, died in
the hospital at Saranac Lake, N. Y., June i, as
the result of an automobile accident near Lake
Placid. A party of twelve from the Lake
Placid Club, including, besides Miss Sharp,
Melvil Dewey and Miss May Seymour, were
in the car, which was mounting a long hill,
when the car stopped and then began to back.
For some unexplained reason the brakes were
unable to hold the heavy load, and in rounding
a curve the car ran off the road and turned on
its side. With the exception of Miss Sharp
no one was seriously injured. In attempting to
leap from the car, she struck her head. Tre-
phining was resorted to — two operations — but
she never regained consciousness. After a
private service at Saranac Lake, the body wab,
taken to Dundee, 111., for burial. Miss Sharp
was born in Elgin, 111., May 25, 1865. She was
graduated from Northwestern University in
1885. In 1892 she completed her course at the
New York State Library School, and received
her M.L.S. there in 1896. After teaching and
acting as librarian and library organizer for
several years, she took charge of the compara-
tive library exhibit at the Chicago exposition
in 1893. From 1893 to 1897 she was director
of the department of library science at Armour
Institute of Technology in Chicago, and from
1897 to 1907 was head librarian and director
of the State Library School at the University
of Illinois. Miss Sharp was a member of the
Council of the A. L. A. from 1895 to 1905, and
was its vice-president in 1898 and again in
1907. Since 1906 she had been a fellow of the
American Library Institute. Eight years ago
she retired from active library work to take
an executive position at the Lake Placid Club.
SMITH, Mabel, of Oconto, Wis., has been
chosen librarian for the new library at Olym-
pia, Wash. Miss Smith is a graduate of the
University of Wisconsin and of the Library
School of the University of Wisconsin, and
also of the Training School for Children's Li-
brarians at Pittsburgh, Pa. She was employed
in the Carnegie Library at Pittsburgh, and is
at present librarian of the public library at
Watertown, Wis.
WEITENKAMPF, Frank, head of the division
of prints of the New York Public Library, was
given the honorary degree of Doctor of Hu-
mane Letters by New York University on com-
mencement day, June 10, 1914. Chancellor
Brown, in conferring the degree upon Mr.
Weitenkampf , said : "You have furthered the
development of the modern library as an
agency of public education in that most im-
portant field of the appreciation of beauty in
the arts. By virtue of the authority vested in
me, I welcome you to the degree of Doctor of
Humane Letters, and confer upon you all of
the privileges appertaining to that degree, in
testimony whereof you are granted this di-
ploma." Mr. Weitenkampf returned to New
York, June 8, from a short study trip through
European print rooms, and, incidentally, visited
many museums and libraries.
WHITMAN, Jessie, librarian of the Moorhead
(N. D.) Public Library, has tendered her res-
ignation to take effect Sept. i, 1914.
WOOD, Frances A., librarian emeritus at Vas-
sar College, died at her home in Poughkeepsie
June 17. She had been ill several weeks. Miss
Wood had been associated with the faculty at
Vassar College for forty-four years. She was
librarian for thirty years. In 1910 she resigned;
and was made librarian emeritus.
THE LIBRARY WORLD
New England
MAINE
Blue Hill. The Blue Hill Library has re-
ceived a bequest of $1,000 through the will of
the late William Paris Tenney, of Boston, a
native of Blue Hill, and many of the Library
Association hope that the sum will be made
the nucleus of a building fund.
Houlton. The Houlton Public Library has
been bequeathed the sum of $5,000 by the will
of the late Miss Emma Drew, who lately died
in Florida. She lived for many years in Houl-
ton. The gift was made in honor of her
late brother, Mellen Drew.
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Charlestown. The Public Library has re-
ceived a bequest of $400 from Mrs. Catharine
Rogers Paris, who died in Boston May 2.
Milford. Marinda A. Smith, of Milford, has
bequeathed $1,000 to the Milford Public Li-
brary, to be held in trust, the annual income to
be used in maintaining the library.
Wilmot. The Wilmot Public Library has
recently received from the trustees under the
will of Mary Baker Eddy several of her
books on Christian Science. These books are
to be placed at the disposal of the reading pub-
lic as soon as they have been cataloged.
MASSACHUSETTS
Amherst. Prof, John F. Genung is at work
upon preliminary plans for the proposed new
Amherst College Library, to take the place of
the present building, which has been outgrown.
Boston. The compilation and publication of
a union list of all periodicals and other serials,
useful for research work, received in the fifty-
four public and private libraries in Boston, is,
according to newspaper accounts, the first step
planned in a movement for "the adaptation of
learning to the requirements of a" studious
city." Thomas J. Homer outlined the plan,
and William C. Lane was elected chairman of
a committee in immediate charge of the work,
with G. W. Lee secretary. Mr. Lane has been
authorized to enlarge the ccmmittee. It is es-
timated that the work will cost about $10,000.
Cambridge. Eli H. Peirce, of Salt Lake City,
has sold his collection of rare Utah books to
Harvard University, the sum paid for it being
approximately $6,625. Mr. Peirce's library, or
that part of it involved in the sale, comprises
copies of many of the early publications of
the Mormon church now out of print. Some
years ago the church called in a large number
of these, and for that reason they are extreme-
ly scarce. In consequence, they have grown
very much in value. Mr. Peirce's collection in-
cludes about 2,650 volumes.
Cambridge. The oddities of a library tem-
porarily placed in an eating hall are thus de-
scribed by Mr. W. C. Lane in his report on
the temporary housing of the Harvard Library
in Randall Hall:
"The serving-room along the north side of
the building is occupied by the order depart-
ment and the shelf department. The scullery
accommodates the cataloging staff. The audi-
tor's office becomes a small reference room,
opening out from the delivery room. After
some shifting of partitions, the 'student waiters'
dressing-room' becomes the librarian's outer
office and registrar's office ; a small room, called
a 'dormitory' on the old plans, is turned into
the librarian's office, and another 'dormitory'
is occupied by typewriters. Typewriters also
are placed in the 'pastry and ice-cream room.'
Below, in the kitchen, the ranges have been
boarded up, though the big red soup cauldrons
may still be seen, and the room gives ample
space for unpacking boxes of books, collating
them, putting in seals, etc., while the dumb-
waiters going up to the shelf department just
above are a luxury we never knew in Gore
Hall. A bakery, cut off from one side of the
kitchen, becomes a capital bindery. A large
space in the basement, screened off by net-
ting and formerly used for 'dry stores,' is the
newspaper room. The potato room, with its
brick walls and hard cement floor, newly
whitened and shelved with the sliding cases
from the Treasure Room in Gore Hall, makes
a safe depository for our rarest and most
valuable books. There are refrigerators in
bewildering variety, some of which are used
for storing boxes of books before they are
unpacked, and in one of which we may put the
books of the 'Inferno'."
Concord. A statue of Ralph Waldo Emer-
son, the work of Daniel Chester French, was
unveiled in the Public Library May 23. Speak-
ers at the exercises were Major Henry L. Hig-
ginson, George A. King, and Moorfield Storey.
Fairhaven. The Millicent Library has re-
cently issued a little pamphlet entitled "Mark
Twain and Fairhaven," which contains the text
of an address made by Mr. Clemens at the
July, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
569
dedication of the town hall in 1894 and of a
letter written to the library at the same time.
There is also a brief historical sketch of the
library, with an exterior view, and a front-
ispiece portrait of Mr. Clemens.
Sherborn. At a special town meeting,' May
27, the town accepted the library building
erected by W. H. B. Dowse as a memorial to
his father, the late Rev. Dr. Edmund Dowse,
for many years chaplain of Massachusetts
State Senate and for more than sixty years
pastor of Pilgrim Congregational Church in
this town. The building is of brick, and cost
upward of $50,000. W. H. B. Dowse, Dr.
George E. Poor and Aaron C. Dowse were ap-
pointed a committee to arrange for the dedica-
tion of the building.
CONNECTICUT
The Connecticut Public Library Committee,
in a circular freely distributed, proposed that
schools, so far as possible, observe May 15, as
library day, setting aside at least part of one
session for the consideration of books, reading
and libraries. It also proposed that the pro-
gram for this occasion should include sketches
of some Connecticut authors and their books,
by various pupils, a symposium of books read
during the last year, and a consideration of
composition books from the earliest times to
the present.
East Haven. By the will of Mrs. Harriett
Forbes, of East Haven, the town is beneficiary
in the sum of $1,500 as the nucleus for a fund
to obtain a site for a library for the town. The
will directs the selectmen to invest the sum
and add to it the interest until sufficient funds
are provided for the site and building. It
also directs that a tablet be placed on the build-
ing as a memorial to Mrs. Forbes' husband,
Albert Forbes, in whose memory she gives the
library fund.
Middle Atlantic
NEW YORK
Belfast. It is now announced that the friend
who recently offered $8,000 to the women of
the Hawthorne Club for a library building is
Frank Bartlett, president of the National Bank
of Clean, but a native of this town. In addi-
tion to this gift, Mrs. Sarah Ford Crosby has
given a site to the club which is to be used
for the building. Work will be started on the
building soon.
Canandaigua. After occupying its quarters
in the town house for many years, the Wood
Library has been moved from the town house
to its new and permanent quarters in the build-
ing of the Ontario County Historical Society
in North Main street.
East Hampton. Dr. Everett Herrick, late ot
New York City, has bequeathed to the East
Hampton Public Library the income of $25,000,
to be known as the Harriet F. Herrick fund.
Dr. Herrick also gave to the Maidstone Club,
of East Hampton, the first mortgage he held
on the club's property, providing that no in-
toxicating liquor be sold at the club, and that
it shall not change its character as a pleasure
club. If any of the conditions are violated
the bequest, valued at $7,500, is to go to the
East Hampton Library.
New York City. Fifty new libraries have
recently been added to the number sent out by
the American Seaman's Friend Society. Each
library is packed in a small case containing
forty-three volumes. They are placed on deep
sea ships, and are put on deck every Sunday
morning by the captain, where the sailors can
read them. There are 3000 of these libraries
afloat at the present time in merchant ships.
New York City. At the library of Columbia
University several changes have been made.
The serial department has been discontinued,
its work being carried on by the catalog and
accession departments. After July I only gild-
ing, repairing, and pamphlet binding will be
done in the library bindery. The work of
substituting large cards for small cards in the
general catalog has been suspended until it
can be provided for by a special appropria-
tion. The official catalog has been discon-
tinued. The School of Mines Library has been
formed by combining the mines and metallurgy
reading rooms. Early in June the social sci-
ence reading room was moved from room 510
Kent to 606 Kent.
New York City. The section to the north
of Columbia University, known as Manhattan -
ville, will be the site of the next branch of the
New York Public Library. This branch, named
in honor of George Bruce, is to be erected from
the proceeds of the sale of the old branch of
that name, situated at 226 West Forty-second
street. That was given by Miss Katherine
Bruce to the New York Free Circulating Li-
brary, in 1888, as a memorial to her father,
George Bruce. The new building will be
located near the intersection of I26th street
and Manhattan street, and, unlike the conven-
tional type of branch buildings erected from
the Carnegie Fund, will be of colonial design,
with fagades of brick with stone trimmings.
The title to this property was acquired Dec. 9,
1913. The lot has a frontage of fifty feet on
570
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[July, 1914
I26th street and an average depth of 104 feet.
The building will have its main entrance on
Manhattan street, with a service entrance on
I26th street. The library will be three stories
high on Manhattan street and four stories
high on I26th street, as an extra floor is re-
quired for janitor's quarters. There will be
an assembly room in the basement. The first
floor will contain the adult_ circulation depart-
ment and the reading and reference room.
The second floor will be for children, and it
will contain both circulation and reading
rooms. Carrere and Hastings are the archi-
tects. It is expected that the building, with its
equipment, will cost about $90,000. Excava-
tions are already being made.
Oyster Bay. A library containing 3000 vol-
umes relating to Argentine sociology, com-
merce, industries and customs has reached the
home of Theodore Roosevelt here. It is the
gift of the Social Museum of Argentina, and
was forwarded together with 100 museum bul-
letins dealing with the progress of the Roose-
velt explorations in South America.
NEW JERSEY
Bayonne. Owing to its moneys being tied up
in the defunct First National Bank of this
city, the Bayonne Free Public Library trus-
tees are again compelled to borrow $5,000 for
the operation of the library. Several weeks
ago the trustees borrowed a similar amount
for the purchase of the steel stacks being used
in the new extension to the building.
Hoboken. Pupils of the manual training
classes are to make the shelving for the branch
libraries in the public schools in West Ho-
boken.
Morristown. The board of directors of the
Morristown Library and Lyceum announce
that its settlement with the insurance com-
panies leaves it with about $27,000 cash and
the walls of the old building, which the com-
panies value at $28,000 cash and which the
directors have had to accept at such value.
PENNSYLVANIA
Barrie. The Free Library board of this
town has asked the town council to make ap-
plication to Andrew Carnegie for a grant of
$15,000 for a library. It is said that 80 per
cent, of the citizens are in favor of the project.
Doylestown. The will of the late Charles
C. Cox, of Doylestown, bequeaths nearly all of
his personal estate in trust to build a public
library in Doylestown, to be known as "The
Melinda Cox Free Library." He left about
$40,000.
Pittsburgh. Two million dollars have been
added to the endowment fund of Carnegie
Institute by the founder, Andrew Carnegie,
was the announcement made at a special meet-
ing of the trustees of the institute, June 4.
The $2,000,000 is to be divided equally between
the library, museum and the Carnegie Institute
of Technology.
MARYLAND
Frederick. The new public library was
opened to the public the evening of May 22,
with about 14,000 volumes on the shelves. Un-
der the will of the late C. Burr Artz, upon the
death of his daughter, Miss Victorine Artz, an
aged woman of Chicago, $100,000 will revert
to this city for a library. Mr. Artz formerly
lived in Frederick, and the library is to be
known as the "C. Burr Artz Public Library."
The trustees of the fund are Samuel G. Du-
vall, Jacob Rohrback and the Rev. Henri L. G.
Kieffer. The late Mrs. Margaret E. S. Hood
willed a site for a library.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Washington. Feeling that the public library,
with only one branch, is reaching only a small
portion of the children of the city, the library
is turning to the schools for help in getting in
touch with the others. Any teacher may select
or request the library to select one book for
every child in the class, or any number of
books up to fifty. The books will be sent to
the school by the library and called for at the
end of two months, after notification, unless it
is desired to keep them longer. To help the
teachers in making their selections, the library
has just prepared a "Graded and annotated
catalog of books." The material is arranged
by subject, and an author index is included.
The grading is only suggestive, and the notes
are in such simple English that the children
themselves can use the book and make their
own selections.
The South
VIRGINIA
Richmond. Following the action of the
finance committee in turning down the offer to
purchase Jeter Memorial Hall, the public li-
brary question has taken a new turn by the
proposal of the city council to convert the old
high school building, now occupied by the
school committee, into a library. By a vote of
17 to 2, the council has passed a resolution by
which the old high school may become a public
library building, provided the school committee
can find other quarters.
July, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
571
GEORGIA
Atlanta. Mayor James G. Woodward has
vetoed the proposed charter amendment admit-
ting women as members of the educational,
park, library and hospital boards, and his veto
is been sustained by the council. The mayor's
objection to the amendment was that with a
icmbership of seventeen instead of twelve
these committees would become unwieldy and
would lose their usefulness.
Savannah. An order of incorporation for
the Carnegie Colored Library Association of
Savannah has been granted in the superior
court.
Savannah. At a meeting of the Library
Commission, June 2, it was decided that H. W.
Witcover, of Savannah, should be the archi-
tect for the new Savannah Library, with Bev-
erly S. King, of New York, as consulting spe-
cialist.
KENTUCKY
Danville. The new $50,000 library and the
new $50,000 gymnasium erected on the grounds
of Central University have been completed and
are ready for occupancy.
MISSISSIPPI
Jackson. The new Carnegie library is nearly
lished. Furniture and shelves are being put
ito place, and it is expected the building will
open to the public in a short time.
ALABAMA
Birmingham. A fund of $3,000 will be raised
the Pastors' Union for a collection of books
on evangelical subjects. This amount is not
included in the previous donation to the gen-
eral library fund, but is designed to purchase
books to supplement the collection of evangel-
ical literature now in the library and thus make
it comparable to collections of other religious
faiths.
Central West
MICHIGAN
Detroit. In case the statement printed in the
LIBRARY JOURNAL for May in regard to the
library budget may convey the wrong impres-
sion as to the final action and attitude of the
city toward the library, we are glad to print
the following extract from a recent letter from
Mr. Strohm : "It is true that the council com-
mittee on claims and accounts reduced some of
the items in the budget, but during the closing
week of the final determination of the munici-
pal budget the board of estimates acted most
generously toward the Detroit Library. Not
only did none of the funds suffer any reduc-
tion at the hands of the estimators, but the
chairman of the special committee on the li-
brary most unexpectedly asked for the privi-
lege on the floor at the closing session of the
estimators, and stated that in his experience
no budget had ever been presented from a
municipal department so comprehensive, intel-
ligent and worthy of generous treatment as the
one submitted by the Detroit Library Com-
mission. As a result, the budget was passed
without a single voice of protest. As regards
the new main library, every difficulty relative
to the site is practically a thing of the past.
All the important properties needed for the
purpose of beginning building operations have
been acquired, and the scenery is all set for
laying the foundation for the new building the
early part of October."
Monroe. In compliance with a long ex-
pressed desire, Mrs. Augusta Dorsch, who died
here May 3, left her homestead on First
street to Monroe for a city library, to be
known as the Dorsch Library. The property
is worth about $6,000 and is located on the
public square. Her husband, Dr. Edward
Dorsch, was for forty years a leading prac-
titioner here.
OHIO
Cincinnati. A gift of $6,000 from the Car-
negie Corporation of New York, added to the
$6,000 appropriated by the city council, will
allow work to be begun soon on a new branch
library at Eighth street and State avenue, the
Times-Star announces.
Cleveland. At a joint meeting of the East
Cleveland library board and the East Cleve-
land council, early in June, the council author-
ized a $50,000 bond issue for the site for the
new East Cleveland Library. Andrew Carne-
gie has offered $35,000 for a new library build-
ing if East Cleveland will furnish the site and
maintain the building.
Cleveland. The public library board, on May
10, over the protest and vote of President
John G. White, chose the site of the present
city hall for the proposed $2,000,000 library. A
resolution to that effect placed the members on
record as favoring the site, provided the city
can make the transfer legally. The building
committee of the board was instructed to meet
with the group plan committee of the city
council and start preliminary arrangements for
the transfer of the land. It was further agreed
by the board that the demand that the property
revert to the city when it is no longer used for
library purposes would be granted.
572
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[July, 1914
Findlay. The offer made by George P.
Jones to give the old Jones homestead on
East Sandusky street to the library board has
been refused because of the expense the board
would be put to in the reconstruction of the
building as a library. It is valued at $20,000.
It was offered jointly to the library trustees
and the Welfare League.
Hamilton. It is expected to reopen the Lane
Free Library, July 4, when there will be a pub-
lic dedication.
INDIANA
Carmel. The new Carnegie Library at
Carmel is now completed and ready for occu-
pancy at a cost of $11,000. The building is of
brick, with a measurement of 42 x 50 feet. The
interior is finished in quartered oak, except
the basement, which is in red oak. On the
first floor is the library proper, with the office
of the librarian to the left and rear. In the
basement is an assembly room, a clubroom,
furnace room and lavatories. A range has
been placed in the basement for demonstra-
tions of domestic science. The building is
electric lighted and supplied with hot and cold
water. T. A. Painter is president of the library
board and Miss Sarah Follett is librarian.
The library at this time consists of 2000 vol-
umes.
Indianapolis. A plea for a library and civic
center, to be erected in the neighborhood of
Fountain square, has been made to the board
of school commissioners by a committee from
the South Side, headed by John P. White.
Architectural plans for a building, approved
by the South Side, were presented to the board.
The committee was assured the matter will be
given careful consideration.
Kendallville. Kendallville's new Carnegie
Library, completed at a cost of $15,000, was
dedicated May 21. Louis W. Fuller, of the
Tri-State Normal, of Angola, was the speaker.
ILLINOIS
Chicago. A petition, containing more than
10,000 signatures and asking for a branch li-
brary and reading-room in the Douglas dis-
trict, Chicago's "new Ghetto," has been pre-
sented to the Public Library board. The dis-
trict has 50,000 families and a population of
250,000. Samuel J. Stulman, secretary of the
Douglas Library League, said "There are eight
grammar schools and one high school in the
district, but the nearest library is four miles
away. Every school teacher and public office-
holder in the district favors our petition, and
we have every reason to expect its favorable
consideration."
The North West
WISCONSIN
Racine. Racine Junction branch library was
opened for inspection Memorial Day. Miss
Helen Gorton, who came to Racine from Plym-
outh, Ind., will have temporary charge of the
new library, and her assistant will be Miss
Hazel Buck. At present there are about 2,000
volumes in the library.
MINNESOTA
Chisholm. The new Chisholm Public Library
was opened to the public on May 15. The
library is built of brick and cost $85,000. The
main floor contains circulating and reference
rooms for both adults and children, as well as
offices for the librarian. Two entrances on
either side of the main doorway lead to the
lower floor, which is occupied by the audi-
torium, men's game room, women's clubroom
and the workroom. The furnishings of the
men's room include game tables, a writing
desk, reading tables, paper racks and a shuffle
board. The auditorium is equipped with seats
for 232 persons. There is a large stage. A
victrola has been purchased, with records in
English and several foreign languages. Vic-
trola concerts will be given at frequent inter-
vals. A moving picture booth has been in-
stalled in the auditorium, and it is hoped to
have it equipped with a machine by fall so as
to give exhibitions during the winter months.
In the women's clubroom women's clubs and
organizations of various sorts may hold their
meetings or enjoy a social hour. The library
will open with a collection of over 3200 vol-
umes. Of these 75 are in Finnish, 159 in Ital-
ian, 164 in Slovenian and 122 in Servian.
More than half the Italian books were a gift
from the Dante Alighieri Society. Of the 2700
books now ready for circulation, 657 are fic-
tion, 779 are for children and the remainder
are in foreign languages and non-fiction. Those
in foreign languages will be exchanged with
neighboring range libraries, thus making a
small collection meet large needs.
St. Paul. Arrangements have been made
with the Western Union Telegraph Company
for the delivery of books within a radius of
two miles of the library, at the rate of five
cents a book. Delivery in more remote sec-
tions of the city will be made through the li-
brary stations or by book post.
St. Paul. The first number of the St. Paul
Public Library Bulletin has been issued. It
contains a list of about 800 books recently
added to the library, and will be distributed
by the pupils of the public schools.
July, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
573
St. Paul. Three branch library buildings, at
a total cost of $75,000, will be given to St. Paul
by the Carnegie Corporation of New York, if
the city provides suitable sites and agrees to
spend $7,500 a year to maintain them. The
library board already has tentatively selected
the districts in which these branches should be
located, as follows : First ward, Arlington hills,
$30,000; sixth ward, West Side, $20,000; St.
Anthony Park North, $25,000. Two other
branches may be made possible by the use of
the bequest of the late Judge Hale. Negotia-
tions for the branch libraries have been going
on several months.
NEBRASKA
Broken Bow. At the last meeting of the city
council definite action was taken regarding the
establishing of a $10,000 Carnegie library in
this city, and a resolution favoring the project
was unanimously adopted. If the library is
secured, part of a disused street, located in
the heart of the city, will be vacated and used
as a site for the building. The city also pledges
itself in this case to levy a tax of not less than
$1,000 a year for the maintenance of the li-
brary.
Omaha. On account of decreased patronage
during the hot weather, the library board has
decided to cut down expenses by shortening
the hours during which the library is open to
the public to make it possible for the reduced
staff to care for the work without hiring tem-
porary assistants. According to Miss Edith
Tobitt, the librarian, money saved in this
way is used in the purchase and repair of
books.
MONTANA
Suite. The new library board, at a spe-
cial meeting the latter part of May, passed
several important measures. Beginning on or
about June I, patrons living in Silver Bow
county will be able to get books by parcel
post The board asked the city attorney to
draft a bill for an ordinance creating the posi-
tion of director of the library juvenile depart-
ment. Mrs. Frances Nuckolls Kelly was named
assistant librarian at a salary of $100 per
month. This brings the number of assistants
to seven. Beginning Sunday, May 24, the
library will hereafter be open every day in the
year from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. Last year, with a
stock of about 57,500 books, 150,363 books
were issued. If the library had not been closed
for two weeks in February, the busiest month
in the year, the record for books issued would
have been broken.
The South West
KANSAS
Lincoln. The new Carnegie library, com-
pleted at a cost of almost $7,000, was formally
opened to the public May 5. Mrs. Albert Orr
was elected librarian for the ensuing year.
OKLAHOMA
Muskogee. The new Carnegie Library was
opened early in June, although some details of
moving were still unfinished. The building is
of brick and white stone. The entrance leads
into a rotunda, around which are grouped the
children's room, adult reading and reference
room, librarian's office and the workroom. The
charging desk is in the rotunda. On the sec-
ond floor is an auditorium, a room to be trans-
formed later into a reference room, and a small
clubroom. In the basement are rooms in-
tended for a newspaper room and for the
traveling libraries, as well as a restroom and
lunchroom for employes. The woodwork is
finished in silver gray that gives a soft and
beautiful effect. The rooms are all tinted in
soft and harmonious colors, and the lighting
is one of the best features of the building.
The new ceiling lights used reflect a very soft
light that is excellent for reading. There are
many convenient and attractive features, new
filing stands where newspaper files are kept on
skeleton shelves that pull out and provide a
convenient table-shelf on which to rest the
bound volume while looking up a reference,
filing cabinets that are models of their kind,
and many new devices. There are now about
7000 books on the library shelves, with room
for more than 15,000.
Pacific Coast
WASHINGTON
Olympia. The cornerstone of the joint
Olympia and Thurston County Library was
laid May 6.
Spokane. The contract has been let on the
new North Monroe branch library building.
Tacoma. The Tacoma Public Library by
joint arrangement with the Tacoma Board of
Education will establish a new branch library
at the new Lincoln Park High School to be
opened September i. Miss Louise Smith, of
the Seattle Public Library, and a graduate of
the library course at the University of Wash-
ington, will be in charge of the new branch
under appointment by the Board of Education
and the public library jointly. The new
branch will contain reference books for the
high school students, collateral reading and a
574
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[July, 1914
circulating library for the community. It will
be opened during the school hours and cer-
tain other hours to be decided upon later. The
board of trustees of the Tacoma Public Li-
brary has authorized the installation of a pay
duplicate collection of current fiction,
CALIFORNIA
Sacramento. After July i, 1914, the Cali-
fornia State Library will furnish books
and information to libraries and individ-
uals throughout the state only through the
county library system, and in case of con-
flict in requests coming from counties having
no county library system and those having
such a system, first attention will be given to
the latter. Of the fifty-eight counties of the
state, twenty-five now have established county
library systems, furnishing library facilities to
all such sections of the county as have ac-
cepted taxation for county library purposes.
The resolutions of the state library trustees,
formulating the new policy, are given in News
Notes of California Libraries, April, p. 399.
San Francisco. The library trustees have
acccepted plans for the main library building,
which is to cost $1,000,000, of which sum
$500,000 is provided by the Carnegie fund and
$500,000 from the sale of municipal bonds.
George William Kelham, chief of the depart-
ment of architecture of the Panama-Pacific
Exposition, is the architect, chosen from a
competition of six, the plans being submitted
anonymously. The jury was composed of
Cass Gilbert, of New York; Paul C. Cret, of
Philadelphia, and James D. Phelan, of the
board of trustees. Mr. Kelham's design being
accepted, he will receive 6 per cent of the
cost of the building, the unsuccessful competi-
tors each receiving $1,000. The building will
be three-storied, 345 feet long and 180 feet
wide, and forming part of the civic center
scheme which will embrace ten blocks in the
heart of the city, will be of the same height
as the other buildings, 70 feet to the top of
the cornice. Mr. Kelham, on acceptance of
his plan, arranged to go east for a detailed
study of latest developments in library archi-
tecture.
San Francisco. Of the $250,000 given to the
city by Mr. Carnegie for branch library build-
ings, $50,000 is now being expended for the
Richmond District branch, which will be com-
pleted in October; it will have shelf room for
15,000 volumes and an auditorium with seating
capacity of 200.
The initial class of the State Library School
is to receive six weeks' practical training in
the San Francisco Public Library. The class is
restricted to fifteen students per year.
NEVADA
Reno. The LIBRARY JOURNAL joins with the
University of Nevada in its expression of
regret that the new library building for the
university cost only $10,000, instead of $100,-
ooo, as reported in the JOURNAL for May.
Canada
The "Year book of Canadian art," published
by the Arts and Letters Club of Toronto, has
made its appearance. It contains summary re-
views of the work of Canada's leaders in liter-
ature, architecture, music, painting and sculp-
ture, and is the first attempt to collect in one
volume any such record for the Dominion.
Mr. George H. Locke, chief librarian of the
Public Library at Toronto, has undertaken to
market the book, and the price is $1.00, post-
paid.
Montreal. A central library on Sherbrooke
street, at the corner of Montcalm and Beaudry
streets, and facing Lafontaine Park, on land
now owned by the city, was the final decision
reached June 9 by the Board of Control. The
principle of branch libraries in the east, west,
north and southern sections of the city was
also adopted. The resolution stated that:
"Whereas, it is desirable for the city to have
libraries for the different sections of the city,
whereas the city owns a piece of land situated
at the corner of Beaudry and Sherbrooke
streets ; be it resolved to ask the council to
authorize the board to take from the appro-
priation of $500,000, voted for the erection of
a library, an amount of $250,000 for the con-
struction of one of these libraries, and that
the Board of Control be authorized to open a
contest between Canadian architects for the
preparation of plans for the building on Sher-
brooke street, with the understanding that the
plans for the other library buildings will be,
as much as possible, of a similar kind, and that
prizes be awarded to the three first architects
in the contest, the first to receive $1,000, the
second $800 and the third $500, and, in addi-
tion, that a sum of $2,000 be voted to defray
the cost of preparing and getting printed the
program of the contest and paying the judges
for their work."
Welland. On the ground that Carnegie's
money is blood money, the trades and labpr
council of Welland have defeated a by-law
brought before the electors, covering the pur-
chasing of a site for a Carnegie library build-
ing. The library by-law, if carried, would have
insured the town of Welland getting a hand-
some Carnegie library and was defeated by a
big majority, by reason of the labor men's
activity against it.
July, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
575
BibitoarapWcal IRotes
The Oxford University Press is soon to is-
sue a little book called "Some Oxford libra-
ries," by Strickland Gibson, intended chiefly
for those who wish fuller information about
the older Oxford libraries than is given in
the usual guide book or book of reference.
"A catalogue of books published by Martinus
Nijhoff, 1853-1913," is the title of a catalog
filling 197 pages. The book is divided into
two parts, the second part containing the
books relating to foreign lands. Its contents
are arranged alphabetically by authors, and
give complete bibliographical entry, including
price.
"A Stevenson bibliography," by J. Herbert
Slater, is the first volume of a forthcoming
series which promises to be decidedly useful
to collectors of books, as well as to libra-
rians and booksellers. Instead of the old
chronological arrangement, the titles are en-
tered in alphabetical order. Each entry is
followed by a bibliographical note, giving full
information about the size, the publishers, the
different editions that have been issued, and
the present auction prices.
An "Index to United States documents re-
lating to foreign affairs," compiled by Ade-
laide R. Hasse for the Carnegie Institution of
Washington, is now in press. The index will
fill three quarto volumes. The index covers
the period between 1828 and 1861. The Folio
American State Papers (Foreign Affairs),
which ceased in 1828, have indexes, and an
index to the annual Diplomatic Correspond-
ence beginning in 1861 has been published
by the State Department. The new index will
afford reference to the entire published rec-
ord of documents, papers, correspondence
and, to a considerable extent, legislation and
decisions upon international or diplomatic
questions. In addition to the reports of Con-
gress, the following series of documents have
been indexed; the Senate Executive Journal,
for diplomatic and consular appointments
and treaty ratifications ; the Opinions of the
Attorneys General, for decisions on questions
of international controversy; the Statutes-at-
Large, for acts and resolutions relating to in-
ternational affairs; and the Congressional
Globe and its predecessors for speeches and
correspondence. The text of the latter, it
was found, does not always correspond with
the text as printed in the House and Senate
documents. In the "Index to state docu-
ments" which Miss Hasse is also editing, the
volume for New Jersey is now in press, work
is being done on Pennsylvania, and South
Carolina will be the next state taken up.
Librarians overlook a very useful tool when
they fail to subscribe for the "Catalogue of
copyright entries," issued by the Copyright
Office of the Library of Congress. The law
provides a subscription price which is in-
tended to be only nominal. While the whole
catalog, covering 6,451 pages in 1913, is to be
had for $3.00 a year, persons interested in
the subject matter of but one part can secure
that part separately as follows: Books and
pamphlets, including lists of lectures, dramas
and maps, in two volumes a year, $1.00;
Periodicals, $0.50; Music, $1.00; Fine arts,
photographs, prints and motion pictures, $0.50.
Group i of Books is printed thrice weekly
from the slugs used in printing L. C. cards,
each entry being identical with the printed
card except for the omission of subject head-
ings. It is therefore of special value to li-
braries ordering the cards, and small libra-
ries having two $1.00 subscriptions could cut
and paste the author entries for their card
catalogs. This part contains not only the ti-
tles of all books copyrighted in the United
States but also a considerable selection of
foreign book titles of special interest to li-
brarians. Copious indexes are supplied for
all parts of the catalog and these are com-
bined annually to form indexes for each of
the five volumes. Subscriptions must be for
the calendar year and are payable in advance
to the Superintendent of Documents, Wash-
ington, D. C., by postal money order, express
order, or New York draft.
THE LIBRARIANS MOTHER GOOSE
VI L OPEN SHELF.
Sing a song of book news
A pocket full of fines.
Circulation going up
Along the fiction lines.
—Renee B. Stern.
576
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
July, 1914]
Communications
TWO ESSENTIALS OF WELL-BOUND BOOKS
Editor Library Journal:
The Galerie Mazarine of the Bibliotheque
Nationale in Paris is a very attractive place
for bookbinders, for there may be seen one of
the best collections of bindings in the world.
Wandering through those rooms not long ago,
the writer was once more impressed by the
fact that the oldest and most interesting of the
bindings were those which had raised cords.
This was not a new thought, for experience
with many old books has shown that the use
of that method of sewing was almost invari-
able in them. These volumes of the I5th, i6th,
and I7th centuries have remained in good
condition, often in spite of hard usage. It is
evident the early binders realized that the
raised cord method was the best, and fol-
lowed it as a matter of course.
For the benefit of those who do not know,
let me explain that a "raised cord binding" is
one where the "signatures," or groups of
leaves of which the book is composed, are
sewed to cords which are entirely outside the
book. The sewing thread passes through the
middle of a signature, around a cord, into the
signature again and around the next cord, and
so on up and down the back of the book. In
this way all the strain from the sewing comes
on the cords, and there is no danger that the
thread will cut the backs of the pages. If the
cords have considerable thickness, each en-
circling thread is like a little hinge, and much
strength is secured. Of course, there are hun-
dreds of books which are not worth such care-
ful sewing, but this article is a plea for the
old method in the case of books which ought
to be preserved. Great emphasis is laid now-
adays upon the material with which books are
covered, while the fundamental part which
makes them hold together is too little con-
sidered.
This brings me to the second essential of
well-bound books. When they are sewed on
raised cords it is necessary to use leather for
the backs, as buckrams and book cloths can-
not be modeled over raised cords. My ex-
perience has gone to show that there are no
leathers better than the "acid-free." The tan-
ners of those leathers are producing them
without using acids and the results are very
satisfactory, the skins being of exceptional
softness and durability. Only a century of
time can prove the justice of the claim for
these leathers, but it is reasonable to suppose
that where so much pains are taken the results
will be the best possible. These leathers come
in Nigers, Levants, pigskins, etc.
I feel confident that by insisting upon these
two points, raised cords and "acid-free"
leathers, book owners and librarians will not
fill their shelves with disintegrating volumes,
but have books which will remain in good
conditions long after this generation has
passed away.
CLARA BUFFUM.
Providence, R. I.
MORE ABOUT REVISED EDITIONS
May 15, 1914.
Editor Library Journal:
A folder has arrived at the library since I
mailed you the communication regarding the
series known as Intercollegiate Debates. In
this the publishers announce the contents of
volumes 1-4. I find that the make-up of vol-
ume 2 (as first issued) has been changed, so
that there is no conflict with the contents of
volume 3. The seven debates which originally
appeared in both volumes 2 and 3 are to
be eliminated in the new edition of volume 2,
and one additional debate is included.
There is, however, no statement concerning
the earlier edition, of which it is quite evident
that the new volume 2 is but an abridgment,
plus a single new debate. In other words,
volume 3 was found to be a brief edition of
volume 2, so volume 2 is now remodeled to
clear away the difficulty. The series certainly
is confusing, and I believe .that the protest
which I expressed before still holds.
Very truly yours,
CLARENCE E. SHERMAN.
Amherst College Library.
BOOK WANTED
Editor Library Journal:
Will any librarian having on his shelves a
copy of the "Journal of a trip to California,
etc., in 1850-51," by E. S. Ingalls, Waukegan,
111., 1852, communicate with me? The book
is wanted for consultation, not purchase.
WILLIAM ABBATT.
410 East 32d St., N. Y.
Calendar
July 28-31. Wisconsin and Michigan Library
Associations. Joint meetings at Marinette,
Wis., and Menominee, Mich.
Aug. 3i-Sept. 4. Library Association (Eng-
lish). Annual meeting, Oxford.
Sept. — . Lake Superior Library Association,
Ashland.
Sept. 7-13. New York Library Association.
Cornell University, Ithaca.
WILLIAM I. FLETCHER
Librarian Emeritus of Amherst College
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
VOL. 39
AUGUST, 1914
No. 8
THE new printing bill for co-ordination,
efficiency, and economy in printing and
supplying public documents was explained
very fully at the documents round table at
the Washington conference by Mr. Carter,
secretary of the printing committee, under
whose auspices the bill was prepared, and
Mr. Carter's paper will be reprinted in
an early issue. It was generally conceded
that the bill was the most comprehensive
and best measure of the kind which has
been brought before Congress. Its pro-
visions are too elaborate even for a brief
summary here, but if passed it would
result in a system of printing and dis-
tribution which would save the govern-
ment vast sums of money and give better
service to the public through libraries and
otherwise. It is unlikely to be pressed
at the present session of Congress, but
it is to be hoped that at the next session
it may come up for action and at that time
may have the full and active support of
librarians.
One of the most important subjects at
the meeting of the Trustees Section in
Washington, which was the best meeting
the section has held, was the relation of
libraries to civil service examinations and
methods. Mr. Jennings, who has had hard
experience in Seattle, reported as the gen-
eral feeling of libraries that they were
hindered rather than helped by civil ser-
vice examinations conducted by state or
municipal boards. This almost goes with-
out saying, and yet this is no reason why
libraries should be freed from coordina-
tion with the official boards, which in turn
should take the sensible course of per-
mitting the library, under proper safe-
guards, to make its own examinations and
rules, subject to official approval. With-
out this precaution there will be an inevi-
table tendency to return to the old methods
of patronage and "push" — the horrors of
which are little known to the present gen-
eration. It is unfortunate that the laws
in several states and cities require pref-
erence for local candidates. Local can-
didates will be preferred, naturally
enough, when they are on equal terms
with candidates from outside; but nothing
should stand in the way of accepting the
best service from whatever source it is
procurable. This is especially necessary
in the higher posts if the library profes-
sion is to remain a profession. There
should, therefore, always be protests
against the inclusion of a provision for
local preference in any law, beyond a pro-
viso that in case of equal rank, the local
candidate shall be preferred — which latter
is most sensible and safe.
AT the initial session of the League of
Library Commissions at Washington, Presi-
dent Bingham, of Iowa, contrasted the real
work of these commissions with the notion
held by some legislators that they consisted
as a rule of an over-paid woman executive
and several male members who were paid
only junketing expenses. This last con-
ception could scarcely be more wrong than
it is. The state library commissions have
been one of the most serviceable agencies
in library progress, and they have enlisted
the service, absolutely gratuitous as a
rule, of some of the best and busiest men
of the community. Wisconsin has, of coui se,
been notable in this respect, but in Massa-
chusetts, Iowa, and other states the record
is equally clear and the results not less sat-
isfactory. The commissions are the chief
means of co-ordinating work within the
state, and they should also be the means
of co-ordinating the efforts of the several
federal authorities in library work. In the
current endeavor to abolish unnecessary
boards, in the interest of economy and effi-
ciency, it is to be hoped that the library
578
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[August, 1914
commissions which are doing their own
work in their own field in the best way
should be spared their separate executions.
Careful attention was given at Wash-
ington to the question of the postage on
books, but the scheme for a separate
"library post," as distinguished from the
parcel post, did not command general
support. The fact is that the parcel post
with some modifications, especially the re-
duction of the cost for the initial pound,
is of the greatest service to local libraries,
and there is danger that pressure for a
"flat rate" which would be equally ad-
vantageous throughout the country, would
militate against the present low rate
within the first zone with its radius of
150 miles, which is much to the advantage
of the local library in developing service
to the neighboring rural community. For
this reason, after consultation by the A.
L. A. authorities with the post office au-
thorities, the Council confined itself to spe-
cific recommendations rather than to any
sweeping plan. It is understood that no
changes will be made in any direction at
the present session of Congress or by the
department until the results of the present
fiscal year are determined and it is known
how large or how small the surplus will
be. There is every disposition on the part
of the postal authorities to treat the li-
brary interests not only fairly but liber-
ally and to lend a willing ear to any rec-
ommendations from the American Library
Association which are within the possibili-
ties. It would seem that local libraries
have not yet developed to the full the
advantage of parcel post rates, which on
rural free delivery routes permit the col-
lection as well as the sending out of book
parcels. The present methods should be
utilized to the utmost, and after this,
further postal progress will doubtless
be had.
The emphasis of the conference was on li-
brary extension, and especially in two direc-
tions, among the immigrant population and
throughout rural communities. What Mr.
Carr said on the one topic and Commis-
sioner Claxton on the other found a special
response in the meetings of the Children's
Librarians Section, always one of the most
popular features of the meetings. Mr.
Carr's address excellently complemented
what Mary Antin said at the Kaaterskill
meeting, and librarians know well that their
most promising clientele is among the ris-
ing generation, whose fathers and mothers
have come from across sea, even though
far from kin to those who still call them-
selves Anglo-Saxons. Commissioner Clax-
ton pledged the Bureau of Education in no
uncertain terms to the treatment of the
library as on a par with the school as a
means of education throughout the country,
and especially he advocated the develop-
ment of what is known to librarians as
the Hagerstown idea, of making a library
at a county seat pervasive in its influence
throughout the county. This is now made
much more possible by the parcel post
inclusion of books. California has adopted
this system through half the counties in the
state, but though Commissioner Claxton's
idea is not as novel as he thought it, his
vigorous emphasis gave it new importance.
He has always a telling way of putting sta-
tistics in a new light, and pointed out that
of the 109,000 waking hours of life up to
the age of twenty-one, only 9,000 could be
applied, and only 5,000 on the average for
the city and 4,000 for the rural child are
actually applied to schooling. He illus-
trated luminously how advantageous was
the field of the library in respect to child
development. He emphasized equally the
fact that older people, especially of the im-
migrant class, could be reached by the libra-
ries as they could not be reached by the
schools, and late as was the hour at which
the Tuesday evening meeting terminated,
his telling address evoked applause, which
showed how thoroughly and heartily his
auditors appreciated his pledges of support
and co-operation.
SOME RECOLLECTIONS OF THE BOSTON
ATHENAEUM, 1861-1866
BY WILLIAM I. FLETCHER, Librarian Emeritus of Amhcrst College
THE reconstruction, now going on, of the
Boston Athenaeum, recalls very vividly
some of my early experiences in its hal-
lowed precincts, and thus reinforces Mr.
Bowker's request that I write out, for the
LIBRARY JOURNAL, some of my recollec-
tions of early days in library work. In
attempting to do so I must file a caveat, for
I have not a retentive memory and have
never kept a diary, hence my reminiscences
will be rambling and will not be reliable
sources of library history.
The Athenaeum building was occupied,
in an unfinished condition, in 1849. Addi-
tional funds having been raised, the build-
ing was completed in 1851. It must have
been in that year that I was taken by my
father to see the famous "Sumner stair-
case" while the stairs were being put in.
The building, with this special feature, was
a wonder in the Boston-ef that day, and the
seven-year-old boy, holding his father's
hand, shared, to some extent, in the latter's
admiration. Forty years later I also shared
"the never-ending sorrow of the Propri-
etors" (to quote Mr. Bolton) when it was
found necessary to devote to an iron stack
the space — nearly one-fourth of the whole
building — occupied by this beautiful stair-
case. During my five years' service in the
Athenaeum it was my daily uplift in more
senses than one, and I could well under-
stand how Charles Sumner, for whom the
staircase was named (as a member of the
building committee he introduced this fea-
ture), could say of the Vatican stairs by
Bernini, on which these were modeled,
"They were stairs of such exquisite propor-
tions that you seemed to be borne aloft on
wings."
Twice during the 'fifties did I revisit the
building; once with my father again to see
the Nineveh tablets, which on their arrival
in Boston were set up in the vestibule of
the Athenaeum for a short time. Again
my juvenile interest was stimulated by the
keen satisfaction of my father in looking
upon these cuneiform records. A few years
earlier he had lectured on "Ancient meth-
ods of writing" before the Mechanics' In-
stitute of Burlington, Vt., where he was at
that time "Printer to the University of
Vermont," but had lacked the material later
provided by the discoveries of Layard and
Rawlinson.
My other early visit to the building was
less pleasing to me, and furnished evidence
that the "modern library spirit" had not yet
permeated the institution. Living in the
suburbs (at Winchester), it was, to my
older brother and myself, the favorite way
of spending a holiday to go into Boston,
often walking one way to save the fare,
and to stroll about town to see the sights.
Wandering in this way one day we passed
the Athenaeum, and my brother "dared" me
to go in. Not to be stumped, I opened the
door and stepped timidly into the vestibule.
Presently appeared a man who seemed to
belong to the place, of whom I asked if
boys would be allowed to come in to see
the building. His frigid reply, "Not a step
inside the door !" sent me packing and, I
am sure, helped make me a lifelong advo-
cate of a hospitable atmosphere in libraries,
especially for the small boy! It was not
many years before I found that this Cer-
berus of mine assumed in this case a "little
brief authority" which was not really his.
In 1860 this same brother of mine en-
tered the Athenaeum service as apprentice
through the intervention of our pastor, who
was a friend of Mr. Poole's, and in the fall
of 1861 I was received in his place when
he went into the army in the Twenty-fourth
Massachusetts regiment. My preparation
for library work had been desultory but
not wholly inadequate. My formal educa-
tion was interfered with by ill-health,
so that I had not quite finished a high
school course and despaired of continuing
study. But at this time I had picked up
physically by outdoor work, and gained
steadily after beginning in the library. I
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
{August, 1914
had got some knowledge of books and of
rather primitive library methods by serv-
ing as assistant and then as librarian for
two years of the Winchester town library,
which by that time had grown to about
2000 volumes. But a much wider range of
literature had been opened to me through
my habit, on those strolls about Boston
streets to which I have already referred, of
browsing in the second-hand bookstores on
Cornhill. Burnham's especially was my de-
light, with its four stories crammed with
books of "all sorts and conditions," except
that there was no great display of choice
and expensive works. "T. O. H. P." earned
my heartfelt gratitude by allowing the re-
peated and prolonged incursions of such
an insignificant non-purchaser.
As I was to be at once put in charge of
the delivery desk, it was important for me
to become familiar with the location of the
books, and Mr. Poole told me to devote two
days to that object, inspecting the shelves in
due order. The library then had about 75,000
volumes. It was notably strong in the fine
arts and in literature, including history,
biography and travels. At that time science,
as in other libraries, had only a small place,
and the same was true of the social and
political sciences. This was my first con-
tact with library classification, and I was
struck with admiration at the orderliness
and simplicity of it all. What had seemed
like a wilderness of books resolved itself
into a system readily grasped and held in
mind, and I felt very soon that I could find
almost any book by its class and subdivi-
sion. The classification was what would
now be regarded as crude, but it served its
purpose very well. The books were arranged
on the "fixed location" plan, each volume
being assigned to a certain shelf and bear-
ing the number of that shelf. The shelv-
ing was arranged on the principle set forth
in Dr. N. B. Shurtleff's "Decimal system
for libraries." There were, or were sup-
posed to be, ten tiers of shelves in each
alcove and ten shelves in each tier. The
alcoves, of which there were, fortunately,
just twenty-six, were designated by the
letters of the alphabet. The shelves were
all movable, being supported at each end
by slats engaging in ratchetted uprights,
the notches an inch apart. Dr. Shurtleff
advocated fixed shelves at graded distances
apart, so arranged that the horizontal lines
of shelving would be continuous from tier
to tier and from alcove to alcove around
the room in order that the library might
present a pleasing appearance. The shelves
in the Athenaeum were set for the most
part on that principle, but their movability
was often taken advantage of in the inter-
est of better classification. I suppose Dr.
Shurtleff's ideas were carried out in the
Public Library's building on Boylston street,
1858, as his influence was paramount there,
all details of management being put in his
hands by the board of trustees, of which
he was from the first a member. His book,
a handsome quarto volume published in
1858, is very interesting reading now, as
showing how far "librariology" has trav-
eled in a half-century. Certain it is that
classification was sufficiently interfered
with by the "fixed location" in the Athe-
naeum. If the Public Library had also
immovable shelves, the classifier's lot must
have been a hard one!
If my recollection is not at fault, the
books had no individual numbers. A book
was in its right place if it was on the shelf
to which it was assigned, one advantage
being that a neat appearance could be given
to the shelves by placing the books on each
one so that from left to right they ran
from larger to smaller. Books drawn were
charged by title in a large ledger.
There was a card (or slip) catalog of an
archaic type. Under the counter on its
back side was a long shelf of ostensible
volumes, about the size of those of the
Encyclopaedia Britannica, which were, how-
ever, only wooden boxes made in close
imitation of books, with rounded backs duly
lettered. You had only to pull out the
appropriate "volume," lay it flat on its back
on the counter, release a spring catch and
throw open the cover, and presto ! you had
a tray of slips in alphabetical order. I
regret that my recollection of the interior
of this catalog is but vague. My impres-
sion is that it dated back to the early years
of the library and covered the entire col-
lection, but with a great lack of uniformity
and precision of entry. After I had been
two or three years in the library, Mr. Poole
had these slips put into a case of drawers,
Augtist, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
and did a good deal to improve this cata-
log.
At the same time there was the manu-
script, in the form of slips pasted at the
ends into large volumes, after the British
Museum fashion, for the proposed printed
catalog. This manuscript was, in 1861, sup-
posed to be about ready for the press, but
was undergoing final revision. Mr. Charles
Russell Lowell, brother of James Russell,
was conducting the work, assisted by two
young women, one of them Miss Mary A.
Bean, afterwards the well-known librarian
of Brookline, Mass. When Mr. Poole be-
came librarian of the Athenaeum in 1856,
he at once set to work to get out a printed
catalog, and in the sketch of the library
which he contributed to Guild's "Libra-
rian's manual" in 1858 he said: "A cata-
logue of the library, similar in plan to that
of the Mercantile Library of Boston, . . .
is in preparation, and will be published
during the coming year." Mr. Poole had
himself made and published the Mercantile
Library catalog during his three years there,
and it became a model very widely fol-
lowed for many years. There is no more
interesting and instructive chapter in Amer-
ican library history than that of this Boston
Athenaeum catalog; of how it was held back
for improvement, passed out of Mr. Poole's
control, was subjected to higher and ever
higher standards of thoroughness and ex-
cellence, and finally appeared, under the
admirable editorship of Mr. Charles A.
Cutter, who had succeeded Mr. Poole, in
1872-82, in five large volumes, a genuine
marvel of fulness, accuracy, and biblio-
graphical scholarship. The story is pretty
fully told in the note appended to the last
volume of the catalog; but with all its finan-
cial implications, it never has been and
probably will not be. The expense, beyond
what it would have cost to make and keep
up a first-rate card catalog, was, from first
to last, enormous, nor can it reasonably be
justified on any pretense of a commensurate
advantage to the library or its users. It is
a monumental achievement in bibliography,
and has been, as it always will be, of great
use to other libraries and to individuals out-
side, but for the Athenaeum itself it was
decidedly a losing venture.
It is worthy of mention here that Mr.
Poole, becoming, in 1869, librarian of the
Cincinnati Public Library, brought out in
1871 a printed catalog of that library in a
large octavo volume of 644 pages, covering
30,000 volumes, as against the Athenaeum's
70,000 in 1858. And this was a good
enough, serviceable catalog until the growth
of the library called for a new edition in
1 88 1, and had not cost so much as to make
a new edition hopeless.
It is stated in the history of the Athe-
naeum catalog appended to the last volume
that in its early days it suffered from the
unintelligent work of certain inexperienced
young men who were allowed to try their
'prentice hands on it, and who naturally
rushed in where angels fear to tread, pro-
ducing results which vexed Mr. Lowell's
righteous soul when he had them to lick
into shape. It might very naturally be in-
ferred that I was one of those young men ;
especially so (as I flatter myself), when
Mr. Cutter remarks that one of them later
attained some eminence as a librarian. But
even with that flattering unction I must in
all truth plead not guilty. Neither I nor
my brother, who, as I have said, was my
immediate predecessor, was honored with a
chance at catalog-making. In our day Mr.
Lowell was already at work, and the name-
less young men had passed into history. I
write this word of self-vindication with the
greater eagerness from having perceived
that these same young men are again pil-
loried in Mr. Bolton's beautiful volume,
"The Athenaeum centenary."
As I look back it seems to me that the
Athenaeum (and I should say the same of
the Public Library, where Prof. Jewett had
been in charge for three years) was pretty
well administered in 1861, with the begin-
nings of the A. L. A. and of the LIBRARY
JOURNAL fifteen years ahead. The assist-
ant librarian was Mr. Wm. J. Adams, a
most estimable man who had been a school
principal in Boston until the failure of his
health in certain respects made the library
work better adapted to him. He wrote a
beautiful hand, and the accession book,
which he kept, was a marvel of neatness
and accuracy. He shared with Mr. Poole
the ordering and purchase of books. There
was an intelligent janitor, who handled the
books coming in and turned them over to
582
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[August, 1914
me at the delivery desk, it being my duty
to collate each volume, cut the leaves if
needed, and otherwise prepare them for
cataloging. We used an embossing stamp
for the title pages. I could do this work
in the intervals between customers, as most
of our patrons went to the shelves and got
their own books, taking little of my time.
I think Mr. Poole bore in mind the Scrip-
ture injunction, "Thou shalt not muzzle the
ox that treadeth out the corn," for, though
his desk overlooked mine, I felt quite at
liberty to take toll from the grist which
passed through my mill, and was able to
snatch a good deal of desultory reading.
More than once it happened that some
reader returning a book would ask if I had
read it, and when I said no, would speak
of some special passage as particularly
good, to which I would have to reply : "Oh,
yes; I saw that when I collated the book."
It will be seen that I was in an enviable
position in those days, when I mention that
nothing was more likely to interrupt my
toll-taking than a spirited talk between Julia
Ward Howe and Ralph Waldo Emerson,
or other equally interesting people, meeting
casually before the desk. But my purpose
is to make this paper rather strictly librario-
logical (consult Dana), hoping at another
time to indulge in some reminiscences of
the people who frequented the Athenaeum
at that time.
There were simple shelf-lists by which
the shelves were read annually, the library
being closed for that purpose and for clean-
ing three or four weeks in August. Most
of the details of these processes have es-
caped my memory, but I know that we
dusted the books by striking two together
smartly, one in each hand, not being wor-
ried by the fact that much of the dust found
its way back. I remember that I was one
day making awkward work of slapping to-
gether some large quartos when Mr. Poole
came along and undertook to give me a
demonstration. He brought two volumes
together with a good whack, but as they did
not meet quite fairly they caromed on each
other and slid far across the floor in either
direction. I was speedily left to my own
devices !
I was brought into touch with an earlier
era by the occasional visits of Mr. Poole's
predecessor, Mr. Charles Folsom, whose
venerable and benign appearance I distinctly
recall. His sensibilities were doubtless
shocked as he found two or more women
employed in the library, and an increasing
number resorting to it as readers ; for, as is
set forth in the Athenaeum centenary vol-
ume, he had been a strong opponent of the
feminization of libraries. When, during
his administration, it was proposed to admit
women to the staff and as readers, he ad-
dressed to the trustees a protest in which
he objected on the ground that the struc-
ture of the building, with its narrow gal-
leries and steep staircases, should "cause
a decent female to shrink," also averring
that no "modest young woman should have
anything to do with the corrupter portions
of the polite literature," and that the pro-
posed innovation "would occasion frequent
embarrassment to modest men."
But Mr. Folsom was, for his day, an able
and efficient librarian, being highly compli-
mented as such in Prof. Jewett's "Notices
of public libraries," 1850.
My service in the Athenaeum continued
from 1861 to 1866, barring three months in
the summer of 1864, when I became a mem-
ber of the Sixth regiment, Massachusetts
Volunteers, on its re-enlistment for one
hundred days. After that time spent in
guard duty about Washington to relieve
seasoned troops that they might take the
field, I returned to the library with great
zest, my place having been kept for me.
These five years were for me both an
apprenticeship and a liberal education. Dr.
Poole was everything that was kindly and
stimulating, and I had no other ambition
than to become, like him, energetic and re-
sourceful, able to mark out my own path
guided by the light of common sense. In
this sentence I have perhaps given a hint
of Mr. Poole's way of dealing with his sub-
ordinates, which was to set them at a task
with a fair amount of instruction, and then
leave them to show what was in them. He
won the loyal affection of us all by showing
a personal interest in us, and by trusting
us to do our best without close supervision.
A high sense of honor was a leading fea-
ture of his character, as is shown by his
literary criticism, with its scorn of all in-
sincerity and lack of candor. In this con-
August, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
583
nection I am drawn to introduce an anec-
dote quite outside all librariological inter-
est. Mr. Poole lived at Melrose, a few
miles out of Boston, and on the train going
out one evening he fell in with Wendell
Phillips, who was to lecture in Melrose
that night. He welcomed the opportunity
to set the lecturer right as to a story de-
rogatory to Lincoln, which he had been tell-
ing in this lecture. He gave Mr. Phillips
positive evidence, derived from Mr. Gooch,
the local member of Congress, that there
was no truth in the story ; he was therefore
quite taken aback when he heard it re-
peated in the evening with no hint of its
discrediting. When Mr. Poole told of this
the next morning it was characteristic of
him that the thing uppermost in his mind
was wonder that a man could do such
a thing. It was largely by such glimpses
as this of his moral instincts that he in-
fluenced us toward integrity and high-
mindedness.
Of course such a man was an ardent
patriot. At the outbreak of the war he
joined a rifle club, and attained high rank
as a sharpshooter, holding himself ready
to enter the army if the call came which
such as he, with a young and growing
family, should heed. His heart was with
the army all the time, and he was a loyal
supporter of Lincoln, when many were
more than doubters.
In Mr. Lowell I had a guide to the mys-
teries of cataloging, and one who took a
kindly personal interest in helping me to a
knowledge of the bibliographical apparatus,
and an understanding of the catalog rules
and precedents which were then being accu-
mulated as the work on the new catalog
proceeded. These rules and precedents
formed the basis of Cutter's Rules for a
dictionary catalog, but in my day had not
had the benefit of Mr. Cutter's marvelous
gifts in codification and elucidation.
The educational value of these years was
partly in the intimate contact with a large
library of the best books, but perhaps more
in being associated with the people who
constituted the clientele of the Athenaeum,
including so many who made the mid-nine-
teenth century illustrious in American lit-
erature. It was indeed a rare cultural
opportunity.
A LIBRARIAN AT THE LEIPZIG EXHIBITION*
BY THEODORE W. KOCH, Librarian, University of Michigan.
LEIPZIG originally owed its prominence to
the fairs which made it commercially one of
the most important places in Europe. As
the oldest and most prominent book-trade
city, it was selected as the site for the first
International Exposition of the Book Indus-
try and Graphic Arts. The unity and
esprit with which all those interested in the
book trade worked together proved the wis-
dom of having selected Leipzig as the place
for holding such an exposition. The un-
expectedly large participation on the part of
foreign governments substantiated this
opinion in favor of Leipzig. Without the
co-operation of men of science, the help of
the German and foreign governments, and
the city of Leipzig, the Exposition could not
have been brought about.
To mak? it both pleasing to the eye, as
well as instructive and inspiring, were the
first requisites. Alongside the group of in-
dustrial exhibits are historical and technical
groups in which the development of special
branches and the technical development of
each process can be studied by means of
models and machines in operation.
The Exposition is naturally cultural in
nature. The promoters aim to have it give
a clear picture of the international culture
based on the art of writing and printing, a
view of the book trade as a carrier and pur-
veyor of the cultural ideas of mankind. The
Exposition tries to show that writing and
printing not only preserve, carry into the
world, and distribute these ideas, but that
they are closely connected with science, art
and literature, with the culture and civiliza-
tion of the whole human race.
What does the average man know about
how a book is made and put on the market ?
What does the layman know of the eco-
nomic importance of the book trade and its
geographical and commercial connections?
What does the man on the street know
Mr. Koch's official report on the opening of the A. L. A. exhibit at Leipzig will be found on p. 591-596.
584
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[August, 1914
about printing or prints? How many can
tell a lithograph from a zinc cut, or dis-
tinguish a copper-plate from a wood en-
graving? To give information on subjects
of this kind, to portray some of the perti-
nent facts graphically, and to inform the
public as to the history and present status
of the book industry are the objects of the
International Exposition of the Book In-
dustry and Graphic Arts. There is much
for the general visitor as well as for the
specialist, be his line paper, printing, book-
binding, publishing, the selling of books,
some phase of the graphic arts, or libra-
rianship. The Exposition is officially divided
into the following groups:
1. Free graphic art.
2. Applied graphic art and the book arts.
3. Instruction (organization of educa-
tional institutes and schools for the book
industry, photography and the graphic
arts).
4. Paper manufacture.
5. Stationery and writing materials.
6. Manufacture of colors.
7. Photography.
8. The technique of reproduction.
9. Letter-cutting, type-casting and allied
industries, stereotyping and electrotyping.
10. Printing processes.
11. Bookbinding.
12. Publishing, retail and commission
book trade.
13. Newspaper and intelligence depart-
ment, methods of advertising and canvass-
ing.
14. Libraries, bibliography, bibliophilism
and book collecting.
15. Machinery, apparatus, materials and
implements for the entire printing industry.
1 6. Measures for the protection and
benefit of artisans in these industries.
The above-mentioned groups are further
subdivided into some 63 classes. Each
group is arranged along historical and edu-
cational lines, so that the layman or casual
visitor is given both instruction and inspi-
ration. The development and present status
of each branch of the book industry are
here so presented and the technical process
is brought out in such a manner that they
can be generally understood. An ethno-
graphical section is devoted to the produc-
tions of primitive peoples. Workshops in
action, models and apparatus for demon-
stration as well as cinematographic ma-
chines awaken the interest of specialists as
well as of the public in general. The whole
Exposition was planned not as a dead col-
lection of objects but as a living organism,
and information is conveyed through innu-
merable channels. The utile is mixed with
the dulce on every hand. Even the un-
avoidable side-shows are brought under the
influence of the "black art." The program
of the moving - picture theatre on the
grounds has interspersed with the ordinary
scenes such instructive numbers as "How
a newspaper is published," "The publication
of a book in England," "The progress of a
book from publisher to purchaser," "The
binding of a book," "The making of a
half-tone," and "Color work." The amount
of time and thought that must have en-
tered into the preparation of the Exposi-
tion as a whole can be conjectured by
studying such special exhibits carefully and
multiplying the work indefinitely.
The Exposition is popularly referred to
as the "Bugra," a word made up of the
first letters of "Buch" and "Graphik," the
two subjects of prime interest in the Expo-
sition. The best way to see the Exposition
is to get a general idea of the layout of the
grounds, to take a general tour of inspec-
tion at the outset. The ground which it
occupies is a plot of 400,000 square
metres (nearly 100 acres) a part of the site
of the Battle of Leipzig (Oct. 16-19, 1813),
in memory of which there was recently
dedicated the huge Battle Memorial which
one sees from the Exposition grounds. The
Street of October i8th, leading to the
Memorial, traverses these grounds, and at
right angles run the Street of Indus-
tries and the Street of Nations. The
interest taken in the Exposition by foreign
nations is shown in the appropriations made
by various governments for their national
representation. France voted a half mil-
lion francs for the erection of its own
building, Italy 200,000 lire, Austria 200,000
kroner, Russia the equivalent of about
$65,000, and Switzerland $10,000.
Much thought has been spent upon the
laying out of the grounds. The Street of
October i8th is a splendid piece of land-
scape work, with avenues of spruce and
INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION OF THE BOOK INDUSTRY AND THE GRAPHIC ARTS, LEIPZIG — RUSSIAN AND
ITALIAN PAVILIONS, AND VIEW FROM THE MAIN ENTRANCE
August, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
585
bay trees, sunken gardens and fountains,
and pansy beds containing myriads of
blooms faultlessly matched. Hedges seem
to be made overnight, and one is amazed
at the size of the trees that are planted in
the ground and thrive afterwards.
As one enters the grounds by the most
used gate, he finds himself in the Street of
Nations. The international character of
the Exposition becomes at once apparent.
The first building on the right is that of
Russia, with its unmistakable Muscovite
architecture. Opposite is the solid looking
Austrian pavilion, with its row of yellow
and black flag-poles and the striking but not
altogether pleasant scheme of interior dec-
oration, which most of us would think too
garish as a background for rare books or
specimens of modern graphic art.
The British pavilion is one to which the
American will turn as to an outpost of his
own civilization. It is designed in the
style of the Tudor period, the golden age
of English literature, and many structural
details have been accurately reproduced
from existing Tudor buildings. While
made largely of staff, there is a suggestion
of solidity about the building that is quite
British, and its interior is arranged in a
manner that recalls the old college libraries
of Oxford and Cambridge.
The British exhibit installed by the
Board of Trade is a most creditable one.
It is under the charge of a special Com-
missioner, who is appointed by the Exhibi-
tion Branch of the Board of Trade. This
branch, which has been in existence for six
years, had charge of British exhibitions at
Brussels, Rome, Turin and Ghent. The
British exhibit consists largely of printed
books grouped by publishers, examples of
printing, binding and illustrations, and a
number of loan collections illustrating vari-
ous branches of English literature and book
production. The majority of the big pub-
lishing houses of Great Britain have con-
tributed collections of their publications.
The American visitor is pleased to note the
exhibition of G. P. Putnam's Sons.
The loan exhibits are chiefly of an his-
torical character, the most important of
which is a collection of Shakespeariana.
This collection illustrates the history of
the printed editions of Shakespeare's works
from their first appearance during the life-
time of the poet down to the present day,
the period covered being about three hun-
dred and twenty-five years. There are
reproductions of the early quartos, the first
four folios, and, of course, the chief critical
editions from that of Nicholas Rowe pub-
lished in 1709, to those of our own time.
While there has been no attempt to show
the variety of languages into which the
works have been translated, there are in-
cluded a number of plays translated into
various Asiatic tongues, like Bengali, Hindi,
Marathi, Gujarati, Tamil and Urdu, all of
which are loaned by the Indian office. As
curiosities, there are included Braille edi-
tions of King Henry V and of the Sonnets.*
The photographs of documents and of
scenes connected with the life of the Bard
of Avon round out the collection and fur-
nish an admirable setting for the books.
The provisional edition of the catalog,
which sells for a shilling, gives promise of
a final edition worthy of a place on many
library shelves. Among the preliminary
pages are brief papers on the "History of
British publishing," by John Murray;
"Printing," by Emery Walker; "History of
paper-making for printing and stationery,"
by R. W. Sindall; and "Wood engraving
and process engraving," by Robert Steele.
There are interesting notes on the exhibits
of books of travel and discovery, maps,
illustrated and juvenile books, specimens of
types, book bindings and graphic arts.
The French pavilion is a structure typi-
fying the best Gallic traditions, and the
exhibit it houses includes many interesting
things sent on by the best publishers and
by well known printing establishments.
The Italian pavilion needs no label to de-
clare its nationality. It is a reproduction
of a Florentine palace, and its exterior is
covered with frescoes and stenciled designs
which attract the eye of the most casual
saunterer. The ante-room is fitted up
with furniture and book-cases accurately
reproduced from an old Italian monas-
*The collection of miscellaneous books printed in
Braille, now produced commercially by machinery, will
attract the visitor's sympathetic interest. In the Aus-
trian building can be seen specimens of the old Ger-
man method of printing for the blind. There is a
brief chapter on the general subject in the catalog of
the section devoted to the "Child and the school,"
p. 202-204.
586
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[August, 1914
tery. Japan's contribution to the Street of
Nations is a miniature wood-engraving es-
tablishment, where one can see artists from
the Land of the Rising Sun carving and ink-
ing the wood blocks and pulling the prints.
In addition to the above independent pa-
vilions, there is the Hall of Foreign Nations,
where are installed the exhibits from Den-
mark, Norway, Sweden, the Netherlands,
Switzerland and Spain. It is to be regret-
ted that even in this joint exhibition hall
there is nothing from the United States.
One is tempted to ask whether this non-
participation is due to "the self-sufficiency
of Americans" or to a lack of national
interest in the subjects of the Exposition.
The International Exhibit of Graphic
Art, which takes up the major part of the
"Halle der Kultur," is arranged by coun-
tries, and here one finds interesting sup-
plements to the exhibits in the national
pavilions. The inscription at the entrance
to this section is striking : "Three thousand
years of graphic art in the service of sci-
ence." Even a hasty survey must impress
the visitor with the wealth of the collec-
tion. There is something here for every
lover of prints, no matter what be his favor-
ite school, artist or medium. The libra-
rian's eye will, of course, detect and linger
over Felix Schwormstadt's picture of the
dedication of the Konigliche Bibliothek,
Berlin.
The Hall of the Book Industry is the
largest building on the grounds. It con-
sists of two parallel wings, with a con-
necting corridor. In the eastern wing are
the publishers' and booksellers' exhibits,
grouped around three open spaces devoted
to Berlin, Leipzig and Stuttgart, the three
chief publishing centers of Germany. Then
comes the section devoted to libraries — first
the German libraries and then the A. L. A.
section. The space beyond is taken up with
illustrated journals, so that on the other
side of the A. L. A. party wall we have as
neighbors Fliegende Blatter and Lustige
Blatter, the latter with a moving cartoon
show. If visitors approach the A. L. A.
exhibit from this side of the hall they are
sure to be in a good humor, though they
may find us over-serious by contrast.
The parallel wing contains exhibits re-
lating to printing, book binding, photog-
raphy and color work. In the connecting
pavilions are a series of lithographs, ar-
ranged historically, and exhibits from the
private libraries of Frau Schoelle and of
Emperor William. Here, too, are the musi-
cal exhibits, with halls in which free con-
certs are given on the newest instruments
of the automatic type.
The exhibit of the Borsenverein should
be of interest to many outside the ranks of
booksellers. There are collections of books
on the booksellers' trade, specimens of early
German book catalogs, and portraits of
early printers of different nationalities,
among whom Franklin is represented by an
engraving after Houdin's bust. The devel-
opment of printing is portrayed graphi-
cally by a selection of illuminated manu-
scripts, incunabula and a great many speci-
men leaves illustrating the development of
the title-page and the art of illustration.
Early Italian and German wood-cuts are
shown in great profusion. There are some
splendid old bindings and end papers. By
way of curiosities, there are a few recent
books showing passages blocked out by
Russian censorship.
In the "Haus der Frau" there is a special
exhibit of woman's work — as writer, libra-
rian, bookbinder, bookseller, typist, jour-
nalist, teacher, artist, photographer, and in
other callings which stand in close relation
to the underlying idea of the Exposition.
In this building there is a small exhibit
installed by a committee of which the
chairman is Miss Martha Schwenke, the
daughter of Dr. Paul Schwenke, of the
Konigliche Bibliothek, Berlin. While
women have only recently entered the
ranks of librarianship in Germany, statis-
tics show that they are now quite numer-
ous, more than 500 being employed in 100
German libraries. Women with academic
training are only in a few cases going into
library work. For the lower grades of the
service, examinations are provided in Prus-
sia, Alsace-Lorraine and Baden. The com-
pletion of the gymnasium course is a first
requisite for this career, and this is fol-
lowed by three years of special training
which embraces practical as well as theo-
retical work. The passing of a state
examination has not hitherto been required
of all assistants, the attendance at the li-
August, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
5*7
brary school or practical training having
frequently sufficed. It is expected that in
the near future non-state libraries will only
engage assistants who have received a
special library diploma. There is an asso-
ciation of women library assistants with
headquarters in Berlin, W., Genthiner-
strasse 13.
As the work of library assistants cannot
very well be shown graphically to the
public, the committee had to content itself
with showing a picture oi the library school
in session, specimens of library handwrit-
ing, catalogs of private libraries and of the
musical library of a church, done by stu-
dents, a bibliography of books relating to
feminist literature of 1911, and a map
showing the German libraries in which
women are engaged in both public and
scientific library work.
In the Austrian building a special room
devoted to library science contains some
seventy views of libraries, specimens of
forms and catalogs and a remarkable col-
lection of bookplates. The Imperial Li-
brary of Vienna has sent a choice lot of
books illustrating the history of printing in
Austria (on which see the article by Dr. I.
Himmelbaur in the Austrian catalog, p.
121-137).
A few minutes should be given to a visit
to the "Wandervogel," the artistic home of
a society of nature lovers, who have re-
produced an old German country house and
fitted it up with interesting furniture, hand-
woven fabrics and specimens of peasant
ware of various kinds. There are, of
course, books and other printed ware on
exhibition and sale here as everywhere. The
membership of this society includes a large
number of young people of both sexes who,
moved by the "Wanderlust," take long
tramps, sometimes of several days' duration,
and live the simple life. The colors of the
house are what might be called in English
slang "smashing," but may be thought clash-
ing when seen in close proximity to the
grays and drabs of cement and stucco. One
would like to see the house re-set after the
Exposition has closed — on the edge of a
forest or in surroundings sympathetic with
the aims of the people who built it.
The old paper mill brought from Hayns-
burg and set up in the grounds is a novel
feature of the exhibit of the paper industry.
Besides operating the mill, the administra-
tion has reproduced old workshops where
typecasting, printing and bookbinding are
done along primitive lines by workmen
dressed in the style of the fifteenth century.
The librarian with seeing eyes will find
throughout the Exposition many a sugges-
tion for the better display of the books in
his own library, possibly for the more artistic
arrangement of some of his reading rooms.
There are new ideas here in the line of
exhibit cases for both books and pictures.
The Germans have mastered the exhibition
business and are always on the lookout for
something new and practical. The various
uses made of lantern slides, arranged in a
wall screen or in a sloping frame and illumi-
nated by an electric lamp, are surprising and
effective. A small bit of stained glass, a
mere panel here or there, a copy of an old
design in rich colors, set into a larger win-
dow, give a certain richness without seri-
ously affecting the lighting of the room.
While the exhibition halls close at 7 p.m.,
the grounds remain open throughout the
evening, when special entertainment is pro-
vided for Leipzigers and other visitors, who
turn out in crowds to hear the concerts and
to enjoy the Quartier Latin, the separate
"Student Ausstellung" and other attractions
located outside the regular grounds. Every
one is in gala mood, and under the influence
of music and electric lights the entire place
develops a new beauty. In a parklike set-
ting of trees, winding paths and gardens
filled with shrubs and gay flowers are res-
taurants, cafes and conditorei with varied
forms of amusement. Several evenings a
week a display of fireworks elicits the admi-
ration and applause of the crowd.
During the day the Ausstellung is an ex-
position of the German spirit of work, giving
an idea of the tremendous capabilities of
these people when in serious mood. The
night scene is an exposition of the German
spirit of play, forming a nice balance to the
scheme as a whole. Indeed, the Exposition
of the Book Industry and Graphic Arts
would be incomplete without it.
A great book that comes from a great
thinker is a ship of thought, deep freighted
with truth and with beauty too. — THEODORE
PARKER.
CONFLICTS OF JURISDICTION IN
LIBRARY SYSTEMS*
BY ARTHUR E. BOSTWICK, Librarian of the St. Louis Public Library
AT bottom, a departmental system in a
large institution is simply an outcome of
the fact that its head requires aid in ad-
ministration. At first, perhaps, he can
actually do everything with his own hands ;
next, he requires helpers, but he can over-
see them all; finally, he must have over-
seers, who are the only ones with whom he
deals directly and for whom he naturally
classifies the work and divides it among
them accordingly. This is not merely a
symbolical or fanciful account of such a
development. There are plenty of heads of
institutions, educational, commercial and
industrial, who have personally seen every
stage of it — who are now administering a
complicated system of departments where
they once did everything themselves. In
particular, there are now librarians, at the
head of great libraries, who began library
work by performing, or at least overseeing
directly, the elementary acts of which li-
brary operation may be taken to consist,
and who have watched such a simple sys-
tem of superintendence develop year by
year into something complex.
Such a development, as I have said, is
naturally based on some kind of classifica-
tion. If one could sit down and, foreseeing
the growth of his institution for years to
come, settle upon the way in which that
growth should be cared for, his classifica-
tion might possibly be more logical and
workable than most classifications now are.
The best of them are wofully imperfect, as
no one knows better than we librarians.
And when division into classes proceeds
pari passu with growth, we are necessarily
bothered with that troublesome thing —
cross-classification. As our institution
grows, one direction of growth and a cor-
responding set of conditions and needs
comes into the foreground after an-
other, and our basis of classification is apt
to change accordingly.
* Read before the round table of branch librarians
at the Washington conference. May 28, 1914.
In the library, for instance, territorial
expansion has frequently claimed the right
of way. It has been evident that wide re-
gions within the municipality were not
reached by the library's activities; hence
the establishment of branches — practically
classification on a regional or territorial
basis. Next, perhaps, some other need is
pushed forward — say, the necessity for spe-
cial care given to the children of the com-
munity. Here is a non-territorial basis for
classification, founded only upon the age
of the library's users. These are not classes
and sub-classes, but are entirely different
primary systems of classification, whose
dividing lines cross and do not run parallel.
A man who should sit down and try to
evolve, at first hand, some sort of classifi-
cation of library work, might adopt one or
the other, but not both. In one case he
might divide his city into districts, with
district superintendents and local librarians
under each; in the other, he might divide
his users by ages and tastes and have a
superintendent for each. In neither case
would there be cross-classification, with its
overlapping classes and consequent inter-
ferences of jurisdiction.
But this is not the way that things work
out. The librarian finds it necessary to have
his geographical subdivisions and also those
based on age, and he adopts others also as
they appear desirable, without much regard
for the logic of classification. If he does
take it into account, he feels that the
troubles resulting from conflicts of juris-
diction will be more easily dealt with than
those consequent upon a refusal to respond
to the present demands of the work. Also
— and this is an important factor — conflicts
of jurisdiction, no matter how inevitable,
are in the future, and the present demands
of the work look vastly larger and press
with insistence. Is there any wonder
that he does what lies immediately
before him and lets the future take care
of itself?
August, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
589
Unfortunately, the future always does
take care of itself very well indeed, and
presents itself to demand a reckoning at the
appointed time. The library, for instance,
that has its branches for different regions
and its children's room in each gets along
well enough so long as its cross-classifica-
tion of work exists only on paper. But the
time comes when departmental organiza-
tion must begin, and this must be based on
the classification. There may be a super-
intendent of branches and a superintendent
of children's work, or the branch librarians
may report to the librarian directly, or
there may be other dispositions with other
duties and names. In any case, a chil-
dren's room at a branch library necessarily
finds itself in two departments, under two
jurisdictions and under two heads. If the
branch librarian and the children's superin-
tendent are both yielding in disposition, the
librarian may never have the conflict of
jurisdiction brought to his attention. If
either is yielding while the other is master-
ful, there will also be no trouble. In one
case the branch librarian will run the adult
end of her branch and leave the other to
the children's department; in the other
there will be one branch, at least, where the
children's supervisor has little to say — a
condition of things that may be tolerated,
but is surely undesirable. But suppose that
both heads are conscientious, assertive and
anxious to push the work, fond of organiz-
ing administrative details and impatient of
interference. Here we have the possibilities
of trouble at once.
The first rumblings of the storm come
usually in the form of complaints of inter-
ference, on the one side or the other.
Then we have a demand from both sides
for a definition of their respective rights
and responsibilities. The librarian is
asked, for instance, in just what respects
the children's librarian shall take her or-
ders from the branch librarian and in
what from the supervisor. This is a good
deal like petitioning the legislature to pass
a law specifying exactly when a child
shall obey his father and when the mayor
of the city. The librarian who enters on
this plausible path will sooner or later be
lost in the jungle. He has only himself
to thank. Either he or his predecessor
started the game and he must play it out
to the end. We librarians are all respon-
sible for each other's faults. Let us see
how he may play it.
In the first place, his is the power.
What is done in any department is done
by his orders or by the orders of some
one endowed by him with authority to
give orders. He has given two persons
authority over the same field at one point,
and it is his business to straighten things
out. Here are some possible wa.vs:
1. The authority of one head may be
absolutely extinguished in the field where
conflict exists. Here we have legalized
the state of things described above as ex-
isting with a combination of one spineless
department-head and one very spiny one.
It works, but at the expense of every-
thing that tends to the efficiency of the
extinguished authority, and I do not rec-
ommend it.
2. An attempt may be made, as noted
above, to draw a line between the two
spheres of authority and keep each in its
place. This appeals to those who are
fond of detail, for it can be done only
by considering and ticketing details. A
.line, defined by some one clear principle,
cannot be drawn in a field of this kind
between two things both of which logically
cover that field. It is logical that the chil-
dren's librarian in a branch should be
wholly under the authority of the branch
librarian, since she is a branch employe
like the others. It is just as logical that
she should be wholly under the authority
of the supervisor, of whose department
she is a part. If we are to define the
things in which she is to obey the one and
the other, they must be enumerated one
by one. And then other things will turn
up that have not been thus enumerated,
and we are in trouble again. This plan,
as I have said, appeals to those who revel
in regulations and specifications, but I can
recommend it no more than the other.
3. One department may formally and
distinctly be set above the other. Or,
what is the same thing, the librarian may
resolve, when a conflict arises, always to
decide the matter in favor of one par-
ticular department. This means, in the
590
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[August, 1914
special case that we have been using as
an illustration, either that the children's
department shall be allowed to do nothing
in a branch library without the consent
of the branch librarian, or of the super-
visor of branches, if there is one; or that
all questions involving the administration
of a branch children's room must depend
ultimately on the chief of the children's
department.
This may seem to be the same as the
plan by which the authority of one depart-
ment is absolutely done away with in the
disputed sphere. It is of the same type,
but not so drastic. In the other plan one
has not authority to do anything; in this,
one must ask permission — not the same
thing by any means. This plan is practi-
cally in effect at some libraries; it would
probably be regarded as equitable by most
department heads — provided their own
department were put ahead of the other.
The trouble is that it involves an arbitrary
subordination — one that does not exist in
the nature of the classification. And this
subordination is local and partial; it can-
not hold good for the whole department.
No one would think of placing the branch
department, as a whole, under the chil-
dren's department, or vice versa. And
the objections, although not so strong as
those to the extinguishment plan, are of
the same kind. The efficiency of one de-
partment or the other is bound to suffer,
and for this reason I do not consider this
the best plan.
4. All department heads in conflicting
spheres, may be regarded simply as ad-
visers of the librarian and not as possess-
ing authority in themselves to give orders.
A conflict is thus reduced to contradictory
advice from two sources. The librarian
then pursues whatever course seems good
to him. This plan has attractive features,
especially to administrators of the type
that like to keep a finger in every pie.
There is doubtless danger in aloofness.
The librarian must know what is going
on, but I see no advantage in requiring
him to decide questions of trivial detail at
frequent intervals, as he must do under
this plan; for conflicts generally begin in
questions of detail and it is at the begin-
ning or even earlier, in anticipation, that
they must be caught and adjusted. This
plan works, but it reduces the department
head to a consulting expert and burdens
the librarian witfr detail. It does not ap-
peal to me at all.
5. The two conflicting departments may
cooperate, intelligently and courteously
without sacrifice of authority or self-re-
spect, under the advice and orders of the
librarian.
This is the plan that I recommend. It
is the most difficult of all, and no regula-
tions or specifications can be formulated
for carrying it out. For this reason it
will never be widely in favor. A wicked
and rebellious generation demands a sign
and in this plan there is neither sign nor
formula except that general principle of
helpfulness and willingness to place the
common whole above the selfish part that
is at the antipodes of both wickedness and
rebellion. It is a personal matter and it
adds one important qualification to those
already necessary in department heads —
the ability to do team work. This quali-
fication, however, is so important, quite
apart from its necessity in connection with
this plan, that we may consider it an ad-
vantage, rather than otherwise, that the
plan puts it forward and insists upon it.
On the whole I think that a library with
mediocre department heads having this
qualification is better manned, and will do
more satisfactory work than one with a
staff of supremely able experts, cranky,
self-centered and all pulling different
ways. The efforts of members of a body
like a library staff are not to be measured
arithmetically — they are what mathemati-
cians call "vectors" — directed quantities,
like force, velocity or acceleration. To
know where a man will bring up one must
have not only his speed, but its direction.
The sum of two equal forces may be any-
thing from zero up to their double, depend-
ing on their relative directions, and if the
sum is zero, no matter how large the com-
ponents may be, the result is precisely the
same as if those components are small,
or as if neither existed. It is this sort of
thing that an eminent employer of labor
had in mind when he advised, "If two of
August, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
591
your subordinates don't get along together,
discharge both of them, no matter how
good they are." In this man's estimation
the relative value of team work evidently
stands pretty high. I should not follow
his advice, however, without giving every-
one a fair chance. I have known the opin-
ions of one department head about another
and their ability to work together to im-
prove greatly on acquaintance.
The part necessarily played by the li-
brarian in this scheme may be regarded
by some as an objection. I have already
referred to administrators who, like the
late Czar of Russia, prefer to regulate all
the details of the kingdom by personal su-
pervision. There is also the precisely op-
posite type, who like to make a good ma-
chine, set it going, and then let it alone.
The trouble is that machines will not run
of themselves. They need oversight, oil-
ing, cleaning and repairing. The best re-
quire a minimum of all this, but all must
have some of it. And such machinery as
there is in this plan requires a maximum
of oversight. It is, however, not the con-
trol of details but rather the watching of
general methods and results. Is every-
thing running smoothly, without "lost mo-
tion" or "backlash," and turning out a sat-
isfactory finished product? If not, can
the trouble be located? Yes; these two
cogs do not work smoothly together. Let
us find out which is at fault and adjust
or replace it; but if our investigation is
fruitless, possibly the best plan is to dis-
card both.
I trust I have misled no one by treating
here specifically of two departments. I
might have substituted the names of a
dozen others. All through library admin-
istration, and especially in the administra-
tion of a system of branch libraries, these
possibilities of conflict occur. In branches
they are generally between the branch ad-
ministration and the central departments —
finance, supplies, cataloging, book-orders,
reference and circulation.
The handling of this whole matter de-
pends, of course, on the librarian. He it
must be who is to decide on general pol-
icies or go to his Board for a decision in
cases so important that he feels their ac-
tion necessary. If the work of depart-
ments overlaps in some field where the
library's policy has not yet been decided
upon and defined, he has no one to blame
but himself if the adjustment is difficult.
And if policies are defined in advance and
pains taken to inform department heads
thoroughly of their existence and import,
the likelihood of serious disagreement will
be considerably lessened.
It must not be forgotten, also, that the
success of any plan may be increased or
diminished by skill, or lack of skill, in
handling it.
I am confident that any of the plans
about which I have spoken unfavorably
above would work better under a good
librarian than the best would work under
a bad one. But I forget myself ; we li-
brarians are like Kentucky whiskey — some
are better than others, but there are no
bad ones!
OPENING OF THE A. L. A. EXHIBIT
AT LEIPZIG
Dr. F. P. Hill, Chairman,
A. L. A. Leipzig Exhibit Committee.
Sir:
I have the honor to report that, pursuant
to instructions and according to arrange-
ments made by your Committee, I sailed for
Germany on the Hamburg-American liner
Cincinnati, April 18, with thirty-eight cases
in the hold destined for the International
Exposition of Book Industry and Graphic
Arts. On arrival at Hamburg, April 29,
these boxes were shipped by fast freight to
Leipzig and reached the Exposition grounds
May 3 and 4.
The exhibit was planned to form a section
of the division of libraries in the large hall
devoted to the book industries. The space
allotted to the A. L. A. is of generous size,
running from east to west and measuring
approximately 97 x 23 feet. To the south
of the A. L. A. space is a booth occupied by
the Prussian state libraries, under the
charge of the Royal Library of Berlin. An-
other adjoining booth, installed by the
Library of the University of Leipzig, con-
tains a charging desk and shows the system
in use at the University Library. Nearby
are a model of the Leipzig University
592
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[August, 1914
Library building and numerous pictures of
various public and university libraries
throughout Germany. Show cases contain
some interesting books from these libraries,
and there are special exhibits of the "Leip-
zig Workingmen's Library" and of the "in-
dicator" in use at the public "Bikherhalle"
of Hamburg.
The A. L. A. space is divided north and
south by three aisles, — a center one, three
metres wide, and two side ones, each two
metres in width. This divides the center
exhibition space into two side booths, 7 x
4l/2 metres, and two center ones, 7x6
metres. The height of the walls dividing
our space from that of our neighbors is
about 2 2-3 metres, but several of these
party walls are higher owing to the require-
ments of exhibitors. These walls are on an
average about one metre higher than antici-
pated by the A. L. A. Committee, and, con-
sequently, that much higher than the screens
sent over from the United States. The
latter, however, are very satisfactory for
subdividing the space into smaller sections,
though only a few of these screens have
been put up as yet since the entire ship-
ment of mounts has not been received up to
date.
At the request of Dr. Boysen, chairman
of the committee on the library section, we
agreed to omit one of the party walls, 6
metres wide, so as not to obstruct the view
of the three-story Lipman stack put up at
considerable expense by the manufacturers,
Wolf, Netter & Jacobi of Berlin and Strass-
burg. The Lipman stack is of bracket con-
struction and is the one used in the new
building of the Royal Library at Berlin.
Visitors stop to look at the stack, which
looms up rather high in the hall, and they
incidentally see the A. L. A. exhibit. The
shelves of this specimen stack are well filled
with books from the University of Leipzig
Library, and so indicate rather neatly to him
who runs, the fact that he is running
through the library section. In return for
our waiving the right to a dividing wall, our
neighbors allowed us the use of two stacks,
one metre in length, one double faced
(which shelves the majority of the chil-
dren's books), and the other a wall case
(which accommodates the miscellaneous
publications sent over by various libraries).
As the freight shipment reached the exhi-
bition hall only 48 hours before the official
opening of the Exposition, scheduled for
Wednesday noon, May 6, no time was to be
lost in making something of a showing. As
soon as a few boxes were opened a tempo-
rary arrangement of material was made so
as to show to the best advantage from the
center aisle down which was to pass the
procession of inspectors headed by his Maj-
esty King Frederick Augustus of Saxony,
under whose patronage the International
Exposition was to be held.
The trials and tribulations of those first
two days need not be recounted here. Con-
fusion reigned throughout the grounds.
Hundreds of teams were coming and going,
shipments were being left at the wrong
halls, boxes were being searched for wildly,
and a babel of strange and excited voices
was heard on all sides. We were fortunate
in being able to keep our collective shipment
together. There being no artificial light in
the hall, we were forced to rent a big
acetylene lamp the night before the opening
so as to finish our installation in time. Ex-
hibits that were not ready were to be cur-
tained off, as the King had said at the
Architectural Exhibition of last year that
he did not care to come up to Leipzig sim-
ply to see a lot of packing boxes, — and we
had not come over from America to hide
our light behind a curtain on the opening
day. By pressing a number of laborers into
service and getting a volunteer from the
local public library, we made quite a brave
showing by Wednesday noon. At a quarter
to twelve your representative laid aside his
three-fold part of carpenter, decorator, and
chairman of the hanging committee, and
with the aid of a sprinkling can made a
hasty toilet and under cover of some of the
above mentioned screens, got into a dress
suit. Dressing in a Pullman berth is the
height of luxury and ease in comparison to
preparing for a reception behind a lumber
pile in an exhibition hall, where a crowd of
people are excitedly and momentarily ex-
pecting the arrival of their king.
At high noon your representative was
standing in the center aisle, fairly properly
attired, and there was a tension in the air
indicating the approach of the King. There
were subdued whispers of "Er kommt ! Der
I-
K^S' >
ill
tta
O o fr)
k.0- >
August, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
593
Konig kommt !" Down the aisle came a
squad of police to clear the way and keep
the people back at a respectful distance.
Your representative was requested to stand
out beyond the line a bit so as to indicate
his official position in case his dress failed
in this respect. Dr. Volkmann, the presi-
dent of the Exposition, preceded the King
and explained the nature of the various
exhibits. When the royal party arrived at
the A. L. A. exhibit, Dr. Volkmann pre-
sented me to His Majesty and said that I
could explain the American exhibit. The
King inquired about the Library of Con-
gress and the New York Public Library,
pictures of which were in evidence on the
walls, and asked whether we had the same
library system in America as they have in
Germany. The question was a little vague,
but the answer, whatever it was, seemed to
satisfy the questioner. No sooner had the
procession passed than I became conscious
of the fact that, in replying, I had not once
made use of the phrase "His Majesty."
One's esprit d'escalier always comes out on
an occasion of this sort. I apologized to one
of the officials for my democratic manner
in talking with the King, and was assured
that I need not be concerned about it, as the
King was himself very democratic in his
ideas.
I was invited to the "Salamander" with
which the special Student Exposition was
officially opened that same afternoon. This
was presided over by the King and was a
gay and joyous out-door affair. There
were large delegations from student or-
ganizations all over Germany, and the
bright, variegated uniforms, with the little
caps and clanking swords, made a sharp
contrast to anything ever seen on an Amer-
ican college campus. The drinking of
toasts was a most formal matter. The
singing was very spirited, even though many
lagged behind time in a truly laughable
manner. Apparently "Gaudeamus igitur"
is sung more slowly in some parts of Ger-
many than in others.
At the evening reception a high official
of the Exposition came to me and ex-
pressed the hope that I appreciated the
honor of having been presented to the King.
I assured him that I did. He then informed
me that in arranging for this it was in-
tended to honor America, and I was asked
to notify my fellow-countrymen of the fact.
Since the opening we have been busy
with the rearrangement of the exhibit occa-
sioned by the arrival of seven cases of
Library Bureau furniture and a case of
books for the Children's Room, and addi-
tional material from the Library of Con-
gress. We are still awaiting a large num-
ber of photographs and mounts for use on
the walls and screens.
The exhibit from the Library of Con-
gress occupies the western booth, and con-
sists of eleven large framed pictures of the
building, a collection of the Library's publi-
cations since 1897 and a po-tray catalog
cabinet containing both the dictionary and
systematic catalogs of the bibliographical
collection in the Library of Congress. In
the installation of this exhibit, as indeed in
the work of the entire opening month, we
were fortunate in having the assistance of
Mr. Ernest Kletsch of the Library of Con-
gress staff. On the wall is a large statis-
tical chart showing the growth of libraries
in the United States from 1875, 1885, 1896,
1903 to 1913. In the center of this booth
is a model of a typical small branch library
building showing the arrangement of read-
ing rooms and delivery desk to admit of
easy supervision. This is mounted on a
platform ^y2 feet high, draped with a large
American flag loaned by the American Con-
sulate. The model has attracted a great
deal of attention and is especially instruc-
tive, as there are in nearby spaces models
of Assyrian, medieval and eighteenth cen-
tury libraries, the new building for the
Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, Florence,
and also the reading room of the new Royal
Library at Berlin, and the close proximity
of these models affords the public an oppor-
tunity to contrast these different types of
libraries.
The Library of Congress exhibit has at-
tracted a great deal of favorable attention.
Many visitors were already familiar with
one aspect or another of it. It is famous
here for the modernity of its system and
the liberality and excellence of its adminis-
tration. The large framed views of the
building were much admired, and the read-
ing room was compared with that of the
Konigliche Bibliothek, Berlin, which it re-
594
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[August, 1914
sembles somewhat closely. The card catalog
of the section devoted to bibliography called
forth a number of questions as to the L. C.
classification in general, its application to
special fields of knowledge, comparison with
the decimal classification, comparison of the
printed cards with those of the Konigliche
Bibliothek, which are distinctly inferior to
the L. C. cards. The ninety-tray cabinet con-
taining the L. C. catalogs was frequently
contrasted with the German make to the
advantage of the American original.
The director of the Leipzig City Library
detailed an English-speaking assistant to
file cards and learn about the L. C. system,
with a view to introducing the card catalog
system into the City Library. A philologist
to whom was entrusted the reclassification
of the literature section in a public library
found the printed schedules of classifica-
tion so satisfactory that he wanted to use
the schedule for literature as soon as issued.
The secretary of a series of workingmen's
libraries became much interested in the
card system and hoped to be able to use the
L. C. classification in classifying the books
on their shelves. The director of an art
library wanted to know to what extent the
L. C. classification could be used in his own
library, and upon looking over the scheme
for art he thought it quite full and satis-
factory. The representative of a musical
journal admired very much the publications
of the music division, and said that he was
quite unaware of the splendid opportunities
in this line in the L. C. In fact, he had
not thought it possible to do such work
in the United States. One medical man
was interested in the possibility of us-
ing the L. C. cards for cataloging a
large private library, and another physi-
cian, an American, said that until he
had had the opportunity of studying the
L. C. system as shown in Leipzig he had no
idea of its excellence, and that upon his
return to the United States he would make
an early pilgrimage to Washington to learn
more of the national library. Librarians
of a technical high school in Munich and
of a commercial high school in Nagasaki
inquired as to how L. C. cards could be
applied to their needs and how card cata-
logs could be started. Another librarian
saw specimens of photostatic work done
in the L. C. and was interested in compar-
ing them with similar copies done by a
German machine.
An Austrian archivist was interested in
the possibility of using a card system in
cataloging archives, and said that he hoped
to see the day come when there would be
an international code of catalog rules and
an international exchange of printed cata-
log cards. He thought that the Deutsche
Biicherei, which since Jan. I, 1913, has been
receiving a copy of every new book printed
in Germany, might require of every author
whose book was deposited, co-operation to
the extent of filling out a blank giving full
name, date of birth, title and subject of
book — all information helpful in cataloging.
A German librarian requested a copy of
the A. L. A. catalog rules in order to in-
corporate into his own new rules the points
in regard to author entry, size, collation
and other features in which the American
code is more specific than the German
practice.
The eastern end of the A. L. A. space is
given up to the exhibit of library work with
children, in which the visitors have shown a
very lively interest. Reading rooms for
children are hardly known in Germany,
though beginning to be well known in
Vienna. About two hundred juvenile books
are exhibited on shelves, and those with
the most attractive illustrations are spread
open on exhibition ledges or on the small
tables of two heights sent over by the
Library Bureau. These tables, with the
chairs to match, call forth the warmest ad-
miration. Many school children look admir-
ingly at the furniture and linger over the
books as well as over the photographs of
scenes in various children's libraries that
cover the walls of the booth. The illus-
trated books are much admired and fond
mothers have wanted to buy some of them
to take home to their own children. Sur-
prise has at times been expressed that we
neither sell nor take orders for material
exhibited here.
Children ask questions about the Indians
they see pictured in Deming's "Little Indian
folk." Even the one lone Indian on the
back of Willson's "Romance of Canada"
called forth a series of questions from one
boy as to how many Indians there were in
August, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
595
America, whether they were very bad, and
whether they were to be found in every
city. He said that he had seen one in a
circus. As a special mark of appreciation
this lad promised to return later and show
us his English school book. Every juvenile
visitor agrees that a special reading room
for children must, indeed, be "sehr schon."
The major part of the center booths is
given up to the work of public libraries,
college and university libraries and library
architecture, with special exhibits on catalog-
ing and binding. Samples are exhibited to
snow methods of reinforcing books in publish-
ers' bindings, morocco and pigskin backs, the
use of Keratol cloth and Holliston buckram.
The Trenton winged cabinets have attracted
a great deal of attention, possibly more on
account of the mechanism than because of
interest in the subjects illustrated. The
Germans are always on the lookout for
something practical, and we have frequent-
ly been asked whether we could sell one of
these cabinets after the Exposition closed.
We had some experiences which may be
helpful in arranging for the San Francisco
exhibit.
First, as to labels. There can hardly be
too many of them. To paraphrase a well-
known saying about museums, an exhibition
is a collection of carefully prepared labels
adequately illustrated by correlated objects.
The Germans placard everything. Go into
a street car, and you see one sign calling
attention to the law in regard to unpro-
tected hatpin points and another informing
the traveling public as to how much dam-
ages are to be paid for the breaking of the
different sized panes of glass, lamp chim-
neys or electric light bulbs. Labels should
be in several languages, including the ver-
nacular of the country. Signs in English
only may be helpful as exercises on which
Germans can try their linguistic skill, but in
many cases they fail to convey fully and
clearly the desired information.
Thanks to our neighbors, we secured
German labels for the table exhibits reading
"Please do not disturb" and "Without per-
mission nothing is to be removed, not even
circulars." It was found necessary through-
out the exposition to protect exhibits in
this way. From the model of the Assyrian
Library one of the little figures had been
removed, and from a publisher's booth a set
of an architectural journal had been broken
into. Volumes 5, 4 and 3 were taken in
succession by some one who believed in
beginning at the end, but appreciated the
value of completeness. We caught one man
in the act of removing a book from the
children's section, but were less fortunate
in the case of the person who took a fancy
to Mrs. Julia Cartwright Ady's "Pilgrim's
way from Winchester to Canterbury." The
volume, which was the first item in an ex-
hibit showing the history of a book from
the first stage of book selection through the
processes of ordering, cataloging and pre-
paring for the shelves, was taken with item
9 of this exhibit, i. e., the book pocket.
One Pittsburgher who looked in on us
said that as he came down the long hall
lined with booths most attractively fur-
nished with couches and curtains to the
plainer part devoted to libraries, he thought
that he must be coming to the American
section — it was so bare in comparison. The
German exhibitors certainly gave a lot of
time and thought to their displays. Being
not only trained to this sort of thing, but
also at home, they could afford to indulge
in attractive fittings which could be utilized
after the close of the exhibit. A corre-
sponding treatment of the A. L. A. space
would have been almost prohibitive. If
more furniture had been brought from the
United States the expense would have been
much greater, and if bought here it would
have had to be sacrificed at the close of the
exhibit.
The sound of the hammer is still heard
on all sides. Some buildings like that of
Russia have just been roofed in, while an-
other pavilion has just been begun. Others
are provisionally open an hour per day.
Many doors are still marked "Geschlossen"
or "Kein Eingang." Trees and hedges are
being planted and lawns made. There are
beautiful parterres of luxurious flowers
down the main avenue and the landscape
setting is most delightful. By the time the
various A. L. A. parties arrive in midsum-
mer the Exposition will be at its height
and the unfinished look of the first month
will be a thing forgotten. The richness of
the exhibits in the different fields of book-
making and the graphic arts will be found
596
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[August, 1914
surprisingly well set forth in many build-
ings and in exhibits from many lands. We
hope that the regret of the American visitor
in finding that his own government took no
official part in the Exposition and that
American publishers have not participated
will be in part offset by the exhibit of the
American Library Association. I am sure
that visitors will find in the exhibit what the
Committee has tried to make it, — a fair pres-
entation of modern American library
methods, modern equipment, with a sug-
gestion of our historical background and an
indication of the lines along which Amer-
ican libraries are developing.
Respectfully submitted,
THEODORE W. KOCH.
Leipzig, May 14, 1914.
Island, N. Y., has a large number of un-
bound copies of the following magazines
(many years complete) dating back as far
as 1845, which she will be glad to donate to
any reputable library which would care for
them.
LIST
The Anti-Slavery Standard.
The Liberator.
The Atlantic.
Black-wood's Magazine, Edinburgh Re-
view, Westminster Review (American edi-
tions).
People's Magazine (i vol.).
Engineering Magazine.
Van Nostrand's Engineering Magazine.
THE OXFORD PROGRAM
A PROVISIONAL program for the thirty-
CARNEGIE CORPORATION LIBRARY seventh annual meeting of the British Lib-
GIFTS — JUNE, 1914 rary Association has been sent out. Many
ORIGINAL GIFTS, UNITED STATES prominent librarians of the United States
Brigham Utah $12 500 and Canada wil1 be present and take part
Brush Colorado 6,000 in the Program, making it really a pan-
Eatonton, Georgia 6,000 A"glican conference. The meetings begin on
Garner Iowa 6,500 the afternoon of Monday, Aug. 31, and end
Harvard, Nebraska 6,000 Fnda-v afternoon, Sept. 4. Most of the col-
New London, Ohio 10,000 leSes wl11 be °Pen to visitors in the day
Red Lodge, Montana 15,000 time' and sPecial visits are Panned to the
Roann Town and Paw Paw Town- more important buildings and to the Daren-
ship, Indiana 10,000 don Press> wlth excursions to surrounding
Shawano, Wisconsin 10,000 Pomts-
f^ . f>+ . T^ « ir JvOlj s\ AJV1
Sisseton, South Dakota 7,500 Monday> 3ist August>
Traer, IowTa 8,OOO 4 to 6 p.m. — Meetings of branch associations.
6 p.m. — Meeting of the L. A. Council.
8.30 p.m. — Lecture — "Oxford outside the guide
Ssn*? Cnn books"; by Falconer Madan, M.A.,
W'500 F.S.A., Bodley's librarian.
INCREASES, UNITED STATES Tuesday, ist September, 1914.
Belmar, New Jersey $5,000 ,_ pJ^SIT *«£• " «• - ' »•«•
Butler, Indiana (to provide for 2. Paper — Modern methods of accelerating book
surrounding townships) 1,000 S^VS!""^ oV thTdepaJ.me^of '
Woodland, California (to extend £o.g, BnH^e^r^on «, *
building to include Yolo U.S.A.
TO /•>/-./-> 3- Discussion — The place of the library in a uni-
I2,OOO versity; opened by Dr. E. C. Richardson, libra-
rian, Princeton University; and Sir William
Osier, M.D., F.R.S., regius professor of medicine,
$18,000 Oxford.
Afternoon Session
ORIGINAL GIFT, CANADA 4. Informal illustrated lecture— History of the title-
Norwood, Ontario $5,ooo Poa|f0;rdby S* Gibs°n> M>A" B°dfdan Library'
TXT/-T>TT ACT? r A XT A r» A 5- Visits to university and collegiate buildings, and
INCREASE, CANADA to the Bodleian> College, and City Libraries, and
North Bay, Ontario $1,395 the Clarendon Press-
Evening Session, 6 to 7 p. m.
6. Lecture — The library situation in Canada; by
FREE MAGAZINES FOR LIBRARIES. Libraries H' L°cke> librarian> Toronto Public
MRS. WILLIAM G. WILLCOX of 115 8-30 to n p.m.
Davis Ave., West New Brighton, Staten 7" *^?ga8. by the may°r a"d corporation at the
August, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
597
Wednesday, 2nd September, 1914
Morning Session, 10 a.m. to i p.m.
8. Paper — The development of the Library Associa-
tion since 1878; by Henry R. Tedder, secretary
and librarian, The Athenaeum, London.
9. Discussion — Modern influences antagonistic to the
reading of books; opened by W. N. C. Carlton,
librarian, Newberry Library, Chicago; and George
T. Shaw, librarian, Liverpool Public Libraries.
10. Discussion — The legitimate field of the municipal
public library; opened by J. C. Dana, librarian,
Newark Public Libraries, U.S.A.; and L. Stanley
Jast, librarian, Croydon Public Libraries.
Afternoon Session
11. Excursions and visits.
Evening Session, 6 to 7 p.m.
13. Lantern lecture — Recent developments in library
planning (America) ; by Dr. Frank P. Hill, libra-
rian, Brooklyn Public Libraries.
8-30 to ii p.m.
13. Conversazione in the Ashmolean Museum; by in-
vitation of the curators of the Bodleian Library;
and illustrated lecture — Historical extension of
the Bodleian buildings; by Falconer Madan, M.A.,
F.S.A., Bodley's librarian.
Thursday, 3rd September, 1914.
Morning Session, 10 a.m. to i p.m.
14. Paper — Library lectures; by W. E. Doubleday,
librarian, Hampstead Public Libraries. Discus-
sion to be opened by Miss M. E. Ahern, editor of
Public Libraries, Chicago.
15. Discussion — Duties of a library committeeman or
trustee; opened by R. R. Bowker, editor of the
LIBRARY JOURNAL, New York; and Alderman
Henry Plummer, chairman, Manchester Public
Libraries.
1 6. Discussion — Principles of book selection and book
rejection; opened by a delegate of the American
Library Association; and T. W. Lyster, M.A., li-
brarian, National Library of Ireland.
Afternoon Session
17. Excursions and visits.
Evening Session, 6 to 7 p.m.
1 8. Lantern lecture — Recent developments in library
planning (United Kingdom) ; by T. Ballinger,
M.A., librarian, National Library of Wales.
8 to ii p.m.
19. Conference dinner.
Friday, 4th September, 1914
Morning Session, 10 a.m. to i p.m.
20. Lantern lecture — Newer phases of library exten-
sion; by H. E. Legler, librarian, Chicago Public
Libraries.
21. Brief addresses by visiting librarians.
Afternoon Session
22. Deferred discussion and papers (if any).
23. Annual business meeting.
Hmertcan %ibrars Hssociation
WASHINGTON CONFERENCE
GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS ROUND TABLE*
The Government Documents Round Table,
held in the small ballroom of the New Wil-
lard Hotel, Friday, May 29, with George S.
Godard, state librarian of Connecticut, chair-
man of the committee on public documents,
in charge, was unquestionably one of the most
interesting and helpful meetings yet held by
this section. For the first time, those in au-
thority in Congress, the Library of Congress,
'Received too late for inclusion in the report of
the Washington conference, printed in the July num-
the office of the government printer and the
office of the superintendent of documents were
all represented through accredited officials.
Probably also there has never been a larger
gathering of librarians interested in public
documents than came together at this meeting.
Three important papers had been prepared
for this occasion. The first was on the "Pur-
pose and scope of the codification of the
printing laws as contained in the Printing
Bill" — now before Congress — by George H.
Carter, clerk of the joint committee on
printing.
In his paper, which will be printed in full in
an early issue of the JOURNAL, Mr. Carter en-
tered quite fully into the scope of the work
and power of his committee and explain how
every effort had been made, so far as possible,
to embody in the pending bill the several
suggestions made by the Association. Where
these suggestions had not been adopted, Mr.
Carter stated why not, or made note for fur-
ther consideration.
Not the least interesting part of this paper
was the discussion brought out by questions,
which were answered with the same interest
and willingness as shown by the inquirer.
The second paper was upon "The Monthly
'Catalogue of United States Public Docu-
ments," by Minnie B. Hegeman of the super-
intendent of documents' office. As the editor
of this very helpful publication, Miss Hege-
man showed something of the magnitude of
the work involved in collecting, collating and
arranging the material, all of which was based
upon each separate publication. There was
no hearsay nor tradition used in its compila-
tion. Every statement was based on first-hand
information.
The third paper was upon "Thirteenth cen-
sus, 1910, publications," by Mary A. Hartwell,
cataloger in the office of the Superintendent
of Documents.
Miss Hartwell briefly outlined the work of
the Census Bureau, and enumerated, ex-
plained and distinguished between the several
series of publications issued by that office.
As the invitations to make ourselves at
home in the several divisions of the Library
of Congress, the office of the superintendent
of documents, the several departments of gov-
ernment, and the Public Library, had been
freely accepted during the week, those gath-
ered at the documents round table Friday
morning were there for a purpose and thor-
oughly interested. The special efforts which
had been made in our behalf by those in
authority had been appreciated. As never
before, this meeting proved to be our oppor-
tunity to hear and be heard.
598
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[August, 1914
Among those who participated in the dis-
cussions were :
Alton P. Tisdel, assistant superintendent of
documents, representing the superintendent of
documents, General Josiah H. Brinker, who
being unable to be present, had sent his best
wishes for the success of the meeting and its
members. Mr. Tisdel expressed his surprise
and pleasure at the great interest which he
found so many librarians had in public docu-
ments. "The talks I have had with you li-
brarians," said Mr. Tisdel, "have been a reve-
lation, enabling me to see the growth and in-
fluence in public documents. I know it will
serve to increase the activities of the super-
intendent of documents along the line of doing
for the libraries all he can."
Mr. Ranck, librarian of the Grand Rapids
Public Library, inquired concerning the use
of franked envelopes, which at first glance
seemed threatened.
Mr. Andrews of the John Crerar Library
expressed his appreciation of the action of the
printing committee in proposing a bill which
does so much.
Mr. Carr, of Scranton, Pa., expressed his
appreciation of the great helpfulness of the
Monthly Catalogue.
Nathan B. Williams, a special representative
of the House judiciary committee, called at-
tention to some of the special publications
printed by that committee under its own au-
thority and immediate direction, each in an
edition limited to one thousand copies. He
also called attention to the great lack of reli-
able translations of foreign laws, and the
great difficulties which always accompany such
legal translations. "I do not care how accu-
rate a translator may be, he must at least have
his translation revised by one who is familiar
with the terminology of the subject which he
attempts to translate," said Mr. Williams.
Miss Hasse of the New York Public Li-
brary made a plea for the small library and
urged the creation of a graded list of deposi-
tory libraries.
Mr. Bowker, editor of the LIBRARY JOURNAL,
expressed his pleasure in seeing at this meet-
ing parties to all sides of the public document
question in earnest, helpful, and hopeful con-
ference. He recalled his earlier experiences
in Washington while attempting to learn from
the departments what they had published, and
contrasted that lack of information with the
present Monthly Catalogue of Public Docu-
ments which is serving a very great purpose.
Mr. Bowker supported Miss Hasse's plea for
the smaller libraries and was inclined to ad-
vocate sending to such libraries only such doc-
uments as might be selected by competent gov-
ernment authorities, as being of service in such
libraries, but always granting to the libraries
the privilege of asking for other documents
so far as they can be supplied.
Mr. Daniels of California called attention to
the large use made of public documents in
the county library work in his state, and ex-
pressed the hope that provision would be
made whereby the needs of large sections
would not be determined by the requirements
of smaller areas bearing the same name, for,
said he, "a California county covers some
territory and therefore we require many du-
plicates in our system."
Mr. Nichols of the Library of Geological
Survey, Washington, expressed his pleasure
in the work accomplished by the joint com-
mittee on printing, and urged that the atten-
tion of our Congressmen and Senators should
be called, through personal letters, to the
desirability of its early passage. This sugges-
tion met with hearty approval.
Mr. Thompson of the Library of Congress
called attention to the large use of government
and state publications by the legislative ref-
erence departments now found in so many of
our states.
The meeting, after expressing the hope that
the proposed bill might be enacted into law
substantially as presented, adjourned by pass-
ing a vote of thanks to those who had ar-
ranged for the meeting, to those who had
prepared papers and to those officials and
others who, by their presence or through their
representatives, had contributed to the suc-
cess of this meeting. Q 5 Q
COMMITTEE ON COST AND METHOD OF
CATALOGING
The July issue of the JOURNAL contained a
reprint of the letter and schedule adopted by
this committee, to be sent to fifty different
libraries who are willing to test their cata-
loging methods. At the meeting of head cat-
alogers in Washington, May 28, the discus-
sion of the subject was opened by Mr. W. P.
Cutter, who said that he had for some time
carried on a time study of the work in his
library, using stop watch and pedometer. He
had found that, in his own case, mere walk-
ing to an ice-water cooler had cost the li-
brary during one year $65. He had found
that each member of his staff walked one
hour each day, and said that if this waste
could be eliminated he would be willing to
recommend reducing the working day by half
an hour. He suggested that the time spent
in handling and moving the books should be
taken into consideration by the committee,
and also overhead charges.
August, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
599
Dr. Richardson said that walking really
might be regarded as needed change of at-
mosphere. Real waste consists mainly in un-
considered trifles.
Mr. Windsor recommended that the ques-
tion of fatigue be studied. It might be found
that the higher grade of work is more fatiguing
while mechanical work results in less strain.
Mr. Currier thought that the present inves-
tigation was not quite fair for libraries like
that of Harvard, where half the books re-
ceived could be classed among the difficult
books. He also called attention to the fact
that the vacations had not been taken into
consideration. Rather than having a large
number of libraries make a test with 100
books each, he would like to see a smaller
number take a test during a whole year on a
basis of total titles compared with total time
devoted to cataloging.
Miss Baldwin suggested that such a test be
taken later on, with five or six libraries of
different types. The present test could be
only preliminary. Mr. Cutter said that if a
test such as the one suggested were to be
taken, one investigator should make a study
of the test in each library.
A member suggested that all the libraries
to be investigated should be of the same size
and have approximately the same number of
assistants on the cataloging staff.
Miss Mann said that by using printed forms
she had been able to reduce the work on a
truck full of duplicates from about three
days to three hours. .
Mr. Hanson asked if anyone had tried to
figure out how much it cost a library to
change the location of a book. It cost the
University of Chicago Library 25 c. to 35 c.
to change call numbers on the various cards
and to make the other alterations included in
the change of location of a particular book.
He said that much time was spent in correct-
ing errors found during the routine of filing
and other work.
Mr. Martel said that if too much emphasis
was placed on the imoortance of mechanical
devices and the saving of unnecessary steps
and movements on the part of the catalogers,
there was danger of losing sight of some-
thing which is much more important, namely,
the time wasted by catalogers and library
workers in general through useless search in
reference books, bibliographies and similar
aids, for information not contained in these
books and which a person of experience and
knowledge would know in advance was not
to be found in them ; that it was of fully as
much importance to secure the guidance of
older and more experienced persons in the
use of the book resources of the library on
the part of the younger assistants as to watch
how many times they took a drink of water
or to keep track of the number of steps taken
by them in going to and from the catalog.
It will be seen that two lines of thought
crossed during this discussion : one more
concerned with the mechanics of method, the
other taking account chiefly of the organiza-
tion of the work and the workers and the
standard of the latter. The present investi-
gation is concerned chiefly with methods, but
questions of organization and standards will
not be neglected; if they seem to be, it is be-
cause they do not lend themselves as easily
as the others to the method of inquiry
adopted by the committee at the present stage
of the investigation. Suggestions in regard
to the investigation, sent to the chairman or
any member of the committee, will be care-
fully considered.
It should be borne in mind by those who
see chiefly the mechanical side of the work
that, no matter how carefully every part of
the routine of cataloging has been watched,
no matter how earnestly attempts have been
made to avoid seemingly unnecessary steps
and other waste of time, if the catalogers are
inexperienced or ignorant and do not have
the necessary knowledge of the bibliograph-
ical and other tools, the result will be either
waste of time in revision by higher grade as-
sistants, or, if even these do not possess suffi-
cient knowledge, a poor catalog.
Those who are concerned over the standard
of the workers should consider that the ar-
rangement of the rooms, compact but spa-
cious, and a careful study of the outward me-
chanics of the work will result in better
working conditions — a most important factor
in the organization of a cataloging staff.
AKSEL G. S. JOSEPH SON,
Chairman of the Committee.
COMMITTEE ON WORK WITH THE BLIND
The extension this year of parcel-post to
books has been already utilized in several
libraries to enlarge their circulation and in-
crease their usefulness, but for ten years the
readers of embossed books have been accorded
a greater privilege in having their books trans-
ported from libraries and institutions by mail
free of all charge. This favor, which was
granted in 1904, has tremendously increased
the circulation of books to the blind. It would
seem advisable to urge that a comparatively
small number of well-stocked distributing cen-
ters, with power of more than a local circu-
6oo
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
{August, 1914
lation, be developed in such localities as would
leave no considerable territory uncovered.
The duplication of small collections of tan-
gible literature, which are not likely to be in-
creased, is to be discouraged.
The circulation of the six larger libraries
loaning books and music scores in the United
States during the past year has been 59,167
volumes, the New York City Public Library
being in the lead.
The committee has not been able to corre-
spond with a large number of libraries, but a
short report from some of the more important
ones is given here:
California. — The Slate Library at Sacra-
mento has books for the blind in five different
types, and these are sent to any blind resident
of the state on application; also writing ap-
pliances and games are loaned on trial, and the
addresses of firms supplying these articles are
given to any inquirer. Books have been
loaned since 1905, and on April i, 1914, there
were 608 borrowers, the total number of em-
bossed books being 3,393. The library also
loans the Braille Review and the Outlook for
the Blind in ink-print, and various other ink-
print magazines containing current articles on
subjects relating to the blind.
The circulation of embossed books for 1913
was 7,366; for the year April I, 1913-March
31, 1914, circulation, 8,064, the circulation for
the first quarter of 1914, being 2,382, as com-
pared with 1,684 f°r the first quarter of 1913.
This increase in circulation at this time is
largely due to the issuing of a new circular
and finding list late in March.
The San Francisco Association for the Blind
. circulates the embossed books to the blind of
San Francisco. Books are also loaned to the
library in Sacramento, which, in turn, borrows
from the Association. There are 422 volumes
in this library, the greater number being in
New York point and American Braille, but
there are also books in Moon and Line type,
and English and Spanish books in old Braille.
Last year the Association voted to spend $100
a year on embossed books. During 1913 there
were about 200 volumes in circulation among
thirty readers. The superintendent has re-
cently made a catalog of the books and a
duplicate in Braille.
Delaware. — Mr. Bailey, the librarian of the
Wilmington Institute Free Library, writes
that the books for the blind are now in charge
of the Delaware Commission for the Blind,
and one of the men, partially blind, delivers
and collects the books for the blind through-
out the city. They have now 665 volumes, and
during the past year added 43 books in the
Braille type.
Illinois. — The Chicago Public Library Book
Bulletin for December, 1914, announced that
free readings for the blind would be instituted
in all branch libraries in the city two Saturday
mornings each month, through volunteers
from the Jewish women's clubs. The March
number of the Bulletin says that the library
has a collection of 1,370 volumes for the use
of the blind in Chicago. Though a reading
room for their accommodation is maintained
in one of the branches, most of the books are
circulated through the mail, and last year
2,620 volumes were sent out for home use.
Iowa. — Miss Robinson, of the committee,
reports as follows : Inasmuch as the New
York point system is the one taught in the
Iowa College for the Blind at Vinton, and is
therefore the one generally understood in
Iowa, the books in that type are circulated.
During 1913, 246 books were loaned and 404
readers registered; 50 titles have been aded to
readers registered ; 50 titles have been added to
the work of the traveling libraries under the
Iowa Library Commission, and books are
loaned to any blind person in the state upon
the recommendation of a resident seeing tax-
payer.
Library of Congress. — The report for 1913
of the Room for the Blind, with Mrs. Rider
in charge, shows that the embossed books now
number 2,245 volumes, active readers are 92
and blind readers visiting the Room for the
Blind, and blind persons attending entertain-
ments during the year numbered 1,157. The
total circulation this year of books, magazines
and music has been 1,703. There have been
562 books, magazines and music scores added
to the library. The Room for the Blind re-
ceives copies of all books published by the
American Printing House for the Blind in
Louisville, so far as these are printed from
the government allotment. The books and
music have been classified, cataloged and prop-
erly shelved, and files for detailed information
have been started to facilitate reference work
on all matters pertaining to the blind. In so
far as the collection in the library permits,
books are circulated in states where the need
of a reader is not met by a local, nearby or
state library. Applicants in this case are first
referred to these nearer libraries.
Massachusetts. — Throughout Massachusetts
and the other New England states the major-
ity of the books loaned to the blind are sent
from the Perkins Institution for the Blind at
Watertown, Mass. All inquiries at public
libraries and associations are referred to this
library. The Institution has its own printing
plant, the Howe Memorial Press, and the li-
brary, working in connection with this, has a
M ~
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in >
| 3
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August, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
601
larger supply of books in the Line and Braille
types to draw from than some of the other
libraries. It is primarily a school library, but
from the very first was designed to supply
reading matter to the blind in any part of the
United States and America. This year, 4,694
embossed books and music scores were loaned
outside the school. The fact that the library
makes long-time loans to six libraries and to
three schools for the blind, rather than to the
individuals themselve", lowers the number of
books actually loaned from the library. There
is also a valuable reference library of books
relating to the blind in ink-print. These books
cannot be circulated, but are free to all for
study and reference, and requests sent in for
lists of books and articles on special subjects
connected with the blind will be granted. A
large quantity of Braille music is published
here and sold or circulated to anyone.
The public library at Lynn, Mass., has a
good selection of embossed books and a num-
ber of constant, active readers, under the su-
pervision of a librarian who is blind, Miss
Jennie Bubier. This collection is supple-
mented by a deposit of books from the Per-
kins Institution library.
Michigan. — The Michigan Employment In-
stitution for the Blind at Saginaw reports,
through Mr. Shotwell, that for the year from
Julj, 1913, to July, 1914, the legislature of
Michigan granted $1,000 to the Institution for
embossed books, and for the coming year of
1914-1915 the same amount has been granted.
This is being expended for Braille and New
York point books, and a large quantity of
Braille and New York point music has also
been ordered. The books and music are
loaned to any blind person in the state, and
will also be sent out of the state to any former
resident or pupil, or to anyone who has in any
way aided the library either by money or in-
fluence. They hope soon to have a full stock
of the newer books and to be able to keep it
up to date, and that this will greatly increase
their circulation.
Minnesota. — Miss Carey, of the committee,
reports that the work of furnishing books to
the blind of Minnesota in New York point,
Braille and other systems is carried on by the
State School for the Blind at Faribault, which
is just now erecting a new library building.
This library is open the year round, and this
year has a list of outside readers numbering
88. The average number of books taken out
monthly by these readers is 33. The number
of adult blind using the library is increased
each year by members of the summer school,
some of whom always become permanent
members of the librarv circle.
New York. — In the New York City Public
Library the department for the blind, with
Miss Goldthwaite, of this committee, in charge,
fills a large place among the libraries supply-
ing embossed books to the blind. It has 10,850
volumes of books and music scores in differ-
ent types, and is most liberal in loaning these
in the state and also outside, if the book re-
quired cannot be obtained from a nearby li-
brary. Last year, 23,325 volumes were cir-
culated, an increase of 1,387 over 1912; 20,000
volumes were sent by mail, and 700 volumes
added to the library. It is especially to be
congratulated on having such excellent book
lists; « romplete catalog of books and music,
printt^ in ink-print; also an embossed catalog
in New York point of all the New York point
books, and one in Braille of all the Braille
books. These catalogs are for sale at a nom-
inal price.
The New York State Library, at the time
of its destruction by fire, had in the depart-
ment for the blind 3,299 volumes of embossed
books and music. This department, under
Miss Chamberlain, has now 3,185 volumes of
books and 745 pieces of music, having in-
creased its accessions by 629 volumes. It has
published 113 New York point books on the
standard-sized plate, so that they can be ob-
tained by any library. This last year 13 new
books were printed. The total circulation for
the past year was 6,788 books and scores of
music. The books printed by the New York
State Library are always most popular with all
readers using that type, and fill an important
place in every collection of New York point
books.
Ohio. — The library work for the blind in
Cleveland is done through the Society for the
Blind, but no recent report has been received.
In Cincinnati the Clovernook Home for Blind
Women was opened last May, and since then
a small building has been fitted up with a
printing press and other equipment, and at this
time they are just starting to print New York
point books. The books in this collection are
sent throughout the United States as well as
into Canada. Miss Georgia Trader and her
sister are in charge of this work.
Pennsylvania. — The Free Library of Phila-
delphia, in co-operation with the Pennsylvania
Home Teaching Society, under the supervision
of Mrs. Delfino, of this committee, supplies the
blind with reading matter in the eastern part
of Pennsylvania. In 1913 the names of 127
new borrowers were added, 18,505 volumes
of embossed books being circulated among 699
persons, this library having the second largest
circulation among the blind. Of the 4,472 vol-
umes in actual use, 1,591 belong to the Free
602
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[August, 1914
Library of Philadelphia and 2,881 to the Penn-
sylvania Home Teaching Society. Co-opera-
tion with the Society for the Promotion of
Church Work Among the Blind has placed
the publications of that Society also at the
service of readers. The Pennsylvania School
for the Blind at Overbrook, though entirely a
school library, helps in the circulation of books
outside the school by supplying text books and
loaning the German and French books at its
disposal. Last year they circulated among out-
side readers about 800 books.
In the western part of the state embossed
books are circulated from the Carnegie Li-
brary at Pittsburgh, and last year they sent
out 4,145 volumes. We regret that we have no
special report of that library this year.
Many of the libraries in other states, which
have helped in the circulation of the embossed
books, are adding but little to their stock. We
would refer anyone wishing a more detailed
report of the work done in the various states
to an article by Mrs. Delfino in the Outlook
for the Blind, January, 1911.
Embossed Lists. — An embossed list of the
books is always much desired by all blind
readers. They wish to look up and choose
their own books without asking anyone to read
an ink-print list to them. Such lists have been
printed at the New York City Public Library,
as mentioned before. These they intend to
keep up to date by supplements added from
time to time. The Carnegie Library in Pitts-
burgh, the San Francisco Association, the
State Library at Indianapolis and the Cincin-
nati Public Library have also published em-
bossed lists. The Free Library of Philadel-
phia is shortly to bring up to date by supple-
ments the embossed lists issued in 1907. These
lists of all their Braille and New York point
books are loaned free of charge to all readers.
At the Perkins Institution they have issued a
list, printed in Braille, of the Braille music,
which they circulate and have for sale. A few
libraries have tried embossed card catalogs,
but the process is tedious, and the use made
of them did not seem to justify the time in-
volved. One has been used in the department
for the blind in the Brooklyn Public Library
and in the Public Library at Lynn, Mass. We
would like to draw the attention of all those
working for the blind to the valuable ink-print
list of all the Braille books published in the
United States, a new edition of which is being
brought out by Mr. Burritt at Overbrook, Pa.
Library Schools. — For some time the library
schools have been interested in this side of
library work and devote one or two lecture
hours a year to it, and also visit nearby schools
and libraries for the blind.
Object Teaching in Libraries and Museums.
— In schools for the blind object teaching has
been used for years, but lately libraries are
adopting this method as a substitute for pic-
tures. Instead of a long explanation of some-
thing unfamiliar, the object itself, or a model,
is introduced, and the sensitive fingers soon
convey to the mind of the blind a very accu-
rate idea of how the bird or beast or airship
looks.
Uniform Type. — Mr. Elwyn H. Fowler, sec-
retary of the Uniform Type Committee of the
American Association of Workers for the
Blind, has prepared the following short report
on the progress of the endeavor toward a uni-
form system of type in the books for the blind.
There are three principal systems of em-
bossed dot characters for finger reading now
extensively used. These are European Braille,
the New York point and the American Braille.
The wastefulness of this condition is generally
recognized by the blind and their friends, and
work toward the adoption of a uniform system
is advancing, with good prospect of success.
The 1911 convention of the American Associa-
tion of Workers for the Blind encouraged the
Uniform Type Committee to raise a fund of
$3,000 with which to carry on a campaign of
investigation, agitation and conciliation. In
March, 1912, pledges to this amount having
been secured, the committee began active, sys-
tematic work. Two agents, one blind and a
member of the committee, the other seeing, but
also well informed on the subject, visited many
schools and other centers of work for the
blind in America, conducting tests designed to
discover what is the best in embossed types,
and at the same time endeavoring to spread
such a spirit of harmony and co-operation as
would lead to the adoption of a uniform sys-
tem. In the spring of 1913 the agents con-
tinued their work in England and Scotland.
In the short time remaining before the 1913
convention of the American Association of the
Workers for the Blind, the committee found it
impossible to classify and digest the results of
its experiments sufficiently to make entirely
definite recommendations regarding a system,
and the convention, rather than adopt these in
an incomplete form, wisely decided to wait
until the 1915 convention, when it is expected
that a system with definite assignments of
meaning to characters will be recommended.
We would recommend all workers with the
blind to read regularly the Outlook for the
Blind, a quarterly magazine published in Co-
lumbus, Ohio, and also The Blind, a quarterly,
and the Braille Review, a monthly, both pub-
lished in London, England. In these maga-
zines all current articles and information con-
August, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
603
cerning the latest books on the blind, as well
as all topics of interest in regard to the blind,
may be found. Possibly the Outlook for the
Blind might be made to answer as a clearing
house, giving regularly the latest information
about libraries, publishing houses, home teach-
ing societies for the blind, thereby keeping
librarians constantly in touch with the details
necessary in their work.
LAURA M. SAWYER,
LUCILLE A. GOLDTHWAITF
EMMA N. DELFINO,
GERTRUDE T. RIDER,
JULIA A. ROBINSON,
MIRIAM E. CAREY.
NEW YORK LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
The 24th annual meeting of the New York
Library Association, to be held at Ithaca,
Sept. 6-13, 1914, on the invitation of Cornell
University, offers some unique and welcome
attractions. Never before has the association
met at a university, and the opportunity for
a week of college residence and dormitory
life with the meetings in the college class
rooms, combined with the low rates offered
by the university, will surely bring together a
large company of library workers.
At a reception on Monday evening, Sept. 7,
the greetings of Cornell University will be
extended by its president. The formal pro-
gram will begin on Tuesday. It is expected
that the Hon. Andrew D. White, former
president of Cornell, and Dr. John H. Finley,
president of the University of the State of
New York, will address the general sessions.
There will be a session devoted to "The prob-
lems of college libraries," which Dr. Azariah
S. Root, of Oberlin College, will lead and
address. At another session Mr. Royal Gil-
key, Miss Van Rensselaer and others having
charge of the wonderful extension and read-
ing course work, especially in agriculture and
home economics whicn radiates from Cornell,
will describe it to the association and illus-
trate it with exhibits. An address on a literary
or social topic will be given by Mr. Irving
Bacheller and an illustrated stereopticon lec-
ture on Russian libraries by Mme. Haffkin-
Hamburger, secretary of the courses in li-
brary science given at Shaniawsky University,
Moscow, Russia, and the author of a number
of important books in Russian on library sub-
jects.
The rate for room and meals will be $2
per day. Sage College and Prudence Risley
Hall (the women's residence halls) will be
used. Meals will be served in both buildings
if more than 200 are in attendance, otherwise
in the former only. These halls are within
three and five minutes' walk of Goldwin
Smith Hall, where all the meetings will be
held. Rooms will be available and meals
served on Sunday, the 6th, and to and in-
cluding Saturday, the I2th. If any consider-
able number wish to stay over Sunday, the
I3th, accommodations will be available. Ap-
plications for rooms may be made at any
time to Mr. Thomas Tree, Sage College,
Ithaca, N. Y.
There will be no special railroad rates on
account of this meeting. Ithaca is reached
by either the Lehigh Valley or the Lacka-
wanna railroads.
The buildings and grounds of Cornell Uni-
versity and the State College of Agriculture
will be open for inspection all week and guides
will be furnished. The drives and walks
about Ithaca will satisfy the most enthusiastic,
if one may judge from the very attractive
book of views of the campus and country
surrounding Cornell, issued by the Univer-
sity; Cayuga Lake offers boating and canoe-
ing; motor boats, carriages and motor cars
will be available at minimum rates. The Uni-
versity golf links and tennis courts will be at
the service of the association without cost,
and a visit to the George Jr. Republic at
Freeville is an interesting possibility for Mon-
day or Saturday. Sometime during the week
a recital will be given in the college audi-
torium on one of the finest pipe organs in the
country, which is now being set up.
Notice is given that at the annual meeting
an amendment to article 3 will be presented,
providing for institutional as well as indi-
vidual membership.
Following is the program as given out:
Monday, September 7.
Evening — Welcoming reception, Sage College par-
lors.
Tuesday, September 8.
Forenoon — First general session, Goldwin Smith B.
Greetings on behalf of Cornell University, President
Schurman or his representative. On behalf of
Cornell University Library, Mr. George W. Har
ris.
President's address.
Reports of officers. Reports of committees.
Evening — Goldwin Smith B.
Stereopticon lecture on Russian libraries, Mme. Haff-
kin-Hamburger.
Wednesday, September 9.
Forenoon — Second general session, Goldwin Smith
B.
Address, Dr. John Huston Finley, president of the
University of the State of New York.
Address, Dr. Andrew D. White, former president of
Cornell University.
Thursday, September 10.
Forenoon — Round table for college libraries, Dr.
Azarah S. Root, leader.
604
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[August, 1914
Address, "Special problems of the college librarian,"
Dr. Root.
Other papers and discussion, Dr. D. F. Estes, Col-
gate University, Mr. J. D. Ibbotson, Hamilton
College, Miss Fanny E. Marquand, University of
Rochester, Miss Amy L. Reed, Vassar College.
Thursday, September 10.
Evening — Presentation of Cornell extension work.
Mr. Royal Gilkey, Professor Van Rensselaer or Pro-
fessor Rose, accompanied by an exhibit of pub-
lications, etc., to be on view during the entire
week.
Friday, September n.
Forenoon — Goldwin Smith B. Third general ses-
sion.
Address, "The publishers' co-operative bureau," Rich-
ard B. G. Gardner, manager.
Address, Mr. Irving Bacheller.
Afternoon — Round table for public libraries.
NORTHERN NEW YORK LIBRARY CLUB
A joint meeting of the Northern New York
Library Club and the State Institute was
called to order at the Ogdensburg Public
Library by the president of the club. Dr. S. A.
Hayt, on May 19, 1914. There were thirty
librarians and trustees in attendance.
The first subject under discussion was
"Gifts," and Miss Hasbrouck of the Ogdens-
burg Library was called upon to open the
discussion. Miss Phelps, of Albany, continued
the talk. Miss Andrews, of Massena, opened
the subject "Reference books," and Mr. Wal-
lace of the Ogdensburg board of education
spoke briefly on "School libraries."
The afternoon session was given over to
the subject "Selection and purchase of books,"
which included a discussion of new fiction and
non-fiction.
It was suggested that the next meeting be
held at Thousand Island Park early in Sep-
tember.
KATHERINE SAYRS PERINE,
Secretary pro tern.
SOUTHERN TIER LIBRARY CLUB
Wednesday morning, May 6, 1914, Dr.
George O. Williams, president of the board
of trustees of the Moore Memorial Library,
heartily welcomed the Southern Tier Library
Club to that institution and to the village of
Greene, N. Y. Response was made by J. W.
Livingston, president of the Club, who there-
upon took the chair. Until the close of the
sessions on Thursday afternoon those present
shared in a meeting which was full of events
for the Chenango Valley, for participating
in the program of the meeting were some of
the most capable and efficient workers in the
library and fields closely related thereto.
The exhibit of books helpful in work with
schools, as collected and prepared and loaned
by the New York Public Library School un-
der the direction of Miss Mary W. Plummer,
its principal, was brought to the attention of
the Club by Mrs. Mary Summers of Greene.
Much time was given to its study and exam-
ination during the two days and many and
valuable were the suggestions gathered.
Wednesday afternoon was devoted to the
theme "Rural work and conditions" and in an
address under the subject "What should be
the outcome of the use of school and public
libraries," Sherman Williams, chief of .the
school libraries division, State Education
Department, Albany, convinced his hearers,
which included the members of the Teachers'
Training Class of the Greene public schools,
their instructor, and the rural teachers in the
district, of the need of a getting together of
teachers and librarians in the educational work
in which each is engaged. By lucid, forceful
statements and plain pointed facts and apt il-
lustrations from his own broad experience he
proved that the teacher's knowledge of the
child and the librarian's knowledge of the
book and an established kindly relation with
the child cannot fail to lure that child into
reading, to the end that the right sort of high
ideals, fine tastes and excellent habits may be
inculcated. Little else matters if these three
things, which cover the whole ground of edu-
cation, are obtained.
"How the other half reads" was the subject
to which Miss Mary L. Isbell, :>f Norwich,
district superintendent of schools in the fifth
supervisory district of Chenango county, re-
sponded. Miss Isbell re-put her topic "How
can the other half read?" and from her ex-
periences, drawn from a careful survey of the
rural districts and farm conditions, Miss Is-
bell graphically presented new lights upon the
reading of the farmer and the members of his
busy household, the most diligent and thrifty
of which is the farmer's wife, and when can
she find time to read? The real problem
seems to be not so much how to get books
into the homes but how to make the rural
population so ardently desire to read that they
will and can make and take the time to do so.
Remedies through the medium of the school
libraries, which in most instances have a ma-
jority of books wholly suitable for adult read-
ers and which in her district are supplemented
by public library books, were suggested for
the uncultured state of the average rural
home.
Miss Jane I. Schenck. another district su-
perintendent of Chenango county, with head-
quarters at Greene, spoke of the rural school
libraries, the conditions which exist in her ter-
ritory and presumably in most others, and
then narrated instances where work had been
done by the tdacher-librarian which has caused
the little children to feel the joy there is in
books.
August, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
605
J. S. Childs, of Oxford, another district su<
perintendent in Chenango county, brought this
session to a close by a brief discussion of the
"Book agent" who places most of the books
in the rural schools without thought for the
existing conditions in any one of them. Vis-
iting librarians and friends were then invited
to the home of Mrs. Summers, librarian of
the Moore Memorial Library, where they were
entertained at a most delightful five o'clock
tea party.
The Southern Tier Library Club and the
two hundred citizens of Greene, who filled the
library's auditorium, agreed that Mr. J. I.
Wyer, Jr's presence was a great honor to the
Southern Tier. Only a vast deal of thought
and considerable hard work could have pre-
sented so many and such absorbingly interest-
ing facts as were brought out at the evening
session in his address "What Americans
read." The degree to which newspapers are
read, the extent to which magazines are cir-
culated and certain books assimilated and the
comparative merits and demerits of these and
other American reading matter, provided much
food for thought and discussion. He pre-
sented truths not especially flattering to the
profession ; and as a result this study of what
the nation reads and what the community
which centers about the library should be
subtly induced to read, will be more *han ever
among the first interests of the Southern Tier
this year.
Then came the reception at which the vis-
iting librarians were again entertained, this
time by the wives of the trustees of the Moore
Memorial Library. It was one more of the
delightful events of the meeting, enjoyed the
more because of the prevailing cordiality.
Mrs. Adelaide Bowles Maltby, librarian of
the Tompkins Square branch of the New
York Public Library, introduced the librarians
to "Work among foreigners" on Thursday
morning, May 7. She said that cold facts
show New York, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania,
New Jersey, Illinois, and California to have
the greatest number of foreign born, and the
population of New York state to be one-third
foreign born. In the eight counties repre-
sented in the Southern Tier Library Club
there is a total of 26,540 foreigners, one-half
of whom are in Elmira and Binghamton.
She asked if the librarians had made the ac-
quaintance of these 26,540 people and knew
what they read or were reading? Or did they
know how the 1770 foreign illiterates in the
same territory obtain amusement? She
touched upon the influence of the illiterates
and the foreign born upon the morals of the
town; and the librarians were urged to pre-
pare for this work in advance and to promote
the movement to educate these citizens-to-be.
Mrs. Maltby's illuminating paper and talk
was followed by a good, plain, practical, com-
mon sense demonstration on "Books, their
care and repair," by Miss Jane Crissey of the
Troy Public Library. It was all this because
she understood repairs must be made in a
hurry most times in most libraries and she did
it in the easiest and most practical way, dem-
onstrating, too, that book repairing is both a
useful and a fine art.
Thursday afternoon was given over wholly
to the cheerful and entertaining theme "Books"
by way of a book symposium conducted by
Mrs. Kate Deane Andrew of Elmira. To
know the personality of the conductor speaks
more clearly than words can how entertaining
the session became.
The Institute subject, 'Stocking the library,"
was in most able and capable hands, W. F.
Seward, of Binghamton, looking after the
interests of Part I, — "Selecting books," and
J. W. Livingston of Marathon, taking care
that Part 2, — "Buying books" was properly
and economically done throughout the South-
ern Tier. The syllabus was spoken of as
being very well prepared by the Institute Com-
mittee of the New York Library Association
and also as being very complete, and it was
urged that it deserved being taken *:ome and
thoroughly studied.
In "A blessed companion is a book," Mrs.
Susan S. Kirby, of Bainbridge, spoke of the
lover of books as being the richest and hap-
piest of the children of men; that her ideal
for us as librarians is that we may be able
to give an impulse to our boys and girls for
the best. Then we shall have been true to
our trust and to our high calling.
Interesting reviews of interesting books by
Mary I. White, of New Berlin; Mary A. Fer-
guson, of Homer; Lillian J. Emerson, of Ox-
ford; Jennie Kennedy, of Dryden, and Kate
Strong Peck, of Binghamton, brought this
session to a termination.
The resolutions returned by its committee
evidenced a pleasurable, profitable and inspira-
tional meeting, where a goodly number of
teachers, district superintendents and others
interested in library affairs in addition to the
library workers themselves, enjoyed the best
meeting the Southern Tier librarians have
been privileged to 'plan and carry out.
Officers for the year 1914-1915, are: Presi-
dent, Mrs. Mary Summers, Greene ; vice-pres-
ident, Mrs. Susan S. Kirby, Bainbridge; sec-
retary, Helen Johnstone, Binghamton; treas-
urer, Jennie A. Kennedy, Dryden.
N. LOUISE RUCKTESHLER, Secretary.
6o6
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[August, 191
NEW YORK LIBRARY CLUB
The last meeting of the New Yonc Library
Club for the year 1913-14 was held Thursday
afternoon, May 14, at the Washington Irving
High School, the president, Miss Mary W.
Plummer, in the chair. The business was post-
poned until the close of the program, and Miss
Plummer presented the special subject of the
meeting — "Immigration ; a. How it affects New
York City ; b. How New York City affects the
immigrant."
The first speaker was Mr. Henry C. Wright,
deputy commissioner of the department of
charities. Mr. Wright said that one particular
phase of the work had been the examination
carried on the past few years by the Board
of Estimate in attempting to determine how
many aliens the hospitals and almshouses are
caring for. In connection with this, they had
found it advisable to look into the history of
how the problem had been treated previously,
and Mr. Wright then gave an interesting ac-
count of the various laws passed from 1824 to
the present time — first by the city and later by
the state — outlining the general conditions re
suiting. He referred to the work at Bellevue
as carried on at present by the physicians and
social workers, and indicated the value of such
investigations. Since the health problem is
one of the larger ones, the suggestion has been
made that health headquarters be established
by districts, thus allowing a systematic form
of neighborhood work on a basis of health and
sanitation.
The second speaker was Mr. Burdette C.
Lewis, deputy commissioner, department of
public correction. Mr. Lewis said that the
problem of the immigrant has become one not
of race, but of economic conditions. That the
immigrant is particularly prone to crime is an
exploded theory, but aside from any criminal
aspect, there are many economic difficulties to
be met. In many instances the immigrants
should be put into industrial schools and
trained in economic relations. Mr. Lewis also
referred to the home relations of the parents
and children and the problems arising because
of the rapid development of the latter, with
the result that family regard and respect is
often broken down.
The club was fortunate in having as its next
speaker Congressman William S. Bennet, who
gave a most informing and witty address. Mr.
Bennet said, in part : "When the immigrants
land, they do not drift, but 98 per cent, know
where they are going and what they are going
to do. Politically, the foreign element is most
hopeful; the immigrant has no background of
politics, but determines his vote from a moral
standpoint, and more and more the foreign
element will lend force to every moral appe;
to the electoral. Economically, this elemei
will contribute to progress, since foreignei
possess thrift and ability to save. We are n<
going to break up as a country because tt
foreign-born are coming. As far as physic;
conditions of the immigrants now coming ii
there never has been a time when more cat
was given to matters of health, and the systei
of inspection on this side not only stops 25,00
per year here, but 100,000 from the othe
side."
Mr. Bennet was followed by Joseph Maype
who spoke most interestingly of the exper
ences of the immigrant from the time he lane
until he has been deported or placed in a
asylum. "The immigrant gets off at the ban;
office with a slip giving the address of tl
place where he wants to go. A few years ag
there were irresponsible people waiting 1
meet the immigrant, offering to take them 1
these addresses at a charge of $10. The Ame
ican Civic League took up the matter and o
ganized an Immigrant Guide and Trans f<
Service, agreeing to give directions within
radius of twenty miles at nominal fees up i
75 cents."
Mr. Maj'per then spoke of the difficulty <
the foreigner in obtaining work and of tl
private employment agencies which until r
cently have been the only means available f<
helping the newcomer to locate. The foreign*
was therefore obliged to trust to the agenc
and many agencies were interested only in tl
fee obtained. Several instances were given <
injustice resulting from these agencies, at
Mr. Mayper then referred to the recent la
providing for a free municipal emplo
ment office, which, under aggressive manag
ment, is doing much to improve the situ
tion.
At the conclusion of the addresses a risii
vote of thanks to the speakers was given.
President Plummer then introduced the re
ular business before the annual meeting. T!
report of the treasurer was read and accepte
to be placed on file. Miss Mary E. Hall, chai
man of the committee on school libraries, thj
reported briefly. No other reports were rea
but all reports are to be printed in full in t
June issue of the club Bulletin. An electi<
of officers for the ensuing year rer.ulted
follows : President, Mr. Edward F. Stever
librarian, Pratt Institute Free Library; vie
president, Mr. Frederick W. Jenkins, libraria
Russell Sage Foundation; secretary, Mi
Eleanor H. Frick, librarian, American Socie
Civil Engineers; treasurer, Mr. Robert
Smith, assistant reference librarian, Brookl;
Public library. Council : Miss Florence Ove
August, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
607
ton, Miss Josephine A. Rathbone, Mr. Fred-
erick C. Hicks, Mr. H. M. Lydenberg.
Twenty- six names were presented for mem-
bership and elected.
ETHEL H. BUDINGTON, Secretary.
A special meeting of the New York Li-
brary Club was held at the New York Public
Library, Monday, June 29, 1914, at 4 p.m.,
President Edward F. Stevens in the chair.
As the meeting had been called to consider
the proposal of consolidation made by the
Long Island Library Club, the president read
the statement which he had presented to the
Council on the occasion of their meeting with
the special committee of the Long Island
Club, delegated by that club at its last annual
meeting in May.
The resolutions passed by the Council rec-
ommending consolidation were then read, and
the following resolutions were thereupon
unanimously adopted :
Resolved, That the New York Library Club in-
vites the Long Island Library Club to consolidate
with the New York Library Club.
Resolved, That if the Long Island Library Club
accepts the invitation of the New York Library Club
to consolidate, the members of the Long Island Li-
brary Club thereby become members of the New York
Library Club, and the dues of all members of the
Long Island Library Club be considered paid until
Jan. i, 1915.
As the consolidation, if effected, would
necessitate the retirement of the present offi-
cers of the New York Library Club pending
a new election, the president's intention to
ask the present standing committees to hold
over until consolidation with the Long Island
Library Club had been consummated was
approved.
Adjourned.
ELEANOR H. FRICK, Secretary.
LONG ISLAND LIBRARY CLUB
The annual meeting of the Long Island Li-
brary Club was held at The Arms Hotel, Far
Rockaway, Wednesday, May 21, at 3:30 p.m.
The annual report of the treasurer was read
and approved. Before Learing the report of
the committee on nominations, the president,
Miss Hassler, asked Mr. Stevens to speak to
the club on his plan for reorganization. Mr.
Stevens said that he spoke as a member of the
Long Island Library Club and also as a mem-
ber of the New York Library Club. He felt
the time had come when library interests would
be best served by the union of these two clubs ;
that the different boroughs of Greater New
York were becoming more closely united be-
cause of better transit facilities ; that many
members of the Long Island Club were active
in both clubs; that it was difficult to attend
the meetings of each, and that there was a
feeling that one could not be loyal to both.
Mr. Stevens said the idea was to reorganize
both clubs on a new basis, with new officers
and new constitutions, and that he, as presi-
dent-elect of the New York Library Club,
would not stand for re-election.
Miss Rathbone then presented a resolution
authorizing the executive committee to confer
with the executive board of the New York
Library Club on the question, the terms to be
submitted to the Long Island Library Club for
ratification.
After much discussion, in which it was
suggested the scope of the proposed reor-
ganization be enlarged to include the state
associations of New York, New Jersey and
Connecticut, it was "Resolved, That a special
committee of three be appointed to consider
the question of the continuance of the Long
Island Library Club, and with authority to
confer with the New York Library Club as to
consolidation." It was also decided to call a
special meeting of the club to consider the re-
port of this committee.
The committee on nominations then re-
ported that because of the uncertainty as to
the club's future the present officers be held
over for another year, or until the proposed
reorganization : President, Miss Harriott E.
Hassler; vice-president, Miss Julia Hopkins;
secretary, Miss Eleanor Roper ; treasurer, Miss
Gwendolen Brown ; executive committee, Miss
Josephine A. Rathbone, Miss Clara W. Hunt,
Miss Miriam S. Draper and Mrs. Flora de
Gogorza.
The president announced the contribution of
$5 by the club towards the Leipzig exhibit,
and then introduced Miss Van Valkenburgh,
of the New York Public Library School. She
gave a very delightful talk on "Birds," in
which she said the country wasn't necessary
for the study of birds ; that in the city parks
of New York she had seen an eagle, scarlet
tanager, and many other rare specimens ; that
with an opera glass and a good book it was
perfectly possible for any one to learn about
birds. She mentioned Reed's "Bird guide east
of the Rocky mountains" as especially good
for the pictures, and "Birds in the city parks"
as supplementing Reed with excellent descrip-
tion.
Mr. Frank Place, of the New York Academy
of Medicine Library, followed with a paper on
the delights of tramping. He made one feel
the freedom, the independence, the beauty of
the changing seasons, and the benefit to be
derived from this antithesis of the indoor work
of the library.
6o8
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[August, 1914
The program closed with a very charming
paper on a "Back yard garden" by Miss Julia
Wheelock, of Pratt Institute Free Library.
Her beautiful description of this little bit of
earthly paradise made up of all varieties of
lovely growing things, of memories, and of
projects to come, made one realize that inspi-
ration and enthusiasm know no limitations,
and that a city back yard can be made a thing
of beauty and a joy forever. The garden has
given pleasure not only to herself, but to all
who see it — friends, maid, plumber, laundress,
and grocer's boy — and is even proving an in-
spiration to some to go and do likewise.
The meeting then adjourned. Coffee was
served to those members who stayed for sup-
per and a stroll on the beach.
ELEANOR ROPER, Secretary.
NEW HAMPSHIRE LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
The twenty-fifth annual meeting of the New
Hampshire Library Association was held at
the Public Library, Rochester, June 16 and
17, and proved to be a very interesting and
successful gathering.
Headquarters were at the City Hotel, where
those attending the meeting assembled for
dinner at 6.30 and a most enjoyable hour was
spent, this new feature of the meetings being
voted a success. At eight o'clock adjourn-
ment was made to the hall of the public li-
brary, where the association was welcomed to
Rochester by the mayor, the Hon. F. B. Pres-
ton, who in a few words assured the members
of a cordial reception. The president then in-
troduced Miss Mary P. Farr, library organ-
izer of the state of Maryland. Miss Farr
told of the struggles which the people of that
state have had and are having to procure and
maintain any libraries. She pictured very
clearly the earnestness, pluck, and determina-
tion which a few interested people of Mary-
land have shown in their desire for libraries.
She related many of her experiences, and
made those who heard her feel that the peo-
ple of New Hampshire should show more
appreciation of their advantages and work
together to make the most of them.
The business session of Wednesday morning
was unusually interesting. The reports of
the secretary and treasurer were read and
approved, following which there was a dis-
cussion on the advisability of affiliation with
the A. L. A. It was not thought wise at the
present time to take such a step.
The matter of dividing the state into dis-
tricts for supervision and the campaign for
a state organizer were heartily approved of,
and the executive committee was empowered
to take whatever action it should deem neces-
sary to accomplish these ends.
By request Mrs. Barren Shirley, the presi-
dent, read a paper which was given at Wood-
stock, Vt., on "What people ask for." This
was greatly enjoyed and heartily received.
The remainder of the session was filled with
informal discussions on pay collections, re-
serve systems, and the tenor of the present-
day magazines.
After a hearty vote of thanks to the libra-
rian, trustees, and assistants of the Rochester
Public Library for the cordial hospitality re-
ceived, the meeting adjourned.
The following officers were elected for 1914-
15 : president, Mrs. Barren Shirley, Franklin ;
first vice-president, Miss Mary L. Saxton,
Keene ; second vice-president, Miss Elsie Gas-
kin, Derry ; secretary, Miss Caroline B. Clem-
ent, Manchester; treasurer, Miss Annabell C.
Secombe, Milford.
CAROLINE B. CLEMENT, Secretary.
MASSACHUSETTS LIBRARY CLUB
The Massachusetts Library Club met at
Worcester, May 14, 1914. Because of the
meeting of the A. L. A. in Washington, May
25-30, it was thought wise to plan this one-
day business meeting this spring, with the
expectation of arranging a two or three days'
meeting during the fall in some of the state's
beautiful western hill towns.
Mr. Belden's statements for the Free Public
Library Commission included an acknowledge-
ment of the Massachusetts Library Club's
good offices in actively supporting the legisla-
tion recommended by the Commission ; an an-
nouncement of the regretted resignation of
Miss Zaidee Brown, agent for the Commis-
sion, and the temporary appointment of Miss
E. Louise Jones in her place ; a report of two
legislative acts of importance, one allowing
greater freedom in the loan of books from
public libraries, the other discontinuing the
publication of the serial public documents of
the state and making yearly application to the
secretary of the Commonwealth compulsory
upon the part of those who wish the reports of
individual departments.
The treasurer's report, and the report of the
finance committee with the following recom-
mendations causing some slight changes in the
wording of several articles of the constitu-
tion, were adopted : To be retained, personal
membership dues at fifty cents a year as at
present ; to be. created, sustaining memberships
with dues from one to ten dollars a year, in-
stitutional memberships at five dollars a year,
and life memberships at twenty dollars.
August, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
609
•
Mr. Belden reported for the committee on
co-operation, that a meeting of the local secre-
taries who had been appointed for every dis-
trict of the state, would be postponed until fall.
He called to the attention of the Club the list
distributed by the Massachusetts Free Public
Library Commission on "Books about America
for new Americans," compiled by Ida F. Farrar.
It was voted that the recommendations of
the executive committee on the affiliation of
local clubs, -with representation on the execu-
tive committee and without fees, be referred
to the incoming executive committee for fur-
ther action. To the same committee it was
voted to refer the question of constitutional
revision. This committee is also requested to
consider a subscription price for the Massa-
chusetts Library Club Bulletin.
Miss Louise M. Hooper, chairman of the
committee on nominations, presented the fol-
lowing names, and the secretary cast one bal-
lot by which they were elected. For president,
Mr. J. Randolph Coolidge, jr., trustee of the
Boston Athenaeum; vice-president, Miss Ger-
trude E. Forrest, librarian of the Milton Pub-
lic Library, Mr. Orlando C. Davis, librarian of
the Waltham Public Library, Mr. Charles R.
Green, librarian of the Massachusetts Agricul-
tural College, Amherst; secretary, Mr. John G.
Moulton, librarian of the Public Library,
Haverhill; treasurer, Mr. George L. Lewis,
librarian of the Westfield Athenaeum; re-
corder, Miss Eugenia M. Henry, librarian of
the Public Library, Attleborough.
The secretary brought to the Club's attention
the work of Mr. Homer, who for several years
has been working on a list of the periodicals
in the city of Boston and vicinity. The list has
been completed through the letter A, and the
compiler wishes to publish it if he can receive
financial support. Further information can be
obtained from Mr. Belden of the State Library,
Mr. Wadlin of the Boston Public Library, or
Mr. Moulton, of the Haverhill Public Library.
The business of the Club completed, the
afternoon session was given to the address of
the world-known authority on child study, Dr.
G. Stanley Hall of Clark University.
EUGENIA M. HENRY, Recorder.
SOUTHERN WORCESTER LIBRARY CLUB
The Southern Worcester Library Club held
its seventeenth meeting in the Ashland Public
Library, May 26. Mr. William W. Bryant,
trustee of the Cobb Library, Byrantville,
addiessed the club on the "Duties of trustees."
After the reading of a poem on the "Duties of
a librarian," each librarian responded to roll-
call with a few words on profitable books for
ildren. An informal discussion on book se-
lection and buying followed. Mrs. E. M. Ar-
nold, the president, appointed a nominating
committee of three to report at the next meet-
ing a list of officers for the ensuing year, said
committee to consist of Miss Franklin, of
Bellingham; Mrs. Smith, of South Hopedale;
Miss Wilbur, of Hopkinton. At the close of
the session the club visited the historical room.
ETHELWYN BLAKE, Secretary
BAY PATH LIBRARY CLUB
The annual meeting of the Bay Path Li-
brary Club was held at North Brookfield,
Mass., June 4.
The program covered "Working conditions
in small libraries," discussed by Mr. Robert
K. Shaw, librarian, Worcester Free Public
Library; Miss Winifred S. Farrell, librarian,
Free Public Library, Brookfield, and Miss
Mary D. Thurston, librarian, Free Public Li-
brary, Leicester. "Local advertising in small
towns" was discussed by Miss Florence E.
Wheeler, librarian, Free Public Library, Leo-
minster, Miss Mabel E. Knowlton, librarian,
Free Public Library, Shrewsbury, Miss Ella
E. Miersch, librarian, Free Public Library,
Southbridge. Miss M. Anna Tarbell, libra-
rian, Free Public Library, Brimfield, gave a
most interesting talk on "Connecting the li-
brary with community interest/' covering the
work done in her own town, and proving that
the community interest embodies the library
interest.
Miss Grace W. Wood, reference and art
librarian in the Worcester Public Library,
read a practical paper on the "Dramatic pos-
sibilities in country schools," followed by a
list of suggestive books. Dr. Idella M. Ed-
wards read a paper on the "Library public,"*
giving an opportunity to see ourselves as,
others see us. She made a strong plea for
the library to meet the public on its own in-
tellectual level, urging less uplift for weary
workers and more satisfying literature — ac-
cording to the demand.
The following officers were elected for the
year: president, Mrs. Clara A. Fuller, Ox-
ford; honorary vice-president, Miss M. Anna
Tarbell, Brimfield; vice-presidents, Miss
Mary D. Thurston, Leicester, and Miss Nellie
L. Smith, North Brookfield; secretary, Miss
Florence E. Wheeler, Leominster ; treasurer,
Mrs. Grace M. Whittemore, Hudson.
FLORENCE E. WHEELER, Secretary.
CONNECTICUT LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
The spring meeting of the Connecticut Li-
brary Association was held on Friday, June
19, in the Prosser Public Library, at Bloom-
field. President Charles S. Thayer presided.
6io
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[August, 1914
Mr. Alfred N. Filley, president of the di-
rectors of the Prosser Library, welcomed the
association to Bloomfield, after which Miss
Anna Hadley, librarian of the Gilbert School
at Winsted, gave an informal outline of her
experiences at the meeting of the American
Library Association at Washington. In spite
of the unusual numbers in attendance and the
variety of attractions for sightseers, Miss
Hadley pronounced the 1914 meeting most in-
spiring and helpful.
Miss Hadley was followed by Dr. Galpin,
professor of Romance languages in Trinity
College, Hartford. In Dr. Galpin's paper the
association enjoyed a rare treat. The speaker
confined his criticism to the French novels of
the nineteenth century. He began with the
romanticists, whose writings, usually sad and
world weary, often prove too gloomy for the
taste of the present-day American reader. The
realists came next, and based their fiction on
facts of science. The century closed with the
naturalists, who dwelt on the seamy side of
life, and to them is due the common idea that
the French novel is better avoided.
At the close of the session Mr. Thayer an-
nounced the appointment of Miss Esther B.
Owen as treasurer of the organization, to
take the place of Miss Stedman, resigned.
The afternoon session opened with the read-
ing and accepting of the reports of the secre-
tary and treasurer. The place of the fall
meeting was then discussed. The remainder
of the afternoon was devoted to the discus-
sion of "The library and the rural commun-
ity." Mr. Charles R. Green, of Amherst Agri-
cultural College, described the extension work
done by his library. Small selections of books
and pamphlets are chosen with great care and
sent to public libraries asking for them. The
term "agriculture" is interpreted in its broad-
est sense, embracing such subjects as "elec-
tricity on the farm," "home economics," etc.
The library contains a large collection of
pamphlets on agricultural subjects. It also
does extensive work in the way of answering
questions sent by mail.
"The library and the church" was the sub-
ject treated by the Rev. William F. English,
of East Windsor. He felt that the church
must enter into the recreations of its people
in order to live. Mr. English described his
library experience in some detail, and his dis-
cussion of specific books that he has used
with success lent to his address a very human
interest.
Miss Whitney, of the Connecticut Agricul-
tural College, outlined the work done by the
state in the way of library extension, and
Mrs. Belle Holcomb Johnson told of the ac-
tivities of the Connecticut Library Commis-
sion. Mrs. Johnson stated that the country
libraries are inclining to extend their borders,
limiting their loans as little as possible. When
a town is a center of trade, it seems fitting
that the privileges of the library be extended
to the hamlets that help to support its indus-
tries. Library work in the country is often
helped very much by the clergy. Mrs. John-
son showed that Connecticut has fallen some-
what behind the other states in her work
with schools. This condition, however, is
changing for the better.
After a brief discussion, a motion was car-
ried that a vote of thanks be extended to the
hosts for their kind and hospitable entertain-
ment.
EDITH McH. STEELE, Secretary.
PENNSYLVANIA LIBRARY CLUB
The last meeting of the Pennsylvania Li-
brary Club for the year 1913-1914 was held in
the auditorium of the Academy of Natural
Sciences on Monday evening, May n.
In the absence of the president (Dr. Adler),
Dr. Thomson presided. After disposing of a
few items of business, the treasurer's report
for the year was read and accepted, after
which the following ticket for the year 1914-
1915 was voted on and elected: President,
Thomas Lynch Montgomery ; first vice-presi-
dent, Frederick N. Morton; second vice-presi-
dent, Anna A. MacDonald ; secretary, Jean E.
Graffen ; treasurer, Bertha S. Wetzell.
Dr. Thomson introduced Dr. Edward J.
Nolan, of the Academy of Natural Sciences,
who gave an interesting and descriptive talk
of the men who had made the academy what
it is to-day. Dr. Witmer Stone, the ornitholo-
gist of the academy, followed Dr. Nolan, and
gave some interesting facts regarding the
museum of the academy, past and present.
At the close of the meeting the library and
museum were open for inspection, and all
were glad of the opportunity offered to view
its treasures.
J. E. GRAFFEN, Secretary.
KEYSTONE STATE LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
The fourteenth annual meeting of the Key-
stone State Library Association will be held
at Wernersville, Pa., Oct. 15-17, with Galen
Hall as the headquarters.
The program gives promise of the meeting's
being the most interesting in the history of
the organization. The business session will be
held on the evening of Oct. 15, after which
there will be an informal social and "get
acquainted" session.
August, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
611
The sessions following on Friday and Sat-
urday will have for their general topic "The
library as an influence on the civic life of the
community," and the discussions will be led by
Miss Corinne Bacon, who will speak of the
selection of fiction for public libraries ; Miss
Alice S. Tyler, director of the Western Re-
serve Library School, whose subject will be
library extension; Dr. Samuel McChord
Crothers, of Cambridge, Mass., who will dis-
cuss certain features of library work from the
standpoint of one outside of the profession ;
Dr. Scott Nearing, of the University of Penn-
sylvania, whose subject will be "Some recent
developments in social and economic liter-
ature," and Miss Caroline Griest, reference
librarian of the Erie Public Library, whose
paper will be on "The library and civic edu-
cation."
The usual round-table for small libraries
has been omitted, and in its place will be a
roll-call of libraries, with responses on "The
best suggestion of a year." Friday afternoon
will be left open for recreation, relaxation,
and good cheer.
The last session will close at noon on Sat-
urday, but those who can plan to stay over
until- Sunday in order to enjoy the beautiful
surroundings and the association with their
fellow workers will find it well worth while.
MABEL N. CHAMPION, Secretary.
ILLINOIS LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
The Illinois Library Association will hold
its nineteenth annual meeting at Springfield
during the week of Oct. 21 to 23, or as near
that time as possible. The program is being
planned to be practical and helpful, especially
to the smaller libraries.
CHICAGO LIBRARY CLUB
The closing meeting of the year of the Chi-
cago Library Club was held on the evening of
May 14. After dinner at Lexington Hall, the
business meeting was held in the assembly hall
of the Harper Memorial Library.
Two new members were admitted to mem-
bership in the club, ana two tendered their
resignations. Mr. Walter presented the report
of the auditing committee, which was duly
accepted, and Mr. Utley presented that of the
nominating committee, which was also ac-
cepted, and the secretary was instructed to
cast a unanimous ballot for the following
names, officers for 1914-1915 : President, Miss
Louise B. Krause, librarian with H. M. Byl-
lesby & Co. ; first vice-president, Mr. Robert J.
Usher, the John Crerar Library ; second vice-
president, Miss Helene A. Dickey, librarian
Chicago Teachers' College ; secretary, Dr.
Augustus H. Shearer, the Newberry Library;
treasurer, Mrs. Jessie Booth Perry, the Chi-
cago Public Library.
A vote of thanks was tendered to the retiring
officers for the work they have accomplished
during the past year. The incoming president,
when called upon for a speech, gave an out-
line of the work and ideals she would endeavor
to follow during her term of office.
Dr. Burton, in a happy little talk,, then
turned over Harper Memorial Library to the
club for inspection, and a most delightful
evening was spent in viewing the building
and the treasures housed in the library.
AGNES J. PETERSEN, Secretary.
COLORADO STATE LIBRARY COMMISSION
The first report of the reorganized Colo-
rado State Library Commission has been sent
to Gov. Ammons of Colorado. This com-
mission, which had been inactive for several
years, was reorganized a year ago as a result
of the efforts made by the Colorado
Library Association to secure library commis-
sion work in Colorado.
The governor appointed five librarians to
form this commission, and while no funds were
available for any work, the members of the
commission themselves decided to do all of
the volunteer work possible.
Two meetings of the commission were held
during the year. At the request of the Colo-
rado Civil Service Commission the Library
Commission co-operated with it in the prepa-
ration of examination questions for library
positions under civil service in Colorado. Three
sets of questions were prepared, assistance
was given in conducting the examination and
the papers were corrected by the commission
and the secretary of the Civil Service Com-
mission.
One questionnaire, asking for information
regarding the work of all public libraries in
Colorado, was prepared and sent out by the
commission. Another questionnaire, in regard
to the work of Colorado libraries with the
public schools of the state, will soon be sent
out.
The directories of the country credit the
state of Colorado with but 28 public libraries,
but the questionnaire of the commission shows
that there are between 40 and 50 such libraries
in the state.
Some work was done by the commission in
library organization. The members of the
library board at Golden, Colo., were given help
several times by the commission, and advice
was given as to the purchase of supplies and
the formulation of general rules and policies.
Correspondence in regard to the establishment
6l2
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[August, 1914
of new libraries was conducted in six cities
and towns. A number of lists were compiled
and distributed by the commissioners to vari-
ous libraries in the state. Assistance in clas-
sification and cataloging was given to the
Fort Morgan Public Library, Fort Morgan
High School Library, State Preparatory School
Library and Boulder Public Library.
At their own expense the members of the
commission have visited twenty public libra-
ries. Close co-operation has been effected
between the commission and the Colorado
Library Association. As a result of this co-
operation, five copies of the Occasional Leaf-
let have been distributed, free of cost, to
every Colorado library and two exhibits of
books have been made at conventions.
The members of the Colorado Library Com-
mission are : Chalmers Hadley, Denver Public
Library, president; Charlotte A. Baker, State
Agricultural College, Fort Collins, secretary;
C. Henry Smith, librarian University of Colo-
rado; Albert F. Carter, librarian State Teach-
ers' College; and Lucy W. Baker, librarian
Public Library, Colorado Springs.
TEXAS LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
The twelfth meeting of the Texas Library
Association was held at Austin, April 29 to
May 2. The evening session of April 30 was
devoted to "School libraries," and the pro-
gram consisted of three addresses: "Children's
reading" by J. Carlton Bell, professor of the
art of teaching in the University of Texas;
"Rural school libraries" by H. T. Musselman,
editor of Texas School Magazine, Dallas, and
"High school libraries" by J. L. Henderson,
visitor of schools, University of Texas. The
point made was that the school library has a
vital function to perform in supplying suit-
able reading matter to the child, but that school
libraries were few in number and inferior in
quality in this state and not suited to the work
they should accomplish.
The second session, or the meeting Friday
forenoon, consisted of round table discussions
of such topics as bookbuying, periodicals, pub-
licity, accessioning, library bookkeeping, inter-
library loans, traveling libraries and a library
summer school. There were many new comers
in attendance and these discussions afforded an
excellent opportunity for getting acquainted.
At the University of Texas Library, the largest
in the state, the accession book has been dis-
carded and the order cards are used instead.
The Library and Historical Commission has
made progress along most of the lines of work
committed to its care, but through inability to
secure appropriations it has done nothing to
inaugurate traveling libraries. The Commis-
sion recently appealed to the Texas Federation
of Women's Clubs to lend assistance in this
work, and good results are confidently ex-
pected. The need of instruction in library
work at some point within the state was thor-
oughly discussed. At least ten persons at-
tended library summer schools last summer,
and others would have gone if the expense
had not been so great. A resolution was
adopted expressing the hearty concurrence of
the Association in urging the introduction of
instruction in library work by the University
of Texas.
An address by P. L. Windsor, librarian of
the University of Illinois Library, was the
chief feature of the evening session Friday.
Mr, Windsor took for the subject of his dis-
cussion the functions of the library and the
work of the librarian in the community.
The principal address of the meeting on
Saturday forenoon was a description by Dr.
Herman G. James of the working of the
Bureau of Municipal Research recently es-
tablished in connection with the School of
Government in the University of Texas.
At the business meeting on Friday after-
noon, officers were elected for the ensuing year
as follows : President, Miss Elizabeth H. West,
State Library, Austin; vice-presidents, Miss
Cornelia Notz, Carnegie Library, San Antonio,
and Miss Ethel Pitcher, Carnegie Library,
Tyler ; secretary, John E. Goodwin, University
of Texas Library, Austin; treasurer, Miss Lil-
lian Gunter, Carnegie Library, Gainesville.
The following resolution was adopted with
respect to a gift recently bestowed : "Resolved,
that the Texas Library Association hereby sig-
nifies its pleasure in the patriotic and timely
gift of Major George W. Littlefield to the
University of Texas of the sum of $25,000 for
a Southern history fund."
CALIFORNIA LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
The 1914 handbook of the association, con-
taining the proceedings of the annual meet-
ing of 1913, has made its appearance. Be-
sides the report of the meeting at Santa
Barbara, with papers read, the lists of offi-
cers, committees, and members, the constitu-
tion, and a list of the society's publications,
are included.
UTAH LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
The Utah Library Association held its third
annual meeting in Salt Lake City, June 1-2,
1914, with sixty-five members in attendance.
Dr. E. G. Gowans, the president, opened the
convention Monday morning with a cordial
address of welcome. He also spoke of the
importance of the public library in the small
August, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
6l3
town, saying that while the larger cities were
well cared for in the way of public libraries,
our smaller towns had been neglected in this
important matter. He spoke at length on the
welfare of the child, declaring that the ten-
dency to regard library work as separate and
distinct is a great mistake, for it is very
closely connected with child welfare. Social
progress depends directly on the relation that
exists between any generation and the next
succeeding one, and the parents of this gen-
eration have separated themselves very wide-
ly from the next in the matter of amuse-
ments and recreation. All the moral forces
in every town in the state should be or-
ganized for the betterment of the child.
While the public schools are so well organ-
ized that they are the center of this work, all
other powers should join together to see that
nothing which can be done for the uplift of
the child is neglected. President Gowans then
introduced Miss Mary E. Downey, who has
been making a library survey of the state.
She has visited every town having any li-
brary activity,, and has given a general review
of Utah library conditions and many sugges-
tions as to how to meet them. She told of
the progress the state is making to advance
its library interests and of the readiness of
the people to respond to every means of en-
lightenment. She spoke of the wonderful
building activity everywhere manifest, in
which the library has a part, and of the co-
operation of various organizations, school,
church and club, in advancing the library
movement. There is great need of books, of
training, of organization, but these things will
come and the possibilities of development are
unlimited.
State Superintendent A. C Matheson closed
the session with an address on "The relation
of the library to the school." He spoke of
the advancement that has been made in the
line of education in Utah in the last few
years and urged even greater improvement.
Cooperation between library and school should
be encouraged. The reading habit, he said, is
growing among the people of Utah, but for
that habit to continue its growth there must
be plenty of good books for the people to
read.
A trustees' session was held Monday after-
noon from 2 o'clock until 4, led by Mr. S. P.
Eggertsen, president of the Provo Public Li-
brary board. Mr. Alfred M. Nelson, trustee
Tooele Public Library, began the discussion
of "The librarian — duties and relation to the
board, attendance at board and association
meetings and summer school, hours, vacations,
salary." Mr. George F. Goodwin, trustee Salt
Lake Public Library, opened the question of
"Library expansion — branches, county, state
and school district division." Mr. L. E. Eg-
gertsen, superintendent of the Provo public
schools, presented "Cooperation between li-
brary and school — turning the school library
and book fund to the public library, circula-
tion of books through grades of schools."
General discussion of these topics followed by
Mrs. E. Crane Watson, librarian Cedar City
Public Library; Mrs. Alice Gottfredsen, libra-
rian Manti Public Library; Prof. Howard R.
Driggs, library secretary of the state Board
of Education, and Miss Mary E. Downey.
The session was full of enthusiasm.
In the evening a delightful banquet was at-
tended by members and friends of the asso-
ciation in the beautiful gold room of the Salt
Lake Commercial Club. Prof. Driggs, in happy
manner, introduced, in turn, the following
persons, who responded to toasts : Miss
Downey gave her impressions of Utah and
her people, while the audience laughed at the
marvelous things she meant to relate on going
east. Governor William H. Spry spoke of
the necessity of libraries, advocating their es-
tablishment and maintenance in every city,
town, and hamlet in the state. Books, he said,
tend to serve notice on the young of the re-
sponsibilities that stand before them and the
duties they are expected to perform when
they grow up to manhood and womanhood.
He urged state supervision of libraries, and
highly praised the activity of the state library
association. Joseph T. Kingsbury, president
of the University of Utah, commended the
library progress of the state, and suggested
means of cooperation on the part of the uni-
versity in providing training for the work.
A. C. Matheson, state superintendent of public
instruction, spoke of the general benefit of
free access to books, not only to the young,
but to men and women in view of establishing
a reading habit for greater enlightenment.
Prof. J. H. Paul gave pleasant words of en-
couragement to those actively engaged in pro-
moting the library interests of the state.
Supt. L. E. Eggertsen also told of the pleas-
ure it gave him to see the library interest de-
veloping in the state, and said he expected to
see great things accomplished. Miss Smith
said that the rule of silence in her library
could not be broken even at a banquet. Miss
Sprague expressed the wish of all connected
with her library to be helpful in all that meant
general interest in the work of the state. Dr.
Gowans spoke of the spirit of play that should
always enter such festive occasions. He still
614
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[August, 1914
wished that the gymnasium might be prac-
tically combined with the library movement.
Mrs. Lizzie T. Edwards and Mrs. Howard R.
Driggs sang beautiful selections at intervals
through the feast and program.
A librarians' round table was led by Miss
Downey on Tuesday morning. Miss Sprague
talked on "Teaching the use of a library to
high school students," emphasizing the coop-
eration of the library supervisor in the public
schools and the library staff in this work.
Miss Smith presented a paper on "How to
use a library as applied to college students."
Miss Downey then adapted the subject to the
smaller town, school and library. Mrs. Gil-
lespie and Mr. Eggertsen continued the dis-
cussion. General discussion of problems of
library administration followed, including
building, the budget, arrangement of libraries,
methods of increasing books and circulation,
completing periodical files for reference, pay
collections, care of clippings, pamphlets and
periodicals, and book and magazine selection
and purchase.
Tuesday afternoon's session was held at the
University of Utah. Prof. Howard R. Driggs
gave an address on "Stories and story telling,"
in which he showed the great part the story
is playing in our modern life.
The business meeting followed. The asso-
ciation voted to affiliate with the American
Library Association. Committees on legisla-
tion, publicity, library and school, membership
and program were authorized. The advan-
tage of holding meetings of the association in
other places as well as in Salt Lake City
was discussed. The nominating committee re-
ported the following officers, who were elected
for the ensuing year : president, S. P. Eggert-
sen ; first vice-president, Johanna Sprague ;
second vice-president, Esther Nelson ; secre-
tary and treasurer, A. M. Nelson.
The meeting adjourned to attend the re-
ception and visit the library in the new ad-
ministration building of the University of
Utah. The Summer Library School contin-
ued directly after the meeting of the Utah
Library Association.
MARY E. DOWNEY.
Xtbrars Scfoools
NEW YORK STATE LIBRARY SCHOOL
The school was represented at the A. L. A.
conference in Washington by three faculty
members and eighteen students. Many former
students were also in attendance. Those resi-
dent in the District of Columbia gave a recep-
tion to the New York State Library School
in the rooms of the Home Club on the after-
noon of Tuesday, May 26. Because of the dif-
ficulty of collecting so large a number in any
one place at any one time under the prevail-
ing rooming conditions, the usual annual din-
ner was omitted. Everett R. Perry, librarian
of the Los Angeles Public Library, was elected
president, and Harriet R. Peck, librarian of the
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, was re-elect-
ed secretary-treasurer of the association for
1914-15, at a meeting presided over by the re-
tiring president, Bessie Sargeant Smith of the
Cleveland Public Library.
Mr. Leonard W. Hatch, chief of the bureau
of statistics and information of the New York
State Department of Labor, spoke to the school
on June 2, his subject being "Literature con-
cerning labor." June 10, Mr. Royal B. Farnum
spoke on "Books on the arts," discussing the
various types of books suitable for the differ-
ent classes of library patrons interested in the
fine arts.
. The regular school exercises closed Friday,
June 26. Following the custom of the past
two or three years, there was no formal com-
mencement. Mr. Wyer gave a brief address
to both classes on the 24th, outlining some of
the most important things necessary to insure
professional advancement.
The class of 1893 has presented two large
bas reliefs (Orpheus and Eurydice and a
Nike) to the school. The class of 1909 is
presenting a framed portrait of Dr. Herbert
Putnam, similar in size and style to the other
portraits of prominent librarians which are
now in the school rooms. The class of 1901,
which has already presented three pictures of
typical library buildings, has presented a
fourth, that of the Utica Public Library, as
typical of the medium sized public library.
Miss Woodworth, assisted by R. L. Walkley
of the class of 1913, has collected an interest-
ing group of pictures of libraries in which the
class of 1913 were employed April I, 1914.
Thirty different positions are included, one in
Denmark and the other twenty-nine in four-
teen different states from Massachusetts to
Washington. Fourteen of these were in pub-
lic libraries, three in state libraries, seven in
college libraries, one in a normal college
library, one in a county library, one in a high
school library, two in library commissions,
and one in a Y. M. C. A. library. Only five
of the thirty-five members of the class are not
now in library work. Three of these left before
the end of the first year, one to resume teach-
ing, one to be married, and one on account of
illness contracted before entering the school.
The other two are temporarily out of library
work on account of slight ill-health.
August, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
615
SUMMER SESSION
The summer session closed Wednesday,
July 15. The work this year, as stated in the
preliminary announcements, was divided into
two parts of three weeks each. The work of
the first part of the course was devoted to the
discussion of bibliography (trade and sub-
ject), government documents and reference
work. The instructors were J. I. Wyer, Jr.,
W. S. Biscoe, and F. K. Walter. The second
part, devoted to cataloging and classification,
was conducted by Miss Jean Hawkins and
Miss Jennie D. Fellows. Twenty-seven were
in attendance during the six weeks, 17 attend-
ing the first and 22 the second part. The list
of those in attendance with the libraries from
which they came, follows :
LIST OF STUDENTS
AMBLER, EVA R., B.A., Keuka College, 1906, Keuka
Park, N. Y. Librarian (elect) Keuka College,
Keuka Park.
**CLARK, GENEVIEVE, Hudson Falls, N. Y. Librarian,
Hudson Falls Free Library.
**COLEMAN, HENRIETTE, Goshen, N. Y. Librarian,
Goshen Library and Historical Society.
CUMMINGS, MARGARET C., New York, N. Y. Assist-
ant, New York City Hunter College Library.
DANCY, CAROLINE F., Memphis, Tenn. Assistant in
charge of school work, Cossitt Library, Memphis.
tDAWSON, LENA R., Castleton-on-Hudson, N. Y. As-
sistant, New York State Library, Albany.
**£GBERT, MABEL, Wilkinsburg, Pa. Cataloger, Car-
negie Free Library, Braddock, Pa.
**FORRESTER, MABEL, McKeesp9rt, Pa. In charge cir-
culation department, Carnegie Free Library, Brad-
dock, Pa.
HALL, FLORENCE S., Fredonia, N. Y. Librarian, Dar-
win R. Barker Library, Fredonia.
**HAMBURGER, MRS. L. HAFFKIN, Moscow. Russia.
Assistant, Library of the First State Douma, St.
Petersburg, 1906. Organizer and lecturer, Library
courses, Snaniawsky University, Moscow, I9i2-date.
HAYFORD, SAMUEL, B.A., Columbia University, 1914,
Albany, N. Y. Librarian (elect) Central Y. M. C.
A. Albany.
*HEDGES, ETTIE C., East Hampton, N. Y. Librarian,
East Hampton Free Library.
tHoLLAND, ELVA P., Watervliet, N. Y. Assistant,
New York State Library.
KRAFFT, GERTRUDE, Chatham, N. Y. Librarian, Col-
ton (N.Y.) Public Library.
**LORING, NANO G., Owego, N. Y. Assistant libra-
rian, Coburn Free Library, Owego.
*MARTIN, WINONA C., Rockville Centre, N. Y. Li-
brarian, Rockville Centre Public Library.
MERRITT, CLARA S., Port Chester, N. Y. Substitute
librarian, Port Chester and Rye (N.Y.) Public
Libraries.
POSSONS, AMY H., Coxsackie, N. Y. Assistant li-
brarian, Heermance Mer-.orial Library, Coxsackie.
*SEARS, ELIZA B., Buffalo, N. Y. Librarian, Buffalo
Seminary.
**SIGGELKOW, ALICE M., Mt. Kisco, N. Y. Libra-
rian, Mt. Kisco Public Library.
SUTLIFF, MOLLIE, Cherry Valley, N. Y. Librarian,
Cherry Valley Public Library.
TURNBULL, ADA I., B.A., Elmira College, 1909,
Duanesburg, N. Y. Assistant (elect) Scnenectady
Public Library.
*TURNER, LOUISE G., Detroit, Mich. Assistant, Cir-
culation department, Detroit Public Library.
** VAUGHN, N. AGNES, Hudson Falls, N. Y. Libra-
rian, High School, Hudson Falls.
WAGNER, BEATRICE, Mohawk, N. Y. Librarian, Wel-
ler Library, Mohawk.
* First session only.
**Second session only.
tPart work only.
WAINWRIGHT, BELINDA E., Quincy, Mass. Custo-
dian of reading room^ West Quincy.
**WILLIAMSON, MRS. CHARLOTTE M., Raleigh, N. C.
Librarian, North Carolina College of Agriculture
and Mechanical Arts, West Raleigh.
ALUMNI NOTES
Durkee, Florence E., 1913-1914, is serving as
temporary assistant in the Galva (111.) Public
Library.
Furbeck, Mary E., 1915, will spend the sum-
mer cataloging at the Forbes Library, North-
ampton, Mass.
Hopkins, Julia A., 1895-1896, has resigned
her position as instructor in charge of the nor-
mal course at the Pratt Institute School of
Library Science to become principal of the
training classes of the Brooklyn Public
Library.
Mitchell, S. Louise, 1903-1904, left the School
of Education of the University of Chicago
June i, where she has served as assistant
librarian for the last five years, to become
librarian of the Ryerson Library, Art Institute,
Chicago.
Scranton, Henriette, 1909-1910, has resigned
the librarianship of the Elwood (Ind.) Public
Library to become librarian of the Lake Erie
College, Painesville, O.
Wallace, Ruth, 1913-1914, will go to the
Evansville (Ind.) Public Library in September
to take charge of the cataloging department.
Ward, Ruth L., 1905-1906, who has been
cataloging temporarily at the U. S. Bureau of
Education, Washington, has been appointed
librarian of one of the high schools of Newark,
N.J.
F. K. WALTER.
DREXEL INSTITUTE LIBRARY SCHOOL
The following subjects for bibliographies
were chosen by the class of 1914:
Miss Fox, Conservation of natural resources.
Miss Guilford, Wagnerian opera.
Miss Johnston, St. Francis of Assisi.
Miss Latta, The Celtic revival.
Miss Libby, Municipal ownership of public
utilities.
Miss Lingenfelter, Factory and domestic em-
ployment of women.
Miss Parker, Edinburgh, its celebrities and
associations.
Miss Pierce, Story-telling.
Miss Schultze, Compulsory insurance.
Miss Smith, Vocations for college women.
Miss Somerville, Radium.
Miss Steptoe, Prose works of S. Weir
Mitchell.
Miss Stull, The artistic home.
Miss Tafel, Pre-Shakespearean drama.
Miss Voigt, Popular books on botany.
Miss Wilson, Pompeiian ornamentation.
6i6
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[August, 1914
POSITIONS
Miss Mary B. Latta, 1914, has accepted a
position as assistant in the Free Library of
Philadelphia.
Miss Clara L. Voigt, 1914, has been appoint-
ed assistant in the New York Public Library.
Miss Helen R. Shoemaker, 1912, has re-
signed her position at Bryn Mawr College to
become librarian of the Oak Lane branch of
the Free Library of Philadelphia.
Miss Rachel Webb Haight, 1911, has re-
signed her position at the Oregon Agricultural
College, to accept the position of reference
librarian at Indiana University.
Miss Daisy B. Sabin, 1904, has accepted the
position of librarian of the Morris High
School, New York City.
Miss Marian Pierce, 1914, has been for sev-
eral months assistant in the Carnegie Library
of Pittsburgh, Pa.
Miss Margaret Forgeus, 1906, has accepted
a position as librarian of Meredith College,
Raleigh, N. C.
Miss Maud I. Stull, 1914, has been appointed
branch assistant in the New York Public
Library.
Miss Laura E. Hanson, 1897, has resigned
her position in the Apprentices' Library, Phila-
delphia, to take the position of head cata-
loger in the Library of the College of Physi-
cians and Surgeons, Philadelphia.
Miss Florence B. Custer, 1907, has been ap-
pointed librarian of the Passyunk branch of
the Free Library of Philadelphia.
Miss Katherine E. Hunt, 1907, has been ap-
pointed assistant in the catalog department of
the Free Public Library of Philadelphia.
Miss Olla B. Ayres, 1910, has been appointed
head cataloger of the Library of Cornell Uni-
versity.
Miss Elizabeth L. Kessler, 1913, has resigned
her position as librarian of the Public Library
at Edgewater, N. J.
Miss Eliza M. Fox, 1914, has been appointed
as branch assistant for the summer in the New
York Public Library.
Miss Mary R. Lingenfelter, 1914, will take
a position September I as assistant in the cata-
log department of the Free Library of Phila-
delphia.
Miss Agnes W. Schultze, 1914, has accepted
a position as reference assistant in the Carne-
gie Library of Pittsburgh, Pa.
Miss Gretta M. Smith, 1914, has accepted a
position as assistant in the Public Library of
Detroit, Mich.
ANNOUNCEMENT
In view of the fact that at the end of the
school year at Drexel no arrangement had
been made, such as many of us hoped would
be made, by any other institution, to continue
the Library School, the graduate records of
class rank and of positions held since gradua-
tion have been copied, and these copies placed
in charge of Mr. G. B. Utley, at A. L. A.
headquarters, 78 East Washington St., Chi-
cago, 111., and of Miss S. C. N. Bogle (Drexel,
1904), Director of Training School, Carnegie
Library, Pittsburgh, Pa. The original records
and the correspondence about graduates have
been filed with the Registrar, Drexel Institute.
Any one of these three will gladly answer
queries as to ability and kind of work done,
for librarians who wish to employ Drexel
graduates.
Graduates who wish to change their posi-
tions should write to Miss Bogle or to Mr.
Utley, who will be glad to recommend them
for such positions as come to their knowledge.
I shall always be happy to do anything that
I can to serve the interests of the alumnae.
My address, after Sept 15, will be care of The
H. W. Wilson Co., White Plains, N. Y.
CORINNE BACON, Ex-Director.
PRATT INSTITUTE SCHOOL OF LIBRARY
SCIENCE
The alumni supper took place June 20 in
the art gallery of the library building, with an
attendance of 95. The classes of 1894 and
1904 held reunions, three members of the
former and eight of the latter being present.
As the alumni supper is strictly a family af-
fair, there were no outside speakers, but post-
prandial talks were made by Mr. Frederic B.
Pratt, Mr. Stevens, Miss Rathbone, Miss
Bertha Eger, of the class of 1894 ; Miss Sarah
B. Askew, of the class of 1904, and Miss
Florence Crosier, president of the class of
1914. These were interspersed with Pratt
songs, of which there has come to be quite a
collection.
The class of 1914 left a beautiful silver
urn as its parting gift to the school. For
some years past the class gifts have taken the
form of additions to our tea service, showing
the place that these class-room entertainments
hold in the affections of the students.
POSITIONS
Members of the class of 1914 have been
placed as follows :
Miss Martha Albers is to have charge of the
German collection in the Yorkville branch of
the New York Public Library.
Miss Florence L. Crosier returns to the
Cleveland Public Library, whence she came to
us on leave of absence.
Miss Maude W. Fowler goes to the Cleve-
land Public Library as student children's
librarian.
Miss Eleanor Gleason is to have charge of
the reference department of the Hartford Pub-
lic Library for the summer.
Miss Alice A. Culler is to be the librarian's
assistant at Colgate University, Hamilton,
Miss Agnes Hansen returns to the catalog-
ing department of the Seattle Public Library.
Miss Flor-Etta Kimball is to be first assist-
ant in the Public Library at Madison, N. J.
Miss Rosamond Mclntosh is to be assistant
librarian of the Public Library at North
Adams, Mass.
Miss Catherine Pennington has received a
temporary appointment in the library of the
Department of Agriculture at Washington.
Miss Maud M. Pugsley is to work in the
public documents division of the New York
Public Library during the summer.
Miss Amelia H. Robie is to be first assistant
in the Public Library at Summit, N. J.
Miss Elizabeth M. 'Sawyer returns to the
Cleveland Public Library.
Miss Florence M. Scott has been made libra-
rian of the Public Library at Meadville, Pa.
Miss Loraine A. Sullivan will be a branch
assistant in the New York Public Library.
Mr. Kenneth C. Walker has been made head
of the department of technology of the Public
Library at New Haven, Ct.
Miss Cecilia A. Watson has been appointed
children's librarian of the Reuben McMillan
Free Library, Youngstown, O.
Miss Edith I. Wright is to be vacation sub-
stitute in the Public Library at East Orange,
N. J.
ALUMNI NOTES
Miss Adelaide F. Evans, Pratt 1902, head
cataloger of the Newark Public Library, has
accepted the headship of the cataloging depart-
ment of the Detroit Public Library, where she
begins work September I.
Miss Sally M. Akin, Pratt 1910, has been
made librarian of the Public Library at Fred-
erick, Md.
Miss Jeanne Johnson, Pratt 1912, has been
made head cataloger of the Public Library at
Tacoma, where she has been an assistant since
graduation.
Miss Myrtle I. Roy, Pratt 1912, who has been
for two years first assistant in the Summit
(N. J.,) Public Library, has been made libra-
rian of the Davenport Library at Bath, N. Y.,
beginning work September i.
Miss Jacqueline Noel, Pratt, 1913, has re-
signed the librarianship of the La Grande
(Ore.) Public Library to become an assistant
in the reference department of the Tacoma
Public Library.
Cards have been received announcing the
marriage of Miss Florence D. Forbes, class
of 1911, to Mr. Samuel Douglas Killam, of
Rochester, N. Y.
Miss Helen G. Alleman and Miss Virginia
N. Gillham, both of the class of 1914, sub-
stituted in the New York Public Library
during July and August.
JOSEPHINE ADAMS RATHBONE, Vice-Director.
CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH— TRAIN-
ING SCHOOL FOR CHILDREN'S LIBRARIANS
The summer term of the Training School
opened June 8. The junior courses for the
term are: Book selection, Miss Randall and
Miss Ellis ; Book binding, Mr. Bailey and Mr.
Scott; Business methods, Mr. Wright; Mod-
ern public library movement in America, Miss
Bogle; Story telling, Miss Whiteman; Li-
brary buildings, Mr. Graver; Order work,
Mr. Hewitt; Cataloging, Miss Randall; Ar-
chitectural lettering, Miss Beale; Seminar for
periodical review, Miss McCurdy; Aids to
library economy, Miss Mann; Branch exten-
sion and routine work, Miss Howard.
Only one senior course, "Administration of
children's rooms," by Miss Bogle, will be
given.
Miss Mary Wright Plummer, principal of
the New York Public Library School, gave
two lectures to the school on May 22. The
subjects were "Poetry anthologies for chil-
dren" and "Development of the public li-
brary."
During the week of the A. L. A. confer-
ence the Training School had a luncheon at
the Hotel Gordon, at which forty-two students
and alumnae and three members of the fac-
ulty were present.
Examinations for entrance to the Training
School were held on Tuesday, June 16. A
second examination to fill vacancies occurring
in the entering class will be held September i.
ALUMNAE NOTES
Mildred Subers, class of 1914, has resigned
as children's librarian of the Apprentices' Li-
brary, Philadelphia, Pa., to accept the position
of children's librarian in the Lehigh branch
of the Philadelphia Free Library.
Jessie M. Carson, class of 1902, has been
elected chairman, and Jasmine Britton, class
of 1911, vice-chairman of the A. L. A. section
of work with children for the coming year.
6i8
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[August, 1914
Ingrid Jarnoe, class of 1913, has resigned
as assistant in the Royal Library, Copen-
hagen, Denmark, to become assistant to the
librarian of the Public Library of Copen-
hagen.
ALUMNAE NOTES
Margaret Louise Bateman, 1910, has been
appointed children's librarian of the Man-
chester City Library, Manchester, N. H.
Gertrude Blanchard, 1910, has been ap-
pointed children's librarian of the Homewood
branch, Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh.
Jessie M. Carson, 1902, has been elected
chairman and Jasmine Britton, class of 1911,
vice-chairman of the A. L. A. section of work
with children for the coming year.
Phyllis E. Murray, class of 1913, was mar-
ried June 18, 1914, to Elmer Presley Grierson.
SARAH C. N. BOGLE, Director.
LIBRARY SCHOOL OF THE NEW YORK PUBLIC
LIBRARY
The School has been authorized to announce
the offer of a special course in municipal ref-
erence work, to begin as soon as practicable
after the summer vacations. It will be open
to qualified graduates of library schools, and
to librarians of experience. The latter, unless
the case is exceptional, will be asked to pass a
written test. An advisory committee, consist-
ing of Robert A. Campbell, municipal refer-
ence librarian, Adelaide R. Hasse, chief of the
division of documents, Dr. Charles C. Wil-
liamson, chief of the division of economics,
and William B. Gamble, chief of the division
of technology, will aid the school in planning
and carrying out the course. A circular of
announcement has been printed and one giv-
ing tentative outline of the course will
follow.
The final junior lectures of the year were
given by Miss C. M. Hewins on "Children's
books," and Mr. Edward F. Tilton, architect,
on "The library building from the architect's
point of view."
Miss Caroline Underhill spoke to the seniors
in the School and College library course on
"School work in a public library."
Mr. F. F. Hopper spoke to the seniors in
administration on "The work of the order de-
partment," and Mr. William F. Scandlin on
"The work of the Lighthouse for the blind,"
the lecture being given at the Lighthouse.
The graduating class presented to the
School, the morning of commencement, a
silver cake-basket of beautiful design, marked
1914.
Both classes had for the background of the
class photograph the Bryant monument on the
terrace behind the library building.
Entrance examinations for the coming year
were given on June 9, thirty-nine candidates
being examined at the library, and twenty-nine
in other parts of the country. Forty-five
passed sufficiently well to be considered, and
several applicants were accepted on their col-
lege records added to especial qualifications.
Forty-two applications for senior courses
have been received and passed upon to date.
The faculty had the pleasure of a brief visit
on June 25, from Mme. Haffkine-Hamburger,
director of the summer library school at
Shaniavsky University, Moscow, and regretted
much that she had not arrived during term
time, so as to talk to the students on Russian
libraries.
APPOINTMENTS
In the New York Public Library, reference
department :
For summer: Mr. Ave-Lallemant and Miss
Smith (economics) ; Miss Baillet (genealogy) ;
Misses Fulle*- and Callan (periodicals) ; Miss
Kahan (science) ; Miss Miller (American his-
tory) ; Mr. Tornudd* (main reading room) ;
Miss Winslow (public documents) ; Mr. Dole-
zal* (stack room).
Circulation department :
For summer: Miss Rogers* (Hudson Park) ;
Miss Callan (Central circulation, June 15-30) ;
Miss Kamenetzky* (Woodstock) ; Miss Taber
(S8th Street) ; Miss Udin (Aguilar) ; Miss
Fleming* (67th Street) ; Miss Foshay* (Agui-
lar) ; Miss Osborn* (Riverside) ; Miss Tyler*
(Tompkins Square) ; Miss Evans* (Inter-
branch loan office) ; Miss Kaercher* (Tomp-
kins Square) ; Miss Crenshaw* (Central cir-
culation) ; Miss Stone* (Central circulation) ;
Mrs. Beall, \iiss Cooper,* Miss Esselstyn* and
Miss Winslow (branches not yet assigned).
In other libraries :
Miss Harrsen, jun., 1913, indexer, American
Telephone Co.
Miss Holmes, 1913, librarian, Arents Library,
Richmond, Va.
Mrs. Custead, 1915, librarian, Patchogue
(L. I.) Public Library.
Miss Freer, jun., 1914, substitute, Kingston
(N. Y.) Public Library.
Of the twenty-three students graduating this
year, twelve hold positions in the New York
Public Library and are likely to remain there.
The others are placed as follows :
Mabel L. Abbott, first assistant, cataloging
department, Minneapolis Public Library.
*These students retain their positions, whether enter-
ing for the senior year or not.
August, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
619
Katharine M. Christopher, librarian and
chief of women's department, Automobile
Club of America, New York.
Alta B. Claflin, cataloger, Western Reserve
Historical Society Library, Cleveland, O.
Anna M. Hardy, librarian, East Orange
(N. J.) High School Library.
Dorothy G. Hoyt, cataloger, Metropolitan
Museum.
Florence D. Johnston, assistant, Cedar Rap-
ids (la.) Public Library.
Ida W. Lentilhon, librarian, Far Rockaway
branch, Queens Borough Public Library.
Metta R. Ludey, librarian, Jarvie Library,
Bloomfield, N. J.
Martha C. Pritchard, librarian, White Plains
High School Library.
Further notice of appointments can doubt-
less be given with the next report.
MARY W. PLUMMER, Principal.
SIMMONS COLLEGE— DEPARTMENT OF LI-
BRARY SCIENCE
The last visit of the year was paid in May
to the Social Service Library. After the two
weeks' examination period, the classes all dis-
persed for a welcome vacation, leaving the
field to the seniors for the final functions of
class week.
The commencement exercises were held on
June 10 at Harvard Church, Brookline, at
10:30, the address being given by Dr. John
Finley, president of the University of the State
of New York.
The degree of B.S. in the library depart-
ment was conferred upon the following can-
didates in the four-year course :
Marian Andrews, Constance Ashenden, Mar-
tha P. Bailey, Clara Beetle, Lucy S. Bell, Edith
Brown, Helen F. Carleton, Elizabeth P. Ela,
Sarah M. Findley, Margaret M. Kneil, Mary
A. McCarthy, Edith S. Newcomet, Lillian F.
Nisbet, Mildred W. Page, Ruth H. Parker,
Margaret A. Potter, lona M. Randall, Marian
L. Small, Helen P. Smith, Katherine Warren.
The following graduate students in the one-
year course successfully completed the course
and were, by vote of the faculty, permitted
to become candidates for the degree of B.S.
at the commencement following their presen-
tation of credentials showing satisfactory pro-
fessional experience:
Winnifred A. Chapman, A.B. ; Alice B. Day,
A.B. ; Anna E. Foster, A.B. ; Louise M. Hoxie,
A.B.; Esther C. Johnson, A.M.; Pauline Pot-
ter, A.B. ; Grace W. Thompson, A.B. ; Mar-
garet Watkins, A.B. ; Helen M. Whitehouse,
A.B.
The degree of B.S. was conferred also upon
the following graduates of other colleges, who,
having previously completed our one-year
course, this year presented evidence of satis-
factory professional experience :
Margaret M. Campbell, A.B. ; Gladys S.
Cole, A.B.; Elisabeth D. English, A.B.; Cor-
nelia Ellis, A.B. ; Adra M. Fay, A.B. ; Frances
C. Gifford, A.B. ; Elizabeth A. Haseltine, A.B. ;
H. Marie McClure, A.B. ; Hope L. Potter, S.B. ;
Rebecca B. Rankin, A.B. ; Eleanor P. Wheeler,
A.B. ; Alice C. Wohlhaupter, A.B.
Miss Mary E. Hyde has accepted the posi-
tion of instructor in library science in the col-
lege next year. Miss Hyde is a graduate of
Leland Stanford University, and was a mem-
ber of the New York State Library School,
1902-3. Since 1909 she has been head cata-
loger of the Public Library of San Francisco.
She brings therefore active experience in pub-
lic library work freshly to her teaching, which
will be mainly cataloging, building on Miss
Hitchler's foundations. Miss Hitchler does
not sever her connection with the department
entirely, but will give some lectures during the
second term.
POSITIONS
Constance Ashenden, 1914, will become, No-
vember i, secretary to the librarian, Boston
Athenaeum.
Clara Buttle, 1914, and Lucy Bell, have been
appointed assistants in the Williams College
Library.
Elizabeth Ela, 1914, and Grace W. Thomp-
son, A.B., are to join the Brooklyn Public
Library staff.
Margaret Potter, 1914, will become an as-
sistant in the Cleveland Public Library, and a
member of their children's training class.
Pauline Potter, A.B., has been appointed a
cataloger in the University of Oregon Li-
brary.
Marie A. Lament has been appointed an
assistant in the Simmons College Library.
Helen Luitweiler, B.S., 1913, has resigned
her position in the Simmons College Library
to accept one in the Somerville Public Library.
JUNE R. DONNELLY.
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY SCHOOL
The following lectures have been deliv-
ered before the school by visiting librarians:
April 2 and 3, Miss Mary E. Ahern, ^ditor
of Public Libraries, "The fifth kingdom and
the keeper of its treasures," and "The busi-
ness of being a librarian"; April 7, Miss
May Massee, editor of the A. L. A. Booklist,
on the making of the Booklist; April 8, Miss
Harriet E. Howe, instructor in Western Re-
serve Library School, on special phases of her
work; April 16, Mr. Charles E. Rush, libra-
62O
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[August, 1914
rian, St. Joseph (Mo.) Public Library, "Chil-
dren's books and their illustrators" ; April 28,
Mr. Matthew S. Dudgeon, secretary, Wis-
consin Free Library Commission, "The work
of the Wisconsin Commission," and "The
work of the Legislative Reference Bureau" ;
April 24, Miss Carrie E. Scott, Indianapolis,
"The work of the Indiana Library Commis-
sion."
ALUMNI NOTES
The annual alumni reunion and dinner were
held in Washington, Wednesday evening, May
27. Forty-two graduates and former students
were present, a larger number than usual.
Informal talks were given by the director and
the assistant director, and a short business
session of the Alumni Association was held.
Officers for the ensuing year are : Miss Anna
May Price, Springfield, Illinois, president, and
Miss Jennie A. Craig, Urbana, Illinois, sec-
retary-treasurer. The one hundred and fifty
dollars in the treasury is to be used next year
as a loan fund for senior students.
Appointment of graduates and former stu-
dents have been reported as follows :
Carrie C. Patton, B. L. S., 1911, head cat-
aloger, University of Texas Library.
Mary Torrance, B. L. S., 1913, instructor in
library methods in the summer session at La
Crosse (Wisconsin) Normal School.
Sabra E. Stevens, B. L. S., 1914, instructor
at the Chautauqua (New York) summer
library school.
Elizabeth H. Davis, B. L. S., 1914, reference
assistant, Kansas State Agricultural College,
Manhattan, Kansas.
Louise Fenimore Schwartz, B. L. S., 1914,
assistant in charge of the loan desk, Univer-
sity of Washington, Seattle.
Rose R. Sears, B. L. S., 1914, Hammond
Library, Chicago Theological Seminary, Chi-
cago, Illinois.
Sabra E. Stevens, B. L. S., 1914, general as-
sistant, University of Illinois Library.
Katharine Lewis, 1912-14, assistant in the
office of the State Legislative Reference Bu-
reau, Springfield, Illinois.
Lucile Warnock, 1913-14, temporary assist-
ant in charge of the loan desk, Miami Uni-
versity Library.
Fan»y W. Hill, 1913-14, temporary assistant
in charge of Classical Seminar, University of
Illinois.
Mrs. Elsie E. Martin, 1913-14, librarian,
public school library, Hancock, Michigan.
Alma M. Penrose, 1913-14, instructor at the
Iowa Summer Library School.
Margaret S. Williams, 1913-14, reviser, Uni-
versity of Illinois Summer Library School.
P. L. WINDSOR, Director.
WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
SCHOOL
Commencement activities of the Library
School began with the annual luncheon given
by the faculty to the class of 1914 in the rooms
of the school, on Monday, June 15, and con-
cluded with the receiving of certificates at the
general university commencement on Thurs-
day, June 18. Preceding the luncheon, the
Alumni Association held its annual meeting.
Examinations for entrance to the School
were held June 19 and 20.
ALUMNI NOTES
Hattie Callow, 1911, assistant in the Cleve-
land Public Library, has been appointed the
librarian of the new Quincy branch, which was
opened last month.
Florence I. Slater, 1912, first assistant at the
Collinwood branch of the Cleveland Public
Library, has been promoted to the librarian-
ship of the branch.
Pauline Reich, 1913, first assistant at the
Carnegie West branch of the Cleveland Public
Library, has resigned her position to accept a
similar position in the Wrebster branch of the
New York Public Library.
Some of the appointments of the class of
1914 are as follows :
Ruth A. Brown, assistant, Detroit Public
Library.
Doris E. Burgey, summer assistant, New
York Public Library.
Margaret E. Calfee, summer assistant, Brum-
back Library, Van Wert, O.
Hazel C. Clark, assistant, Detroit Public
Library.
Cora Hendee, assistant, lending department,
Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh.
Adaline Howell, bibliographer and library
editor, Detroit Public Library.
Lura C. Hutchinson. branch librarian, Min-
neapolis Public Library.
Mary Yoder, assistant, catalog department,
Dayton Public Library.
Ruth Savord, assistant, catalog department,
Cleveland Public Library.
Katherin G. Marvin, summer assistant, New
York Public Library.
Grace Bohmer, Victoria Bronson, Florence
L. Cottrell and Mabel Miller, of the Cleveland
Public Library staff, will return to the library
for regular work.
Josephine McConnell, Clara L. Schafer and
Alice M. Smith will enter the Cleveland Public
Library training class for children's librarians
in the fall.
Elizabeth B. Doren, who was a student at
the School in 1904-06, and who has since been
a member of the Dayton Public Library staff,
August, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
621
will receive her certificate with the class of
1914.
Viola B. Phillips will return to her position
in the Reuben McMillan Free Library of
Youngstown, from which she had a leave of
absence to attend the School.
ALICE S. TYLER, Director.
CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF ATLANTA— LIBRARY
SCHOOL
The third term ended May 23, one week
earlier than usual, in order that the principal
and other members of the faculty could attend
the meeting of the American Library Asso-
ciation in Washington, May 25 to 30.
On May 9 Mr. Duncan Burnet, librarian of
the University of Georgia Library, lectured
to the class on "Problems of administration
and book buying in a university library."
Miss Stearns, of the Wisconsin Library
Commission, gave three lectures at the end of
the term. On Friday, May 22, she spoke on
"The library militant," and on "Some phases
of commission work." On the morning of May
23 Miss Stearns made an address to the gradu-
ating class on "Ideals of library service."
The graduation exercises were held in the
classroom on the morning of May 23 and in-
cluded the address of Miss Stearns, a short
talk from Mr. Willis Everett, president of the
Library Board, and the presentation of the
certificates. The names of the graduates are
as follows : Grace Angier, Atlanta, Ga. ; Janet
Carter Berkeley, Staunton, Va. ; Katharine
Carnes, Macon, Ga. ; Lucille Cobb, Carrollton,
Ga. ; Kathleen Hines, Calhoun, Ga. ; Margaret
Jemison, Talladega, Ala. ; Annie Jungermann,
Columbus, Ga. ; Rhea King, Atlanta, Ga. ; Anna
Laura Robinson, Atlanta, Ga. ; Singleton
Smith, Athens, Ga. ; Vera Southwick, Atlanta,
Ga. ; Mattie Lou Worsham, Forsyth, Ga.
The appointments of the class are as fol-
lows : Miss Janet Berkeley will go to Greens-
boro, N. C, as assistant librarian ; Miss Anna
Laura Robinson, to Savannah, Ga., as cata-
loger in the Savannah Public Library; Miss
Margaret Jemison, to be librarian in the Val-
dosta (Ga.) Public Library; Miss Annie Jung-
ermann, second assistant in the Library of the
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill,
N. C. ; Miss Rhea King, organizer of the Wil-
mington (N. C.) Public Library; Miss Vera
Southwick and Miss Mattie Lou Worsham will
be assistants in the Carnegie Library of At-
lanta; Miss Grace Angier, Miss Singleton
Smith, Miss Katharine Carnes, Miss Kathleen
Hines, and Miss Lucille Cobb will be assist-
ants in the New York Public Library.
At the close of Miss Stearns' lecture on "The
library militant" on the afternoon of May 23,
the Graduates Association held its annual
meeting in the classroom. The following offi-
cers were elected : President, Catherine Walker,
Atlanta; vice-president, Randolph Archer,
Talladega, Ala. ; secretary and treasurer, Isa-
bel Stevens, Atlanta; executive board, Frances
Newman and Janet Berkeley. After the elec-
tion the resident alumnse entertained the grad-
uating class at tea.
ALUMNA NOTES
Pauline Benson, 1908, who has been an as-
sistant in the Carnegie Library of Atlanta
since December, 1913, has accepted the posi-
tion of librarian of the Public Library, Au-
gusta, Ga.
Frances Newman, 1912, has been traveling
in Greece and Egypt for the past three months
on leave of absence from the cataloging de-
partment of the Carnegie Library of Atlanta.
Miss Tommie Dora Barker, 1909, head of
the reference department of the Carnegie Li-
brary of Atlanta, compiled during the spring
material for the "History of education in Geor-
gia," which was the part presented by the
alumnae of Agnes Scott College, Decatur, Ga.,
at the pageant given in May on the college
campus. Miss Barker, herself an alumna of
Agnes Scott, appeared in the pageant as the
Georgia Seminary for Young Ladies, Gaines-
ville, 1878.
Susan Lancaster, 1907, librarian of the Ala-
bama State Normal School, Jacksonville, Ala.,
will act as librarian of the Marion (S. C.) Pub-
lic Library during June, July and August.
Louise McMaster, 1908, librarian of the Marion
Library, has taken a three months' leave of
absence for travel in Europe.
DELIA FOREACRE SNEED, Principal.
LIBRARY SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF
WISCONSIN
The report of the closing month of the
present school year records busy weeks spent
in the completion of bibliographies and with
examinations in each course, varied by sev-
eral picnics and school frolics. On Memorial
Day Miss Turvill invited the faculty and
students to a picnic at her country home, and
en June 6 Mr. and Mrs. Dudgeon, Miss Bas-
com and Miss Humble were the hosts at an-
other picnic at the Dudgeon summer cottage
on Lake Waubesa. Ideal weather helped to
make both occasions delightful, and every
camera was pressed into use to help preserve
lasting impressions of the jolly gatherings,
which were to cease so soon for the present
class. On June 4 Miss Stearns' annual "field
day" exercises were held, following the visit
to the Traveling Library Department.
622
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[August, 1914
Through the courtesy of the Democrat
Printing Co. the students who desired were
given an opportunity to bind a book in the
company's bindery.
Closing exercises for the eighth class of
the school took place Thursday evening, June
ii. Twenty-nine students completed the work,
and of these twenty-five already have posi-
tions. At eight o'clock the students assem-
bled in the foyer to form a procession, led
by Director M. S. Dudgeon escorting Presi-
dent Van Hise, of the University, and Dr.
A. S. Root, librarian of Oberlin College, who
was to deliver the principal address. Then
followed the faculty and sixteen alumni of
the school, representatives of every class
among them. The faculty and alumni stood,
welcoming the graduating class as they en-
tered the lecture room. Mr. Dudgeon pre-
sided, and first introduced President Van
Hise, who spoke briefly to the class, recog-
nizing them as graduates of one of the Uni-
versity schools.
Then followed the address by Dr. Root on
"The growing librarian," one that was most
inspiring, practical and helpful. He spoke of
the value of routine in developing the "grow-
ing librarian," but explained that routine
could be mastered through the development
of habit and system. Following Dr. Root's
address, Miss Hazeltine, as preceptor, pre-
sented the class to the director, who, with
brief but fitting remarks, awarded their cer-
tificates. The exercises closed with an in-
formal reception, giving opportunity to meet
Dr. Root and the members of the class.
Punch was served in the foyer, and the rooms
were prettily decorated with roses, peonies
and daisies in profusion.
The following alumni were present to greet
the new class: Miss Ryan, Miss Annabelle
Smith, Mrs. Steffen, 1907; Miss Turvill, 1908;
Miss Williams, 1909; Miss Strong, 1910; Miss
Bergold, Miss Kosek, Miss Muir, Miss E. M.
Smith, 1911; Miss Ives, Miss Leaf, Miss
Potts, 1912; Miss Ely, Miss Humble, Mrs.
Koelker, 1913.
Subjects for the graduating bibliographies
were assigned on April 15. One hundred
hours is the minimum time accepted for each,
and frequently much more time has been put
upon the gathering, annotating and arranging
of material, and its typing for the final copy.
The subjects chosen by the students, or as-
signed to them, are those upon which bibli-
ographies have been requested either by de-
partments in the University or in the Capitol.
It makes the work vital when each student
feels that the results will be put into use as
soon as the research can be completed and
formulated. The subjects are as follows:
A study in circulation statistics — Miss Andrews.
State insurance^ — Miss Bingham.
Switzerland — Miss Brown.
United States possessions— Miss Burt.
Reform of modern civil service practice — Miss
Clancy.
Literary criticism, 1900-1910 — Miss Congdon.
Single tax — Miss Coon.
Public health — Miss Cox.
Governmental control of water power — Miss Easton.
Sex education and instruction — Miss Emmons.
American art — Miss Evans.
Moral training for children — Miss Friedel.
Legislative and municipal reference libraries — Miss
Grace.
Central America — Miss Hanson.
Citizenship — Miss Hedenbergh.
Balkan states — Miss Ingram.
India — Miss Jacobus.
Social life and customs of the Age of the Restora-
tion—Miss Kimball.
Violence in labor disputes — Miss King.
Criticism of higher education — Miss Kjellgran.
Public service as a career, and the training for it —
Miss Lewis.
Admission tests for immigrants — Miss Love.
Industries of the United States — Miss Lutkemeyer.
Rural credit — Miss McGovern.
Germany — Miss Marshall.
Feminism in fiction — Miss Rice.
American librarians — Miss Sharp.
• Masters of American journalism — Miss Stockett.
Character of American journalism — Miss Wieder.
APPOINTMENTS OF CLASS OF 1914
The following students have received ap-
pointments to date :
Gladys M. Andrews — Assistant librarian, Superior
(Wis.) Public Library.
Robina Brown — Assistant, San Diego (Cal.) Public
Library.
Martha B. Burt — Assistant, Eau Claire (Wis.) Pub-
lic Library.
Mildred Coon — Children's librarian, Sheboygan
(Wis.) Public Library.
Fannie E. Cox — Assistant, Detroit (Mich.) Public
Library.
Esther Friedel — Assistant, children's department,
Pittsburgh Carnegie Library.
Ethel A. Hedenbergh — Assistant in charge of school
collections, Sioux City (Iowa) Public Library.
Mary B. Kimball — Assistant, Green Bay (Wis.)
Public Library.
Annie E. Kjellgren — Assistant, Rockford (111.)
Public Library.
Florence D. Love — Reference librarian, Decatur
(111.) Public Library.
Catherine H. McGovern — Reference assistant, Mil-
waukee (Wis.) Public Library.
Mary Louise Marshall — Librarian, Southern Illinois
Normal University, Carbondale.
Ruth C. Rice— Librarian, High School branch,
Madison (Wis.) Free Library.
Kathryn Sharp — Assistant, Gary (Ind.) Public
Library.
Julia C. Stockett — Reviser, Wisconsin Library
School; substitute reference librarian, Calgary (Can-
ada) Public Library for the summer.
Callie Wieder— Librarian, Stanley (Wis.) Public
Library.
Jessie W. Bingham — Librarian, Rhinelander (Wis.)
Public Library.
Verna M. Evans — Special cataloger, Illinois State
Historical Society Library.
Lottie N. Ingram — Assistant, Racine (Wis.) Pub-
lic Library.
May C. Lewis — Assistant, children's department,
Brooklyn Public Library.
Georgia Lutkemeyer — Librarian, Watertown (Wis.)
Public Library.
Agnes King — For the summer, Wisconsin Public
Affairs BoarcT for bibliographic work in connection
with the University Survey. She will complete her
bibliography on Higher education, begun at the
request of Dr. William H. Allen, in charge of the
survey.
August, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
623
ALUMNI NOTES
Mrs. Theodore R. Brewitt, 1908, will be one
of the instructors in the Riverside (Cal.) sum-
mer course for librarians.
Ellen I. True, 1908, has joined the staff of
the Los Angeles (Cal.) Public Library.
Harriet Bixby, 1909, joined the staff of the
Portland (Oregon) Public Library, in March.
Daisy Pansier, 1910, is assistant in the chil-
dren's department, Carnegie I ibrary of Pitts-
burgh.
Grace M. Stevens, 1910, has accepted a posi-
tion in the Minneapolis Public Library system
as a branch librarian. Miss Cora I. Lansing,
of Neenah, succeeds her as librarian at Wau-
sau, Wis.
Gertrude Cobb, 1911, has resigned her posi-
tion as librarian of the Janesville (Wis.)
Public Library. Mary A. Egan, 1913, will suc-
ceed her.
Lois A. Spencer, 1911, has taken charge of
the Library Supply Department of the Dem-
ocrat Printing Company, Madison, Wis. For
the past three years she has been librarian
at Menominee, Mich.
Edna S. Green, 1912, has been appointed to
the librarianship of the Gray branch, and
Lydia E. Kinsley, 1907, to the librarianship
of the Bowen branch of the Detroit Public
Library.
Grace M. Leaf, 1912, reference librarian
at the Kansas State Normal School, Em-
poria, Kan., has been granted leave of ab-
sence to organize the library of the Wiscon-
sin Board of Control.
Kathleen Calhoun, 1913, is now assistant
librarian in the library of the University of
Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Frances C. Dukes, 1913, was married May
4, to Mr. Forrest F. Carhart, of Sheffield,
Iowa. Since graduation she has held a position
in the Cincinnati Public Library.
Dorothy B. Ely, 1913, will spend the summer
in Europe.
Marion E. Frederickson, 1913, will spend the
summer in Europe.
Frances C. Sawyer, 1913, became librarian
of the Keewatin (Mim.) Public Library in
March.
ALUMNI NOTES
The Alumni Association held its annual
meeting at the Washington conference on the
evening of May 27. Twenty-one graduates
were present. Officers for the coming year
are : Julia A. Robinson, president ; Grace M.
Stevens, vice-president ; Helen Turvill, secre-
tary ; Lois A. Spencer, treasurer. At the
school dinner the following graduates were
present : Mary Ray, 1908 ; Angie Messer,
Julia A. Robinson, Mary Watkins, Ora Wil-
liams, 1909; Lilly M. E. Borresen, Hannah M.
Lawrence, Mae I. Stearns, Marjorie Strong,
Blanch Unterkircher, 1910; Margaret Green,
Harriet Muir, Lois Spencer, 1911 ; Ruth
Balch, Alice Farquhar, Ruth Hayward, W. E.
Jillson, Helen Pf eiffer, Elizabeth Ronan, 1912 ;
Irene Rowe, 1913; Mrs. Blackall, 1914.
Harriet Allen, 1907, has been elected libra-
rian of the Houghton (Mich.) Public School
Library. For several years she has been li-
brarian at Rhinelander, Wis.
Mrs. Marie Minton George, 1910, announces
the birth of a son, born May 20.
Mabel Smith, 1911, has been elected libra-
rian of the Olympia (Wash.) Public Library,
resigning a similar position in the Watertown
(Wis.) Public Library.
Florence Fisher, 1913, assistant for the past
year in the Brooklyn (N. Y.) Public Library,
has been appointed children's librarian in the
Eau Claire (Wis.) Public Library.
Irene Rowe, 1913, becomes librarian of the
Evans ville (Ind.) High School Library, re-
signing her position in the Brooklyn (N. Y.)
Public Library. She succeeds Ruth Stetson,
1912, who has received an appointment in
Deerlodge, Mont.
MARY EMOGENE HAZELTINE.
DENVER (COLO.) PUBLIC LIBRARY TRAIN-
ING CLASS
THE third training class conducted at the
Denver Public Library has just finished its
eight months' course of work. When this third
course was announced last September there
were thirty-seven applicants for entrance. All
but fifteen candidates were declared ineligible
because of deficient education or personal
qualifications, and a competitive examination
was conducted to select the eight who formed
the class. The training class was given in-
struction five days a week, and heretofore all
graduates have been employed immediately in
the Denver Public Library. The course of in-
struction was divided as follows :
Accession — Two lessons, forty books in each
lesson.
Shelf-list— Three lessons.
Shelf-list and accession — Three lessons in the
combination of shelf-list and accession rec-
ord as used in the Denver Public Library.
Book numbers — Two lessons.
Classification — Plan and use of the Dewey sys-
tem, with modifications used in the Denver
Public Library, forty lessons.
Cataloging — Seventeen lessons.
Reference — Sixteen lessons.
Bibliography — Six lessons.
Children's work — Twelve lessons.
624
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[August, 1914
Public documents — Four lessons.
Miscellaneous lectures — Six lessons.
During the eight months when the training
class instruction was given, the members were
assigned for practice work five afternoons a
week. This practice work was not paid for
by the library, as no charge was made for the
instruction, supplies, etc., incident to the course.
Miss Rena Reese, the librarian's assistant in
the Denver Public Library, was in charge of
the course.
UNIVERSITY OF UTAH SUMMER LIBRARY
SCHOOL
The third annual session of the Utah Sum-
mer Library School continued at the Univer-
sity of Utah through the month of June, un-
der the direction of Miss Mary E. Downey.
The school is designed for librarians and
assistants who cannot leave their work for
extended courses, but who can get leave of
absence for a few weeks of study, thus gain-
ing a broader conception of their work and
a general understanding of modern methods
and ideals. The staff of instructors has the
reputation of commanding and obtaining good
work from their students. Miss Downey
gave the courses in "Reference" and "Library
organization and administration," including
the American Library Association, state asso-
ciations, district meetings or institutes, library
clubs and staff meetings, noted library work-
eis, state commissions, evolution of the li-
brary, extension in the United States, state
extension, local extension, developing a li-
brary, reorganizing a library, building and
equipment, the trustee, the staff, reading of
the librarian, values in library work, the
maintenance fund, supplies, book selection and
buying, preparing books for the shelves, care
of periodicals, clippings, pictures and pam-
phlets, special collections, simplifying routine
work, binding and mending, loan systems,
work with children, schools and clubs, picture
bulletins, how to use a library, reports and
statistics, advertising.
Miss Sabra W. Vought instructed the stu-
dents in cataloging, classification, accessioning,
and shelf-listing. Each student catalogs one
hundred books and classifies two hundred.
Lectures were followed by practice work,
which was carefully revised. Opportunity was
given also for questions and discussion of
problems relating to library experience and
consultation with the instructors.
Students have the use of the University of
Utah and Packard Libraries for laboratory
work. The librarians of these libraries co-
operated in every way possible to make the
school a success. Visits were made also to
the L. D. S. High School Library, Chapman
branch of the Packard Library, Neighbor-
hood House Library, and to the Deseret News
printing office and bindery.
The work of the regular instructors has
been supplemented as follows: Mr. Howard
R. Driggs addressed the students on "Stories
and story telling," "The art of poetry," and
"The music of literature." Miss Joanna
Sprague lectured on "Teaching the use of a
library" and "Book binding and mending,"
giving practical problems at her library. Miss
Esther Nelson spoke on "The reference work
in college and university libraries." Stren-
uous class work was supplemented by sev-
eral social functions, including a reception by
Miss Sprague and her staff on the first visit
of the class to their library. Miss Downey
and Miss Vought entertained the class at
their home, and there were outings at Saltair
and Bingham. There were some visiting li-
brarians, trustees, and others interested in
library work who attended lectures and con-
sulted in regard to library matters, making
this feature an important part of the work.
The libraries of three states and twelve
towns were represented by twenty-six stu-
dents. MARY E. DOWNEY.
BROOKLYN PUBLIC LIBRARY TRAINING
CLASS
The Brooklyn Public Library now offers
two courses for training assistants ; one to
prepare candidates to enter the staff as junior
assistants, the other to train them as children's
librarians. The two courses will be run par-
allel as far as possible and much of the theo-
retical instruction will be given in common.
Examinations of applicants for admission
to the two courses will be held at the library
September 15, 1914, at 9 a.m., and the class
work, planned on a basis of forty hours a
week, will begin October 5.
The general course will train the candidates
for positions as general assistants in the
branch libraries. Candidates must be not less
than eighteen and not more than thirty-five
years of age and must be in good physical
condition. They must have had a high school
education or its equivalent, and must possess
personal qualifications satisfactory to the chief
librarian and to the administration committee.
Those meeting the above requirements will
be given two written examinations, covering
literature, history, science, art, current events
and general information. Those who obtain
a mark of 75 per cent, or more on both papers
will be admitted. Graduates of accepted col-
leges will be admitted without examinations.
August, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
625
The course of study will include library
economy, bibliography, cataloging, classifica-
tion, reference work, history of libraries,
work with children, reading courses in fiction
and non-fiction, and a weekly seminar in cur-,
rent topics.
The course will consist of four months of
theoretical training in library science and three
months of practical work in one or more
branches of the library.
No tuition fee is charged, but students may
be required to furnish their own text books at
a probable cost of $10.
Those who complete satisfactorily the pre-
scribed course and who pass the final exam-
ination will be placed upon the eligible list
of the third grade service from which ap-
pointments are made as vacancies occur in the
library staff, but the library does not guar-
antee to give any student a position in the
library service. The library's scheme of
graded service provides for the following po-
sitions and salaries :
First grade: Branch librarian, $840 to $1500
per annum.
Second grade : Senior assistants, $660 to
$780 per annum.
Third grade : Junior assistants, $480 to $600
per annum.
The course for training children's librarians
will train the candidates for positions as chil-
dren's librarians in the branch libraries. The
same requirements are made as for the gen-
eral course, plus one year of college work or
its equivalent.
The course of study will cover a period of
nine months and will consist of theoretical
training in general library science as well as
in work with children. Practice work in the
branch children's rooms will constitute an
important part of the training. It will include
lectures, problems and required reading in
children's literature and methods of work with
children, in addition to general courses in
library economy, bibliography, reference
work, etc.
Every graduate will be expected to accept
an appointment in the Brooklyn Public Li-
brary, except in the improbable event of there
being no opening within a reasonable time
after the completion of the course, in which
circumstance the instructors will assist grad-
uates to obtain positions in other libraries.
The salaries of children's librarians range
from $660 to $900 per annum.
For further information address,
Miss JULIA A. HOPKINS, Principal,
Brooklyn Public Library,
Fourth Avenue and Pacific Street,
Brooklyn, N. Y.
A. L. A. MANUAL of library economy, in 32
chapters, edited by a committee of the
American Library Association. Chicago :
A. L. A. Publishing Board, 1910-14.
This enterprise, which is in immediate
charge of a small committee appointed by
the A. L. A. Publishing Board, has been
under way for about five years. Nineteen
of the proposed 32 chapters have been issued
in advance separate form and are available
from the executive offices of the Association
for ten cents each. Others are in prepara-
tion, two or three of them actually in press.
The work is another instance of that co-
operation which has produced so many useful
bibliographic and professional publications
within the ranks of the American Library
Association. The authors of these mono-
graphs have in all cases furnished the manu-
script without remuneration in consideration
of its publication at cost through the A. L. A.
Publishing Board. Free work, however, is
not fast work. Authors carefully chosen for
high authority may not be hurried or they
will withdraw leaving no equal contributor
in view.
The latest chapters not before noticed in
the columns of the JOURNAL are :
Chap. V. Proprietary and subscrip-
tion libraries, by Charles
Knowles Bolton.
Chap. VI. The free public library, by
Isabel Ely Lord.
Chap. X. The library building, by
W. R. Eastman.
Chap. XIV. Library service, prepared
by Emma V. Baldwin,
edited by Frank P. Hill.
Chap. XXL Loan work, by Carl P. P.
Vitz.
Chap. XXVII. Commissions, state aid, and
state agencies, by Asa
Wynkoop.
Chap. XXIX. Library work with children,
by Frances Jenkins Ol-
cott.
Chap. XXXII. Library printing, by Frank
K. Walter.
The Manual is designed to be a cross
section of the best, the wisest and most ap-
proved current usage in American library
work, with such acompanying historical mat-
ter as shall indicate the setting or sufficiently
explain the development of different lines
of work. It is intended primarily for use
with library schools; apprentice and training
626
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[August, 1914
classes ; library boards or librarians building
or occupying new buildings or considering
changes in method; for untrained and in-
experienced library workers and for those
engaged in the work of library extension.
Despite this primary aim, it is not so ele-
mentary as to be without distint interest
and usefulness to any one in the profes-
sion.
The 32 chapters fall into three divisions:
the first, Types of Libraries, includes the
first eight chapters which are chiefly his-
torical; the second, including chapters 9-26,
has the caption Organization and Adminis-
tration, and treats of the different subjects
and library processes in the order in which
they ensue in the founding, organization and
administration of a library; the third division,
including the last six chapters, is entitled
Special Forms of Work, and includes library
extension, work with schools, with children,
with the blind, museums, lectures, art gal-
leries, etc., in their relations with libraries,
and a chapter on library printing.
It is the plan of the Publishing Board to
bind these together into one or two volumes
when the work is finished.
Mr. Bolton's chapter is a cogent bit of spe-
cial pleading by one who loves and believes in
a continuing large place for the proprietary
library, in despite of and side by side with the
militant free public library, the social raison
d'etre of which Miss Lord so ardently and so
admirably sets forth. We are left with the
conviction that two persons could scarcely be
made unhappier than by giving Miss Lord the
Boston Athenaeum and Mr. Bolton a free
public library of comparable size and renown.
Mr. Eastman gives in sixteen pages the
quintessence of twenty years' fruitful study
and application of the principles which should
govern the construction primarily of small
library buildings, but which are in the main
pertinent to all library architecture.
Surely no two people have better right to
speak of the qualifications, tenure and organi-
zation of the library staff than Miss Baldwin
and Dr. Hill, who have been associated from
its beginnings with a municipal library system
admittedly one of the most efficient and con-
spicuous exemplars of this relatively new type
of library endeavor. Some frank disparage-
ment of municipal civil service in public libra-
ries is noted, and an increasing regard to
health and working condition of the staff.
Mr. Vitz's chapter is not merely a study of
loan records and systems, but of all the va-
ried, numerous and important activities which
fall within the work of the circulation depart-
ment of a public library. The principles and
methods of recording loans are discussed, and
three charging systems — the Brown, Newark
and New York State Library — are minutely
described as typical systems for different
kinds of libraries. But beyond this account
of the mechanics of loan work, and of far
greater importance, are the admirable para-
graphs on the qualifications for acceptable
service at the loan desk, the statements of
arguments for and against open .shelves and
the sensible discussions of such topics as reg-
istration records, fines, length of loan period,
reserves, pay duplicate collections, publicity,
contagious diseases, statistics, interbranch re-
cords, etc. A carefully chosen classified biblio-
graphy is appended. This chapter is one
of the best in the series.
In chapter 27, Mr. Wynkoop forcefully sum-
marizes arguments for the existence, mainte-
nance and adequate support of state agencies
for library extension, followed by as impres-
sive a statement as we recall having seen of
the work which such agencies are doing and
have done. So much have fervor, conviction and
evangelical effort marked this work that it
gives one a start to encounter a few whole-
some paragraphs on "Limitations and possible
dangers in commission work," which caution
against too great uniformity in methods under
conditions which vary widely in different parts
of the country and which warn against doing
too much in certain cases.
Miss Olcott furnishes a veritable vade-
mecum in concise form of practical and con-
crete discussion of plan, methods and aims
for a library work with children which shall
be actuated by high ideals and which never
loses sight of the children and the books as,
when all is said and done, the chiefest factors
in the work.
Mr. Walter's excellent chapter deals with
a subject which, both in its practical and
esthetic aspects, if we may judge from the
vast stream of current library publications,
gets far too little intelligent notice from libra-
rians. A section treats briefly of duplicating
machines, those useful substitutes for more
formal printing.
The uniform excellence of the successive
chapters of this manual is such as to prompt
the wish that it may soon come to completion
in its final volume form.
BISHOP, WILLIAM WARNER. Practical hand-
book of modern library cataloging. Balti-
more: Williams & Wilkins Co., 1914. 150 p.
D. $i net.
It was in 1901 that the Library of Congress
undertook the publication and general sale of
August, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
627
printed catalog cards for all its books; in the
years since then the use of these cards has
grown so steadily that it may now be fairly
said that the printed purchased card forms
the basis of modern American cataloging prac-
tice. Mr. Bishop's little manual is built upon
this premise and deals specifically with the op-
erative and administrative aspect of the sub-
ject, rather than with cataloging rules and
detailed technique. Indeed, the book touches
very lightly upon cataloging codes, and en-
ters not at all the labyrinthine regions of
classification systems. It is essentially a prac-
tical exposition of principles and methods de-
sirable in the organization and operation of
cataloging departments in large and moderate
sized libraries, where printed cards are used
as extensively as possible, and where the adop-
tion of the "unit" card for different forms of
catalog duplication reduces or eliminates much
variation in entry. The opening chapter traces
very briefly the development of catalogs from
book to card form, with comment on notable
examples and indication of the modifications
effected in technique by the adoption of the
printed card. Mr. Bishop recognizes clearly
that the supply of "ready-made" catalog cards
is bound to increase until in the not distant
future libraries will be able to purchase cards
for practically every book of importance ;
"the pressure of universal need and demand
is bound to produce the result sought in
time."
Physical requirements of catalog depart-
ments are considered in a chapter devoted to
"Rooms and equipment," giving excellent ad-
vice as to floor plans, arrangement and char-
acter of furniture, quality of card stock, and
other practical details; the "Planning of the
catalog" is then taken up, with recommenda-
tions regarding extent of duplication, "full"
or "short" style, and the various forms of cat-
alog— dictionary, classed and alphabetico-
classed; and under "Organization of catalog-
ing force," there follows orderly presentation
of the cataloger's duties ; need of revision,
assignment and specializing; catalogers'
individual reports as the basis of statistics;
catalogers' qualifications and salaries. The
importance of good executive management is
emphasized : "An improper organization of
the force will compel the man who uses half
a dozen languages and knows the literature of
as many subjects to do the work of a type-
writer or mere clerk, or on the other hand
will permit a recent high school graduate to
decide the subject entry for the latest physical
chemistry or treatise on elliptic functions."
Again, in regard to individual reports of work
done, there is a needed warning : "It is mani-
festly unfair to the catalogers, as most of our
libraries go, to make these reports the basis
of comparison between individuals. The work
is never of the same difficulty, the same du-
ration, the same amount. No one sits at a
desk day by day, hour by hour, turning out
catalog cards. The very nature of the work
demands a great variety of study and time on
different books. ... In any library, cata-
logers having special equipment may be called
on — and should be — to aid in reference work.
The reports are decidedly valuable
in recording the sum of the work done, in
estimating the probable capacity of the office.
They are seldom, even when taken for long
periods, a true reflection of the cataloging
ability of the various members of the force."
Equally suggestive is the emphasis laid upon
"book sense" as one of the necessary quali-
fications of the cataloger: "It is an ability
to move quickly and easily among printed
things with an instinctive appreciation of
values. It comes to people who have lived
with books from childhood but who have
never regarded them as an end in themselves.
A man or woman without 'book sense' is ut-
terly out of place in a library. Some people
never get it — they had best go to selling gro-
ceries or pounding typewriters."
Having outlined the organization of the
cataloging department, the material with which
it deals and the methods employed are treated
in the same effective manner. A chapter is
given to "The use of printed catalog cards,"
indicating procedure of selecting, ordering,
and adaptation to average needs. Under
"Cataloging method," references are given to
the leading codes and manuals, rules and de-
cisions are summarized, and there is concise
advice on routine practice. The comment on
imprint entry, on notes, both of "contents"
and of "evaluation," and on series cards, is
especially interesting and useful. The final
chapter on "Subject headings" presents in part
material embodied in the author's paper on
the subject read at the A. L. A. conference
of 1906. It is a lucid condensation of precept
and practice in this difficult field, setting forth
some of the problems and complications with
indication of recommended policy. Mr. Bishop
is an advocate of "one place" entry, and urges
his point with logic and skill against Cutter's
principle of double subject entry in the case of
subject-regional titles. He is disposed also
to favor a carefully worked out chronological
or period arrangement at least for subjects
in political and economic history. His re-
marks throughout are based upon wide prac-
tical experience, sound scholarship, and com-
mon-sense, and must command the interested
628
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[August, 1914
attention of all catalogers. Indeed the book
as a whole is a welcome and useful addition
to the librarian's store of working tools, and
it should prove of wide practical service.
H. E. H.
ANTRIM, SAIDA BRUMBACK, and ANTRIM,
ERNEST IRVING. The county library. Van
Wert, O.: The Pioneer Press. 306 p. $2
and postage.
This story of the origin and development
of the Brumback Library of Van Wert, Ohio,
sometimes called the "pioneer county library,"
is of great interest to the library world. The
county library is defined as "a library owned
and maintained through taxation by a county
of a state and having a circulation co-extensive
with the county." This account, given with
full details and quotations from local and other
newspapers, is not only a contribution to the
solving of the problem of waste places but is
also to be commended as a very practical
manual of library economy adapted to rural
conditions. It points the way to a process of
extension that might well be undertaken
by every well established library in the
land.
In the year 1894, a small subscription library
was founded by certain ladies in the city of
Van Wert. In 1896, upon receiving aid from
the city, the library was made free. In 1897,
it had about 2000 volumes. Mr. John San-
ford Brumback, one of the leading men of the
city, having been impressed with the value
and far-reaching influence of a public library,
determined to give a library building to the
people and, with that object, had plans pre-
pared. In December, 1897, he died, at the
age of 68, and in his will was found a state-
ment of his desire with a request to his heirs
to carry out his purpose. To this was at-
tached the express condition that arrange-
ments satisfactory to them be made with the
city of Van Wert or, "if they desire and
think best," with Van Wert county, for a
proper site for the building and for the main-
tenance of the library.
In January, 1898, the widow and four chil-
dren of Mr. Brumback addressed a note to
the Ladies' Library Association, to the city
authorities and to. the county commissioners,
offering a building, suggesting a plan of tax-
ation and control, and giving strong reasons
for preferring the maintenance and use of the
library by the county, thus benefiting 30,000
people rather than 8000 in the city. They
proposed a managing board of seven persons,
of whom two should be named by the Brum-
back heirs, two by the Ladies' Association who
would then give their library to the new en-
terprise, and three to be appointed by the
county commissioners. The offer was ac-.
cepted by the county and a contract concluded
accordingly. It was necessary for the legis-
lature of Ohio to enact a county library law
to legalize the transaction. Such a law was
passed April 26, 1898, and applied to all coun-
ties in the state. The corner-stone of the
building was laid July 18, 1899. The dedica-
tion of the building, costing $50,000, was on
January I, 1901, and in that month the cir-
culation of books began.
The creation of branches or library stations
received immediate attention and one collec-
tion of loo books was sent out within a month
after the opening of the central library. In
March four other collections of 50 books each
were placed. Nine branches in all were estab-
lished in 1901, three in 1902, three in 1903 and
the last of sixteen in 1904. The story of each
of these is told. The books were generally
placed in stores, some in postoffices and
doctors' offices, one in a law office, one at a
telephone exchange, and one in a private
house. Some stations had 50 books, others
100, one, 200 and three of the larger places,
300. After a few years of trial a uniform
number of 125 was adopted, to be supple-
mented by additional collections for the larger
stations. The time of retaining the books was
at first two months and afterwards extended
to three months. It was, in brief, a county
system of traveling libraries.
In 1902, school teachers received the special
privilege of taking four books each for school
use. In 1905 collections of books were placed
in many schools, and beginning with Septem-
ber, 1914, all rural schools of the county, in
accordance with Ohio law, will have at least
fifty books each, and these will be furnished
by the Brumback Library.
In 1913, the library had 23,319 volumes and
14,774 borrowers, half the population of the
county. It reported a circulation for that year
of 90,853, of which 54,956 was from the cen-
tral library, 14,124 from the sixteen stations,
and 21,773 from the schools.
Following the story of the Brumback Li-
brary are chapters on the county library move-
ment in the United States, giving the pro-
visions of all county library laws in the vari-
ous states, followed by a discussion of their
character and working and an admirable
statement of the advantages of the county
library. There is also a tabular statement of
the statistics of 57 county libraries classed
according to their manner of organization and
sources of support, showing 22 in California,
ii in Minnesota, 9 in Wyoming, 8 in Ohio,
Ittgust, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
629
in Oregon, and I each in Missouri, Illinois,
[aryland and Indiana. Reference is also
lade to other so-called county libraries from
no data were secured.
The publication of this book containing so
mch information on a very interesting and
ital subject can not fail to call attention to
ic opportunity for great enlargement of ag-
ressive library work. Whether the territory
ler consideration is a county, a township,
>r a state, there is always the unoccupied
round which challenges the library worker
id which can be entered so easily if we have
mind and the energy to take possession.
k.fter twenty-one years of trial the traveling
>rary is no longer an experiment. Any li-
-ary anywhere can use it and it is emphati-
illy the agency by which the scattered people
must be reached. Its use by the state is only
a temporary expedient which can only touch
the margin of the real demand.
Whether the county is always the best unit
for library organization is another question.
It may be the best in Ohio, it probably is in
California and Wyoming, but it may not be
the same in New York, Pennsylvania or Con-
necticut. That will' depend on many condi-
tions, such as the density of population, the
presence of more than one important city or
village in a given county, the physical geog-
raphy of the county with consequent facility
or difficulty of communication and the number
of libraries already established which must
be dis-established if a county system is at-
tempted. In Massachusetts for instance each
county already has as many free libraries as
it has towns. It would be a difficult task now
to unite them under one management and
support them all by one county tax. But
each one of these towns has its own outlying
districts. The idea of the county library is
one to be followed everywhere where there is
a neighborhood without books.
It may be said, without detracting from the
real value of this book, that, in the closing
chapters, dealing with the general county
movement, the information is not always as
complete as might be desired. Indeed, the
authors state that their account is far from
exhaustive. For instance, to one familiar
with New York conditions, it is clear
that they can not be judged from the
county library law of that state which is of
recent date and practically quite worthless as
it stands ; not, for the reason given in this
book that it calls for an appropriation instead
of a tax, but because, under its provisions, the
property of any city or town now maintaining
a library must be taxed a second time if a
contract for the outside districts is made. A
test was made in the case of Broome county
where there was a strong demand for county
service from the city library of Binghamton.
The library was eager to furnish the books
if assured that the county would bear the
added expense. But the city, having received
a Carnegie building some years before, was
committed to a yearly library expenditure of
$7,500. The cost of procuring and sending
books in needed measure to the towns was es-
timated at $5,000 a year. If the county was to
pay it, the city, containing three fourths of
all the taxable property of the county, must
then pay three fourths of the extra cost of
lending its own books to its neighbors. To
this, the county board, on which of course the
city was strongly represented, would not con-
sent. The alternative, under the law, was for
the county to assume the entire support of the
city library. But this would tax the country
for the benefit of the city, would break up a
long established control, and interfere with
contracts and other interests. The city could
not consent to relinquish its library charter,
and so the practical obstacles to action under
the county law appeared insuperable. The
county proposition came too late. Had there
been several important libraries in the county,
as is the case in many other counties, the
difficulty of adjusting all their claims and
bringing all of them under a single county
administration would have been greater still.
A remedy might be found in so amending the
law as to exempt from taxation for this pur-
pose all property already paying a library tax,
as is done in California, Nebraska and other
states. California found it absolutely neces-
sary to any county system to offer such ex-
emption. The unwillingness to change is not
altogether unreasonable and in most cases, in
our older states, the extra tax would be
neither nominal nor small.
But long before any general county law
there were libraries in New York free to the
county. In 1864, Ezra Cornell, two years be-
fore he founded Cornell University, founded
the Cornell Library Association in Ithaca. It
was chartered by special law as "a public li-
brary the use of which shall be free to all
residents of the county of Tompkins." In
1869, the legislature also chartered the
Wadsworth Library which had been es-
tablished 26 years earlier by private gifts in
the village of Geneseo. The charter reads
that it shall be "accessible for general use to
the residents of the county of Livingston, free
of expense." These libraries have always
been free for circulation and are active to-
day; and the latter, in particular, has done
and is doing excellent work in sending li-
630
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[August, 1914
braries to make delivery stations, schools and
clubs. Its circulation may not be co-exten-
sive with the county for the very good reason
that other libraries have come in to supply
the demand of villages which could not be
satisfied with traveling libraries. But so, in
California, it is expected that many counties
will leave out parts of their territory from
their county system, but the result is called
a county library nevertheless. These two are
endowed libraries, neither managed nor sup-
ported by their counties, but serving the
county nevertheless.
The question of priority will often turn
upon a definition. One man will say that a
library which serves the county is a county
library; another will insist upon county in-
itiative and control ; the book before us passes
by initiative and control and puts the county
tax into the definition; another might, with
almost equal reason, define the county library
as one founded by the county, controlled by
the county and in a building provided by the
county. Recognition by some definite act of
the county is inportant, but probably we should
all agree that any library whose free circula-
tion is substantially co-extensive with the
county is a county library. Service is the ulti-
mate test.
In the list presented in the book appears
the name of the Cincinnati Public Library,
serving the whole of Hamilton county both
in and beyond the city. This brings to mind
other city counties. The city of New York
includes the entire territory of five counties
and three of them are still, in large part,
rural counties. The New York Public Li-
brary with 42 permanent branches, each having
at least 10,000 books, and sending out last year
919,000 volumes in traveling libraries alone
to 934 stations, serves the three counties of
New York, Bronx and Richmond and is sup-
ported as to its circulation by local tax. The
Brooklyn Public Library, with 28 branches
and 334 traveling library stations, is the free
library of the county of Kings. The Queens
Borough Public Library with 20 branches and
many traveling library stations serves the
county of Queens. These have no relation to
the county law but they do the county work.
These are all practically county libraries and
there may be others.
The Ohio law is called the first county li-
brary law because it was the first general law
to distinctly emphasize a county system adapt-
ed to rural conditions. That the idea was not
entirely new is shown by the Indiana law
of 1816 and the Wyoming law of 1886, to both
of which reference is made. But it was
the first law of the kind which succeeded.
It will be noted however that the Ohio law
is based upon a gift of money or property
or else, as amended in 1906, upon a contract
with an existing library. It does not author-
ize a county to establish a library at its own
expense. Assuming that the laws here quoted
are the only ones bearing on the subject, above
statements in regard to Ohio are also true of
the county laws of Wyoming, Wisconsin, Min-
nesota, Missouri, New York and Iowa. In all
of these laws the county takes a secondary
place and is dependent on private benevolence
or previous enterprise. Only in California,
Maryland, Washington, Oregon and Nebraska
have the counties the power to originate a
public library. So that in this respect also
the fact of priority may still be open to
question. We know that in New York there
is in the library law of 1892 a general clause
giving the power of initiative and mainte-
nance to any "other body authorized to levy
and collect taxes" which, in the opinion of
many, gave the privilege of a library to every
county, although counties were not named.
In New York, also, another law in 1896 says
that "any municipal corporation" may act
under the library law of 1892, and a county
is expressly called a "municipal corporation."
Similar provisions may exist in other states.
There were free town libraries in Connecticut
and New Hampshire long before either state
had a library law and they were tax supported
under another name as institutions of educa-
tion. We are not always compelled to wait
on the terms of the law if we have its spirit.
The facts given above show that the num-
ber of county libraries, as admitted by the
compilers, is certainly greater than the 57
named in the printed list; and that the state-
ment on page 266 that the Washington County
Free Library in Maryland, to which all honor
be given, is the only county library east of
the Allegheny mountains is scarcely correct,
though doubtless no others were reported as
county libraries. In some way, with or with-
out county law, the people of many other
counties east and west have the books. Who-
ever may have been first we agree that the
county movement has large significance in the
right direction and holds before every library
the possibilities of great extension. It is a
satisfaction to have so complete a demon-
stration of its progress. W. R. E.
PEARSON, EDMUND LESTER. The secret book.
Macmillan. 249 p. $1.25.
To be sure, you don't know much about the
secret book, the "Liber Crypticus, or Book of
Satyrs, of Cassius Parmensis," when you have
August, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
finished reading Mr. Pearson's latest contri-
bution to the joy of library living, but what
do you care? You've attended the meetings
of "the Club" (we wonder in passing if Mr.
Pearson offers them as models for other
library clubs to pattern after), and have min-
gled with gentlemen bearing distinguished and
familiar names. You have been impressed by
the quality of the information and the depth
of the philosophy embod;3d in the papers
read, and edified by the discovery of very
human qualities in the make-up of thefi,r
writers.
If you are on the staff of a library journal,
of course you may wince a little at finding
your clever characterization of a library
speech analyzed and explained with unfeeling
frankness. But suppose you are a reference
librarian, can you fail to appreciate the strug-
gles of Mr. Fernald in his effort to serve the
lady who demanded Menelik's plays and
would accept no substitute, or the man who
insisted in pursuing, through all the un-
abridged dictionaries in the reference room
his own line of original research, before he
would confide his desire to know the hidden
significance of John D. Rockefeller's middle
initial? If you are a children's librarian, can
you fail to pause and reflect, after reading
Crerar's paper on "Immoral books," on the
many pitfalls that beset the steps of the most
conscientious librarian who may desire to
guide the youthful mind along the paths of
purest literature?
Whoever you are, you will appreciate Ryer-
son's pleasant picture, interpolated in his
paper "On pirates," of one of those quiet,
drowsy libraries of a generation ago, where
you went to read and dream away the sum-
mer afternoons :
"So we all went to the public library. And
in that we were happy — happier than we
knew. It makes me pity the boys to whom
the word means a cold white building, shining
inside with brass railings and turnstiles, equip-
ped with the last word in a correct 'juvenile'
department, presided over by those whose
sweetly scientific ministrations are efficient
but irksome. This was an old and dignified
structure, shaded by trees, and even possess-
ing a bit of well-kept lawn. Ivy covered the
bricks and almost came in at the windows.
Here — though I may be mistaken in think-
ing that it had any effect on us— once lived
the proprietor of many acres, the possessor
of servants and horses, the owner of plate
and cellars of wine, and of ships that sailed
the seas. Here, in the room where ponder-
ous volumes now cover the tables, he had his
captains to dinner, and they sampled the
Madeira and sherry which these captains had
fetched home with them, and drank success
to privateering voyages. Probably they got
very merry over it all, in the regular Pepysian
fashion — I hope they did, at any rate. It
helps make the encyclopedia less dry to be-
lieve it."
And before you lay aside the book and go
back to your routine duties, be sure that you
study the index. It will repay you. It is
short, but it is sweet, and contains entries that
it seems safe to say no other writer would
have had the initiative to make. There is,
of course, the usual trifling error which
makers of indexes invariably include. It is
found on page 253, where the item "Red
whiskers, Sunflower looks well with" is re-
ferred back to page 6, when it should have
been page 7. We feel, however, that this will
probably not militate greatly against the book's
sale or usefulness. F. A. H.
^Librarians
ALLISON, Gladys B., New York State Li-
brary School, 'i3-'i4, has been appointed as-
sistant in the order and accession department
of the Library of the University of Texas, in
Austin.
BATEMAN, Margaret Louise, of the class of
1909 in the Training School for Children's
Librarians, Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh,
has been appointed children's librarian of the
City Library of Manchester, N. H., and as-
sumed her duties in July. Miss Bateman was
for two years (1912-1913) in charge of the
children's work in Oak Park, 111. She was
also lecturer on children's work in the sum-
mer school of the University of Illinois in
1913. During the last winter and spring she
has been doing temporary work in the chil-
dren's department of the Carnegie Library of
Pittsburgh, Pa.
BERRY, Ethel I., New York State Library
School, 'n-'i2, has been promoted from a po-
sition in the Walker Branch of the Minne-
apolis Public Library to take charge of its
factory and business library stations.
CALKINS, Ruth H., New York State Library
School, '13-' 14, is serving as summer assistant
in the Tompkins Square branch of the New
York Public Library.
CALL, Mrs. E. A., who has been in charge of
the Pittsfield (Me.) Public Library for sev-
eral years, has sent in her resignation, to take
effect Oct. i, when she will move to Falmouth.
632
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[August, 1914
COWLEY, Amy, New York State Library
School, '14, has been appointed librarian of
the public library at Hutchinson, Kan.
ERSKINE, Mary L., B.L.S., New York State
Library School, '14, will return to her former
position as librarian of Wilson College, Cham-
bersburg, Pa.
HAMILTON, William J., New York State Li-
brary School, '12, has been appointed first as-
sistant in the shelf department of the New
York Public Library.
HERING, Hollis W., Pratt 1910, who has
been an assistant in the Library of the Union
Theological Seminary, has been made libra-
rian of the Special Missionary Research Li-
brary in New York.
HOBART, Frances, has resigned her position
as librarian of the Bixby Memorial Free Li-
brary, Vergennes, Vt, and will spend the
summer at Columbia University, New York
City.
HODGKINS, Mabel, librarian of New Hamp-
shire College at Durham, has resigned her
position.
HULBURD, Annabel A., New York State Li-
brary School, 'o6-'o7, has been appointed to
succeed Miss Edith E. Clarke as head cata-
loger at Syracuse University Library.
KERR, Willis H., who was elected to the
presidency of Bellevue College in Bellevue,
Neb., in May, has decided not to accept the
position, and will continue his present work
as librarian of the State Normal School at
Emporia, Kan.
Kiernan, Thomas K., who had been con-
nected with Harvard University for the last
sixty years and who was known to thousands
of graduates and students, died suddenly July
31, at his home in Arlington Heights, Mass.,
in his seventy-eighth year. As superintendent
of the Harvard Library he had met every
student who studied at Harvard during the
last thirty-five years.
LAMB, C. Louise, New York State Library
School, '13-14, has been appointed librarian
of Branch B of the Minneapolis Public
Library.
LATTA, Mary B,. Drexel 1914, will serve
as acting librarian of the Falls of Schuylkill
branch of the Free Library of Philadelphia
during August and September.
MCKNIGHT, Elizabeth B., who has been li-
brarian of the Barringer High School branch
of the Newark Public Library, has joined
the staff of the Girls' High School Library in
Brooklyn.
McMiLLEN, James A., New York State
Library School, '15, is spending the summer
months in the catalog department of the New
York Public Library.
MACNAIR, Rebecca S., New York State Li-
brary School, 'n-'i2, has resigned her position
as assistant librarian of the high school library
at Pasadena, Cal., to become first assistant in
the Kern County Library at Bakersfield, Cal.
MAYES, Olive, Pratt 1913, has been made
librarian of the Alabama Girls' Technical In-
stitute at Montevallo, Alabama.
MILLER, Edyth L., Pratt 1903, has been made
bibliographer of the New International En-
cyclopaedia.
RICE, Paul N., New York State Library
School, '12, has gone to the New York Public
Library as reference and information desk
assistant in the public catalog room.
SHARPE, Margaret, New York State Library
School, 'i3-'i4, has been appointed assistant in
Wesleyan University Library, Middletown,
Connecticut.
. STANLEY, HARRIET H., has been appointed
librarian of the New Hampshire College of
Agriculture and Mechanic Arts at Durham.
The Hamilton Smith Public Library of Dur-
ham is housed with the college library under
one librarianship. Miss Stanley goes to the
work in August, after several weeks, June-
July, at McGill University in Montreal, where
she has given instruction in the summer li-
brary school.
SUTCLIFFE, Marjorie T., Simmons College
Library School, 1911, has resigned her posi-
tion as assistant in the Wellesley College Li-
brary to become assistant in the City Library
of Manchester, N. H., and has already begun
her work there.
TRUE, Dr. Frederick William, who was suc-
cessively librarian, curator of mammals, ex-
ecutive curator and head curator of the depart-
ment of biology in the United States National
Museum, and for the last few years assistant
secretary of the Smithsonian Institute, died in
the George Washington Hospital, Washington,
D. C, June 24.
WHITE, Mabel G., B.L.S., New York State
Library School, '08, has resigned her position
in the Mott Haven Branch of the New York
Public Library to become assistant to the su-
perintendent of public libraries of the Board
of Education of the City of New York.
WILLCOX, E. S., librarian of the Peoria
(111.) Public Library for the last thirty years,
received the degree of Doctor of Literature
from Knox College at its commencement this
year. Mr. Willcox began his career sixty
years ago as a professor in Knox College,
leaving that position to practise law.
THE LIBRARY WORLD
New England
MASSACHUSETTS
Amherst. The Massachusetts Agricultural
College has issued a number of "library leaf-
lets" this "year as a part of Its extension ser-
vice. Each leaflet has a list of ten to fifteen
titles, with brief notes, a paragraph of infor-
mation on how to obtain state and federal
publications, and a short list of recommended
periodicals. Some of the newest leaflets are
"The bookkeeper's bookshelf," "Helps for the
live stock farmer," "Books for tree wardens,"
"Selected list on rural civic improvement,"
and "Books for the amateur flower gardener."
Amherst Coll. L. Robert S. Fletcher, Ibn.
(Rpt. — yr. ending July 31, 1913.) Accessions
2900; total number of volumes 104,422. Circu-
lation 11,077, of which 6 1 per cent, belonged to
the student body. Income from various book
funds amounted to $7,644.78 ; expenditures for
books were $4,398.06, • for binding $859.72, and
for periodicals $1,397.95.
The overcrowding of the library is dwelt
upon at length. Since the publication of the
report, steps have been taken to secure a new
building and preliminary plans are now being
prepared. The establishment of a fund to
provide material for research work, and the
publication of the results of such research in
a college series, is urged, both for the sake of
improvement in quality of the library's own
collection and for the added standing given
to the college in the educational world.
Beverly. The sum of $1,000 was left to the
Beverly Public Library by the late Miss Sarah
Warner Clark.
Boston. The Pilgrim Publicity Association
of Boston is urging the establishment of a
branch of the Boston Public Library in the
business district of the city.
Boston P. L. Horace G. Wadlin, Ibn.
(62d rpt— yr. ending Jan. 31, 1914.) Acces-
sions 37,606; total number volumes 1,067,103,
of which 253,570 are in the branches. Total
circulation 1,848,973, of which 1,641,433 were
for home use and 207,540 for schools and
other institutions. Total registration 92,599,
a gain of 3906. Receipts were $426,381.68,
and of the expenditures $49,094.70 went for
books (including $7,452.72 for periodicals,
$2,000 for newspapers, and $823.36 for photo-
graphs) ; salaries in the central library and
the branches, $232,859.89; printing department,
including salaries, $11,342.69; and the binding
department (including salaries amounting to
$29,296.04), $36,289.67. The average cost per
volume for books purchased was $1.42, as
against $1.50 in 1912.
The library has supplied with books 28
branches and reading rooms, 139 public and
parochial schools, 62 engine houses, and 36
other institutions. The new North End
branch building was opened in February,
1913, and the new building for the Charles-
town branch in November. Work was started
on the East Boston branch (which was com-
pleted last May). New quarters have been
provided for several reading rooms, and two
new ones have been established.
In the catalog department 57,664 volumes,
covering 37,306 titles, were cataloged, and
164,535 cards added to the catalog. In Bates
Hall, the main reading room at the central
building, no accurate record can be kept of
the number of volumes used, but some con-
ception may be formed from the fact that
during the year 575,000 slips were used in
calling for books for hall use, and 255,000 for
home use. For the 9000 reference books on
the open shelves in the Hall no slips are
needed.
The library has gradually acquired a col-
lection of lantern slides, principally for use in
its own lecture courses, but available for lend-
ing, under proper restrictions. The total
number is now 4,406, and during the year
2,662 slides have been lent to 83 borrowers.
The examining committee, in its report, rec-
ommends closer co-operation between the
library and the public schools, many of which
are also purchasing lantern slide collections,
to prevent the present possibility of duplica-
tion.
A long list of the free public lectures de-
livered in the lecture hall of the central
building during the year is given. Geography,
travel, archaeology, music, literature, art, and
drama are only a few of the subjects given.
Work in the branches has shown steady
growth. The knowledge of what the library
offers is constantly increasing, through the
co-operative work with schools and study
classes, the use of books by various clubs
and the university extension courses. More
and more foreigners use the library, and this
calls for an increase in the personal assistance
necessary to be given to readers by members
of the staff.
The examining committee, in its report, rec-
ommends the seizure of a strip of land in the
634
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[August, 1914
rear of the library to provide for an extension
to the present library building. The land is
assessed for about $150,000, and a building
could probably be erected for less than $200,-
ooo. Access might be had through a passage-
way from Exeter street, and the addition
would add materially to the stock room be-
sides affording a possible rearrangement and
enlargement of some of the public rooms of
the library. The committee also recommends
an increase in book appropriations ; better
salaries, with a rearrangement of hours of
service; consideration of pension legislation;
and many changes and improvements in
branch quarters.
There are in the regular service of the
library 320 persons, and those required in the
Sunday and evening and extra service raise
the total number of persons who must be
paid to 573. This number has been and will
be increased during the coming year by about
25-
Cambridge. Harvard Univ. L. William C.
Lane, Ibn. (Rpt. — yr. ending June 30, 1913.)
Accessions 39,356; total number of volumes
and pamphlets 1,747,011. Circulation 100,-
204, including hall use and overnight use of
reference books from Gore Hall and Harvard
Hall. Total expended for books $46,670.
The chief event of the year was the moving
of 500,000 volumes from Gore Hall to Ran-
dall Hall and to nine other buildings, described
at length in the LIBRARY JOURNAL for Febru-
ary, 1913. Through a large purchase the li-
brary now possesses a collection of some
7000 pamphlets on English history between
1600 and 1800, rivalling that of the British
Museum. The work of substituting Library
of Congress cards for the former smaller
ones was completed about Nov. i, after four-
teen months. After this began the making of
cards for the public catalog, of books noted
only in the official catalog. In eight months
about 43,000 titles were so added. The pro-
cess of the merging of the libraries of the
Harvard Divinity School and of Andover
Theological Seminary continues, and the li-
brary of the Blue Hill Observatory appears
for the first time as a constituent part of the
University Library. A better organization of
the staff and an improvement in rates of pay,
in working hours, and in vacation privileges
have been considered.
Needham. By a vote of 142 to 94 a special
meeting decided to accept the offer of William
Carter of Needham Heights to buy the public
library building for $12,000 and present the
town $8,000 and a more central site at the
corner of Rosemark street and Highland ave-
nue, half way between the villages of Need-
ham and Needham Heights, provided the town
would appropriate an aditional $10,000 to com-
plete the new library building.
Salem. Mr. Gardner M. Jones, librarian of
the Salem Public Library, has written to the
JOURNAL to correct the statement in the daily
papers that the public library was burned in
the late fire. The library and its branches, as
well as the Essex Institute, Salem Athenaeum,
and the Peabody Museum are entirely unin-
jured. The only library loss is that of books
in the hands of readers. Mr. Jones also re-
ports to his friends that his own house is in
a section of the city that escaped, but that six
employes were burned out.
Springfield. The Memorial Square branch
of the City Library was dedicated June 23.
The branch will serve a territory having a
population of about 30,000. Some 5000 books
were placed in the branch before the opening,
and an appropriation of $2,000 for additional
books is available, to be used as soon as the
patronage shows what kind of books will be
most needed. The building is of light buff
brick with Indiana limestone trimmings. The
basement, which will contain a large assem-
bly hall and banquet room, has not yet been
finished. The cost complete with furnishings
was $35,000, of which $26,000 was given by
Mr. Carnegie. The architect was Edward L.
Tilton of New York, who has been associated
with E. C. & G. C. Gardner. Miss Avis M.
Morrison will be the librarian in charge.
Worcester. Clarence S. Brigham, librarian
of the American Antiquarian Society, records
in his report for the year ending in October,
1913, that the accessions for the year num-
bered 11,206. These figures include books,
pamphlets, early newspapers, maps, broad-
sides, and manuscripts. The report consists
largely of a detailed description of many of
the accessions.
Worcester F. P. L. Robert K. Shaw, Ibn.
(54th rpt. — yr. ending Nov. 30, 1913.) Net
accessions 8307; total number of volumes in
library 200,934. Circulation, home and school
use, 466,339. New registration 4680; total
registraton 24,091. Receipts $56,135.28; ex-
penditures $54,810.32, including $10,246.95 for
books, $4095.75 for binding.
The report contains an appeal for a new
building. Of the congestion in the central
library it says: "Its main features, including
the entire absence of method or uniformity in
the arrangement of book-stacks in the circula-
tion and children's departments, forced upon
us by the exigencies of the old building; the
dark and dingy corners in which books must
August, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
635
there be housed ; the occasional crowding of a
new book-case into aisles already narrow;
the annoyance and discomfort increasingly
felt by students who try to consult our book-
stacks ; the exposure of valuable books in
over-heated rooms ; and worst of all, the
daily peril of thousands of precious volumes
to fire, are a part of a too familiar tale.
"With our circulation department in the
condition indicated it is not surprising that its
issue of books has not kept pace with last
year, the total count for the past twelve
months being 243,544 as compared with 259,-
384 of the previous year, showing a loss of
15,840 or 6.5%. Large gains in the children's
department, however, still gives us a comfort-
ing increase, in the total home and school
use, of 20,728 or 4.7% over last year's 10%
gain."
Three new branches were started, and were
opened to the public in February of this year,
the buildings being erected from a fund of
$75,000 given by the Carnegie Corporation.
RHODE ISLAND
Providence. The branch of the public li-
brary in Sprague House was threatened with
extinction this summer when workers in the
settlement decided to transfer their work to
another section of the city. The directors of
Sprague House made a proposition to the
Library Association to permit the continued
use of the building as a library providing the
cost of maintenance would be cared for by
the Providence Public Library. Because of
the recent purchase of land the Library Asso-
ciation felt that they could not supply the
necessary funds, but the city council has voted
the appropriation of $600 for the balance of
the fiscal year, which ends in September'.
There was no opposition to the proposition
and it will be taken up again at the first meet-
ing of the council in September for the pur-
pose of appropriating a sum sufficient to
maintain the library for another year. This
plan is to be followed each year as a regular
yearly appropriation. During the past year
more than 21,000 volumes have been issued
at the branch and it is the intention to broaden
the scope of the present system. The library
is to be opened every day, including Sunday,
and also during the evening.
CONNECTICUT
Seymour. Charles P. Wooster, at one time
a resident of this town, set aside in his will,
which was recently probated, the sum of
$51,000 for the establishment of a public
library here.
Middle Atlantic
NEW YORK
Brooklyn. Contracts for the construction
of the Red Hook branch of the Brooklyn
Public Library, to be located at Visitation
place and Richards street, are about ready to
be signed. This branch is the last of the
twenty Carnegie library buildings allotted to
Brooklyn. It will be the only library in the
borough equipped with an open air reading
room. The building will cost about $50,000.
The main entrance will be two stories high
and the rear of the building will be one story.
Brooklyn. The Eastern Parkway branch,
at Eastern Parkway and Schenectady avenue,
was formally opened on Tuesday afternoon,
July 7, at 4 o'clock. Addresses were made by
Borough President Pounds, David A. Boody,
William H. Good and Edward P. Lyon.
The Brownsville Children's Library, at
Stone and Dumont avenues, will probably be
ready for occupancy the latter part of Sep-
tember.
Franklinville. The Franklinville Library
founded eight years ago, is to have a new
building. It will be called the Blount Library
in honor of a former resident who has con-
tributed $5,000 to the building fund. A grant
of $2,200 has been promised from the Carne-
gie Corporation, and $1000 has been raised in
the village. The building will be one story
high, constructed of gray brick.
Ithaca. The Cornell University Library has
issued volume vn of "Islandica," an annual
relating to Iceland and the Fiske Icelandic
collection in the university library, which is
edited by George William Harris, the libra-
rian. This latest volume contains "The
story of Griselda in Iceland," printed in Ice-
landic, and edited with a historical introduc-
tion in English, by Halldor Hermannsson.
Ithaca. The presentation to the University
Library of the Comstock Memorial Library
Fund was a feature of commencement at Cor-
nell. The fund amounts to over $2500, raised
by voluntary contributions from former stu-
dents of Prof. Comstock, the famous ento-
mologist, on the occasion of his retirement
after forty-one years of active service, and
will be used to buy books on entomology.
New York City. The maximum salary of
high school librarians, after ten years of ser-
vice, has been placed by the Board of Edu-
cation of New York City at $2,000.
New York City. The New York Society
Library of 109 University Place, which was
founded in 1754, has issued a pamphlet con-
taining a historical sketch, together with lists
636
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[August, 1914
of shareholders, officers, and benefactors. The
illustrations include pictures of the various
buildings which the library has occupied, and
full-page portraits of all the chairmen from
Robert Kelly, who occupied the chair in 1856,
down to Frederic de Peyster Foster, who has
been chairman since 1907.
New York City. President Moskowitz of
the Civil Service Commission has taken the in-
itial steps to establish a civil service reference
library in the offices of the commission on the
fourteenth floor of the Municipal Building.
The move is part of a plan to bring about a
system of co-operation between the Civil
Service Commission in this city and commis-
sions in every city of importance in the Union
and Canada. Letters have been sent out to
the heads of civil service commissions in
twenty-five cities and nine states. The out-of-
town commissions are asked to send in
copies of the rules and regulations governing
them ; copies of annual reports and other pub-
lications which shed any light on their methods
of doing business. It is hoped to bring about
a systematic exchange of examination papers
also. One of the first things President Mos-
kowitz expects to accomplish through the
inter-city co-operating plan is the preparation
of a classified list of all municipal positions
into two divisions — those that are exempt
from civil service examinations and those that
are in the competitive class.
New York City. The latest project of the
Church Peace Union, founded with a $2,000,000
endowment by Andrew Carnegie in February,
is the establishment of a peace library in this
city. The appropriation for this undertaking
has been made at Mr. Carnegie's suggestion,
and authority given to Rev. Dr. Frederick
Lynch, the secretary of the Union, to begin at
once to collect all available literature on all
phases of international relationships. The
library is to be located for the present in the
Education Building, at No. 70 Fifth avenue.
Dr. Lynch announces that the Union will
also begin a literature of its own, to be part,
not only of the new library here, but to be
supplied to clergymen throughout the country.
Dr. Lynch also thinks it quite possible that
extensive libraries in a number of centers
throughout the country will be formed. This
branch of the work is to be done under the
supervision of Dr. Lynch, Edwin D. Mead,
secretary of the World's Peace Foundation,
and Hamilton Holt, editor of the Independent.
New York City. A book, entitled "The New
York Public Library," written in Russian, has
been published recently in Moscow. The au-
thor is Mme. L. B. Khavkina, a Russian lady,
who is a student of library work, a lecturer on
that subject, and a member of bibliographical
and literary societies. The chief purpose of
the book is to show Russian readers not only
the extent of library work in America, as rep-
icsented by this library, but also the freedom
with which books are offered to the readers.
She points out that although the national
libraries of Europe enjoy the same advantage
over the American public library that the Li-
brary of Congress possesses — a compulsory
gift of all copyrighted books — nevertheless
the European libraries do not make their books
one half as accessible as do the public libra-
ries in this country. And the latter have to
buy their books for themselves. Mme. Khav-
kina gives a history of the Astor and Lenox
libraries, the Tilden fund, and the New York
Free Circulating Library — the component
parts of the present New York Public Library.
She speaks of the various privileges for read-
ers, the exhibitions of books and of pictures,
the travelling libraries, lecture rooms and their
use. She dwells upon the work with schools,
and for children generally. The book is illus-
trated with sixteen views of the library build-
ings, and of various rooms and activities
within them. A number of copies of the book
are to be placed in the branches here for the
use of Russian readers.
Syracuse. The Syracuse Public Library in
a pamphlet issued in June gives some interest-
ing information about itself. With a total cir-
culation during 1913 of 362,175, the expenses
of circulation were $36,160, or a little less than
ten cents a volume. Besides the main build-
ings, of which Ezekiel W. Mundy is librarian,
there is one branch and ten stations. The li-
brary has installed a large map, made up of the
topographical sheets of the U. S. Geological
Survey, and covering the district surrounding
Syracuse. With the co-operation of various
railways, all the interurban trolley lines cen-
tering in Syracuse are shown on this map.
The library has collections of books in Ger-
man and Italian that are very popular, a muni-
cipal reference department, and a valuable col-
lection of books on genealogy and local his-
tory.
NEW JERSEY
Caldwell. The matter of locating the pro-
posed Cleveland Memorial Library offered by
Andrew Carnegie to the town of Caldwell
seems to be stirring up considerable feeling.
When subscriptions were solicited, and con-
tributed, throughout the country it was under-
stood that the library was to stand on the
Cleveland birthplace property, adjacent to the
house where Cleveland was born. It was so
stated by Dr. John H. Finley, president of the
August, 1914]
•THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
637
Cleveland Association, when he asked Mr.
Carnegie to renew his old offer of funds, and
the latter agreed to the site. Difficulty now
arises from the fact that many feel the loca-
tion is too far from the center of the town,
and many suggestions for a change of loca-
tion have been made.
East Orange. The board of trustees of the
East Orange Public Library has in contem-
plation an addition to the iuiain library build-
ing at Main street and Munn avenue. Plans
for the structure have been drawn by Hobart
A. Walker and will be submitted to the
finance committee of the city council with a
request that a bond issue be authorized to
defray the cost.
Hoboken. The trustees of the Free Public
Library have adopted two new rules for the
government of the library. All applicants for
positions henceforth must be between the ages
of 18 and 35, in good health, and residents of
the city for at least two years prior to their
application. They will also be required to pass
a written examination as prescribed by the
trustees, and after passing the examination
must serve a probationary period of six
months before receiving a permanent appoint-
ment.
Navesink. The new Public Library was
opened June n. The Navesink Library As-
sociation was organized last winter. The
association leased the old Baptist church at
Navesink and had the building remodeled.
The library has about 680 volumes, in addi-
tion to those loaned by the state.
Newark. William H. Rademaekers, who
does the binding for the Newark Free Public
Library, and H. G. Buchan, the originator of
the Buchan patent magazine binder, have or-
ganized the Rademaekers-Buchan Co., with of-
fices at 123 Liberty street, New York, for the
manufacture of magazine binders.
Princeton. The Princeton University has is-
sued author finding lists of the Class of 1889
Library of American History and Politics,
containing over 900 titles, and of the Class of
1875 Library of English Poetry and Drama
which was established in 1895 and now con-
tains over 2200 volumes.
PENNSYLVANIA
Chester. Frank Grant Lewis, in his report
of the Crozer Theological Seminary Library
for the year ending April 30, 1914, records
an increased use of the library by the stu-
dents, and, through the extension department,
by the surrounding community. The library
of the seminary and that of the American
Baptist Historical Society are administered
jointly, giving increased usefulness to both
at a considerable saving in expense. A card
index of periodical material not indexed else-
where has been continued and developed.
Owing to insufficient help, a large number of
books given to the library are still uncataloged,
although the librarian sacrified his vacation
last summer to further the work of the li-
brary. The need of a larger staff is dilated
upon throughout the report.
Lancaster. Announcement has been made of
a donation from Dr. Frank R. Diffenderfer, of
this city, of $1,000 for a Diffenderfer alcove
in the Watts de Peyster Library and 638 books
to be placed in the same.
Philadelphia. Announcement that plans are
under way for the erection of a free Carnegie
library at Wayne and Hunting Park avenues
was made at a recent meeting of the North
Philadelphia Business Men's Association.
West Chester. By the will of Sarah J.
Farley, who died recently, the sum of $500 is
left to the West Chester Public Library.
DELAWARE
Wilmington. The request first presented to
the city council last fall by the Wilmington
Institute Free Library, that the council ap-
propriate annually $50 for every $1,000 given
to the library, the whole not to exceed $300,-
ooo, has been granted by a unanimous vote of
the city council on July 29. This will necessi-
tate the city appropriating an additional $15,-
ooo annually to the library in addition to the
$15,430 now given each year to that insti-
tution.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Washington. An item of $25,000 has been
inserted in the Legislative, Executive and Ju-
dicial Appropriation bill, to be spent by the
Library of Congress in assembling, summariz-
ing, translating, and otherwise preparing for
members of Congress material bearing upon
proposed legislation. The library has, of
course, done a good deal of this work ever
since its establishment, but the special appro-
priation will enable its resources to be still
better utilized.
The South
SOUTH CAROLINA
Charleston. At the one hundred and sixty-
sixth annual meeting of the Charleston Li-
brary Society, President Ficken, in his annual
report, announced that the Carnegie Corpora-
tion would give the library $5,000 conditioned
638
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[August, 1914
upon the wiping out of its indebtedness and
that, hoping to see the library free from debt,
Miss Mary Jane Ross had donated $1,000.
He also said that the new building on King
street was awaiting formal acceptance by the
architects. The society adopted an amend-
ment to the constitution, providing that mem-
bers be permitted to take out an additional
book for each dollar in excess of the pre-
scribed subscription. The membership at
present numbers 707. Circulation for the year
was : Fiction, 29,669 ; non-fiction, 6864, and
periodicals, 4579. To date 37,373 volumes and
3218 pamphlets have been cataloged. Of the
1002 accessions, 62 were gifts. Government
accessions were 255 volumes, 1756 pamphlets
and 60 maps.
Clinton. Ground has been broken for the
new science hall and library at the Presby-
terian College of South Carolina.
GEORGIA
Athens. "The library and the alumni" is
the title of an article on the library of the
University of Georgia, written by Duncan Bur-
net, the librarian, and published in the April
number of the university Bulletin. The article
was specially written to inform alumni of the
university of the present position of the li-
brary in university life and work, and to em-
body a prophecy of possibilities of service.
The library is open eleven hours each day, and
the average daily attendance for eight months,
averaged by months, ranged from 170 to 240.
The library contains about 30,000 volumes, of
which not more than 15,000 are "live." Out-
side use of books has increased till it is now
ten times what it was a decade ago. Many
lists of references are prepared for the use of
debaters and others, but the library is much
handicapped by insufficient funds in its effort
to provide up-to-date material for the use of
students and professors.
Atlanta. A strong effort will be made at the
next session of the General Assembly to enact
a law and secure an appropriation to establish
a legislative reference department at the State
Library. Mrs. M. B. Cobb, the state libra-
rian, is a member of the commission appointed
last summer to investigate the matter and
make recommendations.
Boston. The new $6,000 Carnegie Library
is practically completed. Much interest has
been taken in this new institution by the
business men of the town ; but the initiative in
procuring the gift from Mr. Carnegie was
taken by the ladies of the Twentieth Century
Club, a local organization.
KENTUCKY
Georgetown. The formal opening of the
Scott County Free Public Library was held
June 26. The library opened with 750 vol-
umes, all donated by residents of the county.
Louisville. The Carnegie Corporation has
refused to grant the Board of Trustees of the
Louisville Free Public Library an additional
$50,000 for the erection of branch libraries
in Butchertown and South Louisville. Mr.
Bertram's letter said that Louisville has a
population of 235,000 and has eight branch
libraries and one main library. He said that
he believes this to be sufficient because one
library should be enough for every 25,000 of
population.
Louisville. The Louisville Free Public Li-
brary has issued a very attractive 36-page
booklet descriptive of the library and its
branches. The frontispiece is an excellent pic-
ture of the exterior of the main building, and
each page has at the top a half-tone in brown
showing other views of the main building or
of the different branches. Below are given
statistics covering the cost and resources of
the building, figures of circulation, or descrip-
tive notes on the use of the room shown, each
page being a complete unit.
Louisville. The bronze bust of Lincoln by
Moses Ezekiel, which was presented to the
state and has stood in the Capitol since 1910,
has been transferred to the Public Library
here. It was accepted, with appropriate cere-
monies, June 27. On June 29, the statue of
George D. Prentice, presented to the Public
Library by the Louisville Courier- Journal, was
unveiled. Mr. Prentice was the founder of
the Louisville Journal, and the statue was
placed in 1876 over the door of the Courier-
Journal building. The removal of the offices
of the newspaper to a more modern building
led to the present disposition of the statue,
facing the main entrance of the library.
MISSISSIPPI
West Point. The West Point Carnegie Li-
brary Association has received plans and speci-
fications for the library building to be erected
in this city. All that is now necessary is the
selection of a suitable location. A donation
of $10,000 has been promised and approved
by the Carnegie Library Association.
Central West
MICHIGAN
Detroit. The Detroit Public Library Hand-
book, first printed in 1900, has been revised by
Henry M. Utley, librarian emeritus, and re-
issued. In addition to the record of the early
August, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
639
history of the library, the story of the secur-
ing in 1901 of a Carnegie grant of $750,000
for central building and branches, and of the
subsequent establishment of several branches
from these and other funds, is set down. The
history of the acquisition of a suitable site for
a central building and of the selection of Cass
Gilbert of New York as architect, is also in-
cluded. At the end of the handbook are print-
ed lists of the library commissioners since it
was put under a board of commissioners in
1881, and summary tables showing the re-
ceipts and also the growth and use of the li-
brary since its establishment. A most attract-
ive brochure containing illustrations and de-
scriptions of all the branches was issued
early in the spring.
Houghton. A movement is on foot to bring
about the consolidation of the Hancock and
Houghton Public Libraries by allowing
free access to the books to residents of
either town. People of Hancock have long
been patrons of the Houghton Library, before
its organization under the present arrange-
ment. It is believed that charging a fee of $i
a year would overcome all the technicalities
which might arise through non-residents using
the library, and in the end insure a much
larger circulation.
OHIO
Akron. The Firestone Tire & Rubber Com-
pany have recently installed an industrial li-
brary. The best books, articles or digests of
material along the special interests of em-
ployes are to be procured, and the library
staff will be expected to keep in touch with
employes and see that they are supplied with
the up-to-date material as it comes in. A re-
search staff will be kept busy looking through
magazines, newspapers, and trade journals,
and items of interest will be noted. Regular
bulletins will be issued, and books will be lent
for home use. Correspondence courses will
be installed, and the service extended to all
branches of the firm.
Cincinnati. Recent statistics of the total li-
brary circulation show that during 1913-14
the main library, together with its branches
and school and home libraries, circulated 1,603,-
187 books, 363,784 pictures, 85,930 lantern
slides, and 30,561 music rolls, making a grand
total of 2,083,462. It is the first year that
lantern slides and music rolls have been in
circulation, and the figures show that the op-
portunity has been appreciated.
Cleveland. The following is a brief sum-
mary of the statistical report of the work of
the Cleveland Public Library for 1913. The
report shows substantial gains in every de-
partment of the library's activities :
The total issue of books for home use was
2,668,430, as against 2,557,897 in 1912, a gain
of 110,533, or 4.3 per cent. Of the total num-
ber of books in circulation, 912,236, or 34.3
per cent., were adult fiction, a comparatively
small percentage. The class having the next
largest circulation was juvenile fiction, of
which 403,069 volumes were issued. Sociology
headed the classed books with 215,824, litera-
ture coming next in circulation with 117,953.
This is interesting but not remarkable, as
Cleveland people evidence in many ways their
practical interest in everything pertaining to
social and civic welfare, and fifty-six women's
clubs are registered at the Main Library. The
circulation of books in foreign languages was
198,828 volumes, also not remarkable in view
of the fact that only 23.6 per cent, of the popu-
lation is native born of native parentage.
The number of visitors for reading and ref-
erence recorded at the Main Library and
branches was 1,513,760; however, this count is
incomplete, as no record of visitors to the
Main Library has been kept since its removal
in August to its new quarters. On account of
the arrangement of the library by subjects,
rather than in two main departments — refer-
ence and circulating — as heretofore, it is not
practicable to keep account of readers in the
scattered divisions with any accuracy. As a
matter of fact, on account of the improved
facilities for serious study, there were more
reference visitors to the Main Library from
August to September, 1913, than at any equal
period in its history.
Applications for borrower's cards necessary
to secure books for home use numbered 152,-
762 in December, a gain of 8,325 over the
number in force at the same time last year.
The number of inventoried volumes in the
system was 511,067, an increase of 23,669 vol-
umes, or 4.8 per cent. Unaccessioned and in-
ventoried volumes in the John G. White col-
lection of folklore, and public documents,
number considerably above 20,000 additional
volumes. The library is also the custodian of
over 28,000 volumes belonging to churches,
schools and various organizations, bringing
the total number of volumes shelved to about
560,000 volumes. During the year 57,049 vol-
umes were added to the library, and 1820
ephemera.
The number of agencies for the distribution
of books was 546, a gain of 76, or 16.2 per cent,
over the number in any preceding year. These
agencies were the Main Library, n large
branches, 14 smaller branches, 7 high schools,
i normal school and 9 graded school branches ;
640
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[August, 1914
2 children's branches, the Library for the
Blind, 360 classroom libraries in public, pa-
rochial, special and other schools, orphan
asylums and institutions, 57 home libraries,
and 35 deposit and 48 delivery stations, which
circulated 130,353 books to department stores,
factories, telephone stations, institutions, clubs
and engine houses.
Niles. A spacious library will be one of the
main features of the proposed McKinley me-
morial that is to be erected by the National
McKinley Birthplace Memorial Association at
Niles.
INDIANA
Evansville. Construction of the fourth pub-
lic library in the city is complete. The newest
addition to the library system will be for the
exclusive use of colored people. The building
will be opened by the city library board in the
fall. The building is of brick and terra cotta.
It fronts 56 feet on Cherry street and runs 40
feet on Church street. There is a full size
basement in which are an assembly room for
men, a men's meeting room and toilets. On
the first floor are two reading rooms, each 17
by 30 feet, and a room for the librarian.
ILLINOIS
Abingdon. Voted to issue bonds for site for
library building, but has been held up on ac-
count of the suffrage question. Mr. Mosser
has given $10,000 for the building.
Ale do. The township, which voted a tax
of 1.5 mills for a library last year, has this
spring elected a library board. The Carnegie
Corporation has offered $10,000 for the li-
brary building.
Atlanta. The public library has been re-
classified according to the decimal classifica-
tion, the work being done by Miss Florence
Newell.
Auburn. The City Council appropriated
$600 for the general fund for a public library.
Miss Mayme McLaughlin has been appointed
librarian and will attend the library summer
school at the University of Illinois.
Brookfield. The public library was dedi-
cated June 27. Mr. George B. Utley was the
chief speaker. Other speakers were Miss
Anna May Price, of the Illinois Library Ex-
tension Commission, Mrs. W. A. Adams of
Brookfield, and Mr. Hoig. The library was
opened for circulation June 29. A good col-
lection of juvenile books was donated to the
library by the Kindergarten Extension Asso-
ciation.
Carmi. The City Council has appropriated
$1,000 for the support of the public library,
which has, until the present time, been sup-
ported by the Women's Club of Carmi. The
library board has received offers of $10,000 for
a building from the Carnegie Corporation, and
plans are being prepared by Clifford Shopbell
and Company, Evansville, Ind.
Chillicothe. A two mill tax was voted for a
free public library. Credit is given the Wom-
en's Club and the University Club for the
success of the campaign.
Decatur. A children's room, the pleasantest
in the building, was opened in the Public Li-
brary early in May, and has been largely pat-
ronized ever since.
Galena. The annual report of the public li-
brary shows that 18,000 persons used the
library during the year. The rental collection
of books proved very successful; $9.73 was
the amount of the first purchase, which proved
so popular that the fund was increased to
$120.40 through the rental of books; 114 books
were purchased, 60 of which have more than
• paid for themselves. "Their yesterdays"
proved the most popular book.
Joliet. By the will of Freelove M. Smith
the library was given 1160 volumes and a
maintenance fund of $10,000, also a number of
valuable paintings, a set of sycamore library
furniture, a rug and other articles of inter-
est. Mr. Smith was one of the founders of
the library and a member of the first board of
directors.
Mason City. The City Council has taken
over the library which has been maintained
by the Women's Club for the past five years.
Urbana. The University of Illinois Library
last summer purchased through Gustav Fock
of Leipzig the library of Prof. Vahlen, said to
be the finest collection of classical and philo-
logical books in private hands. This sale is
said to be the most important since the dis-
persal of Mommsen's library at the famous
historian's death. Prof. Vahlen's collection
contained 25,000 volumes, including a number
of rare manuscripts and monographs. At the
same time the pedagogical library of Professor
Aron was acquired by the University.
Virden. A new public library has been es-
tablished and the books have been placed in
the Ladies' Rest Room. Miss Evans, who has
charge of the rest room, has been appointed
librarian. The work of establishing the libra-
ry has been done by the women's clubs,
largely through the efforts of Miss Ella lone
Simons. The library consists of 500 volumes,
all of which have been accessioned and classi-
fied according to the decimal classification.
August, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
641
Wilmington. Voted one mill tax for town-
ship library, and a library board has been
elected. Mrs. William Pawling has been en-
gaged as librarian. The library contains about
1500 volumes.
Th« North West
MINNESOTA
Minneapolis. An unusual collection of lan-
tern slides and pictures has just been pur-
chased by the Public Library from E. A. Brom-
ley. The collection consists of 1800 slides and
pictures of historical points in Minnesota, old
settlers, and incidents of importance in the his-
tory of Minnesota. It is the most complete
collection in the state and could not be dupli-
cated. The collection will be ready for use by
the general public in the fall. Mr. Bromley
has been engaged to make an index to the
slides with descriptive text.
The South West
MISSOURI
St. Joseph. The Globe-Democrat says that
Andrew Carnegie, who has already given three
libraries to St. Joseph, has made an offer to
donate another, larger than any of the others,
in order to fill a long-felt want for a public
museum. The offer is for $100,000 conditional
on the school district's allowing $25,000 for the
installation of the museum in the present main
library. This is prohibited under the present
laws, but an effort to raise the money by pop-
ular subscription will be made. Owners of
several collections in St. Joseph, including the
Harry L. George Indian collection, one of the
most complete in the United States, have
agreed to house their property in the new mu-
seum.
KANSAS
On April i the state Traveling Libraries
Commission had 580 traveling libraries in cir-
culation— the largest number sent out since the
commission was organized. The 580 libraries
contain 50 books each, making a total of 29,-
ooo volumes. The only expense for one of
these libraries is two dollars, which pays trans-
portation both ways. They are loaned for six
months.
Abilene. In ten years the Abilene Public Li-
brary has grown from 1000 to 5000 volumes,
from a yearly issue of 8000 to 18,000 books, and
from 15,000 to 36,000 yearly attendance. It
has a $12,000 Carnegie buildiing. The city pays
only for the library's running expenses ex-
clusive of books. The book fund is raised by
private effort. Miss Lida Romig is librarian.
Emporia. Ten thousand dollars is the en-
dowment for the book fund of the Emporia
City Library, left by the will of the late Cap-
tain L. M. Heritage. The library maintains
a deposit collection of books at the Maynard
social center and is preparing for other ex-
tensions of its usefulness. Captain Heritage
also left the library $2,000 for immediate use
in purchasing books.
Eureka. A new Carnegie building has been
completed, and it was expected it would be
occupied about July first. Miss Clover Mahan
has been elected librarian. The building cost
$8,000.
Manhattan. The Manhattan Public Library
gained twelve per cent, last year in its loans
to the public. Eighty-eight periodicals are re-
ceived. A Saturday morning story hour for
children is a feature.
Ogden. Ogden is to have a library building,
made possible by $4,000 bequeathed by the late
Mrs. Mehitable C. C. Wilson, of Boston.
Olathe. The Olathe Public Library opened
its new Carnegie building recently with an
evening program and reception. Miss Lena
Bell is the librarian.
Topeka. The Kansas State Historical Li-
brary has 90,530 volumes of books, magazines,
newspapers, and bound pamphlets. In its Kan-
sas section alone it has 4000 volumes, having
approximately every book ever published in
Kansas, about Kansas, or by Kansans.
Wichita. The Wichita Public Library has
a very successful story-tellers' league, conduct-
ed by Miss Myrtle Gettys, a public school
teacher. The librarian, Miss Kathryn A. Cos-
sitt, is busy planning for the expansion of the
library's work when the splendid new building
is ready, several months later.
Winfield. The Winfield Public Library, in
its Carnegie building, recently completed its
first year with a "book shower" which brought
500 new books. The 3655 volumes of the li-
brary were circulated an average of five times
each during the year.
TEXAS
Although provisions were made by the legis-
lature in 1913 whereby a county might levy a
tax for the installation of a farmers' county
library, not a county, so far as is known, has
availed itself of this opportunity. Miss Rose
Leeper, librarian of the Dallas Public Library,
has made the suggestion that an appropriation
by the state might be an inducement for the
county to levy such a tax. The state might
appropriate for library uses a certain amount
of the county's taxation.
642
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[August, 1914
Pacific Coast
WASHINGTON
Seattle P. L. Judson T. Jennings, Ibn. (23d
rpt. — yr. ending Dec. 31, 1913.) Accessions 28,-
491 ; total number of volumes 203,843. Circu-
lation 951,063. Registration during the year
26,609; total 50,613, of which 12,033 were juve-
nile. (Borrowers re-register every two years.)
Receipts were $204,221.19; expenditures were
$210,735.79, including salaries $82,957.05, books
$32,587-82, periodicals $2,834.42, and binding
$10,688.14, the extraordinary expenditures be-
ing for repairs and for books for the new
branch. The circulation record is a gain of
08,937 over 1912. Children's books constituted
37% of the circulation. The fiction circulated
was 62% of the total, which is 2% less than
last year.
Books were circulated from 495 distributing
agencies — the central library, 7 branch libra-
ries, 6 drugstore deposit stations, 24 engine
houses, 443 schoolrooms, 6 playgrounds, and 8
special deposit stations.
The Queen Anne branch was completed, the
opening exercises being held January I, 1914.
This branch, English scholastic Gothic in
style, was built from the $35,000 donation pro-
vided by Mr. Carnegie. The Henry L. Yesler
Memorial branch library is now being built.
The library has for a number of years oper-
ated its own bindery, which in 1913 bound or
rebound 20,777 volumes.
A table shows the average number of peo-
ple seated and standing in the open-shelf room,
counted each hour from 9 130 a.m. to 5 130 p.m.
during one week in the late winter. The room
will comfortably accommodate only 93 chairs
and there was no time after 10:30 a.m. when
these were sufficient. There were more people
in the room at 3:30 p.m. than at any other
time during the day, the average for the six
days at that hour being 128.
An intermediate collection of books has been
installed in the central children's room for
children in the eighth grade and above who
should be reading adult books but whose taste
is yet so unformed as to need the most careful
supervision. A set of Montessori apparatus
was purchased and has been on exhibition in
the teachers' room and at each of the larger
branch libraries. It may now be borrowed by
those who are willing to assume the respons-
ibility of transportation. 379 lessons on the use
of the library have been given to 3952 chil-
dren in the seventh and eighth grades by the
head of the schools division and the children's
librarians. A plan for classifying and catalog-
ing pictures has been worked out and adopted,
and more has been done for library pub-
licity than ever before.
Tacoma. A new branch library will be
opened this fall in the Lincoln Park High
School. The branch will be administered joint-
ly by the board of education and the library
trustees. The school board will pay prac-
tically all the salary of the librarian of the
high school library, will supply the room, light
and heat without cost to the library board.
At the same time the branch will be opened to
the whole community generally, not only dur-
ing school hours but probably during the even-
ing as well.
UTAH
Murray. A new Carnegie library will be
built here this summer. It will be built of
pressed brick and concrete, to contain one story
and basement, and will cost about $12,000.
Foreign
GREAT BRITAIN
Arthur William Kaye Miller, keeper of
printed books at the British Museum, dropped
dead May 7 at the private view following the
opening of the new wing of the Museum,
to be known as the King Edward the Sev-
enth's galleries. Mr. Miller, who was born in
1849, was a graduate of University College,
London, where he was made a fellow in 1874.
He became an assistant in the department of
printed books at the Museum in 1870, and
was made assistant keeper in 1896. From
1890 he had superintended the printing of the
"General catalogue of printed books," and in
the fall of 1912, after the death of Dr. G. K.
Fortescue, he succeeded him as keeper of
printed books.
THE LIBRARIANS MOTHER GOOSE
VIII. FINES.
Mary, Mary, quite contrary ,
How does your fine-book grow ?
With nickels and dimes, and quarters sometimes
And pennies all in a row.
—Renee B. Stern.
LIBRARY WORK
Notes of developments in all branches of library activity, particularly as shown in current
library literature.
Scope, Usefulness, Founding
Library in Relation tc Schools
WORK WITH SCHOOLS
Making the library earn its salt. Willis H.
Kerr. Pub. Libs., Ap., 1914. p. 150-153.
The library is fundamental in education, for
the "right sort of library rightly used supplies
a natural means of self-realization and self-
adjustment supplemental to all the other school
agencies and effective where all other agencies
fail." The right sort of library begins where
the teacher's instruction ends. The library
works all the time, and doesn't get tired. If
the pupil has been started right in his years
of schooling, he can continue, with the help of
the library, on a lifelong process of education.
Don't begin by condemning the bad book,
but rather by recommending a good one. In
most of us the love of books is not innate. It
has to be impressed upon us by a personality.
It has to be caught, not taught.
Why shouldn't every state have a law, as
many states do, compelling school boards to
set aside each year a certain sum for library
purposes? Some states also offer state aid to
school districts for library purchases from an
approved list. If the library shows it can
make good, it will get the needed money. And
in buying books, don't always buy the cheapest
edition. The possession of some specially
good editions, with good illustrations, will
command respect for the library.
Some system of caring for the school li-
brary is necessary, but it may be kept very
simple. There should be a definite charging
system, and regular daily library hours. No
teacher should try to work without a library.
Library Extension Work
PHONOGRAPH CONCERTS
Opera for masses through talking-machines.
Musical America, May 2, 1914. p. 5.
This article describes the work of C. D.
Johnson, librarian at the Cossitt Library in
Memphis, Tenn., in educating the masses in
operatic music with the help of a talking-
machine. Mr. Johnson, who is a grand opera
enthusiast, began to collect the records some
years ago, and frequently entertained visitors
by playing for them such records as he had
of some one opera, connecting the selections
with a brief outline of the story.
In 1909, when an opera company was to
visit Memphis, Mr. Johnson gave a series of
lectures on their program, illustrated with
selections on a talking machine, in one of the
music stores. The concerts began a week
before the opera company arrived, and were
continued each day during the engagement.
They proved popular, and were repeated on
subsequent visits of the company. Mr. John-
son then began giving similar talks before
clubs and in the various schools of the city.
In all about 200 talks were given.
Interest grew, and he began giving one talk
each week in the library. A Victor victrola
has been presented to the library, with a few
records. As yet public funds cannot be used
to purchase more, so Mr. Johnson supple-
ments the library's collection of records with
many from his own stock. The talks are
given in the library reading room, and are
also illustrated with lantern slides showing
the stage settings, costumes, etc. The talks
are always informal, avoiding technical lan-
guage, and emphasis is laid on the fact that
a considerable knowledge of grand opera and
an appreciation of its beauties may be had
without a study of musical technique.
Library Development and Cooperation
INTER-LIBRARY LOANS
State library effort in Illinois. Pub. Libs.,
Ap., 1914. p. 156.
Editorial. Comment on the recent action
of the State Library in Illinois in offering
the institute a system of inter-library loans
with libraries in all parts of the state.
Founding, Developing, and Maintaining
Interest
PUBLICITY
How best to advertise a public library has
not as yet become an exact science, but libra-
rians are agreed that the library must have
publicity if it is to accomplish its ultimate
aim, to be of service to all the people. The
Seattle Public Library, in its report for 1913,
describes a number of ways used during the
year to attract people to the library and to
suggest how the library could be useful to
them.
"Early in the year 65,000 copies of a four-
page folder, describing briefly the various
advantages offered by the library, were
enclosed with one month's bills of the City
644
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[August, 1914
Light and Water departments. It was possible
in this way to reach a large proportion of the
families of Seattle.
"The library effectively advertised books
for business men by having a display of books
at the annual show of the Northwest Mer-
chants' Association held at the armory.
"The library took part in the exhibition
conducted by the Central Council of Social
Agencies of the work of the principal civic
and charitable organizations of the city. This
was held immediately preceding the National
Conference of Charities and Corrections.
"Much interest in books for mothers was
aroused by lists for the home-maker distrib-
uted at a school on the care of babies con-
ducted under the auspices of a group of
Seattle's progressive women.
"A considerable number of lists were mul-
tigraphed, of which might be mentioned: 400
copies of a list on banking, mailed to the
members of the Seattle chapter of the Amer-
ican Institute of Banking and to the principal
officers of Seattle banks ; 300 copies of a
short list on immigration, distributed at a
conference on immigration conducted by the
Central Council of Social Agencies; a large
number of copies of a list on poultry, distrib-
uted by a dealer in poultry supplies at the
public market ; 10,000 copies of a list for the
home-maker, distributed in many ways during
the year.
"The Schools Division has sent a bulletin
each month to the principals of the grade
schools for posting on their bulletin boards.
These bulletins have called attention to per-
tinent educational literature and to library
news of interest to teachers.
"Two thousand copies of a list of books
suitable for gifts to children were distrib-
uted when the children's department had its
annual exhibition of children's books at Christ-
mas time.
"During the year 25 articles describing spe-
cial features of the work of the library have
appeared in the city newspapers.
"Twenty-four talks were given by different
members of the library staff before various
organizations. Part of these talks were il-
lustrated by 75 stereopticon views descriptive
of the work of the library. Among these
slides is a series of twelve called 'How the
library is useful to the individual from in-
fancy to old age.' Slide (i) is a reproduc-
tion of a postal card which is sent to parents
and calls their attention to books on the care
of the baby. Each of the other eleven slides is
a picture of a shelf of books for: (2) Little
children; (3) Boys and girls; (4) High
school — college students; (5) Starting in life
— choosing an occupation ; (6) Business men ;
(7) Technical men; (8) Social workers; (9)
Teachers; (10) Home-makers; (n) Life's
enrichment; (12) Old age.
"For the last six months we have been
sending out postals to parents whose names
are listed in the birth notices in one of the
daily papers, calling attention to two good
books on the care and feeding of babies.
From ten to fifteen postals are sent out each
day, there being during the year about 4000
births in Seattle. This kind of advertising is
bringing very good results.
"The city's first municipal day was held on
June 5th and there was a parade of the city
departments in which the library took part.
The members of the Library Board walked,
seven automobiles carried a representation
from the staff, and two floats advertised li-
brary activities."
VACATION HELPS
This is what the public library is telling
the people of Grand Rapids, Mich.: "The li-
brary can help you answer the question of
where to spend your summer holiday and how
much it will cost. There has been placed on
the open shelves in the registration room a
collection of guide books, books on camping,
canoeing and resorts. Various railroads and
steamship lines have sent the interesting
things they issue in this connection, which
may also be found in the registration room. A
hotel guide also is a part of this collection.
With all the helps at the library you can
readily plan your vacation so as to get the
most out of it for the least money."
PRIZES FOR READING
In order to stimulate interest in reading
among the students of the Hobart (Okla.)
schools during the summer vacation, the board
of control of the Hobart Public Library has
offered cash prizes to the boys and girls of
the grades who display the greatest interest
in reading at the library during the summer
months. Prizes of $3, $2 and $i respectively
are to be given to the three boys and girls
of the third, fourth and fifth grades and like
prizes to the three boys and girls of the sixth,
seventh and eighth grades, who get the most
good out of reading this summer. The li-
brarian is to judge the entries and about the
first of September will make known the win-
ners.
WINDOW DISPLAYS
During the summer months the Passaic
(N. J.) Public Library plans to display its
books along business lines in various stores
August, 1914]
Itlt,
JUUKWSiL,
045
along Main avenue and nearby streets, co-oper-
ating with these stores in window displays.
The first exhibit was in a druggist's window.
The books there shown illustrated the various
sciences which combine to form the study of
pharmacy : botany, chemistry, bacteriology, ma-
teria medica, and physics. A book shown in
a window may be reserved at any branch of
the Public Library and the librarian asks for
recommendations of books along the line of
the exhibits, for purchase.
The Portage (Wis.) Public Library has
just made an interesting window display that
has attracted much attention and favorable
comment, says the Wisconsin Library Bulletin.
A small case of three shelves especially suit-
able for window exhibits and several small
trays were prepared by the manual training
classes in the high school. In these were
placed a collection of the best new and recent
books, carefully selected for their worth and
timely interest, and arranged according to
classes and marked by appropriate labels let-
tered so as to be easily read from the street.
Selections from the many magazines of the
library were placed in attractive positions
on the floor of the window, while interior
views of the library and samples from the
collection of mounted pictures added to the
appearance of the exhibit.
Placards and legends attracted the atten-
tion of those passing by. Among them were
the following: Public library exhibit. Do
you know what is in the library? These are
samples. The library is yours. You support
it. Why not use it? Ten thousand books
in the public library. Some one of them may
interest you. To get a book, go to the library,
give your name and address. No expense.
No red tape.
Labels like the following were attached to
the different classes: Lives of men. The
home. For recreation. To vote more intel-
ligently, read these. To travel without ex-
pense, read these.
COOPERATION FROM WOMEN'S CLUBS
The committee oa library extension of the
Ohio Federation of Women's Clubs (Miss
Mary E. Downey, chairman) during the last
two years conducted a survey of library condi-
tions in the prisons and other state and
county institutions. It has sent out to the
clubs of the state the following outline of
work for the next two years:
First — To interest clubs to start libraries in
towns having none.
Second — To work for tax maintenance for
libraries now existing without it.
Third — To urge county seat towns to in-
crease their funds and extend their service by
becoming county libraries.
Fourth — In like manner to induce small
towns to develop township libraries for the
same purpose.
Fifth — To agitate branch library buildings
for our cities. Only Cleveland, Cincinnati and
Dayton yet have them.
Sixth — To secure buildings for libraries,
where needed, through the generosity of Mr.
Andrew Carnegie or other benefactors.
Seventh — To cooperate in making a library
survey of the state.
Eighth — To urge club women who are mem-
bers of library boards to attend district and
state library meetings.
Ninth — To interest each club in the Ohio
Federation to take club membership in the
Ohio Library Association by paying the 50
cents annual fee which may be sent to Miss
Blanche C. Roberts, Carnegie Library, Co-
lumbus, O.
Tenth — To see that high school students are
taught how to use the public libraries in their
respective towns.
Eleventh — To work for the observance of
a library day in every town having a library
by giving a program devoted to library sub-
jects.
Twelfth — To continue interest in collecting
books and magazines for completing files in
libraries and for distribution to state institu-
tions and country homes for the poor, chil-
dren's homes, jails and other places of deten-
tion.
Thirteenth — To urge the clubs to visit and
make a study of their public libraries and see
if they are working at the highest point of
efficiency.
CO-OPERATION FROM NOWSPAPERS
In order further to facilitate borrowing by
the people of the people's books, the Pioneer
Press of St. Paul has arranged with the city
librarian to insert on the book page of the
Sunday edition, each week; a list of the books
added to the public library. The list has
been published for several weeks, and has
evidently been of use to the borrowers. It
is planned to make it a regular feature of the
literary page. The list will include all books
of general interest added during the week,
and will include the library call numbers.
By checking it and presenting it at the library
with his library card the borrower will find
his summer's reading right at hand. If the
use of the list during the season warrants
it, the publication will be made a permanent
feature of the paper the year round.
646
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[August, 1914
Libraries and the State
State Supervision
LIBRARY REFORM IN GREAT BRITAIN
Public library reform. Robert W. Parsons.
The Librarian, Ap.-Je., 1914. p. 313-316; p.
348-351; P- 386-389.
While opinions may differ as to the final
"way of salvation," there is unanimity in the
conclusion that present conditions of public
library service are unsatisfactory, that there
is little cooperation in administration, and
that limited financial resources prevent much
good work from being done.
The essentials of a good library law, as
given by Mr. Dana in his "Library manual,"
are endorsed as the statement of the ideal
law. To attain the highest possible efficiency
in the administration and control of public
libraries, the writer urges the compulsory es-
tablishment of libraries throughout the United
Kingdom, to be financed out of the national
exchequer, whose officers shall rank as civil
servants. Discussion of this proposal is di-
vided into three sections.
Establishment. Assuming the necessity for
the existence of public library service
throughout the kingdom, it is proposed to
frame an act which shall be compulsory and
shall apply to all cities, towns, etc. A de-
partmental office, to be known as the Public
Libraries Office, is to be formed; and this
office will be responsible for supervision of
all libraries and reports, for the compilation
of government blue books, etc., and for the
preparation of an annual budget to be sub-
mitted to Parliament.
Alternative proposals are for an increased
library tax, for the authorization of county
councils to become library authorities, and for
the establishment of traveling libraries for
the outlying districts. It seems probable that
active opposition would be made to an in-
crease in the library tax in many districts,
while the other suggestions are ineffective
without funds.
Under the administration by the federal
government, the country would be divided into
"library areas," each area to possess a repre-
sentative number of principal libraries, and
each area to be further subdivided into dis-
tricts. Counties might be combined so that
the area and population served in each li-
brary area would be approximately the same.
By this means the administrative committees
of the different areas would be on an equal
footing, and the grading of salaries would be
facilitated. The use of motor book wagons
in such a scheme would take care of remote
districts.
Finance. The library tax to-day, in spite
of the great increase in the work, is the same
as it was in 1855— that is, not to exceed id
on every pound except by special act. A
more practical suggestion is for the prepara-
tion of an annual estimate of necessary funds,
to be submitted to Parliament through the
Public Libraries Office, such funds, when
voted, to be provided for in the imperial taxes
of the ensuing year. It was estimated, in
1912, that public libraries spent annually ii-
200,000 — less than the price of the armor on
a single battleship. The demand is made only
for a sum sufficient for the needs of libra-
ries, for their more effective and efficient
operation.
Officers. To accompany such a system of
federal government for public libraries the
following classification of officers is sug-
gested: (i) Directors-in-charge, who shall
preside over the chief libraries of the various
library areas, and in addition shall constitute
a committee to take charge of the adminis-
tration of all libraries in that area and to
render an annual report upon the work; (2)
sub-directors, the present deputy-chief libra-
rians, whose responsibilities will be increased
following the enlargement of their chiefs'
duties; (3) the other members of the staff, to
be classed as chief assistants, assistants, ju-
niors, and caretakers, etc. The chief assist-
ants will be in charge of the smaller town
libraries, which will become branches of the
principal libraries under the proposed reor-
ganization.
With such a scheme, under government con-
trol, every library could be provided with the
right number and proportion of each class of
assistants, and a practical system of training
for assistants could be introduced, and it
would be made possible to rise from the low-
est to the highest grade of service.
Library Commissions
LIBRARY COMMISSION WORK
The Wisconsin Free Library Commission:
what it does. IVis. Lib. Bull, Ap., 1914. p.
64-68.
The Wisconsin Free Library Commission
is engaged in a greater number of activities
than any other of the thirty-seven library
commissions in the country. It is the only
one which is the administrative body in con-
trol of a legislative reference department, and
the only library commission which conducts
a library school.
These are the things it does :
i. It helps establish, organize, and main-
tain public libraries.
August, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
2. It loans books in rural communities and
where there are no public libraries.
3. It provides opportunity for the educa-
tion of those who cannot go to school.
4. It trains librarians for public libraries.
5. It trains men and women for special
public service.
6. It helps legislators legislate.
7. It prepares and issues publications of
value.
POSTAL LIBRARIES
Postal libraries. Pub. Libs., Ap., 1914. p.
157-158. ^
Editorial. The proposed postal libraries
for Canada, while very possibly providing
means for the distribution of books, could in
no wise be called library service. The neces-
sary connecting link between books and read-
ers would be lacking. Similar efforts made
in the United States, with the schools as dis-
tributing centers, have always failed.
LIBRARY USE OF PARCEL POST
At a special meeting of the library board
in Butte, Mont., the last of May, it was voted
to issue books by parcel post to residents of
Silver Bow county, beginning June i or as
soon thereafter as the necessary arrange-
ments could be made. It was decided that
those who desire to avail themselves of this
privilege must comply with all provisions in
regard to the holding of cards in the library.
In addition they must each make a deposit of
$i. Of this sum 25 cents will go to the li-
brary for the trouble library employes are
put to in mailing the books. The rest of the
money will be used in postage in sending the
books. The return postage will have to be
paid by the patron. As soon as a parcel post
patron's deposit of $i runs out, he will have
to deposit another $i.
Library Support. Funds
CONTROL OF LIBRARY FUNDS
Questionable methods. Pub. Libs., Ap.,
1914- P. 156-157.
Editorial. The city council of Helena,
Mont, has spent over $10,000 of the library
funds without the knowledge of the library
board, leaving the library over $1,000 in ar-
rears. Such action is roundly condemned.
RAISING FUNDS
The Library Association of Oil City, Pa., has
secured the sanitary cup concession from the
management of Monarch Park, a summer re-
sort. The small amount paid for these cups is
expected to amount to considerable in the ag-
gregate before the close of the season. All
647
receipts will be used in buying books for Car-
negie library.
Government and Service
Appointment and Tenure
CIVIL SERVICE
Although the Denver (Colo.) Public Li-
brary went under municipal civil service a
year ago, as did all municipal activities, civil
service examinations will not be held for li-
brary positions until next fall. The original
classification of library employes ir Denver
was with the general clerks employed in vari-
ous city departments. The requirements, ac-
cording to this original classification, simply
related to general educational qualifications.
As a result of the library's efforts the library
was removed from this general classification
and was given a separate class, which re-
quired of all employes a general education
and also technical training. Although the
civil service regulations, as voted for in the
charter amendment, are still general, the Civil
Service Commission has made provisions
without violating the general civil service
law which, seemingly, will not handicap the
Denver Public Library in its work or in its
selection of efficient candidates to do this
work.
In the first place the examinations will be
given first to those already holding the li-
brary positions and there will be no vacan-
cies unless those already in the library fail
to pass the civil service examination.
The questions for this examination will be
on library work and will be made out by the
librarian of the public library. The libra-
rian will also correct these papers, and the
Civil Service Commission has agreed that all
candidates for this examination must first be
passed on favorabty by the Library Com-
mission in order to qualify for the examina-
tion.
In case the library cannot fill a position in
the public library from the list of local can-
didates, the Civil Service Commission has
agreed that the library shall have the liberty
of filling this position by some one outside
of the city or state.
The Denver Public Library has recently
classified its service and examination ques-
tions will be prepared to meet the require-
ments of each branch of service.
Staff
STAFF
In the report of the Harvard University
Library for 1913 an account of the reorgan-
ization of the staff and of the arrangement
for an improvement in salary, hours, and va-
648
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[August, 1914
cation privileges is recorded. The report
says:
"We now divide our staff (excluding heads
of departments) into five classes :
"CLASS I. — Clerical assistants, including typ-
ists, copyists, shelf-listers, recorders, shelf-
mark changers, card filers, and others en-
gaged in various ways on the records of the
library under special direction.
"CLASS II. — Bibliographical assistants, en-
gaged in the selection, classification, and de-
scription of books, and accordingly repre-
sented in the order, shelf, and catalog de-
partments.
"CLASS III. — The administrative staff, in-
cluding all who come into direct relation with
the public at the delivery desk, in the read-
ing rooms, and in the registrar's office.
"CLASS IV. — The care of the building, in-
cluding, under the direction of the superin-
tendent of the building, all janitor service
(day and evening), cleaning, distribution of
books, and care of the shelves.
"CLASS V. — Boys, for page and messenger
service within the library.
"In general, assistants in Class II are col-
lege graduates or library school graduates,
and most of them possess a good knowledge
of several foreign languages ; those in Class
I must have at least a good high school edu-
cation, and some familiarity with at least
one foreign language is almost indispensable.
Persons employed for special or temporary
service and those who regularly give but part
time to the library are not included in the
classification.
"In Class II provision is made for stated
increases of salary ($60 or $120) year by
year from a minimum, depending on the pre-
vious training and education of the appointee,
to a maximum determined by the character
of the work performed. In this class three
grades are recognized. The lowest grade has
its own maximum reached after three years'
service, but the more proficient and valuable
members of this grade are promoted at the
beginning of their fifth year to the next grade,
in which they advance year by year to a new
maximum. The third grade, not yet fully
established, is for supervisors.
"For many years the regular working hours
for the greater part of the staff were from
9 a.m. to 5.30 p.m. (omitting an hour for
luncheon) six days in the week, or forty-
five hours a week, but in summer the library
was closed Saturday afternoons. In 1907 the
weekly half-holiday was granted throughout
the year, reducing the hours to 41^2 a week.
Some libraries prefer a shorter normal day
and think they get better results therefrom.
We have not thought it well to reduce the
regular day's work, but we now allow a little
more leeway for outside engagements or pe-
riods of fatigue by declaring that while the
customary hours remain as heretofore, 9 to
5.30 (Saturday 9-1) or 41 Yz hours in all, '40
completed hours of service in each week will
be accepted as satisfactory.' Hours in excess
of 40 hours a week may be used to offset
time lost in other weeks, but not to increase
the length of one's vacation. The practical
effect of this arrangement will be that those
who make the full time regularly (41^
hours) will be at liberty, with the consent of
the department head, occasionally to take an
additional day or half-day off without loss of
pay, or may offset in this way short periods
of illness, while those who find the present
hours somewhat too long for good work may
stop work earlier part of the time.
" 'It is particularly urged and recommended
that the lunch hour be not shortened, as is
done at present by a number of the staff.
Those who take their luncheon in the build-
ing and do not need the full hour in the
lunchroom should not fail to get outdoors
every day (in good weather) before or after
luncheon. Their own good health and the
quality of the work they do for the library
demand this, and in fairness to themselves
and to the library it should not be neglected.'
"In Class III the hours of service remain
41^/2 as heretofore, corresponding to the
hours when the library is open, and in Classes
I and V they vary for different individuals
according to the needs of the library service.
"Each assistant hands in to the head of the
department weekly a note of hours under or
in excess of the normal, and these records
are filed by the registrar. Each month the
regular monthly salary is paid irrespective of
any slight irregularities in hours, but at the
beginning of the summer the number of work-
ing hours over or under what is required is
reckoned up, and if necessary a correspond-
ing deduction is made from the usual month's
vacation on pay. The vacation may be pro-
longed, however, without pay, with the con-
sent of the head of the department."
Rules for Staff
LIBRARY CLOTHES
The library board of Cleveland, Ohio, at a
recent meeting approved a plan of dress for
library employes. Here is the recommended
mode of dress, as recorded in one of the
Cleveland papers:
Dress : Simple waists, with lining or under-
August, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
649
slips of sheer materials. Sleeves below the
elbow always. Neck never lower than
"Dutch neck." If without collar, "V" necks
or other low cuts should not be worn without
a guimpe or dickey. If they come appreciably
below the lower collar line, collars and ruch-
ings should always be fresh and clean. Half-
worn finery never has any place as part of a
working outfit. Skirts not too tight; if slit,
the underskirt should be sufficiently long and
appropriate. Well-made tailored suits are
always suitable and serviceable. Becoming se-
lection and the harmony of colors are neces-
sary to tasteful dress.
Hair : Should be arranged becomingly and
simply, without hair ornaments or conspicuous
bows.
Cosmetics and perfumes have no connection
with business attire.
Jewelry: Very little should be worn, and
only such as is in keeping with a working cos-
tume, never anything showy or elaborate.
Footwear: Neat, comfortable, serviceable
shoes, high or low. Conspicuous hosiery and
dress slippers with French heels are in bad
taste for working garb.
Hats : Should not exceed "locker space" in
size.
Rules for Readers
Special Privileges
LIBRARY PAY COLLECTIONS
How to run a book-club in connection with
a public library. Part n. The Librarian, Mr.,
1914. p. 275-278.
Three months should be the maximum and
two months the minimum period for which
books should be issued, though they should
be exchangeable as often as desired. Open
access should be allowed, and fees should in-
clude use of the public library in case of non-
residents.
A set of rules and regulations and also a
form for a circular letter are given as models
on which to work, and some suggestions in
administration. First, the ownership of the
book must be disguised, or at least incon-
spicuous ; one stamp in the front cover and
one in a fixed place inside the book should be
enough. Charging is best done to the sub-
scriber by name, and the recommended
method is to have a folder, or folio book, for
each subscriber.
Injuries, Abuses
VANDALISM
"These books are shut off from the pub-
lic because certain vandals are mutilating
them." A neat sign attached to a silk cord
drawn across the entrance to the art depart-
ment in the Public Library at Newark, N. J.,
now notifies the patrons that, because of mean
thieves among the readers, the public here-
after will be denied free access to this room.
A visitor will no longer be permitted to se-
lect his book in this department by looking
through the shelves, but an assistant will
show the books, one at a time, until a selec-
tion is made, and then it must be consulted
at a table over which a librarian will be in
charge.
There have always been mutilations of
books in the library, but the outrages have
become so marked of late, especially among
the valuable reference works in the art de-
partment, that the authorities have decided
to follow stringent lines. As many as thir-
teen pages had been cut out in one section of
one book which was shown recently. In an-
other book on posters, which cost $10, five
full page illustrations were removed in one
week.
It is remarkable that the thieves evidently
are people of some intelligence and of a train-
ing which would seem to preclude dishonesty.
Most of the books stolen are of a nature
which would interest only a certain class.
For instance, copies of a valuable law book
have disappeared from the main library and
the business branch within a few months.
Not one miscreant ever has been caught and
the library authorities find it difficult to be-
lieve that all the vandalism has been carried
on without having been noticed by others.
If the library users do not have sufficient in-
terest in their books to protect them from
these thieves other tactics will be adopted.
The moral effect of keeping out the pa-
trons from the art department will be watched
closely in the other departments before fur-
ther steps are taken and it is hoped that the
borrowers and patrons of the library will
protect their own interest if they want their
liberties continued.
SAND IN BOOKS
Attendants at the Far Rockaway branch of
the Queens Borough (N. Y.) Public Library
are warning subscribers against the danger of
permitting books to become damaged by the
sand on the ocean beach. On display in the li-
brary is a book which was ruined by sand.
Sand blew between the leaves and then
worked its way into the hinges of the leaves
and into the binding, until the latter was
broken, the leaves separated, and the entire
book forced out of shape.
650
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[August, 1914
Administration
General. Executive
STATISTICS
Library statistics again. O. R. Howard
Thomson. Pub. Libs., May, 1914. p. 187-190.
An article based on an examination and
comparison of the reports of several libra-
ries. Mr. Thomson believes the most vital
problem in the library of to-day is that of
adequate financial support. It is not the num-
ber of books circulated or the number of
dollars appropriated that is significant, but
only their proportion to the number of people
supposed to be served.
The last report of the Enoch Pratt Free
Library of Baltimore contains a comparative
table showing the resources, work, and ex-
penditures of libraries in 30 cities having a
population of over 100,000 persons, and also
Springfield and Somerville, Mass. In ten of
these cities 50 cents or more per capita were
spent, and the rate decreased to 17 cents for
Chicago, 16 cents for Baltimore, and 15 cents
for Philadelphia.
Second, the cost of library service is shown
to be increasing, due probably to higher pur-
chase prices of books, to more scholarly ser-
vice rendered, and to larger stocks to be cared
for. The average annual per capita expendi-
ture as given in the Pratt report is 34 cents;
in the list tabulated by Dr. Bostwick in 1908
it was 29 cents. The average annual per cap-
ita circulation in the Pratt list is 2.5; in Dr.
Bostwick's list 2.4.
The need of an A. L. A. handbook of li-
brary statistics, to be issued annually, is be-
coming daily more apparent. If libraries were
grouped into classes according to their popu-
lation such statistics would be made easily
available for comparison. A short table is
submitted as an example of how this material
might be arranged in simple form. Total and
per capita figures are given for number of
volumes, circulation, borrowers, and expendi-
tures, and percentages for books, magazines,
and bindings, for salaries, for building
charges, and for other miscellaneous items.
As there are only 229 cities in the United
States of more than 25,000 population, it
should not be very difficult for the A. L. A.
to prepare an analytical list of their libraries.
Later the list of the 372 towns with popula-
tion between 10,000 and 25,000 might be
treated in the same way, and possibly univer-
sity and college libraries also.
Treatment of Special Material
MAPS
A model of the cabinet used by the Newark
(N. J.) Public Library for filing maps was
shown at the exhibit held by the. Special Li-
braries Association during the Washington
Conference. This system, by which hundreds
of large atlas-like maps are mounted and
filed like so many small cards in a ready ref-
erence cabinet, has been attracting the atten-
tion of librarians throughout the United
States. The cabinet, as in use in the branch,
consists of two plain wooden boxes, each
about three feet high and 21/?. feet wide. They
are placed side by side on the floor. The
mountings of the maps are all of uniform
size. The arrangement is according to the
alphabet. In the cabinet are all kinds of maps,
some showing the character and products of
the earth in different sections, especially in
New Jersey, but they by no means afford the
only geographical data at the branch's com-
mand. Maps of more than 1000 cities in the
United States and other countries are in the
collection. The branch specializes, however,
in maps of New Jersey, and especially New-
ark.
Accession
DISPOSAL OF NEWSPAPERS
Miss Zaidee Brown, the new librarian of
Long Beach, Cal., has inaugurated an inno-
vation in the disposal of such of that li-
brary's newspapers as are not kept for bind-
ing. Hereafter the outside newspapers re-
ceived at the library after a few days on file
will be given away to any person calling for
them, preferably to persons residents or for-
mer residents of the city in which the news-
paper is published. By the adoption of this
plan Miss Brown believes that many families
will be enabled to keep in touch with the
affairs of their home state or city at no
expense to themselves and no additional
expense to the library. Heretofore it has been
customary for the library to retain the papers
until a large amount accumulated and they
were then sold for waste paper or thrown
away.
Cataloging
CATALOGING RULES
Condensed cataloguing rules as followed in
the University Library, Aberdeen. Aberdeen
Univ. Lib. Bull, Ap., 1914. p. 273-300.
A summary prepared for the purpose of
serving as a ready reference for those who
write the title slips, and here printed for the
benefit of users of the Bulletin's lists of new
accessions. The various forms of author en-
try are covered, with rules for cross refer-
ences; the title, imprint, and collation; rules
for filing, and a subject index to all the rules.
August, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
651
SUBJECT HEADINGS
The Newark (N. J.) Public Library has
printed on five large sheets the official list of
the several thousand subject headings covered
in the library's vertical files. The listing of
these headings will prove a great conveni-
ence to those consulting the files, and must
increase the usefulness of the files.
Reference
PERSONAL GUIDANCE
A new idea in library work. "Ex-librarian."
Pub. Libs., May, 1914, p. 190-191.
A plea for the enlargement of that part of
library work dealing directly with helping stu-
dents and earnest readers. '"Would it not be
practicable for the larger libraries, at least, to
have an assistant whose business it would be
not only to aid readers during regular periods
of the day, but to conduct at stated times a
regular lecture-recital, with illustrations?"
Much would depend on the personality of
such a helper. While there may not be a
large number of assistants adapted to such
work, there are undoubtedly some on the li-
brary staffs already who are particularly suc-
cessful in meeting and helping readers, and a
little special attention to promising library
school students might develop many more.
Binding and Repair
GUTTA PERCHA BINDING REPAIRS
Librarians who have seen their books in
gutta-percha bindings drop to pieces as the
gutta-percha dries, and who have tried many
methods of repair, will be interested in know-
ing that the assistant who does the binding re-
pair work in the Manchester (N. H.) Public
Library has found her solution of the prob-
lem in the use of Gaylord's flexible glue.
Whether the binding will be everlasting can
only be proved by time, but it lasts at least as
long as the original gutta-percha, and has the
added advantage that the original cover, often
very beautiful, may be retained.
Books to be bound with flexible glue are
treated according to the directions given in
Gaylord's catalog, with the exception that one
strip of book muslin is used in place of the
double stitched binder. As the double stitched
binder is already glued and the book muslin
is not, a thin coating of the glue must be ap-
plied to the muslin before putting the book
into the cover.
In treating books which have been bound
with gutta-percha use glue nearly full strength,
applying a second coat after the first has set.
Otherwise the process is the same as with the
ordinary book.
General Libraries
For Special Classes
COLLEGE LIBRARIES
Special work of college and normal school
libraries. Lucy E. Fay. Pub. Libs., Ap., 1914.
p. 146-149.
In almost every department, college library
administration differs from that of a public
library, administration being determined by the
people who use the library. In an institution
whose clientele is composed of trained experts
in every field of knowledge, together with
students just entering the field, the college
library becomes the laboratory of an institu-
tion which educates formally. The public li-
brary, dealing with more types and working
rather for averages, educates more informally.
In a college library book selection is largely
confined to the needs of the courses of instruc-
tion given in the institution, and as far as
funds allow, the needs of individual professor?
along lines of particular investigation should
be met. The selection, however, must be prop-
erly balanced. Choosing books for the stu-
dents is much easier, and is governed largely
by what it is believed will interest them and
will form in them a library and reading habit.
Except fiction and biography, books in a
college library are generally classified rather
closely. The decimal classification can be mod-
ified to advantage in several classes, and it is
usually better to keep together all an author's
works. Many inconsistencies of classification
can be eliminated by a well-made catalog which
everybody should be trained to use.
Training readers to use the library is the
librarian's most important work. Everything
else is subordinate. No librarian would pre-
sume to instruct professors in the use of books,
but a library handbook can be offered to every-
one. In some colleges, courses in bibliography
and reference work are required; in more,
they are elective; and in most they are not
offered at all. Until such instruction is uni-
versal, the college librarian will have to resort
to all sorts of devices to encourage students to
read widely and intelligently.
The best solution of the problem of having a
student-body trained to use books will be to
train the high school teachers in normal
schools. The teachers, in turn, can then in-
struct their pupils, to the great advantage of
the latter. Until these courses by competent
librarians are given in all normal schools, the
great mass of pupils in the secondary schools
will be neglected.
UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES
The library and the graduate school. Guy
652
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[August, 1914.
Stanton Ford. Educ. Rev., My., 1914. p.
444-456.
A paper read by Mr. Ford, who is dean of
the University of Minnesota, at the meeting
of the Association of American Universities,
Nov. 7, 1913, at Urbana, 111.
To put the matter briefly, he says that
without access to adequate library facilities,
no university is a university, or in other
words, no graduate school (here regarded
as the main feature of a university) is a
graduate school. Access and not possession
is the point to be stressed. What ought to
be a commonplace of graduate school policy,
is that the library is the one all-important
institution making possible or impossible, by
its strength or weakness, real university work
by students and instructors. Thus the li-
brary's policy and administration and dis-
position of its funds are of vital importance
to all. Most librarians welcome and cooper-
ate with the library committees representing
the university's interests.
These committees should have not more
than seven or nine members, and they should
include a representative of the graduate
school. In recommending the expenditure
of funds, three things may be suggested:
(1) The wisdom of putting at the disposal of
the graduate school administration without
conditions, as generous a sum as is possible.
(2) Departments doing real graduate work
have first claim where there is any margin
over the reasonable needs of undergraduate
classes. (3) If these two recommendations
fail of approval, the establishment of a "sets
fund" is advised. This fund would be used
for the purchase of great sets of learned pub-
lications whenever opportunity is offered.
Graduate workers need especially the use
of an adequate cataloging and classification
system. The proper management of the ex-
change department may do much to assist
in the accumulation of valuable material,
and the subscription to sets of catalog cards
of their collections issued by the great li-
braries, will be of great value in locating rare
material.
If neighboring universities would cooper-
ate more freely when building up their col-
lections, as well as in the loan of volumes
already accessioned, the library funds could
be made to give much greater results.
Departmental distribution of books, except
for the most needed and constantly used
reference works, is regarded as a disadvantage
involving unnecessary duplication. Books or
sets of too great value to be duplicated or
of interest to several departments may be
deposited from time to time in departmental
libraries. In view of the central position of
the library the interests of the university as
a whole are involved at all points, and conse-
quently all library matters should be treated
from the broad point of view of the uni-
versity as a whole.
For Special Classes — Children
PICTURES, USE OF, WITH CHILDREN
The Queens Borough Public Library has
instituted the presentation to children of re-
productions of the great paintings of the world,
in order to familiarize them with the work
of the great masters. The means and the
manner are simple, and no straining after
great effects or results has been attempted.
A small collection of colored prints, repre-
senting the work of one master, has been
hung in the children's room, and in connec-
tion therewith story hours have been held.
Small collections of books have been shelved
beside the exhibit, for use in the reading room
or at home. The books collected are by no
means those written for children only. They
include Knackfuss, Kugler, Berenson, Liibke,
Fromentin and La Farge, as well as books
written in popular style, for the older people
come to look and admire as well as the chil-
dren. The pictures used are the Seemann
prints. They are of various sizes, correspond-
ing in proportion to the pictures they repre-
sent— none of them larger than twelve inches
in height or width. They are printed in col-
ors, and for work so inexpensive, give a good
idea of the originals. They cost 25 cents
each, and are framed in simple moldings at
about 30 cents additional. A paper covered
catalog of the prints, giving small cuts, may
be had for 25 cents. It contains 200 "old
masters," and a large number "from the gal-
leries of Europe" by serial number, also an
alphabetical list, by painter.
The library has five sets, containing from
six to twelve pictures each : Rembrandt,
Raphael, Diirer, Franz Hals and Murillo, and
expects to add more. These exhibits do not
seem to have led to much reading, they are
more, as one librarian said, "like a presence
over the children reading."
STORY-TELLING
Story-telling as a means of teaching litera-
ture. Frances Jenkins Olcott. Pub. Libs.,
Ap., 1914. p. 141-146.
Story-telling everywhere affords delight,
and in primitive man the story-telling faculty
was predominant. It has helped to shape
minds and events, it has stimulated the imagi-
nation, and it has preserved the accumulated
wisdom and ideals of the race.
August, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
653
The home, the school and the public li-
brary, all have a part in the literary educa-
tion of the child. The home can foster the
book-reading habit, the library can aid in this
and can informally influence many children,
but the school alone can undertake formal
correlated work for laying the foundations of
literary taste. Story-telling is the best medium
for this, and may be used +o arouse interest
in history, geography, and nature study, as
well as in connection with English work.
Story-telling to lead to better reading
should be part of every school curriculum,
and such stories should not be used as ma-
terial for school exercises. It is better for
the teacher who is constantly with the chil-
dren to tell the stories. She can watch the
results of the story, and can supplement them
with advice and suggestions of other books.
If the teacher has no time for the work, the
children's librarian of the public library may
be able to tell stories in the school.
The more unaffected the presentation of
the story the more successful will it be with
the children. Preparation should be made
from an original version if possible, rather
than a re-written .one, and the story should
be read and re-read till plot and style and
vocabulary have been assimilated. Desultory
story-telling will never lead to a satisfactory
evolution of literary taste. To gain the best
results a carefully prepared year's program
should be arranged for the whole school. It
should be graded and the work of the grades
correlated. With older children reading
aloud may be substituted to advantage. In
such cases the reading should stop at a critical
point in the narative.
The immediate effects of such a course are
to arouse the pupil's powers of thought,
broaden his vision, increase his vocabulary,
and to stimulate his mind generally. This
makes his work in all classes more intelligent,
and enables him to get greater benefit from
both school and library.
Reading and Aids
Aids to Readers
A "GOOD BOOK SHELF"
"The 'Good Book Shelf at the Carnegie
Public Library now has been in operation six
weeks," according to an item in the Shelby-
ville (Ind.) Democrat. "It consists of a shelf
of 25 or 30 books kept at the delivery desk
from which patrons of the library can select
books to take home to read or read in the
reading rooms. These books are selected by
the advisory committee or others who have
read them or know them to be good and wor-
thy of a more extensive reading than they
have been getting. In the six weeks the shelf
has been replenished twice and of the first lot
placed upon it, all have gone out once but
four, and several have gone out more than
once. So it seems that the 'Good Book Shelf
meets a need of the patrons of the library."
Character of Reading
RURAL READING
A survey of rural literacy. W. Dawt>on
Johnston. Pub. Libs., Ap., 1914. p. 160.
A review of the "School and economic sur-
vey of a rural township in Southern Minne-
sota," by Prof. Carl W. Thompson and G. P.
Warber, showing that while reading is a
form of recreation in 66% of the homes, only
45% of the young people "do any reading
worth mentioning." Results of the inquiry
are tabulated, and percentages are given for
some of the periodicals most widely read.
Bibifoorapbical iRotes
An editorial announcement in The Libra-
rian says that it is now practically an assured
fact that "Best books of the year," based on
the "Best books" department of that monthly,
will be issued in an annual volume. In addi-
tion a continental "Best books" will be added.
The books will be classified according to both
the Dewey and the Brown systems, and an
author index will be added. The size will be
crown quarto, of from 350-400 pages, and the
price will probably be 7/6 net. On orders re-
ceived before Dec. 31 it will be 6/- net. A. J.
Hawkes will be general editor of the English
section, W. George Fry will have charge of the
Brown subject classification, and it is hoped
that Dr. Rappoport may edit the foreign sec-
tion. An "Index to periodicals," to cover more
than one hundred and fifty English and for-
eign periodicals, is also planned. The sub-
scription price has been fixed at p/- quarterly,
but a reduction later is anticipated. The In-
dex will be arranged on the Brussels exten-
sion of the Dewey decimal system. There
will be an index to this classification and also
an author index.
Many librarians do not seem to be familiar
with the department of "Reports and docu-
ments" conducted in the quarterly National
Municipal Review by Miss Adelaide R. Hasse,
head of the public documents division of the
New York Public Library. Much of the ma-
terial listed is free, and many of its items
would be very valuable to public libraries.
The copy for April, the latest one received in
this office, contains special bibliographies re-
654
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[August, 1914
lating to municipal government and municipal
accounting, besides the regular list of current
references.
The St. Louis Public Library Bulletin for
May, 1914, p. 120-132, contains an index to the
publications of the Missouri Geological Sur-
vey, compiled by Andrew Linn Bostwick, li-
brarian of the Municipal branch.
RECENT BIBLIOGRAPHIES
GENERAL
CLASSIFIED catalogue of the Carnegie Library of
Pittsburgh, 1907-1911. Part vii, History and trav-
el, iii, 2021-2384, xxxii p.
GRADED and annotated catalog of books in the Public
Library of the District of Columbia, for use in the
schools of the city. 146 p.
SUBJECT BIBLIOGRAPHIES
ACCOUNTING
Catalogue, Accounting Library, vol. i. New
York: Am. Tel. and Tel. Co. 76 p.
AERIAL LAW
Myers, Denys P., comp. Bibliography on aerial
law, including many magazine articles and refer-
ences to general works. (In Spec. Libs., Ap., 1914.
p. 59-63.)
AGRICULTURE
Och, Joseph Tarcisius. Der deutschamerikanische
Farmer; sein Anteil an der Eroberung und Koloni-
sation der Bundesdomane der Ver. Staaten. . . .
Columbus, O.: F. J. Heer Pr. Co., 1913. 3 p.
bibl. $i.
AGRICULTURE — STUDY AND TEACHING
Smith, Harry W., ed. Annotated list of books
recommended to secondary schools for use in teach-
ing agriculture and related subjects. (In Maine
Bull, of Univ. of Maine, N., 1913. 24 p.)
BIOLOGY
Clodd, Edward. The childhood of the world; a
simple account of man's origin and early history,
new ed. Macmillan. 4 p. bibl. $1.25 n.
BLOOD PRESSURE
Nicholson, Percival, M.D. Blood pressure in
general practice. 2d ed. Lippincott. 6 p. bibl.
$1.50 n.
BURGAGE
Hemmeon, Morley de Wolf. Burgage tenure in
mediaeval England. Harvard Univ. 9 p. bibl. $2.
(Harvard historical studies.)
BUSINESS
New books on business. (In Stockton [Cat.] P.P.
L. Bull., N., 1913. p. 22-25.)
Detroit Public Library. Books for business men.
22 p.
CHAUCER, GEOFFREY
Fansler, Dean Spruill. Chaucer, and the Roman
de la rose. Lemcke & Buechner. 4^ p. bibl. $1.50
n. (Columbia Univ. studies in English and com-
parative literature.)
CHURCH AND SOCIAL SERVICE
Ward, Harry F. The social creed of the
churches. Meth. Bk. Concern, bibls. 50 c. n.
CHURCHES OF GOD
Forney, C. H., D.D. History of the churches of
God in the United States of America. ("Harrisburg,
Pa.: Churches of God Pub. Ho.l 5^ p. bibl.
$2.65.
CITRUS FRUITS
California. — State Commission of Horticulture.
California citrus culture; by A. J. Cook. [Sacra-
mento:] F. W. Richardson, 1913. 10 p. bibl.
DRAMA
Mackenzie, William Roy. The English morali-
ties from the point of view of allegory. Ginn. 3
p. bibl. $2. (Harvard studies in English.)
EPISCOPAL CHURCH
Harris, Mary Brocas, comp. The altar of fellow-
ship; ancient prayers from the treasuries of the
universal church; and new devotions called forth
by the needs of today; also Fragmenta eucha-
ristica, the eucharistic devotions of the late Rt. Hon.
William E. Gladstone. Milwaukee: Young Church-
man. 6 p. bibl. $i.
ETHICS
Alexander, Archibald Browning Drysdale, D.D.
Christianity and ethics; a handbook of Christian
ethics. Scribner. 4 p. bibl. 75 c. n. (Studies in
theology.)
GARDENING
List of books on flora of California and list of
books on gardening. (In Stockton [Co/.] F. P. L.
Bull., May, 1913. p. 26-29.)
FOLK-LORE
Wright, Mrs. Elizabeth Mary Lea. Rustic
speech and folk-lore. Oxford Univ., 1913. 4^ p.
bibl. $2.40 n.
GEOLOGY
Johannsen, Albert. Manual of petrographic meth-
ods. McGraw-Hill Book Co. bibls. $6 n.
GOETHE, JOHANN WOLFGANG VON
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von. Faust: tr. by
Anna Swanwick; ed. by Karl Breul. Macmillan.
bibls. 35 c. n. (Bohm's popular library.)
GOVERNMENT
Beard, Charles Austin. American government
and politics, new and rev. ed. Macmillan. 6 p.
bibl. $2.10 n.
HIGGINSON, THOMAS WENTWORTH
Higginson, Mary Porter Thacher. Thomas Went-
wqrth Higginson; the story of his life. Houghton
Mifflin. 30 p. bibl. $3 n.
HISTORY
Marvin, Francis Sydney. The living past; a
sketch of western progress. Oxford Univ. Pr.,
1913. ii p. bibl. $1.15 n.
HISTORY, AMERICAN
Phillips, Paul Chrisler. The west in the diplo-
macy of the American Revolution. Urbana, 111.:
Univ. of 111., 1913. 10 p. bibl. (Studies in the
social sciences.)
HISTORY, ENGLISH
Baldwin, James Fosdick. The king's council in
England during the Middle Ages. Oxford Univ.,
1913- 6J4 p. bibl. $5.75 n.
HOLBERG, LUDVIG
Campbell, Oscar James, Jr. The comedies of
Holberg. Harvard Univ. 3 p. bibl. $2.50 n.
(Studies in comparative literature.)
IMAGINARY PLACES
Imaginary lands, cities, and institutions. (In
Quar. Bull, of New Orleans P. L., Ja.-Mr., 1914.
p. 19-20.)
INDIANS
Henderson, Junius, and Harrington, John Pea-
body. Ethnozoology of the Tewa Indians. Wash-
ington: Gov. Pr. Off. 4 p. bibl. (Smithsonian
Inst. Bur. of Amer. Ethnology. Bull. 56.)
IRELAND
Joyce, Patrick Weston. A social history of an-
cient Ireland. ... 2 v. 2d ed. Longmans. 21 p.
bibl. $7.50 n.
JONES, WILLIAM WEST
Wood, Michael H. M. A father in God; the
episcopate of William West Jones, D.D., arch-
bishop of Capetown and metropolitan of South
Africa, 1874-1908 . . . with an introduction by the
Yen. W. H. Hutton. Macmillan. bibl. $5 n.
LEGISLATIVE SYSTEMS
Kansas State Library — Legislative Reference
Dept. Legislative systems. [Part in. Bibl. on
the unicameral and bicameral systems.] n p. bibl.
(Bull, i.)
August, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
655
LIBERIA
Books and pamphlets regarding Liberia. (In
Catalogue of Libenan exhibition of Chicago His-
torical Society, Mr. 23-Ap. 4. p. 8-13.)
The catalog contains considerable other matter
of interest on Liberia.
LIBERIA — LANGUAGES
Books dealing with Liber ian languages. (In
Catalogue of Liberian exhibition of Chicago His-
torical Society, Mr. 23-Ap. 4. p. 32-34.)
LIBERIA — PUBLICATIONS
Liberian prints [publication/-]. (In Catalogue of
Liberian exhibition of Chicago Historical Society,
Mr. 23-Ap. 4. p. 22-29.)
LITERATURE, AMERICAN
Blount, Alma. Intensive studies in American
literature. Macmillan. 3 p. bibl. $i..o n.
LONDON
Van Dyke, John Charles. London; critical notes
on the National Gallery and the Wallace collection;
with a general introduction and bibliography for
the series. Scribner. 10 p. bibl. $i n. (New
guides to old masters.)
MACHINE SHOP PRACTICE
List of books on machine shop practice. (In
Stockton [Co/.] F. P. L. Bull., O., 1912. p. 12-19.)
MAGNA CHARTA
McKechnie, William Sharp. Magna Charta; a
commentary on the Great Charter of Kinjj John. 2d
ed. rev. and partly rewritten. Macmillan. bibl.
$4-25 n.
MANUSCRIPTS
Jackson, Abraham Valentine Williams, and Yo-
hannan, Abraham, eds. A catalogue of the collec-
tion of Persian manuscripts; including also some
Turkish and Arabic; presented to the Metropolitan
Museum of Art, New York, by Alexander Smith
Cochran. Lemcke & Buechner. 3 p. bibl. $1.50 n.
(Columbia Univ. Indo-Iranian series.)
MARYLAND
Catholic University of America. The Michael
Jenkins collection of works on the history of Mary-
land. Washington, D. C., 1913. 28 p.
MINIMUM WAGE
Reely, May K., comp. Selected articles on the
minimum wage. 1913. 48 p. (Abridged debaters'
handbook series.)
MINING
Rutledge, John J. The use and misuse of explo-
sives in coal mining; with a preface by Joseph A.
Holmes. Washington: Gov. Pr. Off., 1913. 13 p.
bibl. (U.. S. Dept. of the Int. Bur. of Mines.
Miners' circ. 7.)
MOROS
Reading list for the study of the Moros. (In
Bull. Philippine P. L., Mr., 1914. p. 147-150.)
MOUNTAINEERING
Special list of books on mountaineering. (In
[New York Public Library] Branch Library News,
May, 1914. p. 74-75.)
Music
Cartledge, J. A., comp. List of glees, madrigals,
part-songs, etc., in the Henry Watson music library
[of the Manchester, Eng., Public Libraries]. Man-
chester, 1913. 197 p. (Music lists, no. 4.)
Oakland [Cal.] 7ree Library. Vesper collection
of church music; finding list and rules for use.
39 P-
NEGRO
Russell, John H. The free negro in Virginia,
1619-1865. (Johns Hopkins University studies in
historical and political science, series 31, no. 3.)
This monograph is followed by a 9-page bibliog-
raphy, arranged under the following headings:
Manuscript; Laws and court decisions; Public docu-
ments; Newspapers; Magazines and periodicals;
Published parish records and local histories; Con-
temporary works and pamphlets, the number of the
latter listed being 49.
NEW YORK STATE
Sowers, Don C. The financial history of New
York state, from 1789-1912. Longmans. 3*4 p.
bibl. $2.50. (Columbia Univ. studies in political
science.)
NOSE
Davis, Warren B., M.D. Development and anat-
omy of the nasal accessory sinuses in man; obser-
vations . . . Philadelphia: Saunders. 4 p. bibl.
$3-50 n.
NUMISMATICS
List of works in the New York Public Library
relating to numismatics. Part iv. Conclusion. (In
Bull, of the N. Y. P. L., Ap., 1914. p. 404-428.)
OCEANICA
Catalogue of books, views, maps, relating to Aus-
tralia, Pacific islands, Philippines. Florence, Italy:
Otto Lange. 34 p. (No. 34. 595 items.)
OPERA
Sonneck, Oscar George Theodore, comb. Cata-
logue of opera librettos [in the Library of Congress]
printed before 1800. In 2 vols. Washington: Gov.
Pr. Off.
Vol. i. Title catalogue. 1172 p.
Vol. ii. Author list, composer list, and aria in-
dex. 1674 p.
ORIENT
Catalogue of books relating to the Far East and
Australasia. London, W. C. : George Salby. 24 p.
(No. 4. 472 items.)
PLOTINUS .
Select works of Plotinus; tr. by Thomas Taylor;
ed. by G. R. S. Mead. Macmillan. bibls. 35 c. n.
(Bohn's popular library.)
POLICE ADMINISTRATION
Munrq, Wm. B. List of references on police ad-
ministration. (In American City, Ap., 1914.
10:362-364.)
An annotated list arranged under the following
headings: General histories; Histories of police in
larger American cities; Police organization in
America; Police organization in Europe; State su-
pervision of police; General problems; Police statis-
tics; Police appointments and promotions; Police
equipment and records.
RELIGION
Galloway, George, D.D. The philosophy of reli-
gion. Scribner. 3 p. bibl. $2.50 n. (Interna-
tional theological library.)
REPRESENTATION
Bibliography of proportional representation in
Tasmania. (In Papers and proceedings of the
Royal Society of Tasmania, 1913.)
ROME
Barker, Ethel Ross. Rome of the pilgrims and
martyrs; a study in the martyrologies, itineraries,
syllogae and other contemporary documents. Doran,
1913- I7 P- bibl. $3.50 n.
RURAL SCHOOLS
Books on rural schools. (In Stockton [Cal.]
F. P. L. Bull., May, 1914. P- 17-18.)
SCOTLAND
List of works in the New York Public Library
relating to Scotland. Parts ill, iv. (In Bull, of
the N. Y. P. L., Ap., My., 1914. p. 359-403; p.
441-517.)
SOCIOLOGY
Bridgeport (Ct.) Public Library. A selected list
of books on social science. 5 p.
Selected list of books on social subjects, pub-
lished in 1913. (In Bull, of Russell Sage Found. L.,
Ap., 1914. 3 p.)
SOILS
Formation and nature of soils. (In Stockton
[Cal.] F. P. L. Bull., F., 1514. p. 19.)
STERILIZATION OF CRIMINALS
Meyer, H. H. B. List of references on steriliza-
tion of criminals and defectives. (In Spec. Libs.,
F., 1914- P- 23-32.)
SUNDAY, WILLIAM ASHLEY
Frankenberg, Theodore Thomas. Spectacular ca-
reer of Rev. Billy Sunday, famous baseball evan-
gelist. Columbus, O.: McClelland & Co. 3 p. bibl.
656
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[August, 1914
TAXATION — UNITED STATES
Smith, Harry Edwin. The United States federal
internal tax history from 1861 to 1871. Houghton
Mifflin. 9 p. bibl. $1.50 n. (Hart, Schaffner &
Marx prize essays.)
VERMEER, JAN
Hale, Philip Leslie. Jan Vermeer of Delft; with
reproductions of all of Vermeer's known paintings,
and examples of the work of certain of his contem-
poraries. Small, Maynard & Co., 1913. 6 p. bibl.
$10 n.
Vl KINGS
Vikings, privateers, and pirates. (In Quar. Bull,
of New Orleans P. L., Ja.-Mr., 1914. p. 20-21.)
VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE
Books on vocations. (In Bull. Medford [Mass.]
P. L., Jl.-D., 1913. p. 30-31.)
Special list on vocational guidance. (In Bull, of
the Osterhout F. L., Ap., 1914. p. 6-8.)
WELSH LANGUAGE
Fynes-Clinton, O. H. The Welsh vocabulary of
the Bangor district. Oxford Univ., 1913. 4 p. bibl.
$8.40 n.
WOMAN
Woman and her home. (In Quar. Bull, of New
Orleans P. L., Ja.-Mr., 1914. p. 17-19.)
Communications
QUERY
THE editor of the LIBRARY JOURNAL has re-
ceived the following query : For what au-
thors, poets or others, does there exist the
greatest demand, from reference librarians
or others, of suitable concordances? The LI-
BRARY JOURNAL would be glad to receive and
forward any suggestions from librarians in-
terested.
A BAD PRECEDENT
July 13, 1914.
To the Editor of the Library Journal:
Since the members of the American Library
Association in convention assembled are re-
stricted in their introduction of new business
to the offering of votes of thanks, and to pre-
senting matters bearing on local arrangements,
it becomes my duty to appeal to the Council
and urge them to note the unhappy example
set by the National Educational Association at
their recent meeting at St. Paul, where, in ad-
dition to many pertinent resolutions, were also
adopted resolutions favoring woman's suf-
frage, the teaching of sex hygiene, deformed
spelling, and favoring the Mexican policy of
President Wilson. Why nothing was said
about Mr. Hobson and national prohibition,
anti-vaccination, anti-vivisection, and dress re-
form is remarkable! 'It may be, after all, as
well that in our Association the introduction
of revolutionary topics should be restricted
to the Council, if it shall be the means of de-
fending the Association from the considera-
tion of every fad, fancy, or whim which may
be presented to a deliberative body.
The National Educational Association
stands for the highest ideals and the best
methods of conducting the school system of
the United States ; its career is honorable, and
it has made history. By the introduction of
sociological questions, passed in a large as-
sembly on the motion of a Committee on Res-
olutions, it has committed itself to a precedent,
which, to my mind, seems fraught with mis-
chief. We all know that resolutions, usually
presented in the closing hours of a session
when the delegates are wearied, are often
passed against the better judgment of many
members who would be glad to discuss the
subject and show the demerits, if proper time
were given the discussion. Again, there seems
to be a sort of sacro-sanctity attached to res-
olutions presented by presumably leading
members of an organization.
The American Library Association should
stand for high ideals, and methods best
adapted to provide, according to its primary
motto, the best books to the most people, with
the least trouble. It should studiously avoid
everything- of a sectarian, religious, or political
bias. As every library should have upon its
shelves books on both sides of every mooted
question, so librarians as a class should not
put themselves on record as favoring one side
or the other of controverted social questions.
Individually, they should feel as free as air to
prance with the Pankhursts, or hobnob with
the Hobsons, if they like — to take sides em-
phatically on any question of sociological im-
portance. But where opinions differ strongly
as they do, on matters entirely unrelated to
library affairs, there should absolutely be no
resolutions passed which would cause the or-
ganization, as a whole, to take sides on any
subject which does not belong properly to lit-
erature and its appraisement, or to library
management, ideals, and administration.
GEORGE H. TRIPP.
New Bedford, Mass.
OLtbrars Calendar
Aug. 3i-Sept. 4. Library Association (Eng-
lish). Annual meeting, Oxford.
Sept. — . Lake Superior Library Association,
Ashland, Wis.
Sept. 3-5. Pacific Northwest Library Asso-
ciation. Annual meeting, Spokane.
Sept. 6-13. New York Library Association,
Cornell University, Ithaca.
Oct. 15-17. Keystone State Library Associa-
tion. Annual meeting, Galen Hall, Wer-
nersville, Pa.
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
Voi,. 39
SEPTEMBER, 1914
No. 9
THAT the civilized world, close linked in
scholarship and art, no less than in com-
merce and finance, shoukl within a month
be in the grip of a merciless war would
have seemed utterly incredible when the
last issue of the LIBRARY JOURNAL went to
press. But as the frenzied expostulations
of international business were powerless to
check the torrent, so the restraining influ-
ences of the arts of peace proved equally
futile in the crisis which within the month
has overwhelmed the European world.
What thought could armed camps take of
scientific congresses and bibliothecal expo-
sitions? If civilization itself, as represent-
ed by the men who are truly bearing its
torch onward, stands in the way of "mobili-
zation," then civilization, it appears, is to
be brushed aside. At first glance, as so
many editorial writers have already point-
ed out, the prospect is a disheartening one.
We have not heard that the Leipzig Book
Exhibit has closed, but, in any event, the
war must prove disastrous to it. The Ox-
ford Conference, which promised so much
of vital interest, has been "indefinitely
postponed." Every journal bears word of
similar "postponements" in scores of lines
of scientific thought. M. Otlet, from Brus-
sels, has sent out an earnest plea for the
preservation of the enormous bibliographic
and scientific collections gathered there in
his charge; and his fears are but earnest
of the irremediable damage of war, of
destruction from which mankind and the
race are permanent sufferers. It is mon-
strous to suppose that the librarians of
France are in any sense the "enemies"
of their fellow librarians in Germany.
War is but a tragic interlude between
events which really count. It raises
no feelings with us but horrified bewilder-
ment, for our own professional friendships
are as sincere north of the Rhine as south
of it. The world will always be the debtor
of German thoroughness in scientific re-
search as it is the debtor of French bril-
liancy in analysis and English sanity in
things political. Our sympathy is with each
and all of the contestants, our only hope an
early return of peace.
Meanwhile the war has caught many
American members of the library profes-
sion abroad and brought many of them
without doubt the annoyance and possible
danger that has proved the unexpected lot
of the European tourist this summer. The
double magnet of the Leipzig Exhibit and
the Oxford Conference drew an unusual
number from this side, and the where-
abouts of many are still unknown as the
LIBRARY JOURNAL goes to press. Mr. Hill,
of the Brooklyn Public Library, was caught
abroad but was fortunate enough to be
among the first to get out of the trouble
zone. Mr. R. R. Bowker and Mrs. Bowker
were, by last accounts, in Switzerland.
Among others of the library profession now
abroad are: Mr. Asa Wynkoop, Miss Ade-
laide Hasse, Mr. W. N. C. Carlton, Miss
Josephine A. Rathbone, Miss Helene L.
Dickey, of Chicago Normal College, Miss
M. E. Ahern, of Public Libraries, Miss Jes-
sica Hopkins, of Paducah, Ky., Miss Mary
L. Titcomb, Mr. and Mrs. J. C. M. Hanson,
Miss Cora E. Hinkins, of Chicago Public
Library, Miss Grace E. Babbitt of Public
Library of the District of Columbia; also,
we believe, Dr. George H. Locke, of Toron-
to, Mr. C. F. D. Belden of the Massachu-
setts State Library, Miss Mary F. Isom of
Portland, Ore., and Mr. Samuel S. Green
of Worcester.
THE continued emphasis laid upon library
work with schools and in schools is re-
flected in this school number of the
LIBRARY JOURNAL. It is reflected also in
the increasing attention given the subject
658
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[September, 1914
in the programs of regular meetings of
both educational and library organizations.
This year, for the first time unless the
LIBRARY JOURNAL is mistaken, the Library
Section of the National Educational Asso-
ciation held a full-fledged conference of its
own. The meetings of this Library Sec-
tion at St. Paul, July 8, 9, 10, were enthu-
siastic and inspiring. To Miss Martha
Wilson of the Department of Education of
the State of Minnesota, especial credit is
due for her unceasing efforts to make the
meetings count both locally and nationally.
A notable feature was the eagerness of
some of the other departments of the N. E.
A. to co-operate. The first session was a
joint meeting with the National Council of
Teachers of English at which both teach-
ers and librarians discussed the "Cultural
possibilities of libraries." The second
session at the University Farm attracted
300 country teachers. Emphasis was placed
upon the importance of equipping teachers
for intelligent library work before send-
ing them into the schools. Finally, to em-
phasize this spirit of practical co-operation,
the chairman of the committee of the High
School Section charged with the prepara-
tion of a library list for history, asked the
Library Section for the appointment of a
librarian to work with the American His-
torical Association.
AN admirable statement of the true posi-
tion of the school library, which we reprint
in this school number of the LIBRARY JOUR-
NAL, was brought before the Council of the
American Library Association, and received
unanimous endorsement. Nowhere more
than in the work of schools is the real value
of the library as a factor in education more
manifest, and it should go without saying
that the school librarian should be a per-
son picked for the work, ranked fairly, and
paid properly. The too frequent practice of
retiring incompetent teachers by giving
them charge of the school library is a rem-
nant of the dark ages in library work which
should no longer be possible. The time
will soon come when every well equipped
school that is to hold its rank in our educa-
tional system must provide for a school li-
brary, not only well selected but well ad-
ministered, and this will mean the develop-
ment of the post of school librarian — a con-
necting link between the two great func-
tions,
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL is able to print
elsewhere in this issue an authoritative
statement of the present situation in a
phase of educational extension work in
which many librarians are interested and
few have as yet been able for various rea-
sons to do much, namely, motion picture
exhibits. The difficulties facing the libra-
rian are various. He faces a highly com-
mercialized and powerfully entrenched in-
dustry which cannot be expected to be over-
friendly to him unless, in the vernacular
phrase, "he means business." Motion pic-
tures are unquestionably coming to be an
educational agency of stupendous value.
The librarian cannot afford to ignore it.
Oftentimes, unfortunately, he can hardly
see how he can afford to use it. Neverthe-
less, as Mr. Cocks points out, dabbling with
it, playing with it, is as unsatisfactory to
the librarian as it is to the film manufac-
turer. Strange as it may seem, we are told
by the film people themselves that there has
been only a scattered demand for the finest
type of film on the part of libraries. They
also, we are told, and this is more easily
explicable, "have been unwilling to pay the
prices necessary to obtain films which cost
much to produce." We believe it to be
the function of the LIBRARY JOURNAL to
develop so far as possible a demand for
such films, for just as the demand increases,
the supply will appear. Apart from the
educational departments of some of the
larger motion picture manufacturers, the
work of handling the exchange end of edu-
cational pictures is being developed by at
least three companies with a larger or small-
er amount of capital and experienced ability
in this field.
THE ADMINISTRATION OF HIGH SCHOOL LIBRA-
RIES AS BRANCHES OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES*
BY HARRIET A. WOOD, Supervisor of High School Branches, Library Association,
Portland, Oregon
THIS rather formidable heading might
well be changed to "The supreme oppor-
tunity of the public library." Long have
public libraries hoped for popular recog-
nition as educational institutions, but fulfill-
ment has been slow because of the lack of
a teaching force. Women's club leaders
and university extension lecturers have
helped and public school teachers have re-
sponded nobly as individuals, but we libra-
rians must acknowledge that our point of
view has been very little understood by
educators. The fact that no officer of the
National Educational Association took any
part in the discussion of the Library Sec-
tion at the Salt Lake City meeting or, so
far as known, attended its sessions, is
indicative of the insignificant place that
libraries hold in elementary and second-
ary education. If we librarians are to be
welcomed into the councils of educators
as co-workers we must have first-hand
knowledge of school conditions. This can
be gained by reading educational books
and magazines and by observing intelli-
gently and sympathetically the work of
teachers and pupils in the schoolroom.
The term "teacher" should be taken in its
widest sense to include all leaders of study
groups whether public or private. When
teachers and librarians depend upon each
other for inspiration there will be an ex-
change of ideas upon educational move-
ments and upon book values that will af-
fect the school and library tremendously.
The stream of influence must flow from
the school into the library just as steadily
as from the library into the school, if edu-
cational isolation is to be made a thing of
the past. If this ideal is faithfully fol-
lowed a body of intelligent book lovers
will be developed. Training the young
people of the rising generation to work
out their own salvation in the laboratory
*Paper to be read at the meeting of the Pacific North-
west Library Association in Spokane, Sept. 4, 1914.
of books means to lead them from the
textbooks and selected libraries of the
school to the larger resources of the local
branch and central libraries, the state
library, the special libraries, and the great
national library at Washington, as well as
to inspire them to accumulate for them-
selves those books that represent their own
tastes and personal developments. The
joint work of teacher and librarian is to
remove all handicaps in this intellectual
race. Days in school are few compared
with days after school, and the present
tendency in education is to acquaint young
people with the environment in which they
are to live. What library system will
serve best in the solution of this problem?
Every community must face this question,
for no school worthy of the name can
exist without its laboratory of books, the
only laboratory that every pupil may use
throughout life.
One of the most recent solutions of-
fered is the cooperation of the school
boards and library boards in the "support
and management of school libraries. The
elementary school seems to be best served
by the small class room library in charge
of the teacher, together with a very care-
fully selected building library of the most
vital reference books. The high schools,
however, need larger collections and the
service of special librarians.
The following cities among others are
known to be trying the plan of public
library administration of high school
libraries : Cleveland, Ohio ; Madison, Wis. ;
Newark and Passaic, N. J. ; Portland and
Salem, Ore. ; Somerville, Mass. Tacoma,
Wash., and Gary, Ind., have decided upon
this course, and Manchester, N. H., ex-
pects to do so next year. Before discuss-
ing the merits of the system let us glance
at the practical adjustments that these
cities have made. There seems to be a
great variety, due doubtless to the condi-
66o
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
{September, 1914
tion of the treasury, the method of taxa-
tion, and to the pioneer stage of the work.
In every case the room, furniture, fix-
tures, and janitor service seem to be pro-
vided by the school board.
Books and periodicals with binding and
cataloging are as a rule supplied by the
library board. In Portland the school
board appropriated $10,000 for two suc-
cessive years, 1910 and 1911, for the pur-
chase of books for grade and high schools.
From 1912 on, the book fund for school
libraries has been a part of the public
library budget. The public library has
cared for the books from the beginning.
In Cleveland the school board buys most
of the reference books and magazines. In
Madison the school board provides teach-
ers' magazines, but all other books and
magazines are furnished by the library
board.
The question of who shall furnish sup-
plies does not seem to be easily deter-
mined in libraries chiefly reference with
records made at the central library. In
Cleveland and Portland the public library
board provides them for the most part. In
Madison in 1912 the expense was equally
divided and in 1913 chiefly borne by the
school board.
Salaries at present are paid in various
ways. In Newark the entire salary is paid
by the school board, in Portland for three
schools entirely by the library board, and
in Tacoma three-fourths by the school
board and one-fourth by the library board.
Salaries at present range from $570 to
$1200, the latter being the salary offered
by Tacoma for the first year of the Sta-
dium High School Library under joint
library and school control. In so new a
work salaries are not so high as they are
likely to be when the position of high
school librarian is on a firmer footing. It
is to be expected that good work in this
line will be rewarded by financial recog-
nition. The chief endeavor should be to
do a work that will provide lasting re-
sults.
Advocates of the organization of high
school libraries as branches of public libra-
ries recognize the splendid work that is
being done in libraries under school man-
agement, realizing that spirit and equip-
ment are larger factors in the success of
a library than any scheme of organization.
In this discussion, however, it is assumed
that an organization presenting the fewest
handicaps is being constantly sought by
educators who hold themselves open to
conviction. Mutual confidence must form
the basis for any such union of forces,
and complete sympathy with the work and
ideals of both institutions will surely re-
sult from the close alliance. The public
library wishing to have the great privilege
of entering the school must inspire the
school authorities with faith in its ability
to carry on the work satisfactorily and
with belief in its readiness to enter into the
life of the school.
The community at large will profit by
the close coordination of its two greatest
educational forces. Undoubtedly this com-
ing together of school and library is a
manifestation of the modern movement
toward economy and efficiency. While
educational effectiveness cannot be meas-
ured by comparative statistics of cost be-
cause of the intangible quality of its
product, nevertheless the first argument for
this plan that will occur to the taxpayer is
the economy in using the machinery of
the library for the school and that of the
school for the library.
Any one conversant with book-buying
realizes that the order department of a
library is obliged to keep constantly on
the alert. The buying of books at right
prices and in suitable editions is a business
in which long experience and practice are
essential to success. The order clerk must
be an expert if the purchasing capacity of
a library is to be kept at its maximum.
The handling of the book-buying through
the library gives to the school the advan-
tage of frequent purchases at the best
discounts. This is particularly important
in cities far removed from book centers,
for book bargains are difficult to secure
even with the utmost promptness. Nor
are the teachers and high school librarians
ignored in the selections, for the order
originates in the school. The high school
librarian watches the new books at the
public library and borrows for trial at the
school those especially suitable. In some
cases the copy at the central library will
EAST HIGH SCHOOL BRANCH UBR
TWO BRANCH LIBRARIES IN SCHOOL BUILDINGS AT CLEVELAND, OHIO
September, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
661
be sufficient to supply the occasional de-
mand at the school. Thus unwise pur-
chases and unnecessary duplications are
avoided.
A book that ceases to be of service in
the high school may be transferred per-
manently or temporarily ^ to another part
of the system. Changes in the course of
study and even in the faculty often cause
excellent books to be set aside. The libra-
rian of the board of education in one of
our large cities testifies that numbers of
books are thus put out of service. Whether
the books were purchased with school or
library funds, the school should always be
consulted in their disposition.
The cataloging of books, so vital to their
usefulness, is as expensive as it is import-
ant. Every high school library should be
fully cataloged, as nearly as possible lika
the public library, without the use of short
cuts, in order to enable the pupils to make
the most of the . school and public libra-
ries, and to furnish an object lesson in sys-
tem and order. If this cataloging is done
by the catalog department of the public
library, not only is there a saving in ex-
pense, but also a uniformity in method
that greatly aids the young student in his
use of public libraries. There should be
harmony in the catalogs from the juvenile
department up.
At first thought it might seem as if the
high school library should be modified to
fit the college library, but the vast major-
ity of high school students will not go to
college; their only universities will be pub-
lic libraries. College students with their
advanced training will adjust themselves
to modification. In every way the libra-
rian will emphasize the use of the library
in the school as a laboratory where stu-
dents may secure not only the informa-
tion needed for the next recitation but the
means of unlocking all of the gates of
knowledge.
The high school library should be care-
fully selected to set right standards be-
fore young people. For this reason some
school librarians hesitate to open the high
school library to the general public. The
problem becomes complicated with a va-
ried constituency. Other librarians with
Mr. Dana encourage the immediate com-
munity to use the library for reference,
contending that "the presence of adult fel-
low-workers is stimulating to the pupils
and it is well to have intimate knowledge
of school conditions widespread among
adults." Tacoma is to open its high
school library for circulation three even-
ings a week as well as during the day, so
that the merits of this plan will soon be
well tested.
The high school librarian, freed from
the exacting work of cataloging, can give
her individual attention to personal work
with students and teachers. A certain
amount of bibliographical and analytical
work is very profitable, but no high school
librarian can be fresh for work with her
public who is absorbed in record work
during school hours or who stays overtime
to do it. School librarians who attempt to
do personal work in addition to the cata-
loging certainly violate the eight-hour law.
One writes : "I have such busy days at
the high school from 8 a. m. to 6 or 7 p. m.
that I cannot write a line and have to
bring all my mail home to answer." An-
other states: "I work regularly ten hours
a day and do all my reading besides."
The high school librarian studies with
the teacher the best methods of bringing
books and readers together, and of mak-
ing books not a necessary evil through
which to make credits and escape from
school, but a means of pleasure and the en-
largement of life.
The high school librarian is the go-
between whose attendance upon the meet-
ings of school faculty and staff acquaints
the worker in each field with the interests
and activities of the other.
The general school librarian is indebted
to the high school librarian in the selection
of books for the upper grammar grades
and they in turn are glad of the light
thrown upon the high school work by
familiarity with the work of the grades.
The increasing popularity of the junior
high school, which includes the two upper
grammar grades and the first year of high
school, is bringing about a clearer under-
standing between the teachers of the older
and younger pupils, to the great advantage
of the pupils.
The gulf that has existed between the
662
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[September, 1914
grades and the high school is thus being
bridged and librarians should not be slow in
noting the significance of the movement.
Close touch with the reference librarian
prevents duplication in bibliographical
work, especially relating to debates, and
brings much helpful pamphlet material to
the attention of the high school faculty.
While important numbers of the magazines
should be found on the high school shelves,
the accumulation of pamphlet files of
periodicals is superfluous if students are
trained to the use of the reference room.
The high school librarian holds a
unique position in the school. The stu-
dents are brought into intimate contact
with her every day during their entire
course, and the faculty hold her in con-
stant review. It is not surprising there-
fore that a wise superintendent recently
asked, "What about the misfit in the high
school library?" Great care should be
exercised in selecting a librarian who
seems equipped for this peculiarly difficult
and important position. The general re-
quirements are a college degree, library
school training, and previous experience in
school and library work, as well as a per-
sonality that appeals to young people. In
case of an error in selection, the situation
can be more easily adjusted in a public
library system calling for librarians pos-
sessed of a variety of talents than in a
public school system where library posi-
tions are not so diversified.
Granted that the right librarian has been
secured and provided that her hands are
not tied with technical details, there is no
one in the schools with so wonderful an
opportunity to mold the lives of the stu-
dents and to assist them in finding them-
selves in their life work. Through the
very atmosphere created by the personality
.presiding over the library are the students
receiving impressions that are preparing
them for that self-mastery that is the true
basis of self-government, not only in the
school but in the world after school.
LIBRARY WORK IN VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE*
BY SAMUEL H. RANCK, Librarian, Grand Rapids Public Library
VOCATIONAL guidance, as we know it
to-day, is closely related to the movement
for vocational and industrial education ; but
vocational education, it should be clearly
understood, is much broader than industrial
education. It includes the latter. Further-
more, vocational guidance is not vocational
education, though it is sometimes so spoken
of. Industrial education is largely encour-
aged by the employers of labor who find
that the schools do not send them boys and
girls immediately fitted for the work they
are to do as producers. This movement on
the part of employers is due to a strong con-
viction that many of the things taught chil-
dren in school are of no use to them as wage
earners. The difficulty of the problem of
our schools fitting children for industry is
increased by the fact that most children are
"motor-minded or thing-minded," while
most teachers (especially women) are
"word- or symbol-minded."
*Read before the joint meeting of the Michigan
and Wisconsin Library Associations, Menominee-
Marinette, Aug. 29-31, 1914.
Time was when the expense of the train-
ing of young people for industry was borne
by the industry itself, through the appren-
tice system. Most of the industries cannot,
or will not, take the time or trouble to train
men and women for those industries, but
wish the boys and girls to come to them
fairly well prepared — preferably at the ex-
pense of someone else. The use of ma-
chinery where each individual makes only a
fractional part of the finished product
makes the old fashioned apprentice system
impossible. In such industries many of the
workers are operators of machines, not
skilled workmen, and they enter these in-
dustries not from choice or by reason of
preparation, but because of the first oppor-
tunity to earn wages.
Vocational guidance is the effort to guide
young people into useful occupations for
which they are best suited. This applies
to every kind of occupation or work, to
professional as well as to industrial and
technical work. Vocational guidance is
September, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
663
simply an attempt to introduce organized
knowledge into a field long left to blind
chance.
Vocational guidance has been denned as
the science of self-discovery, as an organ-
ized conscious effort of helping people to
find themselves, developing in each person
genuine manhood and womanhood. It has
to do with problems educational and social,
as well as occupational, for one's occupa-
tion is only a portion of a normal human
life. Let me quote here the advice of one
of the great engineers of modern times :
"Make a man of yourself first, and after-
wards an engineer." To help a person to
find himself is a very big undertaking. On
the results of it depend largely the useful-
ness and happiness of the individual, and
ultimately of society. It is not only a prob-
lem of the schools and of the library, but it
is a problem of society, and fundamentally
it is a problem of democracy, for no one
can be as good a citizen as a democracy re-
quires unless he is engaged in useful work,
in the doing of which he can find full self-
expression, which alone can spell happiness.
All this means that he must be tempera-
mentally, intellectually, and physically
adapted for his work, and that he has a
noble conception of the ends and aims of life
and of what constitutes genuine success.
It is the very great privilege of the librarian
to place in the hands of readers the books
of the wisest men of all ages, whose words
and thoughts still live and help others to
live, by helping them find themselves.
Along with this self-discovery goes the
necessity of "preserving to the individual
his ambition to aspire to make of himself
what he will" — the most glorious preroga-
tive of a human being. A democratic so-
ciety ought not to tolerate for one minute
the thought that our boys and girls before
they leave school, or a few years thereafter,
can be shunted into a line of work which
they are expected to follow the rest of their
lives. In that direction lies a society based
on the idea of caste. No person, however
great his knowledge of occupations, or vast
his experience in life, can ever tell with
exactness what any given individual is best
fitted to do. He can only suggest the oppor-
tunity that certain occupations offer and
discuss with the person his possible adapta-
bility for them. With this knowledge and
help each person must work out his own
salvation.
The work of the vocational director or
guide is not only to help a person to find
himself and to realize the most of his pos-
sibilities, but it is just as important for the
guide to steer young people away from a
vocation as into it, by pointing out the limi-
tations that are a part of particular lines of
work. He must systematically instill in the
thought of serious-minded young people
the challenge, What has this occupation to
offer me?
Perhaps I can best illustrate this point
by citing two instances that came under my
observation recently. Some time ago I had
the privilege and pleasure of going through
a factory in Detroit that employs some 3,000
persons. It is an institution that has an
international reputation. The work is high
grade and the wages and factory conditions
excellent, but the thing that most impressed
itself on my mind was the fact that the
workers were nearly all young men. On
asking about this the superintendent who
was my guide stated that in that particular
factory forty years was the dead line, that
when a man reached that age, with rare ex-
ceptions, it was the policy of the institution
to let him out. The only thought in the
management of this factory was the quality
and quantity of the product turned out, the
most possible in a given length of time. By
the time the young men who go into that
factory reach the age of forty they are
nervously incapacitated for keeping up the
pace and the institution drops them, and
they are then thrown on the world to begin
anew their struggle for life. Such a fac-
tory may be a great commercial and finan-
cial success, but I cannot help believing
that an institution that deliberately scraps
men by the time they are forty is a curse
to the social life of its community, and to
the men who must work in it. It is the
business of those who are giving vocational
guidance to know the limitations that go
with an institution of that kind. It is most
decidedly not the chief business of the pub-
lic with its taxes to train workers for an
institution that expects to scrap them at the
age of forty.
Last June I visited a factory for the
664
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[September, 1914
manufacture of men's clothing, in Cleve-
land, where about 1,000 persons are em-
ployed, two-thirds of them women. The
sanitary and other appointments of this fac-
tory are all that could be desired; in fact
they are very much better than the working
conditions in the average public library. By
the way the people moved, however, one
could not help but realize that everyone was
working at tremendous pressure and speed,
for nearly everything was done on a piece-
work basis. One of the impressive sights
was a man with a tablet before him and two
stop watches, analyzing and recording the
motions of a worker at her machine. In a
group of workers who were perhaps
making button-holes, or another group who
were simply sewing in pockets, or perhaps
making the bands for the belt to hold up
trousers, before machines going at tremen-
dous speed, the stop watch man was watch-
ing a new girl, analyzing her motions, find-
ing out where her lost time occurred, for
the purpose of coaching her in the effort
to increase her speed of production three or
four times; in other words, the driving of
the individual, and the regulation of the
routine of the individual, were all directed
to the purpose of getting the largest pos-
sible amount of product with the least
amount of expenditure of time and energy
as well as space. I was told that for this
work the average American was not well
adapted, that it required persons from fam-
ilies of a foreign race of the first or second
generation, who were able to withstand the
nervous strain of work under such condi-
tions.
Now I find no fault with economic and
industrial efficiency, and the methods of
scientific management to help us arrive at
such efficiency. We need much more of
this sort of efficiency in all our occupations,
libraries included. But I do insist that such
efficiency shall not be at the expense of the
vitality of the worker and his efficiency as
a factor in human society. It is the business
of the vocational guide to understand and
know working conditions and their effect
on the worker; for vocational guidance
operates not only for economic efficiency,
but for social efficiency.
In its early stages vocational guidance
concerned itself largely with that of finding
a job for the boy or girl. At the present
time where vocational guidance is organ-
ized through the public school system the
emphasis has been largely transformed into
the effort to keep boys and girls out of
industries as long as possible, by convincing
them and their parents that the best thing
they can do at the school age is to continue
in school. This means that those who en-
deavor to act as vocational guides must
know the facts (as they have been brought
out in a number of investigations) of the
great economic value to the child of his con-
tinuance in our schools with all their present
faults, real or imaginary. There are others
who believe that the persons most in need
of vocational guidance are the teachers and
parents, rather than the boys and girls
themselves.
A vocational guide or vocational coun-
sellor, in addition to knowing the industries,
must also know the individual boys and
girls. This view is based on the idea that
it is because of the failure of teachers and
parents to understand life and the problems
of the child, and because of the lack of
proper teaching in the schools, that children
go into industry so soon and so poorly pre-
pared. The facts back of this view are
those studies that claim to show that nearly
three-fourths of the children who leave
school when the law allows, do so not be-
cause of direct economic pressure in the
home, but because the school has lost its
grip upon them.
At the recent national conference in
Grand Rapids the present trend of voca-
tional guidance was summarized as follows :
" ( i ) The work began originally with the
attention given to various types of misfits
in the social settlements. It was based on
what might be characterized as a 'niche'
theory of society, which states the problem
as that of finding the particular place or
station (niche) in life which exists some-
where for each individual. (2) In the sec-
ond stage it was held to be the duty of
society to tinker with, and in some way to
patch up, individuals that are defective.
(3) The idea was conceived of working
through the public schools to prevent in-
dividuals from being spoiled in the making.
(4) Next came a shift in emphasis to the
necessity of vocational training. (5) And
September, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
665
finally we have come to a recognition of
the necessity for an educational survey of
the community in order to determine and
to make known the facilities and opportuni-
ties that are already available, and for a
survey of the industries in order to deter-
mine what the real needs are. The present
tendency undoubtedly is to seek to utilize
the public school system as the agency for
the prosecution of the work, looking toward
the solution of these great problems."
Where does the library and the librarian
come in in all this vocational guidance
scheme, particularly for the boys and girls
who have left school and are earning
wages, most likely a blind alley job? First
of all the librarian must know and thor-
oughly understand the vocational opportu-
nities of his own community. This means
working conditions, wages, hours of labor,
chances for personal improvement, chances
for advancement in wages, etc., as well as
the hazard to life and limb and health. In
short, the business of the librarian who
attempts to give vocational advice is to
know the full social significance of the in-
dustries and occupations of his community.
This is a very big job, a bigger job than
most of us have time to undertake. The
smaller the community, however, the easier
it is for the librarian to master it.
Next, the librarian must know the litera-
ture that relates to these occupations in his
community, so that he may help the boys
and girls at work in them to find themselves
and improve themselves in the work they
are daily doing. In this direction the
librarian has the greatest opportunity once
you get such persons into your library. To
get a young person interested in reading
and studying about his work is an achieve-
ment that will mean much to him, to his'
employer, and to society at large. It is the
kind of vocational guidance, a kind of voca-
tional enlightenment, that makes for the
highest efficiency. And here the average
librarian can do more than in any other
way. By a better understanding of his job,
such as one can get from library books, the
worker learns to see his work whole, and
that will dignify it and give him a self
respect and an interest that is of the utmost
value to himself and to society.
Third, the librarian must know something
about the opportunities of occupations and
the literature relating to them in other com-
munities, so that he may know what to
place in the hands of particular boys and
girls who wish to seek such opportunities
elsewhere, especially in a community where
the outlook is limited.
And finally the librarian must personally
know the boys and girls. This is absolutely
necessary for worth-while work in this
direction. Nothing can take the place of
this personal knowledge. And it is this
that is most difficult for the librarian in a
large city to get. A certain amount of gen-
eral work with worth-while books the
library is doing all the time ; but to deal with
a particular case the guidance offered, or
indirectly suggested, can only be given intel-
ligently on the basis of personal knowledge.
In Grand Rapids the library and the
schools have been cooperating in the work
of vocational guidance for a number of
years. The more I see of it the more I am
convinced of the difficulties of the problems
and the more I am convinced that vocational
guidance attempted with a lack of compre-
hensive knowledge may easily do as much
harm as good. In all this work, however,
I am convinced most thoroughly that we
should emphasize all along the line the fact
that the most important vocation for which
we are training our boys and girls is that
of citizenship, and therefore, that we must
emphasize the moral and social elements of
life as over against the mere industrial or
productive elements: in other words, that
we are dealing with human beings with
hearts and souls rather than with mere
units of human energy who may be used
for the production of things — and dollars.
For after all is said and done the chief
business of life is not the getting of a living,
great in importance as that is, but to live,
and to realize the full possibilities of human
personality. To use the words of Dr.
Saleeby, "The soul of all improvement is
the improvement of the soul."
If the crowns of all the kingdoms of the
empire were laid down at my feet in ex-
change for my books and my love of read-
ing, I would spurn them all. — FENELON.
LIBRARIES AND MOTION PICTURES— AN IGNORED
EDUCATIONAL AGENCY
BY ORRIN G. COCKS, Advisory Secretary, National Board of Censorship
THE libraries of the United States have
failed to see the educational value of motion
pictures during their period of growth in
the last 15 years. These have now become
overwhelmingly commercial and are sup-
plied daily to over 17,000 motion picture
houses. The libraries propose entering the
field by exhibiting films which are peculiarly
suitable for instruction and enlightenment.
They must pay the price for their earlier in-
difference !
For years, the National Board of Cen-
sorship has been urging the development
of the use of educational films. It has found
many difficulties in the way, including an
inertia on the part of schools, colleges, libra-
ries, and churches. It is necessary to state
these facts if librarians throughout the
country are to realize the obstacles in the
way of securing satisfactory programs.
There is no question but that splendid
films are in existence. The manufacturers
abroad and in the United States have
scoured the world for scientific, literary,
historical, artistic, scenic, and nature films.
These manufacturers hold the sample copies
of possibly 15,000 subjects, a part of which
can be bought outright if desired. The
trouble is not with the film supply, but with
the ability of occasional renters to obtain
from exchanges what they want, when they
want it and at a satisfactory price.
In order to explain this technical situa-
tion, some facts should be given. There are
a number of elements entering into the pro-
duction, distribution, and exhibition of mo-
tion pictures. The raw stock of celluloid
from which films are made has a certain
life. The film base is usually inflammable.
Before pictures are manufactured or exhib-
ited, it is necessary to obtain splendid cam-
eras, studios, staging, and highly paid actors
and actresses, or to search diligently for
proper out-door settings for subjects. The
proper use of the camera is an art in itself.
The skilful direction of people and scenes
to obtain illusions is also a highly technical
business; even the production of tra\el,
scenic, and scientific pictures with a mini-
mum waste of film requires a high grade of
artistic ability. When once the picture has
been constructed, prepared with subjects
and sub-titles, and has been submitted to the
National Board of Censorship, it must be
advertised, circulated among exchanges
throughout the states of the Union, and
await its demand by the exhibitors. In most
cases, the man directing an exchange
orders only a partial list of the films manu-
factured by the group of producers with
whom he has affiliation. He rents the films
to the exhibitors in circuits immediately
around his city. The price for a day's use
varies with the number of times it has run,
the demand for the picture, its original cost,
and the number of reels or parts.
All this process has been built up because
of the regular daily demand of the people
for entertainment and enlightenment. Let
me emphasize the fact that the demand is
regular. The manufacturers also know
the percentage of film subjects demanded,
whether it be thrilling, tragic, humorous,
artistic, or educational.
The libraries which desire motion picture
films are scattered. They make demands
upon the exchanges only occasionally. The
insist that films having comparatively little
popularity in the commercial houses shall
be furnished them. It is only natural that
these exchange men who obtain their living
from the regular demand of the commer-
cial exhibitor are little interested in meet-
ing the occasional request of the libraries
for service.
The manufacturers and exchange man-
agers realize that the increasing use of mo-
tion pictures in libraries, colleges, schools,
and churches will, necessarily, draw away
somewhat from commercial houses. They
have cast their interest in with the com-
mercial exhibitor and are loyal to him.
Another fact which should be stated is
that librarians sometimes demand a conces-
September, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
667
sion in price. This has been the case many
times in and around New York. They also
have not always been business-like in the
return of films.
The following firms of manufacturers
announce that they have libraries of educa-
tional films which can be obtained :
The General Film Company, 71 West 23d
St., New York City;
The Pathe Freres, i Congress St., Jer-
sey City, N. J.;
The Eclair Film Company, 126 West 46th
St., New York City ;
Thomas A. Edison Company, 239 Lake-
side Ave., Orange, N. J. ;
The Gaumont Company, no West 40th
St., New York City;
The Hepworth American Film Corpora-
tion, no West 40th St., New York City;
George Kleine Company, 166 North State
St., Chicago, 111.
There may be others, but these are the
larger manufacturers. It is possible to ob-
tain their books of educational films upon
request. It does not follow that the films
noted in these books can be obtained upon
demand. Correspondence with the com-
panies will undoubtedly make clear the con-
ditions. A further fact is also important.
The manufacturers of films withdraw from
circulation most of their film subjects after
they have been in circulation from 3 to 6
months. This gives them the opportunity
to construct new films and to increase the
profit of a lucrative business. Unless films
are purchased outright, as time goes on it
becomes increasingly difficult to obtain some
of those which have been most beautiful
and inspiring.
I desire to speak of solutions for these
difficulties later. In the meantime, let us
consider motion picture projecting machines
and booths. Since the celluloid films are
inflammable — though many of them are slow
burning — it is necessary to protect audi-
ences. Hence the fire-proof booth. Since
pictures tend to flicker as they pass by upon
the screen, it is important that a good grade
of projection machine be obtained for reg-
ular exhibition. This minimizes the eye
strain. Since most films are of standard
size with standard perforations for exhibi-
tion, it is economical to obtain machines
which will permit the display of the regu-
lation film. The ordinary machine costs
about $225 and a fire-proof booth about
$100. Many companies are experimenting
to produce satisfactory small machines that
cost in the region of $100. This has been
accomplished for small rooms and limited
uses. Advertisements can be found in the
motion picture trade papers.
A word about the psychology of audi-
ences. Exhibitors everywhere testify that
their patrons cannot be held with programs
which are exclusively educational or con-
sciously inspiring. The so-called educa-
tional picture has been used in many the-
atres as, in the motion picture slang, "a
chaser." When these appear, the crowd
leaves, making way for a new audience.
An increasing number of exhibitors, how-
ever, recognize the appeal of the rest of
these technical pictures and hold their
audiences with them. A warning should be
given to librarians against an attempt to
furnish instruction at the expense of enter-
tainment. A well-balanced program will
produce a far more satisfactory result than
a program which excludes laughter and
thrills.
It ought to be clear by this time that it
is no easy work to provide a regular pro-
gram of a high grade. It cannot be done
by a librarian who looks over a stock book-
let and quickly makes two or three selec-
tions from likely subjects. This business
should be left to someone who makes it a
large part of his or her duty. He can ob-
tain the films if the library is within striking
distance of an exchange centre for films,
but time, ability, patience, and money must
be expended.
A final statement should be made about
obtaining films. From the standpoint of
the library or the school, the present sys-
tem is unsatisfactory. The commercial
companies with large stocks of films are
not particularly interested in the occasional
trade of institutions for education and en-
lightenment. Several organizations are in
process of development which aim to cater
to the forces of enlightenment in the com-
munity. It must be said that this demands
large capital for the purchase of films and
keen business ability to maintain a circula-
tion which will be profitable. The organ-
izations which have been launched are based
668
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
. [September, 1914
largely upon the plan of circulating a set
program in 52 circuits composed of 7 mem-
bers each. This will enable such a company
to furnish 360 institutions with a five-reel
program once a week at the initial expense
for 230 reels of film. It makes it difficult,
however, to obtain a varied program or to
have it more often than once a week. The
weekly rental for such a service will prob-
ably range from $10 to $25.
Another solution which would be more
satisfactory for schools and libraries is the
annual appropriation by the state of a
sufficient sum to allow the purchase of a
number of the best films each year by the
state libraries or the state department of
education. This increasing library of films
could be held for circulation throughout
the state at a nominal rental for libraries
and schools. A committee skilled in the de-
mands of these institutions for certain
classes of films could make the selection.
Such a plan pre-supposes, however, a far
more general demand than there is at
present for such purposes. The only other
solution which has occurred to thinkers on
this subject is the purchase at a large
initial cost of a supply of films for rental
and exhibition by some philanthropists or
philanthropic foundation. Even this plan
would have the disadvantage of being lo-
cated in one section of the country and un-
able quickly and economically to supply the
demands iri various parts of the country. It
would appear that either these social service
film exchanges must develop rapidly and
satisfactorily or public demand must cause
the creation of state film libraries. In the
meantime, libraries must make the best use
possible of the commercial film exchanges
or co-operate far more than they are at
present doing with the motion picture ex-
hibitor who is in their vicinity. Both
librarians and teachers will be surprised to
find a willingness on the part of many such
men to furnish entirely satisfactory pro-
grams if audiences of library patrons, school
children and their parents will be guar-
anteed.
To supplement Mr. Cocks' article the
JOURNAL on its own responsibility prints
below a selected and, it believes, an au-
thoritative list of manufacturers of inex-
pensive machines and of companies which
furnish educational motion pictures, in the
hope that librarians who are interested in
the use of motion pictures in the library
may find the information of value.
Machines which can be furnished for a
price around $100 are as follows:
Pathescope, Pathe Freres, 115 East 23d
- St., New York City;
Kineclair, Eclair Film Co., 126 West 46th
St., New York City;
Phantoscope Mfg. Co., Bond Bldg.,
Washington, -D. C. ;
The Animatograph, Victor Animatograph
Co., Davenport, Iowa;
Edison Home Kinetoscope, Thos. A. Edi-
son, Inc., Orange, N. J. ;
Nicholas Power Co., 90 Gold St., New
York City.
These machines operate under different
mechanical devices, with various fprms of
lighting, projection, protection of film, etc.
Some of them advertise that the 'fire hazard
is reduced to a minimum, -and we believe
all but one use the standard size of film.
Screens, tickets, equipment, etc., may be ob-
tained from the American Theatre Supply
Co., 218 West 42d St., New York City.
Any one of the companies mentioned will
be glad to send complete information con-
cerning their machines in response to in-
quiries.
There are at least three bureaus which
have declared themselves ready to furnish
film service of the kind desired in libraries,
though no guarantee can be made at pres-
ent that service can be obtained except
within, possibly, 200 miles of New York.
There is little doubt about the satisfactory
character of the films they furnish: These
bureaus are:
The Community Service & Film Bureau,
Rev. Charles Stelzle, managing direct-
or, 200 Fifth Ave., New York City;
The Church and School Social Service
Bureau, Rev. Wm. Carter, president, 18
East 4ist St., New York City;
The Motion Picture Bureau, Edward W.
Robinson, Singer Bldg., New York
City.
Besides these, the following large com-
panies have educational departments:
The General Film Co., Educational Dept.,
71 West 23d St., New York City;
September, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
669
Gaumont Co., Congress St., Flushing, L.I. ;
Pathe Freres, I Congress St., Jersey
City, N. J.
Large commercial exchanges of the great
film producing companies have many edu-
cational subjects on their shelves, and li-
braries and schools in different parts of the
country desiring to obtain programs should
make a more serious effort to discover what
these subjects are. Any motion picture ex-
hibitor will tell the names of these ex-
changes, and an examination of their re-
sources will show the investigator the great
possibilities already existing for arrang-
ing programs well suited to production
either in library or school.
SELECTION AND 'COST OF EDITIONS*
BY LsRoY JEFFERS, Of the New York Public Library
ONE of the most important factors in the
purchase of books for a new library, or in
adding to a collection already established,
is that of editions and their cost. No library
large or small can afford to overlook the
great possibilities of extending the purchas-
ing power of the book fund.
As you all know, the day of the net book
is fairly here. It is only a short time ago
that Doubleday, encouraged by the success
of all publishers in issuing their new books
at net prices, decided to make their entire
list net. Other publishers watched with in-
terest, and as nothing unpleasant happened,
Macmillan decided to try it. Libraries still
continued to buy, and Appleton, Dodd, and
Houghton have'just come in for the feast
by making their entire catalogs net. Put-
nam, Lippincott, .and Little will do so in
July, and before we realize it practically
all publishers will do likewise. Let us con-
sider briefly the result to a library.
Fiction was $1.50 regular, less 33 1-3 per
cent., or $1.00 a copy for the first year; now
it is often $1.35' net, less 10 per cent., or
$1.22. After the first year of protection it
was formerly subject to as much as 40 per
cent, discount, which was 90 cents a copy
on thousands of titles. Now there are very
few libraries that secure over 25 per cent.,
or $1.01 a copy. A greater discrepancy is
evident with juvenile fiction over a year old,
which is now 25 per cent., as compared
with a former 40 to 44 per cent. In non-
fiction the increased cost is even more no-
ticeable, as thousands of titles are published
at several dollars each. A $5.00 book could
formerly be purchased at 40 per cent, dis-
count for $3.00; now it costs $3.75.
*Remarks at the New York Library Association
Institutes, spring of 1914.
The immediate result is a flood of rumors
from all over the country to the effect that
libraries are securing better discounts than
10 per cent, on net books during the year of
protection, from certain booksellers. Al-
though the courts have ruled that the Pub-
lishers' Association cannot maintain prices,
the bills of individual publishers rendered to
booksellers and jobbers specify that their
books are not to be sold at less than this
rate. I think the fair and honorable way
for libraries is to respect the wishes of the
publisher and the needs of the bookseller,
and to pay this increased cost, and not to
enter into secret dealings for additional dis-
counts. The mutual confidence of the pub-
lisher and the librarian is of greater value,
and it is possible that eventually a better
discount may be legitimately arranged for
libraries.
When these facts of increased cost are
considered it will be apparent to all that
there is financial necessity for considering
the various editions in which a book is
published, and for frequently selecting one
of lower price than the original.
In order to purchase books intelligently
for a library, it is necessary to build up a
card record file of popular titles that are
published in different editions. Using the
ordinary catalog card, the author and title
are shown, below which a separate line is
devoted to each edition. The publisher is
recorded on the left; the number of vol-
umes, if more than one to the title, is
placed between the red vertical lines ; after
which the published price is given. If the
book is a classic appearing in several edi-
tions, note is made of the illustrator, fol-
lowed by data on the type and paper. Symbols
are used to indicate which is the best edi-
6/o
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[September, 1914
tion to purchase in publishers' covers, and
which one to have bound from the sheets in
strong binding. When a similar edition to
the one entered is published abroad, record
of the publisher and shilling price is made
on the next line, and the two publishers are
joined by brackets to indicate the relation.
This card record file may be gradually
built up from the Publishers' Trade List
Annual, and from current entries in the
Publishers' Weekly and Cumulative Index.
English editions may be secured from the
Whitaker Catalog, and kept up to date from
the Bookseller and Publishers' Circular. As
various editions are seen at bookstores or at
other libraries, or are purchased or secured
on approval, note is made on these cards, so
that in time they become invaluable for
intelligent book purchasing.
In the selection of suitable editions for a
public library many factors are involved.
In comparison of different editions, some of
the most essential points whereby poor edi-
tions may be eliminated and the best dis-
covered are:
1. Eliminate if unauthorized and abridged
text with no statement of abridgement or
editorship on the title page. Such editions
are usually pirated. Be careful to pur-
chase only latest editions of all titles except
fiction. This is important in the purchase
of reference books, which are occasionally
revised; likewise new or revised matter is
frequently added to books of travel and
biography. In purchasing editions of the
standard poets beware of "Poems of,"
"Poems by," and "Poems," as they are usu-
ally only such portion of the complete
poetical works as the publisher was able
to secure legitimately, or which he could
safely steal on account of the expiration of
the copyright. It is always wise to con-
sider the general reputation and standing
of the publisher when selecting editions.
2. Select whenever possible, when read-
able type can be obtained, one volume edi-
tions in place of those published in several
volumes. The first volume of a set is usu-
ally worn out before the remainder is
ready to be discarded, and readers who lose
one volume are forced to pay for the en-
tire set, as publishers will rarely sell the
volumes separately. To illustrate: Hugo's
"Les miserables" is published by Little in
five volumes at $5.00 net, but it is obtain-
able in one volume published by Scott at 35.
6d. regular. It should be ordered in strong
binding, and can be secured for a small
fraction of the cost of the five volume set.
Dumas, "Three musketeers," I volume,
Scott at 35. 6d. instead of Little, 2 volumes,
$2 net. Tolstoi, "Anna Karenina," Scott
33. 6d. instead of Crowell, 2 volumes, $2.50.
3. Reject the edition if the type shows
through the paper so that there is confusion
to the eye in reading. It is surprising how
many otherwise good editions are rendered
worthless on account of a more or less
transparent paper. India paper is unsuit-
able for library use, yet it is occasionally
used by reputable publishers.
4. Note whether the inner margin is too
narrow to read the page with ease. Often
a, good edition becomes a poor one for this
reason alone. If the book is one likely to
need rebinding soon, or is to be placed in
strong binding from the sheets, note wheth-
er the margin is wide enough to stand
the sewing.
5. Is the type too large for practical use,
or, as is far more frequently the case, too
small to read comfortably? Very heavy
face type is undesirable.
6. What are the wearing qualities of the
paper? Is it too thin or too thick; of
glazed, or of spongy surface? Form a
general impression of its durability based
on experience with books of similar char-
acter.
7. If illustrated, is its appearance en-
hanced by a competent illustrator, one in
sympathy with the spirit of the author; or
do the illustrations discourage the interest
of the reader? Classic characters dressed
in modern costume are hardly in keeping
with real literature.
8. Binding: Is the cover design cheap,
or is it attractive? What is the quality of
the cloth? Has the book strength in its
joint, usually the weakest point of a library
book? If it has a paper label, avoid it.
9. Price: What is the actual cost to the
library in comparison with other accept-
able editions? If you were to purchase it
personally would you be satisfied to select
the most expensive edition?
10. Is it ordinarily a better investment to
purchase it in publishers' binding, or to
September, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
67I
have it strongly bound from the sheets?
Books with undesirable publishers' covers
can be made serviceable through strong
binding. Most English editions of fiction
are poorly sewn, so that they soon need re-
binding. It is better to purchase them in
strong binding, importing them free of duty
for, library use.
In general, fiction by American authors
should nearly always be purchased in Am-
erican editions, while English authors are
frequently obtainable in better editions for
the money through importation.
We do not recommend pirated edi-
tions, but every librarian should become
acquainted with the lower priced fiction
brought out by the original publishers, such
as the 50 cent series of Doran, Lane, and
Moffat, and the excellent Macmillan 50
cent net reprints, all of which sell at a
liberal discount. The success of the Gros-
set & Dunlap copyright fiction has led many
leading publishers to discontinue their re-
print series and to market these editions
through Grosset. Copies in publishers'
covers, and the sheet stock of the regular
edition, are frequently turned over to the
lower price publishers, so that the regular
edition is obtainable at the lower price un-
til such time as the supply is exhausted and
the book is reprinted. This is usually done
from a set of plates which are sold by the
original publishers and are identical with
those of the regular edition. The Burt
copyright fiction titles are worth while con-
sidering individually. The Crowell Astor
fiction has a fair type on many titles, and
is published at 60 cents selling at a large
discount.
Every librarian should be familiar with
the Cambridge Classics of Houghton, pub-
lished at 90 cents net, which are of the
same good workmanship as the $1.50 net
edition. As an example, Stowe's "Uncle
Tom's cabin" can be purchased for consider-
ably less than a dollar in the Cambridge
Classics, but costs more than a dollar in
the regular edition. Emerson's essays, com-
plete in one volume, can be bought in this
series, instead of the regular edition of 2
volumes, first and second series, published at
$1.75 net each. The Houghton Autograph
Poets series, published at 90 cents net, can
often be used to advantage for circulation
instead of the $2.00 net and $3.00 net Cam*
bridge editions which are desirable for re-
ference collections. Many titles of the Ox-
ford edition of the standard poets are ex-
cellent at 35. 6d. or 2s. regular.
Contrary to general impression, it has
been found by actual record that the lower
price editions will give fair service both
before and after they are rebound. In the
manufacture of low price books, the machine
sewing is the same as that used on the
regular editions, and the paper is often of
fair quality. Both the Grosset and the Burt
books are frequently manufactured at the
plant of the original publisher, where they
are printed from the same plates as the
regular editions. Generally speaking, the
paper is somewhat inferior, the cloth used
on the cover is of a cheaper grade, and
gold is omitted from the lettering. Count
has been made of the number of issues
obtained from the low price, and from the
regular editions, before being rebound, and
it has been found that the reprint editions
average 18 issues in comparison with 19 of
the regular edition. After rebinding, the
cheaper edition circulates an average of 48
issues and the more expensive one 52 is-
sues, making a total circulation of 66 for
the low price book, and 71 for the regular
edition. As one can purchase three copies
of the lower price book for about the same
money as one copy of the 'regular edition,
it is evident that far more circulations may
be obtained by use of the lower price book;
but we do not recommend its purchase
when it is of distinctly inferior appear-
ance. It has been said that it is immoral
to circulate a badly soiled book. Perhaps
one copy of an expensive edition, retained
in circulation until it is filthy, does more
damage to a library than would three copies
of a little less artistic edition, if they are
discarded before they become actively im-
moral.
In selecting editions of juvenile books, it
is necessary to consider the uses for which
they are intended. If they are for reading-
room collections, it is usually desirable to
get the best and most attractive editions.
Book covers have an educational value in
inducing children to read good literature.
It is far easier to teach the child respect
and care in the handling of books, if at-
672
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[September, 1914
tractive editions are supplied, than if they
present a cheap appearance.
However, for ordinary circulation it is
worth considering titles in such series as
the Every Child Should Know reprints of
Doubleday published at 50 cents ; the Amer-
ican Fights and Fighters series, Doubleday,
75 cents; the 50 cents Macmillan juvenile
reprints ; and the Every Boy's Library ( Boy
Scout edition) of Grosset & Dunlap. The
Riverside Literature series of Houghton is
desirable for text book or school use. Many
English series, as the Black 6s. juveniles,
are now published at 35. 6d. regular. The
Jack, 6s. net, published here by Lippincott
at $2.50, are now issued at 35. 6d. net,
as, Scott's "Ivanhoe," "Kenilworth," and
"Talisman," and many excellently illustrated
juveniles are published by Dent at 5s. net,
and are handled here by Dutton at $2.50.
There are many English editions of books
by English authors, which are first pub-
lished at 6s. regular, and are then brought
out in 2s. net, or 35. 6d. regular editions
from the same plates. This effects a great
saving over the corresponding regular
edition published here. Fiction pub-
lished below two shillings regular is
seldom desirable for library purposes.
Very reasonable rates on the shilling
on these English books bound in permanent
binding from the sheets may be obtained
from Cedric Chivers, Bath, England, and
libraries may import them free of duty.
Illustrations of the 35. 6d. regular edi-
tions published abroad as compared with the
$1.50 regular or net editions here, are
Crawford's novels: Macmillan, 35. 6d.
abroad and $1.50 net here; Thomas Hardy:
Macmillan, 33. 6d. abroad, and Harper,
$1.50 here; W. W. Jacobs: Methuen, 35. 6d.
abroad, and Scribner, $1.50 here; A. C.
Doyle: Smith, Elder, Longmans, and Cas-
sell at 35. 6d. abroad, instead of various
American publishers at higher rates.
Examples of 2s. net books in place of
$1.50 here are Maurice Hewlett's works:
Macmillan, 2s. net abroad, and other pub-
lishers here at $1.50. Methuen, Hodder &
Stoughton, Ward Lock, and other English
publishers issue 2s. net popular fiction. The
Macmillan Standard Novels are a good
series with excellent illustrations at 2S. 6d.
regular abroad, and $1.00 net here.
It is far more economical to import the
English items from such houses at Putnam,
or Baker & Taylor, or from Chivers if in
strong binding, at a fixed rate per shilling
with no extra charges, than it is to import
direct from England, which involves extra
charges for boxing, freight, brokerage fees,
and cartage.
American publishers who represent Eng-
lish houses bring out many important Eng-
lish titles without copyrighting them in
America. Such books when published net
are not subject to the 10 per cent, discount
during the first year of publication, but
such discount as is given on net books after
the year of protection may be immediately
secured. In some instances the American
published price less this discount is cheaper
to a library, and in other cases the Eng-
lish published price in shillings billed at the
rate at which the library secures the
shilling will prove the cheaper method
of purchase. If the library purchase is
large, arrangements may be made with
the dealer or with the publisher to protect
the library in the matter of price, and
to bill each item at the American or the
English price, according to which will be
least expensive to the library. In this
connection it should be noted that it is
not necessary to wait five or six weeks
for importation of the books of many pub-
lishers, as Scribner handles many titles of
Murray, Batsford, Unwin, Jack and Chatto.
Macmillan handles Macmillan London,
Bell, Black, and some of Methuen, and
Whitaker. Longmans has Longmans London,
Arnold, and a few of Allen, and Murray.
Putnam has Cambridge Univ. Press; and
Dutton carries Routledge, Dent, and a se-
lection from Murray, Constable, and Nister,
In the purchase of foreign books do not
allow them to be billed at arbitrary Amer-
ican prices less the apparently "fiberal dis-
count. Insist that the original published
price of each book be shown in the money
of the country in which it is published ; and
have the agreed rate specified on the bill,
as so much for each mark, franc, lire,
peseta, crown, etc.
Where a public library is least wanted it
is generally most needed. — H. G. WELLS, in
"An Englishman looks at the world."
THE READING ROOM, WITH A GLIMPSE OF THE SHELF ARRANGEMENT
CORNER VIEW OF THE NORTHEAST HIGH SCHOOL BUILDING IN KANSAS CITY, MO., SHOWING
ENTRANCE TO THE NORTHEAST BRANCH LIBRARY
September, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
673
HIGH SCHOOL BRANCHES IN
KANSAS CITY*
IF there has been a failure in the proper
development of the branch library in con-
nection with the high school, as is often
charged, it has been brought about by a mis-
understanding on the part of the librarian
of the actual needs of the teacher, lack of
sympathy on the part of the teacher for
the work the library is trying to do, or, per-
haps, failure on the part of one or the other
to co-operate in the work. This is placing
the blame where it belongs — on the individ-
ual, rather than on the idea.
This does not mean that serious efforts
have not been, or are not being, made by
both teacher and librarian to solve the per-
plexing question of how best to reach the
desired end. So long as there is an earnest
attempt on the part of any considerable
number of teachers and library workers
who are interested in bettering the condi-
tion, there is no reason for discouragement.
School work of all kinds is undergoing a
radical change at this time, and this should
encourage librarians to take advantage of
every opportunity offered to establish the
library on a proper footing.
The public library is one of the youngest
of the great educational aids, but it is de-
veloping rapidly, and in no direction is it
accomplishing more than in the establish-
ing of branch libraries. Some of these are
in close proximity to high and grade
schools; some are conducted by separate
boards under joint agreement as to support
and maintenance, while here one may be
supported by the library for school use, and
there an effort may be made to serve both
school and public in a limited way.
All of which shows that the use of the
book is making its way. Strange as it may
seem, however, its progress is all too slow.
How many will recognize the following as
applying to-day as well as when written in
the School Review for February, 1906:
"There is no problem relating to the equip-
ment of the high school which is more
pressing than that of the library. School
authorities have agitated the question of
better buildings, better heating and ventila-
*Paper read before the Library Department of the
National Educational Association at St. Paul, July 10,
1914.
tion until conditions in larger communities
are generally very good. To those of us
who went to school in the old barracks, the
modern structures seem almost palatial.
Laboratories for physics, chemistry, botany,
and zoology are being rapidly supplied. In
many schools in the cities they are far bet-
ter than those in the colleges of a score of
years ago, or even better than those in all
but a few select colleges now.
"But the library problem has scarcely
been touched. Few books, few current
periodicals, absolutely no bound files of the
periodicals, and few of the accessories of
a good library, is the library story in prac-
tically all schools in small towns and in
most larger ones. I have visited a great
many schools in various states, and the
superintendents, in piloting me about, usu-
ally take me to the laboratories, the cabi-
nets of fossils, the pickled frogs, the man-
ual training and writing and drawing ex-
hibits. I am glad to see them and have
examined some splendid equipment and re-
sults of work. But seldom am I taken to
a real library. Often, when I inquire, I am
conducted to a close, stuffy room, almost
windowless, the books piled in confusion,
at which I am not surprised, for frequently
most of them are musty, abandoned, dog-
eared, out-of-date text-books. Intention-
ally planned and adequately equipped rooms
are as scarce as suitable laboratories were
a quarter of a century ago."
There is an improvement over this occa-
sionally, for here and there over the coun-
try school and library authorities are striv-
ing to better conditions. The work in
Cleveland, Philadelphia, St. Louis, Newark,
Brooklyn, Utica, and some other cities,
show a decided advance over the situation
indicated by the editorial from the Review.
One of the greatest difficulties to over-
come has been that of different manage-
ment— the schools under one body and the
library under another. This is not always
a source of trouble, but frequently is a
cause for disagreement, if not real dissen-
sion.
At the risk of being accused of talking
on personal matters, I shall attempt to out-
line in as short a time as possible the plan
just put into operation in Kansas City. In
Kansas City the public library is supported
674
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[September, 1914
by and under the control of the Board of
Education. For the purpose of the experi-
ment, this makes for ideal conditions. In
planning the high school buildings, in addi-
tion to the study halls and school reference
library, provisions were made for distinct
branch libraries. The Northeast branch li-
brary quarters have just been completed at
a cost, based on the cubic contents of space
occupied with equipment, of approximately
$15,500. They have an actual shelf capacity
of 16,000 volumes, fully supplied with mod-
ern library equipment, susceptible of en-
largement. The library is situated in the
corner of the building, with a main outside
entrance, distinct from the school entrance,
but with a door leading to a main hall of
the school proper. For all intents and pur-
poses, it is a complete branch library, while
at the same time it will answer every pur-
pose of the special school library. It was
planned and will be operated to meet the
requirements voiced by Miss Mary E. Hall,
librarian of the Girl's High School, Brook-
lyn, in the report of the committee on high
school libraries, made to this section two
years ago, which I cannot refrain from
quoting in part:
"Aside from a very general use of the
public library for debating material and
other reference work, reports show that
high schools are far behind elementary
schools in the matter of co-operation with
the public library. High school principals
and teachers are not yet as a body making
the use of the public library privileges
which ought to be made. Many rarely visit
the public library or know its resources.
Reports indicate that at most not more than
75 per cent, of our high-school students
have cards in the public library — 50 per
cent, is the estimate given by some libra-
rians. The most important work school
librarians have to do is to reach the 25 per
cent, or more who do not use a library
and help them to realize what a means of
self-education and enjoyment the public
library may be. The highest point yet
reached in this movement for co-operation
between high school and public library is
in the establishment of branch libraries in
high-school buildings. . . . Next to the in-
troduction of the trained librarian (and
largely as a result of that), the most im-
portant feature of the modern high-school
library is the definite and systematic in-
struction of students in the use of a library.
This means the saving of much time for-
merly wasted in using reference books, be-
cause of ignorance of how to get at in-
formation quickly and intelligently. The
lectures given by librarians and teachers
include what every educated person ought
to know — use of various kinds of indexes
to books and periodicals, special points in
the use of encyclopedias, dictionaries, at-
lases, card catalogs, etc."
This branch was opened Aug. 8, without
functions of any kind. The daily issue for
the week averages 150 books. Formal
openings will not occur until after the mid-
dle of September.
The building is to be used as a neigh-
borhood center, and the swimming pool is
now open daily, with special hours for wo-
men, children and men. This attracts many
persons to the building. Bulletins in the
natatorium and in neighborhood stores, with
newspaper notices, comprise all the adver-
tising done. An effective bulletin in the
natatorium reads:
AFTER THE SWIM
You are invited to visit the
NORTHEAST BRANCH LIBRARY
Entrance at n.w. corner of
this building.
Books, Magazines and Newspapers.
The use of the library as a working ad-
junct of the high school has not of course
been tried, but a hearty spirit of co-opera-
tion on the part of the principals, teachers
and students promises well. It is proposed
during schooltime to use the reading-room
for student use from 8:30 a. m. to 12:30
p. m. in periods of 45 minutes, by classes of
50 pupils each, classes or pupils being as-
signed by the heads of the school depart-
ments. Thus 250 pupils will use the library
daily, doing the work required, as well as
acquiring a knowledge of how to use a libra-
ry. And as to the importance of this, let me
quote the reflections of that eminent
teacher-librarian, the late Dr. Canfield:
"Instruction in the most efficient use of
a library should form as important a part
of the curriculum as instruction in lan-
guage or in history. It will exert more in-
September, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
675
fluence on the pupils' career than any two
subjects in the course of study. The li-
brary, rather than the school, makes pos-
sible and probable a continuation of intel-
lectual activity and progress after school
life is finished." (N. E. A. Proc., 1906.)
This specific school service will in no
way interfere with the use of the library
by the general public. Special tables will
be reserved for the usual library patrons,
but little use will be made of these. An
investigation of branch use in a number of
cities shows that small demand is made for
books by the general public in the morning
hours.
Within easy walking distance of this
building are located three large grade
schools, and it is the intention to give regu-
lar library service to the pupils.
In every other respect this branch will
render the same service to adult patrons as
does the general library, specializing in the
actual needs of the community.
Aside from rendering the cultural service
required in the high-school work, with
trained library workers in charge, it is
the fervent hope and belief that still an-
other good will come from the close co-
operation— that of increasing the numbei
of pupils attending the high school after
graduating from the grades, through fa-
miliarity with it from a frequent use of the
library.
No fear is felt of lack of patronage of
the branch library by adults, as is often the
case where libraries are located in school
buildings, for the reason that the audito-
rium of the building is also being used as a
social center. As a broad result, the build-
ing is likely to become one of the most-used
institutions in the city. No fear is felt on
the part of those connected with the library
but that results on broad lines will prove
all that could be wished.
On the score of economy and efficiency,
much is hoped for the new branch. The
pupils in the high school have at their ser-
vice a much larger collection of books than
would otherwise be possible. Many titles
are available that would hardly be found on
the shelves of a high-school library, be-
cause of their limited use — books which a
general community use will demand. Any
high-school teacher or librarian can tell of
many titles which are seriously needed in
some studies for a week or two, the recom-
mendation for purchase of which is with-
held from the school authorities for fear of
the charge of extravagance. Naturally,
many books of this sort will be found on
the shelves of the progressive branch.
Another value to the high school of this
sort of a branch library, which should not
be lost sight of, is the broad, general inter-
est of the public in its work brought about
by contact with its various activities. In
this instance, it is hoped and believed that
the old saying will be reversed, that "fa-
miliarity will breed" support and enlarged
use.
All this may sound prosaic or an over-
development of the utilitarian side of the
work-a-day world. But it is the most pro-
gressive age the world has ever known.
The cultural side must keep in step, grasp-
ing at every chance offered, or there will
be cause for grief over lost opportunities.
A point which should receive passing con-
sideration is the fact that two or three such
branch library buildings may be erected at
the cost of one separate and distinct aver-
age branch building; that the cost of op-
eration and service shows nearly the same
economy. All of which means more and
better books, more competent service, there-
fore more satisfactory results and more
lasting good.
So surely is the department of education
of this city of this belief, that a second
high-school building now under course of
erection contains just such a branch Hbrary
as is herein briefly described. In addition,
the plan is carried still further, and three
large grade school buildings, to be com-
pleted within the year, provide for similar
branches. One of these, in a district peo-
pled largely by foreigners, a 30-room build-
ing, contains a swimming pool, auditorium,
and roof garden. And, of course, the li-
brary has a good corner, and will have a
share in the development of a new brand
of citizenship.
You will have noticed by this time I have
avoided touching too closely upon the tech-
nical working and details of management
of the high-school library. As someone else
has truly said, "There's a reason" — indeed,
many of them, all patent. These are to be
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[September, 1914
found in the proceedings of this section, a
number of years, in the Proceedings of the
A. L. A., the columns of Public Libraries,
and the LIBRARY JOURNAL. For a most
readable article and a comprehensive bib-
liography of the subject, those interested
are referred to an able paper in the last-
named JOURNAL of April, 1913, by Edward
D. Greenman, of the U. S. Bureau of Edu-
cation Library, Washington.
In conclusion, let it be borne in mind
constantly by both librarians and teachers
that their work is mutual, and only by get-
ting this viewpoint of each other, under-
standing the end sought by each, can satis-
factory results be obtained.
PURD B. WRIGHT.
HOW THE LIBRARY OF THE BU-
REAU OF EDUCATION MAY
SERVE THE SCHOOLS*
THE policy of the Bureau of Education
favors the widest possible facilities for the
use of the collections in its large pedagog-
ical library, which wishes to make itself,
so far as practicable, a central reference
and circulating library in the field of edu-
cation for the whole United States.
The library offers to teachers, school offi-
cials, and students of education throughout
the United States the use of its material
under three plans — the inter-library loan
system, the package library, and personal
loans. Books are forwarded from Wash-
ington by mail under frank and may be re-
turned in the same manner, the Bureau thus
meeting the expense of transportation in
both directions. Volumes may be retained
for four weeks, if desired. Under the in-
ter-library loan system, the Bureau of Edu-
cation serves all classes of libraries using
educational literature — university and col-
lege, normal school, pedagogical, and public
libraries — and desires to extend its useful-
ness in this connection. The library of the
Bureau has two main classes of literature
to offer, the first being that adapted for
research in educational subjects, namely,
official documents, college and school publi-
cations, periodicals, pamphlets, and the like,
in which it is doubtless the strongest col-
* Paper read at the A. L. A. Conference in Wash-
ington, May 29, 1914.
lection in the country. Selections of source
material may be sent to any part of the
United States for the use of the educational
investigator in normal school, college, or
elsewhere. When the applicant is properly
introduced to the Bureau, this material may
also be sent as a personal loan. The second
class of literature possessed by the library
comprises those standard educational works
and manuals which are regularly found in
every complete reference collection for
teachers. The Bureau has an extensive
assortment of this material, to which the
best current publications are constantly
added soon after their appearance.
These books it is ready to loan to teachers
who lack ready access to local collections
containing them. The Bureau expects, how-
ever, this standard professional literature
to be secured from a home library, if there
available, for the office aims merely to sup-
plement and co-operate with agencies al-
ready in the field, not to compete with them.
The Bureau sends, on request, package
libraries to superintendents of schools for
the use of their teachers. These package
libraries contain from two to twenty-five
or more volumes, and consist of books des-
ignated by the borrower or selected by the
library staff to represent some one or more
topics. During the past year there has
been a large and steady demand for these
small collections, and they have been sent
to nearly every state in the Union, for use
chiefly in the smaller cities and towns and
in the open country.
Every possible facility and working ac-
commodations are also afforded to visitors
who may desire to use the collections in the
library itself at Washington, D. C.
The Bureau has little material to offer for
the use of high school students. It can help
them with loans only when some subject like
compulsory education or student self-gov-
ernment is up for debate or as an essay
topic, for the Bureau possesses no collec-
tion of young people's literature or of
books for collateral reading from which to
make loans.
The library makes a specialty of supply-
ing bibliographical information on educa-
tional subjects to inquirers of every sort all
over the country. In this way it answers
many letters from both libraries and indi-
September, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
677
viduals. It maintains a card index to edu-
cational articles in current periodicals and
reports, and in this way keeps in constant
touch with the newest literature. It has on
file typewritten reference lists on nearly a
thousand subjects, and has others in printed
leaflet and multigraph fcrm, and these re-
sources are used in answering the numerous
inquiries which are constantly arriving.
New reference lists are compiled as occa-
sion demands, and the older lists are re-
vised and kept up to date. The library divi-
sion of the Bureau of Education also com-
piles special bibliographies and the annual
Bibliography of Education for issue as bul-
letins; likewise the Monthly Record of Cur-
rent Educational Publications, which is a
classified survey of current educational lit-
erature. While the Bureau library cannot
supply the books for a school library, it can
assist the school librarian in her choice of
them by the provision of book lists and by
indicating where additional aids of the
same sort may be secured. Aid may also
be afforded librarians in the way of profes-
sional advice as to methods of organization,
classifying, cataloging, etc. The library also
will give information regarding government
publications suitable for use in schools.
The Library of the Bureau of Education
co-operates with the Library of Congress in
the production of printed catalog cards for
educational books. These cards are of ser-
vice in many educational libraries, and in
order to facilitate their use, the Bureau will
gladly give information regarding its cata-
loging methods, choice of subject headings,
«tc.
The Bureau of Education has a large col-
lection of text-books, both American and
foreign, which it expects to organize and
make of service to teachers, librarians, and
others interested. This collection includes
both the newer and earlier literature, and
should be of service in illustrating historic
development as well as results of present
progress.
The school library exhibit, prepared un-
der the auspices of the Bureau of Educa-
tion for the A. L. A. conference, indicates
another way in which the office may serve
the interests of the school libraries of the
country. It is planned that this exhibit
shall be made permanent and displayed at
various educational meetings throughout
the country. Another possible service
which might be rendered would be the col-
lection and preparation of a model school
library, but no definite steps toward the ac-
complishment of this plan have yet been
undertaken.
JOHN D. WOLCOTT,
Librarian, Bureau of Education.
THE MOVEMENT FOR BETTER
RURAL SCHOOL LIBRARIES
THE interest in better libraries for the
country school is a part of the library idea
that every man, woman and child in the
state who wishes to read a book should find
one provided for him, and that the child
should be so trained that he will wish to read.
It is also a part of the new educational
doctrine that it is right, necessary and en-
tirely feasible to have in the country a
school equal in every respect to the town
school. This involves a modern building,
with carefully chosen equipment and a
teacher well trained professionally for
country school service. To fit into such
a scheme the country school library must
have new consideration, it must become an
equipment, selected and arranged with care
and used efficiently.
The problem is almost universal, as every
state has now some school library system
in operation or in prospect, and many have
large collections scattered through the
schools. The large majority of the states
give some state aid in the purchase of
books (see LIBRARY JOURNAL, v. 37, p. 310),
thus giving substantial recognition of the
library as an essential part of the school.
Such appropriations are accompanied by
requirements in the way of equal expendi-
ture on the part of the school district and
some provision for the care of the books.
In Minnesota, the rules governing the con-
solidated school building stipulate that a
library room must be provided.
With the giving of aid came the need for
guidance in the selection of books, that the
purpose of the grant might be fulfilled.
Lists of books were compiled and schools
required to use them as buying guides. The
older lists were comprehensive in scope,
many of them of such compass as to make
6;8
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[September, 1914
the selection of a $10 addition to the library
a formidable task. The titles included were
mainly suited to older boys and girls, if not
for grown people, and there was small pro-
vision for reading for little children.
As a necessary step toward better school
libraries, the improvement of school library
lists has been undertaken by various state
agencies, state universities, normal schools,
library commissions, and departments of
education. There is now a marked tendency
toward standardization in school library
lists, basing the selection of titles on the
same principles of worth in the books and
suitability to children's tastes and interests
as are used in the selection of books for the
best children's collections in public libraries.
The needs, tasks, and activities of the coun-
try school and country living are taken into
consideration, and books are included for all
the children from the lowest grade to the
highest. Lists have also been improved in
arrangement. All now show the grade for
which the book is most useful, some lists are
annotated, some are classified, and all are
indexed.
Results are shown in the improved collec-
tions, in the schools, and many small
libraries whose book funds require careful
purchasing are using state school lists as
guides in buying good books in inexpensive
editions.
Practically all state lists give some in-
struction in the care and management of
school libraries, the classified lists are
planned as guides to arrangement, and one
state list gives instruction in cataloging the
books listed. Brief selected lists, such as
$10 orders, and lists of books for first pur-
chase, reprinted from the larger lists, have
helped in applying the efficiency test to old
collections and in establishing useful new
ones. The League of Library Commissions
authorized a list of "200 books for a rural
school library" for the National Educational
Association meeting in Salt Lake City in
1913, and a briefer list was presented tenta-
tively at the library section of the National
Educational Association in St. Paul, 1914,
by the Rural School Library Committee of
the Library Department. The committee
was continued for final report at Oakland
in 1915.
Cooperation among states in the compila-
tion and publication of lists is an evi-
dence of the value of the standardized list,
and of progress in work. The books that
have been used successfully in one state
have been found to have equal value in
others and by common use of a list
much duplication of time, expense and
effort may be saved.
Providing a good list is only the first step
in bettering the school library. The teach-
ers must be given opportunity to know books
and trained to use them. Exhibits at dis-
trict, state and national educational meet-
ings are being employed as a means of
bringing lists, books, pictures, reference
material in pamphlet forms, and all school
library aids to the teachers' attention. The
splendid library exhibit now loaned by the
national Bureau of Education is a great
stimulus to the movement for better school
libraries of every kind.
Interest thus aroused must be further im-
pressed by instruction. Normal schools
have for years given some work in the use
of books and libraries, but few of the teach-
ers penetrated to the country school. The
normal schools are gradually extending
their library courses, and with the new
sentiment for country school teaching, more
trained teachers go to the country.
A more direct line of influence is through
the teachers' training departments in high
schools, such as are now maintained in
twelve states. Here country girls are
trained to teach in country schools and
whatever acquaintance with books may be
acquired at this time will be put to prac-
tical use. Many of the girls come to these
departments with no knowledge of good
children's books. In Minnesota, eighty-
seven training departments report some
children's books read and country school
library matters discussed as a part of the
regular work in the year 1913-14. This
instruction is sometimes given by the
teacher of the training department, or by
the librarian of the public library. In the
latter case the talks have been given in the
library, and the country teachers gain a
knowledge of local library resources and
have later been a help in promoting county
extension from the central library.
Library instruction is becoming more and
more a feature of the summer training
September, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
679
schools for teachers in the various states,
and library topics are found on programs
of country teachers' meetings. One whole
session of the meeting of the library depart-
ment of the National Educational Associa-
tion meeting in St. Paul in July, 1914, was
devoted to rural school library matters. It
was, moreover, attended! by about three
hundred country school teachers. The re-
sponse from the country teachers and their
interest is one of the greatest indications of
progress.
The social center idea brings an addi-
tional reason and demand for a better school
library. Beside its use for the school it
may serve as a source of information for
the farmers' club, the debating society, and
the country women's club. This develop-
ment is still in the stage of promise rather
than fulfillment, but may be expected soon.
State supervision of school libraries has
not become general as yet, and is carried
on differently in the states. In a state where
state aid to school libraries is begun as a
part of the library work of the state, and
with all library activities centered in the
state library as in Oregon, the ideal of effi-
ciency and economy in administration is
presented.
The movement for better school libraries
is dependent on state encouragement, stan-
dard lists, and teachers trained to know
and use books. Some state direction is de-
sirable to develop these factors into greatest
service.
MARTHA WILSON.
A PLEA FOR THE CATALOGER
IT seems the fashion of late to say derog-
atory or mirth -provoking things of the
catalog and cataloger, and it is but fitting
that some one should say a few words on
the other side, since explanation is all the
defence needed.
The "Librarian" in the Boston Transcript
not only jeers at us for practices which a
few words of inquiry would have told him
were no longer taught in the best librafy
schools, but also shows a surprising lack
of comprehension of the worth of the work.
The head of a library school said in public
recently, and the remark was received with
applause, that she had cut down her course
in cataloging to make place for more im-
portant things. This is in reality killing
the goose which laid the golden eggs, for
how is she to give the information to the
people she wishes us to "go out to" unless
she has a key to the books? Has anyone
ever found a library school graduate too
well qualified for even the simplest catalog-
ing position?
A prominent librarian has recently pub-
lished a much praised paper on "Socialized
bibliography" in which she says : "It [the
library] employs countless tireless women to
erect that curious structure, the catalog.
* * * Socialized bibliography will reduce
orthodox cataloging to a minimum by cen-
tralization and will then equip each library
with a card directory of every man, woman
and institution, club and organization in the
city and its environs interested in a special
subject or subjects. * * * It will be the
business of their colleagues on the inside
to have on file a definitive index of infor-
mation. * * * It will be somebody's business
to keep this index constantly up to date."
Now, who on earth is going to do this work
except the "countless tireless women" above
referred to, and the result of their work
must be some kind of a catalog, in order to
furnish this information. The changing of
the name to "index" does not at all alter the
fact. Even index-makers must have train-
ing to be able to produce satisfactory re-
sults. The definition of a catalog taught
in at least one library school is, "A catalog
is the means of placing the contents of a
library at the disposal of the users in the
simplest and easiest way," and that is the
end toward which all the teaching tends.
In this article I am not speaking of the
cataloging of incunabula or special collec-
tions, but the kind which most of us need
to do and know about. Suppose that you
were appointed to teach cataloging in a
library school, what would be your method
of procedure? If you were teaching peo-
ple who would probably use many Library
of Congress cards, as most public libraries
do now, the form used on those cards would
probably be adopted for the sake of uni-
formity; with the careful explanation that
it was not the only form and quite probably
not the best for all libraries. The A. L. A.
rules for cataloging would probably be
adopted, as setting forth the various kinds
68o
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[September, 1914
of entry as far as they go, and it would be
necessary to supplement them with the Cut-
ter rules for subject entry and a few addi-
tional points. The fact that it is neces-
sary to have some rules for guidance in any
kind of work will be granted, I am sure. The
knowledge that cataloging is not an exact
science but depends largely upon judgment,
and that accuracy and uniformity are es-
sential for any satisfactory result, are care-
fully instilled at every step. The typewriter
has done away with the scrupulous measur-
ing of centimeters, and underscoring in
various colored inks is as extinct as the
dodo. Students now know that every rule
has some reason which it is their business
to understand.
The next question for consideration is:
what may be omitted from a library card
and what must be included, and the expla-
nation must follow that this depends largely
on the library under consideration; that it
is quite as possible to simplify to a point
which defeats the usefulness as to go to the
other extreme and include too much. To
arrive at a mean for purposes of instruc-
tion I could think of no more satisfactory
method than to consult reference libra-
rians and scholars who use our product
more than anyone else. This procedure
gave me some rather curious results, as,
for example, in one library whose head is
well known as an advocate of the utmost
simplicity in cataloging, the reference libra-
rian confessed almost with tears that if a
little more could have been included on
the catalog cards it would have saved hours
of her time in going to the shelves, tele-
phoning or sending to the order depart-
ment.
Having obtained in this way a consensus
of opinion as to what should be included
on the cards and using the form adopted by
the Library of Congress, the next question
arises as to what cards shall be made. The
instruction as to this is, make no unneces-
sary cards, put your information where it
will be looked for, be generous as to cross
references, and keep the users of the cata-
log always in mind. The making of analyt-
icals is carefully taught and their useful-
ness is emphasized. No library can be well
administered without some key to its con-
tents, and if a catalog made on the plan
outlined above is not such a key our judg-
ment is at fault.
The derogatory things said of catalogs
and catalogers are having one very un-
fortunate effect, the heads of libraries and
cataloging departments are coming to us in
despair on all sides telling us that it is im-
possible for them to get any trained people
to do their work. The young library work-
er of to-day in his altruistic zeal feels that
helpfulness can be attained only by direct
contact with the public, quite forgetting
that the result of the labor of a cataloger
makes for real and permanent helpful-
ness.
A few words as to the actual duties of
catalogers may not be out of place here.
It is not to sit forever in a dusty office,
mechanically writing catalog cards for dull
and uninteresting books. It is to deal with
all knowledge and to act as a link connect-
ing the seeker and the thing sought. A
man once said to me after I had responded
to the common request to tell him what I
do, "How inspiring your work is, since all
the interesting things in the world sooner
or later come across your desk." A little
planning on the part of the head of the de-
partment can give sufficient variety so that
the work is not monotonous, and with all
knowledge as our field our daily task is a
constant education.
Nor need anyone feel that cataloging
work is unworthy of his powers or without
its adequate recognition. Dr. Talcott Wil-
liams in his memorial address on Dr. John
S. Billings says : "When his name was
brought up for membership in the National
Academy of Sciences, membership in
which is limited to fifty and is granted only
to those who have made some original
scientific discovery, there was strong oppo-
sition on the ground that although Dr. Bill-
ings was eminent in hospital organization
and planning and had written on a variety
of scientific subjects, he had made no dis-
coveries. His election, however, was based
on his organization and cataloging of the
Surgeon-General's Library, an action that
definitely established notable library work
as ranking with more purely scientific
achievements." Sir William Osier, speak-
ing also of Dr. Billings, says : "There is no
better float through posterity than to be
September, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
68 1
the author of a good bibliography. Years
after the iniquity of oblivion has covered
Dr. Billings' work in the army, as an or-
ganizer in connection with hospitals and
even his relation to the great Library, the
great Index will remain an enduring monu-
ment to his fame."
While many of the heads of cataloging
departments are highly educated, and are
familiar with many languages and litera-
tures, a more modest class of people can
hardly be found. They have no desire to
display their erudition to dazzle and con-
found the world. But one spirit animates
the cataloging profession as far as my
rather extended observation goes, and that
is the desire to make a tool which shall be
usable and helpful to all those who may
consult the results of their labors, and they
should in this effort receive the hearty co-
operation and approval of the library pro-
fession rather than their somewhat scorn-
ful criticism.
AGNES VAN VALKENBURGH.
BOOKS AS A SOURCE OF DISEASE
The following extracts from an article
by William R. Reinick, which originally
appeared in the January number of the
American Journal of Pharmacy, are here
reprinted as being the latest contribution
to a subject of vital interest to all libra-
rians :
"I do not for a moment want anyone
to think that I am endeavoring to prove
that books, as fomites, are so dangerous
that they should be shunned like the
plague, but simply to show that books, es-
pecially when greasy or moist fingers are
placed upon the pages and covers, are ex-
cellent hiding grounds for bacteria, both
pathogenic and iion-pathogenic, and that
the same care should be used as in hand-
ling other objects of like character.
"As far as our exact knowledge of books
and papers as a source of danger is con-
cerned, we, at the present time, have very
little evidence, but what we have proves,
beyond question, that disease may be con-
tracted by this means. On the other hand,
there are many reputable physicians who
claim that transmission by this means is
an impossibility, due to the fact that the
organisms could not exist for any length
of time under such adverse conditions. A
statement of this character is generally
made by one who only has a superficial
knowledge of the subject, especially in its
biological aspect. The apparatus needed
to properly conduct experiments upon bac-
teria is quite expensive, and, generally, the
young physician who has just graduated
has the time and possesses the enthusiasm
to undertake these researches, but not the
capital, and then when he has the means,
he has so many patients that he cannot
spare the time.
"Another trouble is the extreme diffi-
culty which arises when one is prepared
to study this subject. On account of the
great surface covered by the pages of
the books, it means a long and tedious
series of experiments, and even then, on
account of their being invisible to the eye,
one is not sure that he has obtained every
speck of life that may be on the paper.
"The knowledge that we are now ac-
quiring as to the great resistance of these
small forms of life to adverse conditions of
climate and atmosphere, their resistance
to degrees of heat, their wonderful adapt-
ability to rapid changes of environment,
food, and their power to remain dormant
for a period more or less unknown at the
present day, their ability to form a protect-
ive coat, which prevents penetration when
placed in material that would otherwise
destroy them, all these points indicate that
we may be on the wrong track in using
the present means of eradication. And
furthermore, in making our laboratory
tests we are forced to isolate the colonies,
giving conditions foreign to their natural
state of existence, and also difficulty in
separating them into distinct species.
*******
"Very little information of value, to help
in deciding whether or not books act as
carriers, was received from the various
boards of health of the United States. A
circular letter requesting a list of cases,
the source of which was traced to books
and papers, was sent to the boards of
health of each state and forty-one cities.
Answers were received from only ten
states and nineteen cities, about 30 per
cent, of the total number of letters sent.
682
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[September, 1914
"With these replies no cases were given,
although come of the officials stated it to
be their belief that diseases were con-
tracted through contact with books, while
others ridiculed such a possibility. Quite
a number of physicians have sent me his-
tories of cases, which they have observed
during their practice.
"Dr. J. Allen Palmer, of Erie, Kansas,
notes a case of scarlatina developing in a
girl, living in a town where there had been
no cases of the disease for months, nor
had she been exposed to personal contact.
Investigation showed that the patient had
received a letter a few days previous to
the appearance of the rash, from a child
living some sixty miles from her, who was
just recovering from scarlatina. Another
case of transmission was traced by Dr.
Howard W. Lyon, of Chicago. In this
instance a little girl living in Chicago con-
tracted scarlatina from being allowed to
handle a letter just received from a home
in Minneapolis, where one of the family
had the disease.
"Dr. A. Maverick, of San Antonio,
Texas, sent the following case: A boy
convalescent from scarlet fever read a
book from the public library and used as
book-marks strips of skin peeled from his
hands and feet. Unknown to the physi-
cian, the book was returned to the library
by a servant of the household with no
attempt at sterilization or even removing
the pieces of skin. During the next
month, two boys in different families who
borrowed the book from the library,
caught scarlet fever and one died from
the disease.
"Dr. Robert Britton, of Downsville,
New York, writes of two cases in 1902,
one of the patients dying, and as there
were no cases of the disease in the neigh-
borhood, the question arose where had the
children contracted the infection. Ques-
tioning revealed, that on account of the
weather and conditions of the road they
did not attend school on March 27, but
played in a house having a garret, in
which were stored some old school books
which had been taken from an old farm-
house on this farm — in which in 1860 had
occurred six cases of diphtheria, four of
which were fatal in forty-eight hours.
"Dr. P. A Jordan, of San Jose, Cali-
fornia, states the following: A man, a
great reader, continuously used books from
a circulating library located in a neigh-
boring town in which there was an epi-
demic of smallpox, and later developed a
severe form of smallpox.
"Dr. Emericus Karacson, while making
a translation of a Turkish manuscript, in
one of the mosques in Turkey, had his
fingers soiled with some of the mould
which covered the old musty tomes, and
accidentally touched a cut on his face; a
few weeks later his face swelled up, caus-
ing him intense pain. A quick operation
relieved him of this and his face regained
its normal size, and he soon resumed his
work, apparently in perfect health. About
a month later he was taken ill with fever
and treated first for influenza, then for
typhoid fever. His condition growing
worse, a Hungarian physician was sent
for, who diagnosed the case at once as
blood-poisoning, caused no doubt by the
fungi that had entered the patient's system
through the abrasion on the face, and he
died within a few days.
"A list of articles found to be carriers
of the germs of gonorrhea, the one of the
'social evil' diseases most likely to be con-
tracted through contact, would include
every article of domestic and public use,
and even the hands of the unclean and
ignorant may transfer the germs to the
articles. A number of cases have been
traced to books.
"The bacillus of anthrax, which occurs
in cattle, must certainly be found on the
leather bindings, as it is frequently trans-
mitted through abrasions of the hands
in cases of those who have occasion to
handle infected wools and hides.
"Before considering the mode of over-
coming bacteria, consideration should first
be given to their power of resistance to
disinfection, sterilization, etc.
"Bacteria exist in nature in three states :
"(i) As adult or fully-developed and
active microorganisms, with all the char-
acteristics of parasites.
"(2) As spores or reproductive cells en-
dowed with latent life.
September, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
683
"(3) As desiccated germs, whose vital
principle had been suspended but not de-
stroyed; which, when placed in a moist
and suitable environment, possess the
power of resuscitation.
" The air germs/ says Professor Tyn-
dall, 'differ much amon<? themselves in
their tendency to development; there are
some which are young and there are others
which are old, some dry and some wet.
The same water infected by those germs
requires more or less time to develop bac-
terial activity. This explains the differ-
ence in the rapidity with which epidemic
diseases act upon different persons. In
certain cases the period of incubation, if it
can be so called, is long, in others it is
short; the difference is the result of the
different degrees of preparedness of the
contagious matter, and I personally believe
that the health of the person infected has
most to do with the appearance or non-
appearance of a, disease.'
"The number of bacteria that may be
found on much-used books was investi-
gated by Lion. A novel from a public
library varied from 250 bacteria per 100
square centimetres on the middle of a
clean page to 1,250, 1,875, and 3,350 on
the dirty edges. A college atlas showed
from 650 to 1,075 Per I0° square centi-
metres; an anatomy book 2,275 to 3,700.
The bindings were by far the richest in
bacteria, yielding on an average of 7,550
per square centimetre.
"As to the pathogenic bacteria that may
occur on books, the following investiga-
tions are of great interest. Krausz inoc-
ulated seven guinea pigs with dirty pieces
of paper from much-used books and they
all died of peritonitis. The eighteen in-
oculated with pieces from clean books re-
mained healthy. Du Cazal and Catrin
found Staphylococcus pyogenes on an old
book in a hospital. Most striking of all
are Mitelescu's experiments. He took 60
much-used books that had been in a public
•library from six months to two years; he
cut out the dirtiest parts, soaked them in
salt solution, centrifuged the liquid and in-
oculated guinea pigs with the sediment.
Nineteen died of septicemia, and twelve
of streptococcus infection. He repeated
the experiment with thirty-seven books
from three to six years old. Fourteen of
the guinea pigs died of septicemia, and
fifteen contracted tuberculosis. The damp
dirt on the older books was a good me-
dium for tubercle bacilli.
*******
"Dr. Kuflewski states that 'after per-
sonal investigation and examination of
three sets of books taken at random from
the shelves of the Chicago Public Library
I am prepared to state that I found bac-
teria in large numbers in all the samples
and that each book was more or less in-
fected. These bacteria were in large num-
bers and were both pathogenic and non-
pathogenic — the word pathogenic meaning
"disease-producing." '
"In many instances these bacteria do no
harm, not even the pathogenic, because of
the resistance of the tissue — being unim-
paired— or because of the comparatively
small numbers of bacteria which gain ac-
cess to the tissues; but under favorable
circumstances, such as a simple exposure
to cold and especially to bronchitis, which
is so prevalent in Chicago, a little wound
or an abrasion of the surface of the body,
a little scratch of the mucous membrane
or of the skin, which as we all know is
often treated as insignificant and is neg-
lected, may be the means of introduction
into the system of the most infectious dis-
ease germs. It is well known that a fresh
wound absorbs bacteria and their toxins
very rapidly.
*******
"Flies are now known to carry germs.
In some cases as many as six million have
been found on a single specimen. In very
few cases are libraries protected by
screens; the fly just from a patient suf-
fering from a contagious disease, or off
the waste matter in a nearby cesspool, has
easy access to the interior of the library,
where, alighting upon a binding or page
of an open book it proceeds to eject a num-
ber of germs with its excreta, or by rub-
bing its body with its forelegs, shakes
large numbers off, which find ready lodge-
ment, especially if the spot where the rub-
bing takes place is greasy, as is generally
the case where a book has been much
used or circulated for quite a number of
times.
684
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[September, 1914
"People do not seem able to overcome
the vulgar habit of moistening the fingers
in turning over the leaves of the books
and again placing the finger on the lips
each time to remoisten, never considering
that each time he is, perhaps, transferring
germs to fertile soil for propagation, re-
sulting in sickness later on, or in case of
a patient already suffering from disease,
especially tuberculosis, helping to afflict
another victim with the disease. And we
all know that sick persons, especially in
the convalescent stage, spend a great deal
of their time in reading books and maga-
zines.
''Disinfection in killing germs in books,
although recommended, especially by those
who have the disinfectants and the appa-
ratus for sale, may be dismissed as of
very little use, on account of the impossi-
bility of the gases penetrating into the
interior of the volumes, and in no case,
even if the entire surface is reached, will
they remove all of the spores.
"Both steam and hot air sterilization are
of little value for books, because the first
will cause the paper of the books to absorb
the moisture, and thus to swell and deform
the books. In the case of hot air steriliza-
tion, the heat would, by drying up all the
moisture in the books, have the same ef-
fect, besides, in the case of books bound
with leather, causing the leather to stretch
and often break. The paper will also
become dry and brittle, lessening the life
of the volume. At present I do not be-
lieve that there is any method which may
be depended upon to entirely eliminate the
possibility of diseases being contracted
through contact with fomites, such as
books and the hundreds of other articles
in daily use, constantly being transferred
to a sick-room, returned and ready for an-
other victim. I believe that some of the
state boards of health are now begin-
ning to recognize the futility of quarantin-
ing and disinfecting. Instead they are
spending all their energies in improving
sanitary conditions as to the necessity of
cleanliness and the proper care of health.
If a person using books or any other of the
numerous articles named as conveying
germs will use precautions as to the de-
gree of cleanliness of the article they
handle, and will take the proper care of
their health, they need have no fear of
contracting any disease by means of a
book or any other article.
"Suppose that a library did disinfect
their books, what claim can they make that
the book has no germs, after it has been
placed on a shelf next to another book or
been handled by a reader or one of the
assistants. Dr. A. W. Doty, of New York
City, states along the line of using disin-
fectants at intervals: 'I know of nothing
in public sanitation which is more farcical
than the general or periodical disinfection
of books with gaseous disinfectants for
the purpose of preventing infection. These
agents have no penetration of any ac-
count, and I have little faith in them for
this purpose. I believe that the careful
dusting of the books and an abundance
of fresh air and proper ventilation in a
library is all that need be done under
ordinary conditions.'
"A visit to almost any library will gen-
erally show, by placing the hands in back
of the books upon the shelves, that there
is a great deal of dust lying there. Very
few libraries, even those recently erected,
have had the vacuum system, which seems
to be almost perfected, installed. Instead
of making the reader wash his or her
hands before using a book, it is very diffi-
cult for one to obtain access to the lava-
tory to wash his hands even if he so
desires. In fact, there are some libraries
which have no lavatories at all for the
public.
"Not disinfectant plants, but sunlight,
fresh air, the elimination of dust, and the
proper cleanliness on the part of the em-
ployees and readers, is the way, not only
to prevent books from becoming fomites,
but also the people from becoming carriers
in this age of prevention."
THE ROYAL UNIVERSITY AT
CHRISTIANIA.
In the March number of the Zentral-
blatt fur Bibliothekswesen, W. Munthe
furnishes a detailed description of the new
building, recently completed, for the hous-
ing of the Royal University Library at
Christiania.
September, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
685
This library, estimated to comprise half
a million volumes, had long outgrown its
old quarters. Further makeshifts and
economies in space had finally become im-
possible, and about six years ago the erec-
tion of a new building was authorized by
the Storthing.
The new building is located about ten
minutes' walk west of the University. The
administrative portion, with its faqade of
red granite, is situated on a terrace over-
looking the city's main avenue. To the
rear the ground slopes sharply, and upon
this, at right angles to the front portion,
is built a ten-story wing in which the
shelving is located.
UNIVERSITY OF CHRISTIANIA LIBRARY
The administrative section forms a rec-
tangle, the interior of which consists of
three connected halls. Beneath these halls
are three almost dark floors used for the
storage of newspapers. This arrangement
makes the reading rooms brighter and per-
mits of keeping the newspapers away from
the injurious action of direct sunlight, so
destructive to their pages.
Broad steps lead up the terrace to the
main entrance. The ceiling of the lower
vestibule is decorated with frescoes by E.
Wigeland. To the right of the vestibule is
the entrance to the folklore collection, to
the left that to the musical collection. In
addition to the newspaper vaults, the
ground floor contains the porter's living
quarters, packing rooms, bookbindery and
a small printing plant, all connecting with
the rear stairway intended for the use of
the staff. Above the ground floor is a low
mezzanine floor.
The main stairway leads past the mezza-
nine directly to the main floor, where are
found the large reading rooms and most
of the administrative offices.
686
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[September, 1914
Doorways lead from a bright and
roomy antechamber to the reading rooms,
to the loan desk, the cataloging and ex-
hibition rooms, all of which have overhead
lighting and walls of bright color.
Right and left from the main reading
room (22 and 22a on the plan) are a pe-
riodical room (23) and a newspaper room
(24). Below the periodical room and on
the mezzanine is a room for the storage
of such publications. A corner room (25)
is reserved for the professors of the Uni-
versity. The two reading rooms combined
have a seating capacity of 122, 71 being in
the larger room.
The cabinet library, 12,000 volumes, is
arranged on one level. The periodical
room has racks for almost 1000 current
periodicals.
The large office for the officials (28) oc-
cupies the middle of the entire system of
rooms. The "boxes," separated by glass
walls, are located conveniently near to the
loan desk, so that the officials may be called
upon for assistance in case of pressure of
work at the desk. The other administra-
tive offices (30-35) open off the third large
hall (26), which contains a new alpha-
betic card catalog, the systematic catalogs
and the biographical supplements. It also
contains cases for exhibitions and shelves
for the classical Norwegian literature, the
Eddas, Holberg, Ibsen, Bjornson, etc.
The eight shelf floors in the wing each
have an area of 26 x 12.30 meters. The
present capacity is about one and one-half
million octavo volumes. All the rooms
are steam-heated, are well lighted by elec-
tricity, and are kept clean by a vacuum
system driven by a six-horsepower motor.
The other technical and sanitary installa-
tions are as perfect as possible.
Care has been taken to allow the great-
est possibility of extension of capacity.
The wing already built is only one portion
of an H-shaped structure that will be con-
nected at the front by the administrative
section. When this is completed, the li-
brary's capacity will be about 4,000,000
volumes.
THE POSTAL LIBRARY IN CANADA
Joseph P. Tracy, president of Canada's
Postal Library League, has prepared the
following statement of the purpose of the
league and the possibilities of the postal
library :
"There is a post office in every com-
munity in Canada. The most remote lum-
berjacks, fishermen, hunters, miners, home-
steaders, ranchers, and frontiersmen in the
country have a convenient office supplied
by the government where mail, money, and
parcels can be received and forwarded.
There are about 16,000 post offices in
Canada. Notwithstanding the many ser-
vices performed and the immense spread
of sparsely settled country covered, and
the nominal fees charged, the postal ser-
vice of Canada is conducted at a profit.
Last year the postal department earned a
surplus of $1,310,000 over expenses.
"It is now proposed to provide an ade-
quate library service for the people of
Canada through the post office department.
It is conceived that by an adequate library
service the circulation of books among the
people should be as easy and inexpensive
as to receive or send ordinary mail.
"A library in every post office is the plan.
"The following table shows the compara-
tive number of libraries and post offices in
each province at the present time:
Public Post
Province Libraries Offices
Alberta 2 1010
British Columbia 4 720
Manitoba No report 720
New Brunswick i 1560
Nova Scotia 4 1540
Ontario 357 5280
Prince Edward Island i 480
Saskatchewan 8 1340
Quebec No report 3120
Yukon i 30
"There are three requirements in pro-
jecting a library: Books, Housing, and
Service. Let us therefore consider these
requirements in order as relative to the
postal library.
"Books. Let us assume one volume per
capita will be an adequate supply of books,
that is as many books as there are men,
women and children in the whole of the
country. Again let us assume $1.00 per
volume as the average cost for a desirable
collection of books. The population of
Canada may be estimated at ten millions.
On these bases of supply, cost, and quan-
tity, $10,000,000 is a sufficient amount
to purchase all the books required for the
September, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
687
postal library for Canada. In purchasing
so large a number of books the cost may
prove to be much less than this amount.
What a wonderful library this would be !
It would include all reputable books for
which there is a demand. It would include
sufficient duplicates. It could include the
literature of all languages spoken in
Canada. It could in time standardize the
size and binding of library books. The
postal library of Canada would be the first
complete library in the world.
"Housing. It is proposed to house the
postal library in the post offices. Adhering
to the per capita basis the supply of books
will be distributed proportionately to all
the post offices in the country. Each post
office will receive as many books as there
are people in the locality with a minimum
of say 250 books for the smaller offices. It
is estimated that most of the post offices
can at once receive such a supply of books
without requiring, much if any additional
room. When the system is once established
the future leases and plans for post offices
will of course be drawn with reference to
the postal library, just as now for the other
postal services. It is estimated an aver-
age of 5oc. per volume will equip the post
offices to receive and operate the library.
The whole amount required for equipment
would then be $5,000,000. This is a com-
paratively small sum for the government of
Canada to appropriate. One battleship
would cost as much. By means of a bond
issue at 4 per cent, annual interest, and
allowing for amortization in twenty years,
the annual cost of providing the library
would be much less than the annual profits
of the post office department at the present
time.
"Service. The splendid postal service of
Canada will administer the postal library.
It will house the books and will deliver and
collect the books just as mail and parcels
are handled. The postmaster — generally
the best-known man and the most capable
executive in the community — will be at the
head of the library. The nation-wide trans-
portation system of the post office which
covers all railways, steamships and stages
in the country will facilitate the working
of the library. The whole system will be
related. In this way, when a book is called
for at a small office and it is not con-
tained in the library at that point, the post-
master would requisition for the book on
the nearest post office whose library has it
cataloged. By such means all the literature
of the world is made accessible to anyone
anywhere. The staff of trained clerks,
carriers, collectors, and inspectors of the
department will conduct the library. When
coupled with the mail, the money order,
the savings bank, the annuities, and the
parcel post departments, the postal library
service will be most efficient and astonish-
ingly inexpensive. What a convenience it
will be when we can obtain any book any-
where, and can receive the same and return
it just as we do letters and newspapers!
It will not be necessary to go to the library.
We will order the books by mail, paying the
fee in postage. The service will extend
with all its privileges to everyone, however
remote.
''To provide such a library with such
convenient service is a new idea. It has
not yet been tried out. We can therefore
only estimate the expense. It is believed a
fee of two cents taxed on each loan of a
book would be sufficient to support the pos-
tal library. At such a nominal charge and
with such a supply of books and with such
convenient service the postal library would
surely commend itself to all. The privi-
leges, pleasures and benefits from reading
will become general.
"In the postal library lantern slides,
music records, and other devices may be
featured in addition to books.
"When the postal library is established
the civil service will include a staff of ex-
pert librarians. The library service may
then include a bureau of research and in-
formation covering practically all subjects.
For reasonable charges anyone anywhere
may be supplied with reliable and ready
help in the study of any problem. The
postal library may thus become the most
notable and useful reference library and
fountain of knowledge the world has ever
known."
A pamphlet entitled "Questions and an-
swers" is also being distributed by the
league. Some points which the above does
not cover are touched upon therein, as, for
example, the following:
688
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[September, 1914
"Would the postal library include public
reading rooms such as are now attached to
public libraries in some Canadian cities?
"Public reading rooms are not now in
large demand and are expensive to main-
tain. Best results are had by reading at
home or in private. The postal library
scheme does not include public reading
rooms. Instead the delivery and collection
of books through the mail extends the
library to every home, school, office, and
individual. 'Going to the library' will
hereafter be out of date, as the postal
library will come to you.
"In what manner will books be secured
from the postal library?
"The method should be very simple.
When a book is desired a postal card form
prepared for that purpose would be filled
up stamped to the amount of the required
fee and dropped in the mail just the same
as any other mail matter. In due time the
book would be delivered in the same man-
ner as other mail. The return of a book
would be as simply done. A person might
draw any number of books desired pro-
vided of course his guarantee was suffi-
cient.
"What will become of such public libra-
ries as now exist when the postal library
is established?
"The books of such libraries could be
absorbed into the postal library at their ac-
tual value. The real estate can be con-
verted to other uses without loss. As the
postal library will supply all needs and will
support itself, grants by cities, provinces,
etc., to maintain such public libraries will
no longer be necessary. Existing libraries
desiring to continue on the old lines could
of course do so."
AN AMERICAN FREE PUBLIC
LIBRARY IN PEKING
In his report to the trustees of the Car-
negie Endowment for International Peace,
based on observations made in China and
Japan during his visit there in 1912, Mr.
Charles W. Eliot made certain recommen-
dations concerning the establishment of a
public library along American lines in the
city of Peking. Mr. Eliot's proposal is so
interesting that we reprint it in full.
"Not long after I arrived in Tientsin I
had an interview with four gentlemen,
three Chinese and one American, who were
concerned with educational institutions
there established, and had been encour-
aged by an imperfect report of a speech I
made at Shanghai to offer me some sug-
gestions as to useful work which the Car-
negie Endowment for International Peace
might undertake in China. From this in-
terview and some subsequent conversa-
tions there resulted a memorial to the
Trustees of the Carnegie Endowment for
International Peace, proposing that the
Endowment establish at Peking a free pub-
lic library on the American plan, to be built
and carried on under the direction of the
Endowment, but with the ultimate inten-
tion of transferring it in due time to the
Chinese Government or to a board of trus-
tees resident in China. It was proposed
that this Library should maintain at Peking
a free reading room open day and even-
ing, and a good collection of books on such
subjects as agriculture, mining, the funda-
mental trades, economics, geography, com-
merce, sanitation, public works, the applied
sciences, government, public administra-
tion, international law, and the judicial
settlement of disputes between nations. It
should also permit any book which has
been in the library one year and does not
belong to the reference collection to be
borrowed for home use during a period not
exceeding twenty days, provided the bor-
rower, if living outside of Peking, pay the
postage. It should also through a special
officer select, translate, edit, and circulate
leaflets and booklets containing useful in-
formation on any or all of the subjects
above mentioned, the distribution being
made gratuitously, first, to Chinese news-
papers and periodicals, secondly, to edu-
cational institutions, thirdly, to appropriate
government officials, and fourthly, to pri-
vate persons on request.
"The memorial urged that this free li-
brary be placed in Peking, where many
office-holders and candidates for office will
always be living, where several important
educational institutions already exist, and
more are likely to be created, and where
the Legations and the headquarters of
press correspondents are established. This
September, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
689
memorial was signed by many influential
men, including three members of the Cab-
inet, a large group of Chinese graduates of
American institutions, and Chinese gentle-
men connected with the press and with
the bureaus of the present government.
"The argument in favor of such action
on the part of the Carnegie Endowment
for International Peace is strong. Here is
a method of maintaining intercourse be-
tween the Western nations and the Chinese
nation, by bringing to the knowledge of
the educated Chinese the Western books,
journals, and magazines relating to those
subjects which the educated Chinese need
to appropriate year after year and use for
the benefit of their country. The influence
of such a library would not be momentary,
but enduring. It would take first effect on
Chinese young men who had been educated
abroad and had acquired some European
language; but it would also provide a pow-
erful means of influence on Chinese who
had never studied out of China, and who
knew no language but Chinese. It would
provide an effectual means of intercourse
between the East and the West; and it
would enable the young men who had got
to work in China after receiving a West-
ern education to keep themselves well in-
formed in the Western professional sub-
jects through which they were earning
their livelihood in China. It has often
been observed that Chinese students re-
turning from the Occident with a good
knowledge of their respective subjects find
it very difficult to keep themselves in-
formed as to the advances later made
among Western nations in the scientific,
economic and governmental subjects. Such
a library would have to be conducted for
a generation by American librarians, to
be appointed and paid by the Carnegie
Endowment.
"It may be confidently assumed that the
Chinese government would give an ade-
quate lot of land as the site of the pro-
posed building; for there are large areas
of land in Peking which were formerly re-
served for the Imperial family and clan,
and will now revert to the government.
The lot should be large enough to give
plenty of light and air, and space for addi-
tions to the building.
"The building need not be large at pres-
ent, but should be of brick and steel con-
struction throughout, and. should represent
in all respects the best type of American
fireproof library construction. A stack
capacity of from two hundred thousand to
three hundred thousand volumes would be
ample, and a reading room for a hundred
persons would be sufficient. A building
designed to cost a hundred and fifty thou-
sand dollars gold ($150,000) in the
United States, with heating apparatus,
plumbing, and all furniture included in
that cost, would be sufficient; for that sum
would procure in China a building with
fifty per cent more cubical contents than it
would produce in the United States.
Books to the value of about thirty thou-
sand dollars ($30,000) should be bought
at the outset; and thereafter the annual
cost of carrying on the library would be
from twenty-five to thirty thousand dollars
($25,000 to $30,000). This estimate is
based on present (1912) prices and costs
of living in Peking. If this estimate of an-
nual expenditure seems small, it should be
noticed that the memorial does not request
that the library be a complete representa-
tion of all branches of knowledge. The
great subjects of languages, literature, his-
tory, theology, philosophy, fine arts, and
music are not mentioned.
The proposed library might well serve
as a model for other Chinese provinces or
cities. There is room in China for a dozen
such institutions; and there is therefore
a fair chance that the good work started
in Peking by the Carnegie Endowment for
International Peace may before long
spread and be multiplied. Its influence
would all be directed to strengthening the
grasp of the Chinese on the applied
sciences and the inductive method, and so
to building up China as a strong, unified
power, capable of keeping order at home,
repelling aggression from without, exe-
cuting the needful works of conservancy
and sanitation, and increasing the national
wealth and the well-being of all the
people."
You may be living in 1914, but you are
not alive in the 2oth century if you make no
use of books. — WILLCOX.
690
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[September, 1914
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN A LIBRARY
ABOLISHES THE RENEWAL
OF BOOKS
THE following is from the annual report
of Samuel H. Ranck, librarian of the Grand
Rapids Public Library, for the year ending
March 31, 1914:
"The most interesting feature of the
year's work was the effect of the rule which
went into operation on April i, 1913, abol-
ishing the renewal of books, and the issu-
ance of all books on regular cards (except
7-day books) for a straight period of four
weeks, before they become subject to fine,
and raising the number of adult books
(non-fiction) to be issued on a card at a
time from two to four. The first thing we
observed in connection with this rule was
that the receipts from fines for April were
cut in half. The number of books subject
to fines was reduced from 19,493 last year
to 13,317; the number of books circulated
for each one subject to fine increased from
14 last year to 22 this year, and the average
fine per book subject to fine increased from
5.6 cents to 6.3 cents. In other words,
where three people paid fines last year only
two paid such fines this year, but those who
paid the fines were largelv the more or less
careless ones, paying larger fines.
"The following statement, showing the
receipts from book fines at the Ryerson
building and branches month by month for
the last two years, tells its own story :
Year ending
Mar. 31, 1914.
$55.79
76.15
63.84
59.72
62.58
69.99
69.88
71.08
78.80
86.77
79.19
77-37
$851.16
5-49
8.
88.76
Year ending
Mar. 31, 1913.
April $107.58
May 100.08
June
July
August
September 73.15
October 81.12
November 96.79
December 107.27
January 97.45
February 83.87
March 103.25
Total $1,096.32
"It was estimated at the beginning of the
year that the decrease in the receipts from
fines would be about $200. The results
show, however, a decrease of $245.16. * In-
cluding other fines and collections at the
library to be paid over to the city treasurer
for the book fund, the total decrease for the
year was $238.64.
"There was also a decrease in the num-
ber of books issued at first, partly due to
cutting out the count of renewals, and part-
ly due to the fact that people do not feel
obliged to come to the library so often to
avoid an impending fine ; for getting people
into the building for any reason induces the
circulation of books. Only a small propor-
tion of persons (not over 30 per cent.) take
four books at a time, so that the losses re-
ferred to above were not made up in this
way. The issuing of four books on a regu-
lar card, however, reduced the demand for
special cards and the number of books is-
sued on such cards.
"Another splendid result of the new rule
is that it has removed absolutely the cause
of more misunderstanding in the circulation
department than all other things combined.
To receive a fine notice is likely at best to
bring one to the discharging desk in any-
thing but an amiable spirit, and especially
when one supposed that the book causing it
had been renewed. The abolishing of re-
newals incidentally cut out a lot of routine,
"red tape" (both for the public and for the
library staff) , v/hich gave no real additional
service. It was simply going through the
motions.
"The abolishing of renewals and the issu-
ing of books for 28 days straight was widely
noted a year ago in the newspapers, in the
library bulletins, etc. It is a curious fact,
nevertheless, after all this publicity, and a
year's working under the new rule, that
many persons do not yet know about it, for
every day many persons still come to the
desk and ask to have their books renewed,
when they have had them two weeks or
less, or offer money for fines for books
which they have had more than two weeks
but less than four.
"While there was only a small increase
in the number of books issued to children,
there was a considerable increase in the
number of children becoming card holders.
Under the old rule this larger number of
card holders would have meant an increase
of nine or ten thousand volumes issued for
home use. This means that a larger num-
ber of children drew about the same num-
ber of books. The rule tends to decrease
the practice of certain children racing
through a lot of books without getting much
September, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
691
out of them. On the other hand, it also
encourages the exchanging of books among
children, the longer period enabling chil-
dren to read not only the books taken on
their own cards, but also those taken on the
cards of their friends, before the four
weeks expire. To a certain extent, there-
fore, the rule encourages a considerable cir-
culation that does not get into the records.
There was a decrease for the year of over
one per cent, in the percentage of fiction is-
sued. The new rule tends in this direction,
but not to any marked extent.
"Another interesting fact in connection
with this rule is the larger number of books
that are out in circulation at one time. On
March 31, 1913, the last day under the old
rule, there were out in circulation from the
Ryerson building 5,545 volumes. On March
31 of this year, under the new rule, there
were out in circulation from the same build-
ing 7,393, an increase of 1,848 in the actual
number of books out in service, although
the actual increase in the number of books
issued from the Ryerson building in the
month of March over last year was only 26.
Since less than half the circulation is from
this building, this means that about 15,000
volumes were in the hands of readers at the
end of March, about 4,000 more than
would have been the case under the old rule.
In short, the new rule reduces the count of
books going into circulation, but greatly in-
creases the actual number of books in cir-
culation, and makes all round for a better
and a more satisfactory service.
"A study of the records for the Ryerson
building shows that there was a slight de-
crease in the number of 7-day books issued
— new fiction. In spite of the wiping out of
renewals — 5,327 last year — the decrease of
1,708 in the number of children's books is-
sued from the Ryerson building, there was
still an increase of nearly a thousand in the
home issues, or an increase over last year
of nearly 8,000 volumes issued to adults,
from that building. Taking the whole li-
brary, therefore, the decrease from not
counting renewals was over 10,000. To
have made up this loss and increased the
home issues over 5,000, while at the same
time increasing the number of books in the
hands of users at a given time about 35 per
cent., is, I believe, a splendid record. Alto-
gether, I am convinced that the present rule
greatly increases the educational value of
the library."
THOMAS J. KIERNAN
THOMAS J. KIERNAN, superintendent of
circulation in the Harvard College Library,
died at Arlington, Massachusetts, on July
31, after fifty-nine years of uninterrupted
service. He was born July 27, 1837, and
entered the library in 1855 at the age of
seventeen, succeeding to his father, who
had been janitor of the library since 1829,
and who in addition to his duties as janitor,
had been engaged, as Mr. Sibley says, in
"distributing books and extending court-
esies." The combined service of father and
son covered a period of eighty-five years, —
certainly a remarkable record.
Many generations of Harvard students
and hundreds of scholars from other insti-
tutions have been indebted to Mr. Kiernan's
remarkable familiarity with the library and
to his unfailing readiness to help, and have
come to regard him as a valued friend and
as an essential part of the library itself.
Receiving only an elementary education be-
fore he took up work in the library, he
nevertheless had the ability to absorb
knowledge from books as they passed
through his hands. He also had a reten-
tive memory, and by long practice had
cultivated the faculty of comprehending
sympathetically the trend of a reader's in-
quiry and was thus able to serve him effi-
ciently. He had one advantage that will
never be enjoyed by any one else — he grew
up with the library. He knew it first as
a small collection of some 60,000 volumes,
and he saw it increase to over 600,000. He
has watched the gradual introduction of
modern library methods and the transfor-
mation of the library thereby, and though
naturally conservative, he has welcomed
every change that was directed toward
making the library more accessible and
more generally useful.
In 1877, when Mr. Winsor was made
librarian, Mr. Kiernan was appointed
superintendent of circulation, and in 1892
the college conferred on him the honorary
degree of A. M. He married in 1875 Fan-
nie Grossman of Taunton, who died in May,
692
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[September, 1914
1914, after a long and painful illness, which
itself was a severe tax on Mr. Kiernan's
own failing strength, and from the effects
of which he never really recovered. One
son survives him, William L. Kiernan, who
for some years served the College Library
in the third generation and is now assistant
librarian of the Massachusetts State Li-
brary. W. C. L.
LIBRARY SERVICE IN SCHOOLS
AND QUALIFICATIONS OF
SCHOOL LIBRARIANS
The following statement was adopted by
the American Library Association, through
its official Council, at Washington, D. C.,
on May 28, 1914:
In view of the rapid growth of the school
library and the importance of its function
in modern education, the American Library
Association presents for the consideration
and approval of educational and civic and
state authorities the following state-
ment:
First, Good service from school libraries
is indispensable in modern educational
work.
Second, The wise direction of a school
library requires broad scholarship, execu-
tive ability, tact, and other high grade quali-
fications, together with special competency
for the efficient direction of cultural read-
ing, choice of books, and teaching of refer-
ence principles.
Third, Because much latent power is be-
ing recognized in the school library and is
awaiting development, it is believed that
so valuable a factor in education should be
accorded a dignity worthy of the requisite
qualifications. Further, it is believed that
in schools and educational systems the
director of the library should be competent
in scholarship, talent, and teaching power,
equally with the head of any other depart-
ment of instruction in the same school;
should be enabled, by having necessary
equipment and assistants, to do progressive
work; and should be recognized equally
with the supervisors of other departments
as an integral part of the educational sys-
tem.
NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIA-
TION—LIBRARY DEPARTMENT
THE National Education Association held
its fifty-second annual convention this year
in St. Paul, Minn., from July 4 to July n.
The meetings of the library department
were held July 8-10, and were accompanied
by a showing of the school library exhibit
prepared by the United States Bureau of
Education, first exhibited at the A. L. A.
conference in Washington in May, and by
special library exhibits at the St. Paul Pub-
lic Library.
FIRST SESSION
The department met in joint session with
the National Council of English Teachers,
in Elks Hall, St. Paul. The meeting was
called to order by the president of the
library department. In the absence of the
secretary, Mary C. Richardson, librarian
of the State Normal School, Castine,
Maine, was appointed secretary pro tern-
pore.
M. S. Dudgeon, secretary of the Wis-
consin Library Commission, read an in-
spiring paper on "The library's debt to
culture," and "The cultural possibilities of
school and college libraries" was the sub-
ject of a paper given by William B. Owen,
president of the Chicago Normal College,
Chicago.
There were three papers on "Successful
experience with home reading lists"; the
first, by Helen M. Baker of the High School
at Brownton, Minn., was followed by one
by Minnie E. Porter, Emerson School,
Gary, Indiana. The third paper on this
subject, prepared by Franklin Mathiews,
librarian of the Boy Scouts of America,
New York City, was read by Clara Bald-
win, secretary of the Minnesota Library
Commission.
This forenoon session closed with a dis-
cussion of how to get the best results from
home reading. It was pointed out that the
system of placing different credit values
on different books results in artificial in-
terest, and the child should be kept as free
as possible from feeling that he must read
certain books.
This subject was discussed by Mr. Mc-
Comb of Indianapolis, Miss Andrews of St.
Paul, Miss MacBride of Worthington,
September, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
693
Minn., Miss Webster of North Yakima,
Wash., Miss Richie of West Texas Nor-
mal School, Mr. Rice of Madison, Wis.,
Miss Meyers of Sheboygan, Wis., Mr. Hib-
bensteel of Stevens Point Normal School,
Mr. Barrett of Emporia, Kansas, and Miss
Wilson of St. Paul.
SECOND SESSION
This session was in the hands of the com-
mittee on rural school library work, and
was held at the University Farm, where
the large assembly room was nearly filled.
Miss Martha Wilson, chairman of this com-
mittee, presided.
Delia G. Ovitz, librarian of the State
Normal School, Milwaukee, Wis., read a
paper on "Training of rural school teachers
in the use of books." "The country child
in the rural school library" was the title of
a paper given by Mrs. Josephine C. Pres-
ton, state superintendent of public instruc-
tion, Olympia, Washington, and Miss Mary
C. Richardson of Castine, Me., talked on
"Rural schools in Maine." The last paper
was "Making the library earn its salt," by
Willis H. Kerr, Emporia, Kansas.
A list of books, "A standard foundation
library for a rural school," was distributed
to those present, and is printed in full in
this issue of the JOURNAL, following this re-
port. It was prepared by a committee ap-
pointed for that purpose, consisting of Har-
riet A. Wood of Portland, Oregon, and
Walter Barnes of the State Normal School,
Glenville, W. Va.
THIRD SESSION
The department met in joint session with
the Minnesota Library Association, Mar-
tha Wilson, president of that association,
presiding. Miss Wilson spoke of the in-
crease and improvements in library work
in Minnesota since the N. E. A. last met
in Minneapolis in 1902.
Mr. Utley, secretary of the A. L. A.,
gave a few words of greeting from that
association. Mr. Purd B. Wright, Kansas
City, spoke briefly on the importance of the
librarian getting the teacher's point of view,
and also of the teacher's understanding the
librarian.
"The newspaper morgue, the library and
the school," was the subject of a paper by
W. Dawson Johnston, librarian, Public
Library, St. Paul, Minn., and he was fol-
lowed by Mr. Willis H. Kerr of Emporia,
Kansas, who spoke on "Libraries and
schools : educational cooperation."
Miss Delia G. Ovitz read a second paper
on "Normal school training in library
methods." At the close she read a short
paper given at the A. L. A. in Washington,
by Lucy E. Fay, librarian of the University
of Tennessee, on "Standardizing the
course of study in library instruction in the
normal schools," and recommended that a
committee be appointed to cooperate with
a similar committee from the A. L. A. to
outline such a course.
A discussion, conducted by Willis H.
Kerr, followed this paper. Mr. Rice spoke
of the school library law in Wisconsin,
where the state has a law for school library
support; and soon will have a law making
compulsory a ten weeks' course in library
instruction in the normal school. A motion
was carried to appoint a committee of
three, as recommended by Miss Ovitz, and
to make Mr. Kerr one of this committee.
The following committees were ap-
pointed by the president:
Resolutions: W. Dawson Johnston, St.
Paul ; Delia G. Ovitz, Milwaukee, and Alice
N. Farr, Mankato, Minn.
Nominations: Martha Wilson, Minne-
apolis ; Mary C. Richardson, Castine, Maine,
and Marie A. Newberry, New York City.
A delegate from the Mississippi Valley
Historical Association, Mr. Dickerson,
Winona Normal School, told of a commit-
tee of seven to standardize library work in
connection with the teaching of history,
and said he was commissioned to ask that
one member from this department serve on
that committee. Miss Florence M. Hop-
kins, Detroit, Michigan, was appointed.
Thursday afternoon the visiting libra-
rians enjoyed a visit to the Minneapolis
Public Library and one of its branches. In
the evening they were the guests at dinner
of the Minnesota Library Association. The
dinner was given at the Country Club, and
Dr. Johnston presided as toastmaster.
FOURTH SESSION
The meeting was called to order by the
president. Miss Marie A. Newberry of the
694
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[September, 1914
reference department of the New York
Public Library, read a paper on "A normal
budget for a high school library." This was
followed by a brief discussion on amounts
spent for salaries and for books in various
high school libraries. It was agreed that
there ought to be more definite knowledge
of what it costs to start and to run such a
library of a given size. A motion was made
and carried that the high school committee
continue to investigate this question and re-
port later.
"High school branches of public libraries"
was the topic of a paper by Purd B. Wright,
librarian of the Public Library of Kansas
City, Mo. In the discussion which fol-
lowed it was brought out that the grades
above the sixth, and the high school pupils
in Kansas City, have definite instruction in
the use of the library. Also, that in St.
Paul the library and board of education
have recently been united under one com-
missioner.
The report of the committee on normal
schools was read by Mary C. Richardson,
Castine, Maine. A rising vote of thanks
was unanimously carried, sending Ida M.
Mendenhall the appreciation of this depart-
ment for the library exhibit, now in the
hands of the United States Bureau of
Education.
The report on high schools was read by
Willis H. Kerr, Emporia, Kansas. A mo-
tion to send thanks to Miss Hall and her
committee was carried.
A committee submitted resolutions of
appreciation and thanks to the A. L. A.
Publishing Board for its encouragement
of the school library movement, of endorse-
ment of the statement adopted by the
A. L. A. at Washington, and of thanks to
the librarians of St. Paul and Minneapolis
for their hospitality.
The committee on nominations reported
as follows: President, Harriet A. Wood,
Portland, Oregon; vice-president, W. Daw-
son Johnston, St. Paul, Minn.; secretary,
Lucile Fargo, Spokane, Washington. The
report was accepted and the officers de-
clared elected.
The president appointed the following
committee on standard course in library in-
struction for normal schools: James F.
Hosic, Chicago Normal College, chairman;
Martha Wilson, State Education Depart-
ment of Minnesota; Willis H. Kerr, State
Normal School, Emporia, Kansas.
A motion was made and carried that the
newly-appointed officers be requested to
give their careful consideration to getting
a paper on the school library question be-
fore the superintendents' department of the
N. E. A., and that they be given power to
act.
A motion was carried that the newly-
appointed officers be asked to try to get
some paper on school library service before
the Fourth International Conference on
Home Education, which will meet in this
country for the first time next year.
MARY C. RICHARDSON,
Secretary pro tempore.
STANDARD FOUNDATION LIBRARY
FOR A RURAL SCHOOL
The rural school library committee for
the library department of the National
Educational Association has compiled this
list of 120 titles because it seemed that a
short list would be most helpful to the
average country school teacher. If he has
no library, he can start one with this list
better than with a longer one, since only
the choicest books are given. If he has
a small library, this list will surely sug-
gest additions. If he has a large library,
he will need a longer list than the commit-
tee can compile as a foundation.
Of the 120 titles, about 60 are "litera-
ture" books and 40 "information" books
for the children's reading; about 20 are
reference books, most of them suitable for
both pupil and teacher. The fear that the
price would prevent the purchase of impor-
tant titles has led to the reluctant selection
in some cases of inexpensive editions.
The books are graded according to the
reading interests of children: 1-3, primary;
4-6, intermediate; and 7-8, advanced. In
general all of the children within a section
will enjoy the same book. An exception
to this rule is made in regard to the first
grade pupils. The mechanical difficulties
of learning to read make it necessary to
select books for them that third grade pu-
pils would consider too infantile. Younger
pupils will listen with interest to older
books if read aloud, and upper grade pu-
September, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
695
Houghton.
.
cyclopedia of literature and
.00.
readers,
v. 4, 45 c.;
boy.
pils will find much of value in the simpler
books.
HARRIET A. WOOD, Portland, Ore.
WALTER BARNES, Glenville, W. Va.
General
Bryant — How to tell stories to children.
$1.00.
Cabot — Ethics for children. Houghton. $1.25.
Champlin — Young folks' cyclopedia of common things,
3d ed. Holt. $3.00.
Champlin — Young folks'
art. Holt. $3.00.
Champlin — Young folks' cyclopedia of persons and
places, 6th ed. Holt. $3.0
Evans and Duncan. Farm life
v. 5, 50 c. Silver.
Everyman encyclopedia, 12 v. Button. $6.00.
•Schauffler — Arbor day. Moffat. $1.00.
Schauffler — Christmas. Moffat. $1.00.
Schauffler — Thanksgiving. Moffat. $1.00.
Wallace — Uncle Henry's letters to the farm
Macmillan. 50 c.
World almanac (paper). Press Pub. Co. 25 c.
Books for First Grade
Blaisdell — Boy Blue and his friends. Little. 40 c.
Bryce — Child-lore dramatic reader. Scribner. 30 c.
Tree and Treadwell — Reading-literature: primer. Row.
32 c.
Tree and Treadwell — Reading-literature: first reader.
Row. 36 c.
Lucia — Peter and Polly in summer. Amer. Bk. Co.
Fairy and Folk Tales, Fables, Myths and Legends
4-8 Aesop — Fables; selected by Jacobs. Macmillan.
$1.50.
4-6 Arabian nights. Stories from the Arabian nights.
Houghton. 40 c.
4-6 Andersen — Stories. Houghton. 40 c.
4-6 Brown — In the days of giants. Houghton. 50 c.
4-6 Carroll — Alice's adventures in Wonderland, and
Through the looking-glass. Grosset. 50 c.
4-6 Collodi — Pinocchio. Ginn. 40 c.
1-6 Grimm — German household tales. Houghton.
40 c.
7-8 Hawthorne — Wonder-book. Houghton. 40 c.
4-6 Jacobs — English fairy tales. Burt. ,$i.oo.
7-8 Kingsley. The heroes. Ginn. 30 c.
4-6 Kingsley. Water babies. Button. 50 c.
7-8 Lamb — Adventures of Ulysses. Heath. 25 c.
4-6 Lang — Blue fairy book. Burt. $1.00.
4-6 Mulock — Little lame prince. Heath. 30 c.
1-3 Perrault — Tales of Mother Goose. Heath. 20 c.
4-6 Pyle-^Some merry adventures of Robin Hood.
Scribner. 50 c.
4-6 Ruskin — King of the Golden river. Heath. 20 c.
7-8 Stevens and Allen — King Arthur stories. Hough-
ton. 40 c.
4-6 Swift — Gulliver's travels. Heath. 30 c.
4-6 Scudder — Book of legends. Houghton. 25 c.
1-3 Scudder — Book of fables and folk stories.
Houghton. 45 c.
Poetry
7-8 Bryan — Poems of country life. Sturgis. $1.00.
4-8 Chisholm — Golden staircase. School ed. Put-
nam. $1.00.
1-3 Hazard — Three years with the poets. Houghton.
50 c.
4-6 Lear — Nonsense books. Little. $2.00.
Ref. Longfellow — Complete poetical works. Auto-
grapn ed. Houghton. $1.00.
1-3 Mother Goose — Mother Goose, il. by Kate Green-
away. Warne. 60 c.
7-8 Montgomery — Heroic ballads. Ginn. 50 c.
7-8 Shakespeare — Merchant of Venice. Ben Greet
ed. Doubleday. 60 c.
1-3 Stevenson — Child's garden of verses. Rand, soc
1-3 Waterman — Graded memory selections. Educ
Pub. Co. 25 c.
Stories
7-8 Alcott — Little women. Little. $1.35.
4-6 Aldrich — Story of a bad boy. Houghton. 50 c
7-8 Andrews — Perfect tribute. Scribner. 50 c
7-8
7-8
7-8
4-6
7-8
7-8
4-6
7-8
4-6
4-6
7-8
7-g
7-8
7-8
4-6
4-6
7-8
4-6
7-8
7-8
4-6
4-6
1-3
4-6
4-6
4-6
Ref.
Blackmore-^Lorna Boone. Crqwell. $1.50.
Bunyan — Pilgrim's progress. Ginn. 30 c.
Cooper — Last of the Mohicans, il. by Boyd Smith.
Holt. $1.35.
Befoe — Robinson Crusoe. Houghton. 60 c.
Bickens — Christmas carol and Cricket on the
hearth. Macmillan. 25 c.
Bodge — Hans Brinker. Grosset. 50 c.
Eggleston — Hoosier school-boy. Scribner. 50 c.
Greene — Pickett's gap. Macmillan. 50 c.
Hale — Man without a country. Ginn. 2§c.
Hughes — Tom Brown's schooldays. Harper.
$1.50.
Page — Among the camps. Scribner. $1.50.
Scott — Ivanhoe. Button. $1.50.
Smith — Jolly good times. Little. $1.25.
Spyri — Heidi. Ginn. 40 c.
Stevenson — Treasure island. Jacobs. $1.00.
Twain — Prince and the pauper. Harper. $1.75.
Twain — Tom Sawyer. Harper. $1.75.
Wiggin — Rebecca of Sunnybrook farm. Gros-
set. 50 c.
Wyss — Swiss family Robinson. Button. 50 c.
Zollinger — Widow O'Callaghan's boys. McClurg.
$1.25.
Animal and Nature Stories
Brown — Plant baby. Silver. 48 c.
Brown — Rab and his friends. Heath. 20 c.
Eddy — Friends and helpers. Ginn. 60 c.
Harris — Nights with Uncle Remus. Houghton.
$1.40.
Kipling — Jungle book. Century. $1.50.
Kipling — Just so stories. Boubleday. $1.20.
Long — Wood folk at school: Ginn. 50 c.
Potter — Tale of Peter Rabbit. Warne. 50 c.
Seton — Lobo, Rag and Vixen. Scribner. 50 c.
Sewell— Black Beauty. Jacobs. 300.
Weed & Murtfeldt — Stories of insect life. v. i,
25 c. ; v. 2, 30 c. Ginn.
Arts and Sciences
Bancroft — Games for the playground. Macmil-
lan. $1.50.
7-8 Barstow — Famous pictures. Century. 60 c.
1-3 Beard — Little folks* handy book. Scribner. 75 c.
4-6 Benton — Little cook-book for a little girl. Page.
75 c.
4-6 Fairbanks — Home geography for primary grades.
Educ. Pub. Co. 60 c.
7-8 Forman — Stories of useful inventions. School
ed. Century. 60 c.
Ref. Griffith — Essentials of woodworking. Manual
Arts Press. $1.00.
Ref. Holden — Real things in nature. Macmillan. 6sc.
Ref. McGlauflin — Handicraft for girls. Manual Arts
Press. $1.00.
4-6 Miller — First book of birds. School ed. Hough-
ton. 60 c.
Geography
4-8 Allen — Industrial studies: Europe. Ginn. 80 c.
4-8 Allen — Industrial studies: United States. Ginn.
65 c.
4-6 Carpenter — Asia. Amer. Bk. Co. 60 c.
4-6 Carpenter — Europe. Amer. Bk. Co. 70 c.
4-6 Carpenter — How the world is clothed. Amer.
Bk. Co. 60 c.
4-6 Carpenter — How the world is fed. Amer. Bk.
Co. 60 c.
4-6 Carpenter — How the world is housed. Amer. Bk.
Co. 60 c.
4-6 Carpenter — North America. Amer. Bk. Co. 60 c.
4-6 Carpenter — South America. Amer. Bk. Co. 60 c.
4-6 Chamberlain — How we travel. Macmillan. 40 c.
4-6 Chamberlain — South America. Macmillan. 55 c.
4-6 Chamberlain — North America. Macmillan. 55 c.
7-8 Hall and Chester — Panama and the canal. School
ed. Newson. 60 c.
1-3 Shillig — Four wonders:1 cotton, wool, linen, silk.
Rand. 50 c.
History and Biography
7-8 Antin — Promised land. Houghton. $1.75.
7-8 Baldwin — Abraham Lincoln. Amer. Bk. Co. 60 c.
4-6 Baldwin — Fifty famous stories retold. Amer.
Bk. Co. 35 c.
Ref. Brown — Epoch making papers in United States
history. Macmillan. 25 c.
696
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[September, 1914
4-6 Eggleston — First book in American history.
Amer. Bk. Co. 60 c.
J-3 Eggleston — Stories of great Americans for little
Americans. Amer. Bk. Co. 4oc.
Ref. Elson — History of United States. Macmillan.
68 Franklin — Autobiography. Houghton. 40 c.
ef. Gulliver — Friendship of nations. Ginn. 60 c.
Ref. Haskin — American government. School ed. Lip-
pincott. 80 c.
4-6 Pumphrey — Pilgrim stories. Rand. 45 c.
7-8 Tappan — -Old world hero stories. Houghton. 70 c.
7-8 Warren — Stories from English history. Heath.
65 c.
NATIONAL COUNCIL OF TEACHERS
OF ENGLISH— CHICAGO MEETING
School libraries will receive special at-
tention at the next annual meeting of the
National Council of Teachers of English,
which will be held in Chicago, November
26 to 28. The library, high school, and
normal school sections will combine in or-
der to discuss such problems as how' to se-
cure the greatest efficiency by means of ad-
equate equipment and of capable libra-
rians, how English teachers can co-operate,
the strength and weakness of the Home
Reading List, and kindred topics.
Among the speakers will be Miss Mary
E. Hall, librarian of the Girls' High School
in Brooklyn, V. C. Coulter, of the State
Normal School at Warrensburg, Mo., and
an experienced high school teacher. The
chairmen of the three sections are: Miss
Delia Ovitz, Milwaukee, of the library sec-
tion, E. H. K. McComb, Indianapolis, of the
high-school section, and Miss Sarah J. Mc-
Nary, Trenton, of the normal school section.
An extensive exhibit of library aids and
equipment is being arranged for by the
Library Department of the N. E. A. and by
the United States Bureau of Education.
The librarians will have a section meeting
for the discussion of library extension and
also a banquet. Chicago is now the head-
quarters of the A. L. A. and hence a place
of special interest to all librarians.
A LIBRARY INSTITUTE FOR DIS-
TRICT SUPERINTENDENTS
THE School Libraries Division of the
University of the State of New York and
the New York State Library School co-
operated in a library institute for district
superintendents, July 6-10, the exercises be-
ing held in the library school rooms. The
district superintendents are in direct charge
of all the public schools of the state, exclud-
ing cities of 5,000 population or over, and
the entire purpose of the institute was to
arouse an increased interest in better rural
and elementary school libraries. The pro-
gram was devoted exclusively to subjects
directly related to the actual work of these
rural and elementary schools, and a definite
attempt was made to discuss questions of
organization and management from the
point of view of the one-room or the small
village school with crowded program, few
facilities and little or no leisure time on
the part of the conscientious teacher in
charge. An exhibit of books suitable for
the first eight grades, typical book lists and
sample traveling libraries available for
schools was prepared and, in a number of
cases, was used by those in attendance as
a basis for library purchases and recom-
mendations for the coming year.
In view of the many professional meet-
ings at which attendance is practically re-
quired, the lack of any departmental press-
ure to attend a meeting devoted entirely to
library matters, the recent growth of in-
terest in school library concerns and the
further fact that no specific provision was
made (as is done in some other cases) for
traveling expenses led those in charge to
expect a rather small attendance. Contrary
to the most hopeful forecast, 31 different
superintendents, more than one-seventh of
the entire number in the state, were in at-
tendance one or more days. The discus-
sions, even more than the attendance,
showed the genuine interest of the super-
intendents in the matter. All of the four
library divisions of the department, the in-
spection division and the vocational schools
division were represented on the program.
As an. example of willingness to unite forces
hitherto not closely related and to recog-
nize in a definite way the part of the library
in a state system of public education, the
meeting had considerable significance, and
it is hoped that it will be but the beginning
of larger and better similar meetings in the
future. Much of its success is due to the
wide personal acquaintance of Dr. Sherman
Williams, chief of the school libraries divi-
sion, and his active interest in the prelimi-
nary plans. The program follows :
Monday, July 6. — "School libraries," Dr.
September, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
697
Sherman Williams, chief, School Libraries
Division ; "The essential organization of a
library," Mr. Frank K. Walter, vice-
director, New York State Library School.
Tuesday, July 7. — "The school library in
agricultural education," Mr. Layton S.
Hawkins, specialist in agriculture, Voca-
tional Schools Division; "Traveling li-
braries," Miss Grace L. Betteridge, head,
Traveling Libraries Section, Educational
Extension Division; "The New York
State Library and its purpose," Mr.
James I. Wyer, Jr., director, New York
State Library; "The catalog of the school
library: its use and its limitations," by
Mr. Frank K. Walter.
Wednesday, July 8. — "Some essentials of
cataloging," Miss Jennie D. Fellows,
chief classifier, New York State Library ;
"Desirable editions for school libraries,"
Mr. Frank K. Walter; "Some essentials
of reference work," Mr. Frank K. Wal-
ter; "Selection of historical material for
schools," Mr. Avery W. Skinner, inspect-
or, University of the State of New York.
Thursday, July 9. — "What the school should
expect from the public library," Miss
Caroline Webster, library organizer;
commence. He said that President Volk-
mann, he, and pretty much all the people
connected with the show, would have to go
to the front at once, and that the only thing
to do would be to close the buildings and
put them under a strong guard. The things
would be safe enough. . . . The expo-
sition was about deserted during the last
week of my stay."
OXFORD CONFERENCE POSTPONED
A cablegram from Mr. Henry Tedder,
secretary of the Library Association of the
United Kingdom, states that the pan-Angli-
can library conference, which was to be
held at Oxford from August 31 to Septem-
ber 4, has been postponed till next year, ow-
ing to the war. The annual meeting, an-
nounced to be held on September 4 in Ox-
ford, will be held in London on the same
date. Local secretaries of the Association
will do what they can during the week be-
ginning Aug. 31 to help any librarians who
may be in Oxford to see the libraries and
colleges.
CARNEGIE CORPORATION LIBRARY
GIFTS— JULY, 1914
"Some essentials of cataloging," Miss ORIGINAL GIFTS, UNITED STATES
Jennie D. Fellows ; "The state library and Broken Bow, Nebraska $10,000
its reference work with schools," Mr. Dover, New Jersey 20,000
Frank L. Tolman, reference librarian, Hamburg, New York! ........... 5*000
New York State Library; "Classification Hamilton, Montana 9,000
of school libraries," Mr. Frank K. Walter. Toulon, Illinois 5,000
Friday, July 10.— "What is education and Vicksburg, Mississippi 25,000
who are educated people?" Dr. Sherman — z
Williams; '"The Educational Extension INC UNJT£D STAT£S **>
Division and its relation to the schools, T- . r\ XT T *
it «• -nr-n- T-. TTT i • F T- i East Orange, New Jersey $40,000
Mr. William R. Watson, chief, Educa- ^ , , , Vr-f • /* t
~. . . Oakland, California (for four
tional Extension Division. , , ^
„ branches) 140,000
*• K' WALT Rockville Town and Adams Town-
THE END OF THE EXPOSITION AT ship' Indiana ^
LEIPZIG $182,500
WHILE the JOURNAL has had no definite ORIGINAL GIFTS, CANADA
announcement of the closing of the Leipzig Carrie, Ontario $15,000
Exposition, there is little doubt that it has llbur>r' Ontano 5>ooo
come to an untimely end. In a letter writ- $20,000
ten from Rotterdam on August 7th, Mr. INCREASES, CANADA
Hendry, who had charge of the A. L. A. Berlin, Ontario $12,900
exhibit in Leipzig during July, says : Markdale, Ontario 2,000
" I suppose that the exposition is closed $14,900
by this time — Dr. Schramm told me that OTHER ORIGINAL GIFTS
such would be the case should hostilities Marton, New Zealand £1,250
BASEMENT FLOOR PLAN — NORTH BRANCH, NASHVILLE, TENN.
FIRST FLOOR PLAN — NORTH BRANCH, NASHVILLE, TENN.
September, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
699
Hmettcan
association
Standing committees for the year 1914-1915
have been appointed as follows:
Finance — H. W. Graver, C. W. Andrews,
F. O. Poole.
Publishing Board— Henry E. Legler, C. W.
Andrews, A. E. Bostwick, Mrs. H. L. Elmen-
dorf, H. C. Wellman.
Public documents — G. S. Godard, A. J.
Small, Ernest Bruncken, John A. Lapp, M. S.
Dudgeon, T. M. Owen, S. H. Ranck, Ade-
laide R. Hasse, C. F. D. Belden.
Co-operation with the N. E. A. — Mary E.
Hall, Marie A. Newberry, Irene Warren, W. H.
Kerr, Harriet A. Wood, W. O. Carson.
Library administration — George F. Bower-
man, John S. Cleavinger, C. Seymour Thomp-
son.
Library training — A. S. Root, Faith E. Smith,
Alice S. Tyler, W. Dawson Johnston, A. L.
Bailey, Chalmers Hadley, M. S. Dudgeon,
George O. Carpenter.
Bookbuying — C. H. Brown, C. B. Roden,
Anna G. Hubbard.
International relations — Herbert Putnam,
E. C. Richardson, Frank P. Hill, C. W. An-
drews, R. R. Bowker.
Bookbinding — A. L. Bailey, Rose G. Mur-
ray, Joseph L. Wheeler.
Federal and state relations — B. C. Steiner,
T. L. Montgomery, Demarchus Brown, Paul
Blackwelder, C. F. D. Belden, Thomas M.
Owen, W. P. Cutter.
Travel— F. W. Faxon, C. H. Brown, J. F.
Phelan.
Co-ordination — C. H. Gould, J. L. Gillis,
N. D. C. Hodges, W. C. Lane, Herbert Put-
nam, Henry E. Legler, J. C. Schwab.
Work with the blind— Lucille A. Goldthwaite,
Laura M. Sawyer, Mrs. Emma N. Delfino,
Mrs. Gertrude T. Rider, Julia A. Robinson,
Ethel R. Sawyer.
Program — H. C. Wellman, George B. Utley,
(third member to be appointed).
OLibrars Organisations
CALIFORNIA LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
The nineteenth annual meeting of the Cali-
fornia Library Association was held at Hotel
del Coronado, Coronado, June 15 to 20, 1914,
jointly with the fifth annual convention of the
California County Librarians. The register
showed an attendance of 198, representing 51
public libraries, 21 county libraries, 3 univer-
sity libraries, 2 normal school libraries and the
State Library. The president, J. L. Gillis,
called the meeting to order at 3 o'clock on the
afternoon of June 15.
The president spoke of the great progress
made in library service during the year, saying
that it would be hard to duplicate anywhere
the work of the library people of California.
On behalf of the officers of the association, he
thanked all those who had so generously
helped in the year's work. Reports from the
nine districts were presented by the district
officers. Eight district meetings were held, one
being a joint meeting of two districts. Two of
the districts were unable to hold meetings, but
they reported keen interest in library work.
The report of the secretary-treasurer showed
that the balance on June 3, 1913, was $541.14;
the receipts during the year were $657.99; the
expenditures were $801.53, leaving a balance
on June 12, 1914, of $397.60. This report was
verified by the auditing committee.
For the committee on library exhibits at the
1915 Exposition, Charles S; Greene reported
that the committee found the authorities of the
Panama-Pacific Exposition very exacting re-
garding exhibits, the rental very high, and the
cost of a "live" exhibit prohibitive; but the
committee would be glad of suggestions as to
ways of securing the necessary funds.
The nominating committee presented the fol-
lowing ticket : President, J. L. Gillis ; vice-pres-
ident, Jennie Herrman; secretary-treasurer,
Alice J. Haines. There were no other nomina-
tions, and the ticket was unanimously elected.
For the committee on county free library
sign, L. W. Ripley reported that many draw-
ings had been received in the contest, but only
one was possible, and that only with some
changes. He suggested that the committee, or
the executive committee, return the sign for
these changes. It was voted by the meeting
that the committee be continued with power
to settle the matter.
The resolutions committee presented resolu-
tions, which were adopted, on the death of
three members of the association ; of apprecia-
tion for the hospitality shown and the speeches
heard; of acknowledgment of invitations to
meet in 1916 in Humboldt county; and of au-
thorization of the executive committee to ar-
range for a joint meeting with the A. L. A. in
1915, if such action seems desirable.
The question of affiliation with the American
Library Association was discussed, and it was
voted that the California Library Association
accept affiliation with the American Library
Association under the provisions of the A. L. A.
constitution and by-laws.
700
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[September, 1914
ADDRESSES AND DISCUSSIONS
Representing the State Railroad Commis-
sion, Max Thelen, one of the commissioners,
made the opening address on the "Regulation
of public utilities." He outlined the history of
the commission, and told of the laws and com-
missions of other states. He described the
methods of handling cases and complaints, em-
phasizing the fact that anyone in the state may
present a complaint and it will be given atten-
tion.
The part of the university in university ex-
tension was presented by Miss Nadine Crump,
of the University of California, while Miss
Susan T. Smith, of the State Library, discussed
the libraries' part in university extension.
"Some points on the county free library law"
was the subject of a talk by Miss Harriet G.
Eddy, county library organizer of the State
Library. Mrs. Harriet C. Wadleigh, of Los
Angeles, read a paper on "The relations of,
the county free libraries and the city libraries
in California."
• An illustrated lecture by Harry C. Peterson,
director of the Stanford University Museum,
traced the development of the moving picture
from the first experiments at the Stanford
farm to the present time. Dr. William E. Rit-
ter, director of the Scripps Institution for Bio-
logical Research, spoke of the multiplication
of scientific writings and suggested some ways
of eliminating some of it. In "College credit
for browsing," Dr. W. G. Carruth, of Stanford
University, advocated provision for students
to do general reading in literature, and the
granting of credit for this reading.
In W. Irving Way's paper, "My friend's li-
brary," he sought to present the layman's point
of view on some of the duties of a librarian.
Special emphasis was laid on the value and
importance of an intimate acquaintance with
authoritative reference books, and an orderly
system of keeping tab on minor as well as
major current events. In the words of the
late Henry Bradshaw, Mr. Way's friend finds
what he believes to be a clear definition of the
librarian's chief object in life: "My primary
duty as librarian is, of course, rather to help
scholars in their work to the best of my power
than to pursue any favorite investigations of
my own."
John S. McGroarty, author of the Mission
play, told in a delightful way how the play
came to be written and produced in spite of
many discouragements. John Vance Cheney
read a number of poems from his book, "At
the silver gate."
There were a number of interesting discus-
sions on library subjects, such as "Other ma-
terial than books in library service," which
included the use of pictures, slides, the phono-
graph, and the moving picture; "Library ser-
vice to schools," and "Uniform forms and
blanks." Of particular importance to the li-
braries of the state is the proposed bond
measure for additional state buildings in
Sacramento, because it will provide adequate
quarters for the State Library.
The trustees' section held a meeting on June
19, with the following program : "Who should
buy the books, the librarian or the trustees?"
by Samuel Leask; "The relation of the public
library to the community," by Earl F. Drake,
San Diego; "Building a library; the special
collection as a reflection of local conditions,"
by H. L. Carnahan, Riverside; "The making
and marketing of books," by Guy C. Miller,
Palo Alto.
The following officers for the section were
unanimously elected : President, Guy C. Miller ;
vice-president, Horace E. Hand. It was voted
that the president be authorized at some subse-
quent date to select a suitable secretary.
Scboois
NEW YORK STATE LIBRARY SCHOOL
Madame L. Haffkin-Hamburger, lecturer on
library economy and secretary of the library
course given at the Shaniawsky University of
Moscow (the only courses of the kind given
in Russia), spoke to the staff of the State
Library and the students of the Summer
School, July 15, on library conditions in Rus-
sia. Mme. Hamburger's talk demonstrated a
surprising amount of progress among popular
libraries despite adverse conditions. The talk
was illustrated by a number of stereopticon
views of Russian libraries. Mme. Hamburger
has presented the slides to the school with
the request that they be lent as occasion arises
to other library schools which may desire to
use them in their courses.
F. K. WALTER.
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY SCHOOL
SUMMER SESSION
The fourth summer session at the University
of Illinois Library School opened on June 22
and ended on July 31. The general plan of
the course was similar to that of previous
years, and attendance was restricted to per-
sons actually holding library positions. The
principal instructors were Mr. Ernest J. Reece
and Miss Ethel Bond, members of the regular
Library School faculty. Miss Margaret Wil-
liams and Miss Nelle U. Branch, members
September, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
701
of the University Library staff, were revisers
and assistants. The course in children's liter-
ature was given by Miss Effie L. Power,
supervisor of work in the St. Louis Public
Library, who visited the school in the week
of July 20 and delivered five lectures. Miss
Power presented the selection of children's
reading and illustrated her Jalks by the use
of type books. One lecture dealt with the
administration of children's departments. Miss
Anna May Price, organizer of the Illinois
Library Extension Commission, visited the
school on July 24 and 25, held personal con-
ferences with the students, and gave two lec-
tures presenting the work of the commission
and the functions of the public library.
Thirty-three students enrolled for the course.
Of these twenty-seven were from Illinois, two
from Kansas, one from Iowa, one from Ohio,
one from Arkansas, and one from Texas.
Twenty- four came from public libraries, six
from college and university libraries, and three
from high school libraries. Eighteen are in
charge as chief librarians and the remainder
are assistants. Two have master's degrees, two
others have bachelor's degrees, six others have
had some college work or its equivalent, and
eleven others are graduates of high schools.
The average salary of those working thirty
hours or more per week is $50 per month.
Altogether each student had ninety-two lec-
ture or class periods of fifty minutes each,
nearly every period presupposing two hours
of preparation on the part of the student.
Cataloging was given twenty-three periods;
classification, eleven; reference work, eleven;
book selection, thirteen; children's work, five;
administration (including extension), five;
mending of books, twelve; loans, two; and to
each of the following one period : order, acces-
sion, binding, bookkeeping, mechanical prepa-
ration of books, public documents, serials,
shelf-list, trade bibliography, statistics and re-
ports.
The course in book selection this year in-
cluded discussions of the literature of partic-
ular subjects, as follows:
Books relating to nature study, Professor
Vaughan MacCaughey, of the College of Hono-
lulu.
Books on rural life and hygiene, Miss Flor-
ence R. Curtis.
Some books on religion, the Rev. J. C. Baker.
The literature of sociology, Professor Ulys-
ses G. Weatherly, of Indiana University.
Helpful biographies, Miss Emma Felsenthal.
Types of travel literature, Mr. Ernest J.
Reece.
English fiction. Dr. Daniel K. Dodge.
The choice of books and other material re-
lating to history, Miss Marian Leatherman.
Contemporary American novelists, Dr. Dan-
iel K. Dodge.
The large class enrollment and the difficulty
of giving the most effective class instruction
to persons of unequal preparation led to a
division of the class in cataloging, and it met
in two sections.
No one claims that Urbana is an ideal sum-
mer resort, but in justice to the city it must
be said that the weather during the session
was, on the whole, very pleasant. This cir-
cumstance contributed very materially not only
to the evident enjoyment of all, but also
to the eagerness for work which was
manifest.
LIST OF STUDENTS
In the following list of students "public
library" and "Illinois" after the names of cities
are omitted :
Anderson, Nita Jeannette, assistant librarian,
Highland Park.
Blackwell, Mary, typist, University of Illi-
nois Library.
Cline, Myra Diana, assistant librarian, Wav-
erly.
Cossaart, Estella A., librarian, Chicago
Heights.
Culter, Mrs. Lucy Jane, librarian, Wm.
Moyer Library, Gibson City.
Fagan, Ellen, assistant, St. Charles.
Fletcher, Mabel E. B., librarian, High
School, Decatur.
Forward, Mary Cornelia, librarian, Talcott
Free Library, Rockton.
French, Ida Bertram, librarian, Illinois Col-
lege, Jacksonville.
Gulick, Mrs. Jessie, assistant cataloger, Kan-
sas State Agricultural College, Manhattan,
Kansas.
Hall, Mary Helen, first assistant, Carnegie
Library, East Liverpool, Ohio.
Handley, Anna, librarian, Loda.
Hargrave, Kathleen, librarian, Illinois Wes-
leyan University, Bloomington.
Harrison, Alice Sinclair, librarian, High
School, Austin, Texas.
Hatcher, Charlotte L., children's librarian,
Clinton.
Hughes, Madeline, librarian, Downers Grove.
Inness, Lucy Mabel, general assistant, Gales-
burg.
Lanquist, Ada M., branch librarian, Chicago.
Levin, Emma, branch library assistant,
Chicago.
McGehee, Hester Elizabeth, catalog typist,
University of Illinois, Urbana.
702
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[September, 1914
McKenzie, Annie Lawrie, librarian, High-
land Park.
McLaughlin, Mayme, librarian, Auburn.
Matthews, Irene Estella, librarian, High
School, Dubuque.
Meeker, Grace Ruth, assistant librarian,
Carnegie, Ottawa, Kansas.
Richards, Alice Mary, assistant librarian,
Greenville.
Richardson, Helen, desk assistant, Oak Park.
Scott, Leota, librarian, Mitchell Carnegie
Library, Harrisburg.
Simmons, Guy Andrew, librarian, Hendrix
College, Conway, Arkansas.
Smith, Irene, substitute, May wood.
Vandaveer, Harriet, librarian, Greenfield.
Wandrack, Lura May, librarian, Wood-
stock.
Watt, Margaret Louise, librarian, Win-
chester.
Wedding, Mrs. Rose McNabb, librarian,
Jerseyville.
P. L. WINDSOR, Director.
NEW JERSEY LIBRARY COMMISSION— SUM-
MER SCHOOL
The commission conducted the sixth session
of its summer school in the Asbury Park Pub-
lic Library, June I to July 3. The usual course
in elementary library science was given, with
special lectures by James I. Wyer, of Albany;
H. W. Wilson, of White Plains; Miss Theresa
Hitchler, of Brooklyn; Miss Rose Murray, of
New York; John Cotton Dana, of Newark;
and Miss Clara W. Hunt, of Brooklyn. Mr.
Hughes, of Trenton, Miss Hinsdale and Miss
Smith, of East Orange, and Miss Ball, of
Newark, led a round-table discussion of ad-
ministrative methods and loan-desk supplies;
and Miss Maude McClelland and Mrs. Bowen,
of Passaic, demonstrated the school library
work of the Passaic Public Library. Dr. John
Erskine, of Columbia University, talked very
delightfully about "Learning to read," the last
evening.
Twenty-eight students were enrolled for the
entire course, fourteen more came for the
week of Miss Hunt's lectures, and twenty-four
others came for individual lectures. Adding
to these the number of trustees, visiting libra-
rians, and members of the commission, who
came at different times, a total of ninety-four
people interested in libraries visited the school
during the five weeks it was in session.
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SUMMER
SCHOOL
The summer course in library methods of
the University of California for 1914 was held
from June 22 to August I.
For three years the course has been recog-
nized as a part of the regular summer ses-
sion of the University. Credit not to exceed
six units toward a university degree is given
for the satisfactory completion of the entire
course.
Twenty-seven students carried the full pro-
gram and four took part of the work. As the
class is limited, these were selected with due
regard to their personal and educational
qualifications and previous library experience,
from a large number of applicants.
The course covered the following subjects,
and included practice work and examinations :
Bookbinding and mending (2 lectures) ; Cali-
fornia library law (2 lectures) ; Cataloging
and accessioning (17 lectures) ; Classification
and shelf -listing (n lectures) ; Loan systems
(2 lectures) ; Library buildings (3 lectures) ;
Reference work (n lectures) ; Selecting and
ordering books (8 lectures).
Instructors and lecturers were : Frank M.
Bumstead, Edith M. Coulter, James L. Gillis,
Nella J. Martin, James F. Mitchell, Mary E.
Robbins.
MARY E. ROBBINS, Director.
IReviews
BOOKS FOR HIGH SCHOOLS. Compiled by Mar-
tha Wilson, supervisor of school libraries,
Minnesota Department of Education. (Re-
printed with adaptations from the list as
published by the Minnesota Department of
Education.) A. L. A. Publishing Board, 1914.
This book, as it comes to our hands, is prac-
tically identical with the one published for the
high school libraries of the state of Minne-
sota, the "adaptation" consisting merely of the
omission of matter in the introduction which
applies to conditions obtaining in Minnesota
alone. As indicated on the title page the orig-
inal book was intended for state circulation
but the American Library Association, by ar-
rangement with the Department of Education
of Minnesota and the compiler, has issued
a special edition intended to reach a wider
public. This act alone is sufficient to secure
for the little volume in question acceptance by
all high school librarians, and its welcome is
sure to be a cordial one.
As its compiler says in her foreword: "The
titles [of the books listed] have been chosen to
supplement the teaching in the schools and to
provide some interesting outside reading for
the high school boys and girls. The books for
recreative reading have been chosen with a
view to interesting the boys and girls in read-
ing, in owning books themselves and in the
use of the public library."
September, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
703
Very definite explanations and instructions
are given for the use of the list of books
chosen. The suggestions for the equipment
and care of the school library are most help-
ful and the plan for a reading circle is one
worthy of imitation. A valuable feature of
the book is the explanatory note following the
listing of each title. In almost every case
these notes are telling, and to the point.
The system of grouping related books by
classes is to be commended; it is, indeed most
helpful to high school pupils in their research
work. It is with pleasure that we note here
the inclusion of vocational and allied subjects.
Classes 170 — Conduct of life, Ethics; 607 — Vo-
cational guidance; 378 — College life; 921 —
Individual biography; 650 — Business, Commu-
nication; 700 — Art, Photography; 736, 740 —
Wood carving, Drawing; 680 — Manual train-
ing, are especially suggestive. We are, how-
ever, rather surprised, in view of present in-
terest in the woman movement and the short
story, to find no groupings under these heads.
The books listed under the following classes
are particularly suggestive and interesting:
612 — Physiology, Hygiene, Physical Training;
630 — Agriculture; 640 — Household economics;
79o — Sports; 808.5 — Debating, Public speaking;
and 813.9 — Historical fiction. Class 973 —
American history, is especially rich and well-
chosen, as is also class 973.9 — Biography for
American history course. These two offer a
most valuable bibliography for the high school
student of American history. Class 815 — Ora-
tions, is incomplete even from the high school
view point and class 793 — Indoor amusements,
Amateur theatricals, might well have been sup-
plemented by comparison with the Leaflets
issued by the Drama League of America. In
fact under this rubric and also under class 812
— English and American drama, a note might
well have been made concerning the work of
this organization and references given to its
publications.
In any list of this kind each one of us will
be sure to discover omissions of certain books
which he considers especially fitted for inclu-
sion, peculiarly adapted to the purpose in
hand. And so we feel that we must express
a little disappointment at not finding under
class 170— Conduct of life, Ethics, Elbert Hub-
bard's "Message to Garcia"; under class 814 —
Essays and prose miscellany, Augustine Bir-
rell's "Obiter Dicta," Gilbert K. Chesterton's
"Varied types," and Arnold Bennett's "How to
become an author." Again we note with re-
gret the omission of De Morgan, Galsworthy,
Hardy, and Arnold Bennett from class 813 —
Fiction and humor. Under class 812— English
and American drama, while rejoicing to see
Percy MacKaye's "Jeanne d'Arc," Mrs. Pea-
body-Mark's "The piper," Charles Rann Ken-
nedy's "The servant in the house," Stephen
Phillips's "Ulysses" and Israel Zangwill's
"Melting pot," listed, we are somewhat sur-
prised to find such playwrights as William
Vaughn Moody, Bernard Shaw, Arthur Wing
Pinero, John Galsworthy and David Belasco
unrepresented.
In the use of this book for home reading
the teacher should always allow for a differ-
ence of taste in his pupils, remembering that,
"Talk as you will of taste, my friend, you'll find
Two of a face as soon as of a mind."
The majority of high school students will pre-
fer fiction and adventure for their outside
reading; but some boys will be more inter-
ested in the practical things of life — mechani-
cal contrivances, inventions, business, while a
very small minority occasionally will eagerly
devour biography, autobiography, and such
books as those listed under Class 170 — Conduct
of life, Ethics. Dr. Johnson speaks of Milton's
"harsh diction, uncertain rhymes, and un-
pleasing numbers" while Macaulay grows en-
thusiastic over "the incomparable harmony"
of this same poet's numbers. When the doc-
tors disagree may we not pardon something
to the high school student who "hates" the
book which according to all the canons of
taste he should delight in?
Let us, then, take account of native tastes
in selecting our lists for outside reading, and
let us by all means beware lest we ask too
much of the pupils. Spontaneous reactions
are what we want. A list of books, including
selections from various classes, thus appeal-
ing to all tastes, may be given out. But the
pupil should be allowed to choose his own
books from such a list; for he balks at the
prescribed in his home reading. At least fool
him into believing he is having his own way
here. Suggest that three or four read the
same book so that material may be furnished
for discussion and debate later on. A spe-
cial reading club day when the teacher annihi-
lates himself — though present in the flesh —
when a pupil presides, and when discussion
and debate become informal and conversa-
tional, will be far more productive than the
ordinary report day on the outside reading.
Each pupil may construct for himself a li-
brary shelf — he should build up at least four
shelves for the home library while in the high
school — he will joy in doing so if the matter
of outside reading is handled in a tactful way.
The book before us is certainly adequate for
the purposes its compiler had in mind when
preparing it — "to supplement the teaching in
704
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[September, 1914
the schools and to provide some interesting
outside reading for the high school boys and
girls" — and will do much, we trust, in the
hands of our teachers and librarians to de-
velop a permanent interest in reading, to
arouse enthusiasm for books, and to create
a true library spirit in the youth of America.
SARAH E. SIMONS.
BODLEIAN LIBRARY. Staff manual, 1913. Ox-
ford: Horace Hart, printer to the Univer-
sity. 150 p.
NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY. Rules and in-
structions for branch librarians and assist-
ants. 1913. 40 p.
BROOKLYN PUBLIC LIBRARY. Rules for the
guidance of the staff of the Brooklyn Pub-
lic Library. 1913. 62 p.
QUEENS BOROUGH PUBLIC LIBRARY. Rules for
the guidance of the staff. 1912. 33 p.
For years Mr. Nicholson's annual Bodleian
Staff-Calendar passed as a professional pleas-
antry in this country and served as the one
oasis of mirth in a desert of super-serious
library literature. Even the staid and sober
LIBRARY JOURNAL (in the halcyon days before
"The librarian's Mother Goose" began her
dubious bibliothecal utterances) vol. 29, p. 77,
under the caption "Back-stairs and boys at
the Bodleian" poked some delicious fun at the
odd, fat little book with its gay pink cover,
half its matter printed up-side-down and its
meticulous and reiterated directions for doing
the most trivial daily tasks. Even getting up
and going to bed would take on hilarity were
their every step set down in cold print with
Pepysian particularity.
Mr. Nicholson's successor continues the
Staff Manual, much the same in matter and
style, and in this, the definitive edition (pre-
sumably distributed only within the guild) are
bound the "Manual for readers" and the "Bod-
leian cataloguing rules" usually issued apart.
But we in America are now forever
estopped from further fun at its expense for
we have lately begun to do the same thing
ourselves. The sincerest flattery of our imita-
tions may not be taken lightly and there come
to your reviewer this year with the familiar
little pink book, similar publications from the
three public libraries of Greater New York.
In these four titles the greatest university
library in the world, the largest library enter-
prise in the world and two other considerable
and highly organized public library systems
confess to the wisdom, nay necessity for thus
reducing to print the hundreds of petty rules
for staff guidance. Mr. Nicholson and the
Bodleian were right. The verdict of 300
years of experience was sound though much
of it had a queer sound when read from cold
type between pink boards. Smooth and effi-
cient library administration is the sum of
countless details, often trifling in themselves,
the correct doing of which can be ensured
only by having them set down in black and
white to be seen of the doers. If we in
America have never before been thus particu-
lar in print it is because our library establish-
ments are new, raw, unformed and groping —
their customs and practices hardening slowly
through much experiment and change. They
can scarcely yet be called "fixed" in the sense
that three centuries have fixed Bodleian prac-
tice, but in some American libraries, particu-
larly municipal public library systems of such
startling growth as those in New York City,
the very rapidity of development has forced
such administrative codes into existence.
They will doubtless be revised frequently and
substantially and the successive issues will
mirror accurately and interestingly the prog-
ress of our most distinctive and notable li-
brary organism, the great city circulating sys-
tem with its numerous branches.
Both the New York and Brooklyn Public
Libraries find more than 300 distinct rules
requisite for the guidance of their branch
assistants while the smaller Queens Borough
Library lists nearly 200 — truly a formidable
matter of memorizing and machinery which
may well terrify or discourage the conscien-
tious prospective apprentice. J. I. W.
SEVERANCE, HENRY ORMAL. Guide to the cur-
rent periodicals and serials of the United
States and Canada. 3d ed. Ann Arbor,
Mich.: Wahr, 1914 [1906, 1908]. 462 p. O.
The appearance of the third edition of any
bibliography issued at private expense is in
itself strong presumptive evidence of the in-
trinsic merits of the work. Those who have
used the earlier editions of Mr. Severance's
"Guide" are likely to find the' latest one
equally valuable. The compiler's claim to
thorough revision seems supported by a com-
parison of the last with the preceding edi-
tion. The general plan of the work is un-
changed, the first part being an alphabetical
list of periodicals current at the date of com-
pilation, and the second part a classified list.
The headings in this second part are sensible
and specific. One cannot help regretting the
exigencies which obliged the compiler to leave
the classification incomplete, for it is the in-
definite title about which one usually needs to
know rather than the one whose title is ob-
vious. The limitations of scope which the
compiler has set himself in this edition as
compared with the attempt at relative com-
September, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
705
pleteness in the first edition (1906) shows the
rapid growth of periodical material as well
as the difficulty of assigning a great part of
it to any definite class. Routine reports of
corporations and institutions and public docu-
ments are generally excluded except those
cases which fairly fall within the ordinary
definition of periodical literature. In the case
of the proceedings, bulletins, etc., of learned
societies (of which only the larger and bet-
ter known are included) there is no indica-
tion in most cases as to which are free, which
included with membership in the society, and
which have a regular subscription price. This
information is so frequently useful that it is
to be hoped that the compiler may include it
in his next edition. Considering the high mor-
tality among periodicals one is surprised, not
that the author includes a few which have
suspended publication (e.g.: The Penn Ger-
mania) or that the subscription prices are not
always accurate (e.g. : New York Libraries,
free only to libraries and to trustees in New
York State, and 25 c. to others ; or Wiscon-
sin Library Bulletin, now monthly, 60 c. a
year) but that a list in which minute accuracy
is so difficult has actually been so accurately
done. Those who have found the earlier
editions useful will need this revised one while
practically any library with even a moderate
number of periodicals regularly received will
find it useful. F. K. W.
ROBERTS, KATE LOUISE, comp. The club wo-
man's handybook of programs and club
management. N. Y., Funk & Wagnalls Co.,
1914. 192 p. Nar. D. 75 c. net.
This little book gives in condensed form
material necessary or suggestive in the formal
work of women's clubs, as it has been gath-
ered by Miss Roberts during her years of
service on the staff of the Newark Free Pub-
lic Library, in charge of club work. Its scope
and purpose are clearly indicated in the title;
but it should be also extremely useful as an
aid to librarians in reference or advisory work
with women's clubs. Lists of "suggested sub-
jects" and "suggested outlines" for club pro-
grams occupy the first 20 pages, the former
offering over 100 topics, the latter outlining
more or less extended sub-topics under 28
study subjects. The section devoted to "pro-
grams" forms the bulk of the book, and is a
piece of useful reference work, giving 16 elab-
orate program outlines, with detailed group-
ing and subdivision, and reference lists for
each; the programs and reference lists on
"American literature" and on "school sys-
tems" seem especially excellent, but all are
creditable examples of developed topic work.
There follow brief suggestions on "How to
form a club"; an alphabetic list of parlia-
mentary definitions and terms used in club
administration ; compact information on "How
and where to get help" with references to
available booklists and other printed material;
and an index to the subjects covered in the
topics and bibliographical references.
H. E. H.
^Librarians
BAILEY, Winnifred, of Milwaukee, has been
engaged to succeed Katherine Barker as libra-
rian of the T. B. Scott Free Library, of Mer-
rill, Wis., and will assume her duties the first
week in September. Miss Bailey has attended
the library school at Madison, and for the past
two years has been the librarian at Wauwau-
toosa. Miss Barker goes to Astoria, Wash.
BLISS, Richard, librarian at the Redwood
Library on Bellevue avenue, Newport, retired
on Aug. i on half pay. Mr. Bliss will have
the title of librarian emeritus, in recognition
of his long and faithful service.
BRADFORD, Mrs. Frank, librarian at the Bar-
rington (R. I.) Public Library, celebrated her
twenty-fifth year as librarian on August n.
An informal reception in her honor was held
at the library.
CLAYTON, H. V., law librarian at the State
Library, Topeka, Kan., has prepared a use-
ful index of the proceedings of the Kansas
State Bar Association, 1886-1913. It is print-
ed as an appendix to the 1913 proceedings,
and also as a separate.
COBB, Gertrude, who for the last two years
has been in charge of the library at Janesville,
Wis., has resigned. Her place will be filled by
Miss Mary Egan, of Green Bay, librarian at
Marshfield for the last year.
CONNER, Elizabeth, of Two Harbors, Minn.,
has been appointed librarian of the Northern
Normal and Industrial School at Aberdeen,
S. D., in place of Miss Ruth King, resigned.
CONNORS, Miss L. E., has resigned her po-
sition as librarian of the Heermance Memo-
morial Library in Coxsackie, N. Y., to accept
a similar one at her home in Washington.
Her place has been filled by Miss E. C. John-
son, of Boston, Mass.
COOK, Ella B., of Trenton, has been ap-
pointed branch librarian of the Trenton Free
Public Library, as the successor to Miss Helen
L. Diverty. Miss Cook stood first on the
eligible list as the result of a recent civil ser-
vice examination. She is a graduate of the
7o6
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[September, 1914
State Model and Normal Schools and of the
Pratt Institute Library School, and has taken
several university summer courses, besides
having had considerable experience both in
teaching and in library work.
COWLEY, Amy, of Ligonier, Indiana, a gradu-
ate of Northwestern University and of New
York State Library School at Albany, has been
elected librarian of the Hutchinson (Kan.)
Public Library and began her work August
15-
DURKEE, Florence E., New York State Li-
brary School, '13-14, has gone to the John
Crerar Library, Chicago, as temporary as-
sistant.
FLOWER, Gretchen, formerly head of the
children's department in the State Normal
School Library at Emporia, Kansas, has re-
signed to accept the librarianship of the Col-
lege of Emporia, at Emporia, Kansas. She
begins her new work in September, in the
Anderson Memorial Library building, given to
the college by Mr. Carnegie in memory of the
help received by the young iron-worker from
Colonel Anderson, in Mr. Carnegie's early
Pittsburgh days. Later Colonel Anderson was
a trustee of the College of Emporia.
HARTWELL, Dr. Edward M., secretary of the
statistics department of the city of Boston,
has been named as the head of the new busi-
ness branch of the Boston Public Library, to
be known as the City Hall branch and to be
established in the room formerly occupied by
the board of aldermen in the city hall.
HAWES, Clara S., N. Y. S. L. S. 1894, has
been appointed cataloger in the Missionary
Research Library, 13 W. i8th Street, New
York City.
HEALY, Miss M., has been appointed chief
of the catalog department of the San Fran-
cisco Public Library, and Miss Annette Win-
dele has been made chief of the order depart-
ment.
HYDE, Mary E., who has been in charge of
the cataloging department of the San Fran-
cisco Public Library for the past five years,
has resigned to accept a position as instruct-
or in library science at Simmons College
Library School.
JILLSON, William E., of Ripon, Wis., W. L.
S. 1912, is at present reorganizing the Grafton
Hall (Fond du Lac, Wis.) Junior College
Library. Mr. Jillson arranged an exhibition of
circulars and catalogs of the labor-saving de-
vices shown in Washington, which he displayed
both in Ripon and in Fond du Lac for the
benefit of the business men.
KEMLER, Harry F., of Trenton, has been ap-
pointed assistant in charge of the new legis-
lative reference department of the New Jersey
State Library.
KING, Ruth, who has been for the past year
the librarian of the Northern Normal and In-
dustrial School at Aberdeen, S. D., has been
appointed in charge of the children's depart-
ment of the Butte (Mont.) Public Library.
LEWIS, Sarah Virginia, has resigned her po-
sition as librarian of the Allentown (Pa.) Pub-
lic Library. Miss Lewis has accepted the
position of librarian in a branch of the Car-
negie Library at Pittsburgh.
MCGREGOR, Mary, has been elected to fill the
vacancy caused by the resignation of Miss
Nellie Rutherford, who has been librarian of
the Gouvernor Library of Watertown, N. Y.,
for four years. Miss Rutherford will continue
library work but will remove to a larger field.
PORTER, Minnie, has been appointed to suc-
ceed Mrs. E. A. Call as librarian of the Pitts-
field (Me.) Public Library.
RANKIN, Mrs. C. C, librarian of the Newark
(O.) Public Library, has resigned her position
and will join her son in Evanston, 111.
REESE, Mrs. Neva, who has been assistant
librarian in the Newark (O.) Public Library,
has been made librarian in place of Mrs. C.
C. Rankin, resigned.
RICHARDSON, Mary C., N. Y. S. L. S. 1910-
n, took a temporary position for July and
August in the Minneapolis Public Library.
ROY, Myrtle I., for almost two years first
assistant in the Free Public Library of Sum-
mit, N. J., has resigned that position to be-
come librarian of the Davenport Memorial
Library of Bath, N. Y.
SOMERVILLE, Evelyn, Drexel 1914, has ac-
cepted a position as assistant in the Public
Library of Cleveland, O.
STEPTOE, Elizabeth W., Drexel 1914, has
accepted a position as cataloger at the Wistar
Institute, Philadelphia.
WARD, Annette Persis, who for five and a half
years has been librarian of the Western Re-
serve Historical Society, and who reorganized
the library during that time, resigned Sept. I.
Miss Ward expects to leave Cleveland, and be-
fore locating again plans to spend a few months
in rest and travel. Her library has been given
to the Granville (O.) Library as a memorial
to her grandmother, Mrs. Persis Follett Parker,
and her mother, Mrs. Jane Elizabeth Parker
Ward. Letters may be sent to Miss Ward in
care of her brother, Mr. H. P. Ward, 225 North
Fourth street, Columbus, O.
THE LIBRARY WORLD
The Library Association Record . for May
contains an article by Ethel S. Fegan, librarian
of the Ladies' College, Cheltenham, entitled
"Some American libraries/' in which she re-
cords her impressions of American libraries
as seen in a tour lasting only a little over three
weeks. The Library of Congress and the pub-
lic libraries of New York, Pittsburgh, Cleve-
land, and Chicago receive special comment,
and some interesting comparisons of Ameri-
can and English library methods are made.
New England
MAINE
Auburn P. L. Annie Prescott, Ibn. (23d
annual rpt. — yr. ending Mar. i, 1914.) Ac-
cessions 927; total 18,748. New registration
687; total 7756. Circulation 54,999- Receipts
$3,552.20; expenditures $3,136.69, including sal-
aries $1,486.20, books $889.44, binding $73-2I>
newspapers and periodicals $83.40.
Bingham. The town of Bingham is a bene-
ficiary of the will of the late Mrs. Lillian
Washburn, widow of Henry Washburn, to the
amount of $1,000 toward a public library, pro-
vided that it is built within 15 years and costs
not less than $5,000.
Brunswick. Bowdoin College L. George
T. Little, Ibn. (3ist annual rpt. — yr. ending
May i, 1914.) Accessions 3129 (books pur-
chased averaged $1.30 per volume) ; total
number of volumes (including the Medical
School Library), 108,518. Circulation for use
outside the building 7511. Receipts $6,86 1 ;
expenditures $6861, including $2919 for books,
$665 for periodicals and serials, and $406 for
binding. The librarian's salary is not in-
cluded in the budget. Among the gifts of the
year were the complete works of Kate Doug-
las Wiggin, who received the doctorate of let-
ters from Bowdoin in 1904. This collection
of over eighty volumes contains copies of the
various editions issued in this country and
abroad, the numerous translations into
French, German, Polish, Danish, Dutch,
Swedish, Roumanian and Japanese, portly
volumes in Braille prepared for the use of the
blind, and the manuscript of "Daughters of
Zion." Some of the rarer issues are now out
of print and not available through the ordi-
nary channels. It is proposed to place this
collection in a case of its own in the alumni
Buxton. By the will of the late Andrew L.
Berry, a lot of land has been bequeathed to
the town for a library site, and he makes the
request that it be called the "Berry Library."
Under certain limitations he bequeaths the
sum of $5,000 for the Berry Library build-
ing, $1,000 for books for the library and $3,-
ooo if so much be left of the estate, for the
care of the building. Mr. Berry's estate is
estimated at $15,000.
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Berlin F. P. L. Adria A. Hutchinson, Ibn.
(2ist annual rpt. — 1913.) Accessions 320;
total 8210. Circulation 25,217. Total registra-
tion 3,976. Receipts $2,297.19; expenditures
$2,090.88, including salaries $740.25, books and
periodicals $356.81.
Rochester P. L. Lillian E. Parshley, Ibn.
(20th rpt. — 1913.) Accessions 522; total num-
ber of volumes 16,466. Circulation 56,114.
New registration 440; total registration 5858.
Receipts $3,866.80 ; expenditures $3,840.53.
MASSACHUSETTS
Amesbury P. L. Alice C. Follansbee, Ibn.
(Rpt. — 1913.) Accessions 550; total 15,017.
Circulation 45,566. Total registration 1931.
Attleborough P. L. Eugenia M. Henry, Ibn.
(Rpt. — 1913.) Accessions 1267; total 16,534.
Circulation 58,573. New registration 739; total
6494. Receipts $7,204.70;. expenditures $7,-
149.18, including salaries $3,351, books and
periodicals $1,800.04, binding $264.09.
Beverly P. L. Martha P. Smith, Ibn. (s8th
annual rpt. — 1913.) Accessions 1496; total
37,721. Circulation 98,433. Total registration
3202. Receipts $8,736.91 ; expenditures $8,-
735.01, including $3,779.83 for salaries, $i,-
790.38 for books and periodicals, and $373.98
for printing and binding.
Boston. John Singer Sargent is completing
the long awaited new set of mural paintings
for the Boston Public Library at his studio
in London. Two commissions cover the work
which Mr. Sargent is doing for Boston. For
the city's order he is completing some rela-
tively unimportant panels for use at the end of
the gallery opposite to that where the paint-
ings of the Hebrew prophets are placed. The
subjects at this opposite end of the gallery
deal with the doctrine of the Trinity. The
important part of Mr. Sargent's present work,
however, is a series of large paintings to deco-
rate the long western wall of this gallery.
708
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[September, 1914
The tentative sketches for these panels are
reported to illustrate the important steps in
the humanitarian development of mankind.
Northampton. Forbes L. Joseph L. Harri-
son, Ibn. (i9th annual rpt. — yr. ending Nov.
30, 1913.) Accessions of books 3258, pictures
89, music (including 6 graphophone records)
269; total number of books 122,229, pictures
100,445, music 10,537. New registration 826;
total 6371. Circulation 86,842. Receipts, aid
fund $10,890.46, book fund 19,353-25, total $30,-
243.71. Expenditures, salaries $7,497.73, books,
magazines, pictures, binding, etc., $10,108.09.
Salem P. L. Gardner M. Jones, Ibn. (25th
annual rpt. — Dec. I, 1912, to Dec. 31, 1913-)
Accessions 2364; total number of volumes
60,315. Circulation 144,085; 76 per cent, fic-
tion. New registration 2673. Receipts $54,-
783.79; expenditures, $27,300.49.
Shelburne Falls. The new Pratt Memorial
Library, which is a gift to the town of Shel-
burne from Francis R. Pratt of Greenfield, is
now completed and plans are being made for
the dedication which is to take place in a
few weeks. The building is located at the
corner of Bridge and Main streets, the sides
facing the streets being alike. The material
is Roman brick, with limestone trimmings.
The building is unusual in form, the idea
having been worked out to fit the lot by W. H.
and Henry McLean of Boston. The general
shape is that of a quarter of a circle, with the
entrance at the angle of the two streets. The
angle swells out into a circular form, which
serves as a delivery room, 20 feet in diameter.
This portion of the building is surmounted
by a dome which is copper covered. The rest
of the roof is tiled. The building spreads out
in fan shape, with a reading room for adults
30 by 16 on the Main street side and a chil-
dren's room 20 by 16 feet and a librarian's
room 10 by 9 feet on the Bridge street side.
Between, in the fan-shaped space, is the stack
room, with radiating stacks to accommodate
39,000 volumes. The inside finish of the prin-
cipal rooms is mahogany. The stack room and
librarian's room are in birch. There are fire-
places in the librarian's room and in the read-
ing rooms. The basement provides ample
storage facilities. The 12,000 volumes in the
Arms Library will be moved into the new
building immediately after the dedication.
Somerville P. L. Drew B. Hall, Ibn. Uist
annual rpt. — 1913.) Accessions 8761 ; total
number of volumes 109,236. Circulation 407,-
617. New registration 3662; total 11,175. Ex-
penditures for books $7,756.07 (also $933.36
for income of special funds); music $172.78;
periodicals $1,310.77; binding $1,641.36; sala-
ries $21,822.44.
The report contains pictures and plans of
the new building and the report of the open-
ing exercises at the latter, Dec. 17.
CONNECTICUT
Branford. Blackstone Memorial L. Charles
N. Baxter, Ibn. (i8th rpt. — yr. ending June
30, 1914.) Net accessions 1281 ; total number
of volumes in library 31,708. Circulation 72,-
651. New registration 354, total 2588.
Bridgeport. To create two branches of the
Bridgeport Public Library the Carnegie Cor-
poration of New York offers to give $50,000;
to obtain this money the city must provide the
sites for the two library branches, guarantee
$5,000 per year for their maintenance, and also
submit the plans for the buildings for the ap-
proval of the members of the corporation be-
fore they are accepted. One of the conditions
of the acceptance of the money from the Car-
negie corporation is that Mr. Carnegie's name
shall not appear on either of the buildings, nor
be connected with them in any way.
New Britain Institute. Anna G. Rockwell,
Ibn. (6oth annual rpt. — yr. ending Mar. 31,
1914.) Accessions 8867; total number of vol-
umes, about 48,400. Circulation of books 175,-
012, and of mounted pictures 5824. New reg-
istration 1986. Receipts $17,977.52; expendi-
tures $17,838.77, of which $972.93 went for
printing and binding, $380.05 for newspapers
and periodicals, $6,598.80 for books, and $5,-
234.67 for salaries.
Middle Atlantic
NEW YORK
Falconer. The new public library building
was opened officially on August I with about
600 volumes.
New York City. A bronze tablet in honor
of the one hundredth anniversary of the birth
of Sir Isaac Pitman and "in recognition of
the important collection of shorthand litera-
ture in the New York Public Library" was un-
veiled in the public catalog room of the central
building of the library on June 20. The tablet
was presented by the Isaac Pitman Shorthand
Writers' Association of New York.
New York City. The estate of William Au-
gustus Spencer, who lost his life on the Ti-
tanic, is appraised at $2,218,650. With the ex-
ception of a $50,000 bequest, Mr. Spencer's
widow has a life interest in the property,
which at her death is to be equally divided be-
tween the New York Public Library and a
September, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
709
nephew of Mr. Spencer. Mr. Spencer's col-
lection of fine books in modern French bind-
ings has already been received and cataloged
by the library.
New York City, The New York Public Li-
brary has received from the Central Park Ob-
servatory, a collection of 2390 volumes, 7241
pamphlets, 312 circulars, 734 maps, 10 letters,
165 charts and 2 blue prints. The material
consists of books and scientific reports on
meteorology and terrestrial magnetism. It in-
cludes a large number of books sent to Dr.
Daniel Draper during his long and distin-
guished service as director of the Central Park
Observatory, from 1868 to 1911. With this
notable addition, the collection of material on
meteorology in The New York Public Library
becomes the second in this country, being ex-
ceeded in importance only by that in the Li-
brary of the United States Weather Bureau
in Washington.
Rochester. A new branch of the Public
Library will be opened early in September,
occupying rooms that have been used by two
stores. A feature of the branch will be the
use of the display windows, to advertise the
value of right reading and to bring to the
attention of the book explorer the books that
ought to be read.
Rochester P. L. William F. Yust, Ibn. (2d
annual rpt. — yr. ending Dec. 31, 1913-) Acces-
sions 17,279; total number of volumes 38,-
321. Circulation 274,372. Receipts $36,000;
expenditures, books $13,170.03, including $267
for periodicals; salaries $13,355-52.
Rochester has no central building as yet,
but has started with a system of branch libra-
ries and distributing stations. The year cov-
ered in the report is the first full year of its
existence. Some of the most important results
are here summarized.
The Exposition Park branch was kept open
every day including Sundays and all holidays ;
the Genesee branch was opened to the public
October I in rented quarters; a sub-branch
was opened at School 9 in a portable build-
ing erected for the purpose ; books are ready
for a second sub-branch in the new building of
School 24; 21 deposit stations were established
in various sections of the city; organization
of the work with schools which was begun
last year was extended and the plan thorough-
ly tested; a prominent part was taken by the
library in the child welfare exhibit; and a
collection of public documents was started.
Rome. At a special meeting of the trustees
of the Jervis Library a resolution was adopt-
ed accepting the $1,500 left to the association
by the late Dr. C. C. Reid. The money was
left to be used for the establishment of a
picture gallery at the library.
Skaneateles P. L. Lydia A. Cobane, Ibn.
(37th annual rpt. — yr. ending Jan. 31, 1914.)
Accessions 460; total 14,864. Circulation 13,-
753. Receipts $1,972.18; expenditures $i,-
906.19, including salaries $862, books $193-25,
magazines and newspapers $127,75, and bind-
ing $24.80.
NEW JERSEY
During the last session of the legislature,
the school library law was so amended that
in the future the supervision of school libra-
ries will be in the hands of the State Library
Commission, and all warrants for state school
library funds must be drawn on the order
of the New Jersey Public Library Commis-
sion, instead of the Commissioner of Educa-
tion as heretofore. A committee representing
the State Board of Education and the Public
Library Commission is now engaged in draw-
ing up rules, regulations, and suggestions for
the care and administration of school libra-
ries. These will be printed in pamphlet form
and a copy sent to each public library and each
public school in the state.
Atlantic City P. L. Alvaretta P. Abbott,
Ibn. (i2th annual rpt. — 1913.) Accessions
3051 ; total 28,398. Circulation of books, 156,-
858 ; of pictures from teachers' room 4622.
New registration 2382. Receipts $18,615.19;
expenditures $16,802.19, including books $4,-
253.49, rebinding $685.05, and salaries $8,901.50.
Bayonne. The $30,000 addition, for which
Mr. Carnegie furnished the funds, will be
ready for occupancy in October. Among the
special features of the remodeled building
is a lecture room equipped for "movies." A
municipal room and a high school reference
room are planned, as both the high school and
the city hall are within two blocks of the li-
brary.
Dover. The Carnegie Corporation has of-
fered the city $20,000 for a Carnegie library,
on the usual terms.
Dover F. P. L. Martha A. Burnet, Ibn.
(9th annual rpt. — yr. ending Dec. 31, 1913.)
Accessions 495. Circulation 23,177. New reg-
istration 400; total 4383. Receipts $4,705.76;
expenditures $2,332.41, including books $481.20
and salaries $1,117.
East Orange. Mayor Julian A. Gregory has
received a letter from Secretary James Ber-
tram of the Carnegie Corporation agreeing to
give the city $40,000 for the addition to the
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[September, 1914
free library. The only condition imposed is
that written assurance be given that the city
owns the site of the proposed addition with-
out incumbrance and that the requisite ten
per cent, of the gift shall be raised every year
for the maintenance of the institution.
Hackensack. The headquarters of the Ber-
gen County Farm Demonstration Bureau are
in Hackensack. The librarian there has taken
advantage of this opportunity to get in touch
with the agricultural interests of the county.
She has joined one of the granges, attends
the meetings of the Board of Farm Demon-
stration, has placed in the office of the man in
charge of the Demonstration Bureau lists of
books that can be gotten from her library, has
placed a collection of books there to bring
to the attention of farmers who visit the bu-
reau the resources of the library, and is in
many ways trying to make known library re-
sources in Bergen county.
Montclair. Work on the new branch build-
ing in Upper Montclair is progressing rapidly,
and it is expected that the building will be
completed some time in October. The ap-
proximate cost of the building is estimated at
$33,ooo.
New Brunswick F. P. L. Cornelia A. See,
Ibn. (Rpt. — 1913.) Accessions 1040. Circu-
lation 66,753. New registration 690. Receipts
$6.403.01; disbursements, $6,206.22, including
salaries $3,183.33, books $508.74, newspapers
and periodicals $296.56, and binding and covers
$271.36.
Plainfield P. L. Florence M. Bowman, Ibn.
(Rpt. — yr. ending May 31, 1914.) Accessions
1633; total 50,693. Circulation 90,627; adult
68,456, juvenile 22,171; 65+ per cent, adult
fiction. Registration 4331. 3352 volumes cir-
culated through sub-stations, 5169 through
school libraries, 2387 music scores, 1518 from
the scientific department, 137 from the de-
partment of Americana, 5777 from the dupli-
cate-pay collection. Beginning in October, the
library opened its adult circulating department
on Sundays and holidays from 2 to 6 p. m.,
and 1413 volumes were circulated during the
eight months. Receipts $12,604.07; expenses
$3,358.12 (salaries $4,739.48; books $1,647.55;
periodicals $775-73, and binding $356.75.)
The library has an endowed scientific de-
partment numbering 9238 volumes ; an en-
dowed department of Americana numbering
1076; 1916 music scores for circulation; and
a law library numbering 1850 volumes.
PENNSYLVANIA
Braddock. Carnegie F. L. George H.
Lamb, Ibn. (25th annual rpt. — 1913.) Acces-
sions 6839; total 62,986. Circulation 348,850.
A re-registration of all the library's patrons was
made during the year, showing a total of 9669.
No financial report is given.
The report includes a summary of the year's
work of the Carnegie Club, in which 3896
members paid $4,003 in membership dues. In
addition 10,907 non-members paid 25 cents
each, for single baths. The number of baths
given aggregated 68,133, being 1310 for each
week, or 218 for each day the club was open.
The club also maintained 549 gymnasium
classes, with an aggregate attendance of 13,514.
Besides these activities 19,000 games were
played on the bowling alleys, and ten gala
events and water meets were held in the swim-
ming pool. In educational work, three classes
in English, for men of different grades of pro-
ficiency, * were conducted three evenings each
week, making a total of 181 classes with an at-
tendance of 3010. A new lounging room was
constructed which was much appreciated. It
is estimated that 151,000 people used the club
during the year, an increase of about 17,000.
The report also includes "Twenty-five years
of library history," a survey of library progress
in all its phases since this library opened its
doors ; correspondence between the librarian
and the librarian of the Carnegie Free Library
of Allegheny, relative to the question as to
which institution could rightly be called "the
first Carnegie Library"; and some interesting
tables, especially one showing relative amount
of work done and cost of same in thirty-five
large libraries of the United States.
Downington. The new library building was
opened to the public July 30.
Philadelphia. Teachers' Institute L. Anna
E. Lindsay, Ibn. (Rpt. — 1913.) Accessions
531; total number of volumes 20,976. No re-
cord of registration or circulation is included
in the report.
DELAWARE
Wilmington Institute F. L. Arthur L.
Bailey, Ibn. (2Oth annual rpt. — 1913-14.) Ac-
cessions 1576; total 79,237. Circulation 249,-
178. New registration 274; total 15,541. Re-
ceipts $26,365.06; expenditures $24,460.74,
which include $3,788.84 for books, $817.45 for
periodicals, $906.18 for binding, and $11,998.21
for salaries.
The plan of delivering books by messenger
at a charge of 5 cents a volume, inaugurated
Jan. i, has not been used as much as expected.
On rainy days it pays for itself, but on other
days its use is comparatively slight.
September, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
711
MARYLAND
Baltimore. Enoch Pratt F. L. Bernard C.
Steiner, Ibn. (28th annual rpt. — 1913.) Ac-
cessions total 307,540. Circulation 621,924.
New registration 9802; total 40,604. Expen-
ditures $93,945.12, including books $15,955-01,
periodicals $2,313.91, binding $3,759.07, printing
$633.89, and salaries $51,422.71.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Washington. An examination for "Scientific
assistant in library science" in the Department
of Agriculture Library will be held by the
Civil Service Commission on October 14, 1914.
The subjects of the examination and the rela-
tive weights of the subjects on the scale of
100 are: Arithmetic, 10; Report writing, 10;
Library science, 30 ; Thesis, 15 ; Education,
training and experience, 35. The subject of
library science consists of questions on library
economy, including cataloging, classification,
book ordering, loan systems, reference work
and bibliography, especially bibliographies of
sciences that pertain to agriculture. Qualified
persons, are urged to enter this examination,
as difficulty has been experienced in securing
eligibles. The usual entrance salary ranges
from $840 to $1,000 a year. When writing to
the Civil Service Commission for further in-
formation and for the necessary forms to be
filled out, applicants should state specifically
that they wish to take the examination for
"Scientific assistant in library science, Depart-
ment of Agriculture."
The South
VIRGINIA .
Virginia State L. H. R. Mcllwaine, Ibn.
(loth annual rpt. — yr. ending Oct. 31, 1913.)
Accessions 7694; total number of volumes
98,997. In addition about 700,000 manuscripts
were deposited in the library by the auditor of
public accounts, which were arranged for ac-
cessioning in 13,683 bundles. There were 28,-
871 visitors to the library; 22,005 books were
used in the building and 7917 were issued for
home use. The traveling library department
contains 11,517 books, and circulated 12,670
volumes during the year. Receipts were $5,-
227.84, and disbursements $5,112.48. In the de-
partment of serials $353.50 were spent on bind-
ing periodicals and $234.40 in binding and re-
pairing books.
NORTH CAROLINA
Charlotte. The sum of $15,000 has been
promised by the Carnegie Corporation for an
addition to the Carnegie Library in this city.
GEORGIA
Milledgeville. A new library has been estab-
lished at the prison farm here. A librarian
has been appointed and donations of books
are solicited.
KENTUCKY
The second biennial report of the Kentucky
Library Commission, in addition to a summary
of its own work, states concisely the library
conditions of the state. There are now in the
state 41 public libraries ; 17 college and special
libraries; and book collections, mostly inade-
quate, in 2638 of the 7588 grade common
schools, and in 148 of the 176 city schools.
Not one of the state prisons has an adequate
library, and only one of the four state hospi-
tals has a good library. The Kentucky School
for the Deaf and the Kentucky Institute for
the Blind have commendable libraries. Ninety- .
one counties have some kind of library, but
48 have only traveling libraries from the
Library Commission. Of the 41 public libra-
ries in the state 13 are free and are wholly or
partly supported by taxation; n are free and
are supported by clubs, associations, etc. ; 17
are subscription libraries, one of which will
soon be converted into a free public library
supported by tax. The commission has been
represented at various state and local meetings
of women's clubs, farmers' institutes, teachers
and school superintendents. Traveling libra-
ries have been exhibited at state fairs, club
meetings, institutes, and the Child Welfare Ex-
hibit at Louisville. Circular letters have been
sent out to places without library facilities, lists
compiled, and pamphlets and leaflets issued.
The traveling library office sent out 217 li-
braries totalling 11,874 volumes. The report
includes sketches of all the public libraries in
the state, with a statement of resources and
the names of the librarians, and the text of the
Kentucky library laws.
Louisville. Separate staff rooms for the as-
sistants and pages in the main library build-
ing have recently been installed.
TENNESSEE
Knoxville. The court of civil appeals has
rendered a decision in the friendly suit brought
to test the legality of the transfer of the Law-
son-McGhee Library to the city, and holds
that the transfer is valid.
ALABAMA
Montgomery. On Monday, July 20, the Ala-
bama Sunday School Association opened its
new and enlarged library department with Miss
Maude Shaw, of Montgomery, in charge.
712
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[September, 1914
This library of books on Sunday school work
and methods is said to be the largest and most
complete of its kind in America. It includes
eleven departments, covering, respectively, the
Bible, the Sunday school, the superintendent
and his work, the teacher and his work, child
study and psychology, the elementary division,
the secondary division, the adult division, mis-
sions, temperance, and evangelism. A tenta-
tive beginning was made last fall but the de-
mand for books from all sections of the state
was so great that it was impossible to carry
it on further without greatly increasing the
size of the library and extending its ability,
and the formal opening was therefore post-
poned. General Secretary Leon C. Palmer states
that the facilities of the library now are fully
adequate to meet all possible demands and
Sunday school workers of all denominations
throughout Alabama are invited to make free
use of this library. Books will be loaned to
any Sunday school workers upon request, free
of charge. Library catalogs and full par-
ticulars may be obtained by addressing Leon
C. Palmer, General Secretary, or Miss Maude
Shaw, Librarian, Alabama Sunday School As-
sociation, 525-527 Bell Building, Montgomery,
Ala.
Central West
MICHIGAN
Allegan P. L. Lenora E. Porter, Ibn. (Rpt.
— yr. ending Mar. 9, 1914.) Accessions 507;
total 6803. Circulation 27,123. New registra-
tion 295; total 1625. Receipts $1,314.29; ex-
penditures $1,289.46, including salary $500,
books $265.33, magazines $59.
Grand Rapids P. L. Samuel H. Ranck, Ibn.
(42d annual rpt. — yr. ending Mar. 31, 1913-)
Accessions 9332; total number of volumes
131,484. Circulation 280,771. Total number
of readers in Ryerson building and branches,
291,586. New registration 1071 ; total 23,135.
Total expenditures $49,162.76, including libra-
rians' salaries $25,744.21, printing $1,160.28,
binding $1,333.10, books $9,340.87, and periodi-
cal subscriptions $2,197.70.
Three new branches have been authorized
for three new school buildings, and provi-
sion is made for more in plans of three
other buildings. A bequest of $1,000 estab-
lished the Frederick P. Wilcox fund for the
purchase of reference books, to be used in
the social sciences. For several years the
board has set aside $400 each year for books
on furniture, and a very fine collection is the
result. Ninety lectures have been given in the
Ryerson building and the branches, with a total
attendance of 17,433- Sixty-three reading lists
of books on the subject of these lectures
were prepared, and 63,000 copies printed.
Most of the placards announcing the lectures
were printed at the Truant School Press, the
only cost to the library being for stock. With
the inauguration of the printers' apprentice
class at the Junior High School the library
expects to have a large part of its printing
done by this school, under a similar arrange-
ment.
OHIO
Cincinnati. The Hotel Sinton has installed
a library of 1,500 volumes in the reading room
on the second floor of the hotel. The Sinton
is the second hotel in this country to take such
a progressive step, the first being the Touraine
in Boston, Mass. It is planned to have a
young woman in charge of the library. Cards
such as are used in every library will contain
the name, address and room number of the
applicant guest. Upon signing the card the
guest may take the book free of charge, and
the only obligation placed upon him is that it
be returned to the library. Handsome catalogs
bearing the crest of the hotel in gold and red
have been placed in each room of the hotel.
Cleveland. The Cleveland Public Library
has opened two large branches in 1914: Alta
branch, opened February 10, and Quincy
branch, opened May 22. Quincy, the tenth
Carnegie branch in the system, is located on
the east side of East 79th street, a few blocks
south of Euclid avenue. The building, 88
feet wide by 55 feet long, is constructed in
the simplest style of rectangular, branch-
library architecture — one story and basement,
with circulating desk in an entrance corridor
dividing the main floor space into adult read-
ing and reference room and children's depart-
ment. Quincy like most of the large and
small branches of the system serves a mixed
American and foreign public. As yet the
American element predominates, but there are
permanent German and Bohemian settlements
and Hungarians are settling in the district in
large numbers. The new library is distin-
guished perhaps for the convenience and
homelikeness of its equipment and furnishings,
only exceeding the other branches in this re-
spect, however, because it happens to have been
the latest opened and has profited by the ex-
periments tried in the others, with additional
improvements. The platform window settle
for the little children, the little ingle-nook book
cases, the special exhibit book racks with
ledges and the slant-topped reading tables for
two or three children, are the newest features.
The last mentioned are specially planned to
NASHVILLE S NEW NORTH BRANCH, WHICH WAS OPENED LAST SPRING
THE QUEEN ANNE BRANCH OF THE SEATTLE PUBLIC LIBRARY, OPENED IN JANUARY OF THIS YEAR
September, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
713
hold the child's book at a proper angle and
prevent him from reading with the light di-
rectly in his eyes, but their additional and per-
haps their chief recommendation in the eyes of
the children's room staff is that the children
greatly enjoy using them and they tend to
break up the noisy, restless groups which
gather around the larger taoles.
Alta branch is located in what is known as
"Little Italy," a teeming Italian quarter in a
little pocket of land between the aristocratic
Cleveland Heights on the south and Euclid
avenue on the north. The Alta Settlement
has a gymnasium and swimming pool in the
large building and the library has the usual
departments, suited somewhat in arrangement
to the double uses of the building. Later in
the year both agencies hope to co-operate in
opening a basement reading room with news-
papers, periodicals, and perhaps some Italian
books for the use of the older men and* boys,
the purpose being both to relieve the strain
on the library reading and children's rooms
and to give a place where more sociability and
freedom of action can be permitted to a large
class who are restless and not studiously in-
clined.
INDIANA
Evansville P. L. Ethel F. McCollough, Ibn.
(ist annual rpt. — 1913.) Accessions, 4408;
total number of volumes, 9935. Registra-
tion, 5334. Circulation, 79,976. Receipts,
$20,398.78; expenditures, $19,244.56, including
books, $6,790.09, and salaries, $6413.
The library is housed in two buildings, one
on the east side and one on the west side
of the city. They were formally opened Jan.
i, 1913. Until the end of June the library
was open only from i to 6 and 7 to 9 p. m.,
and from 2 to 6 on Sundays and holidays. Since
July i, Sunday and holiday hours are the same,
but on other days the library has been open
from 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. Three deposit stations
have been opened in schools. Considerable ref-
erence work, considering the smallness of the
book collections, has been done, and many
reading lists have been compiled both for
clubs and for individuals. The lecture rooms
have been frequently used, and several ex-
hibits held. On Dec. 29 Library Day was
celebrated, with the hope of making it an
annual occurrence. The children registered
number 2823, and the need of a trained chil-
dren's librarian is felt.
ILLINOIS
Aledo. At a meeting of the board of
directors of the Mercer Township Free
Public Library, a site was selected for the
location of the library building. The site is
on the corner of College avenue and Eighth
street, and is only to be purchased in case
it meets with the approval of the Carnegie
Corporation in New York.
Chicago. John Crerar L. Clement W. An-
drews, Ibn. (I9th annual rpt. — 1913.) Acces-
sions, 14,699 volumes and 11,426 pamphlets;
total number of volumes, 322,049, and pam-
phlets 105,280. Total number of visitors was
I54,834- Calls for books numbered 142,262,
and for periodicals 17,784, while 4,018 per-
sons were admitted to the stacks. Of the
expenditures $59,094.75 went for salaries,
$6,145.31 for printing, $10,854.35 for binding,
$23,670.50 for books, and $10,662.23 for
periodicals.
A fire in the supply room in November
caused a loss of some $6000, and by the de-
struction of binding and other records seri-
ously hindered routine work. Of the printed
cards prepared by the library, 211,560 have
been distributed to depository libraries and
also as gifts, sales, or exchanges. The ex-
periment of using printed .cards from the
Royal Library of Berlin was found unsatis-
factory. While the selection at Berlin was
made with care it was found that differences
in headings made some cards of no use, while
others came too long after the books had
been received. In addition to its usual map
accessions, the library bought the collection
of nearly 6000 maps made by the late Emile
Levasseur. The library joined with others
in securing the services of Dr. Lichtenstein,
librarian of Northwestern University, in buy-
ing books in South America, and some large
collections were purchased.
Decatur F. P. L. Alice G. Evans, Ibn.
(39th annual rpt. — yr. ending May 31, 1914.)
Accessions, net, 723 ; total number of vol-
umes, 34,728. Circulation, 110,298.
The North West
MINNESOTA
St. Paul. As a result of the competitive ex-
amination, June u, five were admitted to the
apprentice class recently established. The class
has now completed the summer library course
at the State University and has begun its work
in the library.
St. Paul. The gift of $75,ooo by the Car-
negie Corporation for the erection of three
branch library buildings in St. Paul has been
accepted by the city council. A branch library
has been established in Hamline Park, in con-
junction with the Post Office sub-station. The
rooms are provided by the Hamline Mothers'
Club. The post office attendant is in charge of
the branch. The library numbers 942 volumes.
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[September, 1914
IOWA
Waterloo P. L. Fanny Duren, Ibn. (loth
annual rpt. — 1913.) Accessions, 1341 ; total
number of volumes, 22,052. Circulation, 97,962.
New registration, 1394; total, 8226. Receipts,
$12,874.90; expenditures, $10,737.39, including
books, $1771.49; periodicals, $388.44; binding,
$460.96, and salaries of staff, $4984.93.
MONTANA
Butte. The newly organized juvenile depart-
ment of the Butte Free Public Library, under
the direction of Miss Ruth King, has held
weekly story hours in Columbia Gardens dur-
ing the summer.
NEBRASKA
Omaha. A collection of about 600 volumes,
including many books on history and engineer-
ing, the property of the late Charles Turner, of
this city, has been given to the Public Library.
The South West
MISSOURI
St. Louis. A St. Louis woman, whose name
is withheld, has offered to contribute $1,000 to
the Catholic Free Library, provided it has 1,000
members by January. There are now 350 mem-
bers. The $ 1,000 would go toward a reading-
room and the purchase of more books.
St. Louis. The Monthly Bulletin of the Pub-
lic Library for June contained a list of 105
organizations that meet regularly in library
buildings in the city. Many other organiza-
tions not included in the list meet irregularly
in library buildings, and there are many meet-
ings held for some temporary purpose by un-
organized bodies. The list of those holding
regular meetings includes organizations civic
and patriotic, educational and literary, indus-
trial, military, musical, outdoor, political, re-
ligious, social, and those devoted to social ser-
vice. The date of organization, membership,
and general purpose of each group is given,
together with a list of officers.
St. Louis P. L. Arthur E. Bostwick, Ibn.
(Rpt. — yr. ending Apr. 30, 1914.) Accessions,
33,582 (net increase, 9421) ; total number of
volumes, 385,146. Circulation, 1,535,170. New
registration, 21,827; re-registration 11,929;
total number of cards in force, 95,351. Re-
ceipts, $255,582.65; expenditures for mainten-
ance, $224,094.57, including $136,474.89 for sala-
ries and $51,198.94 for books, periodicals and
binding.
The staff this year, including members of the
training class, now numbers 242 persons (94
men and 148 women). Since Feb. I, afternoon
tea has been served members of the central
staff between 3.30 and 4.30, each member being
allowed ten minutes for this refreshment.
The library bindery was started in January,
1913. .Actual work of binding began late in
the month with two men and two women at
work. There are now fifteen on the force.
The total cost of equipment for the bindery
was $587.40. The present output exceeds 200
volumes per month, and soon the library bind-
ery expects to be able to handle all the work.
Former methods of publishing have been
continued in the holding of a holiday exhibit
of books at Christmas, and of other exhibits on
special subjects throughout the year; in the
monthly "visitors' nights"; in the co-operative
preparation of a poster calling attention to the
Public Library, City Art Museum, and Mis-
souri Botanical Garden, under the heading,
"Places of interest"; and in the contribution
of $306, together with pictures, charts, etc., to
the A. L. A. exhibit at Leipzig.
For the first time the Monthly Bulletin has
been issued regularly, and new editions of
"Books I like," "Information for those desir-
ous of entering the library staff," and "Infor-
mation for readers," have appeared.
The various buildings have 15 rooms suitable
for meetings, and in these 3282 gatherings were
held during the year. The use of school build-
ings has now been extended to all legitimate
organizations, and the effect of this on the use
of library rooms will be interesting to follow.
A training class of 16 was graduated on
June 13, 1913, and in September another class
of 17 was enrolled, of whom 15 completed the
course in June, 1914.
The recorded use of reference rooms was
195,390, a gain of 33,517. A collection of
postal cards of American localities has been
begun, and already includes 5,000 views. The
art department has been making its strongest
effort toward attracting those people who
"don't know anything about art." By an ar-
rangement with the City Art Museum a small
collection of pictures by contemporary Ameri-
can artists is borrowed and displayed in the
library. In addition, nineteen special exhibi-
tions have been held.
The applied science department made special
effort to interest the public in its resources,
and as a result an increase of 10,000 in the
number of books consulted was noted. In the
open shelf room it is estimated that from 75
to 85 per cent, of the users were men, and
sociology, history, and philosophy are most in
demand. A collection of 1534 volumes of mu-
sic, both vocal and instrumental, is kept in this
room, and its circulation was 2685.
September, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
715
A full illustrated account of the children's
department (also printed in separate form)
runs from page 59 to 107, and describes in
detail the various phases of the work.
The six branch libraries circulated 757,479
volumes, or 49.35 per cent, of the library's
total circulation. The report contains a very
interesting pair of maps of the city. The first
shows the population of the city by wards,
with the number of aliens of different nation-
alities in each; and the second, which may be
superposed on the first, shows the city divided
by its principal avenues, and gives the location
of central building, branches, and all delivery
and deposit stations.
KANSAS
The Kansas Library Association will hold its
annual meeting at Topeka in October.
The July Craftsman contains a story by
Jessie Wright Whitcomb, based on the work
of the Kansas State Traveling Libraries Com-
mission, and entitled "A prairie sod house and
the Kansas traveling library."
Arkansas City. During its fifth year the
Arkansas City Public Library added 429 books,
making a total of 4644 volumes. Its circula-
tion for the year was 18,275, an average of four
calls per year for every book on the shelves.
Total expenditures were $2784, of which $820
was book fund. Mrs. A. B. Ranney is librarian.
Atchison. Efforts toward a new library
building at the Western Theological Seminary
are being made. It is planned to remodel the
brick building west of the main hall for library
purposes. When the seminary property was
the home of the John J. Ingalls family the
brick building was occupied by servants. For
several thousand dollars it is claimed it can
be converted into a very creditable library.
Junction City. The George Smith Public
Library at Junction City has its quarters on
the upper floors of the George Smith memorial
library building, the rentals from the street
floor being used for the maintenance of the
library. The expenditures last year were $4330 ;
and its 9399 volumes were circulated 29,437
times. The reading rooms attracted ten less
than 20,000 visitors. The librarian is Miss
Garnette Heaton.
Kansas City. Sara Judd Greenman, Ibn.
(Rpt. — yr. ending June 30, 1914.) Net acces-
sion 1439; total 23,519. Circulation 133,442.
New registration 4747; total 10,100.
Leavenworth. During 1913 it cost the city
$6101 to maintain its public library of 21,658
books and circulate them more than three times
each among 4652 borrowers. One person in
four of Leavenworth's population is a library
borrower, and many more are reference users.
Irving R. Bundy is librarian.
Manhattan. The high school library of 4000
volumes is being systematically classified and
organized by Miss Sarah Hougham, of Man-
hattan. The library will have quarters in the
new high school building.
Nortonville. The Crobarger Public Library
is being classified and organized by Miss Mar-
guerite Haynes, of Emporia, preparatory to its
opening.
Topeka. The Topeka Public Library circu-
lated 86,212 books during the last year, and
22,000 persons visited the reading room. The
receipts of the year were $9507, of which a
little more than $3000 went into books.
TEXAS
Dallas P. L. Rosa M. Leeper, Ibn. (i3th
annual rpt. — 1913.) Accessions 4582; total 41,-
664. Circulation 102,123. New registration 3755 ;
total 15,321. Receipts $17,712.77; expenditures
$16,986.75, including $3332.53 for books, $353-15
for periodicals, $810.63 for binding, and $6107.76
for salaries.
Pacific Coast
WASHINGTON
Bellingham P. L. Grace E. Switzer, Ibn.
(9th annual rpt. — 1913.) Accessions 2917;
total 18,246. Circulation 93,517, 71 per cent,
fiction, 58.1 per cent, being juvenile. New reg-
istration 2372 ; total 14,573, half the population.
Receipts $9270.98; expenditures $11,227.79, in-
cluding salaries $3698.19, and books, binding,
and periodicals $4450. The average cost of
circulating each book was 12 cents.
Olympia. It is expected that work on the
new library building will be finished by the
first of September.
Seattle. The Seattle Bar Association is work-
ing for the establishment of a public law library
in the new courthouse. It will endeavor to
secure legislation so that the state can help
support such an institution.
Spokane. The cornerstone of the new
branch library at Montgomery Street was laid
June 30.
CALIFORNIA
Long Beach. Back files of many magazines
are being sent from the library to men in iso-
lated districts. The cause of the "clean-up"
is the conversion of the library magazine stor-
7i6
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[September, 1914
age room into a meeting room. Workmen are
at present engaged in making shelves for the
storing of all magazines which much be kept
and for turning the room over to its new use.
The room will be turned over to the public for
use as a committee, club or organization meet-
ing place. Under the new arrangement, en-
trance to the art gallery will be from the read-
ing room.
Oakland. A spirited contest is already under
way in several sections of the city for the four
branch libraries to be built under the $140,000
Carnegie gift announced by Mayor Mott on
Aug. 5. West Oakland and the annexed district
will put in claims, and Allendale, Diamond,
Rock Ridge and the Santa Fe districts are also
clamoring for the libraries. Improvement clubs
are preparing petitions. No action will be
taken by the city council until after a confer-
ence with the library board. The money for
the sites for the buildings, which the city must
furnish, will probably be appropriated in next
year's budget.
Pomona P. L. S. M. Jacobus, Ibn. (Rpt—
yr. ending June 30, 1914.) Accessions 2750;
total volumes 25,615. Circulation 105,337; fic-
tion 65 per cent. Registration 4162. Total
receipts $11,581.16 (exclusive of balance car-
ried forward, $5331.54). Total disbursements
$10,284.93 ; of this, for salaries was spent
$5668.29, books, magazines, and binding $2820.78.
Circulation per capita was 8.1, and live mem-
bership was 32 per cent, of population. Cost
per book circulation was .09, and expenditures
per capita .79. The library is collecting local
history material, including in this personal nar-
ratives, photographs, and printed material.
Some literary evenings have been held for
adults, and a story hour for the children has
been established. Advertisements of the library
have been carried in the local street car sys-
tem, but this form of advertising does not
seem to pay. Already established activities
have been continued, but the business depres-
sion has made it seem wise to begin very little
new work, since this would incur new expense.
In spite of the fact that less money was spent
than the year before, the use of the library has
increased, both as to circulation and as to
reference use.
San Francisco. Mechanics' Institute L. Fran-
cis B. Graves, Ibn. (5oth annual rpt. — yr. end-
ing Feb. 28, 1914.) Accessions 6249; total
50,776. Circulation 125,650; fiction 72.4 per
cent. Membership 3341. Receipts $16,849.45,
of which $8420.71 was spent for books.
San Francisco. At the last meeting of the
board of trustees of the Mechanics' Institute
action was taken toward establishing in this
city the most complete technical library west of
Chicago. A division of technology will be
created within the Mechanics' Mercantile Li-
brary, and a graduate of the engineering school
of Cornell University, thoroughly familiar with
books on technology, has been chosen to organ-
ize the department and act as its chief. He
has held positions in the libraries of this coun-
try, Germany and Switzerland and is at present
employed in the Library of Congress.
UTAH
Ogden. Carnegie F. L. Grace W. Harris,
Ibn. (nth annual rpt. — yr. ending May 31,
1914.) Accessions 1923; total number of vol-
umes 9660 (exclusive of 2938 bound govern-
ment documents). Circulation 60,440, as com-
pared with 13,924 last year. New registration
(net gain) 299; total 8209. Receipts $7152.45;
disbursements $6463.21, including salaries
$3094.75, and periodicals, books, and binding
$2584.25.
Philippine Islands
Manila. Gifts and exchanges have recently
brought to the Philippine Library some inter-
esting documents bearing on Philippine history.
The first is a parchment manuscript map of
the island of Negros, dated 1572. Surround-
ing islands and some of the present towns can
be identified. Accompanying the map is a
description of the island and its inhabitants,
covering 17 pages of parchment, prepared by
the same person, one Diego Lope Povedano.
Manila. At the close of its year's study of
art, the Fortnightly Club, composed of Ameri-
can women in Manila, arranged an art exhibit
in the Public Library which was visited by
about 900 people in the week it was open. The
exhibition included a number of Curtis photo-
graphs of Indians, modern French and Spanish
etchings, large photographic copies of famous
paintings, and several painting proofs. Vari-
ous art publications belonging to the library
were also shown, and some artistic bindings
from the Filipiniana division. An art exhibi-
tion is not easy to arrange in the Philippines,
and the success of this one reflects great credit
on the library.
Manila. Four bronze tablets that have a pe-
culiar historical interest in the Philippine Is-
lands have just been placed on the walls of
the Rizal reading room in the Philippine Li-
brary. These tablets read as follows :
1. Magellan — Discoverer — March 16, 1521.
2. Legaspi — Colonizer — May 8, 1565.
3. Pinpin — Printer — 1602.
September, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
717
4. Rizal — Thinker, Author, Liberator — De-
cember 30, 1896.
The dates commemorate events as follows :
1. The date on which the first circumnavi-
gator sighted the first islands of the
Philippine Archipelago.
2. The date on which Legazpi, the first Euro-
pean to effect a settlement in the Philip-
pines, broke ground for the Spanish fort
at Cebu.
3. The first known Filipino printer and the
date on which the first book was printed
in the Philippines with movable types.
4. The date of the execution of the greatest
Filipino of all time, who deservedly holds
the high place that has been accorded
him.
These tablets were made possible by the per-
sonal gifts of members of the Philippine legis-
lature.
Canada
SASKATCHEWAN
A committee of the officers of the newly-
formed Saskatchewan Library Association re-
cently had an interview with Premier Scott. The
purpose of the organization was outlined
and the work accomplished by the Ontario
Association was reviewed. The co-operation
of the association in the proposed establish-
ment of traveling libraries by the government
was promised. J. R. C. Honeyman, the sec-
retary, in presenting the resolutions adopted
by the newly-formed association, explained
that the first one touching on the formation
of a traveling library scheme had already
been acted upon by the government. Another
important resolution, however, asked for the
amending of the School Grants Act, so that
where public libraries were formed in rural
districts, the boards of the same might have
power to take over school libraries, if the
latter so requested, and administer their
affairs. Another important change which Mr.
Honeyman urged upon the government, out-
lined by resolution massed by the association,
was the simplification of the returns asked
for by the government. At present the cost
of getting out the lengthy report which the
government requires is about as much as the
government grant. A general report dealing
with the work of the library could be pre-
pared at much less cost and with considerably
less labor, which would serve the purpose
just as well. The association has also passed
a resolution praying the government that the
Libraries Act and all acts governing libraries
be brought under the Department of Educa-
tion. President A. W. Cameron informed
Premier Scott that the Library Association
had in view the holding of library institute
meetings throughout the province commencing
with next year, and he wondered if the gov-
ernment would be favorable to making an
appropriation for that purpose. Premier
Scott asked the representatives of the Library
Association to tabulate their suggestions in
the form of a memorandum so that they
might be placed before the members in con-
crete form, and he was sure they would re-
ceive the careful consideration of his govern-
ment.
Regina. Arrangements have been made to
open a music lending section of the library.
The use of the collection is free to all, but a
special card must be obtained, as music will
not be charged on the regular card used for
books and magazines. The collection includes
songs, oratios and operas in vocal score,
piano arrangements of overtures and sym-
phonies, and the works of the best composers
for the piano.
Regina. At the Regina Exhibition held at
the fair grounds the week of July 27, the
Public Library had an attractive booth, de-
signed by J. R. C. Honeyman, the chief
librarian. The exhibit showed every phase
of library administration and equipment, card
systems used and samples of the different
classes of books on the shelves of the li-
brary. On one wall of the booth was exhibited
a plan of a model library building to cost
about $10,000, holding about 7,000 volumes,
suitable for a small town, and beside it a speci-
fication and estimate of equipment for same.
Another drawing showed a library suitable
for a village, calling for about $3,000 for the
building and $800 for equipment. Views of
the leading libraries of the United States and
Canada were also shown, together with liter-
ature and photographs illustrative of the
traveling library system in Wisconsin and
Minnesota, and the social work of the Chi-
cago Public Library.
Foreign
GREAT BRITAIN
An account of the library of the Medical
Society of London, relating mainly to its
founding and early history, is published in
the Library Association Record for May.
The account is written by George Bethell,
registrar and librarian of the society. The
library at present contains about 23,000 vol-
umes and a unique collection of printed
tracts on medical and allied subjects, together
with about 500 manuscripts.
7i8
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[September, 1914
In the Library Association Record for May
(p. 239-263) is a memoir of the late James
Duff Brown by James Douglas Stewart of
the Islington Public Libraries, followed by
some personal impressions by Thomas Al-
dred, Ernest A. Baker, Charles H. Benn,
Miss Olive E. Clarke, Henry T. Coutts, Mel-
vil Dewey, William E. Doubleday, Dr. Hal-
lier of Hamburg, Germany, L. Stanley Jast,
George H. Locke, H. Keatley Moore, Miss
O. Miihlenfeld of Hilvertmm, Holland, Paul
Otlet of Brussels, Miss Kate E. Pierce,
Charles Riddle, Ernest A. Savage, W. C. Ber-
wick Sayers, A. S. Steenberg of Denmark,
and Henry R. Tedder.
Aberdeen. The Aberdeen University Review
for February has an interesting article on "The
University Library: past and present," by P.
J. Anderson, the librarian. The article is ac-
companied by a full-page half tone of the
east end of King's College Library.
A collection of books seems to have been
part of the equipment of the College of St.
Mary in 1505, and between 1532 and 1545 a
special building was erected to serve as a
"librarie hous." The building was allowed to
fall into disrepair, and various makeshifts
were employed until James Fraser, a grad-
uate of King's College, and librarian of the
Royal Library in the early part of the i8th
century, remembered his alma mater with
many gifts, among which were included ihe
rebuilding of the "librarie hous," the augment-
ing of the collection of books, and the pro-
vision of a salary for the college librarian.
In 1773, however, his buildings were torn
down and the material used for building
manses for several members of the Senatus.
The books were moved to the chapel, where
they were kept for nearly a century. The
present library building was completed in
1870, and an extension has recently been au-
thorized that will almost double the present
shelving capacity.
Meantime the money originally intended for
the librarian's salary, which had been in-
creased until the librarianship was the best
paid office in the college, was diverted into
other channels. In 1836 an act was passed
substituting an annual compensation grant to
the four Scottish universities for the copyright
privileges previously enjoyed, under which
Aberdeen, whose library had been increasingly
neglected, received the least of the four, get-
ting only £320. This condition lasted till 1889,
when the annual amount was increased to
£640, which is still paid.
Under the Universities Act of 1858, an or-
dinance was enacted that the general library
of the university should be kept in the King's
College Library. At the present time the
special libraries of law, medicine, and natural
science are located in the Marischal College.
The books are arranged on the shelves ac-
cording to subject — an arrangement fully car-
ried out at Marischal College, and to be com-
pleted at King's College when the extension
of stack room is completed. The classifica-
tion is a modification of the Dewey system.
In general free access is given to all books,
and except certain reference books in the read-
ing rooms, volumes may be freely borrowed
by readers. For this purpose the readers are
dealt with in different groups, including mem-
bers of the staff, matriculated students, grad-
uates, research workers, and other libraries.
In 1899 a series of publications called
"Aberdeen University Studies" was started,
its main object being to stimulate original
research within the university and to prove
a bond of union between alumni. The uni-
versity librarian is general editor of the
"Studies," which already cover a wide field.
The present revenue of the library is about
£3600, of which about £2000 is available each
year for the purchase of books and periodicals.
Except for the librarian, all members of the
library staff are women.
In conclusion, the true aims of the library
are set forth in some detail. It is not con-
sidered the province of the library to furnish
the text books required by the ordinary stu-
dent, nor to compete with the public libraries
in supplying contemporary literature of in-
terest to the general reader. On the other
hand, it should be the aim of the library to
supply treatises and books of reference on
the several branches of university study, and
to supply transactions of learned societies
and the leading journals devoted to special
branches of knowledge. Lastly, it should be
the aim of the library to acquire afl publica-
tions bearing on the district of which the
university is the natural center, the collec-
tion to include not only all books and pam-
phlets relating to the district but all publica-
tions produced by alumni of the university.
Birmingham. The Northfield Public Libra-
ry, which was burned by militant suffragettes
in February, will be rebuilt.
Cambridge Univ. L. F. J. H. Jenkinson,
Ibn. (6oth annual rpt. of Library Syndicate —
yr. ending Dec. 31, 1913.) Accessions 59.34°.
Ninety-one persons not members of the uni-
versity were granted annual or quarterly
tickets of admission. During the year 30,118
books were borrowed from the library as
compared with 31,492 in 1912. Of this num-
September, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
719
her 888 were borrowed under the librarian's
order. Readers consulted 2,132 manuscripts
and other select books in the library. For
the general catalog 11,880 titles were printed,
7,920 being for new books and 3,960 for books
recataloged. Revision of the catalog in-
volved the shifting of 53,959 other slips. A
collection of editions of the Testaments of
the Twelve Patriarchs was received from
Dr. Robert Sinker, for 36 years librarian of
Trinity College, who died March 5. The
income for the year was £8,377 and expendi-
tures £8,162, which included £4,130 for salaries.
£2,093 for books, £858 for binding, and £400
for printing and stationery.
Coventry. The Public Libraries have re-
cently sent out a very attractive pamphlet
descriptive of the library system. Besides the
historical sketch there are portraits of the
late John Gulson, an ardent worker for the
establishment of a public library and the
donor of the land and building occupied by
the present Reference Library, and of Andrew
Carnegie. Exterior and interior views of the
central library and of the branches, with floor
plans, are also included.
Manchester. The John Rylands Library is
to be enlarged at a cost of between £50,000
and £60,000. The architect in charge is Basil
Champneys. A brief historical description of
the library and its contents, illustrated with
many views of the building and facsimiles of
its most treasured contents, was issued last
spring. The building is said to be one of the
finest specimens of modern Gothic architec-
ture in existence, built almost entirely of
stone and as nearly as possible fireproof, with
a capacity of about 100,000 volumes.
Norwich. The reference department of
the Norwich Public Library has been aug-
mented by the library of the late Bosworth
W. Harcourt, who bequeathed his collection
of about 2,250 books and pamphlets to the
library, on condition that they should "not
be placed in circulation but only read or con-
sulted within the library." The collection in-
cludes many volumes dealing with the history
and antiquities of Norfolk and Norwich.
Norwich. On the occasion of the George
Borrow celebration in Norwich last year, the
house in which Borrow resided with his
parents when in Norwich, was acquired by
Mr. A. M. Samuel (then Lord Mayor of
Norwich) and generously presented by him
to the Norwich Corporation with the view
of its being maintained as a Borrow Museum.
The Norwich Public Library Committee has
just undertaken to collaborate in the develop-
ment of the literary side of the Museum, and
would therefore gladly welcome donations or
information respecting the whereabouts of
any Borrow letters and manuscripts, engrav-
ings or photographs of Borrow's friends and
places described in his works, and other items
of Borrovian interest. Donations or infor-
mation should be sent to George A. Stephen,
the city librarian.
Oxford. Bodleian L. Falconer Madan,
Ibn. (Rpt. — 1913.) Accessions totalled 97,-
795 pieces, of which 29,856 periodicals, 859
parliamentary papers, 5,164 maps, and 14,147
books and single sheets were acquired
under the Copyright Act, 36,506 by
gift or exchange, and 8,469 by purchase.
The new Bodleian Statute, approved by the
curators in 1912, was accepted by convoca-
tion as a statute of the university on May
20, 1913. It is an adaptation of the old Latin
statute, brought up to date in several respects,
and making more clear the responsibility of
the curators as the board of management of
the library. A subway was constructed con-
necting the Bodleian Quadrangle with the
Radcliffe Camera. It is for the use of the
staff only, and used in connection with a new
book-lift, will greatly facilitate the transfer
of books from one part to the other.
GERMANY
Berlin. The Municipal Library of Berlin,
which in 1908 had only 60,000 visitors, to-day
stands second only to the Royal Library in
popularity. Plans are now being perfected
for a new and separate library building. This
building will also contain the municipal ar-
chives, and the upper floors will be devoted
to a municipal art gallery, in which will be
gathered the many priceless works of art now
belonging to the city but scattered in many
places.
FRANCE
Paris. It is reported that a newspaper li-
brary is to be established here where the 9000
newspapers and periodicals published in
France will be filed and cataloged.
SWITZERLAND
Davos. A collection of 2000 volumes has
been offered by Count Tyszkiewicz to start a
library here. The library is to be known as
the Library of H. Sienkiewicz, in honor of the
author of "Quo vadis."
ITALY
Venice. The National Library in Venice,
which in 1905 was removed from the Palace
of the Doges to the Zecca, has been so en-
larged by gifts and other acquisitions that
720
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[September, 1914
new quarters have become an absolute neces-
sity. The increase is especially due to the
following gifts: The Tessier collection
(about 10,000 works and brochures) pre-
sented by the widow of the famous historian
G. B. Cavalcasselle : Salvioli's dramatic col-
lection (about 10,000 theatrical pieces), and
the library of the linguistic expert Teza
(some 30,000 volumes, 9000 brochures, and
Teza's correspondence ) .
RUSSIA
Tygodnik Illustrowany [Polish Illustrated
Weekly[, in its issue for May 23, 1914, has an
article on "The library of Zygmunt, Count
Czarnecki," who was known as a collector of
works of art and of books on Polish litera-
ture of the fifteenth, sixteenth and seven-
teenth centuries, and of books on religious
disputes of the sixteenth and seventeenth cen-
turies. In 1875 he sold all his collection ex-
cept the much loved books. Shortly before
his death, fearing expropriation [from the
German government], he made up his mind
to sell his library, and after his death (1908)
it became the property of the Library of
Count Baworowski's Foundation in Lemberg,
for 180,000 marks, half the original price, the
rest of its value being considered a gift to
the Polish nation. The library comprised only
7218 volumes but is valued for its unrivalled
completeness in early Polish literature.
Beginning with the March number the
Vyestnik Yevreyeskavo Prosvyeshcheniya
[Messenger of Jewish Knowledge], the or-
gan of the "Obshchestvo Rasprostraneniya
Prosvyeshcheniya mezhdu Yevreyami v Ros-
sii" [Society for Spreading Knowledge among
Jews in Russia], will devote a special section
in each number to the Jewish library world,
the St. Petersburg Library Commission and
that of Moscow co-operating in its publica-
tion. The section will consist of articles on
Jewish libraries of every kind, articles on
library questions in general, lists of all new
books on the Jewish language, Judaica, and
lists of confiscated books. Special attention
will be given to Jewish literature for children.
This periodical is issued in St. Petersburg.
Cracow. The 1913 report of the Biblioteka
Jagiellonska of the city university, printed
in the Polish monthly Ksiaska, shows an
increase of 7,260 volumes in 1912, 6,418 vol-
umes, 2 manuscripts and 2 early printed books,
making a total of 429,355 volumes, 6,448 man-
uscripts, 2,875 rare early printed books, 400
duplicates, 3,257 maps, 9,862 drawings, 4,494
music scores, and 37 medals. In spite of very
limited means (36,000 kronen per year), this
library hopes to become a Polish national
library, as the Polish publishers agreed some
time ago to furnish the library with copies
of every book they printed. Statistics show a
slight increase in the number of readers. In
1912 there were 41,000 readers using 135,819
volumes, with a daily average of 154 readers
and 498 volumes. The administration intends
to open more reading rooms and to lengthen
the hours, keeping the library open from 7 to
9 p. m. It also proposes to have library
courses in Cracow University and that of
Lemberg.
Lemberg. The last report of the Lemberg
University Library was printed in No. 3 of
the Polish Monthly Ksiazka. It records an
increase of 5,505 titles in the library in
7>95O volumes, making a total of 240,000 vol-
umes. Of these 1,644 volumes came as gifts
from the Galician publishers, 1,983 volumes
from institutions and government publica-
tions, and 1,278 from individuals or private
institutions. In 1913, 67,935 readers used
220,317 volumes in the reading rooms, and
8,917 readers called for 17,710 volumes for
outside reading, making a total of 76,852
readers and 237,183 volumes. The increase
in circulation was 1,455, thanks to easier
access to the improved card catalog, and
handy catalog of periodicals and publications
in the library. The University Library of
Lemberg was founded in 1774 by order of
Joseph II, from the books of the confiscated
cloisters of Galicia. In 1848 it was almost
completely destroyed by fire. Its collection
was restored from contributions of dupli-
cates from the Biblioteka Ossolinskich and
the collection of S. Borkowski, so that in
1898 it once more contained 100,000 volumes
and 4,000 manuscripts.
Moscow. It is reported that Tolstoi's
house in the Khamovnicheski Pereulok is to
be preserved in its present state and that upon
the grounds a great library building will be
erected in Tolstoi's memory. This building
will house a library, a museum, and an ele-
mentary school.
Warsaw. The Polish weekly Tygodnik
Illustrowany (No. 24, 1914, p. 467-468) states
that the efforts of the Public Library Society
to open a public library in Warsaw have been
successful. The library now contains 70,000
volumes. Its building was erected by Mrs. E.
Kerbedziowa. The present capacity of the
stack is 300,000 volumes, and it can be enlarged
to hold another 500,000 volumes. To maintain
the library it is estimated that 30,000 rubles
are needed. The society has an assured in-
come of only 6000 rubles from its regular
September, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
721
members, and 1700 rubles from its subscribers,
leaving 22,300 rubles to be raised. The presi-
dent of the library, Antoni Osuchowski, has
asked all Poles to come forward with sub-
scriptions, in order ttiat the library may be
able to work properly. The library will be
known as the Biblioteka Stanislawowstwa
Kerbedziow.
ARGENTINA
Buenos Ayres. Plans have been perfected
for the establishment in the Argentine pav-
ilion at the Panama-Pacific Exposition at San
Francisco, of a library to contain works by
the best known Argentine writers of the past
and present. The Argentine library will be
in charge of experts who can point out to
visitors what kind of literature may serve
special purposes or throw interesting light on
the nation's affairs. Sarmiento, Mitre, Ave-
llaneda, Ameghino, Alberdi, and many other
noted authors will be represented through
their complete works. The Argentine Social
Museum is a prime mover in this library
undertaking. The allied institutions of the
museum are requested to contribute literature
that comes within their special province.
NEW ZEALAND
Ernest J. Bell, librarian of the Canterbury
Public Library at Christchurch, has contrib-
uted an article on "Public libraries in New
Zealand" to the Library Association Record
for April. The total population of New
Zealand in 1911 was estimated to be 1,087,848,
of which number nearly 50,000 are Maoris.
There are only four principal cities, Auck-
land and Wellington in the North Island, and
Christchurch and Dunedin in the South
Island. Besides these cities there are only
seven towns having a population between
8,000 and 16,000, and the most active library
work is done by the four large cities.
The first act providing for the establish-
ment of public libraries was passed in 1869,
which was subsequently modified in 1875 and
1877. In 1884 the first subsidy of £6,000 was
voted, but it was reduced in 1886 to £4,000,
and during the next twelve years no grant
was made. From 1910 to 1912 £4,000 was
available for distribution, usually under the
following method : An addition of £25 is made
to the amount of income of each library, pro-
vided the receipts for the year are not less
than £2, and it is made a condition that the
whole of the subsidy must be spent for books.
The first library conference was held at
Dunedin March 26-29, 1910, and the New
Zealand Library Association was formed.
Subsequent conferences have been held yearly.
Of the principal libraries, that at Welling-
ton was opened in 1893. The reference
library contains about 16,000 volumes, the
lending department 13,000, and the juvenile
library 2,000. There are a number of books
for the blind, and free lectures are given
during the winter. There are two branches
besides the central library and free access
has been adopted in all buildings. The
library is controlled by the city council, and
is supported by a tax of 1-14 d. in the £ on
unimproved value of land, yielding about
£2,300 per annum.
The Auckland Library was originally pri-
vate, and known as the Mechanics' Institute.
It was opened to the public in 1880, and was
the first in the Dominion to be supported by
taxation. The cornerstone of the present
building was laid in 1885. The library has
several fine collections of books and paintings,
and has three branches. There are 34,534
volumes in the reference collection and 14,884
for circulation. The tax rate is J^ d. in the £
and yields about £1,700 annually.
The Christchurch Library had its origin in
a mechanics' institute and library which was
opened August 4, 1859. In 1869 its name
was changed to the Christchurch Literary
Institute, and in 1873 its control was given
over to the board of governors of Canter-
bury College. The library receives all its
income from various endowment funds, re-
ceiving over £2,000 each year. The reference
library has about 20,000 volumes, the lending-
library 30,000, and the juvenile 2,000. Free
access has been adopted in all departments.
The reference library is classified on the
Dewey system, and the lending library is
being reclassified on the same system.
The Dunedin Public Library is one of the
latest, having been built with Carnegie funds
at a cost of over £10,000. The newspaper
and magazine room was opened in 1908, the
reference library in 1909, children's room in
1910, and adult lending library in 1911. Card-
charging and safeguarded open access are
used in the adult department, and free access
in the children's room. The library is con-
trolled by the city council and is supported
by a tax of I d. in the £, yielding annually
about £2,400. The reference department has
6,734 volumes, the circulating 11,134, and the
juvenile 2,305.
A fact worthy of notice is that only trained
librarians are being appointed to the librarian-
ships, and in general salaries, both for libra-
rians and assistants, are higher than in Eng-
land, while hours of service average about 44
per week.
LIBRARY WORK
Notes of developments in all branches of library activity, particularly as shown in current
library literature.
General
History of Library Economy
LIBRARY BIOGRAPHY
E. W. B. Nicholson (Bodley's librarian,
1882-1912) : in memoriam. Henry R. Tedder.
Lib. Assn. Rec., Mr., 1914. p. 95-108.
Read at the annual meeting of the Library
Association at Bournemouth in 1913.
Edward William Byron Nicholson was born
at St. Helier, Jersey, Mar. 16, 1849. He
graduated from Trinity College at Oxford
where he won several prizes. While at Ox-
ford he was honorary librarian of the Oxford
Union Society in 1872-73. He was a hard
reader at Oxford and took part in all univer-
sity sports. He was not unsocial, but did not
make many friends.
In 1873 he was appointed librarian of the
London Institution, where in spite of much op-
position he entirely reorganized the library and
greatly improved the lending library.
After the organization of the American Li-
brary Association in 1876, Mr. Nicholson in
several articles urged the advisability of a
similar meeting in London, and in April, 1877,
invited the principal librarians of the city to
meet at the London Library. It was then
resolved to hold a conference in the autumn,
and an influential organizing committee, with
Mr. Nicholson as secretary, was appointed.
The Library Association of the United King-
dom was formed at this conference, with Mr.
Nicholson as one of the secretaries, an office
which he resigned in 1878.
On the death of Dr. Coxe, the Bodleian li-
brarian, the curators decided to select a li-
brarian of a new type, and after much search
and deliberation appointed Mr. Nicholson.
"Perhaps a cyclone was wanted to bring
freshness into the air of Bodley, but probably
no one looked forward to a cyclone which
lasted thirty years."
In the first five years he was in office,
some of the chief events were an increase in
the staff, the introduction of boy-labor, a new
code of cataloging rules, the development of
the subject catalog as well as of the shelf -
classification of printed books, improvements
in the methods of binding books, manuscripts,
and music, the incorporation of minor collec-
tions and the dispersal of certain donation-
collections, much increase in the facilities
for readers, and the establishment of a course
of instruction in palaeography. A plan to re-
organize the library's collection of coins and
medals, second only to that of the British
Museum, was also one of his achievements.
He was always a zealous champion of the
honor and dignity of Bodley, but while his
methods were often successful he was not
popular among his fellow dons. The under-
ground storeroom, with a capacity of over a
million volumes, which was opened nine
months after his death, was planned by him.
He was always ambitious of distinction in
letters, and his literary productions were many
and diverse, but his success was not conspicu-
ous. He had the qualifications of scholarship,
untiring industry, originality, a ready pen, a
clear style; but everything he wrote was
cramped by his anxiety to be thorough and
exact in the wrong place and by his micro-
scopic attention to unimportant detail.
Though muscular he was not constitutionally
strong. For the last year or two his powers
failed, and he died in harness Mar. 17, 1912,
having been Bodley's librarian rather more
than thirty years. He was a born fighter,
more of a driver than a leader, more notable
for character than for pure intellect. He had
enemies, but even these recognized his noble
aims, his conscientiousness, his untiring en-
ergy, and his devotion to the library and the
university. Extremely self-centered and con-
vinced of the soundness of his own opinions,
he yet had an almost tremulous desire to be
perfectly fair. At Oxford he led a solitary
life, wrapped up in official cares and private
studies; in his domestic circle he was a
devoted husband and an affectionate father.
Biographical sketches of librarians and bib-
liographers : II. William Frederick Poole, 1821-
1894. William I. Fletcher. Bull. Bibl., Ap.,
1914. p. 30-31.
Dr. Poole was born in Salem, Mass., Dec.
24, 1821. He graduated from Yale in 1849,
having spent three years teaching to earn his
tuition and other expenses. While in college
he was librarian of a leading literary society,
and in his junior year published the first edi-
tion of his Index. He became librarian of
the Boston Mercantile Library in 1851, and
published the second edition of the Index in
1853. He was librarian of the Boston Athe-
naeum from 1856 to 1868, then after a year
September, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
723
spent as organizer of several important new
libraries, among them the Cincinnati Public
Library, became the librarian of the latter in
1869, leaving it in 1873 to take charge of the
nascent Public Library of Chicago, where he
stayed fourteen years. From there he went
to the organization of the Newberry Library
of Chicago, where he spent his closing years.
Dr. Poole was one of the founders of the
A. L. A., in 1876, and was its second presi-
dent. With the co-operation of about fifty col-
laborators, a new edition of the Index was
prepared, appearing in 1882 in a royal octavo
af 1442 pages. Dr. Poole himself did a large
share of the work on this volume and on the
first 5-year supplement, issued in 1887.
Dr. Poole was truly a pioneer in librarian-
ship. His work was largely done at a time
when there were no accepted standards or
methods in the profession, and he was recog-
nized as a leader in the development of li-
brary work. While a leader in the newer
[ibrarianship, which lays stress on the utiliza-
tion of books, he was an "old-fashioned libra-
rian" in the sense that he had an intense love
for books as literature and for bibliography,
[n this way Iibrarianship was to him a fine
irt, and he had little interest in tendencies to
make it a technical pursuit.
He wrote many articles, chiefly on Ameri-
:an history. In 1882 he received his doctor's
degree from Northwestern University, and in
[887 he was elected president of the Ameri-
:an Historical Association. In 1893 he was
:hairman of the committee on literary con-
gresses at the World's Columbian Exposition,
md his friends felt that his work on this
:ommittee hastened his death, which occurred
vlarch i, 1894.
Scope, Usefulness, Founding
Library as an Educator
VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE
The library and vocational training. Pub.
Libs., Ap., 1914. p. 161-163.
Extracts from an address by Miss Mary
E. Hall before the New York teachers. The
irst point made was the need of vocational
guidance through the library. Many boys and
jirls leave the elementary schools before they
ire mentally, morally, or physically fitted for
vork, because they lack guidance and because
:heir interest is not held. An organized ef-
fort is now being made to bring together the
:mployer and the would-be employes from the
ichools.
The aim of vocational guidance is to help
:ach student find what is for him the best pos-
sible work. Miss Hall dealt with methods, and
explained the duties of a "vocational counsel-
lor." He may be a specially trained person
who has made a study of the various occu-
pations of the city and is in a position to give
advice and information to teachers and parents
and the pupils themselves. In most schools
a teacher does this, though in some cities
vocational bureaus have been established and
in others employment bureaus are maintained
by the schools or by the chambers of com-
merce.
Miss Hall suggested that the librarian (i)
read the best opinions on the work; (2) see
what local work is being done along this line
and how best the library can help; (3) gather
in one place all the literature the library has
on the subject, clippings as well as books, with
a card index to the material ; (4) have special
shelves for teachers, others for pupils, group-
ing books to suit their interests; (5) use the
bulletin board to stimulate interest in good
biographical material; (6) organize clubs
among the pupils and encourage debates and
lectures on different occupations; and (7) do
constant personal work with the boys and
girls.
Library in Relation to Schools
WORK WITH SCHOOLS
The July number of the Quarterly Bulletin
of the Jacksonville Public Library enumerates
the following methods by which the library
helps the schools :
"It provides classroom libraries of books
suitable for home circulation from the schools.
"It provides supplementary school readers in
sets of thirty-five copies for school work.
"It grants the principal the privilege of se-
lecting school duplicate collections of 100, 200
and 300 books.
"It grants a special card to all teachers,
which allows them the privilege of withdraw-
ing twenty-five books for a long period of
time.
"It circulates pictures from its picture collec-
tion; and mimeograph copies of poems and
essays for school work.
"It compiles reading lists for the children,
study lists for the teachers and reference lists
for the students.
"And it stands ever ready to help the teacher
to solve all of those problems which arise in
her daily work."
Library Extension Work
LANTERN SLIDES
Mr. F. W. Faxon describes in the Bulletin
of Bibliography for April, 1914, his method
724
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[September, 1914
of keeping his collection of lantern slides in
order. A water-color stripe is painted on the
edge of the black paper binding of the slides,
different colors being used at different dis-
tances from the center of the slide to desig-
nate different countries or classes. If a slide
is upside down or reversed the break in the
color line shows it at once, and prevents the
picture going wrong on the screen.
Library Development and Co-operation
CO-OPERATION BETWEEN LIBRARIES
The Public Affairs Information Service.
John A. Lapp. Spec. Libs., Je., 1914. p. 86-88.
Much official and unofficial literature in
support and opposition is produced on every
public question. No single library is equipped
to cover more than a small part of the sources
of information on the questions with which it
deals. Many agencies supply the needs of the
general library, and they are useful to the
special library also, but since the special li-
brary begins where the general library leaves
off, much additional research must be done.
Hence in June, 1913, a number of special li-
brarians meeting at Kaaterskill decided to
undertake a plan of co-operation. Fifty insti-
tutions have been enrolled, many of them are
co-operating effectively, and a system of ex-
change has been developed. Headquarters
are with the Indiana Bureau of Legislation,
whose staff volunteered their services for the
first year. Each institution pays $25, which is
used for postage, stenographic hire, etc. Up
to May i, 1914, thirty-six bulletins had been
issued, containing about 1800 first-class refer-
ences.
Particular attention has been paid to state
and municipal legislation and administration.
Legislative investigations are closely followed,
and so far as possible municipal investiga-
tions and special reports of city clubs, com-
mercial clubs, boards of trade, and other civic
and trade bodies dealing with public affairs.
The most prolific source of information is
the national, international, and local associa-
tions and organizations in the fields of social
science, political and economic science, busi-
ness, industry, and public affairs. The reports
and studies which these organizations issue
are the most definite, concrete, and usable ma-
terial coming into the library. Other sources
of information will be covered as soon as
possible.
To make the enterprise independent and
self-supporting, some conclusions are sub-
mitted :
i. Since the co-operative method of getting
information has been only partly successful,
it is proposed to raise the subscription to $50,
with credit of one dollar (up to twenty-five)
for every acceptable item contributed.
2. The subscribers should be divided into
two classes, to allow the smaller libraries to
receive service at a lower cost.
3. The bulletins should be issued on cards
that may be filed.
4. An independent staff should be engaged
to give all its time to the work.
Founding, Developing and Maintaining
Interest
CO-OPERATION FROM DOCTORS
During the year in co-operation with a com-
mittee of the Kent County Medical Society,
the Grand Rapids Public Library prepared a
list of all the periodicals taken by the physi-
cians in the city so far as this was possible.
More than 100 doctors reported and from
these the library listed on cards, under the
name of each periodical, the names of all per-
sons taking it. This directory is filed in the
medical reading room and the doctors are
planning to publish it for the benefit of the
medical profession. The work was done by
the catalog department. At the time of mak-
ing up the list 49 medical periodicals were on
file. In addition to the periodicals taken by
the library there are 84 medical periodicals
taken by physicians, so that there are available
for students in Grand Rapids 133 current
medical publications.
Library Buildings
Fixtures, Furniture, Fittings
LIBRARY FURNITURE
Discipline and furniture. W. E. Henry.
Pub. Libs., Je., 1914. p. 238-241.
The writer, librarian of the University of
Washington at Seattle, has designed a sta-
tionary table and chair that isolates the reader
and at the same time economizes space. The
tables are 36x40 inches, with a partition
across the surface giving each reader 36x20
inches. The chairs, which are more like
benches, are made back to back, and chairs
and tables are ranged in rows, with a 2-foot
aisle on either side. A diagram giving all
dimensions accompanies the article.
Government and Service
Executive Librarian
QUALIFICATIONS FOR A LIBRARIAN
The backs of books. William Warner Bishop.
Bull, of the N. Y. P. L., Jl., 1914. p. 677-681.
An address at the commencement exercises
of the Library School of the New York Pub-
lic Library.
September, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
725
One important difference between the
graduates of a library school and of an ordi-
nary school or college, is that while the latter
have been busy gathering from books the
theory and training they will soon begin to
exercise, the former have been learning how
to handle books in masses for the benefit of
other people. What has been gained in theory
is to be applied in practice to the very ma-
terial from which the theory has been
evolved.
The chief defect of our American libraries
is, perhaps, the exaltation of method over con-
tent. "How far may a librarian actually re-
call the titles of books, much less know their
contents? ... I once asked my honored
friend Mr. Anderson H. Hopkins, then assist-
ant librarian of the John Crerar Library, how
far he was personally familiar with the books
in that institution — I knew they had all passed
through his hands (for the library was then
new), and that he had a very retentive mem-
ory, but I was hardly prepared to hear him
say that up to the first sixty thousand vol-
umes purchased he could recall practically
every title, but that above that number he
began to lose track of the accessions. . . .
Such men as Dr. Spofford and Mr. David
Hutcheson of the Library of Congress doubt-
less knew intimately several times that num-
ber."
The older choice libraries of about one
hundred thousand volumes were probably
pretty well held in mind by their directors.
Not that they had all been read, but they
were known well enough to help others get
what they wanted out of them. It should not
be forgotten that this knowledge is one of
method as much as of the books themselves.
It is the librarian's familiarity with classifi-
cation and cataloging that makes for speed
and accuracy.
The librarian must not content himself with
knowing only the backs of books, else his
mind "will be an intellectual rag-bag after
ten years." Some intensive work along some
line involving study should be done, for even
a small specialty, well cultivated, is worth
vastly more than the mere knowledge ac-
quired. The very fact of intensive study
keeps the student in touch with methods and
men, and is an admirable corrective to the
scattering tendencies of librarianship. The
leaders of the profession in America, such
men as Justin Winsor, Dr. J. K. Hosmer,
Dr. Reuben Gold Thwaites, Dr. Poole, and
Dr. John Shaw Billings, all attained to pro-
ductive scholarship, while being at the same
time good administrators of large libraries.
Rules for Readers
Readers' Qualifications
REGISTRATION
In an attempt to discover why about one-
half of the new borrowers of the St. Louis
Public Library fail to re-register, the library
during the past year sent out the following
communication to one thousand former bor-
rowers :
"In going over our files we find that your
reader's-card, which expired more than two
years ago, has never been renewed. We
should be much pleased to have you use the
library again. With a view to the improve-
ment of our service we are anxious to learn
the reasons why some of our readers discon-
tinue their use of the library. Kindly reply
on the attached card, checking the items that
apply in your case or adding others if neces-
sary."
On the reply card attached were questions
covering the following: Removal from city;
inconvenience of location; failure to get de-
sired books ; attitude of assistants ; lack of
time; use of another library; and blank spaces
for other reasons.
The 1913-14 report thus summarizes the re-
sult of the investigation:
"Of the thousand persons to whom cards were
sent the postoffice was unable to find 389.
The assumption is that the majority of these
have died or have removed from the city.
To the 611 cards that were delivered there
were only 108 replies. The 503 persons who
failed to answer are presumably indifferent,
or if they are dissatisfied with the library ser-
vice they do not care to make it known. Of
the 108 who replied, a few giving more than
one reason, 25 had removed from the city; 14
said our location was inconvenient; 10 re-
ported failure to get desired books; 39 plead-
ed lack of time; 4 were using another libra-
ry; 7 had died, and 23 gave various other
reasons. None found fault with the attitude
of the staff. Some of the miscellaneous rea-
sons assigned were 'ill health'; 'buying own
books' ; 'reading only magazines' ; 'dislike shelf
arrangement' ; 'too much picture-show' ; and
'too many steps to climb to enter building'."
Hours of Opening
LIBRARY HOURS
A long delayed duty. Pub. Libs., Je., 1914.
p. 248.
Editorial, advocating the opening of libra-
ries in towns of 15,000 inhabitants, both even-
ings and Sundays, even if necessary to close
them mornings to procure the necessary funds.
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[September, 1914
Reference Use
SIMPLIFYING LIBRARY SYSTEM
Library heresies. Sarah B. Askew. Pub.
Libs., May, 1914- P- 191-196.
A paper read before the New York State
Library Association at Lake George, September
26, 1913, and presenting in a breezy way a
plea for greater simplicity in the numbering
and arrangement of books on the shelves,
and in preparation and filing of catalog cards,
so that much of the confusion now felt by
the general public when confronted with an
up-to-date catalog and shelving arrangement
may be eliminated. There is also a warning
to those librarians who are disposed to take
up too many kinds of social work, lest they
neglect the work of the library itself. Of
personal qualifications Miss Askew says, "It
is no one's duty to change their disposition or
their habits to suit their work. If we find we
have got to change our personality to fit our
work, don't let's do it. Let's change our
work." Further, "I do not believe the 'pro-
nouncement' that we must bring to every
man, woman and child the book belonging to
him, means always to give him a book on his
trade. . . . It is a higher thing to go
beyond that and give to him the book that
will teach him the spirit of citizenship."
Administration
General. Executive
PROCESS SLIPS, OR "TRAVELERS"
The Bulletin of Bibliography for April, 1914,
describes the use of the process slip in the Pub-
lic Library of the District of Columbia and in
Cambridge, Mass., which adapted its slip from
the one used in Washington. When the new
books are received, one of these slips, with
blank spaces for the recording of information,
is put into each one, and the slip stays with the
book till every process has been completed and
recorded.
Treatment of Special Material
LOCAL HISTORY MATERIAL
The duty of the public library in relation to
local literature and bibliography. William Pol-
litt. Lib. Assn. Record, Mr., 1914. p. 119-126.
The public library movement in England
might be divided into three periods: (i) justi-
fication, (2) progression, and (3) systematiza-
tion. So at the present time book collection is
replaced by book selection, and extension of re-
sources is largely replaced by systematization
of material already on hand. Classification,
cataloging, bibliographical work and the com-
piling of indexes to periodicals have been high-
ly developed. One department, however, that
of local history, is apt to be neglected.
The local collection is often simply a muse-
um of miscellaneous material, seldom arranged
in definite order. Considering that for matters
of local importance the public library is the
first and last hope, the collection should be
cared for in the most efficient way possible.
While catalog entries of local material should
be in the general catalog, there should also be
kept a separate catalog, which could be used as
the basis of a local bibliography which every
library should try to make. A reasonable num-
ber of analyticals should be included in this
catalog. Just as libraries engage special assis-
tants for classification and cataloging work, so
there should be one for local historical and
bibliographical work.
PICTURES
The Haverhill mounted picture collection.
John G. Moulton. Bull. Bibl., Ap., 1914. p.
32-33-
This collection was begun in 1900 when the
periodical called Masters in Art gave inex-
pensive but worthy reproductions of great
paintings. After some experimenting it was
found that "seconds" of mounting card, 22 x
28 inches, could be bought in quantity at
about $3.25 per hundred. Each sheet is cut
into four parts, 11x14, and cutting costs
about 40 cents per hundred, making each
mount cost about 4-5 of a cent. The best
weight is lo-ply, the best color for black and
white photographs and half-tones is steel or
ash gray, and for carbon photographs and
colored prints, buff or brown. Paste is made
from a prepared powder used in shoe fac-
tories, costing 50 cents for five pounds. All
pictures are mounted well and permanently.
Popular subjects are chosen, such as repro-
ductions of paintings and sculpture, por-
traits, pictures of places, animals, birds, flow-
ers, trees, articles of commerce and science,
and illustrations of trades and occupations.
Expensive photographs are not used. Many
pictures are cut from duplicate magazines and
discarded books, and Perry pictures and simi-
lar prints, post-cards, and portfolios of local
views collected on vacation trips, are used.
The pictures are stored upright on wooden
shelves 14^ inches wide. Each shelf is di-
vided into pigeon-holes 12 x 4^ inches, and
pictures are crowded in rather closely. The
pictures are numbered in one corner of the
back and the pigeon-holes are labeled. Pic-
tures of paintings are arranged alphabetically
by artists. Portraits, when the artist is un-
known, are arranged alphabetically by the
person, and with the portraits are grouped all
September, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
727
pictures associated with the subject and his
work. All other pictures are classified by the
decimal system.
The collection has proved to be practical,
useful and popular, but it requires much care
and is rather expensive, as to be really effi-
cient it must be large and constantly growing.
Accession
BOOK SELECTION
Vain pursuits and their relation to public
libraries. Arthur J. Hawkes. Lib. Asst., Mr.,
1914. p. 45-51.
The question discussed is : Should public
libraries spend large sums of money in the
purchase of literature to assist dilettante re-
search? Within this category the author in-
cludes all books relating to the collecting
hobbies, whether stamps, china, prints, or fur-
niture. On the hypothesis that "the success
of the public library movement is to be meas-
ured in terms of community, not individual
value," he concludes that only such books
should be purchased as are likely to increase
the value of the community. He maintains
that the pursuit of the above-mentioned hob-
A letter giving the results of a comparison
of Scribner's, Harpers, and the Century maga-
zines for four months, with a view to dis-
covering their relative worth. The conclusion
is that Harper's leads in fiction, with Century
second. Almost a fifth of the pages of Scrib-
ner's are devoted to travel, while the Century
leads in sociological articles. Harper's had a
half-dozen articles that might be called history
or reminiscence. In art and literature, in ad-
dition to the Easy Chair, Harper's had one
article, the Century six, and Scribner's, be-
sides its monthly Field of Art, four. The
proportion of articles by well known writer^
was about the same in the three periodicals.
LOOSE-LEAF ACCESSION BOOK
The library of the Rochester Theological
Seminary uses a loose-leaf accession book of
its own design. The accompanying diagram
shows the arrangement of the page. The de-
scription is given in the librarian's own words :
"We use for accessioning an L. C. Smith &
Bros, model 3, that writes a 12^-inch line.
The sample page [iol/2 x 14 inches] is i-io of
an inch too long, making it necessary to use
LIBRARY OF ROCHESTER THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY
Acces-
sion No.
Dept.
Author Title Place Publisher Date
Date of
Source invo;ce
Cost
bies, while giving pleasure to the individual,
are barren of profit to the community at large
and so should not be served by a community
institution. Again, an enormous amount of
historical literature of little practical value,
accumulates in the public libraries, and its
"constant re-writing ... by graduates of
quite indifferent abilities, who find it an easy
road to a pseudo reputation, is becoming a
public nuisance." Though libraries, like edu-
cation, are not directly productive, yet it is
held reasonable to expect that their results
should be commensurate with the money spent
upon them, and when discrimination between
two books becomes necessary, the one most
likely to create a new value to the community
at large, should be chosen.
MAGAZINES
Current magazines. Wm. H. Powers.
Libs., Je., 1914- P- 245-247.
Pub.
the 'margin release' key to write the last figure
of the price. We shall remedy this mistake
when we print next time. We find the advan-
tages to be that we have a much lighter book
to handle; that two or more persons can be
working on the book at the same time (one or
more writing and one or more using for other
purposes) ; that accessioning can be done much
more rapidly than by hand, even with only one
working; but if one dictated and another
wrote, while a third assistant numbered, it
would seem that all possible demands for
speed could be met; that the work is much
neater than by hand ; that different persons can
accession without changing the appearance of
the book (especially valuable during vacation
periods) ; that the cost for a 10,000 entry equip-
ment was just about the same as for a bound
book, and would be less if more pages were
printed at one time ; to this cost will have to be
added, sometime, the cost of a permanent bind-
728
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[September, 1914
ing. This was an experiment with us, but it
is working well so far. If any other library is
using a satisfactory form for this purpose, an
exchange of experiences may result in the evo-
lution of the ideal form."
Cataloging
TlME REQUIRED FOR CATALOGING
The head of the cataloging department of
the Grand Rapids Public Library last spring
gathered certain data which might enable the
library to determine more accurately the time
required for cataloging. This does not in-
clude the time for classification. The data is
interesting in showing the average number of
minutes per book each month during the year.
The lowest average for one person for catalog-
ing fiction and non-fiction was 10 minutes per
book; for non-fiction alone 21 minutes per
book; and for fiction alone, 4 minutes per
book. This was for the Ryerson building.
For some of the branch libraries, where the
cataloging is wholly in the nature of duplicat-
ing work, the average was as low as 3 minutes
per book.
GROWTH OF A CARD CATALOG
In the Grand Rapids Public Library a study
of the rate of growth of the official card cata-
log by letters has been made, in order to get
a better idea of how to distribute the cards in
planning for the future, inasmuch as the shift-
ing of cards, if the growth is uneven, involves
considerable extra labor. For a year the head
of the department measured every three
months the growth of the official catalog by
letter. The growth during the year was 140
inches. The following shows the growth in
inches or fraction of an inch in each letter of
the alphabet:
C-io P-6 J-3 E-y2
S-9 A-5 N-3 Q-y4
M-8 W-5 U-3 Y-y4
B-7 L-4 1-2 X-o
G-6y2 F-M O-2 Z-o
D-6 T-3H V-iy2
Where the gain was less than % inch it was
ignored.
INDEXES.
The Index Office of Chicago is about to
undertake, for subscribers, the preparation
and publication of a card index to the orig-
inal articles in the following dermatological
journals: Archiv f. Dermatologie, Wien, 3
nos. a year; in 1913: 41 articles; Dermatolo-
gische Zeitschrift, Hamburg, monthly ; in 1913 :
31 articles; British Journal of Dermatology,
London, monthly; in 1913: 20 articles; to-
gether with articles on dermatology and
syphilis, selected by Dr. Frederick G. Harris,
of Chicago, from a number of general med-
ical journals. Briefer notes and transactions
of medical societies reported in these jour-
nals will not be indexed for the present.
The work will be done by Dr. Audrey Goss, an
expert medical indexer, formerly medical
reference librarian of the John Crerar
Library, now bibliographer of Surgery, Gyne-
cology and Obstetrics, The thoroughness
and reliability of the work can therefore be
guaranteed. Cards will be made on the multi-
graph. Each card, in addition to the name of
the author and the title of the article recorded,
with reference to name, volume, page and
date of the journal, will contain correct index
headings for filing the cards by subjects. It
is estimated that about 300 articles will be
indexed annually. Orders may be given for
(i) two cards for each article, or (2) one
card for each index heading, with or with-
out an additional card for an author index.
Careful calculation of all elements of cost
involved shows that, if 20 subscriptions are
received, the cards can be sold at 2l/2 cents
each; if 25 or more, at 2 cents. For the
present it will not be feasible to deliver cards
for selected subjects or in any quantity less
than the total number currently issued. A
minimum deposit of $10 will be accepted and
will be credited to the subscriber's name, and
cards will be delivered in weekly instalments
as printed, until the deposit is exhausted.
Subscribers will be notified of the depletion
of their deposits in ample time for renewal
without interruption of the service. The
index will begin with the issues for January,
1914.
Loan Department
DELIVERY BY TROLLEY
A note in The Librarian for June says that
Brighton (Eng.) ratepayers who borrow
books from the public library can now have
them delivered at their own doors by tramcar
for one penny. The borrower gives the book
he has read and his library ticket to the con-
ductor of any tram, together with the fee.
The book is then conveyed to an office at a
central point of the system, whence it is
taken to the library and changed. The new
book is then handed to the conductor and
the system repeated.
WEARING COST OF BOOKS
The Carnegie Free Library of BraddocK-
Pa., in its annual report for 1913, gives som*
interesting figures on the wearing cost ox
books. During the year the library accessioned
September, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
729
5936 books for Braddock proper, and withdrew
4857. Of the accessions, 4226 were in the school
duplicate collection, while 3575 of the books
withdrawn were in the same class.
"These school duplicates cost an average of
27 cents each. The average cost of the regular
library books is a little over a dollar. Book
bills paid for the year amounted to $3336.40,
while $734.88 was spent for periodicals. As-
suming that all the books in the library are
in as good condition at the end of the year as
they were at the beginning of the year, it fol-
lows that by dividing the entire circulation for
the year by the number of books worn out,
we will arrive at the actual wearing life of the
books. Thus, 3575 school duplicates actually
worn out circulated 146,000 times, an average
of 41 times per book. By the same process ot
division, we learn that the 1618 library books
actually worn out by circulating 203,000 times
had been used 125 times each. The school
duplicates are never rebound, as they are often
too much soiled to be worth rebinding, and,
costing but 27 cents, a new one can be bought
for less than the cost of rebinding. Nearly all
of the regular library books are rebound once,
and the life of the book is more than doubled
thereby. If a child's book cost 27 cents and
circulates 41 times, the actual book cost is less
than three-fourths of a cent per circulation.
An adult book costs a dollar, and the rebinding
of it costs 50 cents, and it circulates 125 times ;
the cost is therefore one and one-fifth cents
per circulation. Thus, while the book destruc-
tion seems enormous, when the number of
books worn out is considered in connection
with the service each individual book has ren-
dered, the cost is insignificant.
"In this calculation, it will be noted, the
entire wearing loss is charged to the circula-
tion of books for home use, no account being
taken of the wear of the thousands of books
that are used in the reference department and
in the reading rooms of the library and
branches."
Binding and Repair
BINDING
In the bindery maintained by the St. Louis
Public Library, the volumes bound from
May, 1913, to April, 1914, according to the last
report, numbered 20,581, at an estimated value,
according to the schedule in effect with out-
side binders, of $9,609. The job work, includ-
ing the making of magazine binders, cutting
paper and cardboard, etc., and the lettering of
books received from publishers with unlet-
tered backs, added $293.00 to that amount,
making the estimated worth of the year's
work $9,902.00. The operating expense, in-
cluding salaries of binders ($7,176.00), bind-
ing supplies ($1,227.00), and allowance for
gas, light, power and deterioration of the plant
($108.00) totaled $8,511.00, which shows a
saving to the library of $1,391.00 in the year.
This does not take into account the improved
wearing quality of binding and materials em-
ployed. In addition to the work done by the
library bindery, 3,652 volumes were bound by
outside binders at an actual cost of $1,968.00,
making in all 24,233 volumes bound at an ac-
tual cost of $10,479.00. Very little binding is
sent to outside binders now, and the library
bindery will soon be able to do all the work.
Libraries on Special Subjects
SPECIAL LIBRARIES
The business library. D. N. Handy and
Guy E. Marion. System, Jl., 1914. p. 96-99.
Special libraries have recently been installed
by business houses, and this article, after giv-
ing a few general suggestions .for their estab-
lishment, is made up of reproductions of pho-
tographs showing methods used in various
business libraries for the care of clippings
and pamphlets, "carding" correspondence, fil-
ing magazines and tabulating samples.
The evolution of the special library. John
Cotton Dana. Spec. Libs., My., 1914. p.
70-76.
Libraries of a sort have existed since the
first clay tablets were baked. After the in-
vention of printing books became more com-
mon, but were still regarded as intended only
for the use of the upper classes. The "real
books," in the opinion of the educated, were
the literary masterpieces, including all the
older Greek and Latin writings, books about
these classics, and books on religious sub-
jects.
When the public library movement took
form in this country in 1876, the field of li-
brary book collection had widened to cover all
kinds of writings, though it might not be
thought proper to admit every reader to their
use. The librarian was inclined to think his
collections were intended for the learned
rather than the learner, and the community at
large considered them rather exclusively de-
signed for those reared to use them.
These views were gradually broadened
through the great increase of printed mat-
ter and of the number of subjects taught in
schools and colleges, and through the rapid
growth of the reading habit among women and
children.
The increase of print is marked in new
book production, in periodical literature, in
730
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[September, 1914
the publications of public institutions and pri-
vate associations, and in the wide field of ad-
vertising. In spite of all that is reported in
print of things done, projects planned, tests
made, and results reached, much escapes or is
unknown to him who can use it to advantage.
Besides this constant piling-up of concrete
facts, there is another mass of information on
social service and government activities, and
on the literature of science and the arts.
While the library should very properly con-
tinue to serve the student, the child, and the
inquiring woman, the industrialist, the investi-
gator, the scientist, and the social service
worker, must also be served. The difference
in the amount of material and the difference
in the length of time it remains useful, make
a wise method of administration difficult to
find. In the past attention has been paid
chiefly to the careful description, indexing,
and preservation of material. Now the prob-
lem arises of how to handle the print which
is useful and yet ephemeral.
"Select the best books, list them elaborately,
save them forever — was the sum of the li-
brarians' creed of yesterday. To-morrow it
must be, select a few of the best books and
keep them, as before, but also, select from the
vast.flood of print the things your constituency
will find helpful, make them available with a
minimum of expense, and discard them as
soon as their usefulness is past"
The Special Libraries Association came into
being when a few large enterprises found it
advantageous to have a skilled person devote
his whole time to gathering and arranging
material bearing on their special lines of work.
At that time the Newark Public Library was
developing its business branch, and it was at
the suggestion of that library and that of
the Merchants' Association of New York that
invitations were sent out to the librarians for
these business houses, suggesting a conference
at Bretton Woods, in July 1909. The name
"Special Libraries" was chosen as distinguish-
ing from the older order of libraries those
institutions which realize how ephemeral in
value is much of the present printed material
and frankly adopt the new library creed of
selection, immediate use, and rejection when
usefulness is past.
The association began with about 30 mem-
bers, within a year there were over 70, and
in two years 125. In January, 1910, the pub-
lication of a monthly journal, Special Libra-
ries, was begun, which has already published
35 numbers with a total of over 400 pages.
The public library, like the special library,
should equip itself to handle a vast amount of
ephemerally useful material, and by its meth-
ods should suggest to large business institu-
tions how helpful they would find similar work
in their own fields. As to suggestions on
the selection of material, co-operation is al-
ready being tried. The Public Affairs Infor-
mation Service, under the direction of Mr.
John A. Lapp, has established a co-operative
service with a membership including both li-
brarians and individuals. In Boston a bureau
of general information has been organized by
several libraries, with a central office in the
Public Library, and the League of American
Municipalities has long had in view a plan
for establishing a central municipal bureau
which should gather notes on the activities of
all our large cities.
BANKING LIBRARIES
The library of the American Bankers' As-
sociation. Marian R. Glenn. Spec. Libs.,
May, 1914. p. 78-80.
The Association includes in its membership
national, state, private, and savings banks, trust
companies, and clearing houses. To answer
the questions of these varied interests, a li-
brary and reference department was created
in 1911. This department also serves the
American Institute of Banking, with 14,000
students. The traveling loan collection is the
most important feature of the library. Press
clippings, financial periodicals, proceedings of
bankers' associations, pamphlets, etc., provide
most of the material.
Legal size vertical files hold the material
alphabetically arranged by subject, with num-
erous subdivisions, and with cross-references
attached to the guide cards. Clippings are
mounted on manila cards 7^6 x g]/2 inches,
punched to be made up into loose-leaf books if
necessary. Periodical excerpts and small
pamphlets are placed in manila covers, and
clippings of only temporary interest are kept
in envelopes. Small red metal "vise signals"
are attached to articles to which reference is
made from some general subject.
A collection of bank advertisements and one
of bank pictures are much used. The library
now includes about 2000 books, which must
eventually be largely augmented to permit
specialization on certain subjects. Both bound
and unbound periodicals and proceedings are
card-indexed for leading articles and statis-
tics, and analytical made for many.
The decimal classification devised for the
library covers the general subjects Money,
Banking, Credit, Exchange, Economics, In-
vestment, Agriculture and industry, Trade and
transportation, and Public finance. The ooo
class is allotted to general reference books,
government documents are classed with pub-
September, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
731
lie finance, and one class has been left for the
possible accession of a collection of books
on banking law. An official monthly publica-
tion, the Journal-Bulletin, keeps members of
the association informed of the library's re-
sources.
General Libraries
For Special Classes — Children
CHILDREN, WORK WITH
In the 1913 report of the librarian
of the Chicago Historical Society is a descrip-
tion of the establishment by the society of
children's lectures on Chicago history con-
forming to the course of study in the public
schools. At first the lecturers went to the
schools, but since April all lectures have been
given in the society's lecture hall, and the mu-
seum collections were thrown open to the
children each afternoon. At present the sal-
ary of the lecturer and the cost of the hun-
dreds of lantern slides required for the proper
visualizating of the subject of Chicago, are be-
ing borne by a single member of the society,
and it is possible to include but 120 of the 300
schools, each of these receiving twenty dele-
gates' tickets. These were given to pupils in
the eighth grade, who were expected to report
on the lectures in class. The lecturer chosen
was Mrs. Mary Ridpath Mann, who divided
the subject into four parts: First — Period of
exploration and settlement, from Father Mar-
quette to the building of old Fort Dearborn,
1673-1803. Second — Period of settlement,
1804-1837. Third — Growth and expansion,
1837-1871. Fourth — Rebuilding, 1871 to the
present. Each Chicago lecture is given on four
successive Saturdays, thirty principals of
schools being each week invited by letter to
appoint twenty delegates, tickets for whom, to-
gether with an acknowledgment postal, are
sent. The color of the ticket is changed each
month in order that unused tickets may not be
accumulated and used at later lectures, there-
by causing overcrowding. In this way each
school is reached every fourth week and the
course completed in four months. Letters to
principals relative to second and successive lec-
tures contain a statement of the number of
delegates credited to his school at the pre-
ceding lecture.
Developing a children's room. Marian Cut-
ter. Pub. Libs., Je., 1914. p. 242-245.
Furniture and arrangement of rooms are
not discussed, but consideration is given to
the books to be chosen, the best way of pre-
senting them to the children, and ways of de-
veloping a greater use of the library. Of
course the children's classics should be chosen,
and in as beautiful editions as possible. Pic-
ture books for the little ones, containing pic-
tures of normal life, scenes in the home and
field, and sketches of people at their usual
occupations, should be provided. As the child
grows older he should have myths and fairy
tales, Bible stories, poetry, history and geog-
raphy, as well as fiction. Stories that are
lukewarm, improbable, or vicious, must be ex-
cluded, and those maintaining a right standard
of honor, loyalty, truth, fairness, and kindli-
ness, selected.
The children's librarian should be "well in-
formed and of broad interests, with a love
and knowledge of books, a wise sympathy
and a gracious cordiality. Besides this a sense
of humor, a pleasing personality, adaptability,
and strength of character she must have."
The children's librarian, particularly in the
small town, must take care not to fall into a
rut, and must study the results of others'
work for suggestive ideas. Co-operation with
Sunday school teachers may be as effective as
with teachers in day schools. An occasional
exhibit and social evening at the library, open
to parents and friends, helps to advertise, and
the usual bulletins, clubs, and story hours all
help to keep up interest.
College
COLLEGE LIBRARIES
The Pedagogical Seminary for June (vol.
21, p. 278-283) reports a discussion on the
position of the library in the college, at the
meeting of the New England College Librari-
ans. This discussion was opened by Dr. H.
L. Koopman, of Brown University, who was
followed by Dr. Louis N. Wilson, of Clark
University. The editor of the Seminary has
submitted the points brought out by Dr. Koop-
man and Dr. Wilson, and a number of other
librarians and college professors, and prints
their comments on the same. The comments
of the various librarians which are published
are by Dr. Herbert Putnam, head of the Li-
brary of Congress ; Dr. W. D. Johnston, re-
cently librarian of Columbia University, now
of St. Paul; Dr. W. N. C. Carlton, of the
Newberry Library, Chicago ; and Josephine A.
Clark, librarian of Smith College. Prof. E.
B. Titchener, of Cornell University, and Prof.
J. W. Baird, of Clark University, commented
on Dr. Koopman's and Dr. Wilson's remarks
from the professor's point of view. One of
the points discussed is the protest against the
administration of college libraries by a com-
mittee of the faculty.
732
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[September, 1914
Reading and Aids
Aids to readers
BOOK JACKETS
At Brockton (Mass.) Public Library, the
paper covers of new books are put together
in bunches of 20 or more, the top left corners
punched, and the bunches hung to nails on the
bulletin board by strings, so anybody may look
them over. Much space is thus saved over
the usual method of posting the jackets sepa-
rately on the bulletin.— Bull Bibl.
VACATION READING
Vacation reading. Lucy M. Salmon. Pub.
Libs., Je., 1914. p. 233-238.
The book to-day encounters keen competi-
tion from the newspaper, the magazine, the
short story, the literature sent out by various
societies, besides a multitude of papers and
reports. There is also the competition of the
theatre, the moving picture, the dance, athlet-
ics, automobiling, and travel in general. There
may be hope for the book in spite of these con-
ditions, but is there hope for the college stu-
dent in relation to the book?
At the opening of the last academic year
100 students in three classes of an eastern
college were asked to present lists of books
read during the summer vacation. The lists
represented a total of 356 different authors
and 642 named books, in addition to "a little
poetry," "two or three dozen modern novels,
the names of which I cannot remember," "a
collection of short stories," and similar reports.
The second charge that college students do
not read the right books is not so quickly dis-
missed, for a book, like a fact, is of value only
in association with specific conditions. The
same book may be read at different times with
entirely different objects. If fiction predomi-
nates in the lists presented, it includes works
written in many different languages and if
"V. V's eyes" leads the list of single books
with 29 readers, Dickens has had 31 readers of
16 different books.
The interest in the great questions of life
never ceases with college students, and the fact
that they read the authors of to-day is no proof
that they hold the early writers in contempt.
The lists show less reflection than might be
expected of interest aroused by college work,
and comparatively little reflection of many of
the great questions of the day. They also
show little concentration on any one author
or subject. Few read more than one work
of any given author, and few read more than
one author on any subject.
At Vassar various expedients have been tried
to stimulate vacation reading. The Miscellany
publishes each June lists of books suggested
by the heads of the different departments.
Some of the departments published independ-
ent lists, and the alumnae of a girl's school have
established a prize for the student who has
best fulfilled the requirement of a special read-
ing course arranged by the department of Eng-
lish.
It may be questioned whether any one of
these expedients has been wholly successful.
Is it possible that the effort has been mis-
directed? The feeling is widespread that much
reading, however aimless it may be, produces
culture, and it is encouraged by the college
for this reason. The college, moreover, separ-
ates itself from outside conditions as far as
possible. No improvement can come in vaca-
tion reading apart from improvement in gen-
eral educational spirit and organization.
Literary Methods and Appliances
Library Appliances
MAGAZINE BOXES
The Allentown (Pa.) Public Library has
recently received 300 specially made boxes to
hold magazines. Each box will hold six num-
bers, half a year's subscription. They will
be arranged on shelves and so placed that
every box will have a hinged lid and front
so as to make access to the magazines easy
for the patrons. It is also the intention to
index all articles to make it easy for appli-
cants to find the magazine articles they want.
THE LIBRARIANS MOTHER GOOSE
IX. CHILDREN'S ROOM
Sing a song of sixpence, a room full of books,
Four and twenty pages storing them in nooks.
When the door was opened, in the children came.
When they* d pawed around a while, it didn't look the same.
— Ren'ec B. Stern.
September, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
733
Biblioorapbfcal Botes
Recent lists issued by the Division of Vis-
ual Instruction of the University of the State
of New York have been List 23, slides and
photographs on forestry and lumbering; List
24, lantern slides on physical geography; and
List 25, slides and photographs on flies, their
anatomy and their relation to health.
A list of Swedish terms used in bibliog-
raphies and by the book and printing trades
has been compiled by Axel Moth, chief of the
cataloging division of the reference depart-
ment of the New York Public Library, and
was printed in the Bulletin of Bibliography
for January and April. The first part of a
similar set of Spanish terms, also compiled by
Mr. Moth, is printed in the July number.
The year book of the British Library As-
sociation has been revised and issued for 1914.
It is the first issue since 1909, and contains
important changes in the by-laws, especially
those dealing with membership and branch
associations. The list of fellows and mem-
bers has also been entirely revised. The year
book was edited by L. Stanley Jast, honor-
ary secretary of the Association.
There has just been reprinted in pamphlet
form from the Cardiff Libraries!1 Review, the
address "On the study of early printed books,"
delivered by Arundell Esdaile, of the British
Museum Library, at the opening of an exhibi-
tion of early printed books in the Central Ref-
erence Library in Cardiff, May 7, 1913. The
pamphlet is illustrated with several full-page
reproductions of woodcuts from early books.
"Suggestive outlines on children's litera-
ture" is an 88-page pamphlet, compiled by
Mary Bostwick Day, librarian, and Elisabeth
Kissick Wilson, training teacher in the South-
ern Illinois State Normal University. The
table of contents divides the material into
four parts: Historical outlines of children's
literature, Illustrators of children's books,
Suggestive studies ir children's literature, and
Representative list of books.
The 77th annual issue of "The English cat-
alogue of books" is out. It gives in one al-
phabet, under author and title, a list of prac-
tically all the books published in the United
Kingdom during the year. In 1913 there were
12,379 books published, an increase of 312
over 1912. James Douglas Stewart, formerly
a librarian at Croydon, England, is the editor
of the catalog, which is published in this
country by the R. R. Bowker Company.
The Monthly Bulletin of the St. Louis Pub-
lic Library for July is given over to a report
on the regulation of public dance halls, pre-
pared by Andrew Linn Bostwick, the librarian
of the Municipal Reference branch. Informa-
tion was received from twenty cities, and the
report is divided into two parts, the first giving
a general summary of dance-hall legislation,
and the second being a digest of the regulations
of the various cities investigated.
An article on "Public print collections in
the United States," by Frank Weitenkampf,
D.H.L., of the New York Public Library, was
printed in Band x, Heft 2 of Museumskunde,
and has now been reprinted in separate form.
The resources of the collections in the Li-
brary of Congress, New York Public Library,
and Boston Museum of Fine Arts are de-
scribed in the most detail, but many other
print collections are also touched upon.
A second edition of the monograph issued
by the Free Public Library of Jersey City,
N. J., entitled "The American flag: its origin
and history," was published in June. It was
compiled by Edmund W. Miller, the assistant
librarian, and contains historical material on
the colonial flags as well as the stars and
stripes, tracing the many changes made in the
latter before its present form was adopted.
There are also paragraphs on special flags,
signal flags, state flags, flag legislation and
manufacture, the Confederate flag, and "The
star spangled banner."
The Bureau of Statistics and Municipal
Library of Chicago has published a "Chicago
city manual," prepared by Francis A. Eastman,
city statistician, containing a historical sketch
of the city with some biographical notices; a
section on the executive government of Chi-
cago, giving the duties of the mayor and all
departments and bureaus, with the personnel
of each; lists of officers and trustees of the
board of education and of Chicago's mu-
seums and libraries ; and much miscellaneous
material relating to city development plans,
amusement places, courts, taxes, etc.
A second edition of Lang's German-Eng-
lish dictionary of medical terms has been
issued by P. Blakiston's Son & Co. The work
has been edited and revised by Dr. Milton K.
Meyers, of Philadelphia, and contains 4400
definitions in addition to the 45,000 and over
which the first edition contained. The addi-
tions include a number of definitions of symp-
toms, diseases, signs, reflexes, etc., named
after individual physicians, many of them very
recent, which have not yet been incorporated
in the standard English medical dictionaries,
touched upon.
734
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[September, 1914
The Bodleian Quarterly Record, volume i,
number i, issued by the Bodleian Library at
Oxford, has reached this office. The objects
with which it is started are stated in the in-
troductory note as being threefold: "to pro-
vide readers in the library and other residents
with a list of the chief accessions of the last
three months ; to afford some account of the
various activities of the Bodleian, in the hope
of interesting a larger number in its work
and progress; and to give literary and per-
sonal information, both by notes on current
events and on discoveries within the library,
and by printing extracts, documents, and es-
says of permanent value." The divisions will
continue to fee, as in this first number, Notes
and news, Accessions, and Documents and
records.
RECENT BIBLIOGRAPHIES
GENERAL
SELECTED list of books recommended by the Ontario
Library Association for purchase by the public libra-
ries of the province. Toronto: Ontario Dept. of
Education. 42 p. (Vol. xm, Part i.)
BOOKS FOR SPECIAL CLASSES
BLIND, BOOKS FOR
Classified catalogue of the Carnegie Library of
Pittsburgh, 1907-1911. Part ix. p. 2648-2688.
CATHOLICS
Louisville Free Public Library. Some books in
the Louisville Free Public Library of interest to
Catholic readers. Louisville, Ky. : Fed. of Catholic
Societies. 86 p.
SUBJECT BIBLIOGRAPHIES
ABERDEEN, BANFF, KINCARDINE
Johnstqne, J. F. Kellas. A concise bibliography
of the history, topography, and institutions of the
shires of Aberdeen, Banff, and Kincardine. [Part
ii.] (In Aberdeen Univ. Lib. Bull., Ap., 1914.
p. 301-382.)
ADOLESCENCE
Alexander, John L., ed. The teens and the rural
Sunday school; being the second volume of the
report of the Commission on Adolescence, author-
ized by the San Francisco Convention of the Inter-
national Sunday School Association; a study. . . .
Association Press. 3 p. bibl. 50 c.
ADVERTISING
Edgar, A. E. How to advertise a retail store;
including mail order advertising, a complete and
comprehensive manual for promoting publicity. 4.
ed. Advertising World, 1913. 9 p. bibl.
Hollingsworth, H. L. Advertising and selling,
principles of appeal and response. Appleton, 1913.
4 p. bibl.
AFRICA — FAUNA
Roosevelt, Theodore, and Heller, Edmund. Life-
histories of African game animals; illustrated from
photographs and from drawings by Philip R. Good-
win; and with 40 faunal maps. 2 v. Scribner. 16
p. bibl. $10 n.
AFRICANA
Books, prints, maps, etc., relating to Africa, chiefly
South Africa. London: E. C. Carter. 12 p.
(Hornsey book list, no. 45. 373 items.)
AGRICULTURE
Agricultural project study bibliography, arranged
for ready reference. (In R. W. Stimspn, The Mas-
sachusetts home-project plan of vocational agricul-
tural education, p. 75-94. U. S. Bur. of JEduc.
Bull., 1914, no. 8. Whole no. 579.)
Youngblood, Bonney. Corn culture for Texas
farmers. Austin, Tex.: Texas Dept. of Agriculture.
5 p. bibl. (Bull.)
ALPS
Short list of Alpine literature and mountaineering
generally. London: Francis Edwards. 15 p. (No.
340. 272 items.)
AMERICANA
A collection of books and pamphlets relating to
America. Anderson Auction Co. 60 p. (No. 1029,
1914. 697 items.)
Books, autographs, pictures, engravings, relics of
Washington and Lincoln, etc. Merwin Sales Co.
58 p. (No. 565, 1914. 325 items.)
Catalogue of a collection of Americana, including
selections from the library of the late John R.
Thomson, U. S. senator from New Jersey. . . . Mer-
win Sales Co. 102 p. (No. 569, 1914. 971 items.)
Catalogue of Americana and Tennesseeana, prin-
cipally of the southern states. Nashville, Tenn.:
Paul Hunter, 401 Church St. 36 p. (No. i, 1914.
755 items.)
Catalogue of rare and choice books relating to
America. Cleveland, O. : The John Clark Co., Euclid
Ave. and E. ssth St. 49 p. (No. 4, 1914.)
Rare Americana. Part I of one important collec-
tion. New York: Chas. Fred. Heartman. 142 p.
(Heartman's auction xxi. 1062 items.)
Short list of books, prints, old maps, etc., relating
to America. London: F. C. Carter. 8 p. (Hornsey
book list, no. 44. 226 items.)
The library of the late Benson J. Lossing, Ameri-
can historian. Part vi. Letters, documents, and
pamphlets of the Revolution, War of 1812, and the
Civil War. Anderson Auction Co. 43 p. (No.
1031, 1914. 331 items.)
AMMONIA VAPOR
Goodenough, G. A., and Mqsher, W. E. The
properties of superheated ammonia vapor. 3 p. bibl.
(Univ. of 111. Engineering Experiment Station.
Bull.)
ARCHITECTURE
Boston Public Library. Catalogue of books re-
lating to architecture, construction and decoration,
in the Public Library of the city of Boston. 2d ed.
535 P.
Richardson, A. E. Monumental classic architec-
ture in Great Britain and Ireland, during the
eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. . . . Scribner.
3 p. bibl. $33-50 n.
ART
Books on art and allied subjects. Maggs Bros.
212 p. (No. 325. 1251 items.)
ASTRONOMY
Moulton, Forest Ray. An introduction to celes-
tial mechanics. 2. rev. ed. Macmillan. bibl. $3.50 n.
Price, Edward W., pseud. The essence of astron-
omy; things everyone should know about the sun,
moon, and stars. Putnam. jl/2 p. bibl. $i n.
AUTOGRAPHS
A catalogue of autograph letters and valuable
books. . . . London: Bernard Quaritch. 136 p.
(No. 331.)
BANKING
Cooperative credit: a selected bibliography. (In
Bull, of Russell Sage Found. L., Je., 1914. 5 p.)
Dqwrie, George W. The development of bank-
ing in Illinois, 1817-1863. Urbana, 111.: Univ. of
111., 1913. zl/t p. bibl. 90 c. (Studies in the
social sciences.)
BIBLE
Special reading list on the New Testament. (In
Bull, of the Gen. Theol. Lib., Jl., 1914. p. 13-22.)
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Josephson, Aksel G. S. Bibliography of bibliogra-
phies. 2d ed. (In Papers of the Bibliographical
Society of America. Vol. vn, p. 33-40, 115-124.)
BINDING
Catalogue of books bequeathed to the New York
Public Library by William Augustus Spencer. (In
Bull, of the N. Y. P. L., Je., 1914. p. 540-572.)
September, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
735
The Spencer collection is primarily a collection of
modern French bindings, and each entry in the cata-
log contains notes descriptive of binding and illus-
trations. An article on French binders and the
examples of their art in the Spencer collection,
written by Henry W. Kent, secretary of the Metro-
politan Museum of Art, is printed in the same
number of the Bulletin.
BIOGRAPHY
Classified catalogue of the Carnegie Library of
Pittsburgh, 1907-1911. Part via. p. 2385-2647.
BUSINESS
New Britain (Ct.) Institute. Business books in
the New Britain Institute, April, 1914. 7 p.
CHEMISTRY
Barger, George. The simpler natural bases. Long-
mans. 40 p. bibl. $1.80 n.
Desch, Cecil Henry. Intermetallic compounds;
with 17 figures. Longmans. 4% p. bibl. 90 c. n.
(Monographs on inorganic and physical chemistry.)
Jones, Walter. Nucleic acids; their chemical
properties and physiological conduct. Longmans. 15 J4
p. bibl. $1.10 n. (Monographs on biochemistry.)
CHILDREN
American Institute of Child Life. Guide book to
childhood; a handbook for members of the American
Institute of Child Life, prepared by William Byron
Forbush and others, a. ed. Philadelphia: The
author, 1913. bibls. $2.
Forbush, William Byron. The government of
children between six and twelve. Philadelphia:
Amer. Inst. of Child Life. 4 p. bibl. 35 c.
Weeks, Mrs. Mary Harmon, ed. Parents and
their problems; child welfare in home, school, church,
and state. 8 v. Washington, D. C. : National Con-
gress of Mothers and Parent Teacher Assn. bibls.
ea.f $2.50.
CHINA — TAXATION
Chen Shao-Kwan. The system of taxation in
China in the Tsing dynasty, 1644-1911. Longmans,
bibl. $i. (Columbia Univ. studies in history, econom-
ics and public law.)
CITY PLANNING
Boston Public Library. City planning. (In Cata-
logue of books relating to architecture. ... p. 427-
S35-)
CIVIL WAR
A collection of books and pamphlets relating to
the Civil War and Abraham Lincoln. New York:
Daniel H. Newliall, 154 Nassau St. 44 p. (No. 82,
1914. 3031 items.)
CRUIKSHANK, GEORGE
Valuable books embracing the collection of Cruik-
shankiana . . . from the collections of Stanley K.
Wilson . . . and James McMurtrie, Sr. Stan. V.
Henkels. 36 p. (Cat. no. 1109. 229 items.)
DE MEZIERES, ATHANASE
Bolton, Herbert Eugene, ed. Athanase de
Mezieres and the Louisiana-Texas frontier, 1768-
1780; documents published for the first time, from
the original Spanish and French manuscripts,
chiefly in the archives of Mexico and Spain; trans-
lated into English. 2 v. Cleveland, O.: A. H.
Clarke Co. 4 p. bibl. ^10. (Spain in the West.)
DIALECTS, AMERICAN
St. Louis Public Library. Books containing
American local dialects. 16 p.
A collection of the short lists appearing from time
to time in the Monthly Bulletin of the library,
between Feb., 1913, and June, 1914.
DRUGS, DETERIORATION OF
Eberhardt, E. G., and Eldred, F. R. A bibliog-
raphy of the deterioration of drugs and pharma-
ceutical products. (In Lilly Scientific Bulletin, Ap.
6, 1914. p. 181-193.)
EDUCATION
Bloomfield, Meyer. The school and the start in
life; a study of the relation between school and
employment in England, Scotland, and Germany.
Gov. Prtg. Off. 10 p. bibl. (U. S. Bur. of Educ.
Bull., 1914, no. 4. Whole no. 575.)
EDUCATION, COMPULSORY
Compulsory school attendance. Part vi. Bibli-
ography of compulsory education in the United
States, bibl. p. 131-134. (U. S. Bur. of Educ.
Bull., 1914, no. 2. Whole no. 573.)
ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Booker, James Manning. The French "incho-
ative" suffix -iss and the French -ir conjugation in
Middle English. Chapel Hill, N. C. : Univ. of N. C.,
1912. bibls. (Studies in philology.)
ENGLISH LITERATURE
Nineteenth century English literature. Dodd &
Livingston. 85 p. (No. 14, 1914.)
Old English literature; a special catalogue of
valuable books from the library of the late Prof.
Edward Dowden, of Dublin University. Holborn,
London: Frank Hollings, 7 Great Turnstile. 35 p.
(No. xcvu. 904 items.)
EUROPE
Cole, Grenville Arthur James. The growth of
Europe. Holt. 3 p. bibl. 50 c. n. (Home uni-
versity library of modern knowledge.)
EYE DISEASES
Catalogue of books on diseases of the eye. Lon-
don, W. C. : Henry Kimpton. 4 p. (No. 132, 1913.
131 items.)
FAR EAST
Catalogue of a large and interesting cpllection of
books relating to the Far East: The Indian empire,
Afghanistan, Ceylon, Burmah, China, and the Malay
archipelago. 88 p. (No. 337. 1281 items.)
Catalogue of books relating to the Far East and
Australasia. George Salby. 24 p. (No. 4, 1914.
472 items.)
FARMING
MacGerald, Willis, ed. Practical farming and
gardening; or money saving methods in farming,
gardening, fruit growing; also horse, cattle, sheep,
hog, and poultry raising; by an eminent array of
specialists. Marietta, O.: S. A. Mulliken Co. bibls.
$2.50.
FICTION
Brockton [Mass.] Public Library. A list of cheer-
ful books. 7 p.
FRENCH REVOLUTION
An illustrated catalogue of engravings and books
relating to Marie Antoinette and the French Revo-
lution. Henry Sotheran & Co. 120 p. (No. 49.
1432 items.)
GEOLOGY
Watson, Thomas Leonard, and Taber, Stephen.
Geology of the titanium and apatite deposits of
Virginia. Charlottesville, Va.: Univ. of Va., 1913.
8 p. bibl. (Va. Geological Survey. Bull.)
HAWAII
Goodrich, Joseph King. The coming Hawaii; with
57 illustrations from photographs. McClurg. 5 p.
ibl. $1.50 n. (World today series.)
HERDER AND KLOPSTOCK
Adler, Frederick Henry. Herder and Klopstock;
a comparative study. G. E. Stechert. 6 p. bibl.
$1.50.
HERVIEU, PAUL ERNEST
Barker, Tommie Dora, comp. Reading list on
Paul Ernest Hervieu, 1857-. (In Bull. Bibl., Ap.,
1914. p. 40.)
HISTORY
Cowan, Andrew Reid. Master-clues in world-
history. Longmans. 3 p. bibl. $1.75 n.
HISTORY, AMERICAN
Coe, Fanny E. Makers of the nation. Amer.
Book Co. 4 p. bibl. 56 c.
HISTORY, ANCIENT
Botsford, George Willis. A history of the ancient
world. In a books. Macmillan. bibls. $i n., ea.
HYGIENE
Hoag, Ernest Bryant. Organized health work in
schools, with an account of a campaign for school
hygiene in Minnesota. Washington: Gov. Prtg. Off.,
1913. 4 p. bibl. (U. S. Bur. of Educ. Bull., 1913,
no. 44. Whole no. 555.)
736
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[September, 1914
Communications
Editor of Library Journal:
Sometime when you want to publish a small
item showing how a librarian is called upon
to give up his time and energy to answer
questions by an outsider who has no call upon
his time, I suggest that you publish the fol-
lowing. I came across the letter the other
day. I of course do not give the real name
and place:
"Prof.
"May I not have your advice? I want you
to select 450 books for a minister's library.
Kindly name them in three lots. I want the
150 most important books first, the next most
important 150 in lot No. 2, and the third lot
of 150 in lot No. 3. Do not assume that I
have any books at all; just name the first 450
books you would place in the ministerial li-
brary as nearly in the order of their impor-
tance as you can. Do not assume that I am
idling. I am in a serious mood. I am com-
ing to you that I may make my ministry free
from tradition and conformable to reason and
revelation.
"Signed, "
Sincerely yours,
WALTER C. GREEN.
Editor Library Journal:
IN a recent conspectus of children's books in
a library journal, an American woman libra-
rian speaks in a most disparaging tone of the
works of Ellis, and, indeed, implies that they
are more or less pernicious for the youngsters.
I presume that E. S. Ellis is intended; and,
although I have never visited America, and
can only speak of this writer's books from
memory, I really should like to offer a humble
protest. The children of Great Britain love
these books; the Deerfoot series, the river
series, and such really enthralling boys' books
as "The cabin in the clearing," are not great
literature, perhaps, but in common with hun-
dreds of British boys, I gained my profound
sympathy with America, my love of its forests
and rivers, and my interest in American his-
tory from my early reading of these. More-
over, they teach self-reliance, observation, in-
itiative, and simple religious truth as well as
any books I know. No doubt, if I were to re-
read them, much of the glamour would have
faded, but the same would apply to any book
which one loved in childhood. But my protest
has a more serious purpose. Can any of your
readers tell me the precise grounds, literary or
moral, upon which Ellis is to be condemned?
The opinion of two generations of children is
in his favour. What is against him? The
answer has an important bearing, as American
readers may justly claim that they have surer
grounds for judging American works than the
Briton has, and also because the critic has
probably focussed on this writer some critical
canons which might be useful to us all. I am,
Very truly yours,
W. C. BERWICK SAVERS.
Croydon Public Libraries, England.
Editor Library Journal:
May I ask you to note an error in a recent
book that does a great though entirely unin-
tentional wrong to California county libraries?
The book is Dr. and Mrs. Ernest I. Antrim's
"The county library." The greater part of it
is taken up with an account of the Brum-
back Library of Van Wert county, Ohio, the
first county library to survive and really de-
serve the name. The latter fourth of the
book deals with the general subject, and here
the authors carefully verified their figures, I
am told, by reference to the libraries them-
selves, except in the case of the California
libraries. There the authority used was News
Notes of California Libraries, but the mistake
was made of taking the quarterly figures of
that periodical for annual figures. All Cali-
fornia libraries given in the tables of statis-
tics suffer alike in this matter, and only as an
example I mention that the circulation of the
Oakland Free Library, which serves as
the County Library of Alameda county, is
given as 71,724, when as a matter of fact it
was 533,585, not including 81,902 unbound
magazines circulated.
This misapprehension colors all the com-
ments the authors make on the California
county libraries and seriously mars an other-
wise well-written book.
Yours truly,
CHAS. S. GREENE.
Oakland (Cal.} Free Library.
Calendar
Sept. 7-13. New York Library Association.
Cornell University, Ithaca.
Oct. — . Kansas and Missouri Library Asso-
ciations. Joint meeting at Topeka.
Oct. — . Iowa State Library Association. Mar-
shalltown.
Oct. 6-9. Ohio Library Association. Dayton.
Oct. 15-17. Keystone State Library Associa-
tion. Annual meeting, Galen Hall, Werners-
ville, Pa.
Oct. 21-23. Illinois Library Association. An-
nual meeting, Springfield.
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
VOL. 39
OCTOBER, 1914
No. 10
THE war in Europe came as a thunder
clap from the clear sky of a ''hundred years'
peace" which at its close w^s sadly broken
on this continent in Mexico and through-
out Europe. It was the more sad and sur-
prising because for a generation past the
nations had been growing together in inter-
national relationship, illustrated by the
seven or eight organizations, more or less
official, which have their headquarters at
Berne, and by the several hundred unoffi-
cial associations centering at Brussels. At
Berne Frof. Rothlisberger has been divert-
ed from his work of international comity
into the servict of the Foreign Office; the
Brussels Institute, M. Otlet reports, is in
the midst of a camp; and the Carl Bae-
deker of this generation, bearing a name
representing those relations of travel which
were so knitting the peoples together, was
reported as killed in one of the earliest
engagements. These personal examples il-
lustrate the sudden change in the face of
the world. The Leipzig Exposition of the
Book, though still existing, no longer claims
attention. Advices from Miss Hasse sent
the first week of September, report that
the exposition is still open, though with
diminished attendance, since the contracts
of the exhibitors require continuance until
the end of October. Miss Hasse is to re-
turn presently but will leave the A. L. A.
exhibit in charge of a local representative,
who will see that the material is packed
and returned when war conditions permit.
THERE is a sudden stop to library progress
in every European country. In fact, clear
as the skies were, library development had
been held back both in Germany and in
Russia by the enormous military budget;
and the one bright lining in the dark cloud
is the hope that when peace comes and Eu-
rope is freed from militarism, such develop-
ment as that of library systems for the good
of the whole people may have every chance
again under more liberal and lasting cir-
cumstances. Meantime, it should be remem-
bered that if the library spirit, and kindred
ideals, had been earlier fulfilled, the pres-
ent war might have been rendered impos-
sible; and above all, that this is not a peo-
ple's war but a war of the general staffs,
in which the people suffer. What interna-
tional bitterness remains will not be among
the people who have suffered, the clientele
of libraries, but among those in authority
who are responsible for the conflict; and
let us hope that the peoples of the world
will be re-united more strongly than ever in
the bond of affection for human kind rather
than in the narrower bond of national
prejudice.
THE friendly feeling toward Germany as
a people held by those Americans who do
not take the German military point of view
as to the war is best expressed in Mr. Os-
wald G. Villard's article on "The two Ger-
manys" in the last number of the Review
of Reviews. Our sympathies go out to all
those, particularly in the library profession,
whose work of peace is negatived by the
clash of war. In Belgium, as the theater
of war, there has been a special suffering,
and help is asked from America for libra-
rians there whose libraries have been de-
stroyed or abandoned, and who are for the
moment without means of livelihood. It is
thought not best to take this up as a na-
tional matter, that questions as to neutral-
ity may be avoided, but there can be no pos-
sible objection to individual subscriptions
for the benefit of fellow librarians abroad
who may be sufferers. Subscriptions have
already been started in several library sys-
tems, and the LIBRARY JOURNAL will be glad
to receive contributions of from $1.00 up-
ward and to see that they are forwarded to
the Belgian minister at Washington, who
738
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[October, 1914
will be asked to make proper arrangements
in his country.
THE international feeling throughout the
library world was never stronger than just
before the outbreak of the war. In Ger-
many the American Library Exhibit had
attracted international attention. Dr.
Schwenke, the most active promoter of the
library spirit in Germany, was urging upon
his fellow librarians the most careful study
and full utilization of American library
ideas, and had expressed the desire that the
American exhibit be permitted to remain
in Germany. In Russia in general, and not
merely in educated Finland, library develop-
ment has been quietly going on in a man-
ner surprising to those who have not studied
conditions there, as Madame Haffkin-Ham
burger brought out in her talk at Ithaca.
What is true in these two countries is true
elsewhere, and if the people could have
voted by plebiscite there would scarcely
have been war. It is to be hoped that
when the unutterably cruel war is over the
library profession may be foremost in re-
newing the international good feeling,
which as the people more and more come to
their own and control the government, will
be the surest guaranty of peace.
THE war not only dislocated internation-
alism but caused the prompt postponement
of the pan- Anglican library conference at
Oxford, to which fifty Americans, more or
less, were wending their way, and at which
representatives from several of the British
dominions and colonies, and at least a few
librarians from the Continent, had arranged
to be present. It was felt in England, and
particularly at Oxford, that all thought and
all energy should be concentrated on the
national and international task which Eng-
land had undertaken, and in this view the
American librarians, disappointed as they
were to have made the long journey with-
out reaching their goal, fully and cordially
acquiesced. The local people at Oxford
gave cordial assurances of hospitality to
individual librarians who should reach Ox-
ford, but though this was heartily appre-
ciated, none of the visiting librarians so far
as is learned felt like accepting such hospi-
tality in the present crisis. Arrangements
had been made for participation by leading
American representatives of the profession
in the several discussions, and the confer-
ence would have had an important bearing
on library development throughout the Eng-
lish-speaking world. It is now planned to
postpone it for a year, but it seems prob-
able that a larger representation could be
secured from America two years hence,
and it is to be hoped that conditions will
then permit a pan-Anglican, and possibly
an international, conference which may
help to bring the world together again into
the normal relations of a brighter future.
"LIBRARY Week" no longer at the once
beautiful Sagamore at Lake George, but
this year enjoying the hospitality of Cornell
University, proved as successful as ever,
though the absence was noted of several of
those usually present, who were not yet re-
turned from the journeying which reached
neither Leipzig nor Oxford. The emphasis
of the meeting was on co-ordination among
libraries, which is indeed the keynote of
the present situation in the library field.
President Wyer's paper merely touched
upon one corner of this subject in pointing
out the desirability of planning libraries in
due co-ordination with local needs and pos-
sibilities, while Dr. Root's paper on college
libraries and Miss Plummer's report on
prison libraries dealt with outlying rela-
tions of the general library system. The
program and discussions, indeed, contrib-
uted sensibly to that ideal of library ad-
ministration which looks to the co-ordina-
tion of all classes of libraries into a general
scheme in which, by avoiding duplication
of effort, every dollar and every book can
be used to the best purpose, and through
which ultimately every class of the com-
munity may be reached by the printed 1 ook
or auxiliary means.
THE BODLEIAN LIBRARY AT OXFORD
BY THEODORE W. KOCH, Librarian, University of Michigan
"I am plain Elia, no Selden, nor Arch-
bishop Usher, though at present in the
thick of their books, here in the heart of
learning, under the shadow of the mighty
Bodley," wrote Charles Lamb. "Above all
thy rarities, old Oxenford, what do most
arride and solace me, are thy repositories
of mouldering learning, thy shelves. What
a place to be in is an old library ! It seems
as though all the souls of all the writers
that have bequeathed their labors to these
Bodleians, were reposing here as in some
dormitory, or middle state. I do not want
to handle, to profane the leaves, their wind-
ing-sheets. I could as soon dislodge a
shade. I seem to inhale learning, walking
amid their foliage, and the odor of their
old moth-scented coverings is fragrant as
the first bloom of those sciential apples
which grew amid the happy orchard." It
is in some such sympathetic frame of mind
that the American librarian must visit the
Bodleian Library. He does not go there
to study the latest labor-saving devices, the
most approved practices in library economy
or the most recent developments in library
architecture. If his visit is to be profitable
he should go in the reverent spirit of the
scholar, the student of literature and the
beginnings of libraries, ready to pay just
tribute to the memory of the founder of one
of the great libraries of the world and
grateful for the generations of friends and
administrators that labored long and fruit-
fully for the well being of this unique insti-
tution. As the annalist of the Bodleian, Dr.
W. D. Macray says, its reading room "is
not, indeed, one fashioned and furnished
after the newest plans, with abundance of
iron and much glass, with easy chairs and
all that appertains to modern ideas of con-
venience and fitness and to modern literary
lounges: but it is in its old-world form the
scholars' precious possession, uniquely
grand, gloriously rich, marvellously sug-
gestive. And not least suggestive in its
very mode of entrance, albeit sometimes
deemed unworthy, sometimes complained
of as wearisome and tedious. From the
quadrangle which tells by the storeyed
buildings which enclose it that there is
much wealth within, you enter, almost
stooping, by a plain low door, and then
begin to ascend a long, long, winding flight
of stairs. You may rest as you go, here
and there, on window-seats and benches,
but still before you lies that winding ascent.
At length you reach a simple green baize
door; you open it — and the panorama
of the world of learning is before you.
Surely it is a very type of the way by
which true knowledge is gained. By no
railway-travelling in easy carriages, speed-
ing swiftly and smoothly on, that requires
little exertion and knows no delay, but by
the real 'royal road' of humility that re-
fuses no lowly beginnings, by the patience
that is not disheartened by labor, by the
perseverance that overcomes weariness, at
last the door of knowledge is reached and
opened; — and then all the toil is re-
warded. It is the way which the true
'Mater Scientiarum' teaches."
So you must not expect to find here a
complete card catalog of the books in the
Bodleian, with a union catalog of the books
in all the other libraries of Oxford, nor a
shelf list made on your own approved plan,
nor any system of classification which you
mastered in your library school days. You
must lay aside that pet phrase which the
American librarian uses when he is de-
scribing his own library and says it con-
tains very little "dead wood," for here the
dead wood of literature has sprung into
new life. Books of long ago are treasured
and made to give up their secrets. The
student of the past finds the greatest
wealth of both manuscript and printed ma-
terial to illuminate almost any period of
English life and thought. What a pioneer
the Bodleian was in English University
life, what a great boon it was and is to
English scholarship, can be seen from a
glance at conditions as they were at various
periods before and since its founding.
One can gain some idea of the cost of
books in the early days of the University
740
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[October, 1914
by reading the old inventories in which
they are classed with plate and jewels. Only
a privileged few were given access to the
first University library. Excepting the sons
of lords who were members of Parliament,
no Oxford student was admitted who had
not spent eight years in the study of philos-
ophy, which was paramount to ruling that
the University books were reserved ex-
clusively for its senior members, in other
words for the masters who had to lecture
to the juniors. As the instruction was en-
tirely oral the undergraduates had little
need of books. In the seventeenth century
University College Library was reserved
for the graduates, and undergraduates were
not admitted to Merton College Library
until 1827, and then only for one hour per
week.
A fifteenth century code of the Augus-
tinian Order of the Canons Regular of the
College of St. Mary, Oxford, ruled that no
student might enter the library at night
with a candle unless for some very im-
portant purpose or to compose a sermon for
which insufficient time had been allowed
him. No student was allowed to spend more
than one hour, or two at the utmost, over
any one book for fear of keeping others
from studying it. A Lincoln College stu-
dent who in 1600 was found "guilty of sun-
dry misdemeanours in the town to the great
scandal of the college" was condemned to
"study in the library four hours certain
days for the space of two months."
The earliest public library for the Uni-
versity was started in 1320 by Thomas Cob-
ham, bishop of Worcester, who built a
convocation house adjoining the Church of
St. Mary the Virgin. The library was to
be housed in an upper room, to be in
charge of two chaplains, the books to be
chained, and no one to be admitted unless
one of the chaplains was present. One chap-
lain was to be on duty before and the other
after lunch and they were to see that no
reader entered in wet clothes, or with pen,
ink or knife. Such notes as were taken were
to be made in pencil.
In 1412 an elaborate code of statutes for
the regulation of the library was prepared.
The librarian, who must be in holy orders,
was required once a year to hand over to
the chancellor and proctors the keys of the
library; if after visitation he was found to
be fit in morals, fidelity, and ability, the keys
were returned to him. He was to be paid
£5 6s 8d per year for his services, and
for this sum he not only took charge of the
library but said masses for the souls of
benefactors. His salary was to be paid
semi-annually, because it was rightly ar-
gued that if his salary were in arrears he
might lose interest in h'is work. He was
allowed a month's holiday in the long vaca-
tion and was expected to give a month's no-
tice if he should wish to resign his office.
In 1439 Humphrey, duke of Gloucester,
began to send books to the library, giving
in this first year 129 volumes, worth, as
was stated in a letter of thanks from Con-
vocation, a thousand pounds and more. Be-
fore the duke's death in 1447 he had given
about 600 volumes and others were received
posthumously. It was evident that some-
thing larger than Cobham's library was
needed to store the University's books, and
so in 1444 the authorities successfully ap-
pealed to the duke for funds with which to
erect a library room over the new Divinity
School. The work of building the new
quarters went on slowly, the books in the
old library being meanwhile chained in
1454. Duke Humphrey's library was
opened in 1488 and this was the occasion
for new gifts being received. In December,
1550, the commissioners appointed by
Edward VI to reform the University car-
ried off or destroyed the treasures of the
library, and to-day it contains only three
of the manuscripts which Duke Humphrey
had presented. The library room was so
despoiled that in 1556 the University
authorities ordered that the book cases be
disposed of. The building was so neglected
that the roof and lead gutters suffered from
lack of repairs. Part of the furniture was
taken away by mechanics, the windows
were broken, and even the lead from the
windows was carried off. Thus denuded
the library had stood for forty years when
there came in 1597 the offer of Sir Thomas
Bodley to refit and replenish it.
From all this it can be seen that up to
the beginning of the seventeenth century
the libraries of Oxford did not figure very
prominently in the educational equipment
of the University, nor were they used very
THE BODLEIAN — DUKE HUMPHREY S LIBRARY
THE BODLEIAN LIBRARY QUADRANGLE
October, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
741
much in connection with the instruction.
When Bodley revisited his alma mater and
found the sad condition to which the Duke
Humphrey library had been reduced, he re-
solved to spend the rest of his days in
Oxford.
SIR THOMAS BODLEY
Sir Thomas Bodley was born at Exeter
March 2, 1545. His father, being a zealous
Protestant, fled to Germany and Switzer-
land after the accession of Queen Mary.
On his return to England he held the patent
for seven years for the exclusive printing
of the Geneva Bible. Young Thomas was
educated at Geneva. On the accession of
Queen Elizabeth the family returned to
England, and Thomas was sent to Mag-
dalen College at Oxford. After taking his
degree, he lectured on Greek and natural
philosophy, was elected university proctor,
and acted as deputy for the university ora-
tor. In order to acquire greater familiarity
with modern languages and politics, he ob-
tained leave of absence to travel on the
Continent and spent nearly four years in
Italy, France, and Germany. Upon his re-
turn to England he was appointed a gentle-
man usher to the Queen, and as his first
diplomatic mission he was despatched to
Denmark. Then followed a confidential
mission to France. In 1587 he married a
rich widow named Ann Ball. Later he was
sent to The Hague on a mission of great
importance. Here he remained for seven
years, until 1596. As early as 1592 he
began to show an ardent desire to return
to England and to be relieved of his diplo-
matic work. On Feb. 23, 1598, Bodley
wrote to the Vice-Chancellor of Oxford
University, offering to restore to its former
use the one room which was all that re-
mained of the old public library. In this
letter he said that he had always intended
to show some token of the affection he had
ever borne to the studies of good learning,
and that since there had been heretofore a
public library in Oxford, he would reduce
it again to its former use and make it fit
and handsome with seats, shelves and desks
and all things needful so as to stir up other
men's benevolence to help equip it with
books. He provided an endowment so that
it might perhaps in time come to prove a
notable treasure for the multitude of its
volumes and excellent benefit for the use
and ease of students and a singular orna-
ment to the University. Bodley, when he
had determined to keep himself "out of
the throng of court contentions," and was
pondering as to how he could still "do the
true part of a profitable member of the
state," had decided to set up his staff at
the library door in Oxford, "which then
in every part lay ruined and waste." Ac-
cording to a letter written by Sir Dudley
Carleton the proposal met with great favor
among the people of Bodley's native Dev-
onshire, "and every man bethinks himself
how by some good book or other he may
be written in the scroll of the benefactors."
Bodley lost no time in soliciting help from
his "great store of honorable friends." In
the first year, however, he found that he
had expended much more money on the
library than he had planned "because the
timber works of the house were rotten and
had to be new made." Gifts of books poured
in from all parts of England and the Con-
tinent. A London bookseller, Bill, was
commissioned to make purchases on the
Continent. At the suggestion of the li-
brarian, James, the Stationers' Company
promised to give a copy of every book
which they published.
Sir Thomas looked after details very
carefully. In one of his letters to Thomas
James, the first librarian, he says : "I have
spoken here with Mr. Farmer who hath
promised that whensoever you come after
Thursday next he will be at home. He hath
a carload of books of which you may make
your choice, which he will cause to be new
bound at Oxon. You shall do well, in my
opinion, to be there some morning very
early, lest he ride abroad and not come in
till night." And again: "Now I must en-
treat you to send me the register-book,
wherein the benefactors' names and gifts
shall be recorded. For I will begin to have
it written. It would be packed up in a
coffin of boards, with paper thick about it,
and hay between it and the boards. I pray
you be careful about it, and let me receive
it the next week, sent by the wagon for fear
of rain."
At another time he writes: "I pray you
salute and intreat Mr. Principal from me,
742
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[October, 1914
to cause such bars to be supplied, as are
wanting: And your self I would request to
write as often as you find a fit messenger,
to the chain-man, to dispatch the rest of the
books, and to make as many chains before
midsummer, as is possible.* For I am like
to bring more books than is imagined. I
do not find in your catalogue Fricius de
Rep. emendanda, and yet I think it is in
the library, whereof I pray you advertise
me: And likewise what works of Sigonius
are wanting."
In 1598 it is recorded that six trees from
Shotover Forest were sold for forty shil-
lings "to Mr. Bodley . . . for building
of a public library in Oxon." The work
of renovation was carried on quite rapidly.
The oldest or central portion, still named after
the first founder, Duke Humphrey, remains
to-day practically as Sir Thomas left it. It
is entered from the east wing through low
latticed wooden gates, and contains ten al-
coves, each lit with a two-light window.
The low-pitched, open-timber roof, is still
handsomely decorated with the painted
arms of the University and arabesques of
the founder's time.
The library grew so rapidly that it was
soon necessary to add to the simple oblong
building of 1480. In May, 1610, Bodley
made arrangements for the masonry work
on the eastern side, over the Proscholium,
for what is the "cross-aisle" of the library.
On May 3, 1611, a grant of timber was
made by the Crown for the enlargement of
the library, and the roof of the new part
was ready for decorating in the autumn of
that same year. Here the book cases were
provided with a projecting colonnade of
oak, carrying an overhead gallery which
enabled books to be shelved up to the roof.
James I visited the library in August,
1605, read aloud the inscription under
Bodley's bust and suggested that Bodley
might appropriately have been surnamed
Godley. He praised the happy estate of
readers who had leisure to frequent such
fair arbors of study, and commented on
the various divinity books he opened. The
*The last recorded purchase of chains took place in
1751, and the earliest removal in 1757. In the early
days one could hardly see the books for the chains,
but to-day only one volume preserves its ancient ap-
pearance in this respect, and a number of old frag-
ments had to be pieced together to make a complete
chain for this volume.
librarian made a congratulatory speech in
which he said there were then in the library
books in at least thirty languages and that
it was frequented by Italians, Frenchmen,
Germans, Danes, Poles and Swedes. Rob-
ert Burton, in his "Anatomy of melan-
choly," says that King James on his de-
parture remarked: "If I were not a King,
I would be a university man; and if it were
not that I must be a prisoner, if I might
have my wish, I would desire to have no
other prison than that library, and to be
chained together with so many good
authors et mortuis magistris." He prom-
ised Bodley the pick of the royal libraries.
When Bodley went to Whitehall to carry
away some rich prizes in the way of manu-
scripts, he found that this was not so simple
a procedure as he had been led to think,
and he got none of them.
In his last will and testament Bodley
says that inasmuch as the perpetual preser-
vation, support, and maintenance of the
public library in the University greatly sur-
passes all his other worldly cares, and be-
cause he foresees that in process of time
there must be very great want of "convey-
ance and storage for bookes, by reason of
the endless multitude of those that are pres-
ent there and like hereafter to be continu-
ally bought and brought in," he bequeaths
the residue of his estate to the University
for the enlargement of the library quarters.
He devised that a third story room should
be built over the schools, "framed with
some special comeliness of workmanship."
Sir Thomas died Jan. 28, 1912, and is buried
in Merton College chapel, where his monu-
ment is provided with pilasters carved to
represent piles of books, edges outward,
according to the contemporary method of
shelving books.
The foundation stone of the quadrangle
was laid March 30, 1613, and the quadran-
gle was completed in about six years time.
It consists of three storeys on the north,
east and south, with a vaulted passage run-
ning through the middle of the north and
south sides. The entrances from the quad-
rangle to the various schools have their
names lettered in gilt over the doorways.
The gate tower in the middle of the east
side is open at the ground level; its west
front toward the quadrangle has superim-
October, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
743
posed columns of the five classic orders.
On the third floor is a sculptured group rep-
resenting James I enthroned under a canopy
between allegorical figures of Religion and
Fame. The figures were originally gilt, but
in 1614 King James had them painted white
because when the sun shone on them they
dazzled his eyes. In 1634 a beginning was
made in the erection of the new western
side of the quadrangle, ostensibly to corre-
spond with the eastern cross-aisle of 1610.
It was finished in 1640 and its upper floor
constitutes the latest structural addition to
the library, above ground. In 1659 this
part of the library was named in honor of
John Selden because of his valuable be-
quest of books, and is still known as the
Selden end.
THOMAS JAMES, BODLEY's FIRST LIBRARIAN
Thomas James was appointed librarian
on November 8, 1602, the day that Bodley's
Library was formally opened. Previous to
his appointment as librarian, James had
been a fellow of New College, and he had
become favorably known through his re-
searches among the manuscripts in the col-
lege libraries of both Oxford and Cam-
bridge, as well as by his editing the Philo-
biblon of Richard de Bury. The 1599 Ox-
ford edition of the latter work has a long
dedication to Bodley, giving much praise
to him and his associates for their liberality
in the founding of the new library. There
is no hint of the writer's aspiring to the
librarianship.
When James was first appointed, his sal-
ary was £22 135 4d per year, but he almost
immediately asked that it be raised to £30
or £40 and at the same time he asked per-
mission to marry. In his statutes, drawn
up about 1600, Bodley had made celibacy a
requisite for the librarianship, and he re-
monstrated with James on these "unseason-
able and unreasonable motions." Bodley
reluctantly consented to become the first
breaker of his own statutes, which he
intended should thereafter become in-
violable.
No sooner was James appointed librarian
than he gave evidence of his interest in the
new institution by presenting to it various
manuscripts, mostly of the church fathers,
but which Anthony Wood says he had
taken out of several college libraries. In
addition he gave sixty printed volumes. In
1605, James published the first catalog of
the library, a quarto volume of 655 pages in
which the books and manuscripts are
grouped under the four classes of theology,
medicine, law, and the arts, in a roughly
alphabetical order as they stood on the
shelves. There were lists of expositors of
Holy Scripture, commentators on Aristotle,
Hippocrates, and Galen, and also in civil
and canon law. The medical and legal
lists were suggested by Bodley himself.
James was desirous of helping the young-
er students and proposed the formation of
what might be called an undergraduates' li-
brary, but Bodley did not favor the plan.
"Your device for a library for the younger
sort," wrote Sir Thomas, "will have many
great exceptions, and one of special force,
that there must be another keeper ordained
for that place. And where you mention
the younger sort, I know what books should
be bought for them, but the elder, as well
as the younger, may often have occasion
to look upon them: and if there were any
such, they cannot require so great a re-
nown. In effect, to my understanding,
there is much to be said against it, as un-
doubtedly yourself will readily find upon
further consideration."
Brian Twyne, the historian, expressed a
wish "that Mr. James would frequent his
place more diligently, keepe his houres, re-
move away his superfluous papers lienge
scattered about the desks, and shewe him-
selfe more pliable and facill in directinge
of the students to their bookes and pur-
poses." We have other evidence that his
career as librarian was not what had been
hoped for by either the founder or his
later associates. Yet it is granted that his
learning was extensive, and he was "es-
teemed by some a living library," and he
was also skilled in deciphering manuscripts
and in detecting forged readings. He says
that he resigned the librarianship on ac-
count of his severe bodily suffering.
Shortly after his resignation, James is-
sued a second edition of the catalog in 1620,
a quarto of 575 pages, in which the classi-
fied arrangement of the first edition was
abandoned for the alphabetical author list,
which has been retained ever since. In his
744
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[October, 1914
preface, James gives as h\s reason for the
change the frequent difficulty of deciding to
what class a book should be assigned and
the inconvenience resulting from binding
together the works of the same author. He
dilates on the value of the library to for-
eigners who can there consult 16,000 vol-
umes for six hours each day excepting
Sundays and holidays. As evidence of the
richness of its stores, he says that there
are over one hundred folios and quarto
volumes on military art in Greek, Latin and
other languages, and that there are some
three or four thousand books in French,
Italian and Spanish. He calls attention to
the fact that heretical and schismatical
books are not to be read without leave of
the Vice-Chancellor and Regius Professor
of Divinity.
LATER LIBRARIANS
Humphrey Wanley was given the place
of assistant in the library in 1695-96, at a
salary of £12 per year, but at the end of
the year he received a special stipend of
£10 and later of £15 "for his pains about Dr.
Bernard's books." His task was to select
from Dr. Bernard's books such as were
suitable for purchase by the Bodleian. The
selection brought on a bitter quarrel with
Dr. Thomas Hyde, the head librarian. This
estrangement was of short duration, and in
1698 Hyde suggested Wanley as his suc-
cessor, but, without a degree, he was ineli-
gible. In April of 1701, in introducing
Wanley to Harley, Dr. George Hickes said
that Wanley had "the best skill in ancient
hands and manuscripts of any man not only
of this, but I believe of any former age,
and I wish for the sake of the public that
he might meet with the same public en-
couragement here that he would have met
with in France, Holland, or Sweden, had
he been born in any of these countries."
Wanley lived so much among old manu-
scripts that he seems to have fashioned his
ordinary talk after the formalities of the
old documents. Alexander Pope, who was
an excellent mimic, took pleasure in taking
off Wanley's stilted phraseology.
The salaries paid the librarians during
the eighteenth century were pitiably small,
but then the duties were not particularly
onerous. The staff was expected only to
catalog the few books that were received in
the ordinary course of events and to wait
upon the readers, who were by no means
numerous. During the decade 1730-40 an
average of only one or two books per day
are entered in the registers as loaned to
readers; frequently there are many days
without a single entry. For the arranging
or cataloging of any new collections the
staff expected special pay. Thus in 1722
the librarian asked payment for making
certain new hand-lists, but the request was
denied. Nothing daunted, he repeated his
claim annually until in 1725 it was allowed
to the amount of nearly £6. That it was
clearly understood that such work formed
no part of the librarian's regular duties is
seen from a letter of 1751 from Richard
Rawlinson, the generous donor of the large
collection bearing his name, to Owen, the
librarian, saying, "I think large benefactors
should pay the expenses of entries into the
Bodleian, as their books are useless till so
entered." In this same letter Rawlinson
says that he had heard a complaint that in
the time of the previous librarian, Dr. Fysh-
er, "there was a great neglect in the entry
of books into the Benefactors' Catalogue,
and into the interleaved one of the library;
as to these objections, my answers were as
ready as true, at least I hope so, that Dr.
Fysher's indisposition disabled him much
from the duty of his office, and that I did
not think every small benefaction ought to
load the velom register." In a letter to
Rawlinson, two years previous, Owen had
defended the administration of his prede-
cessor, Dr. Fysher, saying that "no man
could have the faithful discharge of his
office more at heart than he had, as I can
assert from my knowledge of the man's
personal character, and from the minutes I
find in the library as his successor."
REFERENCE VS. CIRCULATION
The Bodleian is primarily devoted to
study and research, and works of fiction are
not in general given out to other than grad-
uates of the University, unless the reader
has some literary purpose in asking for
them and so states it on the call slip. Sir
Thomas was very explicit in his directions
as to the use of the library for reference
purposes only. He confesses to having
connived at first at Sir Henry Savile's hav-
ing a book for a very short space of time,
October, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
745
because he was likely
to become a great bene-
factor of the library.
But Bodley declared
that, after making the
statutes, neither he nor
anyone else should be
allowed the same lib-
erty upon any occasion
whatsoever. ''The send-
ing of any book out of
the library may be as-
sented to by no means,"
said he in a letter,
"neither is it a matter
that the University or Vice-Chancellor
are to deal in. It cannot stand with
my publick resolution with the University,
and my denial made to the Bishop of
Glocester and the rest of the Interpreters
[i. e. the translators of the authorized ver-
sion of the Bible] in their assembly in
Christ Church, who requested the like at
my hands for one or two books."
The founder's decision was embodied in
the following statute : "And sith the sundry
examples of former ages, as well in this
University, as in other places of the realm,
have taught us over-often, that the fre-
quent loan of books, hath bin a principal
occasion of the ruin and destruction of
many famous libraries; It is therefore or-
dered and decreed to be observed as a statute
of irrevocable force, that for no regard,
pretence, or cause, there shall at any time,
any volume, either of these that are chained,
or of others unchained, be given or lent, to
any person or persons, of whatsoever state
or calling, upon any kind of caution, or
offer of security, for his faithful restitu-
tion ; and that no such book or volume shall
at any time, by any whatsoever, be carried
forth of the library, for any longer space,
or other uses, and purposes, than, if need
so require, to be sold away for altogether,
as being superfluous or unprofitable ; or
changed for some other of a better edition;
or being over-worn to be new bound again,
and immediately returned, from whence it
was removed. For the execution whereof
in every particular, there shall no man in-
termeddle, but the keeper himself alone,
who is also to proceed with the knowledge,
liking, and direction of those publick over-
seers, whose authority we will notify in oth-
er statutes ensuing."
Thomas Barlow, at one time librarian,
tells how William, Bishop of Lincoln, was
in 1624 denied a certain book which he
wished to borrow. Sir Thomas Roe pre-
sented 29 manuscripts to the Bodleian in
1628 and suggested that his books should
be allowed to circulate for purposes of
printing if proper security were given, and
this suggestion was accepted by convoca-
tion. In the following year the Earl of
Pembroke presented the Barrocci collec-
tion and expressed a willingness to allow
the manuscripts to be loaned if thought
necessary, but one of them suffered irre-
vocable injury shortly after it came into the
library. In 1634 the library acquired by
746
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[October, 1914
gift the manuscripts of Sir Kenelm Digby
with the stipulation that their use could not
be strictly confined within the walls of the
library, but afterwards he modified this,
leaving the matter to the discretion of the
university authorities and consequently they
fell into the general Bodleian statutes. The
next five years were signalized by the dona-
tions of Archbishop Laud, who charged
that none of the books should on any ac-
count be taken out of the library, only on
condition that they be printed and so be-
come public property, in which case there
was sufficient security to be demanded and
proof by the Vice-Chancellors and proctors,
and after printing the manuscripts should
be immediately restored to their proper
places in the library. Professor Chandler
claimed that this stipulation of Laud had
not been observed of late years by the cura-
tors. In 1636 Laud himself was refused
when he wished to borrow the manuscript of
Robert Hare's book of University Privi-
leges. King Charles requested the loan of
a book and was refused in 1645, and in 1654
Cromwell, who wanted to borrow a book
for the Portuguese ambassador, was also
refused. Both rulers not only acquiesced
in the decision but expressed their approval
of the Bodleian statutes. In 1654 Selden
was permitted by convocation to borrow
manuscripts from the Barrocci, Roe, and
Digby collections on condition that he did
not have more than three out at a time and
that he gave a bond of £100 for the return
of each manuscript within a year. When
Selden's own books came as a bequest to
the Bodleian his executors stipulated that
no book from his collection should there-
after be loaned to any person on any con-
dition.
At different times it has been proposed to
so modify the statutes as to sanction the
lending of books, a practice which had been
permitted to go on at various periods with-
out authority. The proposal to convert the
Bodleian into a lending library has been
scornfully rejected on several occasions as
a violation of the Founder's expressed will,
and sure to work harm to the institution.
The argument that since foreign libraries
were willing to lend, the Bodleian ought to
be willing to reciprocate, did not appeal to
Professor Chandler, one of the most ac-
tive and outspoken of the curators. He
thought it about as valid as if one should
say: "My friend X has signified his will-
ingness to lend me his banjo, and therefore
I am bound to lend him my Erard's piano, if
he asks for it." "The Bodleian," said he,
"is equalled and even far surpassed in point
of numbers by other libraries, but for qual-
ity and real value there are not in all the
world a dozen that could, or by any com-
petent person would, be compared with it,
and this fact makes all the difference when
lending is in question. You might lend and
lose half the books at Gottingen, and still
be able without very much trouble or ex-
pense to replace them to the satisfaction of
that University. By losing a single half-
dozen of some of our Bodleian books, you
might seriously maim and cripple a large
department; and as to replacing the half-
dozen, you might just as well try to replace
the coal in our coal pits."
Chandler considered it a degradation of
the Bodleian to look on it as a sort of en-
larged and diversified Mudie. "Our books
may be all over Oxford, — nay, all over
Europe; they may be in Germany, in France,
in India, in London, at Cambridge, and
Heaven only knows where ! What is all
this but the first step toward turning the
Bodleian into a vast and vulgar circulating
library? I must say again, as I have said
elsewhere, that the Bodleian Library is ab-
solutely peerless and unique ; it was founded
and augmented by learned men for learned
men; it was never meant for the motley
crowd which in the present day crams the
Camera and the library itself. It is sad
to one who remembers what the Bodleian
was even thirty years ago to see such rapid
decline, such manifest token of disregard
for all that once rendered the place a sacred
spot." If the University "would but re-
member what a unique and priceless treas-
ure it possesses in this noble library, if it
only knew how easy it is for rashness and
ignorance to damage and to ruin it, how
difficult it is even for knowledge to preserve
it, ability and willingness to serve it would
be the indispensable and the only qualifica-
tions demanded, and neither age, nor rank,
dignity, nor above all party, would be for
one moment taken into account."
[To Be Concluded.]
LIBRARY PLANNING
BY JAMES I. WYER, JR., Director New York State Library, Albany, and President of
the New York Library Association, 1913-14.
FOR over 200 years American cities have
grown fortuitously haphazard, with no stud-
ied or logical effort to secure beauty, utility
or healthfulness. Their location, lay-out,
industries, etc., have been matters of chance.
Their streets have followed cow-paths and
Indian trails. Now after a century or two
we have begun to give some attention to
their welfare and are on the crest of a wave
of city planning. Architects and landscape
gardeners dream dreams and see visions
of an idealized, often a fanciful city. En-
gineers and skilled executives bring these
visions down to earth, attach to them con-
ditions for practical development. Profes-
sional city planners, latest of the countless
brood of experts, provide open spaces,
parks, playgrounds, boulevards, see that
public buildings are segregated and beauti-
fied, that art objects are effectively placed,
that all building is so restricted as to be
sanitary, and arrange for all necessary de-
tails to realize the dream. These dreams,
the details for their interpretation, the
ideal as well as the practical, with pictures,
plans and specifications are then all put into
print as a definite program for the city's
growth.
Why not a similar program for each li-
brary? Why not library planning as well
as city planning? How many librarians
have ever taken pencil and paper and set
down or spread upon the records a definite,
carefully considered statement of the aim,
functions and work of their libraries, the
scope of their collections and the environ-
ments which condition these things? It
would surely be a salutary and interesting
exercise in composition, for every library no
less than every city needs such a plan, and
the library plan like the city plan should be
a blend of dream and detail, of prophecy
and performance. It should be a survey
noting not only past history and present
conditions, but also looking into and plan-
ning for the future so far as this may ever
be possible.
Such a library plan is only in accord with
an increasingly prevalent usage of which
the city plan is but one instance. We hear
of surveys, educational, industrial, military,
scientific, social, relating to a city (Pitts-
burgh Survey), a state (the Carnegie
Foundation report on education in Ver-
mont), a region or a nation (the work and
report of the Country Life Commission),
which clear the ground, assemble the data
and pave the way for the definitive plan. A
competent survey and plan are commoner
in commerce, in industrial enterprise, where
gain is at stake than in intellectual and
spiritual enterprise, though the latter have
in very recent years been taking many
leaves from the books of business and af-
fairs.
I suppose surveys and plans are but neces-
sary preliminaries and parts of that semi-
mythical ogre, Scientific Management, of
which we hear so much nowadays, a truly
odious and impertinent term when applied
to things of the spirit, but which may with a
degree of propriety be applied to the con-
duct of institutions which foster the intel-
lectual and spiritual life, for while educa-
tion, religion and culture in essence have
naught in common with scientific manage-
ment, it can scarcely be denied that schools,
churches and libraries may be administered
either well or ill. They are all spenders of
public or trust funds and certainly every
such institution is under obligation to spend
these funds not only honestly but wisely.
I fear it is true that libraries and schools
in our country have, Topsy-like, "just
growed" instead of having been "brought
up" with method, foresight and large mind-
edness, and that untold waste, duplication
and groping for adjustment have resulted.
Crass individualism has been the too domi-
nant note in library development. Each
library for the past fifty years has
gone on its way pretty much regardless of
its neighbors, its most fitting office, its ob-
vious special functions or the conditions of
resources and environment which must col-
or and condition its work. More attention
748
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[October, 1914
has been paid to getting libraries launched
than to providing them with chart and com-
pass. Once launched, two familiar and
sacred articles in the sailing directions were,
and too often still are, "Take everything"
and "Part with nothing." After a half
century many single libraries are getting
pretty well organized and in service they are
differentiating into distinct types. The
time has come to survey the entire field at
once and to consider each library not alone
and unrelated to any other, but as a part
of the great whole, as a factor "in a single
comprehensive organization in which each
member shall have its own definite part to
play, yet will also stand in distinct and mu-
tually helpful relations to all the other mem-
bers." (C. H. Gould, A. L. A. Bulletin
3:122.)
Social and industrial changes too, swift
and momentous, have profoundly affected
the aims and methods of all social and civic
institutions, libraries no less than others.
The telephone, the parcel post, rural de-
livery, good roads and motor cars, the
ultimate possibilities of which in library
administration are no't yet remotely realized,
may easily affect and have affected not only
practices but policies as well. Within the
library field itself union card catalogs,
union lists of serials, lists showing the lo-
cation of special collections, information bu-
reaus, interlibrary loans, all serve to weld
library resources together for reference
work and to scatter books far and wide at
slight cost, in a way undreamed of twenty-
five years ago. And as the resources of
all or of many libraries are thus brought
within easy reach of each, there open at
once vast possibilities for inter-library re-
lations, the highest effectiveness of which
will depend upon the measure in which each
library plans its own work and shapes its
own collections with relation to the whole.
With the resources of all more and more
available for each, libraries will be freer to
become careful elections of books instead
of mere collections. Any one may co/lect
books but not all can select from them a
notable library.
What are the factors and influences
which suggest and condition a library plan ?
I. The community and clientele.
These are the chiefest of all factors in
determining the program for a library. Is
it in an industrial center (Gloversville), an
educational center (Ithaca), the suburb of
a great city (White Plains) ? In no one of
these three typical communities will the li-
brary's collection of books, its methods of
work and the demands upon it, closely re-
semble these factors in either one of the
other towns.
2. Other libraries in the community.
The library facilities of any city must be
considered as a unit and the fullest measure
of co-operation between all of them should
exist. One, and only one library in a com-
munity should attempt an exhaustive col-
lection relating to local history; an exten-
sive collection of government documents
should be built up at only one library. One
library should emphasize reference work
and another circulation, and each attempt
to strengthen itself and the other in their
respective fields.
3. Other libraries anywhere available.
Every library in even the smallest town,
particularly in the smallest town, should
know intimately the resources and privi-
leges offered by libraries in the nearest
large city, by the state library, by the Li-
brary of Congress, and should rely upon
and utilize these privileges for all excep-
tional demands.
And in turn the small library will some-
times acquire or learn of a rare book, an
unusual broadside or manuscript, or a spe-
cial collection which obviously relate to or
belong in a larger library in another county
or city, perhaps even in another state and
which it may be instrumental in locating
appropriately.
4. Present and prospective resources of
the library.
Present fiscal resources are easier to
reckon with than those to come. Gifts and
bequests are fitful, public appropriations
fluctuate, income waxes and wanes with
commercial and industrial plenty or dearth.
And yet such factors as are reasonably con-
stant may be counted upon to justify under-
taking a new line of work or adding a new
collection or subject to the book resources
or scope of the collections. This matter of
the growth of a library suggests some in-
teresting observations. Not every library
should expect to continue indefinitely to
INTERIOR OF THE BROWNSVILLE CHILDREN S BRANCH
NEW BROWNSVILLE CHILDREN'S BRANCH, BROOKLYN PUBLIC LIBRARY
Sec page 761
October, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
749
grow in number of titles. Some libraries
will fulfill their proper ends without ever
becoming appreciably larger, and the num-
ber of such (chiefly public, circulating or
rubscription libraries) will tend to increase.
In places where the population is station-
ary or is tending to becpme so and which
have been served for say twenty-five years
by wide awake public libraries with reason-
ably adequate incomes the new titles bought
each year will very often not greatly exceed
the total of books replaced, worn out and
not replaced, weeded out as obsolete or no
longer useful and the annual additions of
bound periodicals, which latter while
strengthening the library do not add new
titles to its catalog. A regular examination
of a large number of library reports will
show a good many which record a net gain
of accessions very much less than the num-
ber of new titles acquired. Just as a store
in the country or outlying part of a city
will do a healthy, and successful business for
years with a stock of goods frequently turned
over but nearly constant in size, without
ever becoming or expecting to become a
mammoth down town emporium; so a pub-
lic library in a small town or a branch serv-
ing a stable population of 40,000 will some
day reach a size which will be about ade-
quate for the normal and regular needs of
its community. For exceptional needs in
literature as in laces, in magazines as in
millinery, the small local vendor must ex-
pect to serve his customers by bringing from
the larger metropolitan shops what he does
not find necessary to carry constantly in
stock. But the small and constant stocks
of neither grocer nor library will be identi-
cal in detail year by year. Each will reflect
the new and changing tastes of their pa-
trons in books as well as in breakfast foods,
in fiction as in fruits, in poetry as in pro-
visions. Is it not possible that some libra-
ries strive unduly for mere size, for a large
accessions number and pay too little heed
to the fitness of the books for their patrons ?
When a merchant embarks upon unwise and
ill-judged expansion he invites disaster.
There are on the other hand, certain fac-
tors and influences which operate to make
library planning difficult, sometimes wholly
to prevent it. These are :
i. An unsympathetic or indifferent gov-
erning board, one which will refuse to do
its proper part in occupying the local libra-
ry field, which may be oblivious to its op-
portunities or narrow in its conceptions of
the library's field and functions; unwilling,
for example, to part with inappropriate
books. Another type of library board may
be too ambitious, insisting upon needless
and wasteful duplication, so zealous of the
library's renown or so filled with the spirit
of competition that its effort will be to
drive out all other library enterprise as a
business house drives out a competitor;
2. Disregard or ignorance on the part of
other libraries of natural, logical or definite-
ly settled co-operative functions and oppor-
tunities ;
3. Gifts and bequests which are inappro-
priate or which have ill-judged conditions
or restrictions attached.
This is a large, a difficult and a delicate
matter. It is ungracious to specify them,
but we all can cite cases where a person
sincerely desirous of giving a library to a
city or village and of providing adequately
for its conduct and support has left mat-
ters as nicely calculated to harass, postpone
or actually to defeat the desired end as if
an enemy had planned the bequest and writ-
ten the will. The specific varieties of awk-
ward, ill-advised, unconsidered testament-
ary efforts in nominal behoof of libraries
are numerous far beyond belief or the time
to catalog them here. This may be a good
time and place to record a bit of sound and
gratuitous advice to which may be referred
prospective library benefactors. It is this —
that no testamentary provision touching a li-
brary should be finally fixed without full
consultation with a library adviser of recog-
nized renown and familiar with the local
conditions to be affected.
Once fairly founded and running the li-
brary, or more accurately the librarian, will
again and again be beset by this business of
inappropriate gifts. If its founder or a long-
time trustee is unswervingly determined
to present to the library at Rustic Cross
Roads the finest collection of books in the
world on Tlingit mythology, how are you
going to prevent it ? And this is exactly the
kind of thing that is being done every week.
We find collections, notable but erratical-
ly bestowed, on Arctic exploration in the
750
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[October, 1914
library of the Western Reserve Historical
Society and in the New London, Connecti-
cut, Public Library, on chess at the Library
Company of Philadelphia, on English
grammars at Ohio Wesleyan University, and
at St. Lawrence University the Credner
collection, unclassified, uncataloged, un-
known, of 2000 German titles on the theo-
logical history of the Reformation. The
Scottish Rite Masonic Library in Washing-
;on has an important collection on American
.ravel ; the Metropolitan Museum of Art has
an unusual Franklin collection; the Brook-
line, Massachusetts, Public Library has a
collection of slave laws of the southern
states; a public library in a distinctly rural
community of 1200 people in this state has
the $3000 set of Curtis' American Indian.
How many libraries ever engaged in dip-
lomacy or argument to avert a gift or to .
direct it into more sensible and legitimate
channels ? How many even scrutinize as to
suitability the considerable grist of free
books and pamphlets which daily reach their
libraries?
Library planning begins with the smallest
single library. No library is so tiny or so
remote that it may not with profit take
thought of its own proper and particular
purpose, but the very first such thought
must and will be inseparable from the ob-
vious fact that no library can or should live
to itself alone. "All are needed by each
one."
The best plan for even the smallest li-
brary involves thought for other libraries
and forces consideration of the programs, or
at least the facilities — the possibilities for
co-operation afforded by neighboring libra-
ries and in turn the reciprocal favors and
facilities which your own library (be it
small or great) can offer to all other libra-
ries of the county, city, state, or even coun-
try. These considerations will be factors
and large factors in determining the legiti-
mate field and function of your own collec-
tion and in preparing for it a formal plan.
While there probably is more informal
regard paid to such local co-ordination
among libraries than is generally known, es-
pecially in the purchase of books, yet there
are certainly few such examples as that of
the written agreement existing Between
the chief libraries of Chicago, defining the
scope of their respective collections. It
would be interesting to know how many
single libraries have ever drawn up a for-
mal program for their own guidance. If
every library in the land should after care-
ful consideration formulate such a plan as
is here suggested and live up to it, while
absolutely rigid and exact results would not
follow nor are they indeed probably de-
sirable even if possible, these very salutary
tendencies and results among others would
inevitably and eventually appear :
1. Duplication of purchases would be pre-
vented. One illustration will suffice. Lib-
eral grants to American college libraries for
books plus the zeal and vigilance of Euro-
pean book sellers have resulted in placing
more sets of some of the expensive and
relatively little used European serials in
American libraries than are really needed.
Two sets of a carefully selected list of such
serials placed in the John Crerar Library,
for example, would probably serve two
dozen Mississippi Valley college libraries
each of which has either bought these sets
or means to buy them at the earliest oppor-
tunity, at prices which are rapidly increas-
ing because of the large number of competi-
tors;
2. Unnecessary competition among libra-
ries for material would be greatly reduced.
Too many libraries are buying material it-
self intrinsically desirable but which a wid-
er knowledge of the contents of other libra-
ries would show to be more logically placed
elsewhere. This refers, of course, not to
minor current purchases but to libraries en
bloc or to extensive and unusual sets of peri-
odicals and transactions.
3. Library resources on special subjects
would become better segregated and consoli-
dated. Notable special collections would
acquire added material and renown and
would be more appropriately located;
4. The functions of different types of li-
braries as well as the resources of individual
libraries would become more sharply de-
fined and more easily and exactly known;
5. The reference resources of all libra-
ries would acquire added and easier effect-
iveness, mobility and unity;
6. Many libraries would be freed from
fixed over-head charges for organizing and
administering irrelevant and unnecessary
October, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
751
material which if kept at all would be di-
verted or transferred to more appropriate
depositories.
Library planning to be most potent must
be universal and therefore of wide publicity.
Of course if every library had a model plan
based on the knowledge of every other li-
brary necessary to its own program, then a
wide and sufficient publicity would be ob-
tained. This ideal cannot be reached at
once or rapidly but the best way to work
toward it is for each library to make its
own plan and furnish copies to all other
interested libraries. In the Handbook for
readers issued by the New York State Li-
brary and distributed to all registered libra-
ries and high schools in the state appears a
detailed statement of the scope of the State
Library's collections and the privileges of-
fered by it to all other libraries of the state.
This is very well — though our correspon-
dence indicates that the contents of the
Handbook are not as minutely familiar to
many libraries as they should be — but think
how useful would be a handbook containing
similar statements for every library in the
state.
Another benefit from library planning is
that it brings to each library and especially
to small libraries a new sense of profes-
sional solidarity. It reveals you to yourself
as part of a much broader and more effect-
ive library machinery. It widens horizons.
The moment that, in making a plan for
one library, you consider (as you must)
other libraries, that moment you touch the
fringe of a kindred and equally important
topic, library co-ordination.
This is not a new subject. It has been
discussed at library meetings and by com-
mittees for a dozen years or more, notably
by President Eliot at the Magnolia confer-
ence in 1902 when he urged the separation
of dead books from live ones and the pro-
viding of a place of sepulture or storage for
them. In 1909 at Bretton Woods, Mr. C. H.
Gould, who has already been quoted, elabor-
ated and vivified Dr. Eliot's plan by suggest-
ing regional libraries which should not only
act as custodians of all books, dead or live,
deposited with them by libraries in their
district, but which should act as clearing
houses, central reference and lending libra-
ries and in general relieve all libraries of
all functions not appropriate to their current
local work. This ambitious plan for library
co-ordination has as yet been wholly theory.
It can be tried fairly only on a very large
scale. Other papers have discussed it, com-
mittees have turned it round and round and
while there is general agreement as to the
importance of the matter, no practical real-
izing step has ever been taken. Does not
library planning make library co-operation
more definite? May not library planning
hasten library co-operation in the following
definite ways?
1. Let every library make a plan for
itself.
2. Let certain great libraries plan for and
with those of a given region, for example,
the state library for all libraries in the
state, or all the libraries of the same city.
Suppose in New York state the State Li-
brary should attempt to put into print a
statement emphasizing and detailing its re-
lation to all other New York libraries; de-
fining more specifically the functions and
limitations of local collections whether in
public, college or historical libraries, and
stating in detail the specific opportunities
for mutual co-operation.
3. Certain groups of libraries of the
same type (college libraries, state libraries,
historical libraries) might make a plan for
the entire group. Thus it might be agreed
among them that each state library should
have first claim to the best collection of
laws and public documents of its own state,
that all others should recognize this by re-
fraining from competition, by referring of-
fers to the state most interested, perhaps
even by turning over books owned by one
state library which are lacking from the
collections of the state of first publication.
The foregoing statements are based on
the general assumption that there is far too
little method in planning and building up the
book collections in our libraries and too little
definite and formal thought as to their aims
and work. Libraries are not alone in this
aimless or indifferent attitude. An analogy
is not far to seek. It is a truism in educa-
tional circles that there are too many col-
leges; Bulletin 4 of the Carnegie Founda-
tion asserts in positive fashion that there
are too many medical schools. There are
not yet too many libraries for we are later
752
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[October, 1914
in the educational field than schools and
colleges but ere there shall be too many
libraries let us stop and do some sober
thinking so that the warning already sound-
ed to other educational institutions shall not
come to be true about us. I said a moment
ago that there are not yet too many libra-
ries. But in one field of library endeavor —
the offices created by our several state gov-
ernments to centralize certain library func-
tions which should be performed by the
state — state libraries, library commissions,
legislative reference bureaus, historical li-
braries— it seems quite clear that there has
already been some duplication of work and
that consolidation would be wise in some
states. It is probably well merely as a
measure of reasonable precaution in the
case of a movement developing so fast as
our libraries have lately grown and are now
growing, occasionally to "stop, look and
listen."
RELATION OF THE LIBRARY TO THE BOY SCOUT
AND CAMP FIRE GIRL MOVEMENT*
BY Miss ELIZABETH MANCHESTER, Detroit Public Library.
IT is full many a league from the illumi-
nated manuscript and the chained volume of
the past to the printed page and open shelf
of to-day, and as we see history in the mak-
ing, as well as standard and popular fiction
flashed upon the screens of the "movies,"
one peers into the future and wonders if
our library buildings with all their elabo-
rate equipment may not be outgrown, and
the knowledge conveyed by the printed
page of the present transmitted in some
more advanced manner.
In the face of progress and changing
conditions why should we cling to only
one method of distributing knowledge?
The passing of a book over a charging
desk.
It seemed that almost unawares the
story-hour stole upon us and we found our-
selves giving the children in the most con-
crete form and in the most fascinating
manner the best that literature had to
offer. This was followed by the illustrated
lecture of the specialist furnishing the
busy adult with a broad knowledge of
technical subjects as well as of travel and
of history, formerly obtained only through
individual research and study; and now we
are reaching out through clubs of various
sorts, to attract and hold our young peo-
ple, and it is of our work in this connec-
tion, that I am asked to speak to you to-
day. The Boy Scout and Camp Fire Girl
•Read at the Michigan-Wisconsin library meeting,
Menommee-Marinette, July 29-31, 1914.
organizations as developed in connection
with branch library work in Detroit.
For some years we have had literary
and scientific clubs for boys and girls as a
part of our library work, but there is a
large percentage of young people whom
the library never can hope to reach by
books or reading, and it is to this class that
the Boy Scout and Camp Fire idea especial-
ly appeals. Through introducing these or-
ganizations in connection with our work
we may attract their attention and then it
is our own fault if we do not make the
most of our opportunity.
I have seen a group of Camp Fire girls
who formerly had refused to read anything
but the lightest fiction, led through their in-
terest in first aid work to the biographies
of Florence Nightingale and Clara Barton
and through searching for an Indian legend
upon which to found their Camp Fire, be-
come thoroughly interested in Indian folk
lore. Moreover, boys who never used the
library before becoming scouts, were per-
suaded to read Cooper and biographies of
Audubon and Crockett, through a system of
merit marks offered by their scout master,
for a certain number of books checked on
their library cards.
The impression seems to have gone
abroad that our branch librarians have per-
sonally conducted these clubs. This is not
the case. We have simply confined our-
selves to organization, the supplying of our
library auditoriums as meeting places, and
October, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
753
the purchase and distribution of relative
literature. The clubs are under the direct
charge of scout masters and guardians sup-
plied from the headquarters of these or-
ganizations, or secured by the librarian
through interesting someone in the neigh-
borhood capable of bein^ placed in charge.
These in turn obtain the services of special-
ists who give instructions in first aid, as-
tronomy, etc. The Boy Scout troops have
adopted the names of branches with which
they are affiliated, and in some cases the
librarian has acted as secretary and treas-
urer and assisted in raising funds to finance
the summer camp. The library also fur-
nishes lectures allied to their various activi-
ties, and places on exhibition photographs,
posters, and bulletins to illustrate to the
people in the neighborhood the part their
clubs are taking in the general work. Prop-
erly conducted a Boy Scout troop soon be-
comes a vital factor in any community.
"Be prepared" and "Do a good turn daily"
is their motto, and scouts are always ready
to lend a helping hand individually or col-
lectively. To illustrate: On Memorial Day
the patriotic societies of our neighborhood
called upon our branch library for scouts
to decorate graves in the cemetery. A
large delegation responded and worked
diligently all day, notwithstanding the fact
that there was a circus within a few blocks.
On another occasion, we received a call
for help from a lady who had recently
moved into our district, whose two small
boys were, for some unknown reason, be-
ing persecuted by a band of malicious
youngsters. She was at a loss how to
handle the situation, when one of the chil-
dren remarked, "If there were some boy
scouts around these fellows would be afraid
to pick on us." Being impressed with this
idea she called and asked our advice. A
couple of the scouts were sent to the home
to discuss the situation with the mother and
it was decided to warn the gang to behave
themselves, and if this had no effect to call
for reinforcements to handle the situation.
It happened, however, that several of the
gang lurking in the neighborhood observed
the visit of the scouts and learned from one
of the small boys why they had come. Al-
though the scouts were prepared to enforce
order, their mere appearance proved suffi-
cient to check the trouble and nothing more
was heard of the matter.
We all know Tom Sawyers exist to-day
as surely as they did in Mark Twain's time.
Imagine if you can, the ingenuity of a Tom
Sawyer directed to the daily invention of
a good turn. While this practice often has
its humorous side, its daily repetition is an
influence for character building which can-
not be over-estimated. We have in our Li-
brary a "good turn box" belonging to the
scouts and made by them, in which each
week are deposited accounts of good turns
rendered. At the weekly scout meeting
these are read aloud, names being with-
held, and the troops vote on the number of
credits each scout deserves.
The foundation of the Boy Scout move-
ment is so secure, its development in all
countries and under all conditions capable
of such constant growth, that I do not
think it too much to assert that the idea
was an inspiration. It is, primarily, applied
discipline to the "gang" spirit, and as has
been said, "Not the discipline of the bar-
rack yard, but the discipline of the New
Testament."
The Boy Scout movement has for its aim
the development of the boy, mentally, mor-
ally and physically. The clean, wholesome,
outdoor exercise gives him an outlet for
his high spirits, at the same time training
him for his coming manhood. When on a
"hike" or in a summer camp the scout
learns many things of value that the ordi-
nary boy never has an opportunity to be-
come acquainted with.
Before he becomes a scout a boy must
promise :
"On my honor I will do my best :
To do my duty to God and my country
and to obey the scout law ;
To help other people at all times;
To keep myself physically strong, men-
tally awake, and morally straight."
Following are the twelve scout laws
which he promises to obey: To be trust-
worthy, loyal, helpful, friendly, courteous,
kind, obedient, cheerful, thrifty, brave,
clean, and reverent.
It appeared that the introduction of Boy
Scout troops in connection with branch li-
braries in Detroit was undertaken at the
754
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[October, 1914
psychological moment. Last year we
opened six branch libraries and this meant
the handling, subduing and winning over,
of just as many "gangs" as happened to
exist in these six districts. Those branch
libraries where scout troops were immedi-
ately organized found them of the greatest
assistance. They were able to handle diffi-
cult situations when the police failed and
in some cases the "gangs" were converted
into scout troops, thus establishing order
in a very short time. We have not, how-
ever, thought it advisable to attempt to
found a troop in a neighborhood where a
similar movement was already under way;
wasting time and energy when as much
might be accomplished along library lines,
by co-operating with troops already estab-
lished. On the other hand, the library is in
a position to reach boys and girls who can
not be appealed to through either the
church or the school, and the Boy Scout
leaders tell me that for this reason the li-
brary troops are most successful. They
have no particular religious affiliations and
they are cosmopolitan.
When our librarian was requested by the
Michigan Library Association to give a
report on the Boy Scout and Camp Fire
work at this meeting, the President wrote:
"It seems that there are people who do not
approve of the Boy Scouts or Camp Fire
Girls idea, and therefore, of course, feel
that the library should have nothing to do
with it." In our work in Detroit we have
met with no opposition along this line, but
when the Boy Scouts were first organized
the labor unions, the Socialists and the Ro-
man Catholics raised some objections.
The Boy Scout Manual first printed in
England and from which our manual was
copied, contains some references which of-
fended the labor union leaders of this
country. As soon as this was discovered
the whole edition of this work was called
in and the offending clauses eliminated.
In the meantime, word had gone over the
country that labor union leaders were not
in sympathy with the movement. It has
taken time to live this down, notwithstand-
ing the fact that later all objections were
withdrawn, and there is a letter on file at
scout headquarters in New York to this
effect. The objections raised by the Ro-
man Catholics have also been overcome and
they are now hearty in their co-operation.
The criticism advanced by the Socialist
party is based on alleged militarism. It is
a fact that the Boy Scouts drill and march,
but when scouting is understood it is plain-
ly seen that this is only for the purpose of
organization and discipline. An editorial
in the Detroit News on this subject says in
part: "Boy Scouts wear a uniform, it is
true, but so do ambassadors and bell hops.
Probably it is because their activities lead
out into the open that their uniform is more
like the standard military dress than some
others. For some people of queer notions
a uniform is in itself an offence to the eye
and an alarm to the understanding. The
Boy Scout learns to obey orders, keep
himself clean, support contention with his
fellows without recourse to rowdyism, and
have regard for his physical and moral
health. This may be military in the sense
that military training aims to accomplish
the same effects, but they are the effects
which fundamentally are required for good
citizenship and that seems to be the really
all inclusive aim of the Boy Scout organiza-
tion."
The expense involved in founding and
maintaining Camp Fire groups is the only
point of disapproval I have heard ad-
vanced in connection with this movement.
It does not seem to me that this is great
enough to stand in the way of any wide-
awake club of girls. Miss Parker, the na-
tional secretary of the Association, says on
this subject : "We believe absolutely in the
principle of self-support. Instead of girls
being encouraged to expect something for
nothing they are trained to pay with their
own effort for what they get. An economic
principle which will affect their whole lives
is being taught through this Camp Fire
fee. Girls take much more pride in the
organization when they feel that they are
carrying their share of responsibility in it.
The annual dues amount to fifty cents a
girl. There are other expenses, but these
can be made as much or as little as the
girl desires."
In defining for you the meaning of the
Camp Fire organization I had perhaps best
quote from their manual. "The Camp Fire
Girls organization is for girls, what the Boy
October, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
755
Scout organization is for boys, with a dif-
ference. The Camp Fire girls place the
emphasis first on fire, which is their sym-
bol and which stands for the center of the
home. Their watchword is Wohelo, a word
made up by combining the first two letters
of each of the words, Work, Health and
Love. The groups are composed of mem-
bers for the most part in their teens and
the leader is appointed by the National
Board. Her title is Guardian of the Fire,
and her aim is to improve the girls morally,
mentally, and physically." We have in our
branch a Camp Fire group which meets
once a week in our Library Club Room.
But in order to emphasize the central idea
of the Camp Fire the guardian holds the
monthly ceremonial meeting in her home.
In the library the girls have been taught
first aid, basketry and bead work, a library
assistant reading aloud or entertaining by
story telling while these activities are in
progress.
Detroit, because of its phenomenal and
sudden commercial growth has found itself
unprepared to cope with the recreation side
of its civic activities. The library received
the S. O. S. call to save our young people
and responded by contributing its branch
library auditoriums and the services of its
branch librarians in organizing these
neighborhood clubs. This experiment has
worked out successfully for the good of all,
and if our library ship has drifted some-
what out of the prescribed course, in es-
tablishing a precedent, it does not follow
that we have lost sight of any of our li-
brary ideals or intend to unduly emphasize
the social service of our branch library
work.
THE A. L. A. PARTY IN SOUTHERN
EUROPE
FROM a journal written by Miss Theresa
Hitchler of the Brooklyn Public Library,
descriptive of the travels of the A. L. A.
party in Europe last summer, we are able
to quote some interesting paragraphs. The
party sailed from Boston July n on the
Canopic, and after stopping at the Azores,
Madeira, Gibraltar, and Algiers, the party
was landed at Naples. From Naples the
party visited Amalfi, Sorrento, and Pom-
peii, and weit from there to Rome. The
remaining paragraphs are quoted verbatim
from Miss Hitchler's account:
It was here in Rome that the first fear-
some echo of war saluted our unbelieving
ears. So well and carefully are news-
papers censored in European countries that
America in all probability knew before we
did what the Powers were contemplating.
On Saturday, August I, we received our
first disquieting conviction and the tug of
war began everywhere to be felt, literally.
From this time forward a damper was
placed on our spirits, on our unalloyed en-
joyment of the treasures and pleasures of
sightseeing. Banks, hotels, and the Amer-
ican Express Company temporarily sus-
pended the important operation of cashing
checks and all communication with Amer-
ica by mail seemed cut off for the time
being.
An undaunted but serious minded party
of twenty-four left Rome on Monday, Aug-
ust 3, for Florence, a seven-hour trip by
train through the most beautiful country
imaginable, with the green hills of Tuscany
to gladden the eyes. We now knew that
the war was serious. Everywhere trains
were carrying back to their various coun-
tries loyal subjects recalled by their sover-
eigns. Italy was neutral but mobilizing her
troops. Fields as we passed them showed
fewer and fewer men at work and we were
glad when at last at 9:30 o'clock in the
evening, we reached Florence, a city which
impressed one as sad and somewhat secre-
tive.
One of the first things we were instruct-
ed to attend to was the getting of emer-
gency passports or certificates. To the
Consul's we went and made out the neces-
sary forms, still thinking, however, that
this would prove an unnecessary precau-
tion. But we soon began to realize the
very serious aspect of the war. Our guide
no longer engaged carriages for us in our
visits to the various points of interest,
money was scarce and the future so uncer-
tain that the little we had, had to be care-
fully husbanded. We either walked or took
the tram to the churches, the museums and
the galleries. A visit to Dante's house
was highly interesting and entertaining,
not only because of the treasures there pre-
756
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[October, 1914
served but for the reason that a most sym-
pathetic and intelligent guide took us
through and explained everything in detail.
This was the beginning of the uncertain-
ty as to whether we'd remain in Italy and
take passage home from there or make an
effort to reach London. A few fell by the
wayside and returned to Naples, gaining
little thereby. Most of the party were good
sports and decided to push through to Eng-
land if at all possible. Fortunately the
danger that threatened us most seriously
did not occur to the women and the men-
tion of such possibility was withheld by
the men. If Italy had not declared her
neutrality we should have been trapped,
unable to leave the country.
After a few days in Florence it was de-
cided to run the risk of pushing on to
Venice, so at 3 o'clock in the afternoon of
Saturday, August 8, we started. At Bolo-
gna we stopped and dined in the station and
to our horror and surprise found our train
had gone, our bags and other impedimenta
dropped on the platform helter-skelter and
our guide busy readjusting things to meet
this unexpected change of train. The first
half of our trip to Venice was wonderful.
We crossed the Apennines, passing through
forty-nine tunnels and over viaducts to
accomplish it. The second half of the
journey was through flat, green country
with little variation. After crossing a nar-
row causeway we reached Venice at 9:55
in the evening and had our first glimpse of
the fascinating old lady by moonlight, thus
missing all her imperfections and seeing
only what she once was. This impression
remained next day when in the garish light
of day we eyed her again and more keenly
and critically. Out of the station we
tumbled, bag and baggage, to the water
front, where a barge or baggage gondola
waited to take us safely to our hotel. The
romance of that moonlight ride through
the Grand Canal and the smaller canals,
with the full moon shining overhead was
only excelled by the one we took the fol-
lowing night, when we listened for half an
hour to the strains which emanated from
the floating Venetian serenaders !
The libraries we visited in Rome and
Florence and Venice particularly were so
different from our modern conception of
what a library should be — and do — and the
collections so rare and valuable, so beau-
tifully illuminated, many of them, that I'd
almost forgotten to mention them as libra-
ries, and our visit to them as a justification
for our trip, our library pilgrimage. They
have really grown in importance since the
visit to the Leipzig exhibit had to be given
up and the Oxford meeting faded into
nothingness as we advanced. In Venice the
most courteous of librarians showed us his
treasures among which was the original of
the Grimani Breviari, the sight of which
made me want to become a collector on the
spot.
The International Exhibition of Arts
held in the grounds of the Gardens, which
we visited one morning, was one of the
strongest I'd ever seen, most interesting,
and representing a refreshing variety of
subjects, a welcome change after the many
Madonnas and other religious pictures we'd
seen and enjoyed. It was drawn from all
over Europe and impressed one with the
wide horizon possessed by European ar-
tists who seem not afraid to paint pictures
that mean something as a rule, choosing
their subjects from the great allegories or
great epochs of history.
At Venice it was we heard definitely and
officially that the United States Govern-
ment had appropriated $2,000,000 to assist
in getting Americans home. While in
Venice we three Brooklynites offered our
services to Mr. Carroll the American con-
sul and compiled for him a card catalog of
all American residents registered in Ven-
ice, numbering about 800. From this time
forth it became such a matter of course
to state one's age and nationality upon
meeting a stranger, that some of us felt
quite disappointed when it wasn't demand-
ed. Something we'd kept fairly dark for
ages we quite shamelessly proclaimed to
whomsoever would know. We loitered in
Venice longer than we had at first intend-
ed, for our plans had to be made and re-
made from day to day and were contingent
upon news received by our guide regarding
the advisability of pushing on.
Suddenly on the night of August n we
were notified to be ready to leave Venice
for Milan next morning at 9 o'clock, the
which we did, arriving there at 2 145 in the
October, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
757
afternoon. All pleasure and spice had
gone from sightseeing. Our one thought
and one topic of discussion being "Shall
we be able to leave Italy, and when and
how?" We visited the Milan cathedral,
cela va sans dire. Our passports were
vised in Milan by the French consul and
after an informal meeting of the members
of the party it was decided that each should
get all the ready money possible and that
we pool it for the trip and push on at the
earliest possible moment across the fron-
tier into France. We knew for certain by
that time that cutting across Switzerland
was out of the question. We spent the in-
tervening two days of waiting, while our
guide went alone to the frontier at Mo-
dane to see if it looked feasible and safe,
in trolley riding about the city, the most
modern and least interesting we had yet
seen.
At last the men of the party, who had
carefully shielded us from all knowledge
of possible personal danger, buckled on
their spurs, metaphorically speaking, and
we were off. We took with us rations suffi-
cient for three meals, for Miss Baldwin
and I had been appointed Commissary
Committee and had done unto the others
what we would have had them do for us
had the tables been turned. Personal dis-
comfort we were all prepared for and the
spirit of adventure within us, which had
grown with the hours, fair welcomed the
thought of it. I am not at all sure, that
some of us, now, do not wish there had
been more, either to brag about or become
martyr-like about — when telling the story
to our friends over here. At noon on
August 15 we left Milan for Modane on
the frontier of France and forty- four hours
later we reachei Paris still fresh in mind
but somewhat jaded in body. We reached
Modane at 8 p. m. and after having been
inspected by the French customs and mili-
tary officials were allowed to pass into the
station, where we had supper and where
we were obliged to remain until notified
that the 12:50 train was ready to take us
into France. During these memorable
forty-four hours we had neither washed
nor slept, except for such naps as we could
snatch in an upright position on a not too
comfortable seat, and had changed cars at
various and unexpected times. Our first
view of the Alps was awe-inspiring. We
simply lined the corridors and gazed our
fill out of the windows.
We might have concluded that we really
had suffered hardships, had we not "heard
tell" of other experiences which cast ours
into the shade in that respect. Looking
back now one cannot help but see that we
were unusually fortunate from beginning to
end, and that was due in large measure to
the executive ability displayed by our men,
who thought over each move so carefully
and, what was of greater moment, knew
just when to make it. We left Italy for
England at the psychological moment, when
chaos was resuming form and order and
the dread results of the war had not yet
taken shape and we were not hemmed in
on either side by contending elements. On
changing cars for the third time at Culoz,
the morning after our start, we were put
into a compartment with strangers and the
very pretty little French girl who offered
me a seat beside her soon began to talk to
me and tell me of her experiences. She'd
been in Vienna visiting a friend and started
for home when war was declared, being
in the care of the French Ambassador to
Austria part of the way, until met by her
father. So brave and cheerful she was,
even when telling me that her brother had
been taken from school and sent to the
front and that her sweetheart, too, whom
she was to have married in December was
there, their fate as yet unknown to her.
At Amberieu we again changed cars,
after a wait of four hours, during which
we lunched at a small over-crowded hotel,
and tried to kill time by walking about and
seeing the country. This we were pre-
vented from doing, however, for the senti-
nels stationed near the cross roads refused
us permission to pass without satisfactory
passports. At 12:45 we again boarded a
third-class train which reached Dijon at
8 o'clock. By this time it was raining fast,
and an hour later when we changed for the
Paris train it was quite dark besides. There
was but a minute allowed us for the change
and we rushed for the cars, boarding them
wherever possible. They were packed.
Some of us stood up in the aisles, clinging
to the window rails, with rain leaking
758
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[October, 1914
through the roof and swishing about our
feet. Others sat on their bags and suit-
cases, but all remained cheerful even under
these trying circumstances. The French
cars are not corridor cars, so when our
guide appeared at one of the stations and
told us there were some empty compart-
ments ahead we took up our bags and fairly
sprinted along the platform to reach them.
It was a hazardous thing to do, for there
was but one guard for the whole train and
had he signalled it to go we'd have been
left stranded in the dark and wet some-
where in France. The engineer we knew
was not an experienced one because of the
way he started and stoppd the train. Any-
one in a standing position was sure to go
down unless he clung hard to something
fixed. Ghostly-looking sentinels were
posted at regular intervals all along the
line of railroad until we reached Paris.
At daybreak we took some French pas-
sengers aboard, one young woman, who had
just parted from her soldier husband, se-
lecting our compartment. In Italy we felt
the war and in France we saw it. At 9
o'clock in the morning of August 17 we ar-
rived in Paris and breakfasted in the Gare
de Lyon. After waiting in the station an
hour or so for the bus we drove to our
hotel, the D'lena. The quiet and seeming
apathy of this gay city struck us even
then. The hotel was undermanned, almost
all the men having gone to the front, leav-
ing one woman in charge with an old man
and two halfgrown boys to run it. Two
of us felt that we might never see Paris
again (and had never seen her before) so
we scorned the idea of waiting for the
luncheon which was about to be served, and
without troubling to do more than wash our
faces, we left the hotel at once on a tour
of our own. We saw all that could be seen
in a steady, brisk four hours' walk and a
drive at the end of it down the Champs-
Elysees and through the Bois de Boulogne
and back to the hotel at 5 o'clock. Here
we were met by the upraised hands of the
party which had been waiting for us to go
to the police station and have our pass-
ports examined and vised in order that we
might leave Paris. That police station and
that chief of police, with his fierce black
moustache and his piercing eyes, brought
before me visions of the tumbril and the
guillotine. Robespierre sat before me in
person, condemning us to instant execution.
But again we were fortunate in passing in-
spection so quickly and readily. In twenty
minutes we were again gliding through th^
deserted streets of Paris in a taxi, visiting
the Latin Quarter this time.
By nightfall we were all ready and
anxious to leave this once-so-gay city. We
felt the sadness so seep into our veins that
tears were always near the surface. The
streets deserted of people and cabs, the
closed shops with their placards "The head
of this business with his entire personnel
has gone to the war," the sad faces of the
women on the streets and the pathetic
figures of the praying mothers and wives,
sisters and sweethearts in Notre Dame al-
most overcame us. Some street car lines
had stopped running. Troops, infantry or
cavalry, marching to the station on the way
to the front went quietly, without music
or a single demonstration of joy or sor-
row or emotion of any kind from the peo-
ple on the streets, their faces grim and
set, serious and determined, altogether un-
like what we would expect from this impul-
sive, volatile people. The much-vaunted
liveliness of the Rue de la Paix was a thing
of the past. I can express it no better than
by saying that Paris, the gay and lively lady,
was prostrated with grief and anxiety for
her children, with no longer any thought of
pleasure or jollity. There were so few
men to be seen, even the wicked ones had
responded to their country's call. Wom-
en even then were beginning to take the
places of men as conductors on trams, etc.
Everywhere we saw nurses whizzing by
in automobiles, soliders marching, people
making flags and buttons with the colors,
hotels closed to guests and given up to Red
Cross work. It all just gripped one's heart.
Next morning, after a night's sleep in
bed, on August 18, we continued our jour-
ney, leaving on a noon train, because we
could get neither cabs nor busses to take us
and our luggage to the station in time for
the earlier one. The trip to Amiens was
uneventful, if slow, except that a Russian
gentleman and his wife who'd been in Ger-
many at the outbreak of the war told us of
their experiences in reaching France and
October, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
759
getting out of it. Again we felt we had
cause to congratulate ourselves on our
good fortune. At Amiens, which we
reached at 5 :45 p. m., we expected to spend
about four or five hours visiting the Ca-
thedral, etc., until the 10 o'clock train for
Boulogne was ready. , But we were not
permitted to leave the station, so after a
hasty supper we boarded the train for
Boulogne, which was scheduled to leave at
6:23. It didn't, but that's a mere detail.
We'd become accustomed by that time to
the knowledge that everything had to give
way to the troops, and that engineers and
conductors themselves were never sure of
their directions until they reached a sta-
tion.
While sitting in our compartments we
saw the first detachment of English troops
which had been sent across the Channel
into France so secretly. They passed
close by us on the next track, going in the
opposite direction, car upon car filled with
them, all in khaki, enthusiastic and brave
and young. We all hailed them, some of
us wishing them "good-bye" and "God-
speed" and shaking hands with the boys
through the car windows until that became
too dangerous. They cheered back vocifer-
ously. Provision and ammunition cars fol-
lowed until the seemingly endless train had
disappeared. Then we started and at 10 145
in the evening reached Boulogne-sur-Mer.
After we'd passed the rigid inspection
necessary we were deposited bag and bag-
gage outside the station, cold and tired and
dreary. After some parleying, it was de-
cided to stop for the rest of the night at a
small inn across the way, where we
snatched as much sleep or rest as possible
in the four hours that intervened before
we were again on the march to the boat
landing, at 4:30 o'clock in the morning of
August 19.
Here we experienced considerable delay
while once more we and our passports were
carefully scrutinized by a French official
and allowed to pass on to the boat, where
we were directed to the smoking room to
run the gauntlet of three English officials
who put the question to us again and gave
us a landing number. After this we were
permitted to go on deck, where we watched
the others come aboard and the loading of
the most stupendous amount of mail I'd
ever seen at any one time. We were fortu-
nate in having a perfectly smooth passage
across the Channel and reached Folkestone
one hour and twenty minutes after leaving
Boulogne, landing at 8:30 o'clock. After
passing the customs we boarded the train,
which was held in the station for over an
hour to permit the passing of a troop train
with nurses and doctors, and at last ar-
rived at the Charing Cross station in Lon-
don, dear old beloved London, at noon, and
were driven directly after lunch to the Im-
perial Hotel, Russell Square, safe and
sound and happy.
Here the party broke up officially and
said "good-bye" to our conductor at a
meeting arranged expressly for the pur-
pose by Dr. Hill, and began to go on our
own, paying our own way and otherwise
looking out for ourselves. The first thing
we saw on looking from our hotel room
window was a squad of territorials (cor-
responding to our state militia troops)
in the garden opposite being drilled in
tactics, manoeuvres, sharpshooting, etc.
There was no escaping from the war at-
mosphere we realized, even though we
were not actually on fighting ground. Dur-
ing the twelve days we spent in London
we fairly saw the English people slowly
wake up to the seriousness of the situation.
Prices of food, meat in particular, went up,
luxuries were dispensed with, business be-
came dull, shops began to close, more and
more reservists were training for active
service, shipping was disorganized and the
Americans pouring into London from all
parts of the continent were distraught with
anxiety to secure passage for home, which
was not plain sailing under the circum-
stances. Many ships had been taken off
altogether to be used as transports and the
American line was the only one pursuing
her steady course and routine. Dr. Hill
took upon his shoulders all the unpleasant
task of daily haunting the White Star of-
fices making inquiries regarding our passage
to America, leaving us free to enjoy Lon-
don to our utmost. Dear, delightful Lon-
don with its elephantine busses with their
expert mahouts so cleverly worming their
way in and out of the congested traffic, its
taxis which even we felt we could afford to
76o
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[October, 1914
indulge in now and again, its dignified,
good-looking, courteous "bobbies," its fas-
cinating river, its quaint little houses and
gardens with their inevitable hedges, and
its numerous points of historic interest, en-
deared itself to all of us.
The last bit of soldiery we saw before
we left London was the parade of 17,000
clerks who had enlisted and were on their
way to be inspected by General Roberts be-
fore going into their three weeks' training.
At last we had decisive news as to the sail-
ing of our ship, the Lapland. She would
leave Southampton on September i. Others
of our party had already gone on the New
York and St. Paul and a few were to fol-
low on the St. Louis. Such excitement!
When we reached Southampton on the
morning of the ist we found the inquisitors
ready for us again and we all felt mightily
relieved when at last we'd broken through
this bit of red tape and were safe aboard
the ship, with trunks and bags. Some of
us found our trunks in London at the
eleventh hour, those that is who were so
fortunate as to have sent them to Oxford,
while others have still to hear what Leip-
zig has done with theirs.
We found the Lapland with a new lot of
seamen and stewards, all English or Bel-
gians, with registered English certificates,
the Germans having been taken as prison-
ers of war and sent to Portsmouth. Even
the first officer who for nineteen years had
been with the Red Star people was deposed
because of his nationality and given a free
passage to America. The exigencies of
war are hard and cruel but I presume "it
has to be." Two hours later than schedule
time, at 1 145 o'clock on September i, the
Lapland, flying the English flag, reluctantly
bowed herself away from her dock at
Southampton and after swinging round on
one heel tiptoed her way gingerly down the
Channel betwen two rows of stately war-
ships who took care that no one stepped on
her train. She coyly took a course more
northerly than usual, conversing with her
English cousins at intervals along the road.
Life on board was unmarked by any of the
usual jollifications, music was conspicuous
by its absence, the passage for the most
part was very smooth, and with the excep-
tion of a full moon, three icebergs, a school
of porpoises, some whales, and a stray
ship or two, nothing untoward happened
on our way home.
Those who went with the party whose
travels Miss Hitchler describes, were the
following :
Miss Elizabeth Forrest, assistant librarian,
State College, Pa.
Miss Lillian I. Powers, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Miss Julia H. Powers, assistant, Brooklyn
Public Library, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Miss Rose Stewart, chief cataloger, Free
Library, Philadelphia, Pa.
Mrs. S. L. Brown, Wellesley, Mass.
Miss Pauline Brown, Wellesley, Mass.
Dr. Frank P. Hill, chief librarian, Brooklyn
Public Library, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Mrs. Frank P. Hill, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Miss Emma R. Engle, chief children's de-
partment, Free Library, Philadelphia, Pa.
Mr. Charles Belden, librarian, Mass. State
Library, Boston, Mass.
Mrs. Charles Belden, Boston, Mass.
Miss Jaquetta Gardiner, Guelph, Canada.
Mr. Frank H. Whitmore, librarian, Public
Library, Brockton, Mass.
Miss S. Ethel Stilson, assistant, Brooklyn
Public Library, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Miss Hannah M. Jones, librarian, Friends'
Free Library, Germantown, Pa.
Miss Mary Anna Jones, Germantown, Pa.
Mr. E. Lemcke, New York City.
Miss Mary E. McLennan, Guelph, Canada.
Mr. Henry M: Marx, Easton, Pa.
Mrs. J. H. Gray, Washington, D. C.
Miss Emily R. Jones, Washington, D. C.
Dr. Edward J. Nolan, librarian, Academy
of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa.
Mr. Charles C. Heyl, principal, West Phila-
delphia High School, Philadelphia, Pa.
Miss E. V. Baldwin, librarian's secretary,
Brooklyn Public Library, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Miss Emma F. Blood, Groton, Mass.
Miss Theresa Hitchler, supt. cataloging
dept, Brooklyn Public Library, Brooklyn,
N. Y.
Mr. and Mrs. Bucholtz, Chicago, 111.
THIRTIETH ANNIVERSARY OF
WILLIAM H. BRETT
THE first regular meeting of the Cleve-
land Public Library staff after the vacation
season was made the occasion of a celebra-
-
I
I
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i
I
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i
<* r. -<
§*4
1 o
October, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
76l
tion of the thirtieth anniversary of Mr.
W. H. Brett's connection with the library
as its chief librarian. The exact date of
Mr. Brett's entrance on his duties was thirty
years ago September i, but Thursday morn-
ing, September 10, was the first date when
the majority of heads oi departments and
branches could be assembled.
The special feature of the meeting was a
complete surprise to Mr. Brett when he was
ushered into the flower - decorated room
where the staff had as usual assembled for
lunch, after the regular business of the
staff meeting.
Miss Linda A. Eastman, the vice-libra-
rian, expressed briefly and earnestly the
staff's appreciation of their chief's open-
mindedness, breadth of vision and inspira-
tional power, and of their feeling that they
had been specially privileged in having had
the opportunity to work with and under him
during these years of the library's phenom-
enal development. She testified, too, to the
warmth of their loyalty and regard, and
presented, as the visible tokens of this
appreciation and affection, a giant armful
of American beauty roses and some hand-
some growing plants for the decoration of
the librarian's office.
The combined effects of surprise and
pleasure threatened to interfere with Mr.
Brett's response, but he rallied to return
thanks and thereafter paid a cordial tribute
to the various forces which he said had
co-operated with him in producing results —
to the staff for its efficiency and unity of
purpose and interest, to the city for its live
reaction to all library work in its behalf,
and finally to the successive library boards
for their unstinted expenditure of valuable
time and effort for the library's welfare.
A few of the Old Guard who have been
connected with the library during practi-
cally all of Mr. Brett's librarianship either
put off or cut short their vacations to be
present at the celebration. These included
Miss Anne Granger, who has held a position
on the staff 31 years, a year longer than her
chief; Miss Cecelia Hutson, 29 years; Miss
Jessie Ritter, 27 years; and Miss Gertrude
Hanna, 27 years.
Every one falls naturally into reminis-
cent vein on such occasions, and among the
things noted was the fact that when Mr.
Brett entered on his position the library
staff numbered only ten assistants and had
no branches or other agencies outside of
the main library. Now there are 425 regu-
lar employes on the payroll and there are
over 547 library agencies through which
books are placed at the disposal of citizens,
including thirteen large and twelve smaller
branches.
BROOKLYN OPENS THE FIRST
CHILDREN'S BRANCH
ON THURSDAY, September 24, the Brook-
lyn Public Library opened a branch which
represents a new experiment in the plan-
ning of library buildings. This new library
is to be known as the Brownsville Chil-
dren's branch, and the history of its com-
ing into existence is briefly this:
In a section of Brooklyn known as
Brownsville the crowded conditions in the
branch opened in 1908 have been such as
to make necessary some restrictions in the
use of the library by its borrowers. Near-
ly every afternoon during most of the year,
a line of children reaches down the street,
patiently waiting a turn to get into the
building. A new branch for Brownsville
being contemplated, it was clear that the
usual Brooklyn Public Library rule, allow-
ing any resident of the city to have a card
in every branch, could not be followed;
for this would mean that, instead of reliev-
ing the situation in the old building, we
should have two overcrowded Brownsville
branches, since borrowers in that section
have a perfectly insatiable appetite for
books. How to divide the crowd fairly be-
tween the two branches was the question.
Geographical boundary lines would mean
infinite trouble where people are so con-
stantly on the move as they are in a crowd-
ed tenement district.
Since the circulation in the old branch is
nearly evenly divided between children and
adults (the latter term including high
school boys and girls, in this case), it was
decided to make the division by school
grade, grammar and primary grade chil-
dren to be sent to one, high school and
working children and adults to go to the
other branch.
Next came the question of deciding
which building was to be assigned to each
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[October, 1914
group. It was soon settled that a library of
child borrowers only called for such special
planning as made the old building not
adaptable to the purpose.
Certain requirements stood out promi-
nently in considering the floor plans, name-
ly: that we must get inside the building
those long lines of children who have had
to wait, out of doors, their turn at loan
desk or registration desk; that the loan and
the registration desks must be rather widely
separated, to relieve congestion at one
place; that circulating and reference work
must be on the main floor, club rooms on
the second floor; that the main floor must
be one great open room except for low
book case partitions dividing working and
reference sections from the principal book
and reading room space. This great unen-
cumbered floor space would mean perfect
supervision, the free passing of the chil-
dren from one place to another without too
great congestion in any one spot, and the
elimination of difficulties incident to man-
aging hundreds of children on stair-
ways.
A careful examination of the floor plans
will show how we divide the crowd into
two diverging lines at the entrance vesti-
bule, how the shape and placing of the loan
and registration desks permit long lines of
children to come in under cover, how the
exit, though in the same vestibule as the
entrance, is by a different door, thus pre-
venting the incoming and outgoing crowd
from interfering with one another.
Sound deadening floor coverings, all push
buttons out of reach, rounded corners to
projections that might bruise small limbs —
every possible precaution has been taken
in the furnishing to help relieve assistants
of nervous wear and tear in managing the
children.
The architectural style of the building is
Collegiate Gothic. This seems peculiarly
appropriate to an educational institution
and since Tom Brown's Rugby is a Col-
legiate Gothic building, sentiment makes it
seem even more fitting for a children's li-
brary in which the famous story holds a
place of honor.
On the exterior of the building are carv-
ings, of Alice's rabbit, of King Arthur's
sword in the anvil, of Mercury's staff, of
yEsop's crow and other designs suggest-
ing famous tales upon the shelves within.
As the children enter the building they
will find in the door handle a jolly little
face grinning up at them. On the arms of
specially designed oak settles are delightful
little rabbits' heads. The Rookwood fire-
place tiles picture a castle beyond a forest.
It is hoped that in time the exterior sur-
roundings will be in keeping with the beau-
ty of the building itself. The Park De-
partment has promised to set out shade
trees next spring. We hope to have the
walls covered with ivy, and if possible ivy
with a "story," if we can obtain shoots
from places famous and interesting to chil-
dren. Other special decorative features are
as yet unsettled but they are not forgot-
ten and will be supplied in the course of
time.
On the shelves will be not only the usual
"juveniles" but a generous supply of such
books from the "adult" list as many grow-
ing boys and girls desire and should be
encouraged to read. In the old Browns-
ville branch juvenile books will be provid-
ed for the high school borrowers, but as
the children in this section mature very
rapidly probably it will not here be neces-
sary to supply very many books of this
class.
Special and grateful mention should be
made of the keen interest of the architects,
W. B. Tubby & Sons — and particularly
of the enthusiasm, understanding and skill
of Mr. J. T. Tubby, Jr. — who have made
this, the first institution of its kind, a won-
derfully fine, attractive and satisfactory
building.
CLARA WHITER ILL HUNT,
Superintendent of the Children's Depart-
ment, Brooklyn Public Library.
THE HIGH COST OF FAME
A SMALL girl interested in snakes and
eager to know what John Burroughs thought
of them wrote to the famous naturalist,
and showed herself more considerate than
many of his correspondents by concluding
her letter as follows: "Inclosed you will
find a stamp, for I know it must be fearfully
expensive and inconvenient to be a celeb-
rity."— Christian Register.
October, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
763
THE DESTRUCTION OF LOUVAIN'S
LIBRARY
On August 27 the city of Louvain, in
Belgium, was destroyed by the Germans. In
retaliation for an alleged attack on Ger-
man officers and soldiers by Belgian civil-
ians, the order was given, to burn the city.
With characteristic German thoroughness
and system the soldiers went through the
streets of the city, piling up furniture on
the lower floor of each house and setting it
afire. When every house was ablaze, the
next street was passed in the same way.
With the exception of the beautiful Hotel
de Ville, not a building was spared, and the
splendid church of St. Pierre, the Univer-
sity buildings, the library, and the scientific
establishment were all delivered to the
flames.
The library of the Catholic University of
Louvain was based on a collection bequeath-
ed by Beyerlinck to his alma mater in 1672.
His example was followed by Jacques Ro-
main, a professor of medicine, but the
proper organization of the library was not
effected until 1637. The librarian at the
time of the disaster was M. Paul Delannoy,
and the number of volumes it contained is
variously estimated at from 211,000 to 230,-
ooo volumes. Scientific agriculture until re-
cently was the chief study at Louvain Uni-
versity. One may recall, too, that it was at
Louvain in 1546, at the command of Charles
V., that the academic authorities issued the
first "Index" of pernicious and forbidden
books.
At the annual meeting of the Library As-
sociation held in London on Sept. 4th, the
following resolution was passed with accla-
mation :
"The members of the Library Associa-
tion, representing the principal libraries of
the British Empire, in annual meeting as-
sembled, desire to place on record their
feelings of profound indignation at the
wanton and unprovoked act of vandalism on
the part of the German Army byj the
destruction of the City of Louvain, that
ancient seat of learning, with its famous
University and Library, whereby the world
of scholarship has suffered irreparable
loss/'
A late dispatch from The Hague says
that a committee presided over by Dr.
Fruin, keeper of the State archives, has
started a movement to restore the library
of Louvain, destroyed in the German bom-
bardment of that town. It is hoped to ac-
complish this work by Dutch subscriptions.
"LIBRARY WEEK" OF THE NEW
YORK LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
About one hundred and fifty registered
at Prudence Risley Hall, one of the girls'
dormitories at Cornell University, Ithaca,
for the twenty-fourth annual meeting of
the New York Library Association, held
this year September 7-11. A number of
members arrived in Ithaca on the Sunday
preceding, and many others remained until
the Saturday and Sunday following the
meetings, to enjoy the beautiful country
scenery for which Ithaca is so justly cele-
brated. The hospitality committee of the
association (Miss Agnes Van Valken-
burgh, chairman) and the local entertain-
ment committee (Mr. Willard Austen,
chairman) arranged a program of walks
and drives which provided more than suffi-
cient entertainment for every free hour.
Monday evening was devoted to a pleas-
ant "get acquainted" reception in the par-
lors of the dormitory. The receiving line
included Mr. and Mrs. Wyer, Mr. George
W. Harris, the librarian at Cornell, and
Mr. and Mrs. Willard Austen.
TUESDAY MORNING
The first general session was held in
Goldwin Smith Hall on Tuesday morning.
On behalf of Cornell University, Dr. Jacob
G. Schurman welcomed the association to
Ithaca, and his greeting was followed by
one from Mr. Harris. It was through the
initiative of Mr. Harris and the university
library that this meeting was held at Cor-
nell, and Mr. Wyer, in his response, paid
tribute to Mr. Harris and his work, by
which the Cornell Library has been made
one of the greatest college libraries in the
country. Mr. Harris has been connected
with the library, in various capacities, for
over forty-five years. For over thirty
years he has been chief librarian, and as
he retires after this year there was a par-
ticular satisfaction in meeting him in his
own library at this time.
764
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[October, 1914
The secretary's very brief report was
followed by the report on library institutes.
Since Mr. Wynkoop, the chairman, was
detained in Europe, the report was pre-
pared and read by Mr. F. K. Walter. These
institutes are regarded as the most im-
portant work of the association, providing
a systematic and progressive course of in-
struction for those who are otherwise
untrained and who are unable to attend
the library schools. Under a new plan this
year Mr. Wynkoop had prepared and dis-
tributed to all the libraries of the state
a syllabus covering the plan of instruction,
the work this year being concentrated
on the topic "Stocking the library."
No advertising campaign was carried on,
and instruction, not recreation, was fea-
tured in the announcements. Twenty meet-
ings were held with an attendance of about
850, representing 418 libraries. The ex-
pense of the institutes was considerably be-
low the appropriation. In discussion of
this report Miss Anna Phelps, one of the
state's library organizers, urged the libra-
rians of the larger libraries to attend these
institutes and take part in the discussions,
thereby helping the leaders to make the
meetings more interesting. Dr. Sherman
Williams, chief of the School Libraries
Division of the State Education Depart-
ment, testified that the work with district
superintendents had been most useful, and
was the only way of reaching many teach-
ers and pupils who now know little of
libraries.
Miss Harriet R. Peck reported for the
publicity committee that a campaign for
new members had been inaugurated. Let-
ters had been sent to 600 non-members, as
well as to delinquents. There are 600
libraries in the state and only about 375
librarians who are members of the asso-
ciation. It is too soon to give any figures
on the result of this campaign, but certain-
ly there are many librarians not now mem-
bers who should join.
In the absence of Mr. W. R. Eastman
his report on library legislation was
read by Miss Peck. It included much of
the material given in his article in the
LIBRARY JOURNAL for January, made note
of the fact that Massachusetts, New Jer-
sey, and New York were the only states
legislating in favor of libraries during the
year, and called attention to the import-
ant amendment of the New York law by
which school libraries are now open to
the public where no other public library
exists.
All reports were accepted, and the pres-
ident appointed the following committees:
Resolutions: Miss Mary L. Davis, Dr.
D. F. Estes, and Miss Mary W. Plummer.
Nominations: Mr. Walter L. Brown,
Mrs. Mary Summers, and Miss Isabella
Cooper.
Audit: Mr. H. J. Carr and Miss Isa-
bella K. Rhodes.
Mr. Wyer then read his paper on "Li-
brary planning," reprinted elsewhere in this
issue, in which he urged more careful con-
. sideration of the community and existing
library facilities before installing a new
library.
TUESDAY EVENING
Tuesday afternoon was given over to
exploration of Cornell's beautiful campus,
under the guidance of members of the staff
of the University Library. At five o'clock
Mr. James T. Quarles, the university or-
ganist, gave a most enjoyable recital in
Sage Chapel. By a happy accident, he in-
cluded in his program a "Procession In-
dienne" by Ernest R. Kroeger, a brother
of the late Miss Alice Kroeger. In the
evening Mme. Haffkin-Hamburger of Mos-
cow, Russia, gave a most interesting stere-
opticon talk on Russian libraries. In his
introduction of the speaker Mr. Wyer said
that Mme. Haffkin-Hamburger has done
for Russia what Melvil Dewey did for the
United States. She has translated much
foreign literature into Russian, besides
writing a manual of library economy which
has recently had extensive revision. She
has lectured on libraries and library needs
before educational and other meetings in
all parts of Russia, and this summer, after
twenty-five years' library experience in her
own country, came to America to study
American methods. There are now in Rus-
sia nearly 800 public libraries with about
8,000,000 books. Every public library has
its reading and circulation rooms. The use
of the reading rooms is everywhere free,
but the public must pay a small fee for the
privilege of taking books home. Be-
October, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
765
sides these public libraries, there are
over 7000 free popular libraries, and
20,000 free rural libraries. Children's
libraries are more frequently maintained
separately than as departments of other
public or popular libraries. The Siberian
railroad maintains a library of 200,000 vol-
umes for its employes, with headquarters
in Tomsk, and various library stations along
its lines. In addition it has two library
cars, each equipped with stacks and accom-
modating 12,000 volumes, with a sleeping
compartment for the librarian, and these
cars run over the company's lines, stopping
for varying periods at the different stations
for the distribution of books. Public li-
brary legislation in Russia is peculiar, and
it is difficult to open new libraries. The
first library courses were opened in the
Shaniavsky University in Moscow in 1913
with 357 students from forty different gov-
ernments, 240 being women. Last spring
the number was limited by the university
to 200, for the sake of doing more individ-
ual work with the students. The library
trustees realize the importance of the train-
ing, and this year's class contains 133 li-
brarians sent by their institutions.
WEDNESDAY MORNING
The original program for Wednesday
morning had to be abandoned. Dr. John
H. Finley, who was to have given an ad-
dress, was detained in Europe, and Dr.
Andrew D. White, former president of
Cornell, was prevented by ill health from
being present. Consequently the round
table for branch libraries, scheduled for
Wednesday evening, was held in the morn-
ing, and the hospitality committee arranged
a dance to take its place for the evening's
entertainment.
Miss Sarah Askew of New Jersey was
the leader of the round table, and the first
question discussed was "Gifts — how to get,
receive, and dispose of them." Mr. Yust
told how Rochester had sent out a printed
appeal to a selected list. When word was
received that material was available it was
called for promptly, a special personal letter
of thanks sent, and the material speedily
arranged on the shelves. Dr. Azariah S.
Root, of Oberlin, said he never refused any
proffered gift, but always said frankly that
if he found it unsuited to his library or
duplicating material already on hand, he
would pass it on to some other institution.
Emphasis was laid by several speakers on
the value of tactful personal acknowledge-
ment of gifts to promote cordial feelings
toward the library.
The question of purchase and cataloging
of books published with two titles was dis-
cussed. There seems to be no way of pre-
venting this practice, and librarians can
only hope they will not often order the
same book twice. Miss Van Valkenburgh
suggested a form of cataloging for such
books, and Mr. Brown, of Buffalo, sug-
gested that the book itself be marked with
the alternate title.
In discussing the problem of getting the
rural reader to the library Miss Monchow,
of Dunkirk, told how her library had been
invited by a group of social workers in the
county to cooperate in an exhibit at the
Chautauqua county fair, and said that the
exhibit sent an unusually large number to
the library's reading room during the fair.
Miss Pratt, of New Jersey, described the
cooperation of certain libraries of that state
with the farm demonstration bureaus. Miss
Elizabeth P. Clarke, of Auburn, said her
library was sending books to three coun-
ties, and had plenty of readers so long as
no charge was made.
The question of the value of the Patent
Office Gazette and the advisability of bind-
ing it brought out a variety of opinions.
The consensus of opinion seemed to be
that current numbers, or even for five to
seven years back, were frequently con-
sulted, but that it was not worth while for
most libraries to put it into permanent bind-
ing.
How large a town must be before it is
wise to start deposit stations depends
largely, in the opinion of Miss Brainerd,
of New Rochelle, on the territory it covers,
while Miss Adeline Zachert, of Rochester,
thought that any town large enough to have
a jail, a Y. M. C. A., a factory, or any
other place where fifty to a hundred people
gathered together regularly, should have
deposit stations. The Rochester Library
already, in its second year, has fifty-seven.
Miss Elizabeth Clarke told of the pub-
licity methods she had used to advertise her
766
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[October, 1914
library, placing posters in factory rooms,
lists on different trades in payroll envel-
opes, postcards to individuals, and cards in
the business directory frames placed on
street corners of the town. Miss Foote, of
New York City, described an interesting
card index she keeps of her library patrons,
with their occupations and the subjects
they are interested in.
Concerning the practice of sending un-
solicited books on approval the opinion was
practically unanimous that it was a perni-
cious custom and one to be discouraged.
Mr. Walter discussed the binding of period-
icals. He said that most libraries bind too
many, and that magazine boxes, each hold-
ing six numbers, could be substituted. Cost
of binding could be reduced by using buck-
ram in place of leather, but it was inadvis-
able to cheapen the process otherwise.
Miss Zachert recommended the use of
stereographs in the children's room. By
pasting a typewritten slip on the bottom of
travel pictures, giving reference to descrip-
tive text in children's books, interest in the
books could be stimulated.
Mr. Yust described the Rochester His-
torical Museum, of which he is secretary,
and said that while he thought such an
institution was valuable in the community,
he would advocate its administration and
housing quite separate from the library, a
recommendation which was endorsed by
others.
On Wednesday afternoon a large party
went by motor to Freeville to visit the
George Junior Republic, while another
party visited the College of Agriculture,
where members of the faculty met them
and explained the work of the various de-
partments. This afternoon the Albany Li-
brary School had a tea in the parlors for
its members and alumni, and to those
ineligible to share in these festivities the
management of the house served tea by the
large hall fireplace, at the reasonable rate
of three cents a cup.
THURSDAY'S SESSIONS
In the morning Dr. Azariah S. Root con-
ducted a round table for college libraries.
Dr. Root made the opening address, taking
as his subject "The future development of
college libraries." Basing his forecast on
development during the past generation, he
said that unless more advanced methods
were adopted, in another generation the
libraries would become unmanageable. The
present crass individualism must cease and
closer cooperation be effected. He made
some very definite suggestions for the pre-
vention of duplication in cataloging and
bibliographical work, and for the exchange
and distribution of duplicate material.
Discussing usefulness of student assist-
ants in college libraries, Dr. D. F. Estes of
Colgate University said he found they
could do almost all routine work satisfac-
torily. There was an exchange of infor-
mation by college librarians present con-
cerning the pay of student assistants, and
it was found that twenty cents an hour was
the average rate, the money often being a
real help in keeping the students in college.
Miss Fanny Marquand, of Rochester
University Library, had a paper on "The
function of the college library in the care
and distribution of college publications."
Discussion brought out much divergence in
practice among the different libraries rep-
resented, some colleges handling publica-
tions through the library, others through
the secretary's office, while still others di-
vided the work between the two.
This was followed by a talk by Mr. J. D.
Ibbotson, Jr., of Hamilton College Library,
on "The college librarian and the student."
He feels that every college librarian should
be recognized as a part of the teaching
staff. He should be "a mediator between
the boys and the books," and should know
one as well as the other. He had been suc-
cessful in interesting his students in many
books that were not required reading, by
having a bookcase (nicknamed by the
students "the net") on which he placed in
haphazard order worth-while books from
all classes, from which the students were
in the habit of selecting their over-Sunday
reading. Miss Borden of Vassar spoke
briefly of the efforts of that library to get
into direct personal contact with the fresh-
men and to make them feel that the libra-
rian is a friend to be consulted freely. In
the discussion following, the question cf in-
struction in the use of the library was taken
up, and many varying practices were
brought out. Other questions for general
October, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
767
discussion in which much interest was
shown were "Reserved books," "Fines in
:ollege libraries," and "How to keep the
library quiet."
THURSDAY EVENING
Thursday afternoon the local entertain-
ment committee arranged a trip, by motor
:ar or by motor boat on Lake Cayuga, to
Taughannock Falls, about ten miles from
Ithaca, said to be 215 feet high. The Col-
lege of Agriculture was again open for in-
spection, and a large party took advantage
of each opportunity. The Library School
of the New York Public Library and mem-
bers of the library staff had a dinner
Thursday night.
In the evening the third general session
was held, and was devoted to the extension
work of the New York State College of
Agriculture. Mr. Royal Gilkey, supervisor
of reading courses and the mailing divi-
sion, spoke on extension teaching of agri-
culture. All work is cooperative, and uni-
versity speakers go to country communities
on a dollar for dollar basis. The work is
divided into (i) demonstration of methods,
including farm visits; (2) cooperative ex-
periments; (3) the use of the demonstra-
tion car; (4) lectures; (5) farmers' week
in February, at which last year 3,000 farm-
ers attended 300 lectures and exhibits; (6)
extension schools lasting a week and held
in different communities, for which enrol-
ment and a fee are required; (7) corre-
spondence, over 30,000 letters (27,000 of
:hem in answer to questions) and 50,000
special bulletins being sent out in 1913; and
(8) publications. Mr. Gilkey urged the
librarians to get acquainted with the publi-
:ations and the index to experiment station
literature issued by the U. S. Department
of Agriculture, to study local conditions,
md to become rural leaders to better agri-
culture.
Following Mr. Gilkey, Miss Martha Van
Rensselaer spoke on "Extension in home
economics," telling of the work of the de-
partment of home economics in promoting
the interests of the farmer's wife. She was
followed by Miss Flora Rose, of the same
department, who spoke of the bulletins is-
sued on the subject by Cornell and by other
agencies. Miss Clara W. Bragg, until re-
cently librarian at Bath, Miss Harriet E.
Wilkin, of Fayetteville, and Miss Mary S.
Crandall, of Warrensburgh, all told of their
efforts to circulate the Cornell bulletins
and what measure of success they had. An
interesting exhibit illustrating the work and
publications of the College of Agriculture
was on view in room 137, Goldwin Smith
Hall, all the week.
The report of the treasurer, Mr. W. B.
Gamble, was read at this meeting. The re-
port covered the period from Sept. 25, 1913,
to Sept. 9, 1914. The association now has
a membership of 351, of whom sixteen
joined after Sept. 9.
RECEIPTS
Cash on hand $209 . 44
Dues, incl. prepayment of exchange 335 .10
$544-54
EXPENSES
1913 meeting $127. 14
Printing for treasurer's office 12.50
Stamps " 21.20
Clerk hire 7.15
Association dues to A. L. A 32.50
Amt. advanced to Sec. and Pub. Com 40.00
Library institutes* 88. 39
Miscellaneous i . 80
Cash on hand, Sept. 9, 1914 213.86
$544.54
The audit committee, Mr. Carr chairman,
reported that they had examined the treas-
urer's report and found it correct.
FRIDAY MORNING
The nominating committee reported
through Mr. Brown the following ticket,
which was elected. President: Miss Caro-
line M. Underbill, of the Utica Public Li-
brary; vice-president, Mr. Joseph D. Ibbot-
son, Jr., Hamilton College Library; secre-
tary, Miss Elizabeth Porter Clarke, Sey-
mour Library, Auburn, and treasurer, Mr.
W. B. Gamble, of the New York Public
Library.
Following the election of officers Dr.
Estes, for the resolutions committee, read
resolutions of thanks to all the several peo-
ple whose efforts made the week at Ithaca
so pleasant. He also submitted a resolu-
tion, which was adopted and forwarded to
Mr. James R. Preston, of Baltimore, ex-
pressing the best wishes of the association
for the success of the celebration of the
centenary of the "Star spangled banner."
*A balance of $61.61 from the appropriation of $150
voted in April, was returned to the treasury in July.
;68
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[October, 1914
An amendment to the constitution pro-
viding for institutional as well as individual
membership was adopted without debate.
The address on "The Publishers' Coopera-
tive Bureau," which was to have been de-
livered by Mr. Richard B. G. Gardner, the
manager, had to be omitted as Mr. Gard-
ner himself was ill, and the paper, supposed
to have been sent on, was not received.
Miss Mary W. Plummer read the report
of the committee on libraries in charitable,
reformatory, and penal institutions, ex-
tracts from which will be printed later.
She was followed by Mr. Thomas M. Os-
borne, chairman of the commission for
prison reform. He began with the sweep-
ing statement that the condition of prison
libraries in the state is characteristic of the
whole prison system — there is not one sin-
gle thing right in it. He gave a vivid pic-
ture of life in a prison, illustrated out of
his own experience as well as from his ac-
quaintance with genuine prisoners, and
ended with an urgent appeal for some
trained library worker to volunteer for ser-
vice in the Auburn prison during the win-
ter, in an effort to show what a prison li-
brary may and should be.
The formal program closed with a paper
by Mrs. Louise Collier Willcox on 'The
trend of modern literature." She says that
we suffer from overproduction, demand for
speed, and cheapness of quality. Senti-
mentality is a characteristic of much mod-
ern literature, because life is becoming so
unbearable we cannot bear to have it re-
produced in our literature. Mrs. Willcox is
very dogmatic in her opinions, and whether
all agreed with her conclusions or not, she
held the attention of her hearers to the end,
when she gave a beautiful reading of Fran-
cis Thompson's "Hound of heaven."
Before adjournment, Mr. Wyer intro-
duced Miss Underbill, the new president,
who said a few words of appreciation of
what she was pleased to call "the great
honor which had been forced upon her,"
and of hope that the coming year might be
one of profit to all.
In the afternoon the last of the excur-
sion, a tally-ho ride to Enfield Falls, was
made, bringing to a pleasant close a most
successful "library week."
F. A. H.
NEW ADMINISTRATION BUILDING
OF THE UNIVERSITY OF UTAH
THE formal opening of the new Admin-
istration Building of the University of
Utah was held during Commencement
week, Tuesday, June 2. The building, es-
pecially the library, was used during sum-
mer school, and was found a great im-
provement over the former cramped quar-
ters.
The building houses the offices of admin-
istration, the reception rooms, the library,
the art gallery and the archaeological mu-
seum. The library occupies the whole of
the second floor, with one stack room on
the third floor and an unpacking room in
the basement, or ground, floor. The plans
for the library had to be adapted to con-
ditions and, therefore, could not be as
satisfactory as if the building were planned
for the library alone. The reading room
extends practically the whole length of the
building and is 190 x 42 ft. and 18 ft. high.
Opening from the room at the north is a
small room for current periodicals. To the
east of the reading room are four seminar
rooms and the stack room; the stack room
is entered directly from the reading room
through four arches, giving direct access to
the books. At the extreme south end are
the cataloging room and the librarian's of-
fice. The capacity of the stacks is 100,000
volumes, and the reading room will seat
four hundred readers. The building is of
Utah granite and sandstone, the facings of
the first floor and the stairway being of
Alaska marble. The total cost of the build-
ing, including the equipment, was $300,000.
Cannon & Fetzer and Ramm Hansen were
the associated architects who had charge of
the design and construction of the building.
The work of moving the library was done
on Saturdays and Sundays, under the super-
vision of Miss Esther Nelson, the librarian,
and took only six days in all, the library
being kept open all regular hours during the
process.
LEIPZIG EXHIBIT STILL OPEN
IN a brief message sent to the New York
Public Library, written Aug. 28, Miss Ade-
laide R. Hasse, who went to Germany to
take charge of the A. L. A. exhibit at the
Leipzig Exposition, writes that the expo-
eg
i
: ^4i
LN|£;:;;|^
October, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
769
sition is still open except the pavilions of
the hostile states, and that the intention
of the authorities is to keep it open till the
end of the time originally planned. At-
tendance, of course, is very small. An un-
confirmed report says that the Exposition
buildings are to be used » for hospital pur-
poses. This undoubtedly refers to some
plan for their use after the close of the Ex-
position and the removal of exhibits.
%iforars Organisations
VERMONT LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
The joint meeting of the Vermont Library
Association and the State Commission will be
held in Proctor, October 20-22, beginning the
evening of Tuesday the 2Oth with a "get-
together" supper for the visiting librarians,
trustees, etc.
The V. L. A. will hold its business meeting
Wednesday morning, and its public meeting
Wednesday afternoon.
On Wednesday evening the members of the
V. L. A. will be given complimentary ti-kets
to see the Ben Greet players in "As you like
it." This and free entertainment during the
meetings are due to the generosity of Proctor
people.
On Thursday the 22d, in the morning, the
Free Library Commission will hold its annual
public meeting.
All librarians and trustees who plan to at-
tend these meetings are requested to notify
Miss Mary K. Norton, Proctor, of train on
which they will arrive, date and probable
length of stay, before October 17.
MASSACHUSETTS LIBRARY CLUB
The Massachusetts Library Club will hold
its fall meeting at Stockbridge, Mass., Red
Lion Inn, Thursday-Saturday, Oct. 22-24,
1914. This will be a union meeting with the
Western Massachusetts Library Club and the
Berkshire Library Club. The commission will
have charge of the meeting Saturday morn-
ing, Oct. 24.
The Red Lion Inn will probably give rates
of $5.00 per person for room without bath,
and $6.00 per person for room with bath, for
the period from dinner on Thursday evening
to and including breakfast Saturday morning.
For those who want to make a longer stay, a
special rate of $4.00 a day probably will be
made. Reservations should be made directly
with the proprietor, Mr. Allen T. Treadway,
Red Lion Inn, Stockbridge, Mass.
Full details as to the meetings, etc., will be
sent as soon as possible.
JOHN G. MOULTON, Secretary.
WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS LIBRARY CLUB
The annual business meeting of the Western
Massachusetts Library Club was held Friday,
July 31, 1914, at the Massachusetts Agricul-
tural College at Amherst, in connection with
the fifth annual conference on Rural Com-
munity Planning. This session, like all the
other section meetings of the conference, was
held in the open air near the college library.
Miss J. M. Campbell, director of work
with foreigners of the Free Public Library
Commission, delivered the main address of
the session. She took for her subject
"The library as a social force in the
countryside," briefly telling what the library
should stand for in the community — being well
equipped to become a dynamic force, as it is
the most democratic of institutions and in-
tended to serve everybody. To show how this
service has been brought about in some places,
Miss Campbell conducted a round table,
drawing forth the experiences of different li-
braries in serving and working with various
social organizations in the country. One libra-
rian told how he used the Boy Scouts to de-
liver books to shut-ins; another told how she
used the Camp Fire girls and Blue Birds, and
another told of her work with the grange.
Miss Nellie L. Chase, children's librarian in
the City Library in Springfield, then conducted
a class of children to illustrate her method of
teaching them how to use the library. This
class was composed of ten small children cho-
sen from the families of the members of the
college faculty. The club has been working
the past year on outlines of instruction for
children in the use of the library and this
class work demonstrated the use of school
outlines. Miss Chase has been very successful
in teaching the children of the eighth and
ninth grades of the Springfield schools how
to use the library, and she conducted this
class in the same manner, illustrating the use
of the card catalog and describing the classi-
fication of books and the arrangement of the
books on the shelves. The purpose of all this
was to illustrate methods which might be used
in a small library. •
George L. Lewis, librarian of the Westfield
Atheneum, and chairman of the committee on
school outlines, presented his outlines, and
after carefully considering these, it was voted
to have them printed and distributed in West-
ern Massachusetts at the opening of the school
term in September.
770
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[October, 1914
The present officers were re-elected as fol-
lows: President, Miss Bertha E. Blakely of
Mt. Holyoke College Library; vice-presidents,
Mr. J. L. Harrison, Forbes Library, Northamp-
ton, and Miss Lucy Curtis, Williamstown Pub-
lic Library; secretary, Miss Alice K. Moore,
Springfield City Library ; treasurer, Miss Bertha
Gilligan, Holyoke Public Library ; recorder, Mr.
James A. Lowell, Springfield City Library.
LONG ISLAND LIBRARY CLUB
A special meeting of the Long Island Li-
brary Club was held at the Children's Museum,
Brooklyn, at 3 p. m., on September 15.
The president, Miss Harriot E. Hassler, ex-
plained that the reason for calling the meeting
was to hear the report of the committee on
continuance and consolidation appointed at the
annual meeting in May to consider the ques-
tion of the continuance of the Long Island
Library Club, with authority to confer with
the New York Library Club as to consolida-
tion. She outlined briefly the causes which
led to the appointment of this committee, and
then called upon Mr. Chas. H. Brown, the
chairman, for the report. Mr. Brown stated
that the committee had met with the council
of the New York Library Club and presented
to it the following reasons for the action taken
by the Long Island Library Club :
1. The formation of Greater New York
from various cities. One large city has re-
placed several smaller cities.
2. Closer union of various boroughs through
building of subways and lines of communica-
tion.
3. The outlying Long Island villages and
cities, once closely allied to Brooklyn, are now,
through the opening of the Pennsylvania sta-
tion, more accessible to New York than to
Brooklyn and Queens.
4. The membership of the two clubs is com-
posed to a large degree of the same persons,
and similar programs are being arranged for
discussion by the two clubs.
He further stated that after some discus-
sion, the council passed resolutions inviting
the Long Island Library Club to consolidate
with the New York Library Club, and ar-
ranged that the members of the Long Island
Library Club become members of the New
York Library Club, with all dues considered
paid to Jan. i, 1915, which resolutions were
confirmed at a special meeting of the New
York Library Club called for the purpose.
The report further stated that the council of
the New York Library Club had suggested
that the name of the new club should be New
York City Library Club. This the committee
thought especially unfortunate at the time of
proposed consolidation with the Long Island
Library Club — a club whose limits extend be-
yond New York City — to insert the word
"city" in the name of the consolidated club,
and suggested the name "Southern New York
Library Club."
The report was accepted, with thanks to the
committee for its work. It was then moved
that the Long Island Library Club accept the
invitation of the New York Library Club to
consolidate.
After some discussion over the suggested
change in the name of the club, it was unani-
mously resolved to adopt the report of the
committee, with the suggestions advanced, and
voted to consolidate with the New York Li-
brary Club, suggesting that in case of a
changed name for the consolidated club the
word "city" should not be included.
A resolution of appreciation was extended
to Mr. Stevens for his unselfish interest in the
promotion of library welfare in this vicinity
and for his earnest work as a member of both
clubs, which resolution the secretary was in-
structed to spread upon the minutes and to
forward a copy to Mr. Stevens.
The club then adjourned after a vote of
thanks to its president, Miss Hassler, for her
tireless efforts on behalf of the club, and to
the executive committee for its work.
ELEANOR ROPER, Secretry.
MICHIGAN AND WISCONSIN LIBRARY ASSO-
CIA TIONS—JOIN T MEE TING
The wisdom of neighboring states meeting
together from time to time was again shown
by the joint meeting of the Michigan and
Wisconsin Library Association, which took
place at Menominee, Michigan, and Marinette,
Wisconsin, July 29-31. The opening session
was held on Wednesday evening at the Spies
Memorial Library, Menominee, at which the
president of the Michigan association, Mr.
Theodore W. Koch, gave his impressions of
the Leipzig Exposition and the opening of the
A. L. A. exhibit. This was followed by an
informal stereopticon talk by Mr. Koch on
"The physical side of the book," this being a
sort of a corollary to the main theme of the
Leipzig Exposition. The Thursday morning
session opened with a round table on "Work
with children," at which Miss Adah Shelly
of Sault Ste. Marie spoke on "Refer-
ence books for a children's room" ; Miss
Martha Pond of Manitowoc on "Evening
work with children ;" and Miss Marion Hum-
ble of the Wisconsin Library Commission, and
Miss Minnie Hill of Racine, on "Graded lists
of children's books." This was followed by
a paper on "How to interest mothers in chil-
October, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
771
dren's reading," by Miss May G. Quigley of
Grand Rapids. The children's librarian in
Grand Rapids accomplished this result by at-
tending different mothers' meetings, in the
schools, the churches, and women's clubs. To
succeed in this movement one must know
her books, and be ready to have a human in-
terest in every child's mother, be she rich or
poor, American or foreign born.
Then followed the first general session, at
which an address of welcome was given by
the Mayor of Marinette, to which Miss Mary
A. Smith, the president of the Wisconsin Li-
brary Association, responded. Mr. Charles
P. Gary gave a vigorous talk on "Industrial
education and the public library," and Mr.
Samuel H. Ranck read a paper on "Vocational
guidance," (printed in the LIBRARY JOURNAL
for September, pp. 662-665). Mr. Charles E.
McLenegan of the Milwaukee Public Library
read a paper on "How to reach the other
half," — so filled with wit and humor that no
summary could do justice to it. Doubtless the
full paper will be published in the near future.
The meeting then, adjourned for a delightful
luncheon at the Presbyterian Church, given
by the city of Marinette.
The Thursday afternoon session opened
with an informal presentation of "The place
of art in the library," by Mrs. James H.
Campbell, which was largely devoted to the
possibilities of art exhibits in our public li-
braries. Mrs. Campbell spoke particularly of
the work of the American Federation of Art,
and made a plea for more institutional mem-
berships among our public libraries. A pa-
per by Richard B. G. Gardner, of the Publish-
ers' Co-operative Bureau, "Competitors to
books," was read by title, as the author was
unable to be present. The time assigned to
this was given to the Rev. Matthew Daly,
who spoke of his work as a missionary of the
Presbyterian church among the lumber men
in the camps in the northern peninsula. He
made a plea for more virile literature to be
sent to these camps, and deplored the ten-
dency on the part of some charitably disposed
people to send to his men such things as
Harper's Bazar, the Ladies' Home Journal,
and back numbers of periodicals of the past
generation. Miss Lutie Stearns gave a re-
view of the Washington meeting of the Amer-
ican Library Association.
At the evening session Mr. A. S. Root gave
an inspiring talk on "The growing librarian,"
in which he argued against the tendency
which besets so many library workers of get-
ting into a rut; of doing a thing in one way
and thinking that there was no other way in
which it could be done. He urged library
assistants and librarians to broaden out; to
read more professional literature ; to become
more alive to the possibilities of their work.
At the Friday morning session Miss Eliz-
abeth Manchester, librarian of the Chauncy
Hurlbut branch, Detroit, spoke of the "Rela-
tion of the library to the Boy Scout and
Camp Fire Girl movement." She gave illus-
trations of girls who had formerly refused to
read anything but the lightest fiction who
were led through their interest in first aid
work to read the lives of Florence Night-
ingale and Clara Barton, and by searching for
an Indian legend upon which to found their
Camp Fire to become thoroughly interested in
Indian folklore. Boys were likewise per-
suaded to read Cooper and biographies of
Audubon and Crockett.
Miss Elva Bascom told of the study club de-
partment of the Wisconsin Library Commis-
sion. Miss Julia Rupp and Miss Nina K.
Preston discussed the problem of how to in-
crease non-fiction reading. Frequent changes
on the open shelves were suggested, bringing
out old and new books ; catchy placards or
quotations on books to be placed above the
shelves ; short lists of books, with annotations
showing the personal touch, published in the
daily newspapers; slips pasted at the end of
books referring the reader to volumes of his-
tory or biography of the period covered, thus
suggesting further reading along the same
lines. The problem of securing suitable as-
sistants for a small library was discussed by
Mrs. Jessie Luther, librarian of the Antigo
Public Library. "The library as a moulder of
public opinion" was the subject of an informal
talk by Mr. Harry M. Nimmo, editor of the
Detroit Saturday Night, in which he made a
plea for greater publicity.
WISCONSIN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
At the business session of the Wisconsin
Library Association, the following officers
were elected for the ensuing year: President,
W. K. Calkins, Eau Claire; vice-president,
Lucy Lee Pleasants, Menasha; secretary,
Laura M. Olson, Eau Claire; treasurer, Cora
Frantz, Kenosha.
A motion was carried recommending that
the next annual meeting be held at Eau Claire,
during the fourth week of February, 1915. An
invitation to hold the 1916 meeting at Green
Bay was extended by Mrs. A. H. Neville,
trustee of the Kellogg Public Library of that
city.
The Association voted to affiliate with the
American Library Association.
Mr. M. S. Dudgeon, secretary of the Wis-
consin Library Commission, gave a' talk on
772
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[October, 1914
Wisconsin laws relating to libraries, espe-
cially the recently enacted law relating to
the payment of library bills, and the Wiscon-
sin health laws in regard to books. He pre-
sented a resolution which was adopted, re-
questing the Wisconsin Board of Health to
provide that public libraries be notified of the
existence of communicable disease in the com-
munity, that all rules relating to the preven-
tion of the spread of disease through the pub-
lic schools be made applicable to libraries, and
that provision be made for the co-operation of
local health officers with the public library au-
thorities in all disinfection and preventive
measures.
Mrs. A. H. Neville made a motion that the
Wisconsin Library Commission be requested
to draft a bill to be introduced into the next
legislature embodying the following provi-
sions : If any member of a library board shall
be absent from three successive meetings
without sufficient excuse, said member shall
be deemed to have resigned from said board,
and a successor shall be appointed as pro-
vided by law.
The following memorial resolutions were
adopted in honor of Reuben Gold Thwaites
and Frank Avery Hutchins, two of the best
known and most valued members of the As-
sociation.
The Wisconsin Library Association has to record
the los's during the past year of two of its most
widely known and valued members, Reuben Gold
Thwaites and Frank Avery Hutchins.
During the quarter century and more of Dr.
Thwaites* service as superintendent of the State His-
torical Society, he became a familiar and loved fig-
ure in all parts of the state, and his name was as-
sociated with every movement of importance for the
conservation of the state's historical records and tra-
ditions, and for the recognition of its history. No
service in these important interests was too small for
his attention. While carrying on with punctilious
care the many duties of his official position, building
up one of the richest historical collections in the
country, and making available from year to year a
large amount of valuable material pertaining to the
state, his interest was wider, and not only Wisconsin,
but the country at large acknowledges its debt to his
laborious research and his ability as author and edi-
tor in the fuller knowledge they have afforded of the
Northwest and its pioneer leaders, of Rocky Mountain
exploration and the work of the Jesuit missionaries.
Through the State Historical Society and through
the Wisconsin Library Commission, of which he
was for many years a member, the libraries through-
out the state have benefited from Dr. Thwaites' inter-
est in library efficiency and service, while his personal
interest in the work of many libraries remains a
treasured memory. We hereby record our apprecia-
tion of his distinguished services to the library pro-
fession as a whole, and in particular, of his untiring
efforts in the promotion of library interests in Wis-
consin, and express our deep regret that he will no
longer greet us, either in our own libraries or at the
meetings of this Association.
In the death of Frank Avery Hutchins, the Wisconsin
Library Association lost its founder and loyal friend.
Mr. Hutchins conceived the idea of the Association
in 1891, the second association of the kind in Amer-
ica. He was its President and Secretary at various
times and gave it every encouragement and support.
To Mr. Hutchins, more than to any other person,
Wisconsin owes a debt of gratitude for its library
development.
The Wisconsin Library Association places upon its
permanent records this mark of its love for Mr.
Hutchins, its appreciation of his never-to-be-forgotten
spirit of idealism and self-sacrifice, and commends to
the members of the Association the study and emula-
tion of his character.
MRS. A. H. NEVILLE,
LUTIE E. STEARNS,
ELVA L. BASCOM, Chairman.
Resolutions expressing the appreciation of
the Wisconsin Association for the splendid
hospitality offered by the cities of Marinette
and Menominee, and thanking all those who
contributed in any way to the pleasure and
success of the convention were unanimously
adopted.
GERTRUDE COBB, Secretary.
OHIO LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
The twentieth session of the Ohio Library
Association will be held in Dayton, Oct. 6-9..
The library board, the librarian and staff and
the citizens will extend a hearty welcome to the
library people of Ohio. Dayton offers many
opportunities on the recreational side. The
National Cash Register Company, the Sol-
diers' Home, the Wright aviation field, hills
and dales, and the city itself, emerging from
the flood conditions of a year ago, will make
a visit to Dayton well worth while.
The association hopes to have as its guest
Miss Ahern, the editor of Public Libraries,
who returns from the war zone, where she
has been in attendance upon the Book Arts
Exposition at Leipzig. Miss Massee, editor
of the A. L. A. Book List, is also expected.
Prof. Richard Burton, of the University of
Minnesota, is expected to give an address at
the opening session, which will be followed
by a reception. Many well-known librarians
of the state will read and discuss papers on
"Book buying and book selection," "The li-
brary and school," "Children's books," and
"The library and social service." The closing
address will be on "The larger life," by Presi-
dent Henry Churchill King, of Oberlin.
The program committee has secured the
U. S. Bureau of Education exhibit in library
and school material, which attracted so much
attention at the American Library Association
meeting last May. The autumn exhibition of
local artists of the Montgomery County Art
Association will be' held at this time.
ILLINOIS LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
The nineteenth annual meeting of the Il-
linois Library Association will be held at
Springfield October 21-22.
The Illinois State Library is to be the host
on this occasion, and the meetings will be
held in the capitol.
October, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
773
The public meeting on Thursday evening
will be addressed by Professor Walter Dill
Scott of Northwestern University on the "Psy-
chology of the rising generation of Ameri-
cans." On Friday morning Mrs. Gudrun
Thorne-Thomsen will hold a story hour. Ex-
president R. E. Hieronymur, now community
adviser at the University of Illinois, will speak
on "The library as an aid in community devel-
opment," and it is hoped that Miss Florence
R. Curtis will contribute to this part of the
program by a talk on "Social surveys." Miss
Frances Simpson will present an appreciation
of the work and services to Illinois libraries
of Miss Katharine L. Sharp, and a white list
of periodicals will be presented for discussion
and dissection by Miss Nellie E. Parham.
Three round tables will be held, one for
small libraries, one for reference librarians,
and the third for trustees, being the annual
meeting of the Illinois Library Trustees Asso-
ciation.
The report of the legislative committee will
be of more than passing interest, and it is
hoped that it will be discussed and endorsed
by the librarians present.
The headquarters have been fixed at the
New Leland, where special rates have been
given for this meeting.
F. K. W. DRURY, President.
IOWA LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
The twenty-fifth annual meeting of the
Iowa Library Association will be held in Mar-
shalltown Tuesday to Thursday, October 20
to 22. Speakers from out of the state in-
clude Miss M. E. Ahern, Miss Alice Tyler,
Miss Mary Massee and Mr. W. N. C. Carlton.
MISSOURI LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
The Missouri Library Association will meet
this year in Sedalia, and tentative dates of
October 29 and 30 have been set. On account
of the illness of Miss Whittier, president of
the Association, Mrs. Harriet Sawyer of the
St. Louis Public Library, vice-president of the
Association, is assuming the duties of the
president.
JESSE CUNNINGHAM, Secretary.
Xtbrarg Scboois ~
UNIVERSITY OF IOWA— SUMMER LIBRARY
SCHOOL
The Summer Library School conducted by
the University of Iowa, at Iowa City, was part
of the general session of the Summer School,
and the students of the Library School had the
advantage of attending many lectures given by
various professors, both visiting and local. The
dormitory, Currier Hall, made a delightful
headquarters, where nearly all of the women
students of the university were in residence,
and where the occasional hot day made little
or no impression upon the thick walls and cool
corridors.
The plan of localizing in one week most of
the out-of-town speakers was tried again in
the session, and proved as much of a success
as ever. It is hoped that the idea may be used
in other years, for during this week between
twenty-five and thirty visitors came to the
school, and a great deal of interest was aroused
by the program. Mr. Utley was the chief
speaker, on Tuesday, July 14, using as his
topic, "How the community views its librarian."
Miss Grace D. Rose, librarian of the Daven-
port Public Library, spoke on "The larger
library and its community"; Miss Robinson
presented the rural extension bill in Iowa, urg-
ing all present to extend their radius of in-
fluence under the provisions of this bill. Mrs.
A. J. Barclay, of Boone, a trustee of the public
library there and a member of the State Li-
brary Commission, spoke upon the "Effect of
libraries in rural communities." The Library
Club of Iowa City gave a dinner to the visiting
librarians in the evening, after which Miss
Robinson showed views of many of the library
buildings in the state of Iowa.
Other lectures were given during the week
as follows : Mr. Jacob Zan der Zee, of the His-
torical Library, an Oxford Rhodes scholar,
spoke on "Oxford libraries" ; Dr. Shambaugh,
librarian of the Historical Library, told of the
work of that institution, showing many of
their publications ; Dr. Shambaugh also gave
an illustrated lecture upon the Amana colony,
which the class afterwards visited; Professor
Irving King, author of the books, "Education
for social efficiency" and "Social aspects of
education," gave suggestions for a community
study; Professor Wyckoff, head of the eco-
nomics department at Grinnell College, spoke
on "Social work and the library" ; Professor
Klingaman, head of the university extension
department, discussed "University extension
and the library"; Mr. Dickerson, librarian of
Grinnell College Library, talked upon the "Col-
lege library and its community" ; Mr. Johnson
Brigham gave an inspiring paper on the "Li-
brarian's attitude toward current literature";
and Miss Robinson discussed the "Library
commission," "Library publicity," and told of
the work in state institution libraries.
The visiting librarians and members of the
school were entertained at a six-course dinner
one evening by the Iowa City Library Club.
This was held at the Burkley Imperial. A few
members of the university faculty, the trustees
of the Iowa City Public Library, and members
of the club were also present, making a total
774
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[October, 1914
of fifty-one. Guests of honor were Mr. Utley;
Mrs. Barclay, of Boone, a member of the state
commission ; Mrs. Loomis, of Cedar Rapids,
former president of the Iowa Library Associa-
tion ; Miss Robinson, of Des Moines ; and Miss
Rose, of Davenport. The decorations were
striking, consisting of a broad mass of ferns
and black-eyed Susans on the T-shaped table.
This note was carried out also in the place
cards. On account of a lecture which was
scheduled later the toasts were omitted.
RIVERSIDE PUBLIC LIBRARY SUMMER
SCHOOL
The short course in library service offered
by the Riverside Public Library completed a
six weeks summer session August 15. The
following students completed the work:
Virginia Cleaver Bacon, Portland, Ore.
Ruth Bullock, Redlands, Calif.
Clara A. Clark, Los Angeles, Calif.
Mary Royce Crawford, Pasadena, Calif.
Lynette Furley, Wichita, Kan.
Inez M. Harmer, Santa Barbara^ Calif.
Faye T. Kneeshaw, Escondido, Calif.
Eva Irene Ratliff, Colton, Calif.
Annie M. Taylor, Azusa, Calif.
Eva West, Greenfield, Iowa.
Lilla B. Dailey, Escondido, Calif.
Arline Davis, Orange, Calif.
Zelia Frances Webb, Calexico, Calif.
Virginia Dearborn, Riverside. Calif.
Helen Evans, Riverside, Calif.
Alberta Speer Coffin, Azusa, Calif.
Margaret R. Ingrum, Kansas City, Mo.
Dorothy Daniels, Riverside, Calif.
Esther Daniels, Riverside, Calif.
Mignon Baker, Canon City. Colo.
Nellie L. Conrad, Fenton, Mich.
Carrie O. Swank, Visalia, Calif.
The names of the instructors, the program
of the summer school and the general plan of
instruction throughout the year is set forth in
bulletin 101, published in April, 1914.
This is the last summer session of the li-
brary service school ; hereafter the winter
school will be the short course feature. An-
nouncements of the winter school will be is-
sued early in the fall.
CHAUTAUQUA SUMMER LIBRARY SCHOOL
The fourteenth annual session of the Chau-
tauqua Library School was held July 4-August
14, under the supervision of Mary E. Downey,
assisted by Sabra W. Vought and Sabra A.
Stevens.
The work of the regular instructors was
supplemented by special lectures as follows:
Mr. W. F. Yust told of reorganizing the
Louisville and Rochester Public Libraries;
Mrs. Evelyn Snead Barnett spoke of "The
technique of the short story," illustrating with
one of her own charming stories ; Mrs. Earl
Barnes talked on "Children's reading in the
home" ; Mr. Earl Barnes lectured on "Re-
search work in American libraries;" Miss
Kate Kimball addressed the class on "The
Chautauqua reading course" ; Mr. Ernest J.
Reece discussed "Public documents ;" Prof.
Vaughan McCaughey spoke on "Books related
to nature study;" Mrs. Anna Sturges Duryea
talked on "Peace literature;" and Mme. Haff-
kin-Hamburger gave an address on "Libraries
in Russia." The students also attended Miss
Mabel C. Bragg's story telling classes.
Miss Downey lectured daily on library or-
ganization and administration, including the
American Library Association ; State associa-
tions ; District meetings or Institutes, Clubs
and Staff meetings ; Noted library workers ;
State Commissions ; Evolution of the library ;
Extension in the United States ; State, County,
Township, and local extension ; Developing a
library; Reorganizing a library; Building and
equipment ; The trustee ; The staff ; Reading
of the librarian; The maintenance fund; Val-
ues in library work ; Supplies ; Book selection
and buying ; Preparing books for the shelves ;
Care of periodicals, clippings, pictures and
pamphlets; Special collections; Simplifying
routine work; Work with children, schools
and clubs ; How to use a library ; Reports and
statistics.
Miss Vought gave lectures in cataloging
three times a week and in classification twice
a week. Each student cataloged not less than
one hundred books and classified over two
hundred.
Miss Stevens taught the reference course,
including three periods a week, and also ac-
cessioning, shelf listing, binding and mend-
ing, loan systems, and bibliography.
Lectures were followed by practice work
which was carefully revised. Opportunity
was given for questions and discussion of
problems relating to library experience and
consultation with the instructors.
In addition to the Chautauqua Library, stu-
dents have had the use of books from the New
York Traveling Library for reference and
practice work. On Wednesday and Friday
afternoons the class made trips to Westfield,
where the Patterson Library was used to fur-
ther demonstrate the subjects of study. The
Prendergast Library at Jamestown was also
visited and the Art Metal Construction Com-
pany gave opportunity to examine library fur-
niture and equipment.
Quarters are to be ready next year for the
Library School in a new wing to be added
to the Arts and Crafts Building. Students
visited the book-binding department there,
where Miss Nancy Byer, the instructor, ex-
plained the various forms of binding.
The students had the privilege of attending
many lectures on the general program relat-
ing directly to library work, child study and
literature.
October, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
775
Visiting librarians, trustees and others in-
terested in library work attended special lec-
tures and consulted in regard to library mat-
ters, making this feature a very important
part of the work.
The registration included thirty-one stu-
dents representing libraries of the following
sixteen states : Ohio, ten ; j.ndiana and New
York, 3 each ; Maryland and West Virginia,
two each; Arkansas, Kansas, Kentucky, Illi-
nois, Maine, Mississippi, Missouri, Pennsyl-
vania, Tennessee, Virginia and Wisconsin, one
each.
MARY E. DOWNEY.
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN SUMMER LI-
BRARY SCHOOL
Thirty-three students enrolled for the sixth
session of the University of Michigan Summer
Library School, June 29-August 21. Of these,
sixteen were college graduates, six of them
being graduates of the University of Michi-
gan. Eleven had taught, some for only one
semester or one year, others as long as six-
teen years. Twenty-three had library experi-
ence, varying from short periods up to six years.
Two of them were undergraduates in the
University and four had taken other Univer-
sity of Michigan summer school courses.
Three were assistants in the University Li-
brary and two were appointed to assistant-
ships upon completion of the course.
There were comparatively few changes in
the curriculum, but there was a larger num-
ber of illustrated lectures than in previous
years. Multigraphed copies of the cataloging
rules were distributed to each student, together
with many directions formerly given in the
class room. By this means more time was
left for discussion in the class. Each cata-
loging problem contained two books which ev-
ery student was required to catalog. The
students were expected to report in class upon
these books, the entries being written on the
blackboard before the class and these reports
forming the basis for the discussions. The
work in classification brought out some new
problems, including some which were brought
up by new books and the newer subjects.
Four lectures were given on the subject of
municipal, state, and government documents.
The class was quizzed on the lectures, and
each member was required to bring one state
or municipal, and one congressional document,
and explain its use and value, handing in de-
scriptive annotated cards. Each member of
the class acquired acquaintance with all of the
documents on which reports were made, which
were selected for their value and importance
in the small or moderate-sized library. More
than usual interest was exhibited by the class
in a subject which is generally considered to
be dry and tedious.
Six lectures on literature for children were
given by Miss Edna Whiteman, instructor in
story-telling in the Training School for Chil-
dren's Librarians, Carnegie Library of Pitts-
burgh. The lectures were designed to cover
the main points in book selection for children
and included careful analysis of certain pieces
of literature and discussion of methods of in-
troducing and presenting different forms of
literature to children. The illustrative mater-
ial used was chosen to inspire appreciation for
the types of literature which have the greatest
influence in forming standards of selection.
Among the topics considered were general
principles of book selection for children, the
beginnings of literary interest, books for lit
tie children, fairy tales, the development of
literary interest and the hero worship period,
mythology, great hero tales in world litera-
ture, poetry, fiction, travel, history, and biog-
raphy.
Visits were made to the Detroit Public Li-
brary and the State Normal College Library,
Ypsilanti.
T. W. KOCH.
LIBRARY SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF
WISCONSIN
SUMMER SESSION
A six weeks' course was offered for libra-
rians and assistants from Wisconsin libraries
August 4 to September n. This paralleled the
instruction given to the entering class in the
legislative reference course. Sixteen were in
attendance for the full course.
The subjects offered included all phases of
library work, with special emphasis on the
technical side; the work was in charge of the
regular faculty of the school.
Miss Carpenter entertained the faculty and
students at her home upon the first Friday,
affording an opportunity for the class to be-
come better acquainted. The faculty planned
a picnic, always an annual event, for the stud-
ents and it was held at Turvillwood. The
class in turn entertained the faculty on the last
Saturday of the session. Clever jokes and
"grinds" made a jolly time for all. As a mark
of their appreciation the students presented to
the school a dozen and a half sherbet glasses.
The students enjoyed Miss Stearns's lecture
to them on "Library progress during a quarter
century." Miss Abbie Carter Goodloe, the
author, who is spending the summer in Madi-
son, spoke informally to the class on "Experi-
ences in Mexico." Following her lecture
punch was served and the class gift christened.
776
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
{October, 1914
ALUMNI NOTES
Ella V. Ryan, 1907, is now first assistant in
the document department of the Wisconsin
Historical Library.
Edwina Casey, legislative reference course,
1909, who has been connected with the Kansas
State Library, has accepted a similar position
in charge of the Illinois Legislative Reference
Bureau.
Angie Messer, 1909, spent the summer in
Europe.
Gretchen Flower, 1910, has resigned her
position in the Kansas State Normal School
and will organize the library of the Presby-
terian College, Emporia, Kansas.
Corina Kittelson, 1910, has been made state
librarian of Colorado, beginning September i.
Since April 15 she has been acting as special
cataloguer in the State Library, Denver. Her
appointment was made under the state civil
service.
Sarah V. Lewis, 1911, becomes librarian of
the Homewood branch, Carnegie Library of
Pittsburgh, October i, resigning the librarian-
ship of the Allentown (Pa.) Public Library.
Beulah Mumm, 1911, passed the examina-
tions for county library positions in California
and was appointed August i librarian of the
Glenn County Free Library, Willows.
Pearle Glazier, 1912, was married August 5
to Mr. John L. Miller, Rawlins, Wyo. She
has been librarian at Hampton, Iowa, since
graduation.
Helen Pfeiffer, 1912, is now librarian for
the Sears, Roebuck Co., Chicago, succeeding
Althea Warren, 1911, who resigned in June.
Marion E. Potts, 1912, has been appointed
package librarian of the Extension Division of
the University of Texas, Austin.
Marion E. Frederickson, 1913, has been
elected librarian of the Delavan (Wis.) Pub-
lic Library.
Nora Beust, 1913, who took the training
course for children's librarians at Cleveland,
has been made children's librarian in one of
the Cleveland branch libraries.
Alice M. Emmons, 1914, who had a tem-
porary position in the East Orange (N. J.)
Public Library during the summer, has been
permanently elected branch librarian.
Verna M. Evans, 1914, assumed the libra-
rianship of the Elwood (Ind.) Public Library
on September 15.
Doris M. Hanson, 1914, has received an ap-
pointment in the Birmingham (Ala.) Public
Library. She will be librarian of the West
End branch, beginning October i.
Agnes King, 1914, has received an appoint-
ment as assistant in the Kansas State Normal
School, Emporia.
Glenn P. Turner and Jennie W. McMullin,
both students in the legislative reference
course, 1914, were married September 10.
MARY EMOGENE HAZELTINE.
LIBRARY SCHOOL OF THE NEW YORK
PUBLIC LIBRARY
The following twenty-three students re-
ceived diplomas from the school in June, 1914 :
Mabel Louise Abbott, Minnesota.
Katharine M. Christopher, Michigan.
Alta B. Claflin, Ohio.
Azalea Clizbee, Brooklyn Borough, N. Y. C.
Letty Lucile Davis, New Jersey.
Frederick Goodell, Michigan.
Minerva Grimm, New York City.
Anna Marie Hardy, Nebraska.
Elizabeth A. Haseltine, Massachusetts.
Dorothy G. Hoyt, Michigan.
Mary Ethel Jameson, Michigan.
Florence D. Johnston, Iowa.
Ida W. Lentilhon, Queens Borough, N. Y. C.
Metta Ryman Ludey, New Jersey.
Keyes D. Metcalf, Ohio.
Louise Miltimore, New York City.
Amy C. Osborn, New York.
Martha C. Pritchard, Rhode Island.
Forrest B. Spaulding, Brooklyn Borough, N. Y. C.
Marion P. Watson, New Jersey.
Enid M. Weidinger, New Jersey.
Marjorie L. Wilson, Iowa.
Gladys Young, Iowa.
All but one have taken or continued to hold
library positions, thirteen in the New York
Public Library, one each in Minneapolis.
Cleveland, East Orange, Cedar Rapids, Bloom-
field (N. J.), White Plains (N. Y.), Far
Rockaway, and two in New York City. The
remaining member of the class became Mrs.
Fayette Andrus Cook in June, 1914, and re-
tired from regular library work.
The thirty-six students receiving certificates
for the first year or general course, were as
follows :
May E. Baillet, New Jersey.
Rachel H. Beall, New York City.
Elizabeth V. Briggs, Michigan.
Jessie Callan, Pennsylvania.
Mabel Cooper, Oregon.
May V. Crenshaw, Virginia.
Alma D. Custead, Pennsylvania.
Francis J. Dolezal, Missouri.
Katharine Esselstyn, New York State.
Italia E. Evans, Indiana.
Agnes Fleming, Iowa.
Florence E. toshay, New York State.
Beatrice M. Freer, New York State.
Marietta Fuller, Brooklyn Borough, N. Y. C.
Edith H. Roswell Hawley, Connecticut.
Dollie B. Hepburn, New Jersey.
Marjorie H. Holmes, Alabama.
Frances Kaercher, Pennsylvania.
Rose Kahan, Washington.
Elizabeth Kamenetzky, New Jersey.
Alexandra McKechnie, Canada.
George S. Maynard, Massachusetts.
Katharine Maynard, Massachusetts.
Dorothy P. Miller, New York State.
Mary L. Osborn, New York State.
Dorothy N. Rogers, Minnesota.
Alice F. Rupp, New York State.
Irene E. Smith, Oregon.
Rachel N. T. Stone, Connecticut.
Allan V. Rornudd, Finland.
Mignon R. Tyler, New Jersey.
Sophie A. Udin, Pennsylvania.
Mary I. Weadock, Michigan.
October, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
777
Elizabeth T. Williams, Connecticut.
Mary E. Winslow, Vermont.
Frances R. Young, Florida.
Of those not returning for the senior year,
one has been appointed in each of the follow-
ing libraries : Braddock, Pa. ; Ft. Wayne, Ind. ;
Kingston, N. Y. ; Montgomery, Ala.; Calgary.
Alberta. Two seniors will occupy positions in
Patchogue, L. I., and New Rochelle, coming
into town for school work two mornings a
week. The remaining seniors will probably
hold positions in the New York Public Library
during the year.
The entering class of the coming year num-
bers thirty-nine, with possible additions, the
senior class thirty-four, with one or two pos-
sible withdrawals. The total enrollment rep-
resents twenty states, the District of Colum-
bia, Canada, China, and Finland. Colleges and
universities represented by their graduates are
Barnard, Boone (China), Cornell, Harvard,
Helsingfors, Johns Hopkins, Penn (Iowa),
New Rochelle, Smith, Western Reserve, and
the universities of Michigan, Minnesota, Ore-
gon, Vermont and .Washington. State normal
schools of California, New York, Ontario,
and Wisconsin are also represented by grad-
uates.
Preliminary practice for students without
library experience began September 14, the
school opening for term work September 28.
Miss Newberry (1913) and Miss Greene,
(junior, 1913) conducted courses and gave
lectures at normal schools and teachers' insti-
tutes in Michigan during the summer.
One graduate and three junior students
were caught on the Continent by the announce-
ment of war, but contrived to get out of the
danger zone without much difficulty.
MARY W. PLUMMER, Principal.
SIMMONS COLLEGE LIBRARY SCHOOL
The summer library class met from July 6
to August 14, with an enrolment of forty-one
students. New England sent the largest num-
ber, and Ohio, Kentucky, Arkansas, and To-
ronto, were also represented.
Miss Harriet R. Peck, librarian of the Rens-
selaer Polytechnic Institute Library, Troy, N.
Y., was in charge for the first three weeks,
and Miss Florence Blunt, of the Haverhill
Public Library, for the last three. The chil-
dren's course was conducted by Mrs. E. S.
Root, of the Providence Public Library.
Besides the lecturers previously announced
the class had the pleasure of hearing Miss
Caroline M. Underbill, of the Utica Public
Library, Miss Elva S. Gardner, of the Prov-
idence Public Library, and Miss Jane Crissey,
of the Troy (N. Y.) Public Library, who
gave a practical demonstration of book
mending.
An important part of the work was the
visiting of libraries. Somerville and the
North End branch of the Boston Public Li-
brary were among those visited.
The college year opened September 23, en-
trance examinations having been given Sep-
tember 12-19.
ALUMNAE NOTES
Recent appointments include the following:
Helen Carleton, 1914, librarian, Public Li-
brary, Dickinson, N. D.
Anna R. Foster, assistant librarian, Swarth-
more College Library. .
Esther C. Johnson, librarian, Heermance
Memorial Library, Coxsackie, N. Y.
Ethel Kellar, children's librarian, Public Li-
brary, Fort Worth, Texas.
Margaret Kneil, 1914, high school librarian,
Olean, N. Y.
Lillian Nisbet, 1914, assistant, Public Li-
brary of Cincinnati.
Mary McCarthy, 1914, assistant, Library of
Landscape Architecture, Harvard University.
Edith Newcomet, 1914, assistant, Browns-
ville branch, Brooklyn Public Library.
Edith Phail, librarian for the National Cash
Register Company, Dayton, Ohio.
lona Randall, 1914, assistant, Clark Univer-
sity Library.
Margaret Watkins, librarian, Social Service
Library, Boston.
Louise Hoxie spent August cataloging in the
Ashfield (Mass.) Public Library, under the
Massachusetts Free Library Commission.
Helen Smith, 1914, substituted in the Har-
vard Medical School Library.
Edith Fitch, 1906-07, has resigned from the
Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh to become li-
brarian of the Lenox Library Association,
Lenox, Mass.
Elizabeth Knapp, 1903-04, has resigned from
the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, to become
supervisor of children's work in the Detroit
Public Library.
Cornelia Barnes resigned from the Denver
Public Library in May, to accept a cataloger's
position in the United States National Muse-
um, Washington.
Marion Lovis, 1909, resigned as the librarian
of the Somerville (Mass.) High School to ac-
cept a similar position in Tacoma, Wash.
Eva Malone resigned the librarianship of
Meredith College to go to the Trinity College
Library, Durham, N. C.
Josephine Hargrave resigned from the Pub-
lic Library of Dickinson, N. D., to become
librarian of her Alma Mater, Ripon College.
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[October, 1914
Dorothy Hopkins, 1911, who during the
summer was engaged in story-telling to groups
of children visiting the Boston Art Museum,
in behalf of the Playground Association, has
accepted a position as assistant in the Rad-
cliffe College Library.
Alice Gertrude Kendall, 1910, was married
August 15, to Mr. James McKeen Lewis.
J. R. DONNELLY, Director.
CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH-
TRAINING SCHOOL FOR CHILDREN'S
LIBRARIANS
The members of the class of 1915 have re-
ceived the following appointments :
Mary Banes — Children's librarian, Public Library,
St. Louis, Mo.
Alice Pauline Burgess — Assistant children's libra-
rian, New York Public Library, New York City.
Margaret Baxter Carnegie — Assistant children's li-
brarian, Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh.
Dorothy Virginia Forbes — Children's librarian, New
York Public Library, New York City.
Celia Florence Frost — Children's librarian, Public
Library, Minneapolis, Minn.
Mary Elizabeth Fuller — Children's librarian, Pub-
lic Library, Council Bluffs, Iowa.
Grace Nellie Gilleland — Assistant children's libra-
rian, Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh.
Alice Rowan Douglas Gillim — Children's librarian,
Public Library, Cincinnati.
Mary Benton Harris — Children's librarian, Public
Library, Carnegie, Pa.
Edith Irene Groft — Assistant children's librarian,
Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh.
Mary Hughes — Children's librarian, Public Library,
Victoria, B. C.
Veronica Somerville Hutchinson — Assistant chil-
dren's librarian, Public Library, Cleveland.
Helen Edith McCracken — Assistant children's li-
brarian, Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh.
Virginia McMaster — Children's librarian, Public
Library, Portland, Ore.
Helen Martin — Assistant children's librarian, Car-
negie Library of Pittsburgh.
Helen Margaret Martin — Children's librarian, Pub-
lic Library, Cincinnati.
Mary Robinson Moorhead — Children's librarian,
Public Library, Detroit.
Marjorie McCandless Morrow — Children's librarian,
Public Library, Duluth.
Mary Caroline Pillow — Assistant children's libra-
rian, Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh.
Vera Julia Prout— Children's librarian, Public Li-
brary, Detroit.
Mary D. Rains — Children's librarian, Public Library,
Mason City, Iowa.
Muriel Rose Samson — Children's librarian, New
York Public Library, New York City.
Martha Josephine Sands — Assistant children's li-
brarian, Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh.
Jessie Gay Van Cleye — Assistant children's librarian,
Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh.
The entrance examination to fill vacancies
occuring in the entering class was held Sep-
tember first.
ALUMNAE NOTES
Miss Frances Pillow Gray, 1914, was mar-
ried to Mr. Samuel Dunlap Everhart, Jr.,
September 3, 1914.
Miss Helen Beardsley, 1913, was married to
Mr. Percy Scott Hazlett September 8, 1914.
Miss Emily Adele Beale, special student,
1903-1904, was married to Mr. James M.
Lambing September 7, 1914.
Miss Effie L. Power, class of 1904, formerly
supervisor of children's work, St. Louis Pub-
lic Library, has been appointed supervisor of
work with schools, Carnegie Library of Pitts-
burgh. Miss Power begins her new work
October i.
SARAH C. N. BOGLE, Director.
PRATT INSTITUTE SCHOOL OF LIBRARY
SCIENCE
The School opened September 16 with a
class which it was pre-determined to limit
strictly to twenty-five members. These are :
Mary Taft Atwater, Boston, Mass.
Carson Brevoort, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Ethel Seymour Brown, Cincinnati, O. Assistant, Pub-
lic Library, Cincinnati, O.
Myra Whitney Buell, St. Paul, Minn. Assistant,
Public Library, St. Paul. Minn.
Estelle May Campbell, El Paso, Texas. Assistant,
Public Library, El Paso, Texas.
Portia Maja Conkling, Regina, Canada. Assistant,
Public Library, Regina, Canada.
Inger Helene Garde, Denmark. Assistant, Industri-
foreningens Bibliotek, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Esther Albertina Giblin, Utica, N. Y. Simmons Col-
lege, 1912-14.
Florence Irwin Griffith, West Chester, Pa. Graduate,
State Normal School, West Chester.
Janet Elizabeth Gump, Everett, Pa. Assistant, Juni-
ata College Library.
Helen Mary Heezen, Muscatine, Iowa. University of
Wisconsin, A. M., 1912.
Janet Elizabeth Hileman, Kittanning, Pa. Packer In-
stitute, Brooklyn.
Ruth Sydney Hull, Millersville, Pa. Graduate State
Normal School, Millersville.
Mildred Gould Lovell, Fall River, Mass. Graduate,
Bradford Academy.
Mary Mildred MacCarthy, Waterville, Kansas. Kan-
sas State University, A. B., 1914
Edith Meserole McWilliams, New York City. Grad-
uate, Ely School.
Mildred Maynard, Williamsport, Pa.
Grace Bushnell Morgan, Avondale, Cincinnati, O.
University of Cincinnati, 1911-13. Assistant, Cin-
cinnati Public Library.
Helen Harrison Morgan, Avondale, Cincinnati, O.
Assistant, Cincinnati Public Library.
Anna May Neuhauser, Millersville, Pa. Graduate,
State Normal School, Millersville.
Lillias Pendleton Nichols, Northampton, Mass.
Alice Elizabeth Ogden, Summit, N. J.
Gladys Elizabeth Schummers, Fairport, N. Y. Sweet
Briar College, 1911-14.
Antoinette W. Van Cleef, Jersey City, N. J.
There are seven students from Pennsylvania,
four from New York State, three each from
Massachusetts and Ohio, two from New Jer-
sey, and one each from Minnesota, Iowa, Kan-
sas, Texas, Canada, and Denmark. Eight
members of the class have come to the school
from library positions, and six others have
had library experience. Eight of them taught
and three have had business experience.
ALUMNI NOTES
Cards have been received announcing the
marriage of Miss Rhoda C. Shepard, 1907, to
Mr. Victor J. Whitlock on July 8.
We learn with great regret of the death of
Miss Helen M. Davis, 1910. Miss Davis was
an assistant in the library at Portland, Oregon,
October, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
779
from her graduation until November, 1912,
when she was made librarian of the Public
Library at Franklin, Indiana. She entered
upon her work in Franklin with great enthus-
iasm, and during the year and a half of her
librarianship she did a strong and construc-
tive piece of work.
Miss Madalene F. Dow, 1914, has been in
the catalog department of Columbia University
during the summer.
Miss Kate A. Goodrich, 1914, has been ap-
pointed assistant in the catalog department of
the Queens Borough Public Library.
Miss Sarah Greer and Miss Edith I. Wright,
1914, have both been appointed to the reference
catalog division of the New York Public Li-
brary.
JOSEPHINE ADAMS RATHBONE, Vice-Director.
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY SCHOOL
ALUMNI NOTES
Graduates and former students of the
School have been appointed to positions as
follows :
Mary H. Clark, 1902-03, cataloger of the li-
brary of the George B. Carpender estate, at
Park Ridge, Illinois, during the month of
August; beginning in September cataloger in
the Newberry Library, Chicago.
Catherine S. Oaks, B. L. S. 1913, assistant
cataloger, Miami University Library, Oxford,
Ohio.
Marguerite Mitchell, 1911-13, assistant in the
Ohio State University Library, Columbus.
Elizabeth H. Cass, B. L. S. 1913, assistant in
the Western Reserve University Library
School.
Edith H. Morgan, 1912-13, librarian of the
State Normal School, Gunnison, Colorado.
Eugenia Allin, B. L. S. 1903, librarian of the
James Millikin University, Decatur, Illinois.
Fanny W. Hill, 1913-14, temporary assistant
in the Classical Seminar, University of Illinois.
George H. Roach, 1913-14, assistant in the
Oregon State Agricultural College, Corvallis.
Grace Smith, 1913-14, cataloger, University
of Oklahoma.
Cena Sprague, 1913-14, assistant in the Iowa
State University Library, Iowa City.
Leila B. Wilcox, 1913-14, librarian of the
Franklin (Ind.) Public Library.
Grace Barnes, 1913-14, temporary cataloger
during the summer at the University of Illi-
nois Library.
Ethyl Blum, 1913-14, cataloger for the Illi-
nois State Historical Library at Springfield.
Agnes Cole, B. L. S. 1901, cataloger, State
Library, Salem, Ore.
P. L. WINDSOR, Director.
CLEVELAND TRAINING CLASS FOR LIBRARY
WORK WITH CHILDREN
The class of 1913-1914 of the Cleveland
Public Library Training Class for Library
Work with Children finished the year with
ten members, one student, Miss Mary Randell,
having dropped out Feb. I, to take a position
in the Fort Wayne (Ind.) Library. The entire
class were asked to stay on as assistants in
the Cleveland Public Library; seven accepted
and were given positions as follows : Branch
librarians, Charlotte Fairchild, Helen Starr;
children's librarians, Mary Hoover, Anna
Klumb, Annabel Porter; school librarians,
Gladys Cole; first assistant and children's li-
brarian, Jane Brown. Positions accepted in
other libraries were as follows : Nora Beust,
assistant, La Crosse Normal School Library;
Sarah Caldwell, children's librarian, New
York Public Library; Adeline Cartwright,
Toronto Public Library.
The class of 1914-1915 opened Sept. 15 with
thirteen students from nine states. Eight of
this number are library school graduates; the
remaining five have each had several years'
experience in library work. Five of the stu-
dents have college degrees, and two have had
one year of college work. Five colleges are
represented ; four library schools — Pratt, Sim-
mons, Drexel and Western Reserve; and the
thirty-two years of library experience totaled
by the class of thirteen was gained in seven
different libraries — Buffalo, St. Louis, Indian-
apolis, Gary (Ind.), and Cleveland Public Li-
braries— Bryn Athyn (Pa.) Academy Library
and the Mercantile Library of Cincinnati.
The students' names and credentials are as
follows :
Brown, Helen Clare, Covington, Ky., Mercantile
Library, Cincinnati, 1910-13.
Fowler, Maude Woodward, Franklin, N. H., Pratt,
1914.
Gibson, Anna Ashton, Gary, Ind., Gary Public Li-
ary, 1910-13; Cleveland Public Library, 1913-14.
Greenamyer, Helen Loretta, Cleveland, Ohio, West-
ern Reserve University Library School, 1912; Cleve
land Public Library, 1910-14.
McConnell, Josephine, Lakewood, Ohio, Western Re-
serve University Library School, 1914.
MacMahon, Joyce, Indianapolis, Ind., Indianapolis
Public Library, 1908-14.
Potter, Margaret A., Sharon, Mass., Simmons, 1914.
Shafer, Clara Louise, Cleveland, Ohio, Western Re-
serve University Library School, 1914; Cleveland Pub-
lic Library, 1910-13.
Smith, Alice Mildred, Stillwater, N. Y., Western
Reserve University Library School, 1914; Buffalo
Public Library, 1907-09; Cleveland Public Library,
January -June, 1913.
Somerville, Evelyn, Aliceville, Ala., Drexel, 1914.
Stealey, Laura, St. Louis, Mo., Simmons, 1913; St.
Louis Public Library, 1912-14.
Stroh, Cornelia Elizabeth, Bryn Athyn, Pa., Bryn
Athyn Academy Library, 1907-14.
WESTERN RESERVE LIBRARY SCHOOL
Western Reserve Library School announces
an open course on the "Public library and
78o
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[October, 1914
community welfare," including lectures on
other subjects, during February, March and
April, 1915. The course will be open to libra-
rians who have had library school training,
or who can submit to the dean and director of
the school a record of several years of accept-
able library experience.
The course in the "Public library and com-
munity welfare" is a part of the regular work
of the school, but special students will be ad-
mitted for it who, out of actual experience;
have felt the need for a study of some of the
human problems of library work, which are
presented by present civic and social condi-
tions, and which are being met by the Cleve-
land Public Library and by many humane or-
ganizations in Cleveland which are united in
the Cleveland Federation of Charity and
Philanthropy. Lectures on "Library adminis-
tration," by Mr. W. H. Brett, librarian of the
Cleveland Public Library, and Miss Linda A.
Eastman, the vice-librarian, and a study of
the branches of the Cleveland Library system
will be a most important part of this open
course. There will also be lectures during this
period by other well-known librarians on some
of the larger aspects of library work which
will be announced later. The series of lectures
by Professor A. S. Root, of Oberlin College,
on "The history of the printed book," will be
given during this period, and also the series
by Miss Gertrude Stiles on "Bookbinding and
book repair."
For specific information regarding this short
course, the conditions of admission, tuition,
etc., write to the director, Alice S. Tyler.
LIBRARY EXTENSION COURSE AT COLUMBIA
Columbia University, Department of Exten-
sion Teaching, offers evening courses begin-
ning September 24 in Library administration,
Bibliography and reference, Cataloging and
classification, and Indexing, filing and cata-
loging as applied in business.
For complete statement of courses write to
the Secretary of the University for the ex-
tension teaching announcement.
^Librarians
BOLLES, Marion P., Pratt 1911, has been
made assistant in the New York Public
Library.
BROOMELL, Ellyn C., New York State Li-
brary School, 1913-14, has been appointed as-
sistant in the Lewis Institute branch of the
Chicago Public Library.
BURNS, S. Helen, Drexel 1914, has been ap-
pointed assistant in the library of Bryn Mawr
College.
CALDWELL, Sarah P., Pratt 1913, has been
made children's librarian in one of the
branches of the New York Public Library.
CHRISTIANSEN, Bolette L., New York State
Library School, 1912-13, has been engaged as
assistant in the library of the University of
Christiania, Norway.
DINGMAN, Annie P., has resigned from the
cataloging department of the Yale Universit>
Library to accept the position as head of the
foreign language department of the Cleveland
Public Library.
EUSTIS, Annita, has been appointed libra-
rian of the Birmingham (Ala.) High School
Library to succeed Miss Sara Bruce.
FURBECK, Mary E., New York State Library
School, 1913-14, who went to the Forbes Li-
brary, Northampton, Mass., as summer assist-
ant, will remain as a regular assistant for the
coming year.
GOODELL, Frederick, librarian in charge of
the Seward Park branch of the New York
Public Library, was married, Aug. 27, to Miss
Martha Lonyo, of the Detroit Public Library.
Mrs. Goodell was a member of the Detroit
Library staff for four years, and Mr. Goodell
came to New York from the same institution
two years ago. Mr. Goodell is a graduate of
the Library School of the New York Public
Library in the class of 1914. In connection
with his work there, he spent some time in the
documents division of the reference depart-
ment, leaving that work to become librarian
of the Hamilton Fish Park branch, a position
he held until his transfer to Seward Park on
Jan. i of this year.
Goss, Harriet, for nearly eight years chief
librarian of the Carnegie Public Library in
East Liverpool, O., has tendered her resig-
nation to take effect Oct. i. Miss Goss will
become first assistant in the library at Lake
Erie College, in Painesville, O., of which
institution she is a graduate.
GREEN, Mr. Samuel S., of Worcester, was
not among those caught in Europe, as stated
in the September JOURNAL. It was his inten-
tion to sail for Liverpool Aug. 15 and to re-
.turn Sept. 8, but as the date of sailing drew
near affairs were so unsettled that he gave up
his tickets.
HANSON, Doris M., of Ysleta, Texas, a
graduate of the Wisconsin Library School
1914, has been appointed librarian of the
West End branch of the Birmingham Public
Library to succeed Miss Louise Roberts, who
October, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
78l
has been granted a leave of absence to attend
the Carnegie Library School at Atlanta.
HEALY, Alice M., has been appointed chief
of the catalog department of the San Fran-
cisco Public Library, to succeed Miss Mary E.
Hyde.
HENLEY, Lillian, formerly with the Legisla-
tive Reference Library, Indianapolis, Ind., joins
the staff of the H. W. Wilson Company, Oct.
i. She will take charge of the Public
Affairs Index and the Public Affairs Infor-
mation Service, which the Wilson Company
has taken over from the Indiana Bureau of
Legislative Information.
MERCER, Martha, for twenty-four years li-
brarian of the Mansfield (O.) Public Library,
has resigned because of ill health. The resig-
nation has been reluctantly accepted by the
library board, and Miss Helen Fox, who has
been first assistant for several years, has been
appointed librarian. When Miss Mercer took
charge of the library it was located in the
Memorial building and contained only a small
collection of books. Eleven years ago, when
its quarters became too cramped for further
use, Miss Mansfield was able to get a Carnegie
grant of $35,000 for a new building. This was
supplemented by an additional grant of $2,000
for equipment. The library now has a collec-
tion of 20,000 volumes and a circulation of
75,000 volumes a year. Through Miss Mer-
cer's efforts branch libraries have been estab-
lished throughout Richland county. Miss Mer-
cer was one of the twelve organizers of the
Ohio Library Association, which now has a
membership of 500, and she was its secretary
for two years.
MOORE, David R., librarian of the public li-
brary in Berkeley, Cat, died on May 27 in that
city, after a brief illness. Mr. Moore became
librarian of the Holmes Library in Berkeley
in 1893, soon after it was founded. In 1895 the
Holmes Library became the Berkeley Public
Library, with Mr. Moore still as librarian.
He is therefore the only librarian the Berkeley
Public Library has ever known, and it became
his very life. If has grown in his hands into
a particularly fine, well-balanced institution.
Mr. Moore was always kindly and considerate,
and while conservative, was quick to respond
to any new call upon the library resources. He
will be greatly missed in the community, and
particularly by the library staff, and his place
will be difficult to fill.
ROBBINS, Mary E., formerly the head of the
Simmons College Library School, will join the
staff of the H. W. Wilson Company, Oct. i.
SCRIPTURE, Bessie B., New York State Li-
brary School, 1912-13, has resigned her posi-
tion as reference assistant at Columbia Uni-
versity Library to become reference librarian
of the Minneapolis Public Library.
SMITH, Louise, formerly of Seattle and
a graduate of the University of Washington,
has been appointed librarian of the Lincoln
High School at Tacoma, Wash.
STEARNS, Lutie, who has been head of the
traveling library department of the Wisconsin
Free Library Commission since its establish-
ment seventeen years ago, has resigned, her
resignation to take effect Oct. i. Miss Stearns
has given up her library position to enter the
lecture field. While giving up the responsi-
bility of a department, she will continue her
connection with the commission as official
lecturer, as for many years past. While chief
of the traveling library department of the
commission, she aided in establishing 150 free
public libraries and over 1,400 traveling libra-
ries, including fourteen county systems.
STRANGE, Joanna Gleed, reference librarian
of the Detroit Public Library, has resigned.
After October Miss Strange will be connected
with the Anti-Capital Punishment Society of
New York, with headquarters at 440 Fourth
avenue, New York City.
THOMPSON, Elizabeth H., New York State
Library School, 1911-12, joined the staff of
the New York State Library as reference as-
sistant on September i. Miss Thompson will
also continue her studies in the State Library
School.
THOMPSON, Nancy I., Pratt 1912, has re-
signed from the librarianship of the Public
Library of Bernardsville to accept the libra-
rianship of the Newark State Normal School.
VAILE, Lucretia, New York State Library
School, 1914, has been appointed assistant ref-
erence librarian of the Denver Public Library.
VER NOOY, Winifred, New York State Li-
brary School, '15, spent the month of July as
loan desk assistant at the University of Chi-
cago Library.
WINSHIP, Vera L., New York State Library
School, 1913-14, has been appointed assistant
in the catalog and reference departments of
the Cincinnati Public Library.
WITT, Mrs. Edgar E., for six years libra-
rian at Baylor University, Waco, Tex., has
resigned. She is succeeded by W. P. Lewis,
former librarian of the Albany (N. Y.) Y. M.
C. A. Mrs. Witt had planned to go abroad
this year, but her European tour has been
postponed for a year on account of the war.
THE LIBRARY WORLD
New England
MAINE
The dates and places of the meetings for
librarians and others interested in the work
of public libraries to be held under the aus-
pices of the Maine Library Commission have
been announced as follows: Biddeford, Mon-
day and Tuesday, Oct. 5 and 6; Auburn,
Wednesday and Thursday, Oct. 7 and 8;
Waterville, Friday and Saturday, Oct. 9 and
10 ; Dover, Monday and Tuesday, Oct. 12 and
13 ; Bangor, Wednesday and Thursday, Oct.
14 and 15. Meetings will be held on the first
day in each place at 9.30 a.m. and at 2 and
7.30 p.m., and on the second day in each place
at 9.30 a.m., giving each of the cities visited
the benefit of four sessions. These meetings
will be under the direction of Miss Belle
Holcombe Johnson of Hartford, Ct., a well
known library worker. The evening meeting
at each place will be especially for students
and teachers.
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Newton. The Public Library has been be-
queathed $2000 by John A. Gale of Brookline,
Mass., who was killed in an automobile acci-
dent in August.
VERMONT
Through the activity of the literature and
library extension committee of the Vermont
Federation of Women's Clubs, the State Li-
brary Commission has received two gifts
amounting to $40.75 with which, at the re-
quest of the givers, the commission has
bought two school libraries, for use particu-
larly in district schools.
MASSACHUSETTS
Ashfield. The Milo M. Belding Memorial
Library, presented to his native town by the
silk manufacturer, was dedicated Aug. 29.
The building is of gray marble with interior
finish of quartered oak, and stands on the
Main street, surrouned by a fine lawn. The
Ashfield Library was started ninety years ago
in a private house, and migrated from house
to house and shop to shop until it was given
a room in the Field Memorial hall in 1889,
where it rested until it was moved to the town
hall in 1908. From this home it has been
moved to its new building.
Chelsea P. L. Medora J. Simpson, Ibn.
(44th annual rpt.— 1913.) Accessions, 1395;
total, 15,313. Circulation 88,077. New regis-
tration, 1635.
Leyden. A feature of the Old Home Day
celebration Sept. 7 was the dedication of the
Robertson Memorial Library. Ground for
the new library, which has previously occu-
pied quarters in the town hall, was given by
A. J. Shattuck, and the building erected by
James Robertson in memory of his parents.
It is a one-story structure, painted gray with
white trimmings, and contains one room 16 x
24 feet.
Waltham P. L. Orlando C. Davis, Ibn.
(Rpt. — yr. ending Jan. 31, 1914.) Accessions
2096; total 40,543. Circulation 117,954. Regis-
tration 8107, about 23 per cent, of population.
Waltham. Plans for the new library have
been approved by the commissioners and the
trustees. The drawings call for a three-story
fireproof building 122 x 114 feet, set in the
middle of the lot and surrounded by lawns
and shrubs. The style is colonial, executed
in brick and stone trimmings.
Worthington. Ground was broken for the
new library building in August. Men came
from all parts of the town with their teams
to take part in the work, and the "ground
breaking" day was made a gala occasion.
The workers brought their lunches, and cof-
fee was served by a committee. There were
short talks by men who have been active in
promoting the work, and plans for the new
library were shown and discussed.
RHODE ISLAND
Newport. The People's Library was moved
in July from its former home on Thames
street to its new quarters in the King home-
stead in Aquidneck park. The homestead
was a gift to the city from George Gordon
King. The original plan of the house lent it-
self excellently to library purposes, and the
general arrangement of the rooms has been
kept. The most difficult part of the alteration
was the arrangement of the large stack room.
This room is 54 feet in length, with an aver-
age width of 24 feet, and forms an uninter-
rupted open space from the first floor, to the
roof, which will accommodate four floors of
library stacks having a capacity of 100,000
volumes. To arrange this large space the old
floors, partitions and walls were completely
removed, a new fireproof concrete floor put in
and supported upon steel beams and columns,
and a new fireproof ceiling hung from steel
girders. The doors from the hallway to the
stack room are also protected by sliding fire-
proof doors.
October, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
783
Providence. Mrs. Josephine Angier Bin-
ney of Providence and Newport, who died
some time ago at Newport, has left the sum
of $10,000 to the Providence Public Library.
Providence. The Public Library has on
view an exhibit apropros of the isoth anni-
versary celebration of the founding of Brown
University in October. Besides an exhibit re-
lating to the nine successive presidents of the
university, there is an interesting showing as
to the six colleges which were already in ex-
istence in the American colonies when Rhode
Island College (now Brown University),
opened its doors in 1764. These are Harvard
(1636), William and Mary (1693), Yale
(1701), Princeton (1746), University of Penn-
sylvania (1/49), and Columbia (1760).
CONNECTICUT
Hartford. The 70,000 volumes in Trinity
College Library were moved into Williams
Hall, the new library and administration build-
ing, in the summer. The books were dusted,
packed in boxes, and carried to the new build-
ing. The work of shifting them consumed
about three weeks. With the addition of
Williams Hall to the main building, composed
of Jarvis Hall, Northam Towers, and Sea-
bury Hall, Trinity College has one of the
longest buildings of any college in the coun-
try, as it has now a frontage of over 700
feet. Over the main entrance of the new li-
brary building a picture of Bishop John Wil-
liams has been cut. Bishop Williams was
the fourth president of the college, serving in
that capacity from 1848 to 1853. He was a
trustee of the college from 1848 until his
death in 1899. The hall has been added to the
north end of the main building. It will con-
tain the administrative offices of the college
on the ground floor. The reading room oc-
cupies the upper part of the entire east wing.
It is about 34 feet wide by 80 feet long,
with a timber roof constructed with
open trusses in heavy oak. The floor space
of the reading room is entirely unobstructed,
the walls being lined with books subject to
the greatest demand, to a height of eight feet
from the floor just above which are the sills
of the large windows. Direct communication
is had with the stack room which extends in
a northerly direction prolonging the line of
the main building; between the stack and
reading room, adjoining the passageway con-
necting the two, is the librarian's office com-
manding the entire situation.
Waterbury. Branson L. Helen Sperry, Ibn.
(44th annual rpt. — 1913.) Accessions 8915;
total 94,806. Circulation 257,121. Receipts
$32,416.10; expenditures $31,584.71, including
$12,387.51 for salaries, $5144.18 for books, $i,-
109.65 for binding, and $430.85 for periodi-
cals.
A table shows that the circulation of the
library increased from 92,154 in 1902 to 228,-
353 in 1912, a gain of 147.1 per cent. During
the same time the cost of maintenance and
operation per thousand of circulation de-
creased $41.53 or 30.4 per cent, dropping from
$136.23 in 1902 to $94.70 in 1912. The cost of
operation and maintenance in 1912 was $21,-
626 as compared with $12,555 in 1902, an in-
crease of $9071, or 72.2 per cent.
Middle Atlantic
NEW YORK
Falconer. The public library formerly
maintained by the Y. M. C. A. has been dis-
continued and its books transferred to the new
Falconer Public Library.
Jamestown. James Prendergast F. L. Lu
cia Tiffany Henderson, Ibn. (23d annual rpt.
— yr. ending May 31, 1914.) Accessions 1038.
Circulation 78,508. Registration 10,808.
New York City. Mr. and Mrs. Cluff Bjorn-
eseth of Bergen, Norway, have sent a Christ-
mas gift to the children of New York. It is
a collection of children's books and tales from
Norway, and it has been put in the children's
room at the main building. Last year, when
Mr. and Mrs. Bjorneseth were in New York,
they visited the library and were much im-
pressed with the children's room, and on their
return to Norway they immediately set about
making this collection of books, tales, music
and pictures which the children of their land
know and love.
Rochester. The new Monroe branch of the
public library was opened Monday, Sept. 21.
Saratoga Springs. At a meeting of the
board of education Sept. 14, the abolition of
the Public Library and the distribution of its
books among the schools, was recommended.
The matter was referred to the library com-
mittee with power.
Troy P. L. Mary L. Davis, Ibn. (79th an-
nual rpt. — 1913.) Accessions 1972; total 48,-
852. Circulation 103,267. New registration
2415; total 10,374. Receipts $19,929.40; expen-
ditures $19,883.78, including $6892.84 for sal-
aries, $819.96 for binding, $1057.16 for books,
and $218.57 for periodicals.
PENNSYLVANIA
Philadelphia F. L. John Thomson, Ibn.
( i8th annual rpt. — 1913.) Total number of vol-
784
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[October, 1914
umes 443,121, in addition to 200,271 pamphlets.
Circulation 2,296,368. Registration 149,735. Re-
ceipts $3i5,359-5i; expenditures $284,703.79.
Numerous efforts have been made to bring
about the comencement of the new main li-
brary building, but without practical result.
The first annual apprentice class, composed of
ten members, completed its course in April
and a second started with fifteen members in
November, a date which will be changed to
Sept. 15 this year. The most satisfactory
result of the year's work with children has
been the increased interest shown by public
school teachers in the resources and methods
of the children's room, while at the 432 regu-
lar story hours 34,974 children were present.
MARYLAND
Frederick. The Frederick County Free Li-
brary, which was opened May 22 with 1400
books, is meeting with appreciation and sup-
port. The $2000 with which the library was
established was raised by the Civic Club be-
tween fall of 1913 and April 1914. A Library
Association has been formed, with county as
well as city members, and after the first year
this will support the library. Since opening
over 700 people have registered, representing
17 places in the county, and the second month's
circulation was 2934. Ten rural schools are
using the library, and it is expected that three
county branches will be opened in October.
It is not known whether the Artz bequest
(noted in the July number of the JOURNAL)
will be applied to this library or not, and in
any case it will not be available during the
lifetime of Miss Artz.
Princess Anne. The Public Library has
been moved into its new building in the old
station of the New York, Philadelphia &
Norfolk railroad. When the railroad built
its new station the old building was given to
the library, and after refitting it is found well
adapted to its new use.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Washington. A training class for persons
who wish to obtain positions in the Public
Library will be organized at the library on
November i. Entrance examinations for
those who wish to join the class will be
held about the middle of October. The course
of training will continue seven months, from
November i to May 31, and all who complete
the course satisfactorily will be placed on the
library's eligible list, from which all vacan-
cies are filled. Applicants for admission to
the class must be in good health and between
the ages of eighteen and thirty-five, and must
have had at least a high school education or
its equivalent.
The South
GEORGIA
Following the passage by the legislature of
a bill providing for the establishment and
maintenance of a legislative reference depart-
ment in the State Library, much preliminary
work is going forward in the library toward
making the new department an actuality at
an early date. Although carrying the small
appropriation of only $1200 annually, the legis-
lative reference bill is one of the most progres-
sive measures passed by the last legislature.
Miss Ella May Thornton, who has been as-
sistant in the State Library since 1909 and has
made a special study of legislative reference
work, will be directly in charge of the legis-
lative reference department under the super-
vision and direction of Mrs. Maud Barker
Cobb, state librarian.
Atlanta. Miss Katharine H. Wootten, of
the Carnegie Library, has joined the citizens
of Fulton county in requesting the board of
county commissioners to make an annual ap-
propriation of $5000 for the maintenance of
the library. The appropriation would make it
possible to extend the library service through-
out the county. The matter has been referred
to the finance committee and will probably
be acted upon definitely at next month's meet-
ing of the board.
KENTUCKY
Hopkinsville. The books of the old public
library have been moved to the new Carne-
gie Library on Liberty street. Miss Virginia
Lipscomb will be librarian.
Stanford. A new free public library is to
be opened at Stanford.
TENNESSEE
In Tennessee the state duplicates any
amount between $10 and $40 raised by any
community for school libraries.
Memphis. The fourth branch of the Cossitt
Library in Memphis is to be opened at an early
date by C. D. Johnston, librarian. The new
branch will be at the corner of McLemore
avenue and Latham street. In addition to
the new branch for the white people a new
branch has been opened for the negroes at
the Howe Institute. Cecelia Yerby, who has
just completed a two years' course of training
in library work at Louisville, Ky., will have
charge of the branch at Howe Institute.
MISSISSIPPI
Jackson. It is expected to have the new
Carnegie Library open about Nov. i, though
the exact date is not yet announced. Mrs. E.
M. Porter will be the librarian.
October, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
785
LOUISIANA
New Orleans. Work on the branch library
for negroes has begun, and it will probably
be completed this fall. The cost will be about
$25,000.
Central West
MICHIGAN
Detroit. Ground probably will be broken
for Detroit's new million-dollar library on
Woodward avenue about Oct. 15, according to
the Detroit Journal, The houses to be torn
down, together with the land which they oc-
cupy, cost the library board $222,431.63.
Port Hudson. The North End branch of
the city public library is nearing completion
and will be ready for occupancy about October
i. The entrance hall to the Fillmore school
building was remodelled for the purpose.
OHIO
Hamilton. Before an assembly of 1200 the
Lane Public Library was re-dedicated Sept. 6,
after having been closed for eighteen months
in order to repair the damages caused by the
flood of 1913. The library now contains about
15,000 books. Mrs. Maude Jackson, one of
the heirs of Clark Lane, who founded the li-
brary in 1867, was present. She and her
brother recently released the title to the real
estate, deeding it to the city.
Toledo. The contract for the proposed ad-
dition to the public library has been let for
$26,985. The extension will extend 80 feet
to the south of the present building and come
close to the sidewalk line.
INDIANA
Evansville. Owing to the failure of the
books to arrive, the date of the opening of the
Carnegie libraries has been postponed until
Nov. 4, according to Miss Eethel McCullough,
Carnegie librarian.
Hobart. Foundations have been laid for the
Hobart branch of *he Gary Public Library,
and it is expected the library can move into
the building by Christmas.
Kirklin. Work will be started this fall on
a new Carnegie library building to be erected
on two lots donated for the purpose by Mrs.
Edith McKinney. The building will cost
$7,500.
ILLINOIS
Anna. The Robert Burns Stinson Memorial
Library was dedicated here in August. The li-
brary is the gift of Captain Stinson, for many
years a resident of this city, and cost $35,-
ooo — the earnings from $50,000, which was ac-
cepted by the city of Anna in 1904 in compli-
ance with the terms of the donor's will. The
library opened with 2500 volumes, classified
and cataloged. Miss Lueva Montgomery has
been appointed librarian.
Chicago. A foreign book department, com-
prising 25,000 volumes of the best literature
in seventeen languages, will be established by
the Chicago Public Library directors. The
department will be located on the fourth floor
of the library building and will be composed
of "open shelves." Attendants conversant
with several languages will be in charge of
the department to assist the patrons in their
selection of books and periodicals. It is
hoped to have the new department ready for
business within two months.
Mt. Vernon. The Mt. Vernon Public Li-
brary circulated 13,731 books during the last
year and 4,931 persons visited the reading
rooms. More than twice as many adult non-
fiction books were issued between May 31,
1913, and June i, 1914, as in the preceding
year.
Polo. The Polo Public Library has been
advertising the library by having posters
printed with a photograph of the building and
plan, giving the hours the rooms were open
and asking people stopping in town between
trains to spend their time at the library.
Much credit is given E. Frances Barber, the
librarian, for the growth and success of the
library.
Shelbyinlle F. P. L. Grace L. Westervelt,
Ibn. (Rpt. — yr. ending May 31, 1914.) Ac-
cesions 542; total 7483. Circulation 26,237.
New registration 339; total 1611. Receipts
$3036.55; expenditures $1655.24-
Sheldon. A public library has been estab-
lished here, through the efforts of the Wom-
an's Club. The library has been made free to
all residents of the township, in the hope that
some time it may become a tax supported
township library. With the help of the Li-
brary Extension Commission, the library has
been classified and the proper records made.
Urbana. The University of Illinois Libra-
ry has been making an addition to the library
building this summer. It is built of Minne-
sota sandstone to match the main building,
and was completed at a cost, including steel
shelving and equipment, of $27,000. This ad-
dition to the rear or stack portion of the
building, is 28 by 52 feet outside measure, and
the five floors of stacks will provide shelv-
ing for 100,000 volumes or four years' growth.
786
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
{October, 1914
By the end of the four years it is hoped the
university will have made at least a begin-
ning on its new library building, the site for
which has already been set aside by the board
of trustees.
Winnetka. The annual report of the board
of directors of the Winnetka Free Public Li-
brary for 1913-1914, shows the total circula-
tion to be 18,382, which is an increase 01
7051 in five years. Since last fall magazines
have been allowed to circulate as non-fiction
with a restriction to seven days. Miss Mary
E. Hewes was elected librarian to succeed
Miss Jessie McKenzie, who resigned her posi-
tion Oct. i, 1913.
The North West
WISCONSIN
Milwaukee. The Henry Llewellyn branch
of the Public Library was dedicated Sept. 5.
Two sons of Henry Llewellyn, for whom the
branch is named, were present. They have
given the ground on which the building, a one-
story structure of concrete and stone costing
$33,ooo, was erected.
MINNESOTA
Eveleth. The Eveleth Public Library, erect-
ed at a cost of $30,000, was formally opened
July i, with brief dedicatory exercises. The
library opened with about 2000 volumes, 50
current magazines, and 17 daily papers. The
library will be open week days from i to 9
p. m., and on Sunday the reading room will be
open from 2 to 6 p. m. Miss Margaret Hick-
man, a graduate of Pratt Institute Library
School in 1913, is the librarian in charge.
Mountain Iron. The contract for the Car-
negie Library has been awarded for $16,900,
and work was started early in September.
New Duluth. A branch library, with separ-
ate entrance from the street, is to be estab-
lished in the new school building which is ex-
pected to be completed by Feb. i.
IOWA
Muscatine. The children's department of
the P. M. Musser Public Library was opened
the first week of September. Mrs. Nellie S.
Sawyer has been placed in charge of this de-
partment.
NORTH DAKOTA
The secretary of the North Dakota Public
Library Commission takes exception to the
statement made on page 646 of the August
JOURNAL, that the Wisconsin Library Com-
mission is "the only one which is the adminis-
trative body in control of a legislative refer-
ence department," and says that the "North
Dakota Commission, which was modeled after
the Wisconsin plan, has had administrative
control of the legislative reference department
since its inception in 1907." The statement
appeared in the JOURNAL in a summary of an
article printed in the Wisconsin Library Bulle-
tin, and happens to have been couched in the
words of the original. In such summaries
in the Library Work department, the aim is
to give the gist of the author's own thought,
without comment or correction by the JOUR-
NAL.
COLORADO
Denver. In The City of Denver for Aug.
22, the department of "Library notes" con-
tains some interesting facts about the work
of the Public Library. Library work, includ-
ing the circulation of books and the holding
of story hours, has been carried on during the
summer in eight playgrounds ; two new de-
posit stations have been opened ; books in
modern Greek, Yiddish, French, German, and
Dutch have been added; and a free public
lecture course is again planned for the com-
ing winter. Denver's branch library build-
ings, which have been open about a year, have
been found serviceable and successful.
The South West
MISSOURI
Belleville. The Carnegie Corporation of
New York has notified the library board of
Belleville that the plans for the Carnegie Li-
brary have been accepted. The building is to
cost $45,000.
TEXAS
The Library and Historical Commission is
distributing an 8-page pamphlet containing
the library laws of Texas, covering besides
the general provisions, the laws regulating city
public libraries, farmers' county public libra-
ries, and the Library and Historical Commis-
sion.
Dallas. The Oak Cliff branch of the Dallas
Public Library, corner Jefferson and Mar-
shall streets, opened in September, with ap-
proximately 4,000 books.
Houston. A library costing between $10,000
and $12,000 will be opened on the fifth floor
of the court-house by the Law Library Asso-
ciation of Houston, organized last February.
The fifth floor of the structure is being re-
modelled and put in readiness.
October, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
787
Palestine. The new $15,000 library will be
dedicated Oct. 14. Dr. S. P. Brooks, presi-
dent of Baylor University, has been invited to
deliver the dedication address.
San Antonio. A branch library for negroes
will be opened shortly at a negro drug store
on East Commerce street, the books to be se-
lected and sent out from the Carnegie Li-
brary. About ten years ago, when the Car-
negie Library first was opened, a sub-station
for negroes was in use. There was, however,
very little interest taken in the books and so
the project was abandoned. It is thought the
station will prove more popular now, as it is
planned upon the earnest solicitation of a
number of negroes.
Pacific Coast
CALIFORNIA
Clovis. The contract for the new Carnegie
Library has been let and work has been
started. The building will cost $12,000.
Los Angeles. The training school in library
work which the Los Angeles Public Library
carries on each year will open October i. The
course includes instruction in cataloging, clas-
sification, reference work, and various branch-
es of library science, and also numerous lec-
tures in literature, current events, and other
subjects of general value in library work.
Mrs. Theodora Brewitt, will have charge of
the school.
Palo Alto. Miss Stella Haughtington, libra-
rian of Santa Clara county, has appeared be-
fore the Palo Alto library board to present a
plan for the consolidation of the Palo Alto
library and a proposed branch of the county
library. The local library would then receive
the books and funds for the county branch,
while the country people would have the full
use of the combined library. Members of the
board failed to see the benefits of such a
scheme and looked askance at the proposition,
so action was delayed for further investiga-
tion of the details of the plan.
Pasadena. Pasadena's advisory library com-
mission has decided against contributing to-
ward a state library exhibit at either of the
California expositions next year, agreeing that
it would be better to centralize efforts on the
local library, in arranging for the expected
tourist patronage. To this end, special stacks
of books bearing on matters Californian will
be provided at the local institution. The vol-
umes will deal with the state's resources, his-
tory, physical features and literature. Fiction
of a California nature, such as the works of
Bret Harte, will be included in this group of
volumes.
Redlands. A. K. Smiley P. L. Artena M.
Chapin, Ibn. (2Oth annual rpt. — yr. ending
June 30, 1914.) Accessions 2264; total number
of volumes 25,825, pamphlets 5307. Circula-
tion 105,308. Registration 6972, a gain of 764.
Receipts $17,281.27; expenditures $17,288.76,
including books, $2697.95, periodicals $575,
binding $228, and salaries $5276.57.
There were 3452 books repaired at library,
22 books rebound at binder's and 98 magazines
bound. The most important work with schools
was a series of talks on vocations given before
the high school students by experienced work-
ers.
San Francisco. Miss Laura McKinstry has
been elected a member of the board of trus-
tees of the San Francisco Public Library, the
first woman in the history of the library to
hold the office.
San Francisco. An examination of appli-
cants for positions in the library service has
been held recently. One hundred and twenty
made application, of which number forty-five
qualified. Twenty-three passed the written
tests and are now doing probationary work.
The examination consists of two written tests,
one in literature and one in history and cur-
rent events, followed by one month's proba-
tionary work to determine personal qualifica-
tions and aptitude for library work. The
board of library trustees was the first body
of the municipality to establish a system of
civil service, holding the first examination in
1896 and since then, with few exceptions, mak-
ing appointments from the eligible lists thus
established. The tests are wholly under the
supervision of the trustees and are in no way
connected with the other branches of muni-
cipal civil service. While the city charter
provides that municipal employes must have
been residents of the city for one year prior
to appointment in any branch of the municipal
service, whenever necessary experts who have
not lived in the city for that length of time
may be employed.
Santa Barbara. Andrew Carnegie is going
to give Santa Barbara a $50,000 library. It
is agreed that the Chamber of Commerce will
raise $30,000 for a site, the county and city
officials securing any balance that may be
needed. The plans include developing a civic
center, which will include library, art gallery,
recreation center, postoffice and city and coun-
ty buildings.
788
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
{October, 1914
Canada
ALBERTA
Edmonton. The first annual report of the
Edmonton Public Library and Strathcona
Public Library, for the year 1913, has been is-
sued. Although the first move for a public li-
brary was made in Edmonton in 1908, it was
not till 1910 that a site was purchased. Since
that time negotiations have been carried on
with the Carnegie Corporation for aid in erect-
ing a building. With the rapid growth of the
city the city authorities now feel that at least
$200,000 is needed for a suitable building.
Of this sum the Carnegie Corporation agrees
to contribute $75,000 on condition that the
plans be submitted to it for approval and
that the grant be used for the final payment
completing the building entirely free from
debt. The library at present is located in
temporary quarters in a business block.
Meanwhile in Strathcona in February, 1913,
was completed a $30,000 building, and since
the two cities were amalgamated in 1912, the
Strathcona Library, originally an independent
institution, is now to be considered a branch
of the one at Edmonton. During the first
twelve months Strathcona accessioned 10,819
volumes, registered 3445 borrowers, and cir-
culated 72,829 books for home use. The fig-
ures for the Edmonton Library for the same
time are: accessions 12,250, registered bor-
rowers 6867, and circulation 120,655. Both
buildings are open on week days from 9.30
a.m. to 9.30 p.m. and on Sundays the reading
rooms for adults are open from 2.30 to 5.30
p.m. The men's reading room in the Strath-
cona building is kept open till 10 p.m., and
has an average daily attendance of 65, as com-
pared with 40 in the general reading room and
125 in the general reading room at Edmon-
ton. The Strathcona auditorium is greatly
appreciated and is used regularly by a number
of associations for their meetings, by Rob-
ertson College for its closing exercises, and
for the children's weekly story hour.
Foreign
GREAT BRITAIN
The retirement of Mr. Edmund Gosse from
the post of librarian to the House of Lords is
announced. Mr. Gosse in his younger days
was an assistant librarian at the British
Museum, and subsequently at the Board of
Trade.
GERMANY
Berlin. The Royal Library was reopened
Aug. 10, though only from 9 to 3, and its use
is confined to the reading-room. No books are
charged for home use. About 60 members of
the staff had been called to service in the army
before the end of August. The books most
called for have been placed in the large space
under the reading-room to make work easier
for the smaller staff. There are from 400 to
500 visitors daily. The New-Yorker Staats-
Zeitung of Sept. 27 records that the new regu-
lations prepared for readers ends with the
statement that "no Russians, Frenchmen, Eng-
lishmen or Servians will be admitted."
Cologne. The great department store of L.
Tietz in Cologne, has established a circulating
library in its new building. This is a new de-
parture for such establishments in Germany.
The handsome catalog of 400 pages shows
titles of works which, while fiction is naturally
in the majority, are all of a high standing.
The best of modern German and foreign lit-
erature is represented and no fear of censor-
ship has kept out even the most radical of
writers. Among non-fiction books, works on
economics, popular science, and philosophy are
well represented.
Gdttingen. The library of the Royal Uni-
versity has expended 19,167 marks, its yearly
interest for 1913 from the J. Pierpont Morgan
endowment, on some valuable editions of Eng-
lish and American books on art, history and
literature, as well as several valuable catalogs,
and a number of new subscriptions to Amer-
ican and English periodicals of a scientific
character.
AUSTRIA
Cracow. It is reported that part of the fa-
mous Polish library, the Biblioteka Jagiellon-
ska of the city university, has been removed
to safer quarters by the inhabitants of the city
fleeing before the Russian invasion. Since
Polish publishers began to furnish the library
with copies of every book they printed, it has
been the hope of the administration that the
library may become a national library for
Poland.
SPAIN
Madrid. M. Rodriguez Marin, chief libra-
rian of the Biblioteca Nacional in Madrid,
recently published an open letter in all the
daily papers of that city, giving the hours of
opening of all the public libraries, and calling
the attention of the people to their opportu-
nities. Madrid is said to have no fewer than
twenty-three libraries of various sorts, all of
which are open to the public, although some
of them but for a few hours a day, and none
at all for the evening hours. The libraries all
together possess about 1,400,000 volumes, and
are consulted by about 1500 readers each day.
LIBRARY WORK
Notes of developments in all branches of library activity, particularly as shown in
current library literature.
General
Education, Training, Library Schools
JBRARY INSTRUCTION IN NORMAL SCHOOLS
The Milwaukee Normal School offers four
ourses — for primary, grammar grade, and
igh school teachers, and for principals of
tate graded schools. In the second year of
ach course a twelve-week library course is
;iven, classes meeting three times a week,
'or this work one-half a credit is given,
bourses in literature are also included in the
econd-year work, and they include juvenile
iterature and story telling for the primary
;achers, juvenile literature and guidance of
upils' reading for the grammar grade teach-
rs and principals of state graded schools,
nd guidance of pupils' reading for high
chool teachers. For each literature course
ne point credit is given, 26^2 points for the
wo years being required for graduation.
^IBRARY INSTITUTES
Progress in library institutes. N. Y. Libs.,
Vly., 1914. p. 68-69.
Editorial. In 1902, when the institutes for
mall libraries in New York state were started,
here were but 109 libraries and 299 library
workers participating in the meetings, and the
;reat majority of these represented the less
eedy districts. Last year there was an at-
sndance of 963 library workers, representing
23 different libraries or districts. Including
ublic meetings held in connection with the
istitutes, there was a total of 1618 persons
articipating last year in this enterprise.
Vhile in twelve years the number of free
ibraries in the state has increased 60 per
ent. and the circulation from free libraries
10 per cent., participation in these library
nstitutes has increased 400 per cent. With
he expressed approval of the State Associa-
ion, the committee in charge has worked out
nd adopted a new and comprehensive plan,
thereby provision is made for a progressive
ourse of work and study to cover 3 or 4
ears, the work for each year to be concen-
rated on a particular subject, thus assuring
o those who will regularly attend, something
lew, specific and progressive each year, and
it the end of the course, at least an element-
iry knowledge of the whole field of library
conomy as related to the small library. The
subject for 1914 is "Stocking the library," and
the syllabus is printed in full on pages 82-88
of this same issu,e of New York Libraries.
TOPICS FOR LIBRARY MEETINGS
The following suggestive list of topics was
used for the district meetings of librarians in
Maine, which last summer took the place of
the usual summer school:
The Sunday opening — is it advisable for the
smaller public library?
Rural extension — A privilege, a duty, and a
benefit to the public library.
Books for the smaller library — What, where
and what to buy. Juveniles, sets, inexpensive
editions. The library income and the library
budget.
The library a social center — Rest rooms and
auditoriums.
Government documents — which are useful,
and how shall they be used in the small li-
brary ?
The librarian — What more should he or she
be than a dispenser of books ?
Creating a reading public, and directing aim-
less or purposeless readers.
Public and high school libraries in a small
town — Are both needed, and to what extent
shall the public supply the school demand?
Library trustees — Their responsibility for
the success of the library; their relation to the
library and librarian.
What can be done to attract children and
young people to the library and keep them
from the streets, the cheap theaters and ques-
tionable places of amusement?
Five readable books of the past year — non-
fiction. Five wholesome recent novels. Re-
cent children's literature.
Scope, Usefulness, Founding
ARGUMENTS FOR LIBRARIES
Why have libraries. Wis. Lib. Bull., Je.,
1914. p. 136-139.
Ten reasons, each elaborated, are given.
1. Because public libraries are an essential
part of a complete education.
2. Because libraries are schools for adults.
3. Because libraries are the only schools
which reach the many who are workers and
must earn a living while they learn.
4. It will help and supplement the voca-
tional school work.
790
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[October, 1914
5. The library furnishes rest, relief, and
recreation for tired workers.
6. It helps make intelligent citizens.
7. The library builds up good morals.
8. The library is more democratic than any
other institution in the city.
9. By its co-operative principle, the library
makes one dollar do the work of many.
10. Quotes what Franklin, McKinley,
Roosevelt and Bryan have said commending
libraries.
Library as an Educator
EQUAL RIGHTS FOR READERS
Equality of rights in the library. N. Y.
Libs., My., 1914. p. 67-68.
Editorial. Defends the right of the man or
woman of crude taste and culture to a share
of the librarian's consideration when books
are being chosen. "The superior book is not
to be rejected because it has no interest for
the ordinary reader. The ordinary book is
not to be rejected because it has no interest
for the superior reader. The American pub-
lic library, as distinguished from the great
libraries of Europe, has its special distinction
and pride in the fact that it appeals and min-
isters to plain, ordinary, average men and
women."
How equality is often denied. N. Y. Libs.,
My., 1914. p. 68.
Editorial. "Where current fiction makes
up as much as 80 or 90 per cent, of the circu-
lation, the figures are no proof that the main
book wants of the community are for that
class of books. Rather they show that the
library has favored one class of readers at the
expense of the others. It has been demon-
strated that in almost every variety of Ameri-
can community, when non-fiction is well se-
lected, adequately supplied and properly dis-
played, it is wanted and read by a larger
proportion of the people than fiction."
Library in Relation to Schools
SCHOOLS, WORK WITH
The Guernsey Memorial Library of Nor-
wich, N. Y., has issued a four-page leaflet
entitled "The library page in the catalog of
the Norwich public schools," which contains
a summary of the year's work with children.
An interesting feature has been the children's
work exhibits held in the children's room,
the exhibits being provided by different classes
in the public schools. Every holiday brought
appropriate posters made by the children for
the bulletin boards, and at Christmas time a
tree occupied the center of the room. Every
ornament, toy, and decoration upon the tree
had been made by the children. The inspi-
ration for the tree had been largely gleaned
from books on "making things" drawn from
the shelves of the children's room. This served
as the first exhibition of manual work done
in schools. After the new year began there
were frequent changes of the exhibits. Maj
Day was fittingly observed with a May pole,
designed and decorated by the pupils in a
sixth grade room. Later they also sent Guern-
sey Memorial Library a mammoth bouquet
of violets, that there might be real flowers
as well as the painted dandelions which the
pupils of another room had done. Four story
hours were held as an experiment and proved
a decided success. In December certain Eng-
lish classes from the high school visited the
library and received instruction in its use.
Following this visit an essay contest was
started on the subject, "How to use the
library," and a first prize of $5.00 in gold
and a second prize of $2.50 in gold was offered
the seniors for the two best original essays,
the prizes being awarded at commencement.
HIGH SCHOOL BRANCHES
For some years past the Free Public Li-
brary of Jersey City has made a special fea-
ture of its work with the high schools.
Jersey City now has two high schools. The
Dickinson High School, which was erected in
1906, is one of the largest and best equipped
high schools in the country. The Public
Library established a branch here as soon as
the new building was completed. This branch
is operated and maintained solely by the li-
brary, all expenses, including the salary of
the librarian, being paid from the funds of
the Public Library. The librarian was one
of the staff of the Public Library, having had
several years' training in the catalog and loan
departments before being promoted to her
present position. She is exceptionally well
qualified for the work and has filled the posi-
tion admirably. The collection now numbers
2346 volumes. Last year (1913) the circula-
tion for home reading was 13,465 volumes.
The use of books in the rooms was 53,415 and
the attendance 51, 333. The High School
branch is used very extensively by the faculty
as well as by the students. A branch library
has also been established in the new Lincoln
High School, where it is planned to give the
same facilities as in the Dickinson High
School. The use of this branch has so far
been very satisfactory, and there is every indi-
cation that when the new building is completed
the work will equal that of the Dickinson
branch.
October, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
791
Library Extension Work
LIBRARY CLUBS
In each division of the Library League, or
evening reading club maintained by the chil-
dren's department of the Free Public Library
of Philadelphia, the year's work has developed
new interest and new methods of holding these
growing girls and boys during the transition
period from school to mills or shops, attract-
ing them to the library by something more
than the casual open door, and demonstrating
the possibility of self-development by encour-
aging them to use books as tools. At the
Richmond branch there are five divisions of
the Library League, two of which are for
young men and boys, three for young women
and older girls. These organizations continue
to do excellent work and have come to be
recognized as useful and efficient factors in
the neighborhood life. At the close of the
club year the Library League Lyceum, which
is composed of young men, published the in-
itial issue of a club paper, caller the Library
League Review, in which they reviewed the
work of the year in the various branches of
the league. This rather ambitious enterprise
was financed by the members, and proved a
success, both financially and as a means of
making the league known to the community.
Another venture which this group success-
fully accomplished was an illustrated lecture
given by Dr. Francis B. Brandt, of the School
of Pedagogy, upon "Visits to the haunts and
homes of the European philosophers." The
young men secured the lecturer, attended to
the advertising and succeeded in gathering an
audience of about two hundred, the greater
part of which was composed of young men
and older boys.
Library Extension Work — Exhibits
ADVERTISING EXHIBIT
An advertising exhibit is being planned for
the Carnegie Library at Atlanta, Ga. Miss
Katharine Wootten, the librarian, announces
that it is intended to be one of a series in-
teresting to several trades and professions,
and its purpose is to interest particularly com-
mercial printers, sign makers, etc. Arrange-
ments for the exhibit have been perfected by
Miss Wootten with Signs of the Times, a
specialized periodical devoted to commercial
publicity. The periodical has undertaken the
work of securing the exhibit for the library,
and of changing it at frequent intervals, and
also has given wide publicity to the idea, com-
mending it to its readers everywhere and urg-
ing advertising clubs, classes in advertising,
sign men's associations and other libraries to
adapt it to their own purposes.
BIRD EXHIBIT
An annual bird exhibit, held in the chil-
dren's room of the Fort Wayne (Ind.) Pub-
lic Library since 1911, has had far-reaching
results with the children. The first year, be-
sides a display of bird books, pictures, charts,
and calendars, some twelve or fifteen bird
houses made by the boys were shown. These
attracted so much attention that each year
since there have also been shown houses made
by firms who make a study of bird-house
construction. The firms have been glad to
co-operate, and from twelve to twenty-five of
these are sent in by out-of-town firms. Dif-
ferent men in the city have also lent very
attractive specimens from their own yards,
and one year the board of park commissioners
sent the houses they had had made for the
city parks. In the library building is kept a
large private collection of stuffed birds, nests,
eggs, etc., and these the library is allowed to
borrow freely. One year a set of Gene Strat-
ton-Porter's bird photographs were shown :
another year there were bird compositions
from the schools; and two different years
there have been bird-talks that were both in-
structive and well attended. This year teach-
ers were invited to bring their classes to the
library during school hours, and these visits
were so successful that they will be repeated
each year.
Another successful series were the exhibits
of model aeroplanes made by a number of
boys. The boys also furnished pictures, mag-
azines,, pamphlets, working drawings, propel-
lers, etc., so that the younger boys and those
less expert in construction might have the ad-
vantage of seeing this material. One evening-
talks were given by two high school boys,
who illustrated the principles of construction
with their own models. The exhibit "caught
the boys as nothing else has done," and one
of the most gratifying results was the con-
tinued kindly feeling and interest of these
older boys, wh'o had been transferred to the
adult department, in the children's department.
INDUSTRIAL CATALOGS EXHIBIT
A collection of catalogs, showing the indus-
tries of Denver, Colo., havjs been displayed in
the reference room of the main library build-
ing. As the main library building is on the
route from the mint to the capitol building, it-
is visited by thousands of tourists every month.
Many business men from other sections of the
country have examined the catalogs displayed
and many notes have been taken.
792
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[October, 1914
LOCAL HISTORY EXHIBIT
A local history exhibition was arranged by
Miss Caroline B. Garland, librarian at Dover,
N. H., for Old Home week. Pictures of an-
cient buildings, engravings and photos of old-
time notabilities, long-standing albums, diaries
and scrap-books, local stories, annals, tales,
all of which must be examined by the future
historian, were on view.
Library Development and Co-operation
CO-OPERATIVE INFORMATION BUREAUS
Boston Co-operative Information Bureau.
G. W. Lee. Spec. Libs., Je., 1914. p. 92-94.
This bureau has besides the usual offices, a
chief of service and two reference workers,
one who works in the local libraries and one
who works chiefly with the telephone. It
keeps a card index of resources in the com-
munity for getting at facts, and a list of all
questions and answers supplied. Membership
includes five classes, from those who merely
co-operate, without money payment, to those
who pay $100. So far most of the questions
have been on commercial and engineering
topics, and few have been made by mail. The
bureau issues a bulletin, with several regular
departments, which are described in detail in
the article.
Sponsors for knowledge. G. W. Lee. Stone
& Webster Pub. Serv. Journal, Jl., 1914. p.
47-53-
When a man has made an exhaustive study
of any question so that he has the latest word
on ventilation or public service commissions
or whatever line he may have been pursuing,
he becomes a "sponsor for knowledge" on that
subject.
"Should we organize an information system
with these two individuals responsible for
just two topics (out of a possible million),
we should have the nucleus of what people
are unwittingly after.
"Publicity concerning a few sponsors for in-
teresting and important topics would bring to
light many a candidate and many a specialty;
and when the public realized there was an
organized 'where-to-look' on questions hith-
erto vaguely disposed of, it would turn to the
same organization for much else. The up-
building would be largely that of supply an-
swering demand. Many a local undertaking
would become the cog of a national wheel ; we
should have union lists of periodicals hence-
forth compiled on a national scale ; overlapping
indexes and bibliographical work henceforth
compiled on a national scale ; overlapping in-
dexes and bibliographical work henceforth ar-
ranged for so as to avoid duplication; book
reviewing and evaluating done by experts in
every department ; rare books located in a
central index for the country over ; we should
have a listing at headquarters, with quite likely
a correspondence auction (such as is already
conducted monthly on a small scale in Bos-
ton), of over-supplies and locally-not-needed
literature, thus affording an efficient clearance
system of what people have to dispose of and
what they wish to obtain; and incidentally
there would be a standardizing of forms and
sizes in stationery and print."
Founding, Developing and Maintaining
Interest
STIMULATING INTEREST
Creating a reading public and directing aim-
less or purposeless readers. Fannie V. East-
man. Iowa Lib. Quar., Ap.-Je,, 1914. p.
81-83.
Do we always in building a library give
sufficient thought to making it a matter of
common interest? When nearly every organi-
zation in a town has a share in some way in
contributing to the library an interest must
exist in the work that is done. It remains
for us to hold that interest and convert it
into an increasing interest in the use of the
contents of the building.
Do our shelves contain the books best fitted
to the needs of our immediate community?
In the desire to keep the library up to its
highest standard of literary excellence, do we
not sometimes slight the desires of the many?
If we would create an interest in the books
we have, we must know our community and
its needs. Time is well spent in preparation
of library notes for local papers, and in lists
of books on special subjects. Special days in
the library are a help when some topic of
interest is made a feature, and new comers
should be made to feel that the library is
meant for them.
The library patron enjoys feeling that he
has a part in the selection of books. Lists
of books called for but not in the library are
often helpful in making out order lists, and
help to give the reader a feeling that his
opifiion is of value to the librarian,
LIBRARY EXHIBIT AT AN EXPOSITION
The Library Association of Portland, Ore.,
will maintain a booth at the Manufacturers'
and Land Products Show, to be held at Port-
land from October 26 to November 14, for the
purpose of dispensing information regarding
mechanical and industrial work and conditions
of Oregon. Small special library lists have
been printed, giving the names and numbers of
books calculated not only to aid the mechan-
ic, but the employer. Charts will be shown in
October, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
793
this booth and an effort will be made to call
the attention of visitors to the specialized work
of the public library in this new technical de-
partment recently organized.
PUBLICITY BY POSTERS
The Buffalo Public Librpry sends out the
following poster to offices," stores and facto-
ries, with a request that it be posted on the
bulletin board :
Do you know all you want to?
Why not know a little more this year?
The City of Buffalo has given the free use
of books to all its residents.
What does that mean to you?
If you are able to read, it certainly means
an opportunity of adding to your education
year by year through the right use of books.
It means the free use of many delightful
books of entertainment and of inspiration.
Systematic study is worth while even for a
few hours each day or each week. The right
books may be had from the Public Library.
It is possible to add much to your force and
to your value in your work or business by
making use of the practical books which are
provided.
A book has been written by some expert in
your work, giving the result of years of ex-
perience. Why not have that information?
You may select your books from open
shelves, or you may call upon the Library peo-
ple for help in finding the book you need. The
Public Library is yours, and its service is
freely offered to you.
A valuable book may be read in the same
length of time that is spent on a poor maga-
zine.
319,000 volumes. 125,000 Buffalo people to
use them. Do you?
Free Library cards will be issued upon ap-
plication at the main building or any of the
Branch Libraries.
THE BUFFALO PUBLIC LIBRARY.
MOTHERS, WORK wr'H
In Grand Rapids the children's librarian
makes special effort to interest mothers in
their children's reading, and for this purpose
she attends all sorts of mothers' meetings and
women's clubs. The mothers, coming from
widely different circles of society, are always
attentive listeners, and many frequently re-
main for a little private talk, inquiring as
to whether fairy tales are considered good
for their children, or what is thought about
detective stories for their boys. Foreign-born
mothers are very anxious to have their chil-
dren learn the English language, and they ask
intelligent questions as to books on history
and civics for their boys and girls. Birthdays
and holidays are strong factors by means of
which the library can be made interesting to
mothers. Considerable help has been given
in the selection of books during the Christ-
mas season. Book exhibits have been held
at the schools. There is an annual conference
on children's reading held on the first Satur-
day in May, which brings together another
group of people. The mothers are repre-
sented on this program, and they take a part
in the discussion. Three-fourths of the moth-
ers, regardless of nationality, social position
or education, have no definite idea as to the
kind of books their children ought to read.
"BETTER BABIES" BOOKLETS
The Jacksonville (Fla.) Public Library has
begun issuing to every new mother, within a
week of the birth of her child, a bulletin
called "Better babies and their care." Through
the co-operation of one of the large medical
and surgical houses the circulars are enclosed
in all their sales of baby supplies, and they
are also available at the circulation desk in
the library. As the work was only started in
August it is still too soon to give circulation
figures, but already the books listed are being
freely used. Several letters have been received
on "good work in Jacksonville" from national
workers in education and social work, and
the State Health Department has asked for a
thousand copies for state circulation.
Library and the State School
SCHOOL LIBRARY LEGISLATION
Significance of new law for school libraries.
N. Y. Libs., My., 1914. p. 66-67.
Editorial. The new law enacted by the last
legislature in New York makes an important
advance in at least five respects.
1. It makes every school library a free cir-
culating library for all the people of those
districts where there is not already a free
public library in operation.
2. A definite legal status and recognition
are given to the position of school librarian.
3. Provision is specifically made for the
joint employment of the same librarian by the
school library and the local public library.
4. Great stimulus is given toward the sup-
port of the rural school librarian by enlisting
the interest of the general public.
5. Where the use of the school library by
the general public and public demand devel-
op to a degree which makes it embarrassing
for the school authorities, legal provision is
made for the creation by the school trustees,
of a separate public library, and the transfer-
794
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
{October, 1914
ence to this new library of such of the school
library books as are not needed for school
use.
Library Support. Funds
RAISING FUNDS
In Swanton, Vt., a campaign for a new li-
brary building was carried on during the sum-
mer. The results of each day's work was
shown on a blackboard arranged in the fol-
lowing form :
WHAT CAN WE RAISE FOR THE LIBRARY ?
THAT DEPENDS — ON YOU !
We want Ten $100
We want Ten $ 60
.
We want Ten $ 40
We want Ten $ 30
We want Ten $ 25
We want Ten $ 15
We want Ten $ 10
We want Ten $ 10
We want Ten $ 5
We want Ten $ 3
We want Ten $ 2
Government and Service
Governing Board
RESPONSIBILITY OF TRUSTEES
Library trustees — their responsibility for
the success of the library. William Irwin.
Iowa Lib. Quar., Ap.-Je., 1914. p. 89-91.
Too many trustees fill out the full term of
their six years' service on the theory of "all
honor and no work." There is a way to
conduct a library by which it will live at a
poor dying rate. It is the stingy way — the
way that reduces expenses to the minimum.
Then there is the way that is aggressive and
ambitious; the way that keeps the property
in first-class condition — really a library that
is worth while.
The library is a public institution and
should be maintained for the good of all the
people. The business of the trustees is large-
ly a matter of maintenance. If you feel cer-
tain that your entire five mills can be invested
to the decided advantage of your town and
community, then ask for the limit, and count
the dividends in better men and women who
have gotten some of their best qualities
through the libraries.
Executive. Librarian
QUALIFICATIONS FOR A MUNICIPAL LIBRARIAN
Municipal librarianship : a rational view.
William Pollitt. Lib. Asst., Je.-Jl., 1914. p.
112-116; p. 142-146.
The question of most interest to municipal
librarians and assistants is that of their pres-
ent position and probable future. Until quite
recently the assistant was prepared to accept
the current opinion that prospects of advance-
ment were slight and that his great hope was
that at some future time attention to duty
would raise him to the position of chief li-
brarian.
With the development of the library as a
department of municipal service, increased ef-
ficiency was demanded of the assistants,
without a corresponding increase in opportu-
nities for advancement. The municipal libra-
rian at first was only the guardian, then the
showman of the books in his case. He is now
passing into the third stage, that of guide and
interpreter for the books. During the last few
years there has been improvement in a number
of library centers, which it is hoped will be-
come much more general. With one or two
notable exceptions the highest-paid staffs are
those governed by the most advanced chiefs,
but it is unreasonable to hold chiefs altogether
responsible where less desirable conditions
prevail, for the librarian has a duty to his
committee as well as to his staff. The com-
mittee represents the people who furnish the
money, and the librarian must please them or
find his position untenable.
Since the assistants of to-day will become
the librarians of the future, they must keep
ahead of their opportunities. The unqualified
members of the profession have been a de-
creasing body for some time. Increased per-
sonal efficiency will be followed by increased
general efficiency, and its effect will be seen
in the whole library service.
Administration
Accession
SIMPLE RECORD SYSTEM
In a leaflet, entitled "Care of free text-
books," by H. O. Severance, issued by the
University of Missouri as one of its regular
bulletins, two methods of keeping track of
text-books lent to school pupils are described.
The first, or card method, is considered most
satisfactory. Three forms are illustrated, 3x5
cards being used. The first is a record of
stock, one for each kind of book, showing the
number of copies and the date of receipt. The
second form is a loan card, one for each book,
which should be numbered consecutively. When
the pupil receives the book he should sign the
card and enter the date, and when the book
is returned the second date should be entered.
One card will serve several readers. A third
October, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
795
form, a pupil record card, may be used at the
option of the teacher. On this would be en-
tered the titles of all books issued to a certain
student.
If the book method is preferred, the pages
of the record book should be ruled in columns,
giving space to enter author, title, copy num-
ber, date received, and name of bookseller. In
another part of the book, pages should be ruled
for a record of books issued to pupils. The
pupil's name should be at the top of the page,
and underneath columns should be provided
for author, title, copy number, date lent, date
returned, and remarks.
Classification
SIMPLIFIED CLASSIFICATION
Easy method of classification for libraries
having from 500 to 1500 volumes. Bull Vl.
F. P. L. Cotnm., Je., 1914. p. 2-5.
Separate the books into four divisions :
adult fiction, adult non-fiction, children's fic-
tion, and children's non-fiction. Arrange adult
fiction alphabetically by authors, and divide
non-fiction into the ten classes of the Dewey
system, marking the first figures of each class
on the back of each book and inside the
cover. Arrange children's books in the same
way, but mark every one with a / in addition
to the class number, and shelve them sepa-
rately. Make a simple author and title index
the books.
CLASSIFICATION OF SWEDENBORGIANA
Cataloging and classifying Swedenborgiana :
the system used by the Academy Library
Bryn Athyn, Pa. Emil F. Stroh. Jour, of
Educ. of The Academy of the New Church,
Ja., 1914. p. 141-163.
Classification. The Academy Library, hav-
ing what is probably the largest collection of
Swedenborgiana in existence, has evolved a
special classification for the collection. It is
first divided into two main classes: (i) the
writings of Swedenborg, and (2) New Church
collateral literature. The main class sign is
S, for (i) is Sw, and for (2) is S followed
by a figure. Works under Sw are divided
chronologically, and then subdivided by lan-
guage and editions, except the original edi-
tions published by Swedenborg, which have
no further subdivision marks.
The collateral pamphlet literature is bound
into volumes, grouping by size rather than
subject. Classification is as follows: Si is
Bibliography; S2, General collateral litera-
ture; S3, Concordances and dictionaries; S4,
Annuals ; S5, Periodicals ; S6, Societies ; 87,
Education; S8, Individual biography; S8o,
Collective biography; S8S, Biography of Swe-
denborg; S9, The Swedenborg library; Sio,
Miscellaneous books of interest to New Church
students; Sii-Si7, reserved for future use;
Si8, Fiction; Si9, reserved; 820, Liturgies.
Cataloging. The cataloging of any of Swe-
denborg's works printed before 1906 is sim-
ply done by using two copies of Hyde's
"Bibliography" in sheets, cutting out the
necessary entries, and mounting them on
standard cards. For editions published after
1906 the L. C. cards are used when avail-
able. An alternative method would be to use
a bound volume of the "Bibliography," check-
ing in the margin the library's editions.
In cataloging the collateral works, author,
title, and subject cards are made. Also every
work is entered under the general heading
"New Church collateral literature," in alpha-
betical order, and a second series under the
same head is classified by languages.
Appendices to the article give alphabetical
and chronological classifications of Sweden-
borg's works, special Cutter numbers used, and
a short list of useful technical works.
Loan Department
SIMPLIFIED CHARGING SYSTEM
Easy charging system. Bull. Vi. F. P. L.
Comm., Je., 1914. p. 5-6.
In a blank book have a separate page for
each day's record. At the top put the date
the books taken out are due, and underneath
write the name of each borrower with the
accession number of the book taken. At the
end of each day the record for each class of
books can be easily made, making easy a com-
plete report at the end of the year.
Libraries on Special Subjects
Special Libraries
SPECIAL LIBRARIES
The special library and public efficiency.
Edward A. Fitzpatrick. Spec. Libs., Je., 1914.
p. 89-92.
After a preliminary description of the spe-
cial library, the subject is treated under three
headings, (i) the efficiency movement as it
affects the special library, (2) the special li-
brary as a factor in an efficiency organization,
and (3) efficiency organization for modern
society.
(1) The special library is simply the organ-
ized expression of the principle of competent
counsel, and it is efficient if its records are re-
liable, immediate, and accurate — whether they
be books, clippings, letters, or models.
(2) If the special library is to be construc-
tive as well as receptive it must be supple-
796
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[October, 1914
mented by a research division, with a staff of
men scientifically trained, able to profit by con-
tact with actual conditions, with methods of
administration, and with the personnel of the
organization. The best example of such an
organization to-day is found in the New York
City department of education, which has es-
tablished a division of reference and research.
If there are no records or experience for such
a division to work with, then an experimental
division will have to be the foundation of the
organization; otherwise it is the crowning
point.
(3) Granting that any efficiency organ must
combine special library, research division, and
experiment station, together with directing in-
telligence and a trained personnel, and con-
sidering the government of state or nation as
the largest single organization in which each
one has an interest, should it not have a plan-
ning or efficiency division? The greatest op-
portunity in the country at the present mo-
ment is in the College of the City of New
York becoming an efficiency organization for
New York City. When the modern university
realizes its opportunity to build up adminis-
tration through a trained public service, it
will inevitably become the planning depart-
ment of modern society.
FOUNDING MUNICIPAL REFERENCE BUREAUS
How to organize a municipal reference bu-
reau. John A. Lapp. American City, S., 1914.
p. 206-210.
In this article Mr. Lapp gives practical ad-
vice on the organization of a municipal ref-
erence bureau, discussing among other things
the materials for such a bureau, the source
of material (of particular value to all libra-
rians), the control of a municipal reference
bureau, the classification of material, etc.
Librarians will be particularly interested in
the following paragraphs on the control of a
municipal reference bureau, and doubtless
many will take exceptions to his statements
and conclusions :
"Municipal reference bureaus have usually
been considered as libraries and the directing
officials have been called librarians. Several
of the important bureaus are organized in
connection with the public library and are con-
trolled by the public library. Others are or-
ganized as independent bureaus. It is a much
discussed question whether the work which a
bureau is expected to do can best be done
through an independent bureau or through
the library. Those who contend for the con-
nection with the public library claim that the
work is essentially that of the public library
specialized to meet a particular need; that
the public library must be relied upon for a
large part of the materials used in such a
a bureau, and many contend that such bureaus
should be manned by librarians.
"Those who argue for the separate bureau
contend that while it is a library in that it
collects and preserves materials, its aims, pur-
poses, methods and results are so foreign to
the work of the library as to make its connec-
tion with the library misleading. It is
claimed that the work is essentially research
work and that the direction of such work
should be in the hands not of librarians, but
of municipal experts.
"The writer inclines strongly to the latter
view. It is recognized, however, that in some
cities where the public library has obtained a
strong foothold as a practical institution, the
work might profitably be conducted under its
auspices. Several of our leading cities main-
tain libraries which fill a large place in the
practical affairs of the city. But most of our
city libraries, unfortunately, do not have a
standing among practical men. Too many of
them devote their attention exclusively to the
esthetic and cultural. In many cities the ma-
jority of the patrons are women and children
and the circulation consists largely of light
literature. Most of our city libraries are
manned by people having little conception of
the practical functions of a municipal refer-
ence library. Many public libraries are lo-
cated at considerable distance from the seat
of administrative and municipal activity. Ob-
viously such a library is not a satisfactory
place in which to establish a municipal refer-
ence branch. It would not have the proper
standing with the men whom it would serve,
and its usefulness would be curtailed both
from within and without."
THE LIBRARIAN'S MOTHER GOOSE
X. BINDERY
Peter, Peter, pumpkin eater,
Had a book and couldn't keep her.
Put her in a brand new shell
And there he kept her very well.
— Ren'ee B. Stern.
October, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
797
Bibitoarapbtcal motes
Printed catalog cards of their new books
are being supplied by Messrs. Dodd, Mead
& Co. to libraries.
The Library of Congress has issued a book
on "The star-spangled banner," by Oscar
George Theodore Sonneck, chief of the divi-
sion of music. The book is revised and en-
larged from the report on "The star-spangled
banner" and other airs first issued in 1909,
and now has 115 pages of text, together with
twenty-five plates reproducing early forms of
the song, and a frontispiece portrait of Francb
Scott Key.
The Free Public Library of Jersey City has
issued an attractive souvenir of the centen-
nial of "The star-spangled banner." This con-
sists of an eight-page pamphlet containing an
account of the origin of the song and the
circumstances connected with its writing; an
account of its first publication, with an extract
from the newspaper in which it was first
printed ; a sketch of the life of Francis Scott
Key and a description of the battle of North
Point and the attack on Fort McHenry. A
very complete bibliography of the subject is
also given. This pamphlet is in the same
style and forms a companion publication to
the monograph on the American flag which
the library published last June.
The second supplement to Miss Alice Kroe-
ger's "Guide to the study and use of refer-
ence books" prepared by Miss Isadore Gilbert
Mudge of Columbia University, of Columbia
University, has been issued by the A. L. A.
Publishing Board. The supplement includes
the reference books published 1911-1913, and
gives in a classified and annotated list the
material which has appeared in her articles
in the LIBRARY JOURNAL.
The board has also published the fourth
edition, revised up to March, 1914, of J. I.
Wyer, Jr.'s, "U. S. government documents in
small libraries." Its usefulness to small libra-
ries is indicated by the fact that several
states have reprinted it since it was first is-
sued by the Minnesota Library Commission
in 1904. The first reprint was made by the
library of the University of Nebraska, a sec-
ond edition, slightly altered and enlarged,
was printed by the Wisconsin Free Library
Commission in 1905, and a third, considerably
extended and revised, by the A. L. A. board
in 1910. The pamphlet should not be con-
fused with the larger one of 78 pages, by the
same author, issued by the New York State
Library in 1906.
RECENT BOOKS ON LIBRARY ECONOMY
CATALOGING
Liidicke, Felix, and Pieth, Willy. Grundlagen
einer Instruction fur die Kataloge von Volks- und
Stadtbiichereien. Charlottenburg: Adolf Gertz.
67 p.
CLASSIFICATION
A. L. A. committee on code for classifiers. A
code for classifiers; a collection of data compiled for
the use of the committee by William Stetson Mer-
rill, chairman. May, 1914. 124 p. mimeograph
copy.
Brown, J. Duff. Subject classification. 2 ed. rev.
London: Graf ton & Co. 406 p. 15 s. n.
LEIPZIG — PUBLIC LIBRARIES
Die stadtischen Biicherhallen zu Leipzig. Mit
einem Anhang: Die Zentralstelle fur volkstumliches
Bibliothekswesen zu Leipzig. Leipzig: Otto Harras-
sowitz. 98 p.
LIBRARIES
Richardson, Ernest dishing. The beginnings of
libraries. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press. 176
p. $i n.
Ward, Gilbert O. The practical use of books and
libraries. 2 ed., rev. and enl. Boston: The Boston
Book Co. 104 p. $i sp. n.
LIBRARIES AND SCHOOLS
Bostwick, Arthur E., ed. The relationship between
the library and the public schools; reprints of papers
and addresses. White Plains, N. Y . : The H. W.
Wilson Co. 331 p. $1.35. (Classics of American
librarianship.)
LIBRARY ECONOMY
Mayer, Dr. Friedrich Arnold, and Grolig, Moriz.
Beitrage zur Bibliotheksverwaltung historisches und
praktisches. Heft i. Der mittlere Dienst. Wien.
46 p.
Roebuck, George Ed., and Thome, William Ben-
son. A primer of library practice. London: Graf ton
& Co. 189 p. 2 s. 6 d. n.
MANUSCRIPTS
Fitzpatrick, J. C. Notes on the care, cataloguing,
calendaring, and arranging of manuscripts. Wash-
ington, D. C.: Gov. Pr. Off., 1913. 45 p.
MEXICO — NATIONAL LIBRARY
Obregon, Luis Gonzalez. The National Library
of Mexico, 1833-1910; historical essay, translated by
Alberto M. Carreno. Mexico, 1910. no p.
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS
Wyer, J. L, Jr. U. S. government documents in
small libraries. 4. ed. rev. Chicago: A. L. A. Pub.
Board. 31 p. (Library handbook No. 7.)
REFERENCE BOOKS
Mudge, Isadore Gilbert. Supplement, 1911-1913
[to] Guide to the study and use of reference books,
by Alice Bertha Kroeger. Chicago: A. L. A. Pub.
Board. 48 p.
STAFF MANUALS
Bodleian Library. Staff manual, 1914. Oxford,
Eng. : The library. 150 p.
RECENT BIBLIOGRAPHIES
GENERAL
NEW YORK Public Library. "As interesting as a
novel"; a list of readable books. 7 p.
NEW YORK State Library. Best books of 1913. Albany:
Univ. of the State of N. Y. 60 p. (Bull. Bibli-
ography 54.)
FOR SPECIAL CLASSES
BOYS AND GIRLS
Books for boys and girls. (In Bull, of the Los
Angeles P. L., Jl., 1914. p. 88-96.)
GIRLS
Power, Effie L., comp. A list of books for older
girls. St. Louis Public Library. 7 p.
ITALIANS
Buffalo Public Library. Books for Italians in
America. 7 p.
SCHOOLS
Bartholomew, W. E. Annotated book list for
secondary school libraries; commercial subjects sec-
tion. Albany: Univ. of the State of N. Y. 16 p.
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[October, 1914
SUBJECT BIBLIOGRAPHIES
ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION
Harden, Arthur. Alcoholic fermentation. 2. ed.
Longmans. 19 p. bibl. $1.25 n. (Monographs on
biochemistry.)
A M ERI CA — Hi STORY
Judson, Katharine B. Subject index to the his-
tory of the Pacific Northwest and of Alaska. Olyrn-
pia, Wash.: Wash. State Library, 1913. 341 p.
APPLE GROWING
Massachusetts State Board of Agriculture. Apple
growing. 1913. 13 p. bibl. (Bull.)
ARCHITECTURE
Gotch, John Alfred. Early Renaissance architec-
ture in England; a historical and descriptive account
of the Tudor, Elizabethan, and Jacobean periods,
1500-1625; for the use of students and others. 2.
ed. rev. Scribner. 4 p. bibl. $6 n.
ARMENIA
Buxtonf Noel, and Buxton, Rev. Harold. Travel
and politics in Armenia; with an introduction by
Viscount Bryce; and a contribution on Armenian
history and culture. Macmillan. bibls. $1.50 n.
BABIES
Jacksonville (Fla.) Public Library. Better babies
and their care; a few books about the baby's health
to be found at the Jacksonville Public Library. 4 p.
BACON, ROGER
Little, A. G., ed. Roger Bacon; essays contrib-
uted by various writers on the occasion of the com-
memoration of the seventh centenary of his birth.
Oxford Univ. Press. 42 p. bibl. $5.25 n.
BIOLOGY
Carnegie Institution of Washington. Department
of Marine Biology. Papers from the Tortugas Lab-
oratory of the Carnegie Institution of Washington.
Vol. 5, 6. Washington, D. C.: Carnegie Institution,
bibls. Vol. 5, $2; vol. 6, $3.75. (Publications)
"BLUE SKY" LAWS
Blue-sky laws; select list of references to ma-
terial in the California State Library. (In News
Notes of Cal. Libs., Ap., 1914. p. 221-222.)
BOYCOTTS
Laidler, Harry Wellington. Boycotts and the la-
bor struggle; economic and legal aspects; with an
introduction by Henry R. Seager. John Lane. 4 p.
bibl. $2 n.
CALIFORNIA — FICTION
Fiction in the State Library having a California
coloring. (In News Notes of Cal. Libs., Ap., 1914.
p. 227-242.)
CANADA — HISTORY
Wrong, George M., Langton, H. H., and Wallace,
W. Stewart, eds. Review of historical publications
relating to Canada. Vol. xvm. Publications of the
year 1913. Toronto: Univ. of Toronto. 245 p.
(Univ. of Toronto studies.)
CATHOLICS
Guilday, Rev. Philip. The English Catholic refu-
gees on the continent 1558-1795. Vol. i. The Eng-
lish colleges and convents in the Catholic Low
Countries, 1558-1795. Longmans. 31 p. bibl. $2.75
n.
CERAMICS
Lewer, H. William. The china collector; a guide
to the porcelain of the English factories; with a pref-
atory note by Frank Stevens; and 32 illustrations
and reproductions of the authentic ceramic marks.
McKay. ;}4 p. bibl. $1.50 n.
CHILD LABOR
Markham, Edwin, and others. Children in bond-
age; a complete and careful presentation of the
anxious problem of child labor — its causes, its crimes,
and its cure; with an introduction by Owen R.
Lovejoy. Hearst's Internal. Lib. Co. 3 p. bibl.
$1.50 n.
COMMERCE
Day, Clive. A history of commerce. New ed.
Longmans. 40 p. bibl. $2.
COSTUME
Western Reserve Historical Society. The Charles
(j. King collection of books on costume. Cleveland,
O.: The society. 48 p. (Tract 93.)
COUNTY LIBRARIES
Riverside (Cal.) Public Library. County free li-
braries in California and elsewhere. 12 p. 10 c.
(Bull. 103.)
CRUNDEN, FREDERICK MORGAN
Bostwick, Arthur E., ed. Frederick Morgan Crun-
den; a memorial bibliography. St. Louis Public
Library. 67 p.
DAFYDD AB GWILYM
Lewes, Evelyn. Life and poems of Dafydd ab
Gwilym; with a preface by Sir Edward Anwyl.
Scribner. bibl. $i n.
EDUCATION
Baldwin, Bird Thomas. Physical growth and
school progress; a study in experimental education.
Gov. Prtg. Off. 4 P- bibl. (U. S. Bur. of Educ.
Bull., 1914, no. 10. Whole no. 581)
Egerton, F. Clemont C. The future of education.
Macmillan. bibls. $1.25 n.
ENGINEERING
Flowers, Alan F. Friction and lubrication testing
apparatus. Columbia, Mo. ; Univ. of Mo., 1913. 3 p.
bibl. (Bull. Engineering Experiment Station series.)
ENGLAND
Perris, George Herbert. The industrial history of
modern England. Holt. iolA p. bibl. $2 n.
ENGLAND — HISTORY
Turberyille, Arthur Stanley. The House of Lords
• in the reign of William III. Oxford Univ. Press,
1913- 6 p. bibl. $2.90 n. (Oxford historical and
literary studies.)
ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Opdycke, John Baker. News, ads, and sales; the
use of English for commercial purposes. Macmillan.
12 p. bibl. $1.25 n.
ETHICS
Gardner, Charles Spurgeon. The ethics of Jesus
and social progress. Doran. 6 p. bibl. $1.25 n.
EUROPE
Catalogue of books relating to Europe, 1889-1914.
(In Nottingham (Eng.) Lib. Bull., O., 1914. p. 73-
81.)
Men and movements in modern Europe. (In
Readers' Guide, Norwich, Eng. P. L., p. 136-140.)
EUROPEAN WAR
Blackwelder, Paul, comp. A few books bearing on
the European war. (In St. Louis P. L. Monthly
Bull., S., 1914- P. 266.)
Books on the European crisis. (In Pub. Weekly,
Aug. 22, 1914. p. 545-547-)
Boston Public Library. A selected list of books
relating to the European crisis in the Public Library
of the city of Boston. 10 p.
Bridgeport Public Library. Europe and the war
(1914- ). 9 p.
Buffalo Public Library. List of 100 modern books
dealing with the European war. (In Illustrated Buf-
falo Express, Ag. 23, 1914.)
Chicago Public Library. The European war.
(In Chicago P. L. Book Bull., S., 1914. p. 110-112.)
Jacksonville (Fla.) Public Library. Reading list
on great European War. 8 p.
Louisville Free Public Library. Helpful books on
the crisis in Europe; some important volumes pub-
lished since the first Balkan War on the political, eco-
nomic, and social factors in the present struggle. 12 p.
Reprinted from American Review of Reviews, S.,
1914-
New York Public Library. The literature of the
war. (In Bull, of the N. Y. P. L., Ag., 1914. p.
789-792.)
Syracuse Public Library. Europe and war; a list
of some of the books and magazine articles in the
Syracuse Public Library. 15 p.
FINE ARTS
Subject list of works on enamelling, art metalwork,
furniture, costume and hair dressing and working in
the Library of the Patent Office. London: Patent
Office. 66 p. 6 d. (Pat. Off. Lib.: subject lists.
New series. CKiS— CO 17).
FOREIGN MISSIONS
Capen, Edward Warren. Sociological progress in
mission lands; introduction by James A. Kelso.
Revell. 3 p. bibl. $1.50 n.
October, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
799
Faunce, William Herbert Perry. The social as-
pects of foreign missions. New York: Missionary
Education Movement of United States and Canada.
9 p. bibl. 60 c.
GEOGRAPHY
A catalogue of works dealing with geography, voy-
ages and travels, chiefly concerning America, Africa,
and Austria. . . . Part i. London: Bernard
Quaritch. 128 p. (No. 332. 1016 items.)
Dryer, Charles Redway W'lmarth. A teacher's
manual to accompany High school geography. Amer.
Book Co. 19 p. bibl. 25 c.
GIRL PIONEERS IN AMERICA
Beard, Lina, and Beard, Adelia Belle. The national
organization, Girl Pioneers of America (incorpor-
ated): peace pioneering for girls. New York: Nat.
Americana Soc. 8 p. bibl. 35 c.
, GREECE — HISTORY
Bury, John Bagnell. A history of Greece to the
death of Alexander the Great. Macmillan, 1913.
33 p. bibl. $2 n.
GYMNASTICS
Physical education in the Young Men's Christian
Association of North America. Assn. Press, up.
bibl. $i.
INCOME TAX
Seligman, Edwin Robert Anderson. The income
tax; a study of the history, theory, and practice of
income taxation at home and abroad. 2. ed. rev.
and enl. Macmillan. 24% p. bibl. $3 n.
INDUSTRIAL CONDITIONS
[Bibliography of general works on women's labor,
references on hours of labor and on wages, and
articles on the Consumers' League.] (In Report
of the Consumers'. League of the City of New
York, 1913. p. 46-52.)
INSANITY
Catalogue of books on insanity, diseases of the
brain, nervous system, and allied subjects. London,
W. C.: Henry Kimpton. 8 p. (No. 133, 1914. 289
items.)
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Bigelow, John, jr. American policy; the western
hemisphere in its relation to the eastern. Scribner.
6 p. bibl. $i n.
JOURNALISM
Severance, H. O., comp. Books for journalism
students. Columbia, Mo. : Univ. of Missouri. 30 p.
JUVENILE COURTS
Flexner, Bernard, and Baldwin, Roger N. Juve-
nile courts and probation. Century. 6j4 p. bibl.
$1.25 n.
LABOR ORGANIZATIONS
Brissenden, Paul F. Launching of the Industrial
Workers of the World. Univ. of Cal., 1913. 29 p.
bibl. (Bibl. in economics.)
LAMPS, MINERS'
Clark, Harold Hayward. Permissible electric
lamps for miners. Washington : Gov. Prtg. Off.
3 p. bibl. (U. S. Bur. of Mines. Technical pap.
75-)
LIBRARIES
Kaiser, John Boynton. Law, legislative, and
municipal reference libraries; an introductory man-
ual and bibliographical guide. Boston Book Co.
bibls. $4 n.
LITERATURE
Ashmun, Margaret, ed. Modern prose and poetry,
for secondary schools; edited, with notes, study
helps, and reading lists. Houghton Mifflin. 8J4 p.
bibl. 85 c.
Duncan, Carson Samuel. The new science and
English literature in the classical period. Menasha,
Wis.: George Banta Pub., 1913. 6 p. bibl. $i.
Tisdale, Frederick Monroe. Studies in literature.
Part 2. Macmillan. bibls. 70 c. n.
MARRIAGE
, Howard, George Elliott. The family and mar-
riage; an analytical reference syllabus. Lincoln,
Neb.: Univ. of Neb. 87 p. bibl. 75 c. n.
MATHEMATICS
Lindquist, T. Mathematics for freshmen students
of engineering. G. E. Stechert. 4^ p. bibl. $1.25 n.
MEDICINE
A catalogue of medical and surgical works. . . .
London, W. C. : Henry Kimpton. 4 p. (No. 129,
1913. 94 items.)
MEXICAN WAR
Haferkorn, Henry E., comp. The war with
Mexico, 1846-1848; a select bibliography on the
causes, conduct, and the political aspect of the war;
together with a select list of books and other printed
material on the resources, economic conditions, poli-
tics and government of the republic of Mexico, and
the characteristics of the Mexican people. . . .
Washington, D. C. : Professional Memoirs, Wash-
ington Barracks. 4+93 + 28 p. $i. (Bibliographi-
cal contributions bull.)
MIND
Beers, Eli. Mind as a cause and cure of disease;
presented from a medical, scientific, and religious
point of view. Chicago: The author, 2256 N. Clarke
St. 6 p. bibl. 50 c.
MISSIONS
Barton, James Levi. Educational missions. New
York: Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign
Missions. 22 p. bibl. 75 c.
MOUNTAINEERING
New York Public Library. Selected list of books
on mountaineering. 15 p.
Music
A selected list of books on the appreciation of
music. (In Bull, of St. Louis P. L., F., 1913.
P- 50-53-)
NATURAL SCIENCE
A catalogue of valuable books and MSS., includ-
ing works on . . . natural science, and the library of
ornithological works of the late Dr. Philip Lutley
Sclater. . . . Bernard Quaritch. 144 p. (No. 330.)
NATURE
Nature books: geology, botany, sports. Philadel-
phia: The Franklin Bookshop, 920 Walnut St. 50 p.
(Catalog No. 31, 1914. 582 items.)
NEGRO
Cromwell, John W. The negro in American his-
tory; men and women eminent in the evolution of
the American of African descent. Washington:
Amer. Negro Acad. 5 p. bibl. $1.25 n.
NEWSPAPERS
Brigham, Clarence S., comp. Bibliography of
American newspapers, 1690-1820. (In Proceedings
of the American Antiquarian Society, 1913. Vol. 23,
new series, part 2. p. 247-403.)
Haskell, Daniel C. A checklist of newspapers
and official gazettes in the New York Public Library.
(In Bull, of the N. Y. P. L. Jl., 1914. p. 683-
722.)
NORWAY
St. Paul Public Library. Books on Norway and
Norwegian literature, with cataloigue of the library
of the Haabet Society of the Trinity Norwegian
Lutheran Church. 16 p.
ORIENT
Luzac's Oriental list and book review. Luzac &
Co. 60 p. (Vol. xxv, nos. 1-2. Ja.-F., 1914.)
PAIN
Behan, Richard Joseph. Pain; its origin, conduc-
tion, perception, and diagnostic significance; with
191 illustrations in the text and many diagnostic
charts. Appleton. 62 p. bibl. $6 n.
PANAMA
Anderson, Charles Loftus Grant, M. D. Old Pan-
ama and Castilla del Oro; a narrative history of
the discovery, conquest and settlement by the
Spaniards. . . . Boston: Page Co., 1911. ioj4 p.
bibl. $3.50 n.
PATENTS
Watkins, S. D., comp. Select list of references
to books and periodicals on patents and inventions.
(In Bull, of St. Louis P. L., My., 1913. p. 125-
127.)
PRESIDENTIAL TERM
Painter, Estella E. Selected articles on the six-
year presidential term. 4 p. bibl. (Abridged de-
baters handbook series.)
8oo
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[October, 1914
PSYCHOLOGY
Burnham, W. H., ed. Bibliographies of educa-
tional psychology from the Library of Clark Univer-
sity. [Worcester,] 1913. 44 p.
Myers, Charles Samuel. A text-book of experi-
mental psychology, with laboratory exercises. In 2
parts. Part i, Textbook. Part 2, Laboratory exer-
cises. 2. ed. Longmans, 1911. bibls. $2.50 n.
Myers, Garry Cleveland. A study in incidental
memory. New York: Science Press. 4 p. bibl.
$1.25. (Archives of psychology.)
Wells, George Ross. The influence of stimulus
duration on reaction time. Princeton, N. J. : Psycho-
logical Review Co., 1913. 3 p. bibl. 75 c. n. (Psy-
chological monographs.)
PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSIONS
Anderson, William. The work of public service
commissions, with special reference to the New
York Commission. 3 p. bibl. (Univ. of Minn.
Current problems, no. i.)
QUARTZ LAMPS
Evans, W. A. D. Mercury-vapor quartz lamps.
(In Proc. of Assn. of Iron and Steel Elec. Engi-
neers, 1913. p. 167-168.)
REFORM BILL
Butler, J. R. M. The passing of the great Re-
form Bill. Longmans. 4 p. bibl. $3.75 n.
REFORMATION, ITALIAN
Hare, Christopher. Men and women of the Italian
Reformation. Scribner. 3^ p. bibl. $3 n.
RELIGION
Burr, Anna Robeson Brown. Religious confes-
sions and confessants; with a chapter on the hist9ry
of introspection. Houghton Mifflin. 22 p. bibl.
$2.50 n.
Youtz, Herbert Alden. The enlarging conception
of God. Macmillan. 3 p. bibl. $1.25 n.
RURAL SOCIAL SCIENCE
Massachusetts Agricultural College. A selected
bibliography on rural social science. Amherst, 1911.
ii p.
SCHOOLS
Betts, George Herbert, and Hall, Otis Earle.
Better rural schools; illustrated by photographs and
charts. Bobbs-Merrill. 9 p. bibl. $1.25 n.
Culter, Horace M., and Stone, Julia M. The
rural school, its methods and management. Silver,
Burdett. 7 p. bibl. $1.10.
Miller, James Collins. Rural schools in Canada;
their organization, administration, and supervision.
New York: Teachers' College, Columbia Univ., 1913.
10 p. bibl. $2. (Contributions to education.)
Nevvberry, Marie Amna. The rural school library.
New York Public Library. 4 p. bibl.
SCOTLAND
List of works in the New York Public Library
relating to Scotland. Parts v, vi. (In Bull, of the
N. Y. P. L., Je., Jl., 1914. p. 573-663; p. 723-780.)
SEX
Geddes, Patrick, and Thomson, John Arthur. Sex.
Holt. 6% p. bibl. 50 c. n. (Home university
library of modern knowledge.)
Books on sex education and hygiene. (In Mass.
Lib. Club Bull., Mr., 1913. p. 40-45.)
SKIN DISEASES
Catalogue of books on diseases of the skin. Lon-
don, W. C.: Henry Kimpton. 4 p. (No. 131,
1913. no items.)
SLAVERY
Trexler, Harrison Anthony. Slavery in Missouri,
1804-1865. Johns Hopkins Univ. iol/2 p. bibl. $1.25.
(Studies in history and political science.)
SLOCUM, HENRY WARNER
Slocum, Edward Elihu, M. D. The life and
services of Major-General Henry Warner Slocum.
Toledo, O.: Slocum Pub. Co. 3 p. bibl. $4.50.
SMOKE
Watkins, S. D. The smoke nuisance; its cause,
abatement, prevention, etc. (In Bull, of St. Louis
P. L., F., 1913. p. 54-56.)
STEEL MILLS
List of references on motor drive steel mills.
(In Proc. of the Assn. of Iron and Steel Elec.
Engineers, 1913. p. 205.)
STORY-TELLING
Cowles, Julia Darrow. The art of story -telling;
with nearly half a hundred stories. McClurg. 3 p.
bibl. $i n.
SYNDICALISM
Levine, Louis. Syndicalism in France; with an
introduction by Franklin H. Giddings. 2. rev. ed.
of "The labor movement in France." Longmans,
1912. 6l/3 p. bibl. $2 n. (Columbia Univ. studies
in history, economics, and public law.)
TEACHERS' PENSIONS
Prosser, C. A., and Hamiltpn, W. I. The teacher
and old age. Houghton. bibl. (Riverside educa-
tional monographs series.)
TEACHERS' SALARIES
Baldwin, Bird T., and Mohr, Walter H. Bibli-
ography of teachers' salaries. (In Boykin, James
C., and King, Roberta. The tangible rewards of
teaching. U. S. Bur. of Educ. Bull., 1914, no. 16.
Whole no. 589. p. 440-465.)
TECHNOLOGY
Lists of books on electricity, manufactures of
metal products, building and the allied trades, mis-
cellaneous arts and crafts, including manual train-
ing. (In Stockton [Co/.] F. P. L. Bull., Ja., 1913.
p. 15-30.)
TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH
American Telephone and Telegraph Co. Govern-
mental and private telegraph and telephone utilities;
an analysis. New York: The author. 10 p. bibl.
gratis (Commercial Bull, no. 7.)
THEOLOGY
Anglican theology. New York: Schulte's Book
Store. 58 p. (Cat. no. 60.)
Catalog of second-hand theological books. Lon-
don: Charles Higham & Son. 40 p. (No. 531.
1478 items.)
The modern theological library of an East Angli-
can clergyman . . . also a section devoted to Roman
Catholic literature. London: Charles Higham & Son.
(No. 536. 1319 items.)
VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE
Wilson, Lewis A. A list of helpful publications
concerning vocational instruction. Albany: Univ. of
the State of New York. 41 p.
WEBSTER, DANIEL
Ogg, Frederic Austin. Daniel Webster. Jacobs.
4 p. bibl. $1.25 n. (American crisis biographies.)
WISCONSIN
Wegelin, Oscar, comp. Wisconsin verse: a com-
pilation of the titles of volumes of verse written by
authors born or residing in the state of Wisconsin.
(In Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America.
Vol. vii, p. 90-114.)
Calendar
Oct. -- . Kansas Library Association. To-
peka.
Oct. 6-9. Ohio Library Association. Dayton.
Oct. 15-17. Keystone State Library Associa-
tion. Annual meeting, Galen
Hall, Wernersville, Pa.
Oct. 19-21. Nebraska Library Association. An-
nual meeting, Geneva.
Oct. 20-22. Vermont Library Association and
Vermont Free Library Commis-
sion. Joint meeting, Proctor.
Oct. 20-22. Iowa State Library Association.
Marshalltown.
Oct. 21-22. Illinois Library Association. Spring-
field.
Oct. 22-24. Massachusetts Library Club. Stock-
bridge.
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THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
VOL. 39
NOVEMBER, 1914
No. 11
THERE seems to be no corner of the earth
and no province of work ir which the dire-
ful war of Europe has not been felt to dis-
advantage. The great municipalities have
cut down their budgets to the last possible
penny, and that municipal library is lucky
which obtains for the new year as much as
in the old year, despite the allowance that
should be made each year to cover normal
growth. New York City has taken this
course of confining library appropriations
this year to last year's figures and Brook-
lyn must still be content without the neces-
sary central library building, for which
foundations are waiting. In fact, even be-
fore the outbreak of the war there was some
tendency this year to curb library expendi-
ture. The Providence Public Library has
discontinued for lack of funds the Bulletin
which it has published for some years past.
Los Angeles has closed one of its branch
libraries for like reason. Although dull times
sometimes furnish more readers to libraries
than the seasons when prosperous readers
are too busy to read, libraries are restricted
from taking advantage of this opportunity
wherever additional expenditure is involved.
The whole world is now so geared together
that it works in unison, and pity 'tis that
instead of the unison of international har-
mony, to which we had all looked forward,
the world has to-day been thrown out of
gear altogether.
THE Scotch congregation which wanted
to build a new church out of the materials
of the old and to worship in the old while
the new should be a-building, is not with-
out parallel in the library field. Cleveland
has found a solution of its problem by tak-
ing quarters in an office building pending
the erection of its new central library, and
Los Angeles, which hopes some day for an
adequate central building, has still to be
content with its quarters in an office sky-
scraper, an improvement on its former oc-
cupancy of part of a department store. We
present in this number illustrations of how
these two libraries are making the best of
what at best is but a makeshift and really
making their habitat attractive and effec-
tive despite disadvantages. The office
building is now used in our great cities for
all sorts of purposes, including dental par-
lors, tailor shops and the like; but a li-
brary system in a city of any size is not
what it should be unless and until it has
a central library building which may ade-
quately typify and centralize library work.
On the other hand, such quarters are en-
tirely suitable for branch libraries, especially
those appealing to business men, in loca-
tions convenient to a daytime clientele.
Such a business branch as Mr. Dana has
made notable in Newark can very properly
often find its best location in an office
building centrally located in the business
section.
WHEREVER the branch library and what-
ever its special function it can best be or-
ganized and served, we believe, as a part of
the general library system. We cannot there-
fore agree with Mr. Lapp, who holds
that the municipal reference library should
be a separate institution from the municipal
public library system. New York has done
wisely in linking the Municipal Reference
Library, which is housed in its enormous
municipal building, with the public library
system, to the general advantage of all
concerned. Thus New York's Municipal
Reference Library has the benefit of the
experience and skill of Dr. C. C. William-
son, the practiced economist and statistician,
who has been the head of the economics
division since it was segregated in the new
library building, and has now been trans-
ferred to the librarianship of the Municipal
Reference Library as his special field. This
802
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[November, 1914
Municipal Reference Library has also the
benefit, in advisory relations, of Miss
Hasse, with her wide knowledge of pub-
lic documents, and of Mr. Gamble in the
engineering field, as heads of the pub-
lic documents and technology divisions of
the central library. This is a vital and
useful association. The American Statis-
tical Association, as another example, has
definitely associated its library work with
the Boston Public Library, which houses
its special collection and extends it from
time to time. The Reform Club of New
York has its special library in econom-
ics and politics similarly deposited with
with the Boston Public Library, which
houses its special collection and extends it
from time to time. The Reform Club of
New York has its special library in eco-
nomics and politics similarly deposited with
Columbia University Library, which is in
effect a public library. There is still room
for separate special collections, separately
housed and managed; but in the interest of
public service and public economy, probably
the best results are obtained when special
libraries are put at the service of a wider
public through association with the public
library system.
IN view of the increasingly close rela-
tions between schools and libraries, and es-
pecially the advanced position which the
Commissioner of Education has taken in
that respect, it is astonishing to find a book
on "Better rural schools" put forth with-
out mention of the word "book" or "libra-
ry" in the table of contents, and without
any indication that the writers had at all
heard of the value of libraries in connec-
tion with rural education. This would be
rather discouraging but for the sure fact
that the book does not in this respect rep-
resent the teaching profession. Nothing is
more notable in the modern history of edu-
cation, especially in this country, than its
use of auxiliary methods aside from direct
class-room work with the text-book, and
among these the school library and the use
of the public library hold first rank. The
demonstrations by Mrs. Root, children's
librarian of the Providence Public Library,
of teaching children how to use books, made
at the Massachusetts Library Club meeting
at Stockbridge and elsewhere, are interest-
ing and valuable proof of the vital relation-
ship between the school child and the book
as a tool. As Mrs. Root points out, the
idea of a book as a tool has never occurred
to many children and, it may be added, to
some school teachers yet the book is to the
person of education what the chisel and
the plane are to the carpenter. Closer re-
lations between schools and libraries, be-
tween teachers and librarians, between
school children and children's librarians, as
such are much to be desired and are more
and more coming about.
THE larger elements in President Wil-
son's policy having been carried through
the hard-worked Congress which ad-
journed last month, there should be oppor-
tunity in the next session for considera-
tion and passage of bills concerning admin-
istrative reform which have for years been
awaiting action. One of these concerns
the administration of the post office, as a
result of which there may be reshaping and
betterment of the parcel post, and another
is the Printing Bill, important because it
will save hundreds of thousands of dollars
to the government and better the utility
of public documents. In this the libraries
are vitally interested and we print in this
issue the full text of the explanation by
Mr. Carter covering the features of the
bill, which was given only in part in the
published A. L. A. Proceedings. Libra-
rians should read this paper carefully and
if they have any suggestions to make send
them to State Librarian Godard at Hart-
ford, Conn., who is chairman of the A. L.
A. Committee on Public Documents.
When the bill is before Congress librarians
should be ready to give their active and
energetic support in pushing for its pas-
sage.
THE BODLEIAN LIBRARY AT OXFORD
(Concluded)
BY THEODORE W. KOCH, Librarian, University of Michigan
COXE AS LIBRARIAN
HENRY OCTAVIUS COXE, characterized
by Dean Burgon as "the large hearted li-
brarian," was born in 1811, and while still
an undergraduate of Worcester College,
received an offer of a position in the manu-
script department of the British Museum.
Here he remained for six years, returning
to Oxford in 1838 as sub-librarian at the
Bodleian under Dr. Bandinel, For the
first thirty years of his work there he never
took the full six weeks vacation to which
he was entitled. His love for the library
was so strong that he was never quite hap-
py away from it. He succeeded to the
headship upon the death of Dr. Bandinel
in 1860. Bandinel had carefully watched
sales and studied catalogs, and had brought
up the collection of printed books to a high
standard. When Coxe was appointed libra-
rian, he saw that two things were needed:
first, it was necessary to make the library
more accessible; secondly, to see that a
careful inventory was taken, preparatory
to making a general catalog of the library.
His chief work was this new general cata-
log, made in duplicate form slips pasted into
723 folio volumes, a work which took
twenty years to complete. The author en-
tries were written in triplicate, the third
copy being reserved for the subject cata-
log. All the printed books except those in
Oriental languages were included.
"I never enter the library," he said upon
one occasion, "without looking at the por-
trait of Bodley, and resolving to do nothing
which would have offended Sir Thomas."
Coxe had often watched hard-working tu-
tors come to the Bodleian at the end of
their day's lectures, to use the one or two
remaining hours during which it was open
for study, and he felt that there ought to
be a reading room open in the evening for
the use of such men; and he was the means
of obtaining the Radcliffe Library for this
purpose.
"Coxe was always working — over work-
ing," said Dean Farrar. "Yet he always
had a kindly temper in spite of being bored.
He was in this respect the ideal of a libra-
rian. On my going to consult him on some
literary point one afternoon, he sighed and
said, — 'My dear Farrar/ — he always opened
his vocative with 'my dear' in this
way — 'I am so tired. I have lost two hours
this morning, through a visit of old '
[a noted archaeologist, a country clergyman,
then in Oxford for his holiday, and always
rather a dilettante]. 'He brought his wife
and a friend, and asked me to show them
our coins.' [The Bodleian coins are seldom
seen. They live upstairs in a cupboard of
the Bodleian Gallery.] When he got sight
of the Roman as, he took it up, and fixing
his bright eyes on his friend, exclaimed,
'Yes, this is a real as; this is an as/ What
a pity, I thought to myself, that he could
not see that there were two, — not one, —
and so have had the sense to set me free
without consuming my time in library
hours/ "
A friend once brought him a small, care-
fully bound volume of papers by his de-
ceased father and asked, with some show
of filial piety, that it be accepted by the
Bodleian. "Oh, yes," said Coxe, with
moistened eyes, "You wish this little book
to be cherished. I quite understand. I will
see to it. Leave it to me."
"With the officials of the Bodleian, Coxe
was thoroughly popular," writes Dean Bur-
gon. "There was in him no affectation of
dignity. His welcome to the janitor was as
cordial as to any one. He had no sus-
picious ways : he assumed that all beneath
him were doing what they ought to do,
though he could be playfully sarcastic with
them on occasion if he found any of them
off their duty. He loved a trusty man su-
premely. There was in him a real power of
governing and guiding a great institution;
his intellectual supremacy keeping him first
in all matters requiring headwork, and giv-
ing him a right to the authority conferred
on him by his office. To Oxford men visit-
ing the library he was simply delightful. In
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THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
{November, 1914
the words of an ancient resident in Ox-
ford, Archdeacon Palmer, — 'It will not be
easy to get so good a librarian as Coxe,
though his successor may grow to be as
good; as lovable a librarian it is out of the
question to expect.' "
"He never suffered his private work to
encroach upon his official time," says Stan-
ley Lane-Poole, "and avoided interference
in academic controversy, lest it might lead
to the intrusion of party spirit into the man-
agement of the library. He showed perfect
tact and consideration for his subordinates,
who respected his authority the more be-
cause it was exerted without fuss or self-
importance, and with a general air of
camaraderie. His personal charm was due
to a rare combination of playfulness, dig-
nity, and old-fashioned courtesy; and his
wit and stores of anecdote were equally re-
markable. His social powers and his un-
affected sweetness of character made him
a welcome guest in all society."
THE CATALOG
No sooner had the discussion about lend-
ing Bodleian books died down than Profes-
sor Chandler started a new tirade in a
pamphlet entitled, "Some observations on
the Bodleian classed catalogue," (Oxford,
B. H. Blackwell, 1888). In 1885 he had
printed a memorandum on that subject in
which he contended that the classed catalog
and all the work it entailed was so much
labor thrown away, that no real scholar, no
man who is capable of literary research,
wants a classed catalog. He argued that it
served no useful purpose, and was but a
snare and a delusion. The sciolist alone
thinks how delightful it would be to turn
to any given subject and there see all that
has been written on it. Most French cata-
logs are classed, and Professor Chandler re-
tained a lively sense of detestation for those
who were foolish enough to attempt to
class the books of a large library. In answer
to the question, How is a man to know
what books have been printed on this or
that subject, Professor Chandler would
answer that every man fit to be admitted to
a great library knows many ways of acquir-
ing this information.
On another occasion Professor Chandler
handled the subject-entries of the Bodleian
catalog without gloves. The arrangement
of the titles of the books under classes and
sub-classes is easy in some cases, difficult in
others, while simply impossible in many.
Some go quietly enough under one class,
some under two or three heads, some under
many, while some utterly defy all attempts
at classification. Our pamphleteer puts the
following into the mouth of the man whose
ideas of books are hazy : "My dear Sir, you
are really very obtuse, you make difficulties
where none exist; the thing is exceedingly
simple. Put all your theological books to-
gether, put all your law books together, and
so on; range all the histories of England,
all the histories of France, side by side;
proceed on the same principle with the
whole of your books, and your classed cata-
logue will be made: it may take a slight
amount of trouble, yet anybody with an
ounce of brains and a little good-will can
and must succeed; real difficulty there is
none." Chandler said that it was impossible
to suppress a smile when one thought how
many men there were in Oxford to whom
this sad nonsense appeared to be perfectly
sane and rational. And if his hazy friend
should reply that what he "so dogmatically
calls nonsense is advocated by a large num-
ber, perhaps by a majority of librarians;
they must know all about books; it is their
profession." No, rejoined our philosopher,
he did not forget the librarians, to whom
and the subject of their profession and
qualifications, he hoped some day to return.
So far as I know he never gave the world
of librarians the full benefit of his opinion
of them.
Under what head, asked Professor Chan-
dler, ought "balloon" to come?- Those who
dream of traveling in the air will be dis-
posed to think that this should stand some-
where near traveling on land and travel-
ing on water, while those who look
on the balloon as a toy will be inclined
to look under sports, pastimes, and amuse-
ments; those who regard them as bags full
of gas lighter than air may look under
physics. Quot homines tot sententiae, and,
wonderful to relate, everybody is right. A
balloon may very correctly be looked at in
an indefinite number of ways and the classi-
fication will vary accordingly. A large
number of books, perhaps thirty or forty
November, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
805
per cent, would be found obstinate when
one tried to classify them, and the opera
omnia of a polygraphic writer like Aris-
totle or Leibnitz would prove a veritable
crux. Moreover, since all classification is
arbitrary, what suits one reader will not
suit another. "If any two persons would
spend an hour in assigning to their re-
spective classes a hundred books taken at
random, they would discover that the ar-
rangement which one considers to be nat-
ural and proper, is to the other in the
highest degree unnatural and improper. A
man may discover more than this; he may
find, and certainly will find, not only that
he differs widely from other people, but,
what is more confounding still, that he
differs from himself. The classification
which seemed natural enough a month ago
looks very different to-day. And the classed
catalogue of a library is largely, if not
wholly, the vagary of the librarian; even if
it is fashioned on results arrived at in a
congress of librarians, it by no means fol-
lows that any but the authors of the
scheme can find their way about in it, nor
can they always do so. Each system of
classification — and there are many such —
is a maze in which all but those in the
secret are lost. But even were such a cata-
logue possible, no one man could compile
it; for to class all the books in a library
as large as the Bodleian, is to class works
which cover, or nearly cover, the omne
scibile; and unless a man knows every
branch, nay, every twig and bud of human
knowledge, he will never be able to assign
to each book its proper place, even if the
book has only one proper place; still less
successful must he be, if, as is usually the
case, a book has two, three, or more places.
. . . Some books are definitely this or
that, and nothing else; but large numbers
are as vague and indefinite as the transi-
tion tints in a rainbow, or as those excru-
ciating notes somewhere between C and C
sharp which may be heard on a summer's
night in a conversazione of excited cats.
The man with no ear for music has no
difficulty in classing the ambiguous note;
the man insensible to color boldly classes
the equivocal tint ; and some charming book
that laughs at classification, a perfectly
sane and delightful volume like the 'Essays
of Elia,' or Fuller's 'Holy and profane
state/ will be seized by the stolid slave of a
system and thrust like a lunatic into the
straight-waistcoat of a class where its best
friends will never more be able to find it."
"A protest by Bodley's librarian" was
set up in type in November, 1888, but Mr.
Nicholson kept back the printing in the
hope that Professor Chandler's pamphlet
against which he was protesting would fail
in its object, and, happily, it did so fail.
In May, 1890, Mr. Nicholson had struck off
a small number of copies of this protest for
private distribution and for preservation in
a few libraries. Mr. Nicholson said that
there was no one in Oxford whose sincer-
ity and unselfishness he honored more heart-
ily, no one in Oxford with whom he had
had so many long, pleasant talks, no one in
Oxford whom he believed to be more kindly
disposed to him or more ready to defend
him against ungenerous and unjust criti-
cism than was Professor Chandler. To
Professor Chandler's statement that "the
unfortunate officials are harassed with re-
ports which cost an infinity of trouble to
compose," Mr. Nicholson replied that among
the reports required from him had been
some relating to the subject-catalog, and
the preparation of those particular reports
had caused him weeks of overworry and
bad sleep. The curators considered them
necessary for their information, and the
curators alone could be judges of that ne-
cessity, but Mr. Nicholson thought that
Professor Chandler was ultimately re-
sponsible for any trouble which the prepara-
tion of the reports on the subject-catalog
caused him. For the future, said Mr.
Nicholson, any librarian of the Bodleian
must understand that, if the reports which
he presents to the curators tend to lead
them not to take the views of a particular
curator, he may be further harassed by
having to occupy his scanty and fagged
leisure in public controversies with that
curator, unless he prefers to risk what he
believes to be the vital interests of the li-
brary. It is idle to say "Why not leave
other curators to defend them?" Many
curators have probably as little time for
pamphlet writing as has the librarian, nor
is it possible for those not in library work
to speak from the special standpoint of a
8o6
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[November, 1914
librarian's professional experience. More-
over, no librarian of Bodley whose heart is
in the right place could stand by and leave
others to defend the library from such criti-
cisms as those of Professor Chandler. Mr.
Nicholson considered it perfectly proper
for Professor Chandler to address to the
University printed appeals to decide for his
particular views on the lending-question,
but he considered the subject-catalog a mat-
ter of internal administration of the library
within the province of the curators and of
no other body. Mr. Nicholson asked wheth-
er it was a right thing to do to try to up-
set the direction of the Bodleian in the way
Professor Chandler was trying to upset it,
and consequently whether it was a prudent
thing to do in the interests of the library.
"There are no doubt many persons in the
University not curators of the Bodleian who
would be highly qualified to act as cura-
tors," said Mr. Nicholson, "but until they
are curators they cannot possibly have the
same opportunities as the curators for ac«
quainting themselves with the merits of
questions of internal administration. And
of course this is equally true of the entire
body of members — even resident members —
of Convocation. To appeal then to them
against the curators Is to appeal from an
(ad hoc} necessarily more instructed body
to an (ad hoc} necessarily less instructed
body. Is that a prudent thing to do in the
interest of the Bodleian? And what does
any sensible man, who will think of the
matter for half a minute, think of the pro-
posal to direct the internal administration
of any library — let alone the Bodleian — by
a committee of about 400 residents and
5400 non-residents? That is the proposal
that Professor Chandler's appeal to Convo-
cation amounts to — for be it remembered
that if such an appeal can be made once it
can be made an infinite number of times,
whenever a particular curator cannot get
his own way, or for that matter even when
the curators are unanimous. Suppose that
on October 25 a majority of the curators
including Professor Chandler had resolved
to discontinue the subject-catalog. Suppose
that a member of the minority had pub-
lished an appeal to Convocation and had
succeeded in forcing the curators to con-
tinue the catalog against their will. What
then would Professor Chandler have said
about the prudence of such an appeal in
the interests of library-administration?
And yet such an appeal would have been
laudable in comparison with Professor
Chandler's. For in 1879, some time after
the subject-catalog was begun, the curators
went to Convocation for a two years' grant
of £270 a year 'for the purpose of a classi-
fied catalog of the library/ A discussion
and a division took place on the merits of
the question, previously to which Profes-
sor Chandler might most properly have ad-
dressed to Convocation whatever appeal he
chose. Convocation declared by 50 to 16
for the subject-catalog, and it is a perfectly
arguable position to take up that if the
curators had decided on October 25 to
abandon that catalog it would have been
right for one of a dissenting minority to
appeal to the University to lorce them to
resume it. Professor Chandler has no such
justification. I fancy, however, that I hear
Professor Chandler say 'What have you to
do with protesting? It is for the curators,
if for anyone, to protest.' But even a Bod-
ley's librarian has his statutory rights, and
one of those rights is that he is subject to
the direction of a stated committee only —
and that when he has been engaged for
over six years in continuing a work which
was approved by his predecessor, approved
by his curators, assisted by Convocation,
amply reconsidered and reapproved by his
curators, and when that work has been
brought into a state in which it is already
of high practical usefulness to readers who
may avail themselves of it, his curators
shall not be coerced or worried into order-
ing him to abandon it. That is my protest.
If I were to enter into the details of Pro-
fessor Chandler's attack on the subject-
catalog, I trust that I should be able to
absolutely demolish them to the satisfac-
tion of most members of this University,
no less than to the satisfaction of most li-
brarians— if indeed any librarian of prac-
tical experience in the matter requires such
a demolition. And if the need ever arises,
and I am still Librarian, I pledge myself to
do all that in me lies to save the library
from the immense and almost irreparable
disaster threatening it. No one, however,
but a librarian knows what labor of expla-
November, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
807
nation, argument, and collection of opinions
— not given forty or fifty years ago — such
an effort might involve, and no one knows
so well as myself how much (I do not
mean of money, though I should not spare
that) such an effort might cost me. And
for the reasons I have given above I pro-
test against being compelled to make it."
Inasmuch as the memorial address on
Mr. E. W. B. Nicholson, Bodley's librarian
from 1882 to 1912, has already been sum-
marized in the LIBRARY JOURNAL, Novem-
ber, 1913, p. 616-617, and again more
briefly, in the number for September, 1914,
p. 722, it will not be necessary to give here
any details of his career. The address in
question called forth considerable discus-
sion not only on the occasion of its de-
livery at the Bournemouth meeting of the
English Library Association, but also since
then in English library periodicals. Mr.
Falconer Madan said that, as Mr. Nichol-
son's successor and having served under
him for thirty years, he might almost be
expected to say one or two words in appre-
ciation of the address. He called especial
attention to his immense capacity for tak-
ing pains. This was amply illustrated by
the "Staff calendar," which in Nicholson's
day was a most remarkable volume filled
with detailed instructions about everything,
from the sweeping of the back stairs and
"the H," the cleaning of the chimney and
the flues of the Camera, to the winding of
the clocks, the look-out for student bon-
fires and the keeping of an extra pair of
dry shoes and socks at the library! But
the personality of the librarian to whose
care was due this unique annual showed out
from between the lines and in the last one
edited by Mr. Nicholson there is a pathetic
appeal for indulgence and co-operation
from members of the staff in case he should
wish them to take from him an increased
amount of work which he had been hither-
to accustomed to do himself. He said that
his desire was not to do less than his own
proper share of work, but to be able to
find more time for such parts of that work
as could not be deputed to others and so
avoid as far as possible a continuance of
the overpressure which had for years so
affected his sleep as to lead to several break-
downs, the last of which "was so long and
distressful that a recurrence might compel
him to apply in February, 1912, (when he
will have held his office 30 years), to retire
under §3.2 of the Bodleian statute. Now
the Bodleian income is not enough to meet
the ordinary annual expenses of the libra-
ry— what would be the result of loading it
in addition with a pension of £500 a year
for perhaps a quarter of a century to come !
And he feels that his natural health and
strength ought to make such a retirement —
at an age 20 years below that at which Ox-
ford professors often perform their duties
— quite needless. Nor, in the interests of
that extensive scheme of development and
improvement of which the last few years
have seen only a first instalment, does he
think it would be otherwise advantageous
to the library. And if, as he cannot doubt,
the curators of the library and the trustees
of the Oxford University Endowment Fund
kindly continue to minimize as far as in
them lies the pressure and anxiety which
are not altogether to be eliminated from a
period of varied and strenuous progress, he
feels that with the willing co-operation of
the staff he can give the Bodleian much
further work before (if at all) the need
comes to make himself its unwelcome pen-
sioner."
Those who had known the remarkably
sympathetic nature of Dr. Coxe naturally
contrasted Dr. Nicholson with him. There
was a charm of character about the earlier
librarian which his successor did not have.
Added to Mr. Nicholson's aloofness were
the difficulties arising from poor eyesight.
Mr. T. W. Lyster, of the National Library
of Ireland, felt that though his knowledge
of Mr. Nicholson was slight, it gave him
much stimulus. He felt that Mr. Nichol-
son's excessive partiality for detail almost
approached the limits of mania, and Mr.
Lyster supposed that in his later years the
universe and the Bodleian were too much
for Nicholson, just as the universe and its
problems were toward the end too much for
Tolstoi. Mr. Nicholson impressed him as
being a nervous man, with a not unkindly
gruff ness of manner, a man who was al-
ways in haste, whose health was not good,
but who always meant well. He thought
that Mr. Nicholson was a very great libra-
rian. Oxford could hardly have under-
8o8
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[November, 1914
stood him, and certainly his gruffness of
manner could not have been helpful to such
an understanding, but still he did great
things at Oxford, and to a very great ex-
tent revivified a mighty, noble, and ancient
institution, whose size and requirements of
scholarship and management might well
daunt any man, for in the Bodleian many
things were atempted by one brain which
in the British Museum were allotted to
several.
THE READING ROOMS
In 1860 the Radcliffe trustees offered the
use of the building under their control as
a supplementary reading room for the Bod-
leian. This offer was accepted as a most
welcome relief from the congestion which
was evident everywhere in the Bodleian.
The building is a handsome rotunda, em-
bellished with columns and surmounted by
a dome resting on an octagonal base. It
dates from 1737-39 and Freeman called it
"the grandest of all English-Italian de-
signs/' It was originally the home of the
Radcliffe library of medicine and natural
history, founded by Dr. John Radcliffe,
court physician to William III and Mary II.
The main floor was remodelled into a read-
ing-room, open from ten in the morning
till ten at night. The ground floor was also
utilized for the storage of books from the
overflowing Bodleian; the stone floor was
covered with wood, windows were placed
in the hitherto open arches and bookcases
built inside, giving a total book capacity
for the whole building of about 130,000
volumes. In 1909, when a new heating
plant was installed, it was found that a
beam ran into the flue and the authorities
congratulated themselves that the building
had not burned to the ground long before.
Some years previous certain openings in
the dome had been covered with wire net-
ting so as to keep out the birds whose noise
disturbed the readers. When the dome
was examined to find out whether it had not
been damaged by the defective flue, there
was discovered a large accumulation of
twigs and other rubbish carried there by
the birds before the netting was put up.
The surprising amount of 226 bushels of
rubbish was cleared away.
There are two sets of the manuscript
catalog bound up in folio volumes, — one set
kept in the old reading room and the other
in the Radcliffe Camera. Several years
ago Lord Hythe gave £3,000 towards the
expense of the catalog revision, which it is
expected will defray the cost up to the
early part of 1916, when it is believed that
the catalog will be ready for any scheme of
printing which may be adopted. In this
revision one of the chief difficulties is found
in the large groups of anonymous works,
formerly found under such headings as
"Novels," "Journals," "Poesis," "Plays"
and the like. In one year (1909) one as-
sistant ascertained the authorship of 1058
works previously entered as anonymous.
A reader having selected his seat, enters
its number and the number of the book on
his call-slip. The book, is brought as soon
as possible to the reader's desk and is left
there, even if the reader is absent for the
time being, except that manuscripts and es-
pecially valuable books are in such cases
reserved at the counter until the reader
applies for them. Books can be left at the
reader's desk with a protective slip of pa-
per bearing his name and the date, and they
will remain undisturbed for three days, af-
ter which time, if the reader does not re-
turn and alter the date, the books will be
moved to an adjacent place of reserve,
where they will be kept for seven days
more. At the Selden end books with pro-
tective slips are left at the reader's desk
for ten days. Manuscripts and valuable
printed books are never to be left at a seat
but must be given up at the counter where
they are reserved for the reader's use, pro-
vided each volume has a slip bearing the
name and date. In the Camera reading
room, all ordinary books which the reader
desires to reserve must be given up with a
protective slip to the superintendent, who
will reserve them for seven days. If a
reader is likely to be absent for more than
ten, or in the Camera more than seven days,
and wishes to use the same books on his re-
turn, his best course is to keep a list of the
shelf marks of the books and then let them
go back to the shelves, unless special per-
mission is granted to have the books re-
tained. Ordinary books when done with
may either be left at the reader's desk or
given up at the counter on leaving. In both
parts of the library are found suggestion
I.*'
THE QUADRANGLE — BODLEIAN LIBRARY, OXFORD
WHERE THE BODLEIAN LIBRARY HAS OVERFLOWED INTO THE ART GALLERY
November, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
809
books in which readers may enter the title
of any works of permanent value which
they need and which cannot be found in the
general catalog. Such suggestions are wel-
comed, especially if adequate details are
supplied, with an estimate of the value of
the book. They are considered by the li-
brarian every Wednesday and often lead
to the filling up of gaps in the collection.
The quicker delivery of books to readers
is occupying the attention of a committee of
curators. It is admitted that there is a con-
siderable interval of time between the order
for a book and the receipt of it, but the
problem is considered as well nigh insoluble
in a large old library, shelved and housed
as is the Bodleian. The reader naturally
desires a book the moment he has handed
in a call-slip for it; on the other hand, the
volume may be in a distant room, or even
building, and it would require a much larger
staff to enable a messenger to attend to
each individual call as soon as it is handed
in. There are about 380 of these each work-
ing day. The necessary processes of regis-
tering a book have to be gone through, while
the complications of the old collections and
the new classification by subject are con-
siderable, and the state of the finances do
not permit at present of any enlargement
of the staff. The subway, opened April 13,
1914, will of course materially aid in saving
time but, as the librarian says, it cannot be
expected to work wonders. If call-slips
properly filled out are sent to the library
by mail the books may be obtained in ad-
vance and reserved for the readers.
RECENT HISTORY
If both size and importance are taken
into consideration, the Bodleian may be
considered the most important university
library in the world, and the greatest libra-
ry not directly aided by the state. It con'
tains about 2,750,000 printed literary pieces
bound in about 860,000 volumes. There are
in addition some 40,000 manuscripts exclu-
sive of 18,500 separate charters and deeds.
The incunabula number about 5,600, as
contrasted with 11,500 in the British Mu-
seum, 2,800 in Cambridge University Li-
rary and 2,400 in the John Rylands Library,
Manchester.
The manuscripts of five colleges are de-
posited in the Bodleian — University, Jesus,
Hertford, Brasenose and Lincoln. The
last two deposited their manuscripts on the
understanding that they should be kept sep-
arate and called by the name of the college ;
that the loan should be revocable by the
college at any time, but that nothing
should be recalled except by authority
of a college meeting signified in writ-
ing to the librarian or curator of the
Bodleian; that the manuscripts should be
treated with the same care and on exactly
the same footing as Bodleian manuscripts,
except that they should not be sent over to
the Radcliffe and that all applications to
borrow them should be referred to the col-
lege for decision; that the Bodleian should
not be responsible for loss or damage when
reasonable care had been exercised; any
binding or repairs necessary at the time of
the transfer were to be done at the expense
of the college, but all subsequent repairs at
the expense of the Bodleian, and that the
college should have reasonable power of
inspecting the collection.
In Bodley's time there was no copyright
act, but the Founder was farsighted enough
to secure from the Stationers' Company an
agreement whereby copies of new books
were to be sent to the library as issued.
In 1623 or 1624 the Company sent the
sheets of the recently issued first folio edi-
tion of Shakespeare's collected works. The
sheets were sent to the binder and on its
return the book was chained to the shelves
and it appears duly entered in the supple-
mentary catalog of 1635 but not in the cata-
log of 1674. It is supposed that it was
disposed of as superfluous in 1664 when the
second issue of the Third Folio was re-
ceived. It was probably among a lot of
"superfluous library books sold by order
of the curators" for which the library re-
ceived £24 from Richard Davis, an Oxford
bookseller.* Nothing is known of its sub-
sequent history until 1759 when it was
acquired by Mr. Richard Turbutt of Ogston
Hall, Derbyshire, from whose possession it
eventually descended to that of his great-
great-grandson, Mr. W. G. Turbutt. On
Jan. 23, 1905, Mr. G. M. R. Turbutt, the son
*"It is the only one which can be regarded as a
standard exemplar," says Mr. Madan. "It was the
copy selected by the publisher for permanent preserva-
tion."
8io
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[November, 1914
of the owner, brought the book to Mr.
Madan to ask for advice as to having the
binding repaired. Mr. Madan showed it
to Mr. Strickland Gibson, who had made a
study of Oxford bindings and he soon found
proofs of its being the old Bodleian copy.
It was proposed that the book be valued and
purchased for the Bodleian by subscription.
An American collector offered $15,000 for
it and the owner gave the Bodleian the
refusal of it at that price, allowing a
period of five months for raising the
money. There were 823 subscribers and
chief among those who helped to bring the
matter to a successful issue was Sir William
Osier, of whom grateful mention is made.
On October 8 and 9, 1902, the three hun-
dredth anniversary of the foundation of the
Bodleian was fittingly celebrated by the
University. About one hundred and fifty
delegates came from various universities,
libraries, academies and learned bodies of
Europe and America, and there were in
addition sixty specially invited guests. The
public orator, the Rev. Dr. W. W. Merry,
delivered a Latin address in which he dwelt
on the nothingness of 300 years and took
his audience back to the time of Nineveh,
ancient Egypt and Imperial Rome, lament-
ing the wanton ruin and waste of the
barbarian invasions and glorying in the
scholarship of the renaissance. In this ret-
rospective manner he brought out the hu-
manistic interests of Oxford, to the further-
ance of which the Bodleian has been chiefly
devoted. As a memorial of the centenary,
there was issued a beautiful quarto volume
of 50 pages, "Pietas Oxoniensis," con-
taining a life of Bodley, an account of the
University Library before his time, the
foundation of the new "public" library of
the University, the chief gifts to the
library after Bodley's death, the main
transfers and deposits, a list of librarians
and sub-librarians, with a bibliographical
list of printed Bodleian library catalogs.
In 1900 the curators approved a scheme
of extension of the storage space by pro-
viding a large underground two-story stack
between the Bodleian and the Radcliffe
Camera. Authorities on underground con-
struction gave assurance of the security
of such a chamber against damp. The trus-
tees of the Oxford University Endowment
Fund offered to place at the disposal of the
University such a sum as might be required
to defray the cost of construction. By the
end of 1910 the underground stack room
begun in August, 1909, was practically com-
pleted so far as construction, heating, ven-
tilation and structural iron-work were con-
cerned, but money was lacking for the
rolling bookcases. In 1912 two hundred of
these, made by Lucy & Co., Oxford, were
put in place and by pressing some tempo-
rary wooden shelving into service, it was
possible to deposit about 120,000 volumes
in this underground room before the end of
the year. It is expected that £500 a year
will have to be spent on new stacks for the
next twenty-five years in order to keep
pace with the accessions. A subway con-
necting the Bodleian quadrangle with the
Radcliffe Camera was constructed in 1913
and so facilitated the staff passing from one
part of the library to another. This to-
gether with a new book-lift has aided very
materially in the prompt delivery of books
to readers. The yearly accessions for 1913
were 97,795, of which 571 were manu-
scripts. The income for that year was £11,-
700 and the expenditures £12,000. "The
financial position causes anxiety," says the
Bodleian Quarterly Record in its first num-
ber. "A joint committee of council and
curators have been unable to recommend a
reduction of expenditure, if the efficiency of
the library is to be maintained, and an ap-
peal for funds will shortly be issued."
In closing we cannot do better than
quote the lines which Henry Vaughan, the
Silurist, wrote when he visited the library:
Most noble Bodley! we are bound to thee
For no small part of our eternity.
Thy treasure was not spent on horse and
hound,
Nor that new mode, which doth old States
confound.
Thy legacies another way did go :
Nor were they left to those would spend
them so.
This is thy monument! here thou shalt
stand
Till the times fail in their last grain of sand.
And wheresoe'er thy silent reliques keep,
This tomb will never let thine honor sleep,
Still we shall think upon thee; all our
fame
Meets here to speak one letter of thy name :
Thou canst not die! Here thou art more
than safe
Where every book is thy large epitaph.
THE FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF COLLEGE AND
UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES*
BY AZARIAH S. ROOT, Librarian, Oberlin College
IN discussing the future development of
college and university libraries it is neces-
sary for us in the first place to establish a
"base line" from which we can measure the
possibilities of the future. Such a "base
line" can only be obtained by a rapid review
of the achievements of the past.
In 1875 the U. S. Bureau of Education
made the first careful and exact collection
of statistics on the libraries of the United
States. This material was published in the
special report on public libraries issued by
that bureau in 1876. At .various intervals
since, the Bureau of Education has gathered
similar statistics, the last in 1908, published
in Bulletin Number 5 of the year 1909. Be-
tween the first and the last of these reports
there intervenes a period of 33 years, or
exactly that period which we allot to one
human generation. A comparison of these
statistics, therefore, will show what one
generation has been able to accomplish in
this part of the library field and in the light
of that development we may venture to pre-
dict the future development of the college
and university libraries of America.
When we come to compare these statistics
we are at once impressed with the fact that
in 1875 there were few large libraries among
the colleges and universities. Only 18 libra-
ries in the United States had more than
50,000 volumes and of these 18 only two,
Harvard and Yale, were libraries of educa-
tional institutions. In 1908, on the other
hand, there were 54 college and university
libraries which exceeded the 50,000 volume
limit and if to these we add the libraries of
theological, medical, and legal schools, arid
of historical societies, all of which are li-
braries intended to advance work of the
scholarly type, the total aggregates 84.
There were in all 210 libraries in the United
States having more than 50,000 volumes, so
that the libraries of the scholarly type were
40 per cent, of the total. To these, how-
*An address given before the New York Library
Association at Ithaca, Sept. 10, 1914.
ever, should be added such libraries as the
Newberry and the John Crerar of Chicago;
so that it is probably not at all unreasonable
to say that in 1908 at least 50 per cent, of
the libraries exceeding 50,000 volumes
were devoted chiefly to the interests of
scholarly study. This remarkable develop-
ment makes it evident that in the future this
type of library is to be the representative
large library.
Assuming then that the future develop-
ment of large libraries in this country is to
be along lines of college and university re-
search, our next question is as to the prob-
able rapidity of the growth of individual
libraries. Can any general rule of growth
be established by a study of the past? If
we take a concrete instance, for example
Harvard (as being the largest of our uni-
versity libraries), we find the facts to be
these: In 1875 Harvard College Library
proper (distinguishing the collections in
Gore Hall from the other more or less loose-
ly attached collections in Cambridge), num-
bered 154,000 volumes, the avenge annual
additions were 7,000 volumes, and the yearly
expenditures for books, periodicals, and
binding were $9,158. In 1908 the total
number of volumes was 496,256, the vol-
umes added 18,716, the amount spent for
books, periodicals and binding $28,051.
These numbers are approximately three
times the corresponding numbers for 1875.
Comparison of several other institutions
leads me to think that this per cent, is per-
haps too low, the development of the central
library of Harvard having possibly been
held in check by its inadequate central build-
ing, and by the rapid development of its out-
side libraries. A four- fold increase would
seem to be on the whole a truer general
average.
With this rule of development estab-
lished we may now venture to look forward
to the future. With resources approxi-
mately four- fold those of 35 years ago, with
additions also approximately increased four-
812
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[November, 1914
fold, and with a public interest constantly
enlarging, it seems to me we have
every reason to expect that in the next
human generation we may see a four-
fold growth. That is to say in 1941
the majority of our larger educational in-
stitutions are likely to have a library four
times as large as the existing collection.
Harvard in that case will have in its central
building not less than two million volumes.
It will be spending more than $150,000
yearly for the purchase of books and its
staff will have to be large enough to handle
not less than 80,000 volumes of new acces-
sions yearly.
Comparison of the accounts of a number
of university and college libraries leads also
to the determination of another rule, name-
ly : that the amount spent for books, periodi-
cals and binding, multiplied by four will
give the approximate expense of the libra-
ry. While this rule will not apply in every
particular case it does seem to hold true
when applied to a number of libraries. If
this be true, then in the case we have se-
lected for our comparison, the annual ex-
pense in 1941 will be $600,000 or more.
This is more than half the amount now
spent annually by Harvard in the main-
tenance of its art department.
Such figures, it seems to me, give us oc-
casion to stop and to consider the possibili-
ty and the necessity of every sort of co-
operation among the libraries of this type
by means of which cost of maintainance
can be reduced. We have no certainty that
the present era of large gifts to colleges and
universities will continue. Indeed, there
are some reasons for suspecting that it has
already reached its height. But even if
we could expect the continuance of such
generous gifts the obligation would still be
upon us to endeavor in every possible way
to reduce the fixed charges which year by
year prevent any attempt at new lines of
work. All of us who have to do with li-
braries of considerable size are convinced,
I am sure, that we fall far short of the ser-
vice we ought to be rendering; that our li-
brary assistants are too busy in preparing
the books for use to be of much direct ser-
vice in promoting the greater use of books.
Our efforts ought therefore to be directed
toward the study of the reduction of the
cost of preparing the book for use, thus
making available money for increasing the
efficient use of the book. The larger our
universities become, the more specialized
our teachers become. One man, in eco-
nomics for example, devotes himself to the
problems of production, another to the
methods of distribution, etc. The longer
this tendency continues the more difficult it
is going to become for the average in-
structor to really use the library. While
thoroughly understanding the books in his
particular field of work, he will increas-
ingly need help in other fields and some-
times in the general field of which his sub-
ject is a part. It is the realization of this
fact which has prompted in recent years
some of the efforts to furnish more intelli-
gent assistance, as for example the efforts
of Mr. Johnston at Columbia, to provide
bibliographers for departments, and that of
Harvard to establish departmental curators
for the library. It seems to me that more
and more libraries will be compelled to
furnish this intelligent assistance, and un-
less we can reduce our costs at some other
point, we shall be under the necessity of
an even more than four-fold increase for
the current expenses of the library. I ask
you therefore to consider with me a few
possibilities which may in the future help
reduction of the current annual expenses
of our libraries.
The ideal which should prevail, it seems
to me, is the idea of co-operation. Our
libraries are now too individualistic. Each
is interested only in meeting its own prob-
lems. There is comparatively little of actual
co-operation. It is true that, thanks to the
farsighted planning of our national libra-
rian, the Library of Congress has made a
great advance in real co-operation, by mak-
ing available for us its printed cards. I
have been surprised, however, to find how
many larger libraries were not availing
themselves of this co-operation, either be-
cause their methods varied slightly, or for
reasons of supposed economy, or for other
reasons. Many of us have found the effi-
ciency of our cataloging departments enor-
mously increased by the use of the Library
of Congress cards. In my own library I
know not how I could have met our greatly
increased growth, without this aid. But
November, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
813
after we have obtained all the Library of
Congress cards that we can buy, there
still remain in our annual accessions a very
large number of books which each one of
us must catalog. To a slight degree the
Library of Congress has undertaken to meet
this need by printing cards for books which
are not in its library, but the total aggre-
gate for the year of such cards, if I am cor-
rectly informed, is only about 1600. Unless
this part of the service of the Library of
Congress can be greatly accelerated; we
must devise some other method of co-opera-
tion.
Now of the books which we catalog, each
in his own library, I presume it is safe to
say that the greater part are to be found
among others of the 210 libraries having
more than 50,000 volumes. The funda-
mental principle of co-operation in catalog-
ing ought to be that good, scholarly work
done in any one of the 210 libraries should
be available for each of the remaining 209.
How can this be brought about so far as
cataloging is concerned?
Those of us who attended the A. L. A.
Conference in Washington last May were,
I am sure, exceedingly interested in. the ex-
hibit of labor saving devices held in con-
nection with this conference. Among the
appliances thus exhibited I found a me-
chanical duplicator run by electric motor,
self-inking, self-feeding, and with a stencil
which, after use, could be cleaned and filed
and was then available for subsequent use.
Let us suppose each one of the 210 libra-
ries was equipped with one of these ma-
chines, especially adapted for the production
of library cards. The procedure in each
library would then be something like the
following: Having determined, by applica-
tion at the Library of Congress for cards,
that no printed cards were available for the
book, and by that very inquiry having indi-
cated its readiness to make for the use of
other libraries the card for that book, a
slip would be prepared by the cataloging
department showing exactly the form of the
"unit" card for the book. This slip would
be in all respects like the Library of Con-
gress cards, including list of subject head-
ings to be used. The slip when revised
would be turned over to the typist who
would prepare the stencil on a special type-
writer equipped either with letters like
print, or of "elite" size. It would then go
to the duplicator who would manufacture
enough cards for the need of the library for
its accession catalog, shelf catalog, offi-
cial catalog, and public catalog. The
stencil would then be removed, cleaned,
placed in an envelope, and filed under its
numerical number, similar to that of the
Library of Congress, and would a.wait calls
for cards. A card sent to the Library of
Congress could be filed in their search
catalog and would enable the assistant in
the Card Section to see at once that cards
were available for that book and, if there
is authority of law to warrant it, to forward
the slip direct to the supplying library. This
library would run off the number of cards
asked for and mail direct to the applying
library. In this way, if the 210 libraries
would co-operate, there would be before the
end of the first year a very large number of
cards available for the other libraries and
the problem of handling that older material
which is continually coming to our libra-
ries would be greatly simplified.
The work of the cataloger would be
vastly changed by such a plan. Instead of
the mechanical reproduction of the cards
which now constitutes so large a part of her
work, her task would be simply to prepare
the main card and to select the proper sub-
ject headings. Thanks to the Library of
Congress list of subject headings (with
perhaps more frequent bulletins giving sub-
ject headings approved), it ought to be pos-
sible to work out essential uniformity among
libraries. Were the cataloger freed from
the labor of mechanical reproduction it
seems to me it would also be possible for
her to specialize. Our libraries could take
a certain field, as, for example, European
history, and have one or more catalogers
whose business it should be not only to pre-
pare the copy for the new books in this sub-
ject, to be familiar with the literature of
the field and with the books on the shelves,
but also to serve as reference assistants
whenever problems relating to that class of
books arose, and so to tie together the
reference work and cataloging work far
more efficiently than at present is the case.
Eventually such assistants would probably
be selected from among the students in a
8i4
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[November, 1914
particular subject and after a year's prep-
aration in general library methods each
would become a member of the staff for
work in the subject in which she had already
specialized. An incidental advantage that
would also come from such a plan would
be the gradual building up at the Library of
Congress of a great central catalog by
means of which obscure and out of the way
books could be located when needed.
Now whether the above is a mere dream
or whether it is a practicable idea I must
leave to you to judge. It seems to me to be
a possible plan which, no doubt, will require
much further study and working out of
details, but which would be destined to lead
us out from the mechanical lines into which
we have now fallen into a larger liberty and
a greater service. It would give us a staff
far more efficient than at present for assist-
ing the user of books and probably a cata-
log superior to that we are likely to make
by present methods.
Another field wherein co-operation will
affect the future is in the field of reference
work. Every day in our reference deoart-
ments we are preparing for people lists of
books, finding material upon all sorts of out
of the way and unusual subjects, or working
out some perplexing problem as to author-
ship. As to a certain extent the same que-
ries are liable to arise in other libraries, this
work is being done over and over again, ex-
cept in the rare cases where it is put in
print and made available for others. To
give a concrete instance of what I mean:
There is in volume one of the Bulletin of
the Cornell University Library a list of the
series known as Anti-Slavery Tracts, pub-
lished by the American Anti-Slavery So-
ciety. Since most of these were published
anonymously, the list gives on the knowl-
edge and authority of Mr. Samuel May,
an early Anti-Slavery leader, the author-
ship of each pamphlet. Now Cornell Uni-
versity might have obtained this informa-
tion from Mr. May and used it only for its
own catalog. Each library subsequently
endeavoring to understand this puzzling
series would have been compelled to obtain
the same information at much expense of
time by correspondence. The fact, how-
ever, that this list was put in print and
through the distribution of the bulletin
made available has, as I can testify from re-
peated consultation, been of the greatest
use to other American libraries. Are not
similar instances occurring all the time and
could not a great deal of help be given both
to the catalog and reference departments
through the circulation of such information
by the simple means of duplicating the in-
formation and sending it around. These
items filed in a vertical file under subject
would in a little while prove of the greatest
service in other libraries. The cost of du-
plicating with the modern duplicating ma-
chines is but little, and the cost of postage
quite worth while in view of the resulting
benefit to other libraries. Such circulation
of reference material, if generally adopted,
in time ought to greatly simplify the labors
of our reference departments and give us
more time for the solution of bibliographical
problems and for the preparation of special
catalogs. We should be doing a far wider
work in each library, and at the same time
be getting the results of work in all the
other 209 libraries.
There is another way in which I hope
there will be more extensive co-operation
than at present: Each one of us is constant-
ly receiving among other gifts many books,
pamphlets, and magazines which are dupli-
cates. The constant problem is what to do
with them. Methods heretofore employed
have seemed to involve the expenditure of
more time and money than seemed worth
while. On the other hand, each one of us
has and is constantly acquiring incomplete
files of reports of commercial, philanthrop-
ic, religious and other societies. Every now
and then some second-hand dealer comes
along and offers a mere fraction of the real
money value of our duplicates and we ac-
cept it because it seems less bother than to
try and exchange them. Other libraries
from these very dealer's lists are buying, at
prices five to ten times higher than the deal-
er pays, these very books. In the future
we shall take a larger view point than the
mere financial interest of our own library
and see that a piece for piece exchange of
such duplicates will in the long run be the
most advantageous policy for all our libra-
ries. Simple author title-a-line entry lists
duplicated and sent out freely are certain
to carry much of this material where it is
November, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
815
I
wanted and in the long run to bring us back
an equivalent. During the last year I have
been sending out on the first of each month
to about 70 libraries a list averaging each
about 150 titles. Of the first list which I
sent out more than 120 titles were called
for. If among the 210 large libraries of the
country such a friendly co-operation in ex-
change of duplicates could be established,
would not our efficiency be greatly in-
creased and the service which we can ren-
der to the world be broadened?
I am sorry that time fails me to empha-
size other aspects of co-operation which
would affect the future of college and uni-
versity libraries. I wish to close, however,
with one other word related to my topic.
When we see what the larger and greater
libraries of the future are to be, we are sure
to ask ourselves : "Where are the men who
will manage these libraries?" They must
be men of broad vision, men of executive
capacity, men of fertility and ingenuity,
able to do much with little, themselves
scholars in some limited field, and with the
sense of scholarly needs in other fields.
Such men, if they are to be found at all,
must be found among the university and
college graduates of America. Is there not
the imperative duty laid upon us to seek out
such men and to point out to them the op-
portunity and obligation of this service and
thus by every means in our power to provide
the men whose service shall enrich the
learning of the future?
Such then, within the limits of the time
allotted me, are some of the suggestions
which I can bring you as to the future of
our common work. In friendly co-operation
with one another, with a larger viewpoint
than that of our own little library and its
own little interests, let us so work together
that the future of the college and university
libraries of America may be ail and even
more than we have dared to dream.
God be thanked for books. They are
the voices of the distant and the dead, and
make us heirs of the spiritual life of past
ages. Books are the true levellers. They
give to all who will faithfuly use them, the
society, the spiritual presence of the best
and greatest of our race. — WILLIAM EL-
LERY CHANNING.
PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF THE NEW
FEDERAL PRINTING BILL*
ON behalf of the Joint Committee on
Printing, I am pleased to express its thanks
for this opportunity to explain to your round
table the purpose and scope of the printing
bill now pending before Congress. The
purpose, briefly stated, is economy and effi-
ciency, two essentials now sadly lacking in
the public printing and binding and the dis-
tribution of government publications. In
scope, the bill is intended to cover the en-
tire printing activities of the government,
and to assemble in one harmonious act the
multitudinous printing provisions now scat-
tered along through a century of congres-
sional legislation. I take it, however, that
your interest in the bill is chiefly from a li-
brarian's point of view, and shall endeavor
to keep that fact in mind as I present the
provisions that seem to be of special impor-
tance to the libraries of the country.
First, permit me to state, the bill is the
result of almost ten years' investigation and
study of the printing problems of the gov-
ernment. The extravagances and wastes
in the public printing and binding had be-
come so enormous that Congress, in 1905,
created a Printing Investigation Commis-
sion with authority to inquire into the sub-
ject and report such remedial legislation as
seemed proper. That commission caused
the adoption of a number of urgent reforms
in the public printing and binding, largely
as a result of which the annual expenditures
for the Government Printing Office de-
creased almost a million dollars in five years
from the time the commission started to put
the public printing on a sensible business
basis. The commission then concluded its
work with the preparation of the printing
bill, which was first submitted to Con-
gress in 1911 by Senator Smoot, who was
the chairman of the commission. It was
my privilege to be its secretary then.
When the Printing Commission went out
of existence, the Joint Committee on Print-
ing assumed a sort of guardianship over the
printing bill, and, as clerk of that commit-
tee, I have become somewhat familiar with
its trials and tribulations in the effort to
•Paper read at the documents round table during
the A. L. A. conference in Washington, D. C., May
29, 1914.
8i6
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[November, 1914
have Congress enact the measure into law.
The bill, in substantially its present form,
was passed by the Senate in the 62d Con-
gress (April 9, 1912) and was favorably
reported to the House, but the crowded con-
dition of the House calendar prevented any
further action in that Congress.
The Printing Committees of the Senate
and the House, working together through
the Joint Committee on Printing, have per-
fected the bill in numerous details during
the present session of Congress, and have
favorably reported it to their respective
Houses. Senator Fletcher, as chairman of
the Senate Committee on Printing, reported
the bill to that body on April 22, 1914, and
the same day, Representative Barnhart,
chairman of the House Committee on Print-
ing, submitted the bill to the House of
Representatives. The two bills, S. 5340 and
H.R. 15902, are identical in text, as are the
two reports thereon, Senate No. 438 and
House No. 564.
Up to date the two bills are resting quiet-
ly on the calendars of their respective
Houses. The committee has good reason
to believe, however, that the bill will be
enacted into law in some form before the
63d Congress passes into history. Once
free of the legislative jam, it is believed
that the economies proposed in the bill,
amounting to $860,000 annually, will so
appeal to members as to insure its passage
through both Houses. The situation is not
discouraging in view of the fact that it re-
quired three years to get the printing act
of 1895 through Congress.
In brief, the printing bill covers five gen-
eral subjects, which may be grouped as fol-
lows:
1. The Joint Committee on Printing and
its supervision over the public printing
and binding and distribution of govern-
ment publications.
2. The Government Printing Office, its
officers and employes, and their duties.
3. Printing and binding and the distribu-
tion of publications for Congress.
4. Distribution of government publica-
tions to libraries, and other functions
of the superintendent of documents.
5. Printing and binding for the various
departments and provisions relating to
their publications.
THE JOINT COMMITTEE ON PRINTING
As it comes first in the bill, I shall begin
with a discussion of the provisions relating
to the Joint Committee on Printing. The
bill provides, as does the present law, that
the Joint Committee shall consist of three
senators and three representatives. This
makes the committee a statutory body and
not a legislative committee created by the
rules of either House. Its functions are en-
tirely administrative, dealing largely with
the purchase of paper and other material
for the Government Printing Office. The
committee is also vested with supervision
over such publications as the Congressional
Record, the Congressional Directory, memo-
rial volumes, and the publications of the
Patent Office. It has the additional power,
under the present law, to "adopt such meas-
ures as may be deemed necessary to remedy
any neglect or delay in the execution of the
public printing and binding." This broad
authority really makes the Joint Commit-
tee a board of directors for the Government
Printing Office. It will thus be seen that
the committee is strictly a business organi-
zation.
There is only one other committee of
Congress that has been assigned ministerial
duties by law. I refer to the Joint Com-
mittee for the Library (of Congress), which
exercises general supervision over the ex-
penditures of the library as well as its rela-
tions with Congress, and, oddly enough, also
has charge of the appropriations for the
Botanic Garden. Thus, the Government
Printing Office, the Congressional Library,
and the Botanic Garden occupy similar posi-
tions in the organization of the government
so far as their peculiar relations to Congress
are concerned.
The Joint Committee on Printing was
created by Congress in 1846 to supervise
the printing for the two houses which was
then done by private contractors. From
time to time, Congress has added to the du-
ties of the committee; and the pending bill
proposes to complete its supervision over
the public printing and binding by filling
in the minor gaps, so as to make definite,
beyond all question, the control by Congress,
through the Joint Committee, over the
Government Printing Office, which neces-
sarily must be immediately responsive to
November, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
817
the requirements of the legislative branch
of the government.
Section 2, paragraph i, of the bill, pro-
vides that the Joint Committee, in addition
to its present power "to remedy any neglect
or delay in the public printing and binding,"
shall also have similar authority in regard
to the distribution of government publica-
tions. This section confers on the commit-
tee the additional power to remedy the "du-
plication or waste" in the public printing
and binding and the distribution of govern-
ment publications. Every person conversant
with public documents must know that there
is an unnecessary and an increasing dupli-
cation in many of them with a consequent
great waste in printing. For example, the
Public Health Service, the Department of
Agriculture, the Children's Bureau, the Bu-
reau of Education, and the Bureau of Medi-
cine and Surgery of the Navy Department,
are all issuing publications relating to health
topics, sanitation, and certain diseases. The
Bureau of Education and the Department
of Agriculture are both dabbling in the field
of school gardening. The Geological Sur-
vey and the Bureau of Mines, in the same
department, are overlapping in their publi-
cations. There is little or no effort for col-
laboration in the preparation of government
publications upon subjects that may come
under the scope of two or more branches of
the service. The Joint Committee has a
broad and busy field before it, if Congress
gives it authority to remedy duplications and
wastes in the printing and distribution of
public documents.
The bill also confers on the Joint Com-
mittee authority to make investigations at
any time into all matters pertaining to the
public printing and binding and the distri-
bution of government publications and to
report thereon to Congress from time to
time. This makes the committee a con-
tinuous investigating body, which appears
to be necessary to curb the constant ten-
dency toward printing extravagances.
There have been a score of investigations
into the public printing, each of which has
been followed by a period of economy
for a few years and then a recurrence of
the old extravagances and wastes. It is
hoped by having the Joint Committee con-
stantly on the watch in the future, that the
proposed reforms and economies can be
made effective and permanent.
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
Sections 4 to 44 relate particularly to the
purchase of paper, machinery, materials, and
supplies for the Government Printing Of-
fice, its organization, principal officers and
employes, and various duties of the public
printer. I take it that these sections are
not of special interest to you at this time
and shall, therefore, pass over them with
brief mention of one item, that of paper.
The Government Printing Office uses about
30,000,000 pounds of paper a year for print-
ing and binding purposes. This immense
quantity of paper, costing approximately
$1,250,000 annually, is all purchased under
the supervision of the Joint Committee on
Printing. The committee fixes the stand-
ards, directs the procuring of proposals, re-
ceives and opens the bids, awards the con-
tracts, and then acts as a court of last re-
sort in hearing appeals from contractors
whose paper may have been rejected by the
public printer for not conforming to the
government standard. Most of these duties
relating to paper purchases date back to the
printing act of July 27, 1866. The Joint
Committee on Printing was practically the
pioneer in adopting definite standards for
material purchased by the government. Its
standards are now being adopted by users
of paper throughout the country and are not
excelled by any other government in the
world.
CONGRESSIONAL DOCUMENTS
The method by which either House of
Congress orders its documents printed is
prescribed in section 44. It follows the
general line of present procedure with cer-
tain restrictions that are intended to check
the so-called "unanimous consent" printing
by which a member may, on his own mo-
tion, have almost anything he fancies print-
ed as a congressional document, unless some
other member happens to object. In the last
two years, one member of Congress has
caused an expenditure of fully $70,000 for
printing ordered by the courtesy of "unani-
mous consent." There have been other simi-
lar instances. The committee believes that
the printing of congressional documents
should be properly and carefully considered
8i8
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[November, 1914
and it proposes that practically all matter
submitted for printing as a document shall
first be reported upon by the Printing Com-
mittee of the respective House before it be-
comes embalmed with printer's ink at the
expense of the public.
Provision is made in section 44, paragraph
i, that the "usual number" of a congression-
al document for distribution purposes shall
include the principal officers of Congress
and the departments, the Senate and House
document rooms, the depository libraries
and the Washington newspaper correspon-
dents. The "usual number" at present is
approximately 1,345 copies, varying with
the number of depository libraries. The
"usual number" under the proposed bill
will be about 1,800 copies, varying with
the number of libraries and newspaper cor-
respondents to be supplied. An order to
print a congressional document carries with
it simply the "usual number" of copies un-
less an extra number of copies are author-
ized by the resolution, in which event the
copies so provided for are printed in addi-
tion to the regular number. This insures a
definite distribution for every publication
printed as a congressional document.
The bill continues the four series of con-
gressional publications, namely, Senate
Documents, Senate Reports, House Docu-
ments, and House Reports. It proposes an
important change, however, in regard to the
printing of departmental publications as
numbered documents of Congress. Under
the present law, every document and report,
departmental or otherwise, ordered printed
by Congress is included in its numbered se-
ries, with the exception that copies of an-
nual and serial publications originating in
a department are not included in the num-
bered congressional sets distributed to de-
pository libraries, but are designated by
title the same as the departmental edition.
This has resulted in much useless and costly
duplication and endless confusion in the
cataloging of public documents for library
purposes, as you undoubtedly know. The
bill proposes the following remedy:
"Provided, That no publication author-
ized by law or issued by any executive de-
partment, independent office, or establish-
ment of the Government shall be printed
as a numbered document or report of Con-
gress, but shall be designated by its original
title if reprinted by order of either House,
except that reports required by law or reso-
lution to be submitted to Congress, or either
House thereof, and printed shall be desig-
nated for all purposes as numbered docu-
ments thereof and shall be bound the same
as other congressional documents, and all
reprints of congressional publications shall
bear the original title and number thereof."
The purpose of this provision is to in-
clude in the congressional numbered series
all those publications that are printed pri-
marily for the use and the information of
the Congress and to confine to departmental
editions those publications that are not re-
quired to be submitted to the Congress. It
also insures one edition or title to a govern-
ment publication by providing that all re-
prints, whether by the Congress or the de-
partments, shall bear the original title or
number. Such publications as the Geologi-
cal Survey's monographs, bulletins, water
supply and professional papers, the bulle-
tins of bureaus of ethnology and fisheries,
and those of the Hygienic Laboratory and
the Yellow Fever Institute, will not be con-
tinued in the congressional numbered series
under the new act. The annual reports of
the departments and those required by law
to be submitted to Congress and printed,
will, however, be issued only as congres-
sional numbered documents, as they are
considered of prime importance for legis-
lative purposes.
COMMITTEE HEARINGS AND BULLETIN
Committee hearings and publications are
to have a regular distribution, including de-
pository libraries, if section 50 of the bill is
enacted into law. The committee recognizes
that hearings are coming to occupy a more
and more important part in the proceedings
of Congress ; in fact, substantially all impor-
tant legislation is now based upon such
hearings, and it has been decided that they
ought to be insured proper publicity and
preservation by regular distribution to the
libraries of the country. Provision is made
that the hearings and publications of each
committee or commission shall be numbered
consecutively throughout a Congress. All
except "confidential" hearings, of which
there probably will be few in the future,
are included in the distribution.
November, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
819
A bulletin of committee hearings is pro-
vided for in paragraph 3 of section 50.
This bulletin is to be issued daily during the
sessions of Congress and prepared under
the direction of the Joint Committee, which
also has charge of its distribution. In addi-
tion to a schedule of committee hearings,
the bulletin is to contain such other an-
nouncements relating to Congress, its com-
mittees and commissions, as the Joint Com-
mittee may deem appropriate to publish.
Strong arguments have been made for the
publication of such a bulletin. It fits in
with the growing movement for greater
publicity of the doings of the committees
of Congress, the registration of lobbyists,
and the public distribution of the printed
hearings.
JOURNALS OF CONGRESS
Under the present law, the superintend-
ent of documents may designate three libra-
ries in each state and territory as special
depositories of the Journals of the Senate
and the House of Representatives. These
Journals contain simply the parliamentary
proceedings of each House, and are be-
lieved to be of little or no value in the
average library. The committee decided to
restrict their distribution to each state and
territorial library on application. An in-
quiry developed the fact that 1 1 of the libra-
ries receiving the Journals did not desire
them, while 33 others were not sufficiently
interested to reply. There are now 141
libraries on the Journal list.
SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS
Sections 57 to 68, inclusive, relate espe-
cially to the superintendent of documents as
the sales agent for government publications
and the distributer of documents for the de-
partments and the Congress and to newspa-
per correspondents and depository libraries.
The office of the superintendent of docu-
ments is increasing in importance and, if
the pending bill becomes a law, it will soon
correspond in rank to that of the public
printer. The committee has proposed in
the bill that hereafter the superintendent of
documents shall be appointed by the Presi-
dent and confirmed by the Senate, thus giv-
ing opportunity always to secure the best
fitted man in the country for the place,
whether he happens to be in or out of the
government service.
Congress in 1912 placed the distribution
of all departmental publications in the hands
of the superintendent of documents. This
centralized distribution was first proposed
by the Printing Committee when it submit-
ted the printing act of 1895 by which the
office of the superintendent of documents
was created. The provision is included in
the pending bill with a slight modification
permitting the departments to supply certain
individual requests that may be received
subsequent to the regular mailing list distri-
bution.
The superintendent of documents is made
the sole sales agent for all government pub-
lications, except certain charts, maps, navi-
gation publications, and patent specifica-
tions. The sale of government publications
is rapidly increasing and the day is ap-
proaching when practically every depart-
mental publication will be placed on a sales
basis. The bill opens the way by providing
that any department may permanently dis-
continue the free distribution of any of its
publications, which shall thereafter be sold
by the superintendent of documents. The
Department of Commerce already is plac-
ing many of its publications on a sales ba-
sis and has met with general approval of the
plan. In the interest of education and pub-
licity regarding governmental affairs, it
seems desirable that the free distribution
of publications by Congress should continue
for a time, but the proposed valuation plan
for congressional distribution is a marked
step toward the ultimate sale of all govern-
ment publications. Placing public docu-
ments on a sales basis, undoubtedly will in-
crease the importance and the value of
their library distribution.
DEPOSITORY LIBRARIES
Depository libraries are designated under
section 64 of the bill. They include the
libraries of each executive department, the
United States Military and Naval Acad-
emies, each state and territory, the District
of Columbia, the Philippines, Porto Rico,
the Pan American Union, each land-grant
college (67 in number), the office of the
superintendent of documents, the Historical
Library and Museum of Alaska, the Ameri-
820
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[November, 1914
can Antiquarian Society of Worcester,
Mass, (designated in 1814 as the first de-
pository of public documents), and one li-
brary in each congressional district and
territory and two at large for each state.
This makes a total possible designation of
663 libraries, of which only 474 have been
named to date.
It will be noticed that the bill takes the
future designation of libraries, other than
those specifically named in the act, from
senators and members and lodges this privi-
lege with the superintendent of documents.
Members of Congress have had the right to
designate libraries as depositories of gov-
ernment publications ever since 1858. That
privilege was greatly curtailed, however,
by the sundry civil appropriation act of
June 23, 1913, making all existing designa-
tions permanent. It is believed that the
permanency of designation and the making
of futufe selections by the superintendent
of documents will remove the depository li-
braries entirely from the field of partisan
politics and insure their becoming, what was
originally intended, fixed places where the
people may have free access to any of the
publications of their government. The
proposition to make the library designations
permanent was originally submitted to Con-
gress in the printing bill, but its earlier
enactment was due to a desire to protect
the existing depositories in the rearrange-
ment of congressional districts occasioned
by the new apportionment.
SELECTION PLAN
Perhaps the next most important pro-
vision as regards the depository libraries is
that which permits them to select in advance
the publications that the superintendent of
documents shall send to them. The selec-
tion plan is contained in paragraph 2 of sec-
tion 64. The committee hopes that it will
put an end to the enormous waste of docu-
ments that the depository libraries are
either unwilling or unable to place on their
shelves. During the last 20 years more
than 14,000,000 government publications
have been distributed to the depository li-
braries throughout the country. In the
same period, fully 2,000,000, or an average
of 100,000 a year, of these publications have
been returned to the superintendent of docu-
ir.eiits by the depository libraries. That the
libraries should thus reject 15 per cent of
the publications sent to them by the govern-
ment, clearly indicates the necessity for the
proposed change in the method of library
distribution.
A recent inquiry shows that 276 deposi-
tory libraries are ready to adopt the selec-
tion plan, while 198 desire to continue
receiving all the publications of the govern-
ment. The superintendent of documents
has taken steps already toward putting the
plan into operation.
The selection plan, as proposed in the
bill, provides that if any designated deposi-
tory desires to receive a copy of every gov-
ernment publication available for library
distribution, it shall be supplied therewith,
if, in the opinion of the superintendent of
documents, it is prepared to make all such
documents accessible to the public. It is
expected that, under this provision, the su-
perintendent of documents will see to it that
the future distribution to libraries is made
in accordance with their capacity to handle
the publications of the government.
Practically every publication issued by the
government is made available for depository
library distribution by section 65, which in-
cludes those not bearing a congressional
number, the numbered documents and re-
ports having been provided for in section
46, paragraph 6. In fact, about the only
publications that will not be available for
depository distribution are the bills and
Journals of Congress, reports and digests
of the United States courts, and patent
specifications and drawings. The bill also
provides, in section 69, that a copy of the
daily Congressional Record shall be sent to
each depository library, as well as a set of
the bound Records.
The superintendent of documents is au-
thorized by section 64, paragraph 4, to sup-
ply duplicate copies to any depository libra-
ry whose government publications have been
destroyed by fire or other unavoidable cause.
He is also authorized to distribute surplus
documents to such other libraries as are
suitable custodians of government publica-
tions for free public use. A somewhat simi-
lar provision is contained in the present law
which provides that the so-called "remain-
der libraries" shall be named by members
of Congress.
November, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
821
The binding of congressional documents
and reports for the depository libraries is
under the direction of the Joint Committee
on Printing, as at present. You may re-
member that the committee adopted the
present buckram binding in 1908 after an
extended conference with prominent libra-
rians and members of this association.
There is some suggestion of doing away
with the special depository binding, except
for the smaller documents and reports, and
of distributing the depository copies in the
same binding as the extra copies printed for
the use of Congress. I understand that the
superintendent of documents has adopted
the original binding for all annual and serial
publications of the departments that are now
sent to the depository libraries. The pend-
ing bill provides that the binding of all pub-
lications for library as well as congressional
distribution shall be under the direction of
the Joint Committee, which would be pleased
to hear your views on the original-binding
idea. Such a plan should result in the de-
livery of bound documents to the libraries
at the same time as the original distribution
is made. It would be a great economy to
the government and might result in less con-
fusion to librarians and the reading public
by providing only one form of binding and
back title for any given publication.
DUPLICATION IN DISTRIBUTION
Section 66 of the bill is intended to pre-
vent unnecessary duplication in the distri-
bution of government publications to libra-
ries. The Printing Commission investigated
the departmental mailing lists a few years
ago and found 2166 duplications of deposi-
tory libraries on the various lists. The De-
partment of Agriculture alone, by striking
184 depository lib-aries from its mailing
lists, saved more than 220,000 copies of
various publications in one year. It is rec-
ognized that some of the larger libraries
have need for duplicate copies of certain
publications, and provision is made for that
emergency in section 66, but the request for
such a duplicate must originate with the
library itself. The departments are re-
quired to revise their mailing lists every
three months and strike off the names of all
depository libraries, except such as specifi-
cally request duplicate copies of a publica-
tion. With the prompt dispatch of deposi-
tory copies in the original binding, it is not
thought that the libraries will have the same
need to request duplicate copies of the de-
partments that they have had in the past.
PATENT PUBLICATIONS
By including a provision from the print-
ing bill in the sundry civil appropriation act,
approved August 24, 1912, Congress abol-
ished the so-called "library edition" of pat-
ent specifications and drawings. This edi-
tion consisted of three volumes, each larger
than a Webster's dictionary, which were
sent monthly to every state and territorial
capitol and the clerk of each United States
district court. The edition cost $65,000 a
year, and a careful inquiry developed the
fact that the volumes were of practically
no service to anyone. There is a demand,
however, for patent specifications and draw-
ings in some of the larger manufacturing
cities, and to meet this situation, the print-
ing bill proposes that the commissioner of
patents may furnish one public library in
each state with a complete set of patent
specifications and drawings for free public
inspection, at the nominal price of $50 per
annum. It costs the government, on an
average, $435 a year to print a set of patent
specifications and drawings. They make
10 or ii volumes a month and will cost be-
tween $200 and $300 for the necessary bind-
ing, which must be done by the library it-
self. The commissioner of patents recent-
ly submitted an amendment to remove the
limitation of one library per state, arguing
that, in such states as New York and Penn-
sylvania, at least two cities ought to be
permitted to have a set of patent specifica-
tions for public library use. It is quite likely
the bill will be amended so as to extend the
privilege to not to exceed three libraries in
a state.
The bill also proposes to abolish the
Patent Gazette libraries, but this publication
will be available for the regular deposi-
tory libraries. Under the present law, each
senator and member is entitled to designate
eight libraries to receive the weekly Patent
Office Gazette. The Printing Commission
investigated this distribution in 1910 and
found that out of 3,201 libraries then re-
ceiving the Gazette, 925 stated they had no
822
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[November, 1914
use for it, and 702 others did not take
enough interest in the publication to reply
to the commission's inquiry. Consequently
1,627 libraries were stricken from the Ga-
zette mailing list on the recommendation of
the commission. Recently, the superinten-
dent of documents reported that there were
only 1,619 libraries on the Gazette list out
of a possible designation of 4,264, clearly
indicating the small interest in this publica-
tion. It is believed that the distribution to
depository libraries will fill every need.
GEOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS
The bill likewise proposes to abolish the
special depositories for geological publica-
tions. Under the present law each senator
and member is entitled to designate four
public libraries in his state to receive the
monographs, bulletins, and reports of the
Geological Survey. The Printing Commis-
sion investigated these libraries in 1910. It
found that out of 1,008 designated libraries,
158 had no use for the geological publica-
tions, 145 others expressed a desire to make
selection of such geological publications as
they wanted, while 189 others failed to make
any response. The superintendent of docu-
ments reported recently that he had only 716
libraries on his geological depository list
out of a possible designation of 2,132. It
seems apparent that the distribution of the
geological publications to the regular de-
positories will be sufficient.
LAW LIBRARIES
The distribution of the United States Re-
vised Statutes and Supplements, the Stat-
utes-at-Large, and the Session Laws of Con-
gress will be made by the superintendent of
documents. The present law provides that
the secretary of state and the secretary of
the interior shall make certain distribution
of the Revised Statutes and Supplements
and that the secretary of state shall make
the general distribution of the Statutes-at-
Large and the Session Laws, while copies
of the same for state supreme court libra-
ries shall be distributed by the Department
of Justice — a rather perplexing procedure.
The bill adds state supreme court libra-
ries to the distribution of the Revised Sta-
tutes and Supplements. It also provides
that copies of the Statutes-at-Large and
Session Laws shall be sent to the library
of "the court of last resort of each state."
The present law makes this distribution to
the "state supreme court libraries/' but as
there has been confusion in some states as
to which library is intended by the term
"state supreme court," the Committee de-
cided to use the designation "court of last
resort of each state," which can leave no
doubt as to the library intended as a de-
pository of the federal statutes.
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD INDEX
Undoubtedly you will be pleased to learn
that the committee has adopted the sugges-
tion of the American Library Association
that a table of contents be provided for
the daily Congressional Record. This is
provided for in section 69, which relates to
the publication of the Record. The com-
mittee in its report on the bill quotes at
length the resolution adopted by the official
council of your association on January 2,
1914, urging the insertion of a table of con-
tents in the daily Record. Perhaps the prob-
lem of its preparation will be less difficult
if the committee is successful in its propo-
sition to restrict the Record to substantially
a verbatim report of the proceedings of
Congress and the elimination of all extra-
neous matter. It is believed that the Rec-
ord can be reduced at least one-fifth of its
present size, if properly confined to the ac-
tual proceedings of Congress and not made
the dumping ground for everything that
someone happens to want to get into print
at government expense for one reason or
another, chiefly because the franking privi-
lege accompanies such publication.
CONGRESSIONAL VALUATION PLAN
In conclusion, I want to call your atten-
tion to the proposed valuation plan for the
distribution of government publications by
senators and members. It is the most radi-
cal change in regard to the distribution of
public documents included in the bill. As
you undoubtedly know, documents now
printed for distribution by members of Con-
gress are allotted to them in quotas, each
member of the House receiving the same
number of a given document as every other
member, and each senator the same
number as every other senator. For ex-
November, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
823
ample, under the present law, 1,000 copies
of the annual report of a department are
printed for the use of the Senate, and 2,000
copies for the use of the House. This
makes the quota for each senator 10 copies
and for each representative, 4 copies.
Similar division is made of every document
printed for distribution by Congress, regard-
less of the varying interests of members in
such publications. For instance, a member
from North Dakota receives as many docu-
ments relating to the production of cotton
as a member from Georgia, and a member
from Georgia gets as many wheat publica-
tions as a North Dakota member. A sena-
tor from Idaho receives as many documents
relating to navigation as a senator from a
sea-coast state, and, on the other hand, a
senator from Florida has as many publica-
tions about the irrigation of arid lands, as
a senator from Arizona. Such a ridiculous
system has resulted in the enormous accu-
mulation, from tirrie to time, of documents
that have remained undistributed in the
folding rooms of Congress until they have
become obsolete and utterly worthless ex-
cept as waste paper. In 1910, the House
folding room became so congested with such
documents that it had to get rid of more
than 1,000,000 to find room for the incom-
ing current publications. The Senate has
just disposed of nearly 900,000 obsolete and
useless documents that its members failed
to distribute. The committee has figured
that this waste of public documents is cost-
ing the government fully $125,000 a year.
The estimate does not include the thousands
of useless documents that senators and
members send out to their constituents sim-
ply because they have nothing else to dis-
tribute and which, undoubtedly, are prompt-
ly consigned to was^e-baskets and stoves in
as many thousands of homes throughout the
land.
To check this vast waste, the committee
has worked out a plan of allotting public
documents to senators and members on a
valuation basis. The committee ascertained
that the average reprint value of documents
allotted to senators in the last nine years
was approximately $2,200 per annum, and
to members, $1,800 per annum. It is pro-
posed to place a similar amount to the cred-
it of each senator and member with the
superintendent of documents annually. The
bill provides that these credits shall be avail-
able only for the purpose of obtaining gov-
ernment publications for free public distri-
bution and they shall be charged to each
member at a uniform price based on the
reprint cost. The document credits cannot
be converted into cash, neither are they
transferable from one member to another,
and the unused balance at the end of a
year lapses to the government.
Certain stock publications for valuation
distribution are specified in the bill. Other
publications can be made available for such
distribution only by concurrent resolution
of Congress, except that a member may ob-
tain not to exceed two copies of any docu-
ment the superintendent may have on hand
and have the same charged to his valuation
account. The Congressional Record is not
included in the valuation distribution, each
member being accorded the same quota of
that publication as at present.
The entire valuation distribution is placed
under the supervision of the superintendent
of documents, who is authorized to reprint
government publications in such editions as
may be required for that purpose, but the
right to reprint is restricted to two years, so
as to impel distribution before the publi-
cations become obsolete. Many prominent
publishers have approved the plan as a busi-
ness-like arrangement. It gives the member
an opportunity to supply his constituents
with such publications as are of special in-
terest to them and this alone ought to be of
immense benefit to the government in dis-
tributing the information it has acquired,
at great cost, among the very people it most
desires to reach. The plan is rapidly grow-
ing in popularity among members of Con-
gress and the committee has every reason to
believe that it can be put into successful
operation. GEORGE H. CARTER,
Clerk, Joint Committee on Printing.
THE NEW QUARTERS OF THE LOS
ANGELES PUBLIC LIBRARY
IF a modern public library should play
a large, vital and intimate part in the work-
aday life of the people, few if any library
buildings give this idea such complete ex-
pression as does Los Angeles in the new,
rented quarters which it has occupied since
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[November, 1914
June i. Some of the problems of fitting
into rented space a library which circulates
1,600,000 volumes a year, in a way to give
the sort of service which the public likes,
may be of interest, especially in the light
of a three months' trial. The present lease
is for seven years, with a three year re-
newal privilege. The rental is $22,000 a
year for 50,000 square feet. This provides
shelving for 50,000 more books, and table
space for 300 more readers than in the
quarters formerly occupied.
The building, whose upper three floors
are used by the library, is a new office (or
loft) building. "Fifth and Broadway" is
in the very heart of the rental and office
.section, and by the consensus of opinion
is the busiest • and most centrally located
corner in the city. Without climbing any
steps, readers can walk from the sidewalk
to the express elevators, and out of them
to the receiving desk, thence to the open
shelves, have their books charged, and re-
turn to the sidewalk in the space of two or
three minutes, and as an ordinary proced-
ure. This time-saving service is something
which the public appreciates very highly,
and suggests a feature which deserves to
be carried out in more of the permanent
library buildings, whose architects are in-
clined to put entrance steps, stairways,
corridors and formality in the way of the
patrons. Another feature (unsuccessfully
attempted, so far, on account of high rent-
als) offers a suggestion for permanent
buildings, namely the encouraging of cer-
tain organizations to secure space on ad-
joining floors of the building.
The time may come when large public
libraries will not only have their busiest
departments on the street level and near
the entrance, and have quick access to up-
per floors by elevator, but will contain of-
fices and work rooms, and union lecture
halls, for the use of scientific and literary
associations, advertising clubs, teachers'
clubs, and the like, at nominal rentals.
These may have been operating libraries or
research bureaus that could be managed by
the public library with greater results and
less expense to both parties.
Reference to the plans of the eighth and
ninth floors shows the solution of the two
main problems of arrangement, namely, the
provision for open access to books, and the
relative location and partial combining of
reference and circulating features. One of
the great faults of the former quarters was
the distance between the main card cata-
log and book stacks, and the reference
room. The most zealous scholar, as well
as the impatient school girl, was discour-
aged from the reference use of books by
being largely limited to the collection in the
reference room itself. The building up
and emphasizing of a working collection of
books in the reference room itself had the
inevitable result of barring from circula-
tion hundreds of titles which were not ref-
erence in character, but only one copy of
which could be afforded.
In the same way, the periodical depart-
ment was distant from both circulation and
reference departments. The reference use
of books and magazines together, so highly
desirable and necessary, was only possible
at much inconvenience, especially in the
fields of art, applied science and sociology.
So irksome was this previous lack of con-
nection between the two features of the
work, that in the present plans it has been
remedied to a large degree.
The limited amount of space on single
floors in the new quarters, made necessary
a separation of adult books. The juvenile
books, and the newspapers and reading-
room copies of popular magazines were
placed on the seventh floor, together with
the offices, staff rooms and work depart-
ments. This left all of the circulating and
reference books for adult readers to be
divided between the eighth and ninth floors.
The theory in this planning was that for
the best and fullest results to readers the
basis of division should be the most con-
venient use of the books, rather than the
distinction between reference and circulat-
ing books and magazines; that it is imma-
terial whether books are studied or read in
the library building or at home; that it is
important that the reader secure all the lit-
erature on his subject, in whatever form
the literature may be, without loss of ener-
gy or time.
The size and shape of the available
space allowed the carrying out of the plan
with some subjects, though not all. Ac-
cordingly the literature on several broad
THE CIRCULATION DESK, LOS ANGELES PUBLIC LIBRARY
;-*iiii!
November, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
825
subjects was placed on the ninth floor. The
circulating and reference collections and
the bound and unbound magazines on pure
and applied science are combined in the
newly created industrial department. The
material on art and music is in the same
way collected in the new art department.
The former document department has been
enlarged by adding to it all the literature
in the "300*5", and is now called the soci-
ology department. There is no barrier be-
tween it and the industrial department, to
which it stands next and is closely related.
Inquirers for literature on mining and
agriculture, for instance, can receive the
benefit of all the books and magazines
in the industrial department, and at the
same point will be handed the bulletins and
reports wnich the sociology department
may have. A space in the sociology depart-
ment has been set aside for the literature
and readers on education. As an adjunct
to the art department there is a sound-
proof room, for the use of a piano. The
same room is also available, at certain
hours, as a study club room for the group
study of the books from any part of the
Library.
In the new quarters of the Los Angeles
Public Library all the books which the
average reader wishes to see, are on open
shelves. The document collection and the
magazine portion of the reference collection
are alone shut off from the public, and this
only by gates, which may be passed by any-
one who has need for visiting the shelves.
The reference use of books and the plac-
ing of books on open shelves having been
provided for, the next problem was to de-
vise a plan whereby patrons in the circula-
tion department could have any specified
books brought to them, or such definite di-
rections given that they could find any
book. It is well known that only a small
portion of readers, left to themselves, can
find their own books, even when provided
with book numbers from the catalog. The
plan decided upon was as follows: An "in-
formation desk" distinguished by signs,
stands prominently in the very center of the
open space (shown in the illustration of
the circulation department). Readers nat-
urally go directly to this desk in need of
help. The card catalog is behind the in-
formation desk, and in many cases the in-
formation assistant helps readers find book
numbers. Three assistants are scheduled
"in the stacks," making their headquarters
at three seats, which are at the outer edge
of the open space. One of the seats is
shown near the card catalog, in the view
of the department. The sign on the column
above the seat reads "Ask here for assist-
ance." When no one is scheduled for this
work, the sign is reversed, and then reads
"Ask at the information desk for help in
finding books." One of the three seats is
near the fiction stacks, the second is near
the works of literature, the third (shown
in the illustration) is near the travel, his-
tory and biography. The three assistants
go to the shelves, find books, or find and
suggest substitutes, and devote their time
to seeing that readers are satisfied. The
system of having pages bring books by
call slips has never been used in Los An-
geles. Trained assistants have always
brought books, and talked directly with the
borrowers, answering questions and mak-
ing suggestions about books. The plan,
although more expensive, is much more sit-
isfactory to the public, and has a decided
tendency to get better books read.
As a further aid in directing readers,
each section of book case is numbered in
white figures, and schedules of location are
kept on the information desk and at the
card catalogs. Well lettered labels are used
on the ends of the book cases, also.
From the foregoing description of the
methods of handling the "open shelf" prob-
lem, it will be seen that with the circulating
books on literature, travel, history, biog-
raphy, philosophy, and literature, as well as
with the fiction and circulating magazines,
an attempt has been made to give the same
personal, intensive service which character-
izes the work of the special departments on
the ninth floor. Lack of funds makes it
impossible to carry out the plan fully.
Three, and sometimes only one or two,
assistants can be detailed to pass through
the stacks and direct readers. The pages,
who merely shelve and "straighten" the
books, are of considerable aid in answering
questions as to location of books, but they
do not volunteer any information.
The loss of books at the former location,
826
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[November, 1914
UPPR PLAN
- or tt\« -
L<?5 ANGELES PuRLtc LIBRARY
3;= rioor JtctrepoUhnx Ifcld/j •
PLAN OF THE EIGHTH (MAIN) FLOOR, SHOWING THE CIRCULATION AND REFERENCE DEPARTMENTS
on account of having three exits from the
library, made the problem of supervision a
very pressing one, and possibly more
thought has been given this than in most
libraries. All use of books by adults is
limited to the eighth and ninth floors, and
partly because it seemed desirable to center
all the charging and returning of books on
the delivery desk on the eighth floor, the
ninth floor entrance was permanently closed,
and no elevators stop on the ninth floor.
By this means all entrance and exit is on
the eighth floor, the ninth floor departments
being reached by easy stairways. From the
elevators to the reference room door is a
straight passage, interrupted only by a
double brass turnstile, the arms of which
run on ball bearings. These turnstiles are
therefore not objectionable to any one in
entering, but they prevent any exit on the
south side of the delivery counter. All
patrons from every portion of the eighth
and ninth floors must pass out between the
railings shown in the diagram at the north
side of the delivery counter. The outer
one of these two passages is to accommo-
date persons who have no books to charge.
It is provided with a gate electrically con-
trolled, which is operated by the assistant
inside the charging desk. Having seen that
the person has no books, she presses a foot
control and releases the gate. After the
person has passed the gate swings back and
locks again. There is close supervision
over the books. Constant vigilance on the
part of the charging assistant is necessary,
and this is a heavy strain, as about 4,000
persons pass this point each day. During
busiest hours the gate is fastened open and
an attendant watches this second exit.
Two months' experience in the new
quarters shows the following things:
1. The vast importance of a central loca-
tion.
2. The response and the satisfaction of
the public in using a library devoid of for-
November, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
827
NINTH FLOOR PLAN
of the
LcsANCELES PUBLIC LIBRARY
NINTH FLOOR PLAN, SHOWING THE INDUSTRIAL, THE SOCIOLOGY AND THE ART DEPARTMENTS
malities, and having an appearance and
atmosphere of welcome and of readiness to
serve.
3. The effect of the open shelf idea on
circulation. While fiction, which has al-
ways been on open shelves, shows an in-
crease in circulation of 19 per cent, over
the same month a year ago, the increase in
non-fiction, previously in closed shelves,
shows an increased circulation of 54 per
cent.
4. The better service gained by the sub-
ject department plan of arrangement.
5. The possibility of practically stopping
the theft of books, by methods which do
not greatly bother library patrons.
JOSEPH L. WHEELER.
REPORT OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM
FOR 1913
THE year 1913 showed a considerable
increase in the number of visitors to the
Museum, the total amounting to 947,090, as
compared with 754,872 in 1912. The total
is the highest on record with the exception
of 1904, when it reached 954,551. There
were 243,659 visitors to the reading room,
the daily average being 804. These read-
ers used 1,542,701 books, exclusive of those
on the open shelves of the reading room.
In the newspaper room there were 17,938
visitors, against 18,450 last year, who used
67,568 volumes. The number of volumes
of country newspapers brought up from
the repository at Hendon was 2370.
The visits of students to other depart-
ments decreased from 38,698 in 1912 to
37,688. This may be accounted for by the
fact that the department of prints and draw-
ings was closed the last four months of
the year, during the removal of the col-
lections to the new wing.
During the year the main structure of
the Extension Building was completed and
was handed over to the trustees in October.
No great change was made in the exhi-
828
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[November, 1914
bition galleries during the year. The lec-
tures of the official guide continued to be
popular, and it is estimated that about 23,000
persons accompanied his tours during the
year.
At the stall established for the sale of
photographs, guide books, etc., an exten-
sion of the stock of postcards sold in sets
to illustrate particular subjects was planned.
An officer of the department of printed
books was sent to America to study the
latest developments in the methods of trans-
porting books from the shelves to the read-
ers, and to consider their adaptability to
conditions at the British Museum.
The department of printed books made
the following accessions: books and pam-
phlets 38,116; serials and parts of volumes
78,597; maps and atlases 3741; music, 12,-
223; newspapers (single numbers) 230,922;
miscellaneous 8624. Of manuscripts and
seals there were received 1475; oriental
printed books and manuscripts 3512; prints
and drawings 8410; besides many and varied
additions to the collections of antiquities.
The department of printed books acquired
61 incunabula and 38 English books printed
before 1640, to add to its collection of early
printed books.
Into each. of -the three copies of the gen-
eral catalog 39,179 title-slips and index-
slips have been incorporated. This made
it necessary to remove and re-insert 53,517
slips in each copy and to add to each copy
702 new leaves. In the map catalog 1476
title-slips have been incorporated in each
of the- three copies, making it necessary to
remove and re-insert 897 title-slips in each,
and to add to each copy 14 new leaves.
In each of the two copies of the music
catalog 13,648 title-slips have been inserted,
necessitating the shifting of 24,970 title-
slips and the addition of 548 new leaves in
each copy.
Part III of the "Catalogue of books print-
ed in the XVth century," describing the
books printed in the remaining towns of
Germany, in German-speaking Switzerland,
and in Austria-Hungary, together with an
index to Parts I-III, and a typographical
map, was published in December.
The number of volumes and sets of pam-
phlets sent to be bound was 11,484, includ-
ing 3245 volumes of newspapers. By
frequently binding two or more volumes in
one, the number returned was 9433. In
addition, 915 volumes were repaired in the
binders' shops, and in the library itself 4177
were repaired, 1586 cleaned and polished,
200 broadsides were bound in guard books
and 3340 reports, etc., were put into light
binding. Fifty- four volumes of the general
catalog were broken up and rebound in 76 new
volumes. Seventy-seven columns were re-
laid, owing to the accumulation of titles
under certain headings, as well as 150 col-
umns of reprinted headings, in the three
interleaved copies of the general catalog.
Similarly 27 volumes of the music catalog
were rebound in 32 new volumes.
Besides the report of the department of
printed books, the report includes an ac-
count of progress made in all other depart-
ments of the museum, with annotated lists
of acquisitions, records of attendance,
publications, etc.
BERNARD RICHARDSON GREEN
BERNARD RICHARDSON GREEN, superin-
tendent of the building and grounds of the
Library of Congress, died at his home in
Washington, Oct. 22. Although he had
been in failing health for fourteen years,
his last illness was of but three days' dura-
tion.
Mr. Green was born at Maiden, Mass.,
December 28, 1843. His early education
was obtained in the public schools and later
he was graduated from the Lawrence Scien-
tific School of Harvard University in civil
engineering, with the class of 1863, taking
the degree of B.S. On the first of Janu-
ary, 1868, he married Miss Julia E. Lincoln,
their children being Bernard Lincoln, civil
engineer of Cleveland, Ohio ; Julia Minerva,
physician of Washington; William Ezra,
violinist and music teacher of Washington,
and Arthur Brooks Green of Portland, Me.
Since 1863 Mr. Green had been in the
service of the government, remaining con-
tinuously in the practice of his profession
on various engineering works, principally
those of construction. He began with
the construction of the seacoast fortifica-
tions of Maine during the Civil War, and
continued there, with more or less connec-
November, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
829
tion with the fortifications of Portsmouth
and Boston harbors, for fourteen years.
He came to Washington in the spring of
1877 and took charge of the construction
of the building for the State, War, and
Navy departments, under the direction of
Lieut. Col. (later Brig. Gen. and Chief of
Engineers) Thomas Lincoln Casey. While
engaged mainly on this work, Mr. Green
acted as professional adviser and assistant
to Col. Casey in all the engineering works
in his charge, including, particularly, the
Washington Aqueduct and its projected
conduit extension, and the Washington
Monument. He also supervised the con-
struction of the Army Medical Museum and
several of the principal buildings of the
national Soldiers' Home.
On the completion of the State, War and
Navy building in 1888 he was called to take
charge of the construction of the new Li-
brary of Congress, under the immediate
direction of the commission for its con-
struction. The first half of the foundation
was laid that summer, but funds were low
and Congress was investigating the unsatis-
factory character of previous operations.
As a result, in October, 1888, all former
proceedings and organization were set aside
and entire control, under new conditions,
was given to Brig. Gen. Casey, to report
directly to Congress.
Gen. Casey at once put Mr. Green in
complete local charge, under his direction,
the result being that he reorganized the
office and building force, remodeled the plan
wit'i the assistance of architects employed
for the purpose, and conducted the work
rapidly to within a year of completion,
when, on the death of the general, he suc-
ceeded to the entire charge by act of Con-
gress. The building and grounds were
completed in 1897 within the limits of de-
sign, cost and time originally submitted by
Gen, Casey to Congress. He also built the
Washington Public Library building. The
book stacks and carrying system at the Con-
gressional Library are his inventions, as
are also the racks for maps and news-
papers.
He also, by express order of Congress,
supervised the construction of the new Na-
tional Museum and was adviser in connec-
tion with the Corcoran Art Gallery, the new
state capitol at Harrisburg, Pa., and with
various private structures.
Since the completion of the library build-
ing he has been in charge of it as superin-
tendent, an appointee of the President, and
also acted as disbursing officer of the Li-
brary and Botanic Garden.
Mr. Green was a member of the Ameri-
can Society of Civil Engineers, of which
he was formerly vice president; member of
the Philosophical Society of Washington,
as well as the Washington Academy of
Sciences ; American Association for the Ad-
vancement of Science; National Society of
Fine Arts, Cosmos Club, trustee of the Cor-
coran Gallery of Art, a member of the Na-
tional Geographic Society, director of the
Union Trust Company and chairman of the
consultative board of the President on loca-
tion and design of public buildings of Wash-
ington.
On the completion, March 7, 1913, of Mr.
Green's half century of service for the
government, some of his friends indicated
their regard for him in a testimonial pre-
sented, with an accompanying memento, on
the anniversary celebration.
THE LIBRARIANS' PARTY IN
NORTHERN EUROPE
THE following notes on the tour in
northern Europe which was made by a party
of librarians last summer, were written by
Miss Helen Harcourt Morrow, librarian in
charge of the Wanamaker branch of the
Free Public Library of Philadelphia, and
form an interesting supplement to Miss
Hitchler's account of the southern tour,
printed in the October JOURNAL.
Seeing Mr. Hanson's name as leader of
the party who would take the northern
route, I promptly decided I, too, would
join that party. Our route was planned as
follows: To sail directly to Christiania;
after seeing Norway, to proceed to Swe-
den, Denmark, and Germany, attending
the International Exhibition of the Book
Industry and Graphic Art at Leipzig, and
then proceeding to England to attend the
international meeting of librarians at Ox-
ford. Needless to say, this program was
not carried out to the letter.
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[November, 1914
However, we did reach Christiania after
a delightful ocean trip. While very few
librarians took the northern trip (only five
in the party) these five were most congen-
ial and always ready to take any part in
games or amusements peculiar to sea travel.
So pleasant was the voyage, it was not
without regret that we left the ship at
Christiania, and we took with us very
pleasant memories of the ship, especially of
the courtesy extended to us by Captain
Goetsche.
Immediately upon reaching Christiania,
and getting our luggage through the cus-
toms, our guide, Mr. Herman (who met
the steamer), took us for a drive through
and around the city. While Christiania is
one of the youngest capitals of Europe and
has few of the gruesome relics of the Mid-
dle Ages, it possesses no mean attractions.
Its position on the fjord, dotted with
groups of beautiful islands and surrounded
by hills and mountains rich with verdure
and forest covered slopes, could scarcely
fail to awaken the admiration of the tourist.
Add to this the charm and elegant simpli-
city of the houses, and Christiania becomes
an ideal spot from which to start a tour
through Norway.
On the drive, one of the first places of
interest was the Norsk Folk Museum — an
open air museum at Bygdo — very good col-
lection of old farmhouses and cottages
brought from various parts of the country
and in an excellent state of preservation,
showing workmanship both artistic and
durable. Here also is a finely preserved
church, dating back to the twelfth century,
and brought by Oscar II, from Gol to its
present location. In the afternoon, we took
a ride to Hollem-Kollen, a place situated
about 600 feet apove the sea level. From
here we had a splendid view of Christiania
and the fjord.
The second day we visited the University
Library, a most imposing building, and well
laid out to suit the wants of a library. I
believe it is about one hundred years old;
the present librarian, Dr. Drolsein, has been
there forty years. He was very kind in
showing us the building and explaining his
method of doing the work. He told us that
July 27, the day we visited the library, was
the first day they had commenced using the
American International sized cards; they
were also using the typewriter for the first
time. He showed us a manuscript of Ib-
sen's, bought for 45 Krns. and sold to Ger-
many for 200 Krns. We asked the reason,
and he said: "Germany used to have only
one god, Goethe; now she has two gods,
Goethe and Ibsen."
We also went to the International Exhi-
bition being held in Christiania at the time,
and were delighted with the strides that
Norway has made in her mechanical ar.d
industrial manufactures.
On the 29th, we took the early train for
Bergen. I feel safe in saying that no
wrecks will occur in Norway as the result
of excessive speed of the trains. How-
ever, they were very comfortable, and rid-
ing as we did in the observation car, we hod
a splendid view of this beautiful country.
The ride was about fourteen hours long,
but the strain was relieved by getting out
and walking when the train made frequent
and sometimes long stops. These delays
gave us a still better opportunity of enjoy-
ing the wonderful scenery. The train
kept winding up the mountain sides until
we finally reached an altitude of more than
4000 feet. Here some members of the party
grew slightly deaf or had a buzzing in the
ears. We descended gradually until we
reached Bergen. We were very tired and
dirty, and delighted to reach our hotel, The
Norge.
In the early morning we walked to the
fish market — a very interesting sight. The
fish are caught and brought in alive, and
placed in bins or large square troughs
full of running water. These bins extend
along both sides of the market place. The
customer selects the sort of fish he wants,
pays for it, and takes it, squirming, home.
Here, at least, one can always be sure the
fish is fresh.
We next visited an old warehouse built
by the German merchants in the eleventh
century. We saw the weights they used —
the one which they bought by and the one
which they sold by. They also had a se-
cret staircase where they disappeared when
their creditors were upon them. We saw
the books in which they kept their ac-
counts with their customers; also their old
square beds of straw — so placed that no air
November, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
831
could possibly reach them. They could only
be made from the outside, as no maid ser-
vant was allowed inside. A room for ap-
prentices had three beds in a row, with the
foreman's opposite, where he coald keep an
eye on them. The confidence they had
in one another was remarkrble. For in-
stance— their safe consisted of a square
box with one compartment. There were
three keys and each merchant had a key,
but each key was different, so that it re-
quired the three men to unlock it all at one
time.
We next visited the library, a very un-
pretentious place. The librarian showed us
the plans for a very fine building and I am
sure when completed, it will be as attractive
as useful.
At 9 o'clock in the evening we got on the
little boat, named "Irma," which cruised on
the fjords, and from here until we reached
Trondhjem the scenery was beautiful. Our
first stop was Odda. . We left the boat, and
carriages were engaged to drive to the Lote-
fos, a cataract about 1500 feet high. On
this drive we passed menacing rocks, and
enjoyed a splendid view of the Jordal val-
ley, a valley enclosed by precipitous rocks
but remarkable for its rich vegetation.
Early in the afternoon we returned to the
boat and proceeded through the Hardanger
fjord, one of the principal attractions of
Norway. The Hardanger is composed of
several fjords, each beautiful in its way.
The women of the Hardanger are very pic-
turesque. Here may be seen many of the
quaint costumes and silver ornaments of
original design. The brides wear heavy
gilt crowns, and from all we hear a wed-
ding must be a sight to see. Married wom-
en always wear the skout, a headdress of
stiff white muslin, while unmarried women
go bareheaded, sometimes with a red hand-
kerchief twisted around the head.
Our next stop was Eide, on ttie Noreim-
sund. Here we walked to the Stendall
falls. The path in the rock leads behind
and under the falls, which thunder down
over the traveler's head. The entrance is
attended by a young woman in national cos-
tume. While the falls were interesting, the
discussion as to its merits as a shower bath
was more interesting. I thought that per-
sonally I would prefer one arranged for
the purpose less than 500 feet high. We
returned to the boat late in the afternoon.
The next morning we reached a place
called Balholmen, where Emperor William
erected a statue on the site of che ancient
tomb of King Bele of the Futhjofs Saga,
and on the other side is a bronze statue of
the German Emperor himself.
Leaving here, one enters the Flaam val-
ley, then on into the Naero fjora, the most
beautiful of all the fjords. It is about
1000 feet wide. Soon one sees an immense
waterfall about 1000 feet high, then far-
ther away two pointed hills, and between
these, glimpses of the snow-clad Steganaase
and other hills with the ever recurring views
of snow covered peaks.
We next stopped at Leon. Here we
again took carriages and rode to Leon lake ;
took a sail on this lake, which was very in-
teresting. After landing at a little wharf
we walked quite a distance to view the
Kjendal glacier — one of the largest in Nor-
way. This place is difficult of access be-
cause of the glacial stream which we had to
cross on stepping stones. This we did in
the pouring rain. The stream comes from a
vault of blue ice (the color was very ap-
propriate to our feelings). Many of us
were a little depressed: the cause, perhaps,
being the shadow of the trouble which was
ahead of us, for it was upon our return
from this excursion that we were told by
the captain of the boat that all Europe was
at war. He advised us strongly to return
to Bergen. Not having papers to read, nor
being able to read them if we had had
them, some of us contended that things
were not so bad as the captain tried to
represent them, and those few refused to
return. As consent of all the passengers
was necessary to permit our captain to re-
turn, we proceeded on to Trondhjem, tak-
ing a small number of very happy people
and a large number of dejected people, de-
jected because they could not get to Bergen.
As it was chiefly the Americans who re-
fused to return, we were dubbed by the
English "the cocksures." Nothing daunt-
ed, however, we continued to enjoy the
wonderful beauties everywhere around us
as we passed through the Geiranger fjord,
notable for its high cliffs and its numerous
waterfalls.
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[November, 1914
Our next important stop was Molde. I
think the most interesting place here is the
church, because it contains that wonderful
painting "The women at the selpulchre" by
Andes. The next place we reached was
Christiansund, a city built on four islands,
which was reached about n p. m. We left
here and reached Trondhjem about 8 a. m.
What disappointment awaited us! We
were told we could not go to Sweden, Den-
mark, or Germany, and had best proceed
immediately to Christiania and await de-
velopments. As we could not get a train
until the next morning, we put in a day of
sightseeing in Trondhjem.
Our first move was to cross over in a mo-
tor boat to Monk Holmens, once the site of
a Benedictine monastery founded about the
eleventh century and afterwards used as
a place of execution and in 1680 as a fort-
ress. Here we could see the old tower in
which for eighteen years was confined
Griffensfeldt, minister of Christian V. This
island is admirably described in Hugo's
"Han d'Islande." The view from the for-
tress walls is very beautiful.
Our next ride was to the famous cathe-
dral, which is in the process of reconstruc-
tion. It has been declared by ecclesiastical
experts to be the finest in Northern Europe.
We took the famous ride to Ffeldsaeter,
through that part of the city which was the
old fortification, now used as barracks.
The old city gate is still there. Trondhjem
is a most interesting city. Most of the peo-
ple are prosperous, in fact, the general im-
pression we had of the people of Norway
was that they were intelligent, orderly, and
thrifty, deserving of all the prosperity they
had. Their small pieces of land showed
such intensive farming that they were able
to build good substantial houses, and, if
necessary, send their children away to a
good boarding school. Everybody worked
in a leisurely but intelligent manner. The
people do not demand luxuries, but only the
comforts of life.
We left Trondhjem in the morning, after
a heated discussion as to whether we should
remain in Norway or try to reach Sweden.
The decision was in favor of remaining in
Norway.
We reached a town called Hamer later
in the afternoon, and spent the night there.
We viewed the ruins of a fine old cathedral
dating back to the twelfth century and de-
stroyed by the Swedes in the sixteenth
century.
We reached Christiania the following
morning and immediately visited the ambas-
sador, who informed us that a restriction
existed against Americans entering Eng-
land, and we were advised to remain m
Christiania, although he could see no real
danger in proceeding to Sweden or even
Denmark. Our guide, acting under the ad-
vice of Cook's, left us to get out or remain
in Christiania as best we could.
Out of a party of twelve, ten remained
in Christiania, and only myself and my
friend left for a visit to England and Ire-
land, where we were most generously treat-
ed.
LIBRARY DEVELOPMENT BEYOND
THE MISSISSIPPI
IN the diner, on the train going from
Seattle to Portland, a few weeks ago, there
sat at our table a Seattle business man whom
we found an excellent conversationalist.
The chief topic of conversation was Seattle.
Before the close of the meal we asked him
if he ever grew tired of climbing the city's
hills. His reply was : "No, I like the hills of
Seattle and really enjoy climbing them. The
fact is, I have become so used to them that
when I go to a flat country I make it a point
to ascend numerous stairways because I
miss the hills and need the exercise."
This incident typifies the spirit found be-
yond the Mississippi. Although it is haz-
ardous at any time to generalize, yet no one
will criticise the assertion that most of the
people beyond the Mississippi are boosters.
Nor do they stop with simply boosting the
many good things that they have, but like
Duke Senior in "As You Like It," they find
"good in everything."
Our country owes no inconsiderable debt
to the twenty-one states beyond the Missis-
sippi. They represent the youth, vigor, en-
thusiasm, initiative and optimism of the
nation. We remember that it was in Ore-
gon that the Initiative and Referendum
were given their first trial in the United
States; and since Oregon has become a
direct legislation state most of the other
November. 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
833
states beyond the Mississippi have embodied
the Swiss governmental innovation in their
organic laws. The centralized school has
also become popular beyond the Missis-
sippi. There is little question that of the two
thousand centralized schools in the whole
country, the West has more than its pro-
portionate share. In the matter of temper-
ance it is very likely that a few years will
see a very small percentage of the twenty-
one western states still outside of the dry
column, if the people of these states are
good prophets. When it comes to good
roads, which is the cry of more than a mil-
lion automobilists in this country, investiga-
tion shows that many parts of the West
are building a veritable net-work of the
finest kind of highways, and some of these
are being constructed by penitentiary in-
mates put on their honor. In the field of
agriculture the West has been making un-
usual progress. We may all have to go
West to learn the great lesson of co-opera-
tion, which our progressive farmers tell
us will prove to be an absolute essential to
success in the future.
But the readers of the LIBRARY JOURNAL
will be more interested in a statement re-
garding the library work of the West, than
in an account of any of the other activities
of the people living beyond the Mississippi,
so we will consider the West from the
standpoint of what its libraries are doing,
with the understanding that in our Zeppelin
flight only the high spots can be touched.
To be frank, we do not profess to have
sufficient data to warrant a comprehensive,
general statement.
In the first place, the tendency all through
the West seems to be to emphasize the larg-
er governmental units in library activities.
As a matter of fact, along practically all
lines, the western states as states exemplify
the progressive spirit. This is no doubt
due to the population beyond the Missis-
sippi being very largely a rural population,
which will not allow itself to be dominated
by the cities.
But much as the states accomplish as
states, through their state libraries, state
library commissions and other state insti-
tutions, the popular library unit of the West
is the county, and this too in spite of the
magnificent distances and the extraordi-
nary size of many of the counties in most
of the western states. There are many
western counties as large as some eastern
states. Of the twenty-one western states
eight have already passed county library
laws and three others are likely to be add-
ed to the list this winter. Of course Cali-
fornia is leading the way in the county li-
brary movement, not only in the West, but
in the whole country, already having fully
half of its fifty-eight counties in its county
library system. And the splendid success
of the California county libraries is a great
inspiration to all of the other states beyond
the Mississippi.
Here and there in the West excellent
work is being done under township library
laws. Where townships are permitted to
unite with one another or with towns or
cities, either in their own or in adjoining
counties, a library unit can be established
that will have large possibilities for all peo-
ple of the surrounding country. In one
county in the West, under the direction of
a very efficient librarian, almost all the
townships of the county are united in
library work. A township library law is
almost as necessary in states having county
library laws as in states without such laws,
since in the former case rural sections may
be supplied with library service that might
otherwise be denied them.
Of course municipal library laws are gen-
eral, and the twenty-one states beyond the
Mississippi are not especially unique in the
matter of municipal library activities. But
the school library work of the West is
worthy of mention. The traveler finds
many innovations in the western schools
that interest him, and certainly not one of
the least is the advanced position taken with
reference to the matter of getting books of
the right character among the pupils of the
schools. It will be a surprise to some that
one of the newest western states stands sec-
ond of all the states of the union in liter-
acy. Of course the popularity of the county
and township libraries, as well as the ex-
tensive library activities of the schools of
many of the western states, in a measure
explains the high educational standards of
the great mass of the people.
A number of special cases were brought
to our attention in the West that it might
834
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[November, 1914
be of interest to mention. Butte, a city of
possibly 45,000, most of whom represent
miners' families, is planning to keep its li-
brary open day and night for the benefit of
tbe night as well as the day shifts of work-
men. In Denver the scope of the library
work has been broadened to such an ex-
tent that books are sent all over the state,
of course only in limited numbers. Why
cannot all our city libraries send books
all over their respective states? The cities
are largely dependent on the people living
on the farms and in the villages and towns.
Although the cities receive nothing from
the country for the support of their libra-
ries, the cities are what they are because of
the trade of the country. So the cities owe
a debt to the country that in this way they
can partially pay. In Portland, Oregon, a
very important work is being done among
the schools of Multnomah county. And
a visit to the school department of the beau-
tiful new library building will show one
scores of boxes ready to be sent out to the
schools in all parts of the county, in accord-
ance with a specific plan for their circula-
tion. How much more helpful is a flex-
ible school collection than one that is fixed.
The former represents well-chosen and up-
to-date books, while the latter often repre-
sent books chosen by persons not qualified
to purchase books for school purposes, and
soon becomes, in the case of many of the
books, useless for progressive school work.
Flexibility is an absolute essential of a use-
ful library. In the Salt Lake City Library
especial emphasis is laid on both local and
state history, as well as on all other mat-
ters that pertain to the welfare and prog-
ress of the state. The library has a very
large collection of Salt Lake City and Utah
books, well arranged and open to the pub-
lic at all times. This valuable collection
whose purpose and importance are empha-
sized in more ways than one is a great
stimulus to all the people of the state that
avail themselves of it. Then we believe
most of the city libraries of the West are
putting forth special efforts to make their
varied resources serviceable to all the man-
ifold interests of their respective sections
of the country. In short, they are seeking
to adapt themselves to the activities of the
people, that all possible assistance may be
rendered the people in their work. The
State University of Wyoming has a travel-
ing library system that means much for
the remote places of that large and thinly
settled state. The work of the University
Library together with the work of the many
county libraries gives the country people
of Wyoming library privileges possibly sec-
ond to none in the country. These few
cases are sufficient to give the reader some
idea of what the states beyond the Missis-
sippi are doing along library lines.
In recent years we have been redrafting
many of our library laws. Most of us have
formulated a library law that we should
like to see by way of a beginning on the
statute books of some progressive state. The
key-note of our new law is co-operation.
It provides for a well-equipped state libra-
ry and a liberally supported library com-
mission; for state-wide work on the part
of the libraries of state universities, state
normal schools and other state institutions
that have libraries, as well as state-wide
work on the part of the libraries of other
colleges and universities and the larger
cities; for county, township and municipal
libraries; and for the co-operation of all
these in supplying with the best possible li-
brary service all the people of the state.
One of the best-known phrases in the
country to-day is "the conservation of nat-
ural resources." Beyond the Mississippi
this is more than a phrase. It is more
than a phrase because the people of the
twenty-one western states call their rural
population their greatest natural resource,
although it is no more important to the
West than the rural population of the whole
nation is to the United States. The future
of America is chiefly dependent on the de-
velopment of this natural resource, in whose
development the West is taking the initia-
tive and making perhaps the most rapid
progress. From the preceding paragraphs
we see what is being done in the develop-
ment of this natural resource in the library
field. E. I. ANTRIM.
'THE LIBRARIAN" VERSUS THE
CATALOGER
"THE LnaAHTAjr" of the Boston Tran
script has replied to Miss Van Valken-
burgh's "Plea for the cataloged (published
'ovember, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
835
i the September JOURNAL), defending his
dvocacy of a simplified catalog. The JOUR-
AL has taken pleasure in reading "The Li-
rarian's" defence, and proceeds to share its
leasure in the friendly discussion by re-
rinting his arguments in full.
"The j oiliest librarian in the United
tates writes a defence of the cataloger in
he LIBRARY JOURNAL. Her plea is couched
lore in sorrow than in anger, as she re-
lies to the charges made against catalogs
nd catalogers by a number of her col-
eagues. Humorously, perhaps, she heads
he list of the offenders, who have been
hrowing stones at the catalogers, with the
ame of the least of them, to wit, "The Li-
)rarian" of the Transcript.
"That person, so Miss Agnes Van Val-
cenburgh affirms, has been accusing cata-
ogers of sins which 'the best library
schools' have ceased to inculcate. And this
The Librarian' could easily have discov-
ered. Moreover, he shows a surprising lack
of comprehension of the worth of catalog-
ing work as a whole.
"Now, the particular offences which were
charged against catalogers in this column
are ones which were found and may be
found by anyone who looks on the printed
catalog cards of such an eminently re-
spectable and esteemed library as the Li-
brary of Congress in this year 1914. And
if the best library schools have ceased to
;each these things as correct and desirable,
then it is too bad that the catalogers who
make these cards could not be sent, for a
term, to one of these reformed library
schools.
"The two practices which are cited in
Miss Van Valkenburgh's article as customs
now out of date (one of them is 'underlining
in colored inks') have never been men-
tioned here, for the simple reason that the
writer of this had never before heard of
them.
"Consequently, if The Librarian' has been
preaching to catalogers for sins from
which they have totally abstained for sev-
eral years, it is not clear which these sins
are, and so an apology would be — at this
time — not particularly intelligent.
"Turning from this one phase of the sub-
ject, and considering the fact that the work
of the library catalogers is admittedly, ac-
cording to their defenders, under attack
from all sides, the question arises: DC the
catalogers see any reason in this? Or do
they attribute it all to a sort of wilful cus-
sedness on the part of their colleagues? If
certain fussy practices have been aban-
doned, did the reform come from within or
was it brought about because a number of
librarians became tired of the complexity of
cataloging which the schools were teaching ?
Did the criticism of complex cataloging in
the library press and elsewhere do anything
toward the change?
"The article in the LIBRARY JOURNAL, to
which we have referred, declares with some
sorrow, that cataloging is falling into dis-
repute among librarians, and that it is hard-
er all the time to get people to do cataloging
work. But surely the criticism — if it had no
real grounds — could not have brought this
about. There must have been something
wrong with the work, or with the way it
has been carried on.
"The persons who use the catalog most —
the reference librarians and scholars or
specialists — are the ones who should be con-
sulted when it is needed to find out whether
the catalog is a success or not. So says the
article in the LIBRARY JOURNAL, and in our
opinion it points out in that sentence the
fundamental trouble with library catalogs.
They have been made to please other libra-
rians, and a few more or less mythical
'scholars,' who are fancifully supposed to
like complexity.
"The case is cited of a library whose
chief librarian was an advocate of simple
cataloging, but whose reference librarian
confessed 'almost with tears' that the lack
of a lot of detailed information on the cata-
log cards caused her to take many weary
steps to the stacks. Yet the time thus lost
and the shoeleather thus worn out by the
reference librarian might have been multi-
plied by five, and not have reached the
sum total of the time and labor consumed —
most of it quite unnecessarily — in the cata-
log room had these details been added to the
cards.
"The criticisms of complex cataloging
which are being made from so many dif-
ferent points have, very likely, different
ends in view. Some librarians, it may be,
dream of making the catalog popular, of
836
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[November, 1914
getting their readers to consult it with some-
thing else than loathing.
"This is a vain dream. Readers have
never — save in the case of a small minority,
been willing to look at a catalog. They
have sometimes been driven to it — and with
as much success as might be expected. The
great majority give it a wide berth.
"Librarians frequently do not realize how
little love is bestowed upon the card cata-
log. They are so used to hearing it de-
scribed as 'the heart of the library/ to hear
that the library should be 'built around' the
catalog, and other professional cant phrases,
that they simply close up their intelli-
gences when they come to consider it. Let
any such reflect for an instant how often
any of their associates — whose work does
not directly require it — ever consult the
catalog. It is a notorious fact that chief
librarians, in nine out of ten cases, avoid
the catalog as if it were full of germs. It
is good to be a chief librarian !
"No; there is nothing to be done which
can win back the public to liking and us-
ing the catalog. You cannot win people
back to a place they never occupied. The
catalog is a necessary evil, and presumably
has to stay, but not, it may be hoped, in its
present prodigious size. Some of its grosser
absurdities may be lopped off, and this will
be done principally to liberate the catalog-
ers from the useless work which takes up
so much of their time, and shuts them off
from things of real importance.
"The details of cataloging particularly
deplored in this place have been: Elabo-
rate collation, including pagination; the
seeking out and recording of 'full' names
of authors according to an arbitrary fash-
ion; certain customs regarding noblemen's
names and titles, regarding pseudonyms, and
regarding oriental names. A considerable
library experience, not only as a cataloger
and reference librarian, but, more impor-
tant, as an actual user of libraries, has con-
vinced the writer that the present practice
of the large catalogs in these matters is not
only not helpful but actually a hindrance;
not only not 'scholarly' but foolish, unneces-
sary and pedantic. Outside of a few pro-
fessional catalogers he has never heard
these practices referred to with anything
but derision. Among bookmen, outside of
the library profession, among authors, book
lovers, book dealers, collectors, journal-
ists and others, he knows them to be one of
the reasons why librarians have been con-
sidered 'queer' ; considered not bookish folk,
but folk devoted to codes of rules."
FIFTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING OF
THE VEREIN DEUTSCHER BIBLIO-
THEKARE, LEIPZIG, JUNE 3-5, 1914
THERE were various reasons why the
fifteenth conference of the German Li-
brary Association which met in Leipzig the
first week in June should have been the
most largely attended of any in its history.
The city of Leipzig offers a great deal
that is interesting to those whose occupa-
tion it is to collect books and place them
within reach of others who need them.
For generations Leipzig has been known
as the most important city in Germany for
the publication and distribution of books.
In this city of 600,000 population, there
are over 1000 publishers and booksellers,
and one person in every fifty belongs in
some capacity to the book trade. Here
are located famous old publishing houses
whose names are familiar to readers of
German throughout the world; here are
also those enterprising younger firms
which by energy and enterprise have built
up business connections in all countries.
An opportunity to visit this book center
could not fail to be attractive to the libra-
rians, and the cordial reception and lavish
hospitality extended to them by their Leip-
zig colleagues (at whose head stands
Geheimrat Boysen, director of the Uni-
versity Library), by the members of the
book trade, and by the city of Leipzig,
were convincing proofs that the town was
sincerely glad to welcome them.
But this year Leipzig was additionally
interesting on account of the Interna-
tional Exposition of Book Industries and
the Graphic Arts, which, having opened in
May, was in full operation when the con-
ference met. It is therefore not surpris-
ing that the register showed an attendance
of 243, which is a record for these meet-
ings. To an American, the preponderance
of men at a library convention was strik-
ing; of the 243 in attendance, only 31 were
November, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
837
women; less than 13 per cent! A con-
siderable number of librarians from for-
eign countries were present; from Austria-
Hungary, 21 ; Switzerland, u; Finland, 3;
Sweden and Denmark were also represent-
ed, and there was a librarian there from
the Bombay University Library. Three
Americans were present: Theodore W.
Koch, of the University of Michigan Li-
brary; Ernest Kletsch, of the Library of
Congress; and Donald Hendry, of Pratt
Institute Free Library, Brooklyn; the lat-
ter of whom had been delegated to convey
greetings from the American Library As-
sociation, which he found occasion to do
at one of the meetings.
An informal evening reception in the
large hall of the Buchhdndlerhaus, on Tues-
day, June 2, to which ladies were also in-
vited, afforded the first opportunity for
old friends to meet and new acquaintance-
ships to be formed. Director Boysen and
Oberbibliothekar Helssig of the Leipzig
University Library welcomed the company,
refreshments were served, and appropriate
printed matter was presented to all pres-
ent. The presentation of books and pam-
phlets was a feature of all the meetings.
A large lecture room in the University
building was placed at the disposal of the
conference, and here the papers were read
and discussed. At the first meeting on
June 3, at 9 o'clock in the morning, the
University, through its prorector, and the
city of Leipzig, through a member of the
council, both welcomed the librarians, after
which the president of the association,
Schnorr von Carolsfeld, read the usual
yearly report on the important events of
the past year in the library field.
The program of this first meeting con-
tained four papers:
"Systematic or mechanical shelving of
books," by Dr. Leyh, of the Royal Library,
Berlin.
"Martin Schrettinger and the shelving
of books in the Munich Court and State Li-
brary," by Dr. Hilsenbcck, of that library.
"The subject catalog," by Professor Zed-
ler, of Wiesbaden.
"The beginnings of the German library
movement," by Prof. Fritz, of Charlotten-
burg.
As is not unusual on such occasions,
the program proved to be much too long,
and only the first two papers could be
pi esented. As will be noticed, these two
papers treated of the arrangement of books
on the shelves of a library. Dr. Leyh's
paper treated the subject theoretically, and
Dr. Hilsenbeck's was an interesting ac-
count of how a Munich librarian solved
the problem a century ago. Dr. Leyh's
paper had already been printed in expand-
ed form in the Zentralblatt fur Bibliotheks-
wesen, the object in presenting it at the
conference being that the matter might
be freely discussed. The speaker's point
of view was that of the librarian of a large
and growing library, and he argued that
a systematic shelving of books led to waste
of space, owing to the room necessary to
be reserved for new accessions, also the
labor of moving books along from time to
time as the reserve spaces became filled.
The advantages of shelving books by class-
es were also considered. The long dis-
cussion which followed brought forth di-
versity of opinion, and interfered with a
visit to the University Library, which had
been scheduled for 3 o'clock in the after-
noon. At 4 o'clock, the librarians follow-
ing an invitation of the firm, assembled
in the reception room of the great B. G.
Teubner publishing house. The visitors
were conducted, in groups of twenty,
through every part of the vast establish-
ment, and had opportunity to witness all
the processes employed in the making of
books on an enormous scale.
The evening of this first day was devoted
to the great social function of the confer-
ence, a gala dinner given by the Borsen-
verein of the Leipzig book-trade. The
tables were spread in the great hall of the
Buchhdndlerhaus, on the walls of which
hang the portraits of many generations of
celebrated publishers. Several hours were
occupied in the serving of many courses
and the making of many speeches. The
A. L. A. delegate upon invitation ac-
knowledged the hospitality of the Borsen-
verein in the name of all the foreign
guests present. Between all the courses
books and pamphlets were distributed. The
menu cards were works of art and will be
cherished as souvenirs of a fine dinner and
a most enjoyable evening.
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[November, 1914
There were only two papers on Thurs-
day's program:
"What I learned by the building of the
library/' by Dr. Geiger, head of the Tubin-
gen University Library, and "On music li-
braries," by Prof. Schwartz, of the Peters
Music Library, Leipzig.
Dr. Geiger spoke of the new building at
Tubingen, and called attention to the views
and plans in the Exposition. Prof.
Schwartz spoke interestingly of music li-
braries, advocating the founding of music
libraries for the people.
Dr. Zedler read his paper on the "Sub-
ject catalog," which had been crowded out
of the program of the preceding day. The
speaker laid down detailed rules, in 36
paragraphs, for a subject catalog. In the
discussion which followed, the opinion
seemed to prevail that the dictionary cata-
log could not replace the systematic cata-
log, but might be a useful auxiliary. Lack
of time prevented the reading of Prof.
Fritz's paper.
At the annual business meeting which
followed, Geheimrat Boysen, director of
the Leipzig University Library, was elect-
ed president for the ensuing year.
In the afternoon a visit was made to the
book-jobbing establishment of F. Volck-
mar, a colossal business with clients in all
countries, and employing 900 persons. Af-
ter this, the Enders book-bindery was in-
spected, where astonishing things were
performed by machinery.
For the evening, the city of Leipzig in-
vited the librarians to a performance of an
operetta, "Der alte Dessauer" in the New
Theater. The performance seemed tame
compared with Broadway offerings of that
sort.
Friday, the last day of the conference,
was devoted to the "Bugra," the name com-
monly given to the Exposition. The word
"Bugra" is made up of the beginning let-
ters of the words Buck and Graphik. At
9 o'clock on that day, Geheimrat Boysen
read a paper descriptive of the Bugra.
When the plan of the Exposition was first
outlined, in 1912, Boysen was entrusted
with the organization of a library sec-
tion, which he accomplished with great
success. His paper, therefore, was the
very best kind of preparation for a visit
to the Exposition. After the reading of
this paper, the A. L. A. representative ex-
tended a special invitation to the foreign
librarians to inspect the American exhibit.
When the party arrived at the Bugra, they
were received by the president, Dr. Volk-
mann, and spent the rest of the day look-
ing over the exhibits.
The final getting together was at a din-
ner in the restaurant of the Bugra, which
was well attended. Many speeches were
made. Especially interesting to Americans
was the speech of Geheimrat Schwenke, of
the Berlin Royal Library, in the course of
which the speaker spoke warmly of his
recollection of the cordial reception which
he had met with from American colleagues.
He spoke also of American library meth-
ods which he had studied, advising his
hearers to look into American library meth-
ods, which they might do with profit. A
wish was expressed that the entire library
section in the Bugra might be kept to-
gether and permanently exhibited in some
convenient place. In the course of the
evening, Dr. Boysen brought a small Amer-
ican flag, on a standard, and placed it on
the table in front of the Americans. Noth-
ing could have been more cordial than
the manner in which the Americans were
received by their German colleagues.
The German Library Association has
accepted an invitation to hold its next
meeting in Vienna.
DONALD HENDRY, A. L. A. Delegate.
REPORT OF NEW YORK COMMITTEE
ON LIBRARIES IN CHARITABLE,
REFORMATORY AND PENAL IN-
STITUTIONS
AT the meeting of the New York Library
Association at Ithaca Sept. n Miss Mary
W. Plummer, chairman, read the report of
the committee on libraries in state institu-
tions, from which we print some extracts.
Not long after the close of last year's meet-
ing, Mr. Thomas M. Osborne, chairman of
the State Prison Reform Commission, re-
quested from the State Library information
on these libraries.
"An investigation was made, and a report
submitted to the commission, which cov-
ered the libraries in Auburn, Great Meadow,
November, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
839
Sing Sing, and Clinton prisons, the reform-
atories at Elmira, Napanock, and Bedford,
and the state hospital at Matteawan. A
list of questions was sent to each institu-
tion and the information gained through
answers to these was supplemented by that
acquired through visits of inspection in all
cases but that of Elmira. In most of the
institutions, the library quarters were found
totally inadequate and unsuitable and ap-
parently no special provision had been made
for libraries. Book stock was found to be
insufficient in quantity and in bad repair.
And the weakest feature in all the libraries,
with the possible exception of one or two
reformatories, was found to be the selection
of books. All of the libraries contain some
excellent books, many that are good, but
out of place in a prison library, many that
are mediocre, and some that are absolutely
bad. With the exception of two or three
institutions, probably a third of the books
could be discarded profitably. In the judg-
ment of the inspectors there ought to be a
much better and more representative supply
of books in foreign tongues, so that no
reader should be deprived of the privilege
of reading in the language in which he
reads with the greatest pleasure and
facility.
"Very few tools, aids, and guides were
found, and not all the necessary records are
kept in any of the libraries. Methods were
found to be so loose and confused that it
was difficult to get correct statistics of use.
Nowhere was there a librarian whose whole
duty was the care of the library. Chaplains
and superintendents give what time they
can from their other and primary duties.
"The State Library, in view of these find-
ings, made the following recommendations:
"i. The appointment of a state super-
visor of prison and reformatory libraries,
after a civil service test of library training
and experience, the office being attached
to the Education Department; also the
appointment of a civilian librarian at one
prominent institution to organize a thor-
oughly satisfactory library as an example.
"2. A general overhauling of the books
and weeding out of the unfit.
"3. The recording of the remainder in a
simple accessions book.
"4. Arrangement of books by subject ac-
cording to some standard system of library
classification.
"5. Making of a card shelf list, from
which an annual inventory should be taken.
"6. Author and title list, at the least, on
cards ; though an analytical dictionary-cata-
log would be preferable.
"7. Fully annotated printed finding-list of
about 1000 volumes, for distribution to
inmates in their cells, to be used in all
institutions.
"8. Typewritten lists of new books in
shops and other places where they can be
consulted by the inmates.
"9. Circulation of current magazines to
inmates.
"10. Selection of books in foreign lan-
guages.
"n. A few indispensable aids to book
selection and annotated lists of juvenile
books and books in foreign languages.
"12. Limited access to the shelves.
"13. Reading-room for trustworthy in-
mates.
"14. Closer censorship of novels.
"15. New books, carefully selected."
Following the receipt of this information,
Mr. Osborne asked for recommendations in
a form that could be presented to the gov-
ernor. This report as submitted included
a recommendation, as the first step toward
necessary reform, for the appointment of a
library inspector for the prison and reform-
atory libraries throughout the state, and
the action of Iowa, Nebraska, Minnesota,
Wisconsin, Oregon, and Ohio in appointing
such supervisors is described. As a result
of the committee's report, the state commis-
sion included in its report to the governor
recommendations for the establishment in
the penal institutions of the state of a
thorough system of education under the
administration of the state commissioner of
education, and that the libraries in such
institutions be at once improved and their
administration be placed under the direc-
tion of the New York State Library.
No action has yet been taken on this part
of the commission's report, but the super-
intendent of prisons and the State Library
are on friendly terms, and the former as-
sures the library that the prison department
is ready at once, or as soon as a suitable
inspector can be appointed or designated by
840
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[November, 1914
the library, to clothe him with all necessary
authority to carry out the needed reforms
and to continue to supervise the libraries in
all the prisons. An effort will be made by
the State Library to get authority and sal-
ary for such an inspector from the coming
legislature. Meantime, it has helped to
select books for several of the prison libra-
ries during the past year, and is likely to be
called on for more of this kind of assist-
ance. The committee feels that the situation
is distinctly hopeful.
CARNEGIE CORPORATION LIBRARY
GIFTS— SEPTEMBER, 1914.
ORIGINAL GIFTS, UNITED STATES
Beaufort Township, S. C $ 7,500
College View, Neb 7,500
Frederick, Okla 10,000
Howard, S. D 7,500
Royal Centre and Boone Town-
ship, Ind 10,000
Saugerties, N. Y 12,500
Unionville, (Town of Farmington)
Conn 8,500
Wymore, Neb 10,000
$73,500
INCREASES, UNITED STATES
Downers Grove, 111 $ 1,000
Perth Amboy, N. J 30,000
St. Petersburg, Fla 5,000
Toulon, 111 1,000
$37,000
INCREASES, CANADA
Hespeler, Ontario $1,000
OTHER ORIGINAL GIFTS
Ashburton, N. Z £i,75°
THE DISTRIBUTION OF STATE
DOCUMENTS
THE following recommendations pre-
sented by the Committee on Exchange and
Distribution of State Documents, Mrs. M. C.
Spencer, chairman, at the 1914 meeting of
the National Association of State Libra-
ries, were adopted by the association and
a copy ordered sent to each state librarian :
First. It is the unanimous opinion of
the committee that state exchanges should
be distributed as generously and widely as
possible regardless of any lack of reci-
procity on the part of the recipients.
Second. That so far as possible this dis-
tribution should extend to other institutions
which might wish to use them.
Third. That the state library should be
the distributing point of all state docu-
ments, and that enough copies of these
documents should be given to every state
library to satisfy all possible requests. This
committee, however, would not encourage
the distribution by state librarians of dupli-
cate documents of other states.
Fourth. Recognizing the fact that "the
trash of to-day is the treasure of to-mor-
row," it is the belief of this committee that
state librarians should realize the impor-
tance of state documents from an historical
as well as a legal standpoint, and should
make their sets as complete as possible.
Fifth. That a standing committee be
appointed from this association which dur-
ing the year shall correspond with all state
librarians for the purpose of increasing
the exchange of state documents, gathering
statistics, etc., and investigating conditions.
Sixth. That the Librarian of Congress
be requested if possible to publish a check
list of foreign documents which are in the
principal libraries of the United States.
This would be of great advantage not only
to the state but to all the large libraries.
Seventh. That a list of states be pre-
pared by the National Association of State
Libraries in which should be included only
the states which give all documents which
are under their control; that this list be
published in connection with the proceed-
ings of the association.
%ibrar£ Organisations
MASSACHUSETTS LIBRARY CLUB
The eighty-fifth meeting of the Massachu-
setts Library Club was held at Stockbridge,
October 22-24, in connection with the Berk-
shire Library Club, the Western Massachusetts
Library Club and the Free Public Library
Commission. All the meetings but one were
held in the High School.
Mr. R. R. Bowker, editor of the LIBRARY
JOURNAL, and president of the Stockbridge
Library Association, welcomed the club. In
most happy vein he invited all visitors to enjoy
November, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
841
the natural beauties of Stockbridge, and out-
lined for them the interesting historical and
literary associations of the place; he men-
tioned as deserving particular attention a col-
lection of books in the library written either in
or about Stockbridge, or by people of the town.
Rev. George N. Holcomb followed Mr. Bow-
ker with an address upon "Rural literature."
The speaker limited the title to writings which
are artistic in form and expression, which
make their appeal primarily not to the intel-
lect, but to the emotions and the will, and
which aim to interpret nature or to idealize
country life or rural vocations. He treated
the subject historically, tracing the rural idea
in literature from early Greek and Roman
times to the present.
Mr. J. Randolph Coolidge, Jr., opened the
session, Friday morning, by the reading of a
letter from Mr. Lane, of the Harvard College
library. Mr. Lane again called the attention
of the club to the union list of periodicals of
Boston and vicinity being edited by Mr.
Homer. He expressed the hope that many
libraries would further the work of Mr.
Homer by subscriptions.
Mr. Fleischner showed a copy of the new
edition of the "Catalogue of architectural
literature" published by the Boston Public
Library. It contains many new topics — city
planning, village improvement, restoration of
buildings, expositions — which make it a valu-
able bibliographical tool for libraries, both
large and small.
Mr. Wellman, as president of the A. L. A.,
and Dr. Hill, of Brooklyn, as a visitor, were
officially greeted by the president of the club
and made fitting reply.
Mr. Henry D. Johnson, editor of the Graphic
Art, who read the first paper on "American
printing of to-day: its achievements and its
faults," divided the subject into two parts —
book and commercial printing. He brought
before the club some of the general features
of the printing industry of to-day: I — The
dominant note of beauty and comfort prevail-
ing in the buildings of modern printing and
publishing houses. 2 — The great improvement
in illustrations and commercial printing con-
stantly taking place. 3— The status of book
printing. In the thirty thousand publishing
and printing offices of the United States, there
are hardly a score pre-eminent for the high
standard of their book-making. This is due
partly to the fact that comparatively few em-
ployes in such shops are by training and in-
terest qualified for book-making, and partly
to the indifference to craftsmanship on the
part of the publisher. 4 — The enormous de-
velopment of commercial printing, beginning
with the day of the handbill and the market re-
port and coming down to our own period of
the mail-order catalog, which sells literally
millions of dollars worth of goods a year.
5 — The need for thorough training in historic
ornament and classic lettering to be applied to
industrial design. The requirement is not for
a greater originality and versatility on the
part of the designer, but a personal expression
resulting from instruction as laid down above.
The best letterers we have to-day, such as
Goudy, Hapgood, Dwiggins, Cleland and Ed-
wards, are students of historical design and of
classic lettering. 6 — The educational steps
which have been taken in printing. Since the
apprenticeship system has lapsed there has
been nothing to take its place until recently,
when printing classes have been started in
grammar and high schools, which contribute
somewhat to advancement in the craft. In
Boston, New York, Chicago and Pittsburgh,
courses in printing and an apprenticeship sys-
tem have been successfully combined. In the
same cities a zest for better printing is shown
by the organization of craftsmen's clubs.
Since the men composing these associations
will naturally turn to libraries for books on
their subject, the best must be gathered here
for them. Mr. Johnson recommended the fol-
lowing books on lettering and printing, desig-
nating Mr. Brown's book on "Letters and
lettering" as the best single volume.
The practice of typography. By Theodore L. De-
Vinne. Four vols. Published by The Century Co.,
New York. Each a izmo volume of from 400 to 500
pages, with full indices. Price per volume, $2.00 net.
(Postage, 12 cents in U. S.) The four titles are:
"Plain printing types," "Correct composition," "Mod-
ern methods ot book composition," "Title pages."
Alphabets, old and new. By Lewis F. Day. Pub-
lished by Chas. Scribner's Sons, New York, izmo,
219 illustrations. Price, $1.25; postage, 10 cents.
Principles of design. By G. Woollescroft Rhead.
Published by Chas. Scribner's Sons, New York.
Letters and lettering. By F. C. Brown. Published
by Bates & Guild Co., Boston. 234 pp.; size, 5?4 x 8%
inches, bound in buckram. Price, $2.00. An illus-
trated treatise, containing two hundred and ten ex-
amples, a complete and varied collection of alphabets
of standard and modern forms, so arranged as to be
most practically and conveniently useful to designers,
architects, craftsmen, and all who have to draw letter-
forms.
Writing and illuminating and lettering. By Edward
Johnston. Published by Macmillan Co. 8vo, cloth.
Price, $2.00.
Book of alphabets for use in schools. By H. W.
Shaylor. Published by Ginn & Co., Boston. Pamphlet,
8 x 6y2 inches, 24 pp. Price, 10 cents a copy; $1.00
a dozen.
Proofreading and punctuation. By A. M. Smith,
Philadelphia. Published by the author. 187 pp.,
cloth, illustrated. Price by mail, $r.io.
Of the decorative illustration of books old and new.
By Walter Crane. With numerous illustrations. i2mo.
$2.00 net. A very useful resume of book illustra-
tion from the earliest times, with numerous repro-
ductions of the best examples.
842
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[November, 1914
Lettering in ornament. By Lewis F. Day. An
enquiry into the decorative use of lettering, past,
present, and possible. With 200 illustrations of old
and modern work. i2mo. $2.00 net. Contains very
useful examples of old lettering and wood-cut initials
from Mss. and early printed books.
The second part of Mr. Johnson's talk con-
sisted of running comments on his exhibit of
commercial printing and the best in American
book-making.
"Quest of the type ideal," by Mr. William Dana
Orcutt, of the Plimpton Press, was closely allied
to the foregoing paper. He took the subject
back to the beginnings of printing, and ex-
plained the evolution of type designing from
the earliest times to the present. With the aid
of the stereopticon, he showed examples of
the famous type faces cut by Schoeffer, Jensen,
Aldus, Etienne, Plantin, Elzevir, Baskerville,
Didot, and William Morris, pointing out their
characteristics and showing the rise and fall
in the degree of excellence as indications of
the culture of the period. A pleasing feature
of Mr. Orcutt's talk was a recital of his per-
sonal experiences at the Laurentian Library in
Florence in designing the "humanistic type."
"It seemed strange," Mr. Orcutt said, "that no
one had ever used the hand lettering of the
original manuscripts as the basis of a type,
being content to base new faces on old types,
themselves based upon hand lettering of lesser
excellence."
In the afternoon the meeting was held at
the log cabin of Mr. R. R. Bowker, where the
program was carried out in connection with
the reception and tea. As the day was warm,
the meeting was held outdoors in the pine
woods.
Mrs. Mary E. Root, children's librarian of
the Providence (R. I.) Public Library, spoke
on "The negative and the positive side of the
library work with children; or, Is there a
backbone in library work with children?" —
the latter half of the title being added as a
concession to the critics of children's work.
While the latter have ceased to call it senti-
mental, there is still a question as to whether
it is overdeveloped. A recreation survey con-
ducted in Providence in 1912 showed 25,000
children patronizing the moving pictures, 10,-
ooo the poolrooms, and 8,000 the dance halls
in one week. A questionnaire conducted by
the schools brought to light who is supplying
the reading besides the library and what is
its character. Probably Alger's books sell
better than those of any other one juvenile
author. He has seven publishers, and his
books can be bought for from ten cents to
one dollar per copy. The need is for more
good books in cheaper editions. The Boy
Scout library is a fine beginning, but good
books for less than fifty cents should be found
on the market. Mrs. Root has had remark-
able success in conducting a "story hour,"
where she read aloud to a group of children
a book, chapter by chapter, from week to
week. To make 100 boys understand one fine
book is better than charging 1,000 books sim-
ply to run up the circulation.
Mr. Lewis continued the subject of work
with children, explaining an outline prepared
by the Western Massachusetts Library Club
(to be printed in full in the JOURNAL next
month), covering the arrangement of books,
the catalog, and reference books. A general
discussion followed the presentation of this
subject. Miss Jordan, of Boston, suggested
that the value of the outline would depend
upon the co-operation of the teachers. She
also thought it advisable to include in the
hour's work some explanation of the use of
indexes and tables of contents in an ordinary
book. Cambridge has 600 high school fresh-
men in different divisions ; they come to the
library for two periods five days in the week
for a fortnight. At Springfield they cover
fewer subjects and more simply. The children
learn to use the catalog and answer five ques-
tions from books found in their room.
At the evening meeting there were two sec-
tions. At one, Mr. Walter R. Briggs, librarian
of Trinity College, Hartford, Conn., spoke on
the "Use and care of maps," and Mr. Archi-
bald Gary Coolidge, director of the Harvard
University Library, spoke on "Some problems
of a university library." At the other, the
local secretaries related the experiences they
had had in their work. Miss Louisa M.
Hooper being unable to preside, Mr. Fison
conducted this meeting.
Mr. Briggs thinks so much has been done in
the way of general indexes, such as Poole's,
that it would be both possible and desirable
to compile a fully annotated list of atlases
and maps in print, together with an index to
the best maps in recent books and periodicals,
and to keep up a yearly supplement of the
same. But even if this is not done, he says,
"we have not extracted from the books upon
the shelves of our libraries all the 'by-products'
which they are capable of furnishing and for
which there is popular and genuine demand,"
and we can go a long way toward solving the
problem by adding to the catalogs under the
subject of maps, many more cards than is
now the practice, by adopting some uniform
method of more fully describing the maps,
and by exhibiting them on a revolving map
rack.
November, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
843
Mr. Coolidge, seconding Mr. Briggs's sug-
gestions for a usable map collection, added
hat libraries ought to acquire old county
naps, which are invaluable for future as well
is present use.
The first of "Some problems of a university
ibrary" is the financial one. "It is not a
[uestion of making ends meet, tmt of making
;o many ends meet," Mr. Coolidge says. Then
:omes the question of providing duplicate
:opies, of having an excellent reference libra-
•ian, of keeping abreast of the times, of how
horottghly books in foreign languages should
>e cataloged. Last, but not least of the prob-
ems of a university library, is the one of
ending books. It is flattering to be asked for
•are books, but often they are gone when they
ire most needed on the shelves of the home
ibrary — and sometimes it is hard to feel that
t is more blessed to give than to receive.
Mr. Fison heard the reports of the various
ocal secretaries appointed by the Free Public
-ibrary Commission. These revealed a num-
>er of novel methods of dealing with the ques-
ion involved, which is. to bring the smaller
ibraries together in groups where they may
alk freely without feeling the constraint im-
>osed by large numbers of people, and with-
mt being obliged to go far and be at great
ixpense. In some instances the largest library
>f the group made a sort of social affair of a
neeting, serving tea or other refreshments,
liscussing the problems of the smaller libra-
ies at the same time. Some had meetings to
vhich outside speakers were bidden. Others
howed their own resources, discussed new
»ooks, saved up typical questions to be an-
;wered. Again, other secretaries have simply
nade neighborly calls. Inter-library loans
lave been established as the result of meet-
ngs. Such gatherings will doubtless serve as
L clearing-house for ideas, and an incentive to
enthusiastic work upon the part of all con-
:erned.
At the end of the Friday evening meeting,
Mr. Moulton moved a vote of thinks for the
dndly reception by the Stockbridge Library
\ssociation, Mr. and Mrs. Bowker and the
lotel management, and so filled was everyone
vith a sense of friendly hospitality enjoyed
ind of general pleasure in the entire meeting,
:hat a blanket motion to cover all exigencies
jvas proposed by the president and heartily
icceded to by all.
Saturday morning's session, the Free Public
library Commission Conference on "How some
nteresting problems have been practically
solved," was presided over by Mr. O. C. Davis,
Df Waltham. Miss Abby L. Sargent, of Med-
ford, said her aim this year had been to draw
children from the cheap picture shows. Ac-
cordingly, the library bought a radiopticon
and screen for approximately $30 and began
work last December with a presentation of
"The Birds' Christmas Carol." From that time
on, stories in series were conducted. Travel
talk afternoons were followed up with the cir-
culation of books on the subject. Industries
of Medford, logging and shipbuilding, care
of and kindness to animals, were other after-
noons' entertainments. This year, Miss Sar-
gent expects to try one long story continued
from week to week, since desultory work
merely produces "mental indigestion." Mr.
Evans, of Woburn, thinks the services of
many people who cannot afford to contribute
money to the library can be had for the ask-
ing in a small community. He made most
practical and economical suggestions for cov-
ering circulating magazines, for keeping news-
papers when a library had no newspaper room,
and disposing of other vexing matters of a
like nature. Miss Thurston, of Leicester,
spoke of the need in her library of a lecture
room, and how she can make over what is
now a museum for that purpose. She spoke,
too, of getting a group of librarians together
to solve the problems of book repairing, under
Miss Tillinghast's direction. Miss Sornborger,
of Hopedale, told of the Victrola concerts
given at her library Sunday afternoons. Peo-
ple are invited to bring their own records, and
one-twentieth of the population have so far
cordially responded. The latter part of Satur-
day morning, Miss Tillinghast gave her book-
mending demonstration.
EUGENIA HENRY, Recorder.
WYOMING LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
Six librarians and library trustees of Wyo-
ming met in Laramie, Wyoming, on October
6 to discuss Wyoming library affairs. This
was the first meeting of librarians ever held
in the state. The meeting had been arranged
by Mrs. William Snow, a trustee of the Basin
Public Library, and chairman of the Library
Extension Committee of the State Federation
of Women's Clubs, and Dr. Grace Hebard, li-
brarian of the University of Wyoming. Mr.
Chalmers Hadley, librarian of the Denver
Public Library, was invited to participate in
these meetings and did so as the representative
of the American Library Association.
The first meeting was held in the audito-
rium of the Laramie Public Library build-
ing. Mrs. Snow presided and Miss Clark,
candidate for state superintendent of public
instruction, acted as temporary chairman.
844
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[November, 1914
Mr. Hadley was asked to explain the work-
ings of a state library association and to tell
what benefits to the library interests of Wyo-
ming such an association might bring.
During the meeting about fifty members of
the Federation of Women's Clubs, many of
whom were interested in the library develop-
ment of the state, and whose clubs were back
of the library activities, joined the meeting.
Following Mr. Hadley's address, it was de-
cided by unanimous vote to organize a Wyo-
ming Library Association, and a committee on
constitution and by-laws was appointed con-
sisting of Dr. Grace Hebard, Mr. Hadley,
Mrs. Gibson Clark of Cheyenne, chairman of
the Federation's legislative committee, Mrs.
N. E. Corthell of Laramie, Mrs. Merritt of
Douglas, and Mrs. William Snow.
Dr. Hebard then discussed the activities
of the University of Wyoming in sending out
traveling libraries over the state. Dr. Heb-
ard has the department of political economy
at the State University, but for many years
she has also served as librarian at the Uni-
versity, which has a library containing some
36,000 volumes. Owing to the call for books
from isolated communities in the state, she
started eleven traveling libraries from the
University and will continue to send them
out until a Library Commission can take
charge of this phase of work.
A second meeting of librarians and trus-
tees and those interested in library work was
held on the following day. Dr. Hebard pre-
sided and Mr. W. S. Ingham, librarian of the
Laramie Public Library, was made secretary.
Among those present at this meeting was Dr.
C. A. Duniway, president of the University
of Wyoming, who gave a short talk on the
library needs of the state. He said that one
of the hindrances to the best library work
came from the fact that in Wyoming the three
library trustees for each public library were
appointed by their respective county commis-
sioners and that these commissioners fre-
quently failed to appreciate the proper quali-
fications for successful work by library
trustees. Dr. Duniway then presented a reso-
lution, which was passed, and which will be
sent as a communication from the Wyoming
Library Association to all the county com-
missioners in the state. The resolution re-
quested the county commissioners, in naming
trustees of Wyoming public libraries, to ap-
point only those who by their interest in li-
braries, or experience, were fitted to fill suc-
cessfully the position of trustee.
In discussing library support, Mr. Hadley
stated that the maximum county tax of one-
fourth of a mill for library purposes, which
was designated by the Wyoming law, was too
low, and advocated that this amount be raised
to a tax of a mill for library purposes. The
association decided to take up this matter of
increased taxation for library support. Mr.
Holiday, president of the Laramie Public Li-
brary board of trustees, stated that in his
opinion the matter should be brought before
the Wyoming legislature and the law amended
to increase library appropriations. He called
attention to the immense territory that each
public library in Wyoming had to serve. The
Wyoming library law makes each public li-
brary in the state a county library. As the
distances are immense, it means that library
service is expensive. The Laramie Public
Library, for instance, is the county library
of Albany county, which is 120 x 70 miles in
extent, an area of 8400 square miles.
Mrs. Gibson Clark of Cheyenne, chairman
of the legislative committee of the Federa-
tion of Women's Clubs, stated that library
work was backward in many Wyoming libra-
ries because of the untrained librarians in
charge of work. She urged that the new as-
sociation take its stand for the appointment
only of trained librarians.
The committee on the constitution then sub-
mitted a report which was adopted unani-
mously. An interesting feature in the by-
laws was a provision that the chairman of the
library extension committee of the Federa-
tion of Women's Clubs should be ex-officio
a member of the executive committee of the
Wyoming Library Association.
Twenty-one persons then signed the con-
stitution and became charter members of the
Association. Dr. Duniway was one of these.
Officers for the ensuing year were elected as
follows : President, Dr. Grace Hebard, libra-
rian University of Wyoming; vice-president,
Mrs. William Snow, trustee of the Basin Pub-
lic Library; secretary-treasurer, Mr. J. S.
Ingham, librarian of the Laramie Public Li-
brary.
The members felt enthusiastic over the for-
mation of the association. It was decided to
meet annually and to join the Colorado Libra-
ry Association in bi-state meetings when this
was feasible. The officers of the association
believe that the librarians of the state will
attend the state meetings, although the dis-
tances are very great. One librarian present
who lived nearer Laramie than many others,
stated that the round trip fare to the library
cost her $60 and that over 24 hours were
spent in the journey on the train.
On the evening of the 7th, the newly or-
ganized Library Association met with the
general Federation of Clubs, when Mr. Had-
November, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
845
ley spoke on the work of a public library
commission and its influence on the state.
At a meeting of the executive committee
of the association following this address, it
was decided that until a Library Commission
could be established by the state legislature,
the University of Wyoming should Le asked
to permit Dr. Hebard to devote some of her
time to acting in an advisory capacity for li-
brarians of the state. At present there are
seventeen libraries in the state of Wyoming.
A resolution was passed asking the club wo-
men present to request the library trustees in
their respective towns, to see that their libra-
rians join the Wyoming Library Association
and to send them to its annual meetings.
MINNESOTA LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
The twenty-second annual meeting of the
Minnesota Library Association was held in
Little Falls, Tuesday, Wednesday and Thurs-
day, September 15 to 17, 1914. Arriving libra-
rians and guests of the association were met
at trains by a cordial receiving committee of
Little Falls citizens and were taken in auto-
mobiles to the homes, where they were enter-
tained during their stay in the city.
An informal reception was held, Tuesday
afternoon, in the library, where tea was served
by the staff, and after registration, members
of the association were taken for an automo-
bile ride through the town and adjoining coun-
try. In the evening a dinner was served by
the ladies' club of the Congregational Church
in the church gymnasium to ninety guests.
An address of welcome was given by Mrs.
L. D. Brown, vice-president of the Little Falls
Library Board, to which the president of tht
association, Miss Martha Wilson, responded.
The address of the evening was given by
Dr. William Dawson Johnston, librarian of
the St. Paul Public Library, on "The margin
of leisure." He classified people generally in
two classes — one class comprising those who
are so busy that they have no time for any-
thing but themselves and their own pursuits;
the other class, including those who, through
wiser expenditure of their moments, find time
to admit the performance of many things out-
side of their professional limits. Dr. John-
ston recommended gardening or the pursuit
of nature study as a means of contrast and
relief from the confinement of library work.
His second recommendation for the use of
leisure was for the librarian to inform him-
self of the contents of the volumes on the
shelves of the library. This, he pointed out, is
the most profitable means of recreation for the
librarian. At the conclusion of the evening
program, the visiting librarians were guests
of Mr. C. A. Weyerhaeuser and Mr. R. Drew
Musser at a special performance of the photo-
play, "Hiawatha," at the Victor Theater.
On Wednesday morning the second session
was held. Miss Baldwin spoke of a teachers'
pension bill which is to come before the legis-
lature at the next session. School librarians
are not included in this bill, and at Miss Bald-
win's suggestion, a committee, consisting of
Miss Baldwin, Miss Dorothy Hurlbert and
Mr. R. L. Walkley, prepared a resolution
which was adopted by the association, that
school librarians should be eligible for teach-
ers' pensions, according to the standard of
service and training. A copy of this resolu-
tion will be sent to the Minnesota Education
Association.
A tentative suggestion was made by the
president that the secretary of the library
committee be made ex-officio permanent secre-
tary of the Minnesota Library Association,
but no action was taken on the matter.
The program of the morning followed, the
main theme being "The library and public rec-
reation." As recreational adjuncts, Miss Dor-
othy D. Hurlbert, librarian of the Moorhead
Normal School Library, advocated the use of
moving pictures in the library. Miss Hurlbert
has investigated the film-making concerns,
their educational or otherwise advantages,
their use at the present time in libraries and
other educational and scientific institutions,
and strongly recommends the use of moving
pictures either through the State Library Com-
mission or independently. Miss Stella Steb-
bins and Miss Ethel Wright, of the Virginia
Public Library, told of the use of the Victrola
in that library. Miss Margaret J. Evans, of
Northfield, gave a talk, entitled "After all-
books," maintaining that there is nothing so
truly recreative as reading for pleasure, the
reader having as reward not only the accretion
of knowledge and strength, but also the friend-
ships of those great characters who live in the
pages of books. "How to tell a story" was
outlined by Mrs. Gudrun Thorne-Thomsen, of
Chicago, who advocated the grouping of chil-
dren by age, and advised small groups. In
answer to a question, Mrs. Thomsen stated
that it was better primarily to tell the story;
but in stories where the language of the author
is essential, rather than to commit it to mem-
ory, it is better to read it aloud. The great
art of the story-teller is for her not to be
noticed in the telling, to forget everything but
the children and the story.
The topic of the afternoon was "The library
and the club." The first subject, "Program-
846
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[November, 191
making for clubs," was discussed by Miss
Margaret Palmer, librarian of the Chisholm
Public Library. Mrs. Margaret Baker, of the
Agricultural Extension Division of the Uni-
versity of Minnesota, spoke on "The town
library and the country club," telling of the
work done in the department for rural com-
munities and emphasizing the value of clubs
and co-operative industries. She also de-
scribed a model rural community in miniature,
which was to be exhibited the following week
at the Duluth Industrial Exposition. "Wo-
men's clubs and the recreation movement" was
the subject of an inspiring talk by Mrs. Clar-
ence L. Atwood, president of the Minnesota
Federation of Women's Clubs. Mrs. Atwood
defined the library as the first friend of the
federated clubs of this state, stating that the
foundation for all the club* is study, and that
first aid and co-operation have always been
found at the library. Mrs. Atwood stated that
there are at present 17,000 women enrolled in
the various federated clubs of the state, and
asked the co-operation of the libraries with
these women in obtaining the passage of meas-
ures providing for (i) conservation of forests,
especially in the northern part of the state;
(2) good roads : the creation of a revolving
fund to be used in road-making; (3) women's
reformatory: the same opportunity for de-
linquent women that is given to girls in the
reform school at Sauk Center. Mrs. Atwood
made an earnest plea for the conducting of
public amusement through libraries and
schools. The afternoon session was closed
with a story hour for the children of Little
Falls by Mrs. Thomsen, and a trustees' round-
table conducted by Mr. L. R. Moyer, of the
Montevideo Library Board.
The evening meeting was held in the au-
ditorium of the high school building. A group
of ballads was sung by Mrs. C. A. Weyer-
haeuser, accompanied by Mrs. R. Drew Musser
at the piano.
The address of the evening, "The educational
value of literature for children," was given by
Mrs. Thorne-Thomsen. She deplored the story
with a moral or truth attached, a sermon in dis-
guise, saying that the child will not have that
kind, and that it is hard to realize how chil-
dren analyze even our most moral stories. She
also objected in no uncertain terms to the
teaching of nature by means of the well-
known, belittling stories which make its won-
ders a mixture of human emotions and not a
science ; also the use of the finest of our litera-
ture to teach grammar. She advocated plays
for children as a means of directing the imag-
ination.
Thursday morning an experience meetin
was conducted by the president. The firs
topic, "Helps in meeting the demands of th
day," was discussed by Mr. A. D. Keator, o
the Minneapolis Public Library. Mr. Keato
outlined a large number of helps for the libra
rian in the way of special publications, speakin
particularly of trade catalogs, information:
booklets put out by manufacturing cor
cerns, railroad and steamship advertising mz
terial, and state and municipal reports, beside
the publications of various societies and ir
stitutions which may, in many cases, be ot
tained without cost. Bliss' Encyclopedia c
Social Reform, in its discussions on speci;
topics, often notes the name of the society c
institution where more detailed informatio
may be obtained, and a pamphlet compiled i
1911 for the New Jersey Library Associatio
by the Newark Public Library, is entitled "S<
cial questions of the day; selected sources c
information." Mr. Keator mentioned a su(
cessful display of seed and nurserymen's cats
logs in the Minneapolis Library in the sprinj
which was much used and appreciated. En
phasis was laid on newspaper clippings, an<
in addition, Mr. Keator advised making use c
duplicate copies of good news-magazines lifc
the Outlook, Literary Digest and the Indt
pendent for supplementary clipping.
Social conditions governing the school an
library were discussed under the head c
"School relationships," by Miss Frances Sav
yer, of Keewatin; Miss Eva Davis, of Sau
Center; and Miss Stella Stebbins and Mis
Ethel Wright, of Virginia. While due en
phasis was laid upon the economy in adminii
tration, the main argument advanced was thi
the school and library formed the ideal nuclet
for social center activities in the small towi
and that by means of the library and th
school the librarian is given the opportunit
to reach and direct the children in their read
ing.
An administration question-box, conducte
by Miss Baldwin, disclosed a number of intei
esting features of library work throughot
the state. The new Chisholm Library has
room devoted to games which is used b
various groups of boys in charge of a mai
also by groups of girls from department store!
etc. ; Miss Wiley, of Hibbing, reported a li
brary booth at the county fair; the Minneapo
lis Library, by judicious advertising, secure'
a very successful circulation of books on th
care of babies ; the Two Harbors Library re
ported very satisfactory work with girls' clubs
the Fergus Falls Library had great succes
with the story hour during the past year
November, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
847
Mankato Library plans to use library fines to
pay for bringing art exhibits to the library.
The resolutions committee presented resolu-
tions of thanks to the citizens of Little Falls
for their hospitality, and to all officers and
speakers for the excellent program provided.
The nominations committee made the follow-
ing report: President, Dr. William Dawson
Johnston, St. Paul; vice-president, Miss Alice
Farr, Mankato ; secretary, Miss Clara F. Bald-
win, St. Paul ; executive committee, Miss Mabel
Newhard, Virginia; Mr. L. R. Moyer, Monte-
video.
A suggestion was made by the president that
a committee be appointed to revise the con-
stitution of the association. On motion, duly
seconded and carried, this matter was referred
to the incoming executive committee.
CLARA F. BALDWIN, Secretary.
NEW YORK LIBRARY CLUB
The first meeting of the year was held in
the auditorium of the Young Women's Chris-
tian Association, 7 East I5th Street, New
York City, October 8,. 1914, with President
Stevens in the chair and 128 members and
guests present.
Four new members were elected, and the
president then made a brief statement express-
ing plasure at the union of the Long Island
Club with the New York Library Club and
welcoming the new members.
Mr. Donald Hendry, who was in charge of
the A. L. A. exhibit in the International Expo-
sition of the Book Industries and Graphic
Arts at Leipzig in June and July, read a paper
on Leipzig and the Exposition. After speak-
ing of the importance of Leipzig as a publish-
ing center and of the "Deutsche Biicherei," an
institution founded in 1913 which is to con-
tain one copy of every book published in Ger-
many and of books in the German language
published in other countries dating from 1913,
Mr. Hendry described the "Stadtische Biicher-
hallen," a system of four public libraries re-
cently installed, and the "Leipziger Arbeiter-
bildungsinstitut" a private library enterprise
with sixty branches which are patronized par-
ticularly by the Social Democratic party.
Their circulation is very large and those who
act as librarians and assistants give their ser-
vices voluntarily.
Mr. Hendry gave an informal report of the
annual meeting of the Germany Library As-
sociation, which he attended, and a general de-
scription of the scope of the Exposition.
In the library section German university li-
braries were strongly represented. The Berlin
Royal Library showed a section of its read-
ing-room and cases of printed catalog cards.
Leipzig University Library exhibited a charg-
ing-desk and there was a model of the Royal
Library in Florence. In the A. L. A. section
the exhibit did much to acquaint the library
world of Europe with the extent of library
work in America and with the methods em-
ployed. The children's room, fully equipped,
was one of the most popular features.
The resignation of the officers elected in
May was read. Their action was taken as a
result of the consolation of the New York and
Long Island clubs, which by forming a new
club rendered their election invalid. The fol-
lowing officers were elected to take their
places: President, Mr. Frederick W. Jenkins,
librarian, Russell Sage Foundation Library;
vice-president, Miss Harriot E. Hassler,
Queens Borough Public Library; secretary,
Miss Eleanor H. Frick, librarian, American
Society of Civil Engineers ; treasurer, Mr.
Robert L. Smith, Brooklyn Public Library.
Mr. Jenkins on assuming the chair made a
short address and said in part that the diver-
sity of interests on the part of members in
both the Long Island Library Club and the
New York Library Club was now a thing of
the past ; that the two clubs were now one, and
that there should be a desire to do twice as
much because of our enlarged membership.
He stated further that there was an opportun-
ity to make the New York Library Club not
only one of the largest but one of the most ef-
fective clubs. Becoming better acquainted one
with another, and making the Bulletin repre-
sentative of the club, were two suggestions to
this end.
ELEANOR H. FRICK, Secretary.
BAY PATH LIBRARY CLUB
The Bay Path Library Club held its autumn
meeting at the Damon Memorial Public Li-
brary, Holden, Mass., Oct. I. The club re-
ceived a very hearty welcome from Mr. W. L.
Williams, trustee of the Holden Library.
After a short business meeting, the "Ques-
tion-box" was opened by Miss Florence E.
Wheeler, and the members of the club joined
in a most informal discussion of library prob-
lems. It was such a practical method of
solving problems, it will undoubtedly be re-
peated at future meetings.
Miss Abby B. Shute, librarian of the Free
Public Library at Auburn, Mass., gave a very
interesting paper on the work with children
in a small library. "How the public libraries
may assist in the work of the extension service
of Massachusetts Agricultural College" was
taken up by Prof. Laura Comstock, of the
department of home economics. Prof. Com-
stock not only pointed the way to help the
848
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[November, 1914
M. A. C. work, but she gave many practical
suggestions in regard to the best books to
purchase, and told of many ways in which the
college extension work could be of service to
the libraries.
Mr. Orlando C. Davis, librarian of the
Waltham Public Library, read a paper on "The
library and the general morality of a com-
munity." The paper was full of very broad
ideas, and was a splendid inspiration to all
library workers.
FLORENCE E. WHEELER, Secretary.
SLtbrarg Scbools
NEW YORK STATE LIBRARY SCHOOL
Forty-seven students are enrolled for the
school year, which began Oct. 7. Twenty of
these are in the senior and 27 in the junior
class. Six of those listed with the former
class are members of earlier classes who are
continuing their school work in connection
with their service as members of the State
Library staff. Fifteen of the 20 seniors and
18 of the 27 juniors have had some library ex-
perience. The European war and the resulting
financial stringency in many parts of the United
States has caused an unusually large number
of admitted candidates to postpone entrance
until 1915. One European student has been
unable to attend until conditions are more
stable, and in one case an applicant under con-
sideration has gone to the front as a volun-
teer in the allied armies. One of the present
senior class was in Europe at the beginning
of the war, but was, fortunately, able to return
without serious delay. A list of the students
follows :
Class of 1915
Bailey, Beulah, Troy, N. Y., B.A., Cornell University,
1912; indexer, Shaw, Bailey & Murphy Law Offices,
Troy, July-Sept., 1914.
Claflin, Helen Mildred, Attleboro, Mass., B.A., Smith
College, 1913.
Cobb, Mary Elizabeth, Albany, N. Y., B.A., Syracuse
University, 1912; assistant, New York State Li-
brary, Sept., I9i3-date.
Colwell, Emily Kerr, Granville, O., Vassar College,
1911-12; B.A., Denison University, 1913; student
assistant, Denison University Library, Oct., 1912-
Feb., 1913.
Gilchrist, Donald Bean, Franklin, N. H., B.A., Dart
mouth College, 1913; student assistant, Dartmouth
College Library, 1910-13.
Grant, Thirza Eunice, Cleveland, O., B.A., Oberlin
College, 1907; Western Reserve University Library
School, 1907-08; assistant, Cleveland Public Library,
July-Dec., 1908; instructor, Western Reserve Uni-
versity Library School, Jan., 1909- Aug., 1913; as-
sistant in charge of reference work, Michigan Nor-
mal College Library, Ypsilanti, Sept., I9i3-Jan.,
1914-
Greene, May, Albany, N. Y., B.A., Wellesley College,
1910.
Hall, Anna Gertrude, Albany, N. Y., B.A., Leland
Stanford Junior University, 1906; student assistant,
Stanford University Library; assistant, catalog and
accession departments, Stanford University Library
1906-13; cataloger Lane Medical Library, San Fran-
cisco, 1913-14; organizer, Salinas (Cal.) Public Li-
brary, 1909.
Hallsted, Sarah, Waterloo, N. Y., William Smith
College, 1909-10; B.A., Mt. Holyoke College, 1913;
student assistant, Mt. Holyoke College Library*
1912-13.
James, Helen Craig, Albany, N. Y., B.A. Vassar Col-
lege, 1912; assistant cataloger, W. H. Bartlett's
private library, Vermejo Park, N. M., Sept., 1914
Lawson, Mildred H. Troy, N. Y., Pd.B. New York
State Normal College, Albany, 1907; B.A. 1912;
organizer, Sabbath school library, Temple Beth
Emeth, Albany, Sept., 1914.
McCollough, Ruth Dorothy, Franklin, Ind., B.A.
Franklin College, 1913.
McMillen, James Adelbert, Albany, N. Y., B.A., Uni-
versity of Missouri, 1913? assistant and librarian,
Maryville (Mo.) Public Library, 1906-09; assistant,
University of Missouri Library, 1910-13; cataloger,
reference department, New York Public Library,
July i -Sept. 30, 1914; assistant, legislative reference
section, New York State Library, Oct., I9i4-date.
Norton, Margaret Cross, Rockfort, 111., Rockfort Col-
lege, 1909-12; Ph.B. University of Chicago, 1913;
M.A. 1914.
Pidgeon, Marie Kiersted, Saugerties, N. Y., B.A.
Vassar College, 1912; student assistant, Vassar Col-
lege Library, 1912; assistant, New York State Li-
brary, Sept., I9i3-date.
Sherrard, Mary Campbell, Albany, N. Y., B.A. Wilson
College, 1900; assistant, reference section, New York
State Library, Oct.. I9i4-date.
Thompson, Elizabeth Hardy, Albany, N. Y., B.A.
Smith College, 1908; New York State Library
School, 1911-12; temporary cataloger, Bay City
(Mich.) Public Library, July, I9i2-July, 1914; as-
sistant, New York State Library, Sept., I9i4-date.
Thompson, Ruth Elizabeth, Denver, Colorado; New
Hampshire State College, 1908-09; B.A. University
of Denver, 1912; assistant Denver Public Library,
June, I9i2-date.
Vasbinder, Lida C., Albany, N. Y.,. B.A. Elmira Col-
lege, 1901; apprentice assistant, Binghamton (N. Y.)
Public Library, Mar.-May, 1909; New York State
Library School, 1909-10; cataloger, Waterloo (N. Y.)
Public Library, July, 1910; assistant, New York
State Library, Feb., I9i2-date.
Ver Nooy, Winifred, Albany, N. Y., Ph.B. Univer-
sity of Chicago, 1912; apprentice, University of
Chicago Library, Oct., I9i2-Sept., 1913; loan desk
assistant, July, 1914.
Class of 1916
Beatty, M. Irene, Oil City, Pa., B.A. Allegheny
Cpllege, 1913; apprentice course, Oil City Carnegie
Library, 1909.
Birchpldt, Harriet Nebe, Buffalo, N. Y., B.A. Cornell
University, 1911.
Bronk, Clara Louise, Amsterdam, N. Y., B.A. Mount
Holyoke College, 1912; substitute, Amsterdam Free
Library, July, I9i3-Sept., 1914.
Brown, Ruth Lydia, Montpelier, Vt., B.A. Smith
College, 1914; apprentice, Kellogg-Hubbard Library,
Montpelier, summers of 1913, 1914.
Carver, Helen, Cambridge, Mass., B.A., Radcliffe Col-
lege, 1911; B.S. Simmons College, 1913.
Castle, Carolyn May, Rochester, N. Y., B.A. Univer-
sity of Rochester, 1913; assistant, Rochester Public
Library, 1913-14.
Dart, Izella M., Minneapolis, Minn., B.A. University
of Minnesota, 1907.
Driscoll, Marie Monica, Reading, Pa., B.L. Trinity
College, Washington, D. C., 1912; assistant, Reading
Public Library, Jan. -Aug., 1914.
Edwards, Edith, New York, N. Y., Wells College,
1897-99; B.A. University of Chicago, 1901; John
B. Stetson University, 1907-12; probationer and
substitute, New York Public Library, Mar.-Sept.,
1914.
Emerson, Ralf Pomeroy, Detroit, Mich., B.A. Williams
College, 1907.
Furnas, Marcia Moore, Valley Mills, Ind., B.A. Earl-
ham College, 1906; Bryn Mawr College, 1909-10;
summer school, Indiana Public Library Commis-
sion, 1911; assistant cataloger, Indiana State Li-
brary, Indianapolis, Oct., I9i3-date.
November, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
849
Gilfillan, Emily Muriel, New York, N. Y., B.A.
University of Michigan, 1914; student assistant,
University of Michigan Library, Jan.-June, 1913.
Grannis, Edith Emily Higbee, Mankato, Minn., Ham-
line University, 1911-12; B.A. University of Wis-
consin, 1914; assistant and temporary librarian, Min-
nesota State Normal School, Mankato, 1907-10;
substitute assistant, Mankato Public Library, 1907-10.
Grenside, Adelaide Hildegarde, Guelph, Canada, B.A.
Trinity College, University of Toronto, 1914.
Haynes, Marguerite Biddje, Emporia, Kan.. B.A. Col-
lege of Emporia, 1913; Kansas State Normal Col-
lege, Course in Library Science, 1913-14; organizer,
Nortonville (Kan.) City and high school library,
July-Aug., 1914.
Hull, Edna Morris, Warren, O., Oberlin College,
1903-04; B.A. Mount Holyoke College, 1907; student
assistant, Mount Holyoke College Library; appren-
tice course, Carnegie Library, Conneaut, O., July-
Aug., 1914.
Lancefield, Hilda Marguerite, Amity, Ore., Pacific
University, 1908-10; B.A. Whitman College, 1913;
desk assistant, Whitman College Library, 1911-13.
Laws, Helen Moore, Milford, N. H., B.A. Mount
Holyoke College, 1910; student assistant, Mount
Holyoke College Library, 1907-10; assistant, 1910-14.
Meisel, Max, Brooklyn, N. Y., B.S. College of the
City of New York, 1914; Cornell University, sum-
mer session, 1912.
Moore, Edna Grace, Westeryille, O., B.A. Otterbein
University, 1904; M.A. Ohio State University, 1907;
Columbia University, summer session, 1909; Chi-
cago University, summer session, 1910.
Morgan, Jearmette Catherine, Schenectady, N. Y., B.A.
Leland Stanford Junior University, 1909; Univer-
sity of Greifswald, Germany, summer session, 1909;
University of Berlin, winter semester, 1909-10;
classifier and cataloger, Stanford University Library
and Lane Medical Library, San Francisco, 1912-14.
Oberholtzer, Katherine Acker, Troy, N. Y., B.A. Vas-
sar College, 1914.
Retvedt, Ragnhild, Trondhjem, Norway. B.A. Trond-
hjems Kathedralskole; assistant, Trondhjems Folke-
bibliotek, 1913-14.
Shields, Ethel Agnes, Rochester, N. Y., B.A. Uni-
versity of Rochester, 1914; student assistant, Uni-
versity of Rochester, summers of 1911, '12, '13;
temporary assistant, Rochester Theological Seminary,
summers of 1913, '14; assistant, Rochester Public
Library, Mar.-Sept., 1914.
Webb, William, Westchester, Pa., B.A. Haverford
College, 1913; student assistant, Haverford College
Library, 1911-13,
Wilkie, Florence, Ashville, N. C., B.A. State College
of Kentucky, 1906.
Winslow, Mary Amy, Indianapolis, Ind., B.A. Earl-
ham College, 1910; University of Wisconsin, sum-
mer 1911.
The class of 1914 has elected the following
officers for the year : President, Mary C. Sher-
rard, Albany, N. Y.; vice-president, Ruth D.
McCollough, Franklin, Ind.; secretary-treas-
urer, May Greene, Albany, N. Y.
A reception for the students and faculty was
given by Mr. and Mrs. Wyer in Room 310,
one of the school lecture rooms, on the eve-
ning of October 8. This room, which is in
many ways admirably adapted to the holding
of informal receptions and similar social func-
tions, has supplied the need of a school social
center, so much felt while the school was in
its old quarters in the Capitol.
Miss Mary L. Sutliff ('95), for several years
an instructor in the school and now an in-
structor in the New York Ppublic Library
School, has given her excellent collection of
book plates and ex libris literature to the
school in honor of the faculty anniversary of
April i, 1914. It contains 703 book plates,
many of them of considerable value, 4 books
and 62 pamphlets relating to book plates, n
autograph letters and a large amount of mis-
cellaneous material on the subject.
Those who had the pleasure of meeting
Mme. L. Haffkin-Hamburger this past sum-
mer will be pleased to learn that she finally
secured passage on one of the Pacific lines of
steamers and sailed from San Francisco for
Moscow via Japan and Siberia, Sept. 26.
F. K. WALTER.
PRATT INSTITUTE SCHOOL OF LIBRARY
SCIENCE
Miss Harriet B. Gooch, teacher of catalog-
ing, has returned, looking entirely made over
by her five months of enforced rest, and her
marked improvement during the first two
weeks of teaching encourages us to believe
that she will be able to carry on the work of
the year without difficulty.
Of the twenty-five members of the class of
1914 now at work, nine are in Greater New
York, five of these being in the New York
Public Library; seven are in the Middle At-
lantic states, three in New England, four in
the Middle West, one on the Pacific coast, and
one in the District of Columbia ; seven are
general assistants in public libraries, six are
doing cataloging or other clerical work, four
are in children's work, four in special library
work, and two are doing reference work; one
is head of a branch, and one is librarian of a
small public library. They are placed for the
most part in public libraries, only three being
in college libraries and four in special libraries.
ALUMNI NOTES
Miss Florence J. Higley, 1910, was married
on October 6 to Mr. Alfred C. Duncan, of
Brooklyn.
Miss Mabel Bogardus, 1913, has been made
children's librarian of the St. Agnes branch
of the New York Public Library.
Miss Helen G. Alleman, 1914, has received
an appointment as general assistant in the
Osterhout Free Library, Wilkes-Barre, Pa.
Miss Eleanor Gleason, 1914, has been ap-
pointed librarian of the School of Religious
Pedagogy at the Hartford Theological Sem-
inary.
Miss Eleanor Gray, 1914, has been made
assistant at the Library of the Children's Mu-
seum, Brooklyn.
Miss Catherine E. Pennington, 1914, has
been given a permanent appointment in the
Library of the Department of Agriculture.
Miss Elizabeth M. Sawyer, 1914, who re-
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[November, 1914
turned to the Cleveland Public Library, has
been put in charge of the Temple branch.
JOSEPHINE ADAMS RATHBONE,
Vice-Director.
LIBRARY SCHOOL OF THE NEW YORK
PUBLIC LIBRARY
The school reopened September 28, with an
enrolment of 39 juniors, 3 (probably 4) part-
time students from the staff, and 35 seniors.
The juniors represented 15 states, Canada and
China, as follows : New York, 12 ; Minnesota,
4; New Jersey, 4; Michigan, 3; California, 2;
Massachusetts, 2 ; and one each from Arkansas,
District of Columbia, Iowa, Nebraska, Oregon,
Wisconsin, Vermont, Canada, and China. The
part-time students represented three states —
New York, Pennsylvania and New Jersey —
and the seniors fifteen states and Finland, as
follows : New York, 10 ; New Jersey, 4 ; Con-
necticut, 3; Massachusetts, Ohio, Oregon and.
Pennsylvania, each 2; and one each from
Flcrida, Indiana, Michigan, Missouri, Wash-
ington, Wisconsin, Vermont, Virginia and
Finland. In the total enrolment, 17 colleges
a.id universities and 4 state normal schools
are represented by 28 graduates. The statfs
of the following libraries are also represented *.
the public libraries of New York , Akron,
Cleveland, Detroit, East Orange, Hartford,
Madison (N. J.), Minneapolis, Newark, New
Rochelle, Omaha, Pittsburgh, Potts ville (Pa.),
St. Paul, St. Louis, Seattle, Tacoma, Wash-
ington (D. C.) ; the libraries of Boone Col-
lege, Columbia University, Harvard Univer-
sity, Leland Stanford University, and of the
state universities of Idaho and Iowa.
Eleven students arrived September 14 for
the preliminary fortnight of practice. Several
students were among the American refugees
abroad, but all but one senior and one junior
reached the school during the first week of
the term.
Some changes have been made in the junior
curriculum, giving less time to the expansive
classification and more to book selection. The
class has also been divided into two sections
for the work in fiction, Miss Mary O. White
taking Section II. The seniors are distributed
as follows : seven in the school and college
course, seven in the advanced reference and
cataloging course, sixteen in the administra-
tion and seven in the children's librarians'
course. Two students are following two
courses and doing unpaid practice. The others
are placed for the year in various departments
of the library as listed :
May E. Baillet, n'sth Street branch, children's room.
Rachel H. Beall, s8th Street branch, children's room.
Elizabeth V. Briggs, reference catalog room.
Mabel Cooper, 96th Street branch.
May y. Crenshaw, Central circulation
Francis J. Dolezal, stack division.
Florence E. Foshay. Aguilar branch.
Marietta Fuller, reference catalog room.
Edith J. R. Hawley, unpaid practice.
trances Kaercher, Tompkins Square branch first
assistant.
Rose Kahan, science division.
Elizabeth L. Kamenetzky, Woodstock branch.
Mary McDonnell, Central circulation.
Katharine Maynard, Webster branch, first assistant
Dorothy P. Miller Travelling libraries division
Mary L. Osborn, Riverside branch.
Dorothy N. Rogers, Ft. Washington branch.
Irene E. Smith, Library School, teachers' assistant.
Rachel N. T. Stone, Central circulation.
Allan V. Tornudd, main reading-room.
Elizabeth T. Williams, unpaid practice.
Mary E. Winslow, Washington Heights branch,
children s room.
Frances R. Young, Cathedral branch, children's
room.
Mrs. Alma D. Custead, a senior, comes in
from the Public Library of Patchogue, L. L,
of which she is librarian, two mornings a
week for the work of the school, and Miss
Dorothy B. Hepburn takes the work while
holding a position in the library of the Amer-
ican Museum of Natural History.
The following students, graduates of other
library schools, have been admitted to senior
courses : Ruth Brewer, Indiana Library School
and library of Idaho University; Margaret E.
Calfee, Western Reserve Library School and
Cleveland Public Library; Elsie M. Cornew,
Drexel Institute Library School and New
York Public Library; Juliet A. Handerson,
Western Reserve Library School and Cleve-
land Public Library; Sara L. Kellogg, Drexel
Institute Library School and Columbia Uni-
versity Library; May L. Milligan, Western
Reserve Library School and Akron (O.) Pub-
lic Library; Susan M. Molleson, Pratt Insti-
tute Library School and New York Public
Library.
The schedule of senior lectures of the first
two weeks is here given :
School and college library course: Marie A.
Newberry, on "The normal school situation,"
"Training in books in normal schools,"
"Teachers' Institutes," and "The bibliography
of school libraries."
Advanced reference and cataloging: Hen-
rietta C. Bartlett, four lectures and a quiz on
"Bibliography."
Administration course: Frederick W. Jen-
kins, on "Relation of the library to civic in-
stitutions," "Study of a community," "Immi-
gration," "Industrial questions," "Recreation,"
and "Child welfare activities."
Children's librarians' course: Frederick W.
Jenkins, "Study of a community," "Immigra-
tion," "Industrial questions," "Recreation."
"Child welfare activities"; Annie C. Moore,
"Selection of children's books," first of a
November, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
851
:ourse of talks on the subject. As an exercise
n observation, the class was assigned to the
isiting of various east side branch children's
ooms.
APPOINTMENTS
Students who have not returned for the
liploma are placed as per the ensuing list :
Jessie M. Callan, assistant, Carnegie Library, Brad-
ock, Pa.
Katharine Esselstyn, assistant, Harlem branch, N. Y.
' Italia E. Evans, assistant, Public Library, Ft. Wayne,
nd.
Agnes Fleming, assistant, 67th Street branch, N. Y.
Marjorie H. Holmes, first assistant, Public Library,
ilontgomery, Ala.
Mignon R. Tyler, assistant, Hudson Park branch,
I. Y P. L.
Sophie A. Udin, assistant, Rivington Street branch,
I. Y. P. L.
Other appointments will be found in the
olumn, "Librarians."
ALUMNI
A committee of the Alumni Association has
irepared for the use of the entering class a
1st of satisfactory lodging and boarding
louses and of inexpensive restaurants. Sixty-
even of the seventy alumni of the classes of
913-14 and 1914-15 have joined the Alumni
Association.
SIMMONS COLLEGE LIBRARY SCHOOL
The total enrollment in the college is
reater this year than ever before. On Oc-
Dber 6, the number of students was 1056 with
pplications for admission being received. Of
his total registration, over a hundred are in
ie various classes of the library school. The
reshman class in that department shows an
icrease over that of 1913-14.
No very radical changes in program are to
e noted, but some few have been made which
: is hoped will be improvements. More time
3 to be given to classification and less to the
reparation of an original bibliography. In
tie one-year course, the amount of cataloging
fill be nearly doubled. In the first term the
tudents are having a course by themselves
irhich corresponds to that given to the sopho-
nores, and in the second term they will com-
>ine with the seniors. In order to gain time
or this it will be necessary to omit the course
ti business methods, but some of the work
ormerly included in it will be given in library
conomy, especially the printing, proof read-
ng and editing, where it is possible to utilize
he experience of Miss Hyde in those lines,
rhe only other change of any significance is in
he course in book selection. This was for-
nerly given once a week throughout the year
o a class consisting of juniors and the one-
year students. As there seemed advantages in
making it a senior subject, the way was
paved last year and in 1914-15, there will be
two divisions, the seniors meeting once a week
throughout the year and the one-year stu-
dents twice a week during the second term.
In order to afford a concrete test of the prin-
ciples laid down for book selection, namely,
that a knowledge of the community and of the
library are essential as well as a knowledge of
books, the seniors are to make a study of the
problem of the selection of books for the Sim-
mons College Library for 1914-15 and to em-
body the results in a paper.
Most of the present senior class and many
of the juniors had at least two weeks of
actual practice in libraries during the summer
and their reports testify to the value of the
experience.
The school looks forward to the privilege
of hearing Prof. Root lecture, when as chair-
man of the A. L. A. Committee on Training
he inspects the school on November 5-7.
JUNE R. DONNELLY, Director.
WESTERN RESERVE LIBRARY SCHOOL
The opening exercises of the school were
held on the afternoon of September 22. They
were presided over by President Thwing, who
gave a stimulating talk on the elements en-
tering into successful professional work. The
dean, Mr. Brett, and the director both spoke
briefly.
The regular class of 1915, consisting of 25
members, represents 12 states and territories,
as follows : Ohio, 10 (5 being from Cleve-
land) ; two each from Pennsylvania, Indiana,
Iowa, and Washington; one each from New
York, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Illinois,
Montana, and Hawaii. Twenty-two have had
previous library experience, ten have had col-
lege work and four have college degrees. Only
two part-time students are enrolled, as it is now
the policy of the school to accommodate as
many full-time students as possible within the
limit of the class number. The "open course"
during the winter will, it is expected, provide
for special students.
Slight adjustments have been made in the
fauculty assignments, the book evaluation
course, formerly conducted by Miss Bessie
Sargeant Smith, being now in charge of the
director with lecturers on special classes of
books. The course in trade bibliography and
loan systems will be conducted by Miss Howe,
and the minor technical subjects will be given
by Miss Elizabeth H. Cass, the new member
of the faculty who comes . to the Library
School from the Illinois State University
Library.
852
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[November, 191
The gift from the alumni to the school of a
Victor victrola, with a number of records, is
much appreciated and enjoyed by the faculty
and the present class. It is planned to make
use of it in connection with story recitals of
some of the great music-dramas and also for
class and school functions.
The school was represented at the Ohio
Library Association meeting at Dayton, Oct.
6-9, by the director, who spoke on the "Library
survey of the Woodland Library district"
made by the students last year. Mr. Brett,
Miss Eastman, Miss Burnite, and Mr. Hirsh-
berg were in attendance. Several of the
alumni from the libraries of the state were
present, and a Western Reserve dinner was
given, with Miss Doren, the Dayton librarian
and the first director of the school, as an
honored guest.
ALUMNI NEWS
Zana K. Miller, 1905, formerly librarian with
The Indexers, of Chicago, is now the libra-
rian of the Spies Public Library at Menom-
inee, Michigan.
Theodosia E. Hamilton, 1907, has taken the
position of assistant cataloger in the Public
Library of Des Moines, Iowa.
Thirza E. Grant, 1908, will attend the New
York State Library School this year.
Alicia Burns, 1908, was married Oct. I, to
Mr. Isaac M. Stickney, of Cleveland.
Gertrude H. Sipher, 1913, has take a posi-
tion in the catalog department of the Cleve-
land Public Library.
Margaret E. Calfee, 1914, is a senior in the
New York Public Library School this year.
ALICE S. TYLER, Director.
CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH-
TRAINING SCHOOL FOR CHILDREN'S
LIBRARIANS
The Training School for Children's Libra-
rians opened for the fourteenth year on
Thursday morning, Oct. I. The director, Miss
Sarah C. N. Bogle, made the opening address,
after which Miss Sarah B. Askew, assistant
librarian of the New Jersey State Library and
organizer of the New Jersey State Library
Commission, gave a series of lectures on
"What makes library work a success," "Ex-
periences of an organizer," and "Point of con-
tact."
The enrollment for the year is the largest
the school has ever had, a total of 40 students,
the entering class numbering 32 and the sen-
ior class 8. Ten states, the District of Co-
lumbia, and British Columbia, Canada, are
represented. Three students have had pre-
vious training in other library schools, and 12
hold university or college degrees. The lis
of students is as follows :
Junior Class
Alice Elizabeth Booth, Rochester, N. Y.
Annie E. Carson, Salisbury, Pa.
Margaret Jean Clay, Victoria, B. C., Canada.
Mary Frances Cox, Sandwich, 111.
Irma Endres Diescher, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Stella Tabor Doane, Philadelphia, Pa.
Louise Endicott, Washington. D. C.
Esther Friedel, Jefferson, Wis.
Irene M. Galbreath, Butler, Pa.
Louise Guiraud, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Ruth Hughes, Washington, D. C.
Rachael Helen Langfitt, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Harriett Worrall Leaf. Rochester, Pa.
Isobel McConnell, Cadiz, Ohio.
Jean McFarlane, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Maud W. Marston, Detroit, Mich.
Bessie Painter, Wireton, Pa.
Amelia Pickett, Montrose, Pa.
Marion M. Pierce, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Mary Helen Pyle, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Maud B. Rackett, Amangansett, L. I., N. Y.
Frances Rhoades, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Leslie Shaw, Indianapolis, Ind.
Maude I. Shaw, Sandusky, Ohio.
Virginia Slagle, Pullman, Washington.
Edwina M. Steel, Huntingdon Pa,
Carolyn D. Stevens, Munhall, Pa.
Alice Stoeltzing, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Lillian Elizabeth Sullivan, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Lenore Townsend, Spokane, Washington.
Dorothy Wilson, Topeka, Kan.
Mary R. Witmer, Brevard, N. C.
Senior Class
Margaret Baxter Carnegie, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Grace Nellie Gilleland, Bellaire, Ohio.
Edith Irene Groft, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Helen Edith McCracken, Wilkinsburg, Pa.
Helen Martin, Oberlin, Ohio.
Edith Collins Moon, Morrisville, Pa.
Mary Caroline Pillow, Butler, Pa.
Jessie Gay Van Cleve, Marquette, Mich.
ALUMNAE NOTES
Dorothy Bell Aschman, 1913, has resigne
her position as children's librarian of the Cai
negie Library of Pittsburgh.
Jessie MacDowell Lowry, 1910, has bee
appointed to a position on the staff of th
Cleveland Public Library.
Lucy Dalbiac Luard, 1906, has resigne
from the position of reference librarian in th
Milton (Mass.) Public Library.
SARAH C. N. BOGLE, Director.
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY SCHOO
The twenty-second year of the Scho<
opened Sept. 21, with an enrollment of 46-
as many students as our present quarters an
equipment can well accommodate. The sen
iors number 19 and the juniors 27.
Seniors
Elsie L. Baechtold, Talladega, Ala., Grinnell College
A.B., 1911.
Susan T. Benson, Urbana, 111., Missouri Wesleya
College, A.B.. 1909.
Minnie J. Bollman, Champaign, 111., University c
Illinois, A.B., 1910.
Mabel L. Conat, Detroit, Mich., University of Mich
gan, A.B., 1909.
Fanny Dunlap, Champaign, 111., State University c
Iowa, Ph.B., 1905.
November, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
853
Grace A. England, Detroit, Mich., Albion College,
Antoinette Goetz, Iowa City, Iowa, State University
of Iowa, A.B., 1906.
Margaret Herdman, Winnetka, 111., University of
Illinois, A.B., 1910.
Edith Hyde, Lancaster, O., Ohio State University,
B.A., 1908.
Marian Leatherman, Pittsburgh, Penn., Cornell Uni-
versity, A.B., 1907.
Fanny W. Hill, Champaign, 111., University of Illi-
nois, A.B., 1910.
Rose M. Mather, Plainfield, 111., University of Illi-
nois, A.B., 1905.
Norma Lee Peck, Ottawa, Kan., Ottawa University,
A.B., 1013.
Alma M. Penrose, Grinnell, Iowa, Oberlin College,
Nellie *R. Roberts, Champaign, 111., University of
Illinois. A.B., 1913.
Nellie M. Signer, Urbana, 111., University of Illi-
nois, A.B., 1912.
Alta C. Swigart, Champaign, 111., University of Illi-
nois, A.B., 1910.
Zeliaette Troy, Tuscaloosa, Ala., University of Ala-
bama, B.A., 1912.
Margaret S. Williams, Hamilton, Texas, B.A., 1912.
Juniors
Effie G. Abraham, Muncie, Ind., Miami University,
Jessie E. Bishop, Evanston, 111., Smith College, A.B.,
1911.
Roma Brashear, Kirksville, Mo., University of Mis-
souri, A.B., 1907.
Mary G. Burwash, Savoy, 111., University of 111.,
A.B., 1913.
Hazel Dean, Rolla, Mo., . Northwestern University,
A.B., 1913.
George A. Deveneau, Chicago, 111., University of
Chicago, Ph.B., 1912.
LeNoir Dimmitt, Austin, Tex., University of Texas,
B.A., 1911.
Kate D. Ferguson, Petaluma, Cal., Special.
Florence M. Floyd, Austin, Tex., Assistant, Univer-
sity of Texas Library, 1912-14. Special.
Margaret D. Henley, Indianapolis, Ind., Earlham Col-
lege, A.B., 1914.
Ethel Gyola Kratz, Champaign, 111., University of
Illinois, A.B., 1910.
Mildred McElroy, Delaware, O., Ohio Wesleyan Uni-
versity, B.A., 1914.
Katherine L. McGraw, Urbana, 111., University of
Illinois, A.B.. 1914.
Alma A. Memg, Denver, Col., University of Colo-
rado, A.B., 1908.
Olga F. Moser, Sigel, 111., University of Illinois,
B.M., 1913. Special.
Gladys Nichols, Westerville, O., Otterbein Univer-
sity, B.A., 1914.
Wilma E. Ponder, Urbana, 111., University of Illinois,
A.B., 1912.
Beatrice Prall, Hope, Ark., University of Arkansas,
B.A., 1911.
Miles O. Price, Plymouth, Ind., University of Chi-
cago, S.B., 1914.
Ruth Sankee, Lawrence, Kan., University of Kansas,
A.B., 1914.
Wilma L. Shelton, Terre Haute, Ind., University of
Arkansas, A.B., 1914.
Maud Siebenthal, Bloomington, Ind., Indiana Univer-
sity, A.B., 1906.
Georgia O. Sloan, Bloomington, 111., Illinois Wesleyan
University, A.B., 1914.
Dey B. Smith, Hamilton, O., Miami University, B.A.,
1911.
Charles H. Stone, Athens, Ga., University of Georgia,
B.S., 1912, M.A., 1913.
Vendla Wahlin, Lindsborg, Kan., Bethany College,
A.B., 1913.
Jessie B. Weston, Chicago, 111., University of Chi-
cago, Ph.B., 1907.
The 46 students have received bachelors' de-
grees from 27 colleges and universities; 12
from the University of Illinois; 3 from the
University of Chicago ; 2 each from the Uni-
versity of Arkansas, the University of Texas
and Miami University; and one each from
22 other institutions. Three of the students
are "special"; not presenting the required de-
gree for entrance. Three students are men.
The homes of the students are in the follow-
ing states: Illinois, 18; Indiana, 5; Ohio, 4;
Texas, 3; Kansas, 3; Michigan, 2; Iowa, 2;
Alabama, 2; Pennsylvania, 2; Askansas, i;
California, I ; Colorado, I ; Georgia I ; Mis-
souri, 2. Thirteen of the seniors are carrying
only a part of the senior courses, being em-
ployed for whole or part time on the staff of
the University Library.
The senior class entertained the juniors and
the faculty informally on Wednesday evening,
Oct. 7, in the parlors of the Woman's Build-
ing.
The Library Club gave its annual formal re-
ception Friday evening, Oct. 16, in the Wom-
an's Building, the guest of honor being Profes-
sor A. S. Root, librarian of Oberlin College,
who gave two lectures before the School Oct.
16 and 17, on "European libraries" and "Bibli-
ography in colleges."
ALUMNI NOTES
Recent appointments are as follows:
Alma M. Penrose, 1913-14, reviser, Univer-
sity of Illinois Library School.
Margaret S. Williams, 1913-14, cataloger,
University of Illinois Library.
Lucile Warnock, 1913-14, in charge of the
loan desk in Kansas Sts.te Agricultural Col-
lege Library, Manhattan.
Grace Barnes, 1913-14, assistant in the Mis-
sissippi State Agricultural College.
Stella B. Galpin, B. L. S., 1914, loan assist-
ant, University of Illinois Library.
Margaret I. Winning, 1913-14, assistant in
Rosenberg Library, Galveston, Texas.
P. L. WINDSOR, Director.
SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY SCHOOL
The Library School has been separated from
the College of Liberal Arts and is now an
independent school, instead of a department
of the larger college.
The names of the students in this year's
freshman class are:
Ball, Gratia Helen, Auburn, N. Y.
Bail, Ruth Elma, Weedsport, N. Y.
Bergh, Hazel Elizabeth, Webster, , N. Y.
Blue, Delta Nellans, Niagara Falls, N. Y.
Branch, Catherine, Syracuse, N. Y.
Canfield, Edna Rae, Syracuse, N. Y.
Dixon, Lyla Mae, Auburn, N. Y.
Dollard. Mary E., Syracuse, N. Y.
Dominick, Leila Mae, Syracuse, N. Y.
Dusenbury, Mildred L., Conneaut, Ohio.
Foster, Dorothy, Syracuse, N. Y.
Howe, Fanny C., Hoosick, N. Y.
Hughes, Esther Marie, Palatine Bridge, N. Y.
Johnson, Elsie Evelyn, Point Chautauqua, N. Y.
Lapp, Florence Evelyn, Williamson, N. Y.
Meyer, Margaret Evans, Hazleton, Pa.
£•54
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[November,
Nau, Elma Vaupelle, Honeoye Falls, N. Y.
Olmstead, Laura M., Couderspprt, Pa.
Robinson, Anita Grace, Cambridge, N. Y.
Rosbrook, Ina Ada, Syracuse, N. Y.
Saul, Esther Viola, Hazleton. Pa.
Scull, Lucile R., Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
Scutt, Helen Almira, Marion, N. Y.
Stiles, Helen, New Haven, Conn.
Thomas, Martha Louisa, Lyndonville, N. Y.
Vanderveer, Lillie Hathaway, Saranac Lake, N. Y.
Wagner, Florence, Syracuse, N. Y.
Welch, Dorothy Blakely, Saratoga Springs, N. Y.
Wilson, Lucile L., Nicholson, Pa.
ALUMNI NOTES
Margaret S. Green is librarian of the Far
Rockaway branch of the Queens Borough Pub-
lic Library.
Ruth King has been appointed director of
the juvenile department in the public library
at Butte, Mont.
Clara Newth is head of the catalog depart-
ment in the library of the State Normal
School at Ypsilanti, Mich.
Florence M. Lamb has been assistant in the
Wells College Library at Aurora, N. Y.
Vesta E. Thompson was married to De
Grover Van De Boe on September 16 at
Coudersport, Pa.
E. E. SPERRY, Director.
RIVERSIDE LIBRARY TRAINING CLASS
The Riverside (Cal.) Public Library has de-
cided upon a very radical change in its plans
for a training class. Heretofore it has had
summer school for six weeks, winter school
for six weeks, and training class work through-
out the year. It was announced last summer
that the summer school would be discontinued
henceforth. The winter school has usually
been conducted for six weeks beginning about
the first week in January, but difficulties in the
way of engagement of eastern teachers delayed
the arrangement for the six weeks winter
school this year and it has been found that
better teachers can be secured and the work
more conveniently adjusted both for students
and for teachers by stretching out the work
from about the middle of January to about the
middle of May, a period, which is somewhat
indefinitely fixed at present, from fifteen to
nineteen weeks.
The plan will give one principal instructor
with a practically clear field for her sub-
ject; after her subject has been completed
another principal instructor, and after that
another, and so on. Meanwhile there will be
shorter programs and middle course work
which will not seriously interfere with the
principal instructor but will round out the
subject matter and the whole plan which
heretofore has been attempted in six weeks.
The plan may not attract as many people
to the winter school because of its stretching
over such a long time. On the other ham
may attract a number of persons who w
just one thing; for example — a thoroi
course in cataloging, or in classification, 01
reference, or in documents. In either case
library feels justified in trying the experirc
for one season. Miss Sabra Vought will
one of the instructors under the new arrar
ment, and it is hoped that other names
be announced in the next issue of the Jo
NAL.
The training class will be divided into '
sections. The first section will include th
students who attended the summer sch
and the second session all who entered
tween the close of the summer school and
first of October. The list of names folio
First Division
Bacon, Virginia Cleaver, Portland. Ore.
Dailey, Lilla B., Escondido, Calif.
Davis, Arline, Orange, Calif.
Furley, Lynette, Wichita, Kan.
Kneeshaw, Faye T., Escondido, Calif.
Ratliff, Eva L, Colton, Calif.
Second Division
Inwood, Ruth, Santa Ana, Calif.
Saxton, Harriette A., Clarkston, Wash.
Lott, Emma Lee, Houston, Texas.
Moss, Dorothy R., Palo Alto, Calif.
Shuler, Evlyn, Raton, N. M.
Gazzam, Ruth, Chrystal Springs, Wash.
Sanford, Nellie, Highgrove, Calif.
Rhine, Mrs. J. W., Goshen, Calif.
Stamm, Hannah, Visalia, Calif.
Smeal, Hilda, Long Beach, Calif.
Kimbley, Gertrude, Riverside, Calif.
Gantz, Flo, Pomona, Calif.
LOS ANGELES PUBLIC LIBRARY TRAIN
SCHOOL
The Training School of the Los Ang
Public Library commenced its twenty-seve
session Oct. 5.
The sixteen students comprising the c
of 1914-15 were selected by competitive
aminations in which sixty applicants pan
pated. All but three members of the c
have had some college work or other advar
study.
The curriculum has been strengthened bj
increase in the number of lecture and st
periods and by the addition of new cour
Miss Helen Haines has been engaged as spe
lecturer to the Training School and will j
among other courses a series of talks on
library movement and on the selection of
tion.
All members of the class of 1913-14 ^
desired positions have been engaged in lit
ry work during the summer and a number
now working under permanent appointmen
The work of public libraries is a coun
irritant to intellectual apathy. — LORD ROSEBI
November, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
855
1Re\?iews
J. HENRY QUINN. Library cataloging. Lon-
don : Truslon and Hanson, 1913. 256 p. D.
This desirable addition to the literature on
cataloging is the work of an English pen.
The opening paragraph truly epitomizes the
layman's (and alas not only his) conception
of what cataloging a library means, one of the
constant discouragements a cataloger is called
upon to face. The author gives a brief resume
of the history of modern cataloging of public
libraries in his own country, and goes on to
enumerate the qualifications necessary to the
making of a good cataloger. It is interesting
to note that there is no radical difference be-
tween the English and American librarian's
demands and expectations, despite the differ-
ence in the libraries of the two countries and
the variation in details of organization and
administration. Mr. Quinn truly says "The
cataloguing of a library is one of the most
troublesome and expensive departments of its
administration" and he might have added just
as truly that that is one of the great discour-
agements of the cataloger, who seems to be
held morally responsible for an expense he or
she cannot well control if good results are de-
manded. Miss Agnes Van Valkenburgh has
ably spoken in the September number of the
LIBRARY JOURNAL and her "Plea for the cata-
loger" should be read by every cataloger. The
author does not confine himself strictly to the
dictionary catalog nor the card catalog, but
rambles in the field of the classified catalog
and the printed one. The practice of having
printed catalogs in libraries still seems to ob-
tain in England to some extent, to judge by
the careful and minute directions given for the
preparation of copy for the printer. The work
contains many suggestions and hints which will
prove useful to the American cataloger if
looked upon merely as such and not observed
unquestionably as rules. The various kinds
of cards are taken up and explained, with il-
lustrative examples, and though they differ
somewhat in form and fullness from ours are
sufficiently like to be very suggestive even to
American catalogers. The form is not always
to be commended however, or blindly fol-
lowed. For instance, exception may well be
taken to putting West Virginia under Virginia,
West. Why not York, New, as well? The
practice of not inverting the second author in
a joint author entry, and of omitting the sur-
name of the second should they be the same,
as in the case of husband and wife, is hardly
to my liking, our own method seeming de-
cidedly preferable. But one must not forget
that habit makes slaves of us all.
T. H.
A. L. A. COMMITTEE OF CODE FOR CLASSIFIERS.
A code for classifiers ; a collection of data
compiled for the use of the committee by
William Stetson Merrill, chairman. Type-
written copy. 124 p.
After a careful reading and consideration of
the tentative rules with their examples I ask
myself "cui bono?" It is rather difficult to
understand just the kind of people for whom
this knowledge is intended. If, as the title
reads, "for classifiers," it would seem some-
what superfluous surely, as we must presup-
pose in that case some previous training and
a knowledge of and experience in cataloging
and classification. It doesn't seem possible
that any classifier deserving the name would
need most of the directions given, or that an
inexperienced and untaught classifier would
sufficiently profit by them without expert super-
vision. If, however, this code has been
compiled with the intent of having it serve as
a text-book for the study of classification, it
would serve a more definite purpose and gain
greatly in value, if a few more rules and ex-
amples were added. The elaborate pains taken
by the committee, particularly its chairman, to
record so fully the decisions or problems a
classifier has to make and ponder over would
make it especially valuable to an instructor in
classification. If that is the committee's in-
tent I would suggest changing the title to
bring out this fact. The code could be made
much more useful if the class number of some
well-known and widely used system of clas-
sification (the Dewey decimal and the Cutter
expansion for instance) were assigned in each
case to the examples quoted in order to em-
phasize and make clear the point to be brought
out. They would be much more suggestive
so. In many instances the explanation does
not seem to me to be sufficiently clear nor
does the example, and in many others it would
seem they are both unnecessary because so
obvious, because a classifier worthy the name
would not dream of thinking or doing other-
wise than as indicated, except through care-
lessness or incompetence. Why, therefore, pro-
vide for a contingency not likely to happen?
An unnecessary amount of stress has been
laid on the problems of classifying biography,
a class which in my opinion requires less ex-
planation than almost any other. I find, too,
that both in the body and the index of the
Dewey decimal classification many of the di-
rections repeated in this code are clearly given.
A frequent trouble or cause of indecision in
856
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[November, 1914
classifying books is not due nearly so much to
doubt of the intent of tbe author as to diffi-
culty in finding a number in one's system of
classification which fits it, which embraces that
subject. For example I have a book under my
tiand at this moment "Unifying rural commun-
ity interests" where both title and contents are
vague and leave you somewhat in doubt as to
the author's intent without a rather careful
and detailed study of the book. When that is
at last clear to you there remains the difficulty
of finding a number in the Dewey decimal sys-
tem of classification to fit it satisfactorily, or
rather a number that will fit this and not too
many other works apparently similar yet
written from altogether different viewpoints.
For example I should class this book in 630 as
the best available place. Yet in this same
class we put such books as Boss* "Farm man-
agement," Bailey's "Principles of agriculture,"
etc., which while they treat of the actual sub-
ject, yet are not written with the same intent
and do not seem rightly to belong shoulder
to shoulder with the first mentioned and others
of like ilk.
'Twould be a tremendous advantage to the
cataloger could authors, potential and other-
wise, be made to elucidate in plain language
in a preface or introduction their "intent" for
every book they write and publish. Some of
them should be made to classify their own
works as a penance. Of course one source of
disagreement in the classification of books
lies in the varying personalities doing this
work and the consequent various view points
which make different people interpret differ-
ently the intent of an author. The ideal way
would be to have one person or one staff of
classifiers working together classify all books
purchased for libraries — but — that's a dream.
After all a book can only occupy one space on
the shelves and can therefore receive but one
class number no matter how many subjects
are treated or touched upon in it. So long as
the classification of a collection is done con-
sistently, so long as all material or like sub-
jects are grouped together on the shelves, even
if the result is disapproved of by some whose
opinions differ as to the exact place, does it
matter vitally after all? The public is rarely
sufficiently familiar with the library's scheme
of classification to do more than acquire a
general idea or comprehension of it, and in any
case it should not be encouraged to depend
solely on the classification or in other words
on the books grouped together on the shelves
in the various classes — for all material on a
desired subject. That would be misleading.
It is the catalog after all which should and
does supply full information regarding the
material on any given subject contained in the
library, whether classed by itself under its
own subject class number or of necessity with
some other subject with which it is bound or
incorporated. A book considered last year by
the classifier may have been put in 630 and
looking at it again in the light of present day
experience and knowledge of the subject and
its ramifications, she might desire to change
it to 331. Yet if that should entail too much
work it would not seem to me such a terrible
thing to leave it in 630 provided always that
all other material of similar import with simi-
lar intent were placed with it in the same
class. Any wide awake classifier is prone to
change her mind regarding her own decisions
as her knowledge of a subject increases and
broadens, but if she would retain her mental
serenity she will not always change the class
number with her mind. Else of changes there
would be no end. T. H.
^Librarians
ADAMS, Elsie, Pratt 1898, has resigned her
position in the cataloging department of the
Queens Borough Public Library, to accept a
position in the reference catalog division of
the New York Public Library.
ADKINS, Venice A., New York State Library
School, 1912-13, has been promoted to the posi-
tion of first assistant in the Bloomingdale
branch of the New York Public Library.
ALLEN, Mary W., Pratt 1900, who for some
years was cataloger in the library of the His-
panic Society, has been made bibliographer to
the New International Encyclopedia.
AVE-LALLEMANT, Theodore M., L. S. of
N. Y. P. L., jun., 1914, has been engaged as
indexer and translator by the Bureau of Edu-
cation.
BLUE, Thomas Fountain, the colored libra-
rian in charge of the eastern and western
branches of the Louisville (Ky.) Public Li-
brary, was the subject of a biographical sketch
in the Indianapolis Recorder, a newspaper de-
voted to the interests of the negro race. Mr.
Blue has been in charge of the western branch
since its establishment in 1905, and is the first
colored man in this country to be appointed
librarian of a library exclusively for colored
people.
BROWN, Martha, has been appointed libra-
rian of the Carnegie branch of the St. Joseph
(Mo.) Public Library to succeed Miss Helen
Pfeiffer, who resigned several weeks ago.
Miss Brown has for the last five years been
November, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
857
in charge of the children's department at the
central public library.
CALKINS, Ruth H., New York State Library
School, 1913-14, has gone to Wellesley College
Library as temporary assistant.
CARSON, Jessie M., for seven ye; s head of
the children's department of the Tacoma Pub-
lic Library, has resigned her position, to be-
come assistant to the supervisor of children's
work of the New York Public Library.
CASKEY, Emily J., formerly first assistant in
the children's department of the Tacoma Pub-
lic Library, has been appointed head of the
division of work with schools just created in
the juvenile department.
CLARK, Mabel, B.L.S., New York State
Library School, 1914, has been appointed as-
sistant in the library of West Virginia Uni-
versity, Morgantown.
CROWELL, Edith H., L. S. of N. Y. P. L.,
1913, has been appointed librarian at Bernards-
ville, N. J.
DE GOGORZA, Mrs. Flora, Pratt 1901, former-
ly librarian of the Leonard branch, has been
made children's librarian of the new Browns-
ville children's branch of the Brooklyn Public
Library.
DILLS, Clara B., Pratt 1912, librarian of the
Kings County (California) Library, has been
appointed librarian of the Free Library of
Solano county.
EGBERT, Mabel, who has been in Braddock
(Pa.) Public Library for the past eleven
years, has tendered her resignation. Miss Ida
Wolf of Chicago, 111., cataloger of the library
of the University of Chicago, will succeed
Miss Egbert, who goes to Connecticut.
FESENBECK, Mrs. J. A., librarian of the Clo-
quet (Minn.) Public Library, has resigned her
position, after nine years of service. Miss
Mildred Riley has been named as her suc-
cessor.
FLICKINGER, Mrs. Caroline, head of the ref-
erence department of the Braddock (Pa.)
Public Library, has resigned her position, and
Miss Jessie Callan, formerly connected with
the Braddock Library, but for the past year
with the New York City Library, will take
place of Mrs. Flickinger.
W. W., formerly of Oberlin Library,
10 has been assistant librarian at the Missis-
sippi Agricultural and Mechanical College for
more than three years, has been elected libra-
rian of Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechan-
ical College. He is succeeded at the Missis-
sippi College by Miss Grace Barnes, who is an
alumna of Purdue University and who received
her library training at University of Illinois
Library School.
FORREST, Elizabeth, B.L.S., Illinois, 1906, has
resigned her position in the Pennsylvania State
College to become librarian of the Montana
State College, Bozeman.
GORDON, Alys M., Pratt, 1902, has been ap-
pointed reference librarian at the East Orange
Public Library.
GRASTY, Katherine, Pratt 1906, librarian of
the Baltimore Eastern High School Library,
has returned to New York as children's libra-
rian at the Washington Heights branch of the
New York Public Library.
GREER, Agnes F. P., librarian of the Ballard
branch at Seattle, Wash., has been appointed
head of the circulating department of the Ta-
coma Public Library, beginning October I.
GRUBBS, Eva, has been appointed librarian
for the Zanesfield (O.) Public Library which
was presented to the village by Dr. E. S. Sloan
of Boston.
HAINES, Mabel R., has resigned her position
as librarian of the Summit (N. J.) Public
Library in order to work for the New Jersey
Women's Political Union, at the headquarters
in Newark.
HALL, Mary, former assistant librarian at
the East Liverpool (O.) Public Library, has
been appointed librarian to fill the vacancy
created by the resignation of Miss Harriet
Goss. Miss Mary Miller, a former assistant
at the library, will fill the vacancy created by
the promotion of Miss Hall.
HIGGINS, Alice G., has resigned her position
as assistant to the supervisor of work with
children in the New York Public Library.
Miss Jessie M. Carson, formerly head of the
children's department of the Tacoma Public
Library, succeeds Miss Higgins.
HILD, F. H., formerly the librarian of the
Chicago Public Library, died at Charlotteville,
Va., Aug. 10. Mr. Hild was successor to Dr.
W. F. Poole as chief of the Public Library
when the latter resigned in 1887, and he re-
mained in charge until 1909, since which time
he has not been engaged in library work.
HINCKLEY, George L., of the Forbes Li-
brary of Northampton, Mass., has been elected
librarian of the Redwood Library, in New-
port, R. L, to succeed Mr. Richard Bliss,
whose resignation went into effect Oct. I.
Mr. Hinckley is a graduate of Yale, and has
had about ten years' experience in library
work, having been connected with the Boston
£58
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[November,
Public Library before going to the Forbes
Library at Northampton.
JEROME, Janet, Pratt 1907, formerly librarian
of the Warren branch of the Denver Public
Library, has been appointed children's libra-
rian in the Brooklyn Public Library.
JILLSON, William E., has been elected libra-
rian of the West Allis Public Library, West
Allis, Wis. He will install the library in the
new Carnegie building.
JOECKEL, Carlton B., B.L.S., New York State
Library School, 1910, has resigned his position
as superintendent of circulation at the Univer-
sity of California Library to become librarian
of the Public Library of Berkeley, Cal.
JOHNSTONE, Ursula K., Pratt Normal course
1913, formerly children's librarian at the Bing-
hamton Public Library, has been made assist-
ant in the library of the Brooklyn Training
School for Teachers.
JUDSON, Katherine B., New York State Li-
brary School, 1904-05, has been appointed tem-
porary assistant in the Newark (N. J.) Public
Library.
KAISER, Leila M., librarian in charge of the
Winthrop branch of the Brooklyn Public Li-
brary, died, Oct. 19, after a brief illness. She
had been connected with the Brooklyn Library
service for eight years, and until recently had
been in charge of the Concord branch in lower
Brooklyn.
KARSTEN, Eleanor G., Ph.B., for two years
secretary to the librarian of the University of
Illinois, has resigned in order to become sec-
retary to the president of Bryn Mawr College.
KNAPP, Ethel, of Bloomington, 111., has been
appointed to the position of reference libra-
rian at the Davenport (Iowa) Public Library.
Miss Knapp is a graduate of Worcester Col-
lege and of the Cleveland Library School.
KOSTOMLATSKY, Zulema, New York State
Library School, 1912-13, has resigned her posi-
tion as librarian of the Hazelwood branch of
the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, to become
superintendent of the circulation department
of the Seattle Public Library.
LAIDLAW, Elizabeth, Illinois, 1904-06, has re-
signed her position as cataloger in the Lin-
coln Library, Springfield, Illinois, to accept the
librarianship of Bradley Polytechnic Institute,
Peoria, Illinois.
LA TOURETTE, Alexandrine, Pratt 1908, as-
sistant librarian of the Library of the Uni-
versity of Nevada, has gone to the Seattle
Public Library as head of the Yesler branch.
LIBBY, Fanny M., Drexel 1914, has been ap
pointed assistant in the Public Library, Newton
Mass.
LOTHROP, Alice B., who has been in charg
of the periodical room in the Carnegie Librar;
of Pittsburgh for several years, has resigne<
her position, to become general secretary o
the Young Women's Christian Association o
that city.
Lovis, Marion, formerly librarian of th
high school library at Somerville, Mass., ha
been appointed librarian of the Stadium Hig
School Library, Tacoma, Wash. This librar
is now under the joint jurisdiction of th
Board of Education and the Public Library o
the City of Tacoma for the first time, and
is planned to make it a circulating branch fc
the community as well as a reference librar
for the high school students and teacher
Miss Lovis is a graduate of Simmons Colleg
and its library school.
MAHIN, Mrs. Emma L., librarian of tli
Muscatine (Iowa) Public Library, died Oc
3. Mrs. Mahin began library work in 1898, i
connection with a small book collection qua;
tered in the basement of the high school buil<
ing. On the dedication of a library structui
in Muscatine, in 1901, and the perfection c
a library organization under the state la\
Mrs. Mahin was made a library trustee, an
after a period of preparation was also chose
librarian. Her services in both capaciti*
closed only with her death.
McMiLLEN, James A., New York State L
brary School, 1915, has been appointed assistai
in the legislative reference section of the Ne
York State Library.
McKECHNiE, Alexandra, L. S. of N. Y. ]
L., jun., 1914, has been appointed head of tl
circulation department in the Public Librai
of Calgary, Alberta.
MILLS, Gertrude D., assistant in the catalc
department of the Tacoma Public Library, hi
resigned, to enter the University of Washini
ton, at Seattle, and later the library school <
that institution.
MORGAN, Edith Marian, Illinois, 1912-13, wl
has been acting librarian of the Chicago Thei
logical Seminary during the past year, h:
been appointed librarian of the State Norm
School, Gunnison, Colorado.
MORROW, Marjorie, a graduate this year <
the Pittsburgh Training School for Children
Librarians, has been placed in charge of tl
children's department of the Duluth Publ
Library. Miss Alice Gaylord, Western R<
November, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
859
serve, 1906, who was formerly children's libra-
rian, now has charge of stations and exten-
sion work.
PACKARD, Ella E., has been appointed libra-
rian of the Oak Cliff branch of the Dallas
(Texas) Public Library. Miss Packard is a
graduate of the University of Colorado, studied
one year in the Library School of the Univer-
sity of Illinois, and has been connected with
the Dallas Library for over two years.
PARSONS, Mrs. Willis, who has been acting
as temporary librarian of the Worthington
(Ohio) Public Library, has been elected the
regular librarian.
PEARSON, Harriet A., Illinois, 1912-13, has re-
signed from the staff of the Lincoln (Ne-
braska) City Public Library, to become an
assistant in the North Dakota Agricultural and
Mechanical College Library, at Fargo, North
>ta.
Dako
PFI
PETERS, Louise M., New York State Library
School, 1911-12, has been appointed first as-
sistant in the catalog department of the Uni-
versity of Missouri Library.
PORTER, Annabel, formerly head of the circu-
lating department of the Tacoma Public Li-
brary, has been transferred to the juvenile
department, of which she will have charge.
Miss Porter is a graduate of the Pittsburgh
Training School for Children's Librarians, and
has been head of the circulating department
of the Tacoma Public Library for several
years.
POTTS, Marian Edith, who has just accepted
and entered upon the work of a newly created
position in the University of Texas, is a
graduate of the University of Wisconsin and
has taken special work under Dr. Charles
McCarthy, legislative reference librarian of
that institution. Miss Potts will have charge
of the package libraries which the university
has prepared for use by clubs throughout the
te.
HROCK, Mary U., New York State Li-
ary School, 1914, has been appointed read-
er's assistant in the Cossitt Library, Memphis,
Tenn.
SAVAGE, Etta Virginia, is filling the position
of reference librarian in the Duluth Public
Library, made vacant by the enforced absence
of Miss Kaiser on account of ill health. Miss
Savage is from the New York State Library
School, 1913-14, and has been connected with
the reference department in the University of
Missouri Library and the Kansas State Agri-
cultural College at Manhattan, Kansas.
SAWYER, Ethel R., Pratt 1906, until recently
head of the circulating department of the
Seattle Public Library, has gone to the Multno-
mah County Library, Portland, Oregon, to
take charge of the new training class.
SCEARCE, Helen A., New York State Library
School, 1913-14, has been appointed assistant
in Purdue University Library, Lafayette, Ind.
SEARCY, Katherine A., New York State Li-
brary School, 1907-08, has been appointed
temporary assistant for the Illinois Library
Extension Commission.
SHERRARD, Mary C, New York State Library
School, 1915, has been appointed assistant in
the reference section of the New York State
Library.
STEVENS, Elizabeth C, Pratt 1898, has ac-
cepted the position of cataloger at the Pater-
son (N. J.) Public Library.
WALLACE, Charlotte E., Pratt 1897, who has
been abroad for two years, has accepted the
librarianship of the Yorkville branch of the
New York Public Library, to begin work
January i.
WALLACE, Marian K., assistant in the chil-
dren's department of the Tacoma Public Li-
brary, has been appointed children's librarian
in the reorganization of the department which
took place October I.
WESSLEY, Frances, formerly assistant libra-
rian at Brandon, Vt., has been appointed libra-
rian at Westfield, Mass.
WHITEMAN, Margaret M., has been elected
librarian of the Connellsville (Pa.) Public Li-
brary, to succeed Miss Elizabeth Clark, re-
signed. Miss Whiteman was graduated from
Dickinson College in 1910 and from Drexel
Library School in 1911. She spent a year as a
cataloger in Columbia University Library and
assisted in the organization of the Free Public
Library at Pottsville, Pa. For the past two
years she has been assistant librarian at
Swarthmore College Library.
WILLIAMSON, Dr. C. C., who has been at the
head of the economics division of the New
York Public Library since its opening in the
new building, has been transferred to the
Municipal Reference branch, located in the
municipal building.
WILSON, Mabel, temporary assistant in the
circulating department of the Tacoma Public
Library, has been given a permanent position,
to succeed Miss Gertrude Mills, resigned.
THE LIBRARY WORLD
New England
MAINE
Portland P. L. Alice C. Furbish, Ibn. (25th
annual rpt. — 1913.) Accessions 1713; total 69,-
631. Circulation 85,985. New registration 4002 ;
total 7070. Receipts $23,854.58; expenditures
$22,615.84, including salaries $7269.30, books
$1262.88, periodicals $515.43, and printing and
binding $744.04.
MASSACHUSETTS
Andover. Memorial Hall L. Edna A. Brown,
Ibn. (4ist annual rpt. — yr. ending Dec. 31,
1913.) Accessions 1108; total 20,900. Circula-
tion 35,737. New regi.. ration 394; total 2211.
Income $6602.84; expenses $6786.74, including
salaries $2828.57, books and periodicals $1048.-
55, binding $295.13.
Boston. The program of free public lec-
tures to be given in the lecture Vail of the
Boston Public Library has been issued. About
60 lectures, on a wide range of topics, are an-
nounced. Those under the auspices of the
Ruskin Club are given Monday afternoons,
the others on Thursday evenings and Sunday
afternoons.
Cambridge. There is further delay on the
Widener Library at Harvard as a result of
the continuation of strikes of men working
on the interior. It is unlikely now that the
building will be ready for occupancy before
spring.
Northampton. The trustees of the Forbes
Library have placed a bronze bust of Judge
Forbes, by Bela Lyon Pratt, in the main en-
trance hall of the library.
RHODE ISLAND
Providence. Educational visits to the Provi-
dence Public Library, Rhode Island School of
Design and the Rhode Island Historical So-
ciety rooms during the coming four months
have been arranged for classes in various
grades of the grammar and primary schools
throughout the city by Assistant Superintend-
ent of Schools Towne. The visits began
Oct. 14, and the last will be held Jan. 12.
The trips will all be taken during regular
school hours.
CONNECTICUT
East Hartford. A branch library has been
started in Burnside by Miss Jessie Hayden,
librarian of the East Hartford Public Library,
and Miss Bessie Robinson, assistant librarian.
The library is situated in the kindergarten of
the new Burnside School, and has proved very
popular. Miss Hayden has 200 volumes, and
on the opening day seventy- four children re-
ceived books. There are about 100 books for
the children in the branch and the same num-
ber for older people.
Hartford. Williams Memorial, Trinity Col-
lege's new library and administration build-
ing, a gift of the late J. Pierpont Morgan, for
twenty-seven years a member of the board of
trustees, will be dedicated on Saturday, Octo-
ber 31. Addresses will be made by Dr. Arthur
A. Hamerschlag, honorarius of Trinity Col-
lege in the class of 1912, director of the Car-
negie Institute of Technology at Pittsburgh,
Pa., and by William N. C. Carlton, for ten
years librarian at Trinity and at present head
of the Newberry Library in Chicago.
Middle Atlantic
NEW YORK
Clinton. The mystery surrounding the iden-
tity of the donor of the $100,000 library to
Hamilton College was maintained at the dedi-
cation, Oct. 10, by Senator Elihu Root, when
he said that the name would not be announced.
Andrew Carnegie witnessed the ceremonies,
but his presence is not believed to lend any
clew to the unknown benefactor. Mr. Carne-
gie, just before the library was dedicated,
received the honorary degree of LL.D.,
awarded him in 1913, which he had been un-
able to accept in person previously. Senator
Root said, in dedicating the library, that Baron
Steuben laid the cornerstone of the first col-
lege building 120 years before, near the site
of the new library, which thus marked the
connecting link between Hamilton's present
and past. Mr. J. D. Ibbotson, Jr., the libra-
rian, was recently elected vice-president of
the New York State Library Association.
New York City. An important gift to the
Public Library has come from Theodore
Roosevelt. It is a collection of 464 volumes,
303 pamphlets, 19 maps, 5 charts r.id 58 plans,
all relating to the commerce, customs, indus-
tries, sociology and literature of the Argentine
Republic. Many of the works included in this
collection are government documents and are
of particular interest for the economic history
of Argentine provinces and states.
November, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
861
New York City. The regular yearly ex-
aminations for eligibility to various grades in
the Queens Borough Library service will be
held in the latter part of November. Exam-
inations will be held for all grades for which
applications are received. These grades con-
sist of Grade A, Branch Librarian; Grade B,
First Assistant; Children's Librarian; Travel-
ing Librarian; Cataloger; Grade C, Second
Assistant. Persons desiring to take any of
these examinations should send in their appli-
cations immediately.
New York City. The Public Library has
received a collection of musical literature
from Mrs. Julian Edwards as a memorial gift
to her late husband. Mr. Edwards was born
in England, but came to this country in 1888,
and became an American citizen. For many
years he was recognized as one of America's
foremost composers of light opera. The col-
lection presented by Mrs. Edwards contains
about ninety full scores of operas; one hun-
dred and fifty full scores of cantatas, con-
certos, oratorios, overtures, suites, etc.; three
hundred vocal scores of operas, operettas,
cantatas and oratorios; and three hundred
and twenty-five books.
New York City. The New York Public
Library has issued an n-page pamphlet,
entitled "Scheme of library service in the
circulation department." After a short intro-
ductory statement describing the general ad-
ministration of the library as a whole and the
operation of the main building, description of
the work of the circulation department is
divided into seven sections under the head-
ings, Appointments, promotions, and removals,
Non-graded service, Graded service, Salaries,
Substitutes, Examinations, and Probationers.
New York City. Three important collec-
tions of books and documents were destroyed
in the fire which swept through offices in the
superstructure of the uncompleted University
Hall on the Columbia University campus,
Saturday, Oct. 10. The collections destroyed
included all the personal library on the history
of Germanic civilization, brought to this coun-
try by Dr. Ernst Richard, professor of Ger-
manic history. With Dr. Richard's documents
went his personal notes, which he had gath-
ered in a lifetime of study. All the official
documents and records of the American
Mathematical Association, which had its head-
quarters in the building, were also destroyed.
Dr. F. N. Cole, professor of mathematics,
was its secretary, and he had moved the doc-
uments from East Hall two years ago because
he feared that East Hall might burn, while
University Hall, except for the temporary
superstructure, was fireproof. The files of
the first ten volumes of its publication, the
American Mathematical Society's Bulletin,
were destroyed, along with the stock collec-
tion of copies of all subsequent volumes. All
of Dr. Cole's personal papers were destroyed
with the society's papers. The Complete re-
ports of the investigations for the Prison
Reform Association, with all the other notes
and documents belonging to the association,
were also stored here, and the only way to
replace them will be to conduct the investiga-
tions a second time. As the lower floors,
which were part of the permanent structure,
were fireproof, the flames did not work down
through them, but died out when they had
consumed the temporary superstructure.
NEW JERSEY
Newark. Extensive improvements have been
made on the Dry den Memorial Library, for
employes of the Prudential Insurance Com-
pany. The library room has been greatly en-
larged and more volumes are being added.
The library now contains about three thou-
sand books. The library acts in co-operation
with the Public Library, and has a borrowing
system similar to that of public school libra-
ries. Collections of paintings and drawings
are also borrowed from the Public Library,
and are displayed on the walls. Part of the
library room has been reserved for a Pruden-
tial museum which will be started during the
next few weeks. Objects of interest to the
employes will be on exhibition here, including
the first policy written by the company and
the fir,st desk used by the late founder of the
company.
Newark. A complete and careful revision
of the 500,000 mounted and unmounted pictures
for lending in the Public Library is now in
process. The main object is to make the col-
lection more useful to the public (i) by dis-
carding mediocre material which it was
thought necessary to save before the collection
grew to its present size; (2) by systematically
collecting material on subjects frequently
called for and not adequately illustrated; (3)
by choosing with the greatest care the main
subject headings and the sub-divisions under
which the pictures will be filed in a classifica-
tion which will correspond to the needs of the
various classes of borrowers. The collection
will be self-indexing, with references from
one subject to another whenever allied ma-
terial may prove helpful. A vertical file con-
tains lists, notes, pamphlets and catalogs on all
art subjects.
862
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[November, 1914
West Hoboken. Branch libraries have been
opened in Public School No. 6 and in Public
School No. 3. At first, books will be lent
to children only, but later it is expected to
berve adults also. Each branch will have about
600 books, which may be returned at the library
proper or at either branch.
DELAWARE
Wilmington. War has made itself felt in
the project to raise the necessary $300,000 for
the purpose of erecting a new library building
in this city. The managers of the institution
have decided, because of the unsettled condi-
tion, not to start the subscriptions at this time.
As soon as business recovers, however, a de-
termined canvass will be made for funds.
The South
NORTH CAROLINA
Hendersonville. The commissioners of
Hendersonville have appointed Mrs. Norma
Bryson Sandifer as librarian of the Carnegie
library of this city. The library, which was
opened the last of September, is a $10,000
building, erected of brick.
GEORGIA
Macon. Sixty members of the Macon Bar
Association have organized the Macon Law
Library Association, incorporated at $3000.
The new library will be open in a short time
on the sixth floor of the Georgia Life build-
ing.
KENTUCKY
The annual meeting of the Kentucky Library
Association was held at Lexington, October
29-30.
Ashland. A small public library has been
organized at Ashland under the direction of
the Library Commission. The book collection
was given quarters in one of the prominent
retail stores, and consists of about 800 vol-
umes. This collection is supplemented by a
traveling library loaned by the commission.
Corbin. The contract is about to be let for
a $6000 Carnegie library here. A desirable lot
in the center of the town has been donated by
the town council, and the building will soon
be started. In the meanwhile, the club women
are conducting a flourishing little library and
reading-room. The book collection, consisting
of about 2000 volumes, will be donated to the
city on the completion of the library.
Frankfort. The Frankfort Subscription Li-
brary, formerly conducted and supported by
the club women, has been converted into a free
public library, with an annual appropriation
from the town council of $600. The book col-
lection consists of about 3500 volumes, which
are housed, rent free, in roomy quarters in the
old State Capitol. The librarian, Miss Lockett
Smith, has recently completed a course in the
Indiana Summer Library School.
Hopkinsville. The negro citizens here have
started a movement to secure an $8000 library,
the money to be secured through the Carnegie
Corporation of New York. Already the pro-
moters of the movement have secured a fa-
vorable answer from the Carnegie Corpora-
tion, and the matter will be laid before the
city council at an early session. The $15,000
Carnegie library for the white people has just
been completed and was opened to the public
Sept. 28.
Stanford. A public library and reading-
room has been established at Stanford, with
quarters in the newly erected county court
house. The collection of books was put in
order under the direction of the Kentucky
Library Commission, and the library was
formally opened to the public in September.
Taylorsville. The subscription library has
been moved into an attractive little library
building erected through the efforts of the
King's Daughters' Circle. The reading-room
is free to the public. A catalog will be in-
stalled under the direction of the Library
Commission.
TENNESSEE
Nashville. Exercises conducted by the
Negro Board of Trade were held Sept. 28,
when the cornerstone of the new Carnegie
library for the negroes was laid. This board
of trade raised $1000 for the purchase of the
site.
Central West
MICHIGAN
Colon. Plans for the new $15,000 Culver
Memorial Library building are being drafted.
The new library building will be the gift of
Mr. Culver, a well-known resident of the vil-
lage.
Detroit. The George Osius branch, on the
corner of Newland and Gratiot avenues,
opened for circulation Sept. 14. Formal dedi-
cation exercises were held Oct. 8, with suitable
addresses. The site for a new branch library
has been bought on West Grand boulevard,
between Hanover and Dunedin avenues.
November, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
863
OHIO
Cleveland. The library board, on Oct. 3,
approved the plan of locating a $2,000,000
library building on the site of the present city
hall, with the adoption of a resolution accept-
ing the offer of the site made July 13 by city
council. It is believed a test suit will be filed
to obtain a decision as to the right of the city
to turn this property over to the library board,
and to determine the right of the board to
accept the property with the restricting clause
suggested by city council. An effort will be
made to have these matters adjusted as soon
as possible and to decide on preliminary plans.
The board has authorized the building com-
mittee to choose an adviser who will assist in
selecting an architect.
INDIANA
Auburn. At the annual meeting of the officers
of the Eckhart Public Library, Mr. Charles
Eckhart, who is president of the board and
who donated the library building, made it
known that he had endowed the building with
$15,000.
ILLINOIS
Three very helpful library institutes have
been held at Kewanee, Oilman, and St. Charles
under the auspices of the Illinois Library Ex-
tension Commission. These conferences were
attended by librarians of surrounding towns,
as well as members and trustees of library
boards. The following subjects were treated
by Miss Emma Felsenthal, of the University
of Illinois Library, Miss Josie Houchens,
University of Illinois Library, and Miss Anna
May Price, secretary of Library Extension,
after which an open discussion followed:
"Books for the smaller library; what, where
and how to buy"; "Use and care of periodi-
cals"; "Ways and means of developing larger
interest in the library." An especially interest-
ing feature was a series of educational lantern
slides, borrowed from the Russell Sage Foun-
dation, which were exhibited at Kewanee.
Chicago. The librarian of Virginia Library
of McCormick Theological Seminary offers
two elective courses to students of the semi-
nary. The first is on "The best theological
books," its object being to familiarize the stu-
dent with these books, giving attention to their
authors, general character of their contents,
date, price, etc. The bocks themselves will
be taken to the classroom, and later placed on
reserve shelves, where the student will be ex-
pected to examine them for himself. The
lectures during the second semester will be on
"The minister's library," and the principles of
selection, economy in buying, classification, ar-
rangement, indexing, etc., in so far as they
may apply to a private library, will be discussed
in class lectures. The best general reference
works and periodicals, needed for a minister's
library, will be discussed and examined, and
attention will be given to methods of caring
for clippings and sermons. One hour a week
will be given to each course.
The North West
WISCONSIN
Marinette. Stephenson P. L. Ada J. Mc-
Carthy, Ibn. (Rpt. — yr. ending June 30, 1914.)
Net accessions 352; total 14,904. Circulation
53,258, of which 26,307 was juvenile. New
registration 781 ; total 4598. Receipts $4826.17 ;
disbursements $4826.17, including salaries
$2104.85, books $1005.34, periodicals $161.35,
binding and repair $254.22.
Milwaukee. Under the joint auspices of the
Library Section and the State Department of
Education, the United States Bureau of Edu-
cation exhibit will be on exhibition at the State
Teachers' Association meeting here, November
5-7. In addition to this material, there will
be special exhibits of school library activities
in Wisconsin, in which practically all phases
of school library work will be represented.
MINNESOTA
Barnum. Mr. G. G. Barnum, of Duluth, for
whom this village was named, has offered' to
present the school with a library if a list of
the books wanted is furnished him, and a list
is now being compiled.
Duluth P. L. Frances E. Earhart, Ibn. (Rpt.
— yr. ending Dec. 31, 1913.) Accessions 2039;
total number of volumes 62,184. Total circu-
lation 206,626. Total registration 21,907, a gain
of 2313. Total receipt3 were $26,729.40, and
of the expenditures $8052.35 went for salaries,
$2426.83 for books and periodicals, and $1082.18
for binding.
The small increase in the number of addi-
tional volumes was due to the fact that a
number of repairs were required on the library
building, including the purchase of shelving
for bound newspapers and the necessity of
renewing insurance on the main library and
branches. Because of limited book purchases,
there was no gain in circulation except in the
branches, which show increased use.
'Mankato. Garden City, a small village of
this county, is to have a public library, park
and playgrounds as the gift of Dr. Henry S.
Wellcome, of London, England, a former resi-
864
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[November, 1914
dent of Garden City, in memory of his parents,
who were pioneer residents. Dr. Wellcome
is a manufacturer of chemicals. He is at
present conducting scientific explorations in
the Soudan, Africa.
St. Paul. The cornerstone of the new library
building was laid Sept. 15.
IOWA
Cresco. Plans have been completed for the
new Carnegie library at Cresco, the cost of
which will be $17,500, complete. A tax of
$2000 a year will be levied for maintenance.
The South West
KANSAS
Emporia. The Kellogg Library of the Em-
poria State Normal School had a "sight-seeing
day" recently. Four hundred and fifty stu-
dents and teachers w~re conducted through
the departments of the Kellogg Library, and
the resources and use of the library were ex-
plained. Miss Grace Leaf, reference librarian ;
Miss Gertrude Buck, professor of library
science; and Willis H. Kerr, librarian, con-
ducted the groups. The plan was so popular
that it will be repeated.
Concordia. The Concordia Public Library,
now in its seventh year, reports a steady in-
crease in circulation of non-fiction, with a
decrease in the reading of fiction. In 1913, the
4427 citizens of Concordia read 3^2 books
each, for a total circulation of 15,737. Eighty-
eight per cent, of this reading was fiction.
Coffeyville. The Coffeyville public schools
and public library are co-operating, with splen-
did results, in a systematic home -reading
course for pupils. The superintendent is A. A.
Hughart, and the librarian, Miss Madge
Evans.
Dodge City. The Dodge City Public Li-
brary has 1386 cards in use by its 3000 citizens.
In 1913, the 2078 volumes were checked out
an average of six times each. One-third of
this reading was by children. The year's dis-
bursements were $1103. Mrs. S. E. Fox is
librarian.
lola. For the use of lola young men and
women, the Public Library keeps a file of
the catalogs of Kansas colleges and state
schools and of the larger colleges and univer-
sities throughout the country. The library
has 6000 volumes, and at present has 2600
readers. The librarian, Mrs. Florence P.
Cass, emphasizes the library's service to the
public. Miss Louise Heylmun, an lola hie:h
school 1914 graduate, has been appointed as-
sistant librarian.
Parsons. The Parsons Public Library has
received, by the will of the late Mr. A. J.
Guille, his books, pictures, statuary, Chicker-
ing grand piano, and $1000. The library now
has 7830 volumes, and the circulation is at the
rate of 40,000 per year. The librarian is Mrs.
Belle Curry.
Wichita. The Wichita high school is be-
lieved to be the first in Kansas to have a
specially trained librarian giving full time to
its library. Miss Hazel Howes, the librarian,
is a college graduate and took special library
training at the University of Missouri. The
library has 4500 volumes and receives a dozen
or more standard magazines. Library of Con-
gress cards are used.
Garnett. The public library here, after being
maintained for two years by the women of the
city, is now tax supported. It has 1300 vol-
umes. The librarian is Miss Nannie Hunter.
MISSOURI
St. Louis. The Public Library has opened a
writing-room on the west corridor of its upper
floor. Facilities for writing letters, preparing
articles or essays, making notes, or doing any
other kind of writing, will be provided here
free of charge. Pens and ink will be fur-
nished. The use of ink is not allowed in any
other part of the building. In this writing-
room will be a public stenographer and type-
writer, who is also a notary public, who will
do work as required at regular current rates.
The establishment of this writing-room is at
present only an experiment, but if it meets
with favor from the public it will continue
permanently. Postage stamps will be sold by
the stenographer.
LOUISIANA
New Orleans. The Engineering Society has
accepted the offer of the Museum Commission
to provide it with a location for a library of
engineering works, free of all expenses. This
makes possible the enrichment of tie collection
by the use of the funds saved from rent and
other charges.
Pacific Coast
OREGON
Portland. The Lents branch of the Public
Library has moved to the attractive new build-
ing which has just been erected for the purpose
on the corner of Foster road and First avenue.
This building furnishes much more adequate
November, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
865
accommodations for the public than the pre-
vious quarters. One end of the large room is
devoted to magazines and reference and circu-
lation books for the grown people, and at the
other end are books for the children. The
Woodstock library has also moved into a
larger room at 4426-28 Sixtieth avenue, South-
east.
CALIFORNIA
Berkeley. The University of California has
recently installed a bronze tablet in memory
of Charles Franklin Doe, who bequeathed
nearly three-quarters of a million dollars to
build the University Library. The university
has outgrown already the library built from
Mr. Doe's bequest, yet it is only three years
since it was thrown open, unfinished, large
areas of the building as originally planned
having been left to be provided as need arose,
so great enlargements can readily be made at
a minimum of cost whenever funds may be-
come available. The library's book storage
limit of 300,000 volumes will this year be
attained.
Los Angeles. The August Bulletin of the
Los Angeles Public Library was a special
branch library number, and besides a general
survey of the whole branch library system,
contained a short description of the work of
each individual branch, written by the librarian
in charge. For financial reasons, the Wash-
ington branch was closed Sept. 30. The addi-
tional cost of equipping and operating the
main library in its new quarters has made
imperative some economies, and since the
Washington branch is nearer the main library
than any other, and its circulation the smallest,
it was felt that its patrons could all be served
by the main library or by other branches.
UTAH
Salt Lake City. The formal dedication of
the new administration building of the Uni-
versity of Utah, described in the LIBRARY
JOURNAL for Octoler, took place Oct. 8. Hon.
Henry S. Pritchett, president of the Carnegie
Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching,
was the principal speaker, his address being
on "Education and happiness."
Foreigi
GREAT BRITAIN
Mr. G. F. Barwick, formerly superintendent
of the reading-room of the British Museum,
has been appointed keeper of printed books,
to succeed the late Arthur William Kaye Mil-
ler. His position in the reading-room will be
taken by R. F. Sharp, assistant keeper of the
department of printed books.
Birmingham. On Wednesday evening, Sept.
30, the staff of the Birmingham Public Libra-
ries met at the Colonnade Hotel, the chief
librarian, Mr. Walter Powell, presiding, to
give a send-off to the seven members of the
staff who had joined the City Battalion, as well
as to two of the porters at the Central Li-
braries who had also rejoined the colors.
One of the latter was a reservist called up
at the outbreak of hostilities and only able to
be present by reason of having been invalided
home after the battle of Mons. There was a
very large gathering and great enthusiasm
was shown when the chairman wished the
men God-speed and a safe and happy return.
FRANCE
The Association of French Librarians has,
after long debate, decided to recommend the
employment of a third class of library offi-
cials, in rank between the librarians and the
attendants (gardiens). It was suggested that
the former "commis d'ordre," a class of em-
ployes dropped some time since, are sadly
missed and should be taken on again. It was
also suggested that for this third class of li-
brary employes, as indeed for many sorts of
work about a library, women were as well
if not better qualified than men. They were
cheaper also, and their employment would
render it possible to keep many a small li-
brary open, which must now be closed several
hours a day. The women to be employed
must pass a certain examination, particularly
in languages, as it would be necessary to cata-
log titles in all tongues.
Paris. The Revue des Bibliotheques, nos.
1-3, 1914, has an interesting article by Alfred
Rebelliau concerning the new Thiers Library
given to the French Institute by Mile. Dosne,
sister-in-law of the great statesman and for-
mer President of the Republic. The library is
housed in the Hotel Thiers, 27 Place St.
Georges, which was Mile. Dosne's home until
her death. She has given the house itself
and the interesting relics it contains to the
Institute as well as the collection of books.
The library is endowed and a commission
consisting of MM. Georges Pic^t, L. Delisle,
Ludovic Halevy (who is an enthusiastic stu-
dent of French history as well as a successful
playwright), assisted by several others, has
been appointed to administer the funds of the
foundation and supplement the collection in
such a way that it will prove in time
an invaluable source of information to the
student and writer of French history. Thiers'
study and his private apartments, kept as
they were during his lifetime, are part of
866
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[November, 1914
the donation. The great statesman's corre-
spondence and the first drafts of his books
are in the possession of other libraries
and archives, but many which were in the
possession of private individuals have been
given to the new library since its opening.
The Thiers Library is particularly rich in
books and documents concerning the history
of the Revolution and the Republic of 1848.
The library is open to the public on the same
terms as is the Library of the French Insti-
tute : a card signed by two academicians is
necessary to admit the student to its rooms.
GERMANY
Hamburg. "Die Oeffentliche Biicherhalle,"
a system of popular libraries organized by the
Patriotic Society of Hamburg, has issued its
report for 1913. The "Biicherhalle," with its
five branches, had a circulation of 2,000,000 vol-
umes in 1913, a record for German libraries.
The majority of these were fiction, but the 50,-
ooo technical works taken out show that the
Bucherhalle is filling a long-felt want in placing
useful educational and vocational works at the
easy disposal of those who need them. Orig-
inally intended to supply good fiction and pop-
ular scientific books to the poorer classes, the
Bucherhalle finds itself, after several years of
existence, the literary and educational main-
stay of a large middle strata of the popu-
lation, for which neither the usual cheap
"popular libraries" nor the University librar-
ies had made any provision. Artisans, small
shopkeepers, and clerks, flock to the libraries
and use them in connection with the night
schools and the vocational schools to further
their careers by fitting themselves for a higher
type of work. They demand technical and
easily comprehensible scientific books of all
descriptions and the better class of fiction, the
classics of every language, to such an extent
that the Bucherhalle has found it best to
cater to the definitely expressed wishes of this
large class of readers. Books on all commer-
cial subjects, finance, banking, bookkeeping,
and the like are eagerly sought for and ordered
long ahead. The demand for music and books
on music has increased greatly during the past
year, and the Bucherhalle saw itself compelled
to increase its supply accordingly. The chil-
dren's department lent out 260,000 books dur-
ing 1913, and the reading rooms for children
were much frequented. A new branch in a
hitherto neglected city quarter is planned. The
government promises the land, and the munici-
pality pledges 35,000 marks towards the build-
ing and a yearly subsidy of 20,000 marks for
its maintenance. An already existing branch
is to be newly housed in a fine building to
be erected by the city.
Wolfenbuttel. An item in the Braun-
schweiger Allgemeiner Anzeiger of Sept. 17 re-
cords the death of Dr. Phil. Robert Burger,
for ten years librarian of the Ducal Library
of Wolfenbiittel. Dr. Burger, who was a
vice sergeant major in one of the German
regiments, was wounded by a shot in the face
in a battle back of St. Quentin and was
brought to the hospital at Noyon, where he
died of his wound. He was 37 years old.
SCANDINAVIA
"The libraries of Scandinavia" is the title
of a paper by Jacob Hodnefield, published in
the Publications of the Society for the Ad-
vancement of Scandinavian Study for June,
1914. It is a carefully prepared paper compiled
from reports of Scandinavian libraries, library
periodicals, and personal correspondence and
conversation with Scandinavian librarians.
There are four types of libraries in Scandi-
navia: the royal ' libraries (found only in
Sweden and Denmark), university libraries,
public libraries, and those belonging to socie-
ties and individuals. The royal libraries,
founded from the fifteenth to the seventeenth
centuries, at first were like museums, their
object being to preserve the books rather than
to give service except to the favored few.
Now they are really national libraries, and
their service is nation - wide. The public
libraries are still not fully developed. Only
the larger city libraries have reading and
reference rooms, the others being simply
book collections, open a few hours two or
three times a week for the lending of books.
The article describes with more or less de-
tail the resources of the Royal Library, the
University Library, and the Public Library in
Copenhagen, the State Library at Aarhus, the
National Library of Iceland, the Royal Li-
brary at Stockholm, the University Libraries
at Lund and Upsala, the Public Library at
Gothenburg, the Royal University Library of
Norway, the Deichmanske Bibliotek in Chris-
tiania, and the Public Library in Bergen.
In 1909 Norway had 800 public libraries
besides traveling libraries and 3000 children's
libraries in schools. The national department
in charge issues a selected list of books, and all
books bought with government appropriations
must be selected from this catalog. Duplicate
orders are sent to the government department
and the bookseller. The books selected are all
sent to one bindery, which does the binding for
all the public libraries in the country. For
40 ore (about n cents) per volume, the books
November, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
867
are bound ready for use, this price including
a book pocket. The government department
sends proper catalog cards for each order to
the bindery, where they are put into the
books, and the books are then franked
through the mail to their various destinations.
Catalog cards cost 3 ore each, and the slugs
from which they are printed are kept, so that
finding lists for the libraries may be printed
at very low rates.
DENMARK
Copenhagen. The Communal Public Libra-
ry reports for 1913-14 a most successful year.
There were 11,595 borrowers who took out
460,904 books, a gain of over 100,000 over the
figures for the preceding twelvemonth. This
year 100,458 technical or instructive books
were taken out, as against 40,987 the preced-
ing year. The reading rooms in the main li-
brary and its four branches were visited by
145,164 persons, of whom about 30,000 were
children. The great gain of this year is laid
to the heavy purchases of new and important
books, and also to the fact that the circula-
tion department was open not only in the
evening as before, (from 6 to 9) but also from
12 noon to 2 p. m.
SWEDEN
Christiania. The Deichmann Library re-
ports 565,792 books taken out during 1912,
and 286,875 taken out during the first half of
1913. The library now owns 119,023 books and
has one main building and three branches, a
new branch having just been opened in the
suburb Gronland. Gifts to the library during
1912 and the first half of 1913 numbered 2,557
volumes.
NORWAY
Bergen. The town has completed its sub-
scription lists for the building of its new
library. The city has given a piece of ground
in a good central location and the money for
the building has been subscribed by private
parties. One rich merchant, Oluf Bjorneseth,
whose interest in children's libraries was
aroused in America last year and who has re-
cently presented a very interesting and com-
plete collection of Norwegian children's litera-
ture to the New York Public Library, gave
20,000 kroners for the children's room alone,
that it might be made a model of its kind.
Professor Olaf Nordhagen is to be the archi-
tect for the new building.
SWITZERLAND
Berne. The report for 1913 of the National
Swiss Library shows an accession list of 15,085
volumes, a falling off of several thousand
from the record of 1912. The difference is
explained by the fact that a larger propor-
tion of the library funds was spent in cata-
loging. Owing to alterations in the library
building the rooms were closed for a longer
time than usual, which resulted in a falling
off of the attendance compared with the year
1912. 10,238 visitors were registered for 1913.
The home circulation was 26,958, a gain of
2,000 over the previous twelvemonth. An
'amusing incident noted in the report is the
anonymous gift of 250 francs, which is a
compensation on the part of the unknown
donor for damage done by him to the library
property. The damage consisted of a deliber-
ate tearing out and carrying away of maps
from four different atlases. The theft was
perpetrated six or seven years ago, and the
thief was never discovered. The librarians
have not been able to discover him even now,
nor to discover the reason for his tardy awak-
ening of conscience. The chief aim of the
National Library is to conserve all literature
which comes under the head of "Helvetica,"
particularly all writings touching on Swiss
history since the foundation of the present
Confederation in 1848. It is under the direct
supervision of the Department of the Interior.
The library has now 332,000 books, 48,000
prints, 9,000 maps, and a thousand MSS. It
serves furthermore as Regional Bureau for
the London International Catalogue.
Geneva. The University and Public Library
(M. Frederic Gardy, director; M. Henri De-
larue, curator) shows an accession list for 1913
of 4,852 books, 18,081 installments of books
or periodicals, 7,016 pamphlets and 7,502 acad-
emic theses. 5,501 volumes were lent to 459
readers, and 418 volumes and 7 manuscripts
were lent to twenty-seven libraries, archives,
or public institutes in Switzerland, while forty-
seven volumes and five manuscripts went to
nine foreign libraries. There was a large at-
tendance in all the various reading rooms and
reference halls, the year being considered a
very successful one, in spite of the fact that
the opening of a new stack room necessitated
the moving of 80,000 volumes, and the con-
sequent prolongation of the usual summer
closing time. An appropriation of 7,500
francs has been made by the municipal coun-
cil for special alterations to the building, giv-
ing greater security against flood and fire.
Lausanne. The University and Cantonal
Library reports 405 new subscriptions to per-
iodicals, bringing the total number held by
the library up to 7,566. Besides these new
periodicals, the library bought and cataloged
790 books, 159 pamphlets, and ten maps during
868
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[November, 1914
the year 1913. The library lent 400 volumes
to the organizers of the vacation courses at
the University, and included students of the
courses, under certain regulations, among
those permitted to borrow works of fiction.
The library was frequented by 4<>,94i persons
during the year. Of these 6,700 were borrow-
ers of books, 34,241 came to read and consult
the works of reference, and 8,363 were vis-
itors to the special Exposition and to the Hall
of Medals.
Zurich. In its report for 1913 the City Li-
brary gives considerable space to the project
for a new great Central Library, a plan which
has been eighteen years in the making. At
the close of the previous year 750,000 francs
of voluntary private contributions for the new
library had already been promised. During
1913 the matter was brought to a referendum
vote of the citizens of Zurich and carried by a
large majority, after having been passed by
the cantonal council and the city council. The
only measure still needful is the referendum
of the canton, which it is -hoped will be favor-
able. The plan is to concentrate the various
collections belonging to the City Library and
house them in a suitable building. During the
year 1913 the collections of the library have
been newly assessed for the purposes of fire
insurance. The result gave as values for the
various collections : books, 1,539,024 francs ;
manuscripts, 1,008,565 francs; periodicals,
306,605 francs ; coins, medals, 382,800 francs ;
catalogs, 155,600 francs; furniture, 23,500
francs, making a total of 3,416,094 francs. The
new accessions for the year show a total of
6,604, of which 2,628 were books.
AUSTRIA
An official dispatch from Vienna to the
Austro-Hungarian ambassador in the United
States repeats the assertion made by Polish
refugees from Galicia that after the occupa-
tion of Lemberg by the Russians the famous
Polish Library housed in Osselinsky Institute
was sent to Petrograd.
RUSSIA
Moscow. The fourteenth library "Biblio-
teka L. P. Vakhterovoi" has been opened in
Moscow by the Society of Free Public Libra-
ries.
Moscow. The University of Moscow Libra-
ry is to have a new hall with open shelves.
A collection of 2000 books will be placed on
them.
Petrograd. The city at present has twenty
free public libraries. During 1912-13, the re-
cord of attendance in eighteen of these
showed that 37,427 admission tickets, entitling
the holder to the privilege of using books in
the libraries, were issued. The number of
visitors was 206,786; books issued for reading
room use 299,664. For home use 260,409 vol-
umes were issued to 12,675 readers.
Ufa. Library courses will be opened this
year in Ufa, the city council having appropri-
ated 3500 rubles for the purpose.
Warsaw. Work on the Biblioteka Ordynacyi
hr. Krasinskich, which is under construction,
is progressing rapidly, and it is expected that
the library will be opened soon. The library
already contains over 100,000 volumes.
AUSTRALIA
Adelaide P. L. H. Rutherford Purnell, Ibn.
(Rpt— 1912-13.) Accessions 3242; total num-
ber of volumes 80,480 (exclusive of 7000
U. S. and Canadian public documents). At-
tendance 105,400, a decrease of 2130. The
library is being reclassified by the Dewey sys-
tem, and the books rearranged on the shelves.
In 1913, the work of fitting up a periodical
room was completed, and with the installation
of furniture and electric lights, it will be
available for public use. Books have been
purchased to start a children's library as soon
as the necessary room can be furnished.
THE LIBRARIAN'S MOTHER GOOSE
XI. SHIPPING STATION
There was a little man
He had a little trunk.
And it was heavy as lead) lead, lead.
He took it to the station —
They gave an exclamation — /
But I wouldn't dare tell what they said, said, said!
—Renee B. Stern.
LIBRARY WORK
Notes of developments in all branches of library activity, particularly as shown in
current library literature.
General
Education, Training, Library Schools
INSTRUCTION IN USE OF LIBRARIES
Various methods of giving instruction in use
of libraries to college students were told at
a college library round table at the Ithaca
meeting of the New York Library Association
in September. At Syracuse the English de-
partment and the Library School co-operate,
and groups of freshmen are taken through the
library, where every department is explained
to them. This resulted last year in adding
200 names to the list of registered borrowers,
and in increased circulation and reading toom
attendance. This year a course in library in-
struction is to be given with the English de-
partment.
At Vassar freshmen are taken in groups of
three or four on 15 minute trips around the
library. This creates a better personal rela-
tion between the students and assistants than
a lecture could establish.
At Oberlin Mr. Root, the librarian, gives
an elective course in the use of libraries to
classes of from 60 to 75 freshmen. Credit
is given for work done in the course.
At Hamilton College time is borrowed from
the different departments to get an opportu-
nity to give instruction, whenever possible the
instruction given to the different groups help-
ing them to a better knowledge of the books
most useful to the work of their department.
CARE OF BOOKS TAUGHT IN SCHOOLS
Permission has been granted, to the library
authorities of Middletown, O., to send lec-
turers to the different school buildings to
co-operate with the regular teaching staff in
teaching the children the care and proper use
of books. Miss Elsie Ingalls of the library
staff has already made visits to several of the
grade buildings and has pointed out the
proper way to open books and care for them.
She has emphasized the importance of use
of the public library and has explained the
aid that the library attendants can offer to
students in search of reading material. At
the opening of school this year the teachers
made a visit to the local library at which time
Miss Ellinwood and her assistants explained
the facilities of the library.
Library Biography
LIBRARY BIOGRAPHY
Biographical sketches of librarians and bib-
liographers: III. Charles Ammi Cutter, 1837-
1903. Samuel Swett Green. Bull. Bibl., Jl.,
1914. p. 59-60.
Mr. Cutter was born in Boston, Mar. 14,
1837, was graduated from Harvard in 1855,
and from the Divinity School in 1859. While
still in the Divinity School in 1858, he became
its librarian, and in 1860 he entered the Har-
vard College Library. He took charge of the
Boston Athenaeum, Jan. I, 1869, and remained
until 1893. Soon after he became librarian of
the Forbes Library in Northampton, Mass.,
where he stayed until his death, Sept. 6, 1903.
Mr. Cutter had great natural qualifications
for librarianship, and an international reputa-
tion for his skill in cataloging, which was
manifested in the Athenseum catalog which
was issued under his supervision, volume by
volume from 1874 to 1882. He also compiled
a set of rules for making a dictionary catalog
which the United States Bureau of Education
issued in 1876 as the second part of the great
work on the libraries of this country, and
which was kept up to date by revisions.
Mr. Cutter took an active part in the form-
ing of the American Library Association, and
was for many years, from its inception, the
editor of the bibliographical department of the
LIBRARY JOURNAL, and for the last ten years
of his connection with the JOURNAL he shared
the responsibility of its general editorship. He
was the author of the Expansive Classification
for the arrangement of books on a library's
shelves, left unfinished at the time of his
death, which was placed in the hands of his
nephew, Mr. W. P. Cutter, for compilation.
Mr. Cutter was a hard worker, learned and
accurate, and of fine taste in art, architecture,
and literature. He was modest, unselfish,
gentle, and generous. "His readiness to help
others, his simplicity of spirit, the catholicity
of his interests and enjoyments, made him as
delightful as a companion as he was lovable as
a friend."
History of Library Economy
MEDIEVAL LIBRARIES
Old time books, scribes, and librarians.
Marion Nesbitt. Ave Maria, S. 12, 1914. p.
328-334.
870
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[November, 1914
A good part of this article is devoted to the
librarians of the monastic libraries.
PJOLE'S INDEX, HISTORY OF
The origin of Poole's Index. John Ed-
mands. Pub. Libs., O-, 1914- P- 341-
During Mr. Edmand's senior year at Yale,
1846-47, he had charge of the library of one
of the literary societies. He had to help
students with references to subjects they were
looking up, and for his own convenience kept
copies of the references arranged for ready
reference. This was published anonymously
during the winter in a 8-page pamphlet called
"Subjects for debate with reference to au-
thorities."
The following year Mr. Poole had charge
of this same library, and as the pamphlet con-
tinued in demand and the supply was ex-
hausted, he undertook a new edition. Instead
of going on with this work, he made a general
index to the periodicals then in the library,
and this was published in 1848. When, in
1876, it was decided to have a general index
to periodicals, Mr. Poole was made editor.
Chapters from an impossible autobiography,
Chapter xxm. The lost manuscript. William
I. Fletcher. Pub. Libs., O., 1914. P- 334-336.
The history of the loss of a package con-
taining several letters of the alphabet in the
entries prepared for the Poole's Index of
1882. The missing manuscript was subse-
quently discovered under a fruitstand in front
of a grocery store and the mystery was cleared
up a few days later when a similar sized pack-
age fell off an express truck at Mr. Fletcher's
feet, without being missed by the man in
charge.
Scope, Usefulness, Founding
Library Extension Work
PHONOGRAPH CONCERTS
Miss Stella Stebbins and Miss Ethel Wright,
of the Virginia (Minn.) Public Library, told
of the use of the victrola in that library,
at the meeting of the Minnesota Library
Association at Little Falls. The victrola
concerts are given for the most part
on Sunday afternoons. The program is
printed in the paper and copies distributed in
the library. In making the programs, the
aim is to make the selection broad enough to
contain something that will please people of
different tastes. Special programs are made
for holidays, suggestions for these being
found in a monthly pamphlet published by
the Victrola Company. Most of the records
used are borrowed or rented from the victrola
dealers, the test for purchase being the ap-
proval of the audience after hearing a record
again and again. By means of these Sunday
concerts, foreigners have been brought to the
library who otherwise would be very difficult
to reach. Miss Wright emphasized the value
of the victrola in connection with the story
hour, specially recommending selections from
Lohengrin, the Niebelungen Ring, the Proces-
sion of the Knights from Parsifal, the Sextette
from Lucia di Lammermoor, and Home to
our Mountains and the Miserere from II
Trovatore. A number of separate selections
were also named by Miss Wright as being
continual favorites with the children.
EXHIBITS
An interesting collection of maps, photo-
graphs and diagrams bearing on the European
war has been placed on exhibition in the
geological library at Columbia University. The
position of the various armies is indicated on
the maps by diffeffrent colored pins, and these
are shifted daily.
Lists of books on occupations were sent
out from the branches of the Minneapolis
Public Library early last summer. Prizes
were offered to boys and girls who would
make some article during their summer vaca-
tion and bring it to the library in the fall.
An exhibit of these articles, which was held
in the main library, was exceedingly interest-
ing, not only to the young people but to
the grown-ups as well, and was a valuable
lesson in well directed effort to both groups
of people.
Library Development and Co-operation
CO-OPERATION BETWEEN LIBRARIES
How the Library of Congress serves the
people. Wm. Warner Bishop. Pub. Libs., O.,
IQI4- P. 331-334-
The Library of Congress serves the people
by its mere existence, which is a recognition
of the library profession and its importance
that reacts helpfully on every librarian. Its
receiving the compulsory deposits of all ropy-
righted articles makes it unique among Amer-
ican libraries, entailing the maintenance and
rounding out of some collections, as music
and prints, which ordinary libraries need not
always do. It prepares a large number of
bibliographies which can almost always be
lent to libraries, and frequently given. It
publishes the Monthly List of State Publica-
tions, and three times a week the Catalog of
Copyright Entries, the most complete record
of the press of America. It is the central
November, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
87I
cataloging bureau for the United States, and
carries a stock of over 40,000,000 copies of
its printed cards. It also prints a notable
array of calendars, special catalogs, bibliog-
raphies, and texts, which are available for
libraries and individuals for trifling sums.
This usefulness is rather indirect than
direct and personal. The most direct service
to persons outside Washington is in answer
to inquiries by letter, along certain lines set
forth in the "Rules and practice." The inter-
library loan is another direct service, from
which few classes of books are excepted.
Books are lent in aid of research, with a view
to enlarging the boundaries of knowledge, but
not for mere self-instruction. The library
cannot do research work for people at a dis-
tance, nor lend its reference books. Neither
can it lend new novels, cheap books, genealo-
gies, local histories, and newspapers. Trans-
portation charges rest on the borrowing li-
brary.
Founding, Developing and Maintaining
Interest
LIBRARY EXHIBITS AT COUNTY FAIRS
J. H. Newman, librarian of the Ohio State
Library, made the rounds of the county fairs
in his state to stimulate interest in the State
Library and to show the citizens the advan-
tages to be gained from its use. The Ohio Li-
brary Association prepared an exhibit of books
to be shown at the various fairs, and the
work of the five departments of the state li-
brary— reference, circulating, traveling, docu-
ments, and legislative — was described in lec-
tures and informal talks. Miss Helen Atkin-
son of the State Library assisted Mr. Newman
in explaining the exhibit.
"BETTER BABIES" PHOTOGRAPHS
Last year the Grand Rapids Public Library
printed a selected list of books on the care of
children, entitled "Better babies," which was
mailed to the new mothers in the city regu-
larly as their names appeared in the official
records of birth. The superintendent of cir-
culation has collected a series of photographs
of babies whose mothers brought them up on
library books. These are on exhibition on one
of the bulletin boards of the Ryerson building,
and show at a glance that the mothers who
use library books on this subject know how
to raise better babies. The newly revised list
of these books is printed in the library's
Bulletin for September.
PUBLICITY POSTALS
At the meeting of the New York Library
Association in Ithaca in September Miss Eliza-
beth L. Foote, librarian in charge of the I2$th
Street branch of the New York Public Li-
brary, described the publicity postals used in
her branch, and also two files she keeps show-
ing the book interests and occupations of card-
holders.
"The 'interested postal' as used in a num-
ber of libraries, reads something like this :
(Name and address of library)
(date)
You may be interested in the following
book which has been placed in this library :
The book will be reserved for you till 9
p. m
Bring this card with you.
"The postal being approved!, the next prob-
lem is to whom to send it when certain new
books come in which you are sure will be of
special interest to someone. This card is used
in some libraries :
Subject
Name
Address
The library will be glad to notify you
when books are added which treat of the
subjects in which you are interested. Please
fill in the above for our file.
"A pile of these cards lies always on the
desk or the catalog case and readers take
and fill them out as they please. In this
branch the librarian assigns a class number to
the subject and if the reader has named more
than one or if the subject has more than one
place in the D. C, duplicate cards are made and
filed, so that the reader's name is kept with
each subject in which he is interested. When
new books are ready, the file is consulted for
the numbers represented in the new books, and
postals sent. There is also an "occupations"
file, in which a card is made for each reader
from the application slip, according to the oc-
cupation named there. This can often be
used in getting books to the right people, and
it is also useful as a general indication of the
character of the constituency and a guide to
choice of books.
"The 'interested postal'," says Miss Foote,
"brings such delightful expressions of appre-
ciation from grateful readers, that it more than
pays for the trouble it takes."
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[November, 1914
LIBRARY ADVERTISING
The Brumback Library of Van Wert
County, Ohio, this year followed up its line of
advertising introduced at the Van Wert
County Fair last year by an entirely differ-
ent development of the same idea of placing
placards in the various exhibits throughout
the fair grounds. This year the library intro-
duced the "picture bulletin" idea, but of an
unconventional and untraditional style, col-
ored pictures on cardboard with black
gummed letters were used. In the bread and
cake section was placed this one: The picture,
recently a Life cover, of a young woman with
horror stricken face, holding up hands drip-
ping stickily with the bread she is mixing.
On Life she was saying, "Gracious, there's
the telephone!" On the library bulletin she
said: "My goodness! Where's a cook book?
Answer: At the Library." Tacked to the en-
trance to the grandstand was a picture of a
boy with uplifted bat ready to strike an ap-
proaching baseball. This read: "Strike out"
(above the picture) and "Read some books
from the Brumback Library" (below the pic-
ture). In the fruit exhibit was shown a
Saturday Evening Post picture of an old man
looking through opera glasses (at air ships).
The air ships had been cut away and pasted
above the opera glasses and crawling all over
the letters of the big word BUGS were vari-
ous sorts of insects. Below the picture "A
book on spraying might help." On the front
of a horse stall in the stock exhibit was a
picture of a horse with a little girl on its
back, leaning caressingly over : "Horse sense —
Let's go to the Library." In the school ex-
hibit appeared the picture of a mother tying
her small boy's necktie and saying as he starts
for school: "Johnny, be sure to bring home a
book from your school library." These are
a few of the seventeen "picture bulletins"
used. The library exhibit in the Main build-
ing attracted much favorable attention and
comment. On the back wall was a large "sec-
tional" map of the county made up from card-
board and the townships outlined in passe-
partout. The names of the fifteen branch
stations were placed in position in the black
gummed letters, with a picture of the main li-
brary where Van Wert would be. Four shelves
of books and a few pictures completed the dis-
play. The assistant in charge of the booth each
day gave away souvenir post cards advertising
the library. These cards had a picture of the
library building, a list of branches, and the
following text :
"Dear Neighbor: — Do you know how easy
it is for the people of Van Wert County to
:get good books for all the family to read?
Our County Library has branches at fifteen
different places in the county, (a different col-
lection at each every three months) — books
on EVERY subject you can think of, as well
as good novels and books for children.
"Besides this, the rural teachers borrow
school libraries from the county library, and
the children bring these books home."
BIRTHDAY LISTS OF BOOKS
The Grand Rapids Public Library placed
on the open shelves for September a collec-
tion of biographies of people whose birthdays
occur in September. This "birthday calendar"
will be a feature for each month hereafter.
COUNTY SOCIAL SERVICE WORK
A year ago the county Y. W. C. A. secretary
and the county agent for dependent and delin-
quent children called a meeting of all paid
workers in social service work in Chautauqua
county, New York, including the librarians
at Jamestown, Westfield, Fredonia, and Dun-
kirk. About twenty-five responded to the invi-
tation, the group including secretaries of the
Y. M. C. A, Y. W. C. A., and charity or-
ganization societies; county, district, and pub-
lic school nurses ; the secretary to the police
board; and librarians. Three meetings have
been held, with practical discussions of the
problems to be solved, each line of work being
represented by one speaker at each discussion.
A committee of three was appointed to se-
cure space at the Chautauqua county fair, that
the separate interests might be brought before
the county collectively. Ample space was ob-
tained and a rest room furnished with some of
the results of the work. The county agent for
dependent children had a better babies exhibit,
and the Y. W. C. A. took charge of the welfare
work. The libraries had bulletins showing all
the libraries in the county; a bulletin with the
number of volumes in each and the number of
books issued ; two illustrating books ; and one
on the development of Chautauqua county;
eight boards in all. The entire exhibit attract-
ed a good deal of attention and received many
flattering comments from the visitors. The
authorities were so well pleased with the ex-
periment that a larger space was offered for
next year, when the librarians hope to fur-
nish material for a historical pageant to be
carried out by the children of the county in the
various classes conducted by the Y. M. C. A.
and Y. W. C. A. This co-operation brings the
librarians in personal touch with those having
charge of the county jail, almshouse, city jails,
and through the state board of charities, with
the orphanages, as well as the organized chari-
ties throughout the county.
BRUMBACK LIBRARY EXHIBIT AT THE FAIR IN VAN WERT COUNTY, OHIO, AND SOME SAMPLE POSTERS
November, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
873
BULLETINS
Picture bulletins at the May Day fete, Li-
brary School. Marion Humble. Wis. Lib.
Bull., Je., 1914. p. 142-144.
Descriptions of an exhibit of picture bulle-
tins, with lists of books, on poetry and song,
advertising, business of a circus, circus day,
poultry culture, pottery, "they who knock at
our gates," fire prevention, and Norway.
Libraries and the State
MUNICIPAL RELATIONS
The place of the public library in the ad-
ministration of a city. William A. Schaper.
Nat. Municipal Rev., O., 1914. p. 672-682.
Professor Schaper traces the growth of the
Boston Public Library from its first projec-
tion in 1847 down to the present time, and
enumerates the library facilities of several of
the more active cities. In all of these the
school and library authorities are distinct, and
it is consequently natural to find two sets of
educational buildings erected. Some duplica-
tion of schools and library buildings may be
both inevitable and desirable, but in many
cases it involves large public outlays that are
unnecessary.
"The independent boards still having charge
of the public schools, libraries, art galleries,
museums, and other secondary educational ac-
tivities will probably in course of time become
an organic branch of a properly organized
city government, responsive and responsible
to the rising municipal democracies.
"The advantages of uniting the public li-
brary system with the public school system
under one central authority properly related
to the rest of the city government are many,
including the following:
"i. A marked saving in the amount spent
on buildings and in their operation and main-
tenance.
"2. A unification of all the educational ac-
tivities under a single directing agency would
insult in a better utilization of the school
buildings.
"3. This plan simplifies the machinery of
city government and gives democracy a better
chance to direct it intelligently.
"4. The uniting of the public libraries and
other secondary educational agencies with the
public schools would greatly strengthen the
influence of the educational interests as op-
posed to the material, the purely mercenary
and political.
"5. Placing the schools and libraries under
one directing agency will promote a closer
integration between them."
Support. Raising Funds
CO-OPERATIVE LIBRARY SUPPORT BY CITY DEPART-
MENTS
For two years the Denver Public Library
conducted a branch library in the abandoned
town hall in Valverde, a suburb of Denver.
When the city went under a commission form
of government, this old building was assigned
to the commissioner of safety, who planned
to remodel the structure into a fire house.
When the work of altering it began last
spring, the library moved out and until other
quarters were available, Valverde received
only weekly visits from the library's book
truck. The discontinuance of the library's
reading room and book distribution resulted
in unfortunate conditions in Valverde. In
communications sent by the Valverde Im-
provement Association, it was stated that men
and boys were going in increasing numbers to
drinking places across the river and that par-
ents no longer knew where to find their chil-
dren in the evenings. Valverde is one of the
poorest sections of Denver, but a committee
of citizens visited the mayor and asked to be
assessed for a library building. This was not
done, as the mayor decided the section was
too poor to stand this assessment. Follow-
ing several public meetings in Valverde, Mr.
Alexander Nisbet, commissioner of safety,
decided that since the library had meant so
much to the suburb and had been discontinued
because of changing the library building into
a fire house, he would provide for other
branch library facilities. Consequently, plans
have been completed under the direction of
the Denver Public Library for the erection
of new quarters. The new branch buildirg
will consist of a wing added to the fire house.
It will be paid for by monies from the de-
partment of safety, but will be under the juris-
diction of the Denver Public Library. It is
unique in commission form of government, to
see a department pay for any activities that
are not strictly under its jurisdiction. In
Denver the library activities are classified
under the department of social welfare.
Government and Service
Constitution and Bylaws for Governing
Board
BY-LAWS
By-laws suggested for public library boards.
Wis. Lib. Bull, Je., 1914. p. 144-146.
A set of suggested by-laws framed by the
Indiana Library Commission which Wisconsin
workers have tried and found excellent.
874
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[November, 1914
Staff
STUDENT ASSISTANTS IN COLLEGE LIBRARIES
In a round table discussion of student as-
sistants and their work during "library week"
at Ithaca in September, some interesting
points were brought out. Dr. D. F. Estes of
Colgate University opened the discussion.
He found the student helpers able to do al-
most any routine work. In the cataloging
department in his library they collate and cut
leaves; in the accession department they do
perforating, pasting, etc., and numbering on
books and cards; in the order department
nothing is given them; in the loan department
they shelve books and read the shelves when
a library assistant reads the shelf list, and
work at the loan desk in the evening and cer-
tain hours during the day; they open book
packages but do not check up the orders,
take charge of books for debate material after
the reference librarian has made up the lists,
do alphabeting, and order the L. C. cards.
In choosing the men a written application is
required and kept on file. Dependability, gen-
eral good character, and practical intelligence
are requisite qualities, and other things being
equal, the man most in need of the money is
chosen. Disadvantages of the system are
limited service, irregular hours, and spas-
modic interest in the work. Its advantages
lie in the possibility of securing cheap, abun-
dant, and intelligent labor; in the closer con-
tact with the student body and the student
point of view; in the greater ease in tracing
books that disappear; in providing real help
to students who might not otherwise be able
to stay in college; and finally, in getting a
number of men in such close touch with the
books that they are interested to go into the
work themselves after graduation.
Mr. Willard Austen, reference librarian at
Cornell, said he was a convert to the use of
students as pages and in all work where one
can train another, but where their work will
be supervised by a trained assistant. The
work benefits the men by stimulating their in-
terest in books.
Miss Sanborn of Wells felt that too much
time was lost in training assistants to make
their employment worth while. Miss Borden
of Vassar said they had twelve students who
put the books on the shelves, different stu-
dents having charge of certain sections. The
students also keep up the library scrapbooks,
and do collating, pasting, etc.
In Colgate the students are paid 25 cents
an hour; at Vassar they receive 15 cents at
the start and work up to 25 cents ; at Hamilton
College they receive about 20 cents ; at Roch-
ester they work 125 hours per term for
their tuition, which is equivalent to about 20
cents an hour; and at Syracuse they are paid
20 cents.
Rules for Readers
Home Use. Loans
RESERVED BOOKS AND FINES
The question of reserved books and fines
in college libraries was discussed during "li-
brary week" at Ithaca. At Syracuse Univer-
sity the books were kept in the reading room
at first, but it was found they had to be put
behind the desk. A long card for each book is
kept, on which the students sign for reserva-
tions. Books may be taken out over night,
with a 25-cent fine if they are not returned in
the morning.
At Colgate few are kept at the loan desk,
, most reserved books being in department
rooms, but it was felt it would be an advantage
to have more at the loan desk.
At Oberlin about 2500 are kept on reserve
behind the desk. Students may select their
own books, but must sign a card for the books
before leaving. If the book is not returned
at 8:15 the next morning a fine of 25 cents is
charged.
At Wesleyan a fine of 5 cents is charged
for the first ten minutes' delay in returning
a reserved book in the morning, 10 cents for
the second and succeeding ten-minute periods
up to 30 cents, then a messenger is sent for the
book and 15 cents extra is charged.
Columbia has forty reading rooms, and as
few books as possible are put on reserve. If
such books are taken out over night a 25-
cent fine is charged if they are not returned
when the library opens in the morning, with
an additional fine of 25 cents for each library
day the book is kept.
Administration
General. Executive.
SIGNS
Library signs. Wis. Lib. Bull., Je., 1914. p.
134-
Editorial. On the advantage of having
plenty of readable signs posted in the library
so the stranger may go directly to the ma-
terial in which he is interested, without hav-
ing to ask frequent questions of busy libra
rians.
Treatment of Special Material
CIRCULATION OF PICTURES
The Binghamton (N. Y.) Public Library
has prepared a collection of mounted pictures
November, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
875
for circulation. The pictures are circulated
in envelopes, so that they are convenient for
carrying. As many as are desired may be
taken, with the time-limit set by the borrow-
er. No fine is charged if pictures are kept
beyond the limit, but overdue notices will be
sent. Additions to the picture file are being
constantly made. Special attention will be
given to requests for pictures on subjects
in which the collection is lacking.
Accession
BOOK REVIEWS
An interesting feature of the Danish library
journal, Bogsamlingsbladet, the organ of
the State Library Committee and the As-
sociation of Danish Public Libraries, is
its book reviews. They are written especially
with a thought for the needs of librarians
desiring to replenish their shelves. The books
to be reviewed are selected and reviewed by a
committee of book readers appointed by the
Library Association. The reviews give the
story of the book where fiction, its character
if non-fiction, its literary value in either case,
and then a few words of commentary on the
department for which it is especially fitted.
This review department must prove of great
value to librarians throughout Denmark, par-
ticularly in smaller towns. Such librarians
have the advantage of the work of a corps
of trained assistants in the choosing of books,
with no extra expense on their part.
In the same way the The Librarian and
Book World, the English independent profes-
sional journal, has the libraries in mind when
conducting its "Best books" department. A
complete catalog entry is given, with classifi-
cation number according to the Dewey sys-
tem, and careful annotations, and the entries
are printed a suitable width for cutting and
pasting on standard-sized catalog cards. In
its book review department, besides the usual
bibliographic data, information is given as to
the material and strength of binding and qual-
ity of paper.
Loan Department
POSTAL CARDS
To avoid frequent and fruitless calls for
books in, great demand, cardholders in the
San Francisco Public Library may purchase
printed postal cards from the secretary or the
branch librarians, state thereon the numbers
of the books wanted and present them at the
desk properly addressed. The cards will be
filed, and mailed to the applicants as the books
become available.
Libraries on Special Subjects
Municipal Libraries
MUNICIPAL INFORMATION BUREAU
A national bureau of municipal information.
Spec. Libs., S., 1914. p. 104-106.
Notes of J. C. Dana's talk to the Special
Libraries Association at Washington, May,
1914, describing his efforts to interest the
League of American Municipalities and the
New York Bureau of Municipal Research in
establishing a national Bureau of Municipal
Information. Two other suggestions have
been made by Herman Brauer, librarian of the
University of Washington, that the Census
Bureau undertake the work, or that a separate
federal Bureau of American Municipalities be
established. Mr. Dana thinks that the libraries
of the country could establish such a bureau
themselves, and that it would go far to give
them standing in the business world. He also
suggests that the Special Libraries Association
itself should establish a bureau of information
about libraries, particularly special libraries,
and is sure that such a library would come in
time to be self-supporting.
General Libraries
For Special Classes — Children
GIRLS, WORK WITH
Through the work of the New York Public
Library, girls whose reading was flippant have
become interested members of af "Girl's Ro-
mance Club," devoted to the study of good
literature. There was no attempt on the part
of the librarian to take them out of their in-
clinations and push them into another attitude
of thought, but by taking them just at the
point where they were and creating a right
atmosphere about the very thing they were
interested in, wonders are said to have been
wrought.
CHILDREN, WORK WITH
The library and the child. Arthur E. Bost-
wick. Pub. Libs., O., 1914. p. 337.
Abstract of an address. The difficulty in
dealing with the child arises from the fact that
he must be dealt with both individually and
in groups, and because the adult and child do
not understand each other. The library can
give more individual attention in its children's
room than is possible in school, and at the
same time group reactions are possible in the
library found elsewhere only in play.
In meeting the second difficulty, the book
seems to create a bond of sympathy between
child and adult, and the freedom of intercourse
876
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[November, 1914
helps to a better mutual understanding. An-
other point of vantage is the fact that the child
comes to the library voluntarily. While he
should not be left to read or study only what
he likes, he can be influenced to like what will
be best for him.
"Each one of us is at the same time, in the
eye of Nature, both descendant and ancestor.
It is only by regarding humanity as a whole
and the child as a changing group within it
that we can treat the problem adequately."
Bfbliograpbical motes
It is announced that Albert Hafner has pur-
chased the interest of the estate of Gustav E.
Stechert, thus becoming sole owner of the
firm G. E. Stechert & Co.
A brief list of organizations which dis-
tribute free reference material, compiled by
Miss Lillian E. Henley, is printed in the June
issue of the Library Occurrent, published by
the Public Library Commission of Indiana.
The Law Division of the University of the
State of New York, of which Frank B. Gilbert
is the chief, has issued its third law pamphlet
under the title, "Educational legislation of
1914."
The H. W. Wilson Company has taken the
American agency for "Library jokes and jot-
tings," by Henry T. Coutts, published by Graf-
ton & Company, of London. The book, in a
new binding, will be put upon the market be-
fore the holidays. Price, 65 cents, postpaid.
The Public Library of Fort Wayne, Ind.,
has followed the example of St. Louis in
issuing, in an attractive pamphlet form, the
report of its work with children. "The story
of a children's room" gives an easy running
account of the various lines of activity which
the children's department follows out, with
very little attempt to give statistics, but with
many pictures showing all phases of the work.
Mr. Frank Weitenkampf, of the New York
Public Library, had a note, about a column
and a half long, in the September issue of
Art and Progress on the exhibit of graphic
art (some 4000 pieces) at the Leipzig Exposi-
tion. So far as known, Mr. Weitenkampf's
brief review is the only one that has been pub-
lished in this country on that particular ex-
hibit.
Joseph F. Daniels, of the Riverside (Cal.)
Pubilc Library, is collecting statistics for a
book on the county free library situation in
America. Sufficient material is already at hand
to warrant publication as soon as it can be
tabulated. Bulletin 103 of the Riverside Li-
brary is a 12-page bibliography of references
on county free libraries in California and else-
where.
The World Book Company has recently
brought out three new books in its School
Efficiency series, edited by Paul H. Hanus.
They are "High school organization," by
Frank W. Ballou; "High school courses of
study," by Calvin O. Davis ; and "School train-
ing of defective children," by Henry H. God-
dard. The deductions embodied in the vol-
ume are based chiefly on the results of investi-
gations made in the schools of New York City.
The address on "The Lincoln and Douglas
debates," given before the Chicago Historical
Society last February by Horace White, who
reported them for the Chicago Press and
Tribune, has been reprinted in pamphlet form.
It is illustrated with portraits of Lincoln,
Douglas, and Mr. White himself, as well as a
facsimile of Lincoln's letter accepting the chal-
lenge to debate.
The Division of School Libraries of the
University of the State of New York has is-
sued a 6-page leaflet of "Rules to govern the
lending of school library books," accompany-
ing the commercial subjects section of an
annotated book list for school libraries. The
pamphlet is a result of the amendment of the
education act, providing that a school library
may be a circulating library in districts hav-
ing no other library facilities.
The Bureau of Railway Economics, of
Washington, D. C, has issued as Bulletin 66 a
75-page pamphlet, entitled "Statistics of rail-
ways, 1900-1912, United States." The tabula-
tions are based upon official data published by
the Interstate Commerce Commission for each
fiscal year from 1900 to 1912, and upon reports
of the Bureau of the Census, and include fig-
ures on population and area, railway mileage,
capital, securities and dividends, revenues, etc.,
employes and compensation equipment, and
freight and passenger traffic statistics.
The State Normal Record, published semi-
monthly by the Kansas State Normal School
at Emporia issued a school library number
last May that was worthy of more prompt
recognition. All the articles are written by
students or teachers of the school, and include
"High school libraries in Kansas," by Benja-
min Mallory; "Library training for teachers,"
by Gertrude Buck; "Getting books into the
country," by Mary Virginia Kellogg; "Use of
public documents in schools," by Vera W.
Kayser.
November, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
877
The Boston Book Company has issued a
little booklet entitled "Periodicals which sup-
ply title and index only on request," compiled
by Miss Gertrude P. Hill of the New York
Public Library. The pamphlet is just the size
of a catalog card, and is intended to be filed
in the card tray for ready reference. The
periodicals are arranged in three groups —
American, British (including colonies), and
Foreign (other than English). It is a sur-
prise to find in the American list the LIBRARY
JOURNAL, which since its establishment in 1876
has made it an invariable rule to send title
page and index for the preceding year with
each January number.
The "Canada year book, 1913," edited by
Ernest H. Godfrey, of the Census and Statistic
Office at Ottawa, and published by authority
of the minister of trade and commerce, has
made its appearance. In addition to the de-
partments included in the 1912 volume, there
have been added illustrated articles by com-
petent authorities on the history and physical
characteristics of Canada. New tables have
been added, and the old ones revised and
brought up to date. Other changes have been
made in various sections, the map of Canada
has been printed on a larger scale, and the
book now runs to 656 pages.
The National Association for the Study and
Prevention of Tuberculosis has on hand a
limited number of complete sets of the Trans-
actions of its previous meetings, dating back
to the year 1905, and making nine volumes in
all, which it will distribute free of charge to
any libraries that wish them and which will
pay the transportation charges from New York
City. These volumes take up all phases of the
movement, clinical, pathological and sociolog-
ical. The association also has on hand for
free distribution a very few sets of the Trans-
actions of the Sixth (1908) International Con-
gress on Tuberculosis, in English. These trans-
actions comprise eight volumes, and are valu-
able both historically and for immediate use.
The September issue of the A. L. A. Booklist
starts a new volume, and in it a new arrange-
ment of books has been adopted. Instead of
the general alphabetic arrangement, the books
are all arranged roughly by classes, books in
each class alphabeted by author as before,
and an author index will be included in each
number. This will make it easier for libra-
rians to find books needed for their special
departments, and the author index will cover
the need of an alphabetic arrangement. An-
other new feature has been added, or, rather,
an old feature is being emphasized. In each
number hereafter will appear an index to the
books specially recommended to the attention
of small libraries, and if the editor has any
special note for the librarian it will be in-
cluded in this index.
Forthcoming volumes in the Debaters Hand-
book series will include the following: "The
single tax," by Edna D. Bullock; "The Mon-
roe doctrine," by Edith M. Phelps; "Govern-
ment ownership of telephone and telegraph,"
by Katharine Berry Judson; and "Agricul-
tural credit," by Edna D. Bullock. The fol-
lowing new editions of the H. W. Wilson
Company's publications are also in preparation :
"Child labor," "Compulsory arbitration of in-
ternational disputes," and "Federal control of
interstate corporations." As the first volume
of a new series, to be called "The Handbook
series," which is to deal with timely subjects
not debatable, Mr. William D. P. Bliss, editor
of the "New encyclopedia of social reform,"
has prepared "A handbook of the European
war." This work, which is now in process of
printing, is made up of chapters on the coun-
tries concerned, written by Mr. Bliss, with re-
prints of important documents and articles.
A special chapter is devoted to the position of
the United States.
RECENT BIBLIOGRAPHIES
FOR SPECIAL CLASSES
SUNDAY SCHOOLS
Graded text-books for the modern Sunday school;
a bibliography. Chicago: Religious Educ. Assn.
29 p.
SUBJECT BIBLIOGRAPHIES
AMERICANA
A catalogue of books relating to American history
and biography, including works of fiction and gen-
eral literature by American authors. Springfield,
Mass.: H. R. Huntting Co. 18 p.
Americana, comprising: American discoveries;
American Revolution; Civil War; Canada; town and
county histories; together with a particularly rich
collection of books and monographs on the American
Indians and Mexico. Norwalk, Ct.: Wm. H. Smith,
jr. 26 p. (No. 19; 644 items.)
Books and pamphlets relating to America, in-
cluding rare almanacs, American humor, American
Revolution, Civil War, Canada, Franklin imprints,
Indians, early newspapers, New York, New England
primers, etc. New York: Heartman. 64 p. (No.
xxin. 810 items.)
Catalogue of books and pamphlets, being dupli-
cates from the Chicago H >torical Society, comprising
county histories of Iowa, Wisconsin, and other
western states, western explorations and Indian his-
tory . . . long series of publications of Harvard, Yale,
Dartmouth, and other eastern colleges. Boston: C.
F. Libbie & Co. 95 p. (1284 items.)
Catalogue of a private library, with additions com-
prising New England almanacs, New England chap-
books, Revolutionary broadsides . . . genealogies. . ,
Boston: C. F. Libbie & Co. 128 p. (1455 items.)
Catalogue of rare and choice books relating to
America. Cleveland, O.: The John Clark Co. 49 p.
(No. 5-)
Catalogue of valuable and interesting books in
general literature, including a special list of Amer-
icana and American publications. London:: Regi-
nald Atkinson. 40 p. (No. 8. 1241 items.)
8;8
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[November, 1914
Important collection of autograph letters and his-
torical documents formed by the late Hon. Garret
D. W. Vroom, of Trenton, N. J. Philadelphia:
Stan. V. Henkels. 127 p. (Cat. no. 1115. 1237
items.)
Rare Americana. New York: Heartman. 49 p.
Valuable Americana belonging to the late Hon.
Garret D. W .Vroom, of Trenton, N. J., embrac-
ing state, county and town history, genealogy, biog-
raphy, works of eminent statesmen, early imprints,
and rare American pamphlets. Philadelphia: Stan.
V. Henkels. 68 p. (Cat. no. 1116. 665 items.)
CHEMISTRY
Meldola, Raphael. Chemistry. Holt, _3 p. bibl.
50 c. n. (Home university library of modern
knowledge.)
CHILDREN, CARE OF
Elkhart (Ind.) Public Library. Books at the ...
library on tbe care and training of children in
health and disease. 4 p.
Mangold, George Benjamin. Problems of child
welfare. Macmillan. 18 p. $2 n. (School science
text-books.)
CHRISTIAN SCIENCE
Christian science, Spiritualism, New thought,
Theosophy and occultism. (In New Orleans P. L.
Quar. Bull., Ap.-Je., 1914. p. 44-47.)
CITIES, EUROPEAN
Capitals of Europe. (In New Orleans P. L.
Quar. Bull., Ap.-Je., 1914. p. 47-52.)
CIVIL WAR
A catalogue of books relating to the American
Civil War. Cleveland, O.: The Arthur H. Clark
Co. 121 p. (No. 48.)
ENGINES
Barton, John Kennedy. Naval reciprocating en-
gines and auxiliary machinery; text-book for the
instruction of midshipmen at the U. S'. Naval
Academy. Annapolis, Md.: U. S. Naval Inst., 1913.
7 p. bibl. $4.90.
EUROPEAN WAR
The great war; b^ks to be read now; brief list
of important military and other books, interesting
alike to the soldier and civilian at the present crisis.
London: Francis Edwards. 16 p. (212 items.)
Lynn (Mass.) Public Library. Special list: Euro-
pean war, 1914. [Oct. i.] (In Bull, of the Lynn
P. L., Jl.-Ag., 1914. p. 7-9.)
FAR WEST
Some books and pamphlets relating to the Far
West. New York: Daniel H. Newhall. 36 p.
(No. 83. 3032-4152 items.)
FREMONT, JOHN CHARLES
Dellenbaufh, Frederick Samuel. Fremont and
'49; the story of a remarkable career and its rela-
tion to the exploration and development of our
western territory, especially of California. Putnam.
20 p. bibl. $4.50 n.
FRENCH REVOLUTION
Library of the late William H. Haldane . . . with
additions . . . including a collection of rare works
relating to the French Revolution. New York: An-
derson Auction Co. 36 p. (No. 1096. 559 items.)
GENEALOGY
Family histories, American and British. Asbury
Park, N. J.: Martin & Allardyce. 12 p.
Gray's family history catalogue . . . English,
Scotch and Irish; some American; and a few
foreign ones. London: Henry Gray. 50 p. (Family
history catalogue, no. 19.)
GREEK AND LATIN AUTHORS
Catalogue of Greek and Latin classical authors.
Oxford, Eng. : B. H. Blackwell. 58 p. (No. CLIX.)
HUGO, VICTOR
Drouet, Juliette. The love letters of Juliette
Drouet to Victor Hugo; edited by Louis Gimbaud;
translated by Lady Theodora Davidson. McBride,
•Nast. 3 p. bibl. $2.50 n.
IMMIGRATION
Joseph, Samuel. Jewish immigration to the United
States from 1881 to 1910. Longmans. 3 p. bibl.
91.50. (Studies in history, economics and public
law; edited by the Faculty of Political Science of
Columbia University.)
INDIAN, AMERICAN
Moffett, Thomas Clinton. The American Indian
on the new trail; the red man of the United States
and the Christian gospel. New York: Missionary
Educ. Movement of the U. S. and Canada. 3 n
bibl. 60 c.
LAW
Law book list no. 81. Salt Lake City, Utah: Shep-
ard Book Co. 18 p. mimeographed.
LAW, CHINESE
Lobingier, Judge Charles S. Bibliographical in-
troduction to the studv of Chinese law. (In Green
Bag, S., 1914- p. 399-408.)
LITERATURE, ENGLISH
Kingsford, Charles Lethbridge. English historical
literature in the fifteenth century; with an appendix
of chronicles and historical pieces hitherto for the
most part unprinteu. Oxford Univ. Press, 1913
9 p. bibl. $5 n.
LITERATURE, GERMAN
Collitz, Frau Klara Hechtenberg, ed. Selections
from classical German literature; from the Refor-
mation to the beginning of the nineteenth century.
Oxford Univ. 25 p. bibl. $1.50 n. (Oxford Ger-
man series by American authors.)
LITERATURE, JUVENILE
Lowe, Orton. Literature for children. Macmil-
lan. 59 p. bibl. 90 c. n.
MEDICINE
Crile, George W. Anemia and resuscitation; an
experimental and clinical research. Appleton. 5 p.
bibl. $5 n.
Kaplan, David Michael. Serology of nervous and
mental diseases. Philadelphia: Saunders. 70 p. bibl.
$3-50 n.
Sabin, Florence Rena. The origin and develop-
ment of the lympathatic system. Baltimore: Johns
Hopkins Univ., 1913. 10 p. bibl. $2. (Hospital
reports, monographs. New series.)
Music
Fox-Strangways, A. H. The music of Hindostan.
Oxford Univ. 7 p. bibl. $6.75 n.
Sonneck, Oscar George Theodore. "The star-
spangled banner"; rev. and enl. from the "Report"
on the above and other airs, issued in 1909. Gov.
Pr, Off. bibl. p. 105-109. (Library of Congress.)
NEWSPAPERS
Gesamt - Zeitschrif ten - Verzeichnis ; herausgegeben
vom Auskunfts-bureau der deutschen Bibliotheken.
Berlin: Konigliche Bibliothek. 355 p.
Haskell, Daniel C., comp. A check-list of news-
papers and official gazettes in the New York Public
Library. Parts ii-in. (In Bull, of the N. Y. P. L.,
Ag., S., 1914- p. 793-826; p. 905-938.)
OCCULTISM
Frings, J. W. The occult art; an examination of
the claims made for the existence and practice of
supernormal powers, and an attempted justification
of some of them by the conclusions of the re-
searches of modern science. 2. ed. McKay. 3 p.
bibl. $i n.
OREGON — HISTORY
Woodward, Walter Carleton. The rise and early
history of political parties in Oregon, 1843-1868.
Portland, Ore.: J. K. Gill Co., 1913. 3 P. bibl.
$2 n.
ORIENT
Luzac's oriental list and book review. Mr.-Ap.,
1914. London: Luzac & Co. 108 p. 6d. (Vol.
xxv, nos. 3-4.)
PENOLOGY
Penal farms and farm colonies. (In Bull, of Ru~
sell Sage Found. L., Ag., 1914. 3 p.)
PERU AND PANAMA
Peru and the Panama canal. (In Cardiff Libs.
Rev., Ja.-Je., 1914. p. 94-95-)
November, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
879
PHARMACY
Pharmaceutical, The, syllabus. 2d ed. ; outlining
a minimum course of instruction of twelve hundred
hours; revised and published by the National Com-
mittee representing the American Pharmaceutical
Association, the American Conference of Pharma-
ceutical Faculties, the National Association of Boards
of Pharmacy. [Albany, N. Y.: C. F. Williams fr
Son, 1913-] 33 P- kiui- $1.25.
PHILIPPINES
Le Roy, James Alfred. The Americans in the
Philippines; a history of the conquest and first years
of occupation; with an introductory account of the
Spanish rule; with an introduction by William How-
ard Taft. 2 v. Houghton Mifflin. 5 p. bibl. $10 n.
PHYSICS
Subject list of works on general physics (includ-
ing measuring, calculating and mathematical instru-
ments, and meteorology) in the Library of the Patent
Office. London: Patent Office. 192 p. 6d. (Pat.
Off. Lib.: subject lists. New series. FS-GF.)
PLANT DISEASES
Cook, Melville Thurston. The diseases of tropical
plants. Macmiilan, 1913. up. bibl. $2.75 n.
POETRY
Fairchild, Arthur Henry Rolph. The teaching of
poetry in the high school. Columbia, Mo.: Univ.
of Mo. 6 p. bibl. (Bull.)
Weston, Jessie Laidlay, ed. The chief Middle
English poets; selected poems, newly rendered and
edited, with notes and bibliographical references.
Houghton Mifflin. 6 p. bibl. $2 n. (The chief
poets series.)
POLITICS
Howard, George Elliott. Present political ques-
tions; an analytical reference syllabus. Lincoln,
Neb.: Univ. of Neb. 64 p. bibl. 75 c.
PROHIBITION
State-wide prohibition; select list of references
to material in the California State Library. (In
News Notes of Cal. Libs., Ap., 1914. p. 223-226.)
PSYCHOLOGY
Stern, L. William. The psychological methods of
testing intelligence; translated from the German by
Guy Montrose Whipple. Baltimore: Warwick &
York. 8 p. bibl. $1.25. (Educational psychology
monographs.)
RAILROAD ACCOUNTING
Bureau of Railway Economics. List of references
on railroad accounting. Washington, D. C. 14 type-
written p.
RAILROADS
Bureau of Railway Economics. Railroads m war.
Washington, D. C. 8 typewritten p.
RAILWAY DINING CARS
Bureau of Railway Economics. List of references
on railway dining cars. Washington, D. C. 5
typewritten p.
RECREATION
Hanmer, Lee Franklin, and Knight, Howard R.
Sources of information on recreation. New York:
Russell Sage Foundacion. 3 p. bibl. 10 c. (Dept.
of Recreation pamphlet.)
RELIGION
Hartland, Edwin Sidney. Ritual and belief;
studies in the history of religion. Scribner. 17 p.
bibl. $3 n.
RELIGIONS, GREEK
Swindler, Mary Hamilton. Cretan elements in
the cults and ritual of Apollo. Bryn Mawr, Pa.:
Bryn Mawr College. 8 p. bibl. 50 c. (Mono-
graph series.)
RIVERS
Rivers of the world. (In New Orleans P. L.
Quar. Bull., Ap.-Je., 1914. P- 53-)
RUGS, ORIENTAL
Lewis, George Griffin, M.D. The practical book
of oriental rugs; with 20 illustrations in color, 93
in doubletone, 70 designs in line, chart, and map.
New ed., rev. and enl. Lippincott, 1913- 4 P- bibl.
$5 n.
SOCIETY PUBLICATIONS
Catalogue of numerous publications of learned
societies and sets of important periodicals. London:
Henry Sotheran & Co. 40 p. (No. 749. 412
items.)
SCOTLAND
Black, George F., comp. List of works in the
New York Public Library relating to Scotland. Parts
vn-viii. (In Bull, of the N. Y. P. L., Ag., S., 1914-
p. 827-890; p. 939-1031.)
SEA STORIES
Stories of the sea. (In [New York Public Library]
Branch Library News, Ag., 1914. p. 111-114.)
SOILS
Riverside (Cal.) Public Library. Soils of interest
to California citrus growers. 15 p. 10 c. (Bull,
in. Jl., 191
SOUND AND LIGHT
Subject list of works on sound and light (in-
cluding music, musical instruments, and general
optical instruments) in the Library of the Patent
Office. London: Patent Office. 133 p. 6d. (Pat.
Off Lib.: subject lists. New series. GG-GP.)
SOUTHERN STATES — FLORA
Berry, Edward Wilber. The upper cretaceous
and eocene uoras of South Carolina and Georgia.
Gov. Pr. Off. 3 p. bibl. (U. S. Geol. Survey.
Professional paper 84.)
SPANISH ART
Worcester Free Public Library. Spanish art;
selected list. 12 p.
SPORT
Van Stockum, C. M. Attempts at a bibliography of
books and periodicals published during 1890-1912
in Great Britain, the United States of America,
Franch, Germany, Austria, Holland, Belgium and
Switzerland. Dodd & Livingston. 289 p. $3 n.
STARFISH
Verrill, Addison Emery. Monograph of the shal-
low-water starfishes of the North Pacific coast from
the Arctic Ocean to California. 2 v. Washington,
D. C. : Smithsonian Institution. 15 p. bibl. $3 ea.
(Harriman Alaska series.)
STORY-TELLING
[Story lists and programs of story hours used in
the St. Louis Public Library.] (In Bull, of the St.
Louis P. L., Ag., 1914. p. 192-232.)
TEMPERANCE
Crooker, Joseph Henry, D.D. Shall I drink?
Boston: Pilgrim Press. 6l/2 p. bibl. $i n.
THEATER
Books, autographs, portraits, views, and playbills,
the collection of the late George P. Elder, of Brook-
S' n, N. Y., illustrating the history of New York
.ty and the dramatic stage. New York: Anderson
Auction Co. 69 p. (No. 1098. 587 items.)
THEOLOGY
List of theological periodicals currently received
in the libraries of New York City. New York:
Columbia University. 15 p.
A war-time catalogue of theological and other
literature. . . . London.1 Charles Higham & Son.
40 p. (No. 533. 1552 items.)
THWAITES, REUBEN GOLD
Turner, Frederick Jackson. Reuben Gold
Thwaites; a memorial address. Madison, Wis. :
Wis. State Hist. Soc. 32 p. bibl. 75 c.
TURKEY, FOREIGNERS IN
Brown, Philip Marshall. Foreigners in Turkey;
their judicial status. Princeton, N. J. : Princeton
Univ. Press. " p. bibl. $1.25 n.
WHALES
University of the State of New York. — Division
of Visual Instruction. Whales and whale fishery.
2 p. bibl. (List 26. Slides and photographs.)
WOMAN
Gallichan, Catherine Gasquoine Hartley. The
truth about woman. 3. ed. Dodd, Mead. 9 p. bibl.
$2.50 n.
;8o
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[November, 1914
ffiumors ant) Blunders
LOVE IN THE LIBRARY
OR,
COURTSHIP A LA CUTTER
LATE in the afternoon, as the sun was sink-
ing behind the 111. hills, C: J :son, the hand-
some chief of the circulation division, walked
with a firm step into the cataloging room.
Would she be there? Yes, there she was, the
beautiful A. W :son, leaning negligently on
the shelf-list. He hastened to her side.
"A..," said he, "you are a perfect dk."
"Hush, C :," she warned, "Mrs. B :, the assist,
classifier, will hear you. Make believe to be
reading this."
And she picked up a copy of "JR.. of Sunny-
brook Farm."
"I prefer something more serious," said he;
"have you ever read 'Progress and Poverty,'
by H: G:?"
"No," replied A.., "and my brother S: says
it's too hard for girls to understand."
"Your 'brother S:," replied C:, with great
scorn, "is a cf."
"Oh,C:!"
"Well, at any rate, a hf. cf."
"That is most unfair. My mother says he
resembles his grandfather, and he was the bp.
of O."
"I don't care if he was G: Wash, or R: of
the Lion Heart."
"And that his mind is like that of W : Ja."
"!" exclaimed C:
"Now I must go," replied A.. "I am on the
bd. of directors of the lib. of St. M:'s parish
house and — "
"Oh, these bds.," cried C:, "look here, A.. I
don't think you're giving me a sq. deal. I
believe I have some anon, rival."
"Don't be ridiculous. Come here, C:."
And drawing him for an instant behind a
book-case, she priv. pr. a kiss upon his lips
and fled like a bird. — THE LIBRARIAN, in the
Boston Transcript.
THE YOUNG IDEA
[The first school composition of Elizabeth Gay, aged
9, of Norwood, Mass.]
WHAT I'M GOING TO BE
When I grow up I will be a librarian. In
my spare time I will read some of the books.
When I have read them I can tell people
what books are good. I will pick out inter-
esting Fairy-Tales for the children. When
I get tired of being a librarian I will be a
mother. I hope I will have twin babies. If
I do their names will be Elizabeth and Ed-
ward. Probably their eyes will be blue.
ELIZABETH GAY.
VOTES FOR WOMEN!
Many interesting sidelights on those who
come to the library are evident to the librarian.
Recently a man came into the Louisville Public
Library and asked for some of the arguments
against woman's suffrage. The proper articles
were sought out, and the librarian suggested
that he might care to look at those in favor of
woman's suffrage as well. "No matter," he re-
plied wearily, "I get those from my wife."
EXACTLY!
"The librarian who finds most pleasure in
his life strives for exactness, but he will not
always be able to deal with reference questions
put to him.
"I will give you one that has cropped up in
our own library. The question is : Please give
the reference to Emerson's Essay in which
he says, 'If a man write a better book or
preach a better sermon than his neighbor, the
world will bring rat-traps to his door, though
he live in a forest.' You will find it on the
back of Elbert Hubbard's Philistine for Au-
gust, 1912. If any of you can find it in Emer-
son or elsewhere and give me the answer to it,
you will relieve the assistants in my reference
room from a great deal of worry." — From the
Proceedings of the American Library Insti-
tute, Kaaterskill meeting, page 27.
NO LIBRARY FOR LIZZIE
"I don't know what to give Lizzie for a
Christmas present," one chorus girl is re-
ported to have said to her mate while dis-
cussing the gift to be made to a third.
"Give her a book," suggested the other. And
the first one replied meditatively: "No, she's
got a book." — Literary Digest.
Pursuant to the provisions of the Act of Congress of
August 24th, 1912
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
Editor
R. R. BOWKER
241 W. 37th St., New York City
Managing Editor . . FREMONT RIDER
241 W. 37th St., New York City
Business Manager . . JOHN A. HOLDEN
241 W. 37th St., New York City
The publisher and owner of THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
is the R. R. BOWKER COMPANY, a corporation, at 241
W. 37th St., New York City, with these stockholders:
R. R. BOWKER, 241 W. 37th St.
A. H. LEYPOLDT, 241 W. 37th St.
JOHN A. HOLDEN, 241 W. 37th St.
W. A. STEWART, 241 W. 37th St.
FREMONT RIDER, 241 W. 37th St.
There are no bondholders, mortgagees or other
security holders.
Statement to the above effect -ubscribed and sworn
to Sept. 20, 1914, before E. D. LOSEE, Notary Public,
by JOHN A. HOLDEN, Business Manager.
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
ftl
VOL. 39
DECEMBER, 1914
No. 12
THE date of the 1915 A. L. A. conference
has been fixed for June 3-9 inclusive, and
the University buildings at Berkeley, oppo-
site San Francisco, will be the place of
meeting. The date is intended to make it
possible for college librarians to be present,
with time to reach the home base before
Commencement Day, and the place gives
opportunity for visit from day to day to
the Panama-Pacific Exposition, within easy
reach without the discomfort of housing in
the crowded city. The Association will owe
much to the University of California for
this proffered hospitality. The time also
makes it possible for those from the East
to return by the northern routes and enjoy
the wonderful mountain scenery of the
Canadian or our own northern Rockies, and
the great national parks which will be at
their best in the month of June. The travel
plans will be announced later, and they will
be so arranged as to give to those who
visited southern California in 1911 full
opportunity to journey in northern Cali-
fornia, and though it has proved imprac-
ticable to attempt to include the Panama
Canal in the official plans, this route offers a
pleasant alternative for personal journey-
ing. The mid-winter meeting at Chicago
becomes more comprehensive each year.
This year it is coincident with the annual
meeting of the American Historical Asso-
ciation, so that librarians will have a
double opportunijy. Besides the Council
meeting and that of the Publishing Board,
both A. L. A. meetings proper, there will be
the conferences of the League of Library
Commissions, the college librarians of the
Middle West, and the normal and high
school libraries. Let us rejoice that in this
country of peace, these peaceful conferences
are still possible, as nowhere else.
IT is gratifying to reassure the library
profession, as we have double authority to
do, first from the report of Miss Hasse who
has safely returned from Leipzig, and
secondly from recent correspondence from
that city, that the Exposition of the Book
and Graphic Arts was kept open through
the period planned, and that the English,
French, and Russian buildings were intact
and their contents safe. The treasures in
these three buildings were removed for safe
keeping, when the buildings were closed, to
the Museum at Leipzig, and the buildings
placarded with notices that they were under
the protection of the German Government
and must not be harmed. During Septem-
ber, a fair though decreased attendance
was maintained, reaching twenty to thirty
thousand on Sundays and holidays. The
American Library Exhibit has been put in
safe hands, but it is not expected that it
will be shipped back until spring, so that
unfortunately it will not be available, as
originally planned, for display at the
Panama Pacific Exposition when it opens
February 20. As the circular of the com-
mittee indicates, new exhibits will have to
be obtained.
We are requested to add on behalf of
German agents that it is both unnecessary
and inexpedient to transfer orders for Ger-
man periodicals and books to agents in
other countries who are seeking that
business. We are informed that no German
periodical of importance has been discon-
tinued, though some have been decreased in
size, and that all are regularly mailed to
subscribers throughout the world. We
regret to say that they do not reach their
destination regularly, and that American
libraries are much concerned lest important
sets should be broken; but this is owing to
delays and difficulties incident to transporta-
tion in war time, which cannot be remedied
by any change of method in ordering. This
is of course true as to importations from
882
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[December, 1914
all the belligerent countries on the Con-
tinent. The LIBRARY JOURNAL is taking
special pains to safeguard foreign libraries
which preserve sets of the JOURNAL, and
it is to be hoped that foreign periodicals
will take like precautions.
ONE of the best kinds of what is essen-
tially co-operative work is illustrated in the
new catalog of books on architecture issued
by the Boston Public Library, largely
through the instrumentality of Mr. J. Ran-
dolph Coolidge. This supplants the early
catalog of twenty years ago, and inci-
dentally shows the remarkable growth of
books on this subject, especially in ancillary
details, such as mural painting and wall
decoration otherwise, and the development
of architecture and the subordinate re-
lated arts. Furnished to libraries practi-
cally at cost of manufacture, this valuable
piece of work makes duplication by other
libraries of like work quite unnecessary. It
is so well done that it is done once for all,
until there comes time and occasion for a
revised reissue. Every library should be
prepared to take advantage of this effort at
co-operation by spending its dollar for a
copy of this catalog, for few communities
are so small as to be without an architect
or at least a carpenter who will want to
know through what books he can obtain the
best information on a specific problem be-
fore him. With the general system of li-
brary exchange to supplement such a cata-
log any reader can thus be posted to know
what book he wants and put in position to
obtain the book through library loan if it
is not to be found in the local library. How
admirable an example is this of the final
outcome of our American library system !
ANOTHER kind of co-operative work has
rather fallen behindhand than made prog-
ress in recent years. We refer to the prepa-
ration of special bibliographies for circula-
tion amongst library readers, as, to take a
present example, a purchase list of good
books to buy for children at Christmas time.
The New York Public Library issued such
a list two years ago and last year published
a supplement, but this year it has not found
sufficient new material of value to issue a
second supplement. A list of this sort is-
sued by such a library should be a general
standard and serve the purpose of any
library desiring to put such a list at the
service of its readers. The New York Pub-
lic Library has not been unwilling to fur-
nish editions to other libraries, but there is
still a tendency on the part of smaller
libraries to print lists of this sort, each for
itself, notwithstanding the cost of individ-
ual enterprise. We are always prepared to
make announcements through the LIBRARY
JOURNAL of catalogs of this sort in prepa-
ration or published, of which other libraries
may obtain editions. Every hour or every
penny saved in this wise adds in other di-
rections to the efficiency of a small library,
and if the smaller libraries will take advan-
tage of the work of the larger in this field
the total saving will be great indeed.
THE card catalog has made its entry into
the courts in a French case recently before
the Tribunal of the Seine, involving the
question of copyright. It was held in the
case of cards on "The science of cosmetic?"
exhibited at Brussels, that as the cards were
simply records of individual titles arranged
alphabetically, there was no originality in
the cards or in their arrangement to justify
copyright protection. The decision implied
that had the cards an original character,
as for instance an annotation or other in-
dividual features, they might have been
protected. This would mean that in a
country where no formalities are required
catalog cards involving original labor could
not be copied without authority. In the
United States the question would take an-
other shape, as the copyright law requires
the formality of entry and of notice printed
on the copyright work, and the fee in most
cases would be prohibitive unless it were
decided that a series of cards could be pro-
tected under one copyright entry.
THE LIBRARY AND HISTORY STUDY
BY W. DAWSON JOHNSTON, Librarian, St. Paul Public Library
A REPORT of the Committee of Review
of the College Entrance Examination
Board, lately made public, says that exam-
inations in history set by the board showed
the largest percentage of failures of any set
by that body, and that a reconsideration of
the history requirements must soon be un-
dertaken if a higher percentage of pass
marks is not forthcoming. Professor Mac-
Donald of Brown University in a paper in
Education for June entitled "College en-
trance requirements in history," agrees
with those making the report and feels that
perhaps too much emphasis has been laid
on collateral reading. Professor Sioussat
in the History Teacher's Magazine for Sep-
tember takes issue with him. He does not
think that too much emphasis has been
laid on collateral reading, but fails to offer
any other satisfactory explanation of exist-
ing conditions. In fact, both Professor
MacDonald and he seem to incline to the
view that it is the lack of equipment of the
teachers which is chiefly if not solely re«
sponsible for the failure of historical teach-
ing. In a sense this is true, but it is, I am
certain, equally true that the equipment of
the history teachers is not inferior to that
of other teachers, and that the failure of
the students to pass these examinations
shows the inadequacy of the examinations
as much as it does the inadequacy of teach-
ing. In other words, the standards of the
College Entrance Examination Board are
no longer the standards of the majority of
history teachers. At the same time one who
is much interested in the advancement of
historical teaching cannot but admit that
we are far from having a clear idea of the
aims or methods of historical teaching,
and in particular, very far indeed from
having a clear idea of what collateral read-
ing should be required and how library re-
sources may be organized in order to get
it done most effectively. Yet collateral
reading and library research constitute the
main difference between the old and the
new methods of historical teaching.
* Read at the meeting of the Minnesota Educa-
tional Association, St. Paul, Oct. 23, 1914.
RECOMMENDATIONS OF COMMITTEE OF SEVEN
After the publication of the report of the
Committee of Seven of the American His-
torical Association on the study of history
in schools in 1898, the textbook method of
instruction in history was definitely aban-
doned and the laboratory method adopted.
Boys and girls, it was said, do not remem-
ber one-tenth of one per cent, of all the
facts they are asked to learn in history
courses, and the most radical were bold
enough to say that the facts would be of no
use to them even if they could remember
them. There seemed to be general agree-
ment among the leaders of opinion that
history could keep its place in the cur-
riculum only as a disciplinary study, and
that in teaching emphasis should be laid
upon historical method rather than upon
historical fact.
At the same time, however, little organ-
ized effort was made to adapt methods of
teaching to the new ideal, and little effort
made to equip historical laboratories. The
Committee of Seven said that the library
should be the center and soul of all study in
history and literature, and that no vital
work could be carried on without books to
which pupils might have ready and constant
access. "History more than any other sub-
ject in the secondary curriculum," they
declared, "demands for effective work a
library and the ability to use it."
The committee observed that few schools
require as many as 300 pages of collateral
reading a year, and that three-fourths of
them had no specified requirements what-
ever, but it made no effort to indicate
what the minimum of collateral reading
should be.
The committee described library condi-
tions as equally unsatisfactory. Practically
every school, it said, recognizes that a
library is necessary and has a few books
more or less wisely chosen and more or less
antiquated, but it is still easier to get five
thousand dollars for physical and chemical
laboratories than five hundred dollars for
reference books. As a consequence few
schools have good collections of even the
884
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[December, 1914
standard secondary writers, and even
schools with considerable libraries seem un-
able to add the new books of importance.
Yet in full view of these facts the com-
mittee merely recommends the establishment
of a library in each school and the display
of its book collections on open shelves.
In the third place it recognized the value
of instruction in historical method in gen-
eral and in bibliographical method in par-
ticular and gave expression to their feeling
in a few benevolent platitudes to the effect
that teachers should develop the power of
using books gradually but systematically. In
the earlier years teachers should read to
the rls«s passages from entertaining his-
tories. In later years pupils should do their
own reading and to some extent find their
own reading. "Let the pupil learn how to
understand and use pages," they said, "be-
fore he uses books; and let him learn how
to use one or two books before he is set to
rummaging in a library." In other words,
they observed, teach pupils how to use in-
telligently tables of contents and indexes,
and also how to turn to account library
catalogs and indexes to general and period-
ical literature. But beyond making these
rather sophomoric recommendations they
did nothing either to systematize biblio-
graphical instruction or indicate what
should be the minimum of requirements in
this direction. Pupils were still left to rum-
mage in the library.
Later the Committee of Five on the
study of history in secondary schools ap-
pointed in 1907 included in its investiga-
tion an inquiry upon school equipment for
teaching history. But its report published
in 1911 contained no definite information
with regard to conditions, and no comment
upon conditions beyond the vague state-
ment that the equipment for the teaching
of history in most schools was quite in-
adequate.
Again, the Committee of Eight on the
study of history in elementary schools in
their inquiry asked to what extent supple-
mentary material was introduced, but only
reported that it appeared to be difficult to
secure sufficient appropriations for the pur-
chase of this material, adding the somewhat
academic observation that the public library
under the control of the school board does
at times render effective co-operative ser-
vice.
Indeed, it was left for a committee of the
Council of Teachers of English to outline
the problem created by the new conditions of
history teaching and throw some light upon
a possible method of solving the problem.
This committee found that the equipment
cost per pupil in history as well as in Eng-
lish was very much less than for any other
subject which requires extensive equipment.
To be exact, it found that the history equip-
ment cost per pupil in 60 schools reporting
was $2.39 and that the average annual in-
crease per pupil was 22 cents. These facts,
it seems to me, indicate more clearly than
any report made by historians that the sub-
ject of historical equipment should receive
more serious consideration.
Side by side with these facts may be
placed thos,e given in the report of the
U. S. Commissioner of Education for 1910
regarding the number of students of his-
tory in secondary schools in this country.
In that report, he said that in 8,097 schools
there were 406,784 students of history, in
other words 55 per cent, of all pupils in
secondary schools. That means that in St.
Paul, for example, there are in the public
high schools alone about 1,670 students of
history. The effective direction of the
reading of this great body of students con-
stitutes a problem which is of interest not
only to the teacher but also to the librarian.
It is not possible on this occasion to do
more than outline the problem as it presents
itself to a librarian, but even an outline may
be useful as far as it goes. In the first
place, I may say, the librarian as such is
not interested in the aims and methods of
historical teaching, except in as far as
these make it necessary for him to provide
the material required by teacher and pupil,
and provide what is wanted, when it is
wanted, and where it is wanted.
It may be desirable to determine the
minimum amount of reading which should
be required in general, but whether it is or
not, it is desirable that in each school the
amount of time which can and should be
given to reading in each subject should be
determined, the required and recommended
reading listed, and both pupil and librarian
advised not only as to what is to be re-
December, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
885
quired and what recommended, but also as
to when the required reading is to be done,
and how many are expected to do it.
LIBRARY ORGANIZATION
In determining what books should be pro-
vided at any point, the number of copies of
each which should be provided, and the
number of seats for readers, it is- neces-
sary to know not only what number of
pupils are expected to use the books, and
how much time is allowed for the reading,
but also where the reading can be done most
effectively and most easily. In other words,
it is necessary to decide which books should
be placed in the class room either per-
manently or temporarily, which in the
school library either on reserved shelves or
on open shelves, and which may be left to
the public library to supply from its own
shelves either for reference use or for home
reading.
And here again we must be influenced in
a large measure by the grade of pupil. The
younger pupil must do most of his work in
the class and in the class room, but the more
mature student will do the better part of his
work in the school library and in the public
library, and should receive as much if not
more credit for work of this kind than for
attendance at recitations.
We must be influenced also by considera-
tions of economy. The classroom library
cannot be made a substitute for the school
library and should not be, nor can the
school library be made a substitute for the
public library. For this reason a measure
of centralization of library administra-
tion is desirable. Without it the teacher
with the loudest voice is likely to have the
advantage in th? distribution of funds for
equipment, books are likely to remain in
a school or classroom after the use for them
has passed, and the greatest needs of the
school in respect to library equipment are
apt to be slighted.
DUPLICATION OF BOOKS
At the same time it is essential that the
books in common use be duplicated in large
numbers, especially in the elementary
courses and in required reading. In the
field of general history much has been done
to improve conditions and incidentally re-
lieve the pressure upon libraries by the
publication of collections of illustrative
material from original and other sources.
In the field of local history, too, something
has been done. The Rhode Island Depart-
ment of Education, for example, published
among its "Rhode Island educational cir-
culars" an historical series relating to local
history and intended primarily for use in
schools. The Minneapolis Public Library
publishes a series of mineographed sheets
relating to Minneapolis and vicinity for the
same purpose. Much more may be done by
commercial publishers, by school depart-
ments, by historical societies, by libraries,
and by local newspapers to facilitate the
documentation of elementary historical re-
search.
USE OF SYLLABI
If duplication of copies of books or of
extracts from books, is the one thing useful
in the successful organization of required
reading, a syllabus is the thing most needed
in the direction of recommended reading.
At present it is customary at the expense
of the time of teacher or pupil to write this
outline on the blackboard and ask pupils to
copy it, or to dictate it to the class. In
either case the bibliographical references
are ordinarily incomplete or inaccurate, or
if they are not they are rendered incomplete
and inaccurate by the copyist. The result
is not bibliographical guidance but a series
of bibliographical puzzles. The only remedy
for this condition of affairs is the prepara-
tion of syllabi. These must be compiled
by the teacher but in their compilation the
teacher should receive the assistance of the
librarian, and if the school cannot print or
mimeograph them the library must.
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL INSTRUCTION
By means of required reading and by
means of a course of recommended reading
it is possible to conduct a student far on
the road to historical learning, but it is not
possible to give him even an elementary
knowledge of historical science and method,
it is not possible to make him an indepen-
dent student or give him the freedom of the
library without systematic bibliographical
instruction. Whether this instruction be
given by the teacher of history or by the
886
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[December, 1914
librarian or by both is immaterial, provided
the instruction be good. For my own part
I feel that general bibliographical instruc-
tion should be given by the librarian and
special instruction by the specialist, that the
teacher of the more advanced courses in his-
tory should require a certain degree of
bibliographical skill, should assign exercises
intended to develop such skill, and include
in examination papers questions which will
determine what progress has been made.
Bibliographies and answers to bibliograph-
ical questions may very well be turned
over to the librarian for examination and
grading.
SURVEY OF EXISTING CONDITIONS
I do not know whether the survey com-
mittee has included in its plans provision
for an inquiry into the requirements re-
garding collateral reading, the extent of
library collections, their organization and
administration, the amount and character of
bibliographical instruction. If it has not, I
hope that it will do so. Information with
regard to present conditions is the first step
toward improving them. We need to know
not only how large our library collections
are in general but also what proportion of
the collections relate to history, and how
many volumes are added annually. We need
to know whether the pupils in our history
classes are registered borrowers from the
library, and how much time they spend in
library work. We need to know how much
the books recommended for reading are
actually read. A state survey along these
lines may, I believe, accomplish almost as
much as a national survey toward defining
this problem and toward indicating how it
may be solved. The time is past when
teachers should depend upon pupils for in-
formation as to the sources of the library
arid its administration; teachers of every
subject and especially teachers of history
should have first hand information upon
this subject, and not only with regard to
local conditions but with regard to condi-
tions in other communities which are
superior to those at home.
SPONSORS FOR KNOWLEDGE. II
OUTLINE FOR A NATION-WIDE INFORMATION SYSTEM
BY G. W. LEE, Librarian, Stone & Webster, Boston
THE first article entitled "Sponsors for
knowledge"* suggested the need for a gen-
eral information system and had the follow-
ing recapitulation:
"People ask multifarious questions, for
which they get irresponsible answers.
"Signs of the times indicate a widespread
restlessness to systematize answering ques-
tions through reliable sources.
"A desire for organized method has re-
cently been expressed by several librarians
at their annual meeting.
"Librarians, as natural reference work-
ers, are particularly fitted to initiate such a
method."
Upwards of twenty-five responses to the
appeal thus made encourage the belief that
there is a general readiness to have such a
D *£.ePrj,nted from Pages 48-54 of the Stone & Webster
Public Service Journal for July, 1914; a few copies
still available for distribution gratis. Abstract in
LIBRARY JOURNAL for October, 1914, page 792.
system created. The responses have come
chiefly from prominent librarians in Ame-
rica and England. While almost none go
so far as to say, "I will be one of the pro-
moters," yet, between the lines, it is easy
to read that many would gladly join in, if
once the organization were launched as a
serious undertaking. A few quotations,
selected from comments of those who would
have the American Library Association, the
Library of Congress, or "Washington," the
prime mover or the headquarters, may be
of interest:
"There is no doubt but that a bureau such
as you outlined would be of great value to
those who use the public libraries of this
country. It is a great misfortune that the
A. L. A. is so organized as not to have any
sufficient income for such purposes."
"In the event, of course, that it would not
be feasible to locate such bureau at the
December, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
887
national headquarters of the A. L. A., the
location elsewhere would be better than not
to have any at all."
"I will join with you in the effort to have
a research headquarters located wherever
you choose, provided you will combine with
it an effort to put the A. L. A. headquarters
in the same place and consolidate the staffs
and the work."
"I understand the Carnegie Institution
and the Smithsonian Institution are doing to
a limited extent something of this sort,
although I do not know that they have gone
about it systematically. It seems to me,
however, that the whole thing ought to be
a national undertaking, and handled by a
national institution, such as the Library of
Congress, for example."
"I must thank you for your paper on
'Sponsors for knowledge/ and especially for
your picture of the Library of Congress as
the national library."
"I think that we do need headquarters
for research work, and perhaps Washing-
ton does offer opportunities that no other
city does, especially along government and
federal lines."
Assuming from the above that an infor-
mation system founded upon special libra-
ries and special departments of general
libraries is needed, how shall it be brought
to pass? Suppose a request were to go
forth from the American Library Associa-
tion headquarters urging all A. L. A. mem-
bers, and all others who will, to send (on
forms furnished for reply if desired) a
record of their strength on subjects in
which they consider themselves relatively
strong, and upon which they would be will-
ing to be looked to as sources of informa-
tion; would there not result within a few
weeks a most valuable new asset for the
Association, as well as the beginning of an
information system whose evolutionary
course could hardly be stopped?
While the A. L. A. or the L. C. could
most logically embark in such an undertak-
ing, doubtless the work could be effectively
done by any one of several other accredited
bodies, such as the Special Libraries Asso-
ciation, "The Index Office" (Chicago), the
Chamber of Commerce of the United States,
the American Tel. & Tel. Company, Sears,
Roebuck & Company, or, in default of these,
the Boston Co-operative Information Bu-
reau, with perhaps a change in its title.
What sort of specialties would thus be
recorded? is a pertinent question. It is
easy to suggest an answer by referring to
the American Library Annual. In its 1913-
14 edition there is a goodly list of special
libraries and of private book collectors
(which, by the way, with their courteous
permission, might at once be recorded as
the nucleus of the magna catalog). Refer-
ring to the tabulation of Special Libraries,
pp. 196-197, we may note the following as
typical of what ought to be found in the
records: American Bankers' Association,
sponsor for all knowledge of banks and
banking; American Tel. & Tel. Co., for all
knowledge of accounting and of course
for everything pertaining to telephone and
telegraph; Wisconsin Tax Commission,
likewise, for taxation; Investors' Agency
(New York), corporation statistics; Phila-
delphia Commercial Museum, statistics of
foreign countries; Insurance Library Asso-
ciation of Boston, fire insurance; New York
Public Service Commission, First District,
public service regulation; Bureau of Rail-
way Economics (Washington), railway
economics; Steel Works Club (Joliet),
steel working; Studebaker Company (South
Bend), vehicles; United States Department
of Agriculture, Forest Service, forestry;
American Brass Company (Waterbury),
metal working; B. F. Goodrich Company
(Akron), rubber; Social Service Library
(Boston), social service; Women's Educa-
tional and Industrial Union (Boston),
women's work; etc., etc. And from the 35-
page list of Private Book Collectors, of
which over two hundred are recorded under
New York City alone, we have the sugges-
tion of a vast wealth of special repositories
of knowledge, whose keepers should need
but a polite invitation to render most of it
available through a responsible channel.
To be sure, these collections are not all
on different subjects, nor all on subjects
that would often be called for by the re-
search worker. Random selection, how-
ever, from the New York City list will in-
dicate what might be most helpful to the
very many (or the worthy few) if better
known, viz.: revenues of nations; early
888
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[December, 1914
Dutch; New York City; Hungary; angling;
stained glass; hymenoptera; Spanish law;
gems and precious stones, etc., etc. And
if such is the diversity of New York City
specializes, what may we not expect from
the country at large ? And would the aver-
age collector snarl at the request to share
a little of his knowledge? Not if he is as
properly educated as the very fact of his
collecting gives evidence of.
But is there not vastly more specializing
and storing of information than even the
American Library Annual has yet record-
ed? What about the publishers of techni-
cal journals? We know that some are
mere purveyors of news and make little
pretense of knowing what they published
last year. They shove in the material that
comes their way or that they have fished
for as timely news, and that is the end of
it. Theirs is an effectual weekly or monthly
newspaper, and they confess that they
haven't the facilities for knowing much of
what they have printed. If their publica-
tion has an index, that is the best they can
offer to the inquirer who looks for some-
thing which appeared in their columns a
year or two ago. But has not the day ar-
rived when the respectable editor may legi-
timately be looked to as able to find sub-
stantially every contribution to knowledge
that has gone into the publication he repre-
sents? A sign of the times is an editorial
in the Electric Railway Journal for Aug. I,
p. 194, entitled "Information clearing
houses." It was written in approbation of
the general proposition for systematized
sponsorships for knowledge, and ends by
saying that "a movement for a central in-
dex bureau ought to be inaugurated by
leaders in the library field, but it will take
time to initiate this movement. In the
meantime this paper will be glad to act as
a clearng house for information relating to
electric railways and will systematize the
filing of such data of this kind as may be
sent to it, so that the information will read-
ily be accessible to subscribers. The editors
believe that this is part of their duty to
their readers."
The question arises, Are you not likely
to have overlapping returns — more than
one sponsor for accounting, or for gas, or
Shakespereana, or what not? In all proba-
bility, Yes! and the assignment of the
chief sponsor will be a matter of business
detail.
It may be objected, why the need of an
organization on national lines when ninety-
nine per cent, of the questions can probably
be answered in most large cities ? We may
say that if all large cities were like New
York, a local organization might reason-
ably suffice; but as yet even New York is
not organized, and from Boston and else-
where New York is often informed of its
own sources of information which it was
not yet aware of. And such is the case the
world over, in accordance with the old say-
ing, "A prophet is not without honor save
in his own country." The existence of our
Boston bureau has brought to light indivi-
duals and organizations in New York that
seem ready and anxious for the moment
when they are to come co-operatively to-
gether and to know each other; and, while
waiting for local organizations to be formed,
the central bureau might well inform many
a man of a neighbor who has the facts that
would be most helpful to him.
Moreover, we in Boston could cite many
questions which need to be handed about
far and wide before the answer will come.
"What is Australian Bee ?" We know it is
a beverage-making substance, in vogue
several years ago; but as to its constituent
part, one is likely to get satisfaction only
through chance knowledge — and this in
whatever locality the question should come
up. "The rainfall of a tropical country,"
we found to be known not by our local
weather bureau, but by a certain professor.
The facts of a village enterprise in Connec-
ticut were inquired about from one indi-
vidual to another, until finally a member of
the "Bald-Headed Club" answered by writ-
ing up the story in a country newspaper, a
copy of which the questioner received.
Then comes the question, Will each and
all bother to give information without
charge ? By no means. Some ogranizations
exist for the very purpose of selling infor-
mation, while others, particularly libraries,
by their constitution and bylaws, if not by
their very charter, are obliged to give infor-
mation without charge. But, of course,
many specialists, and incidental possessors
of facts that are particularly in demand,
December, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
may most legitimately look for money com-
pensation in return for what they from
their vantage ground can produce forthwith
upon request; else, why may the surgeon
who was glad of $50 for saving a life ten
years ago be discontented with less than
$500 for a similar performance today?
The central catalog could tell of the
terms, and the central organization would
naturally have the duty to protect both
givers and receivers from imposition. In
providing a channel of free advertisement
it would be important to provide (or gradu-
ally build up) a censorship as to the relia-
bility of information that has thus been
made publicly available. The experimental
stage would certainly exist, and therein the
experiences of the Boston Co-operative In-
formation Bureau would have their value.
The local units would indeed be most appre-
ciated. A knowledge of Silver City, as the
center of information on silver, .would
hardly help the man in New York City to
borrow an authoritative book on silver from
his business neighbor, or know offhand
where to get a telephone answer from a
silver expert who may have an office in
town. Regardless of whether the Boston
bureau should serve as the organizing cen-
ter for a larger scheme, it might well
serve as a pattern to follow (or possibly to
avoid) for undertakings that aim at a
quick and more personal service for their
respective communities.
And what about a name, so that people
may readily talk about it? Call it the In-
formation Bureau System until a more
satisfactory one can be found.
And what other functions than to act as
a clearing house of people who know things
or have things? Plenty else. Here is a
memorandum for a docket of possible activi-
ties (national and local, unless otherwise
indicated), from the easiest functions,
which call for little additional assistance,
to some of the most difficult and Utopian,
which could hardly be assumed without a
large clerical force, and only after the sys-
tem had matured:
1. Guaranteeing loans between members,
so that the unusual may be borrowed with
some degree of safety.
2. Card indexing periodicals subscribed
for in any part of the locality, the headquar-
ters itself having a list of the whereabouts
of rare periodicals throughout the country.
(Union lists for larger cities not uncom-
mon to-day. Boston is having a new one
made.)
3. Reservoir libraries — one having been
informally started in connection with the
Boston bureau.
4. The availability of maps of distant
places (e. g., Shanghai, Valparaiso, Auck-
land, etc.), which would be useful to busi-
ness prospectors, as well as to intending
travelers.
5. Correspondence auction, such as is
now carried on by the Boston bureau. (Note
that such publications as Poor's Manual,
bankers' directories, McGraw Lighting and
Power and Electric Railway Directories for
a year past, often go unsold, yet might be
appreciated by many public libraries, which
could hardly afford to buy the latest copies,
some of these costing as much as $5.00
apiece.)
6. An organized center of knowledge of
a town's activities and the scope of its
sociological undertakings — charities, com-
mercial organizations, foreign language
clubs, educational centers, etc.
7. Systematized collections of catalogs of
publishers and second-hand dealers.
8. A museum of new books, i. e., co-
operation with the publishers, to enable a
community to have the latest books in one
place, where they could perhaps be bor-
rowed on a circulating library basis.
(Local.)
9. Providing for secretarial work and
headquarters for organizations that are not
sufficiently strong to have a home of their
own. (Local.)
10. Providing for the co-operative buy-
ing of books not generally needed, but of
value to the business man, like Garcke's
"Manual of electrical undertakings/' and
other directories, which public libraries can
hardly afford to purchase every year and
keep up to date. (Local. We are at work
on this in Boston now.)
11. Standardizing of books and book re-
views. (National.)
12. Business directory in card index form
and a card index of publications similar to
Pitman's "Where to look."
"Rome was not made in a day"; neither
890
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[December, 1914
could these functions, however simple most
of them may seem, go into operation with
the opening of an information system. But
they could well be entered on the docket,
and the docket could be looked over once
in a while to see if anything may have
been suggested that the time is now ripe
for.
To the above list might also be added
most of the items on the docket for the
Boston Co-operative Information Bureau,
which are recorded in its Bulletins and
which may be worth citing below. Some
are, or may soon be, accomplished facts,
while some are likely to remain mere sug-
gestions into the indefinite future. They
are listed according to accession number,
as follows:
(1) To make available knowledge of the
publication of the state and city documents
as soon as received from the public
printer.
(2) To consider the establishment of a
center of registration of back numbers of
periodicals not bound, from which the
separate copies can be borrowed.
(3) Center of information on the value
of reference books used for various pur-
poses: encyclopedias, dictionaries, etc.
(4) The availability of topographic maps
and maps generally for borrowing purposes
throughout the community.
(5) A registration of dates of events in
Boston, so that by inquiry as to what is
proposed for weeks and months ahead one
may be able to arrange his own functions
so as not to conflict.
(6) To incorporate.
(7) To publish a year book.
(8) To receive and have available opin-
ions looking to an all-round estimate of
things open to criticism, e. g., types of fur-
naces, gas stoves, lamps, vacuum cleaners,
etc., etc. — and why not summer hotels?
(9) Standardization of bills, business
cards, letter paper, etc., as to format and
general makeup. If, for example, business
cards were regularly made 3 inches by 5
inches, with a catchword in the corner to
indicate the bearer's business, would they
not oftener be filed than thrown in the
waste basket?
(10) A reservoir library system for the
storage of books not in demand, whether
those of the larger libraries or of business
libraries. This might possibly be worked
out to a certain extent by an interloaning
system whereby one library would care for
the books of another during a limited
period.
(n) Competent opinions on publications
of every description. (The bureau cur-
rently receives many publishers' announce-
ments.)
(12) A list of dealers in back numbers
of periodicals and where to buy certain rare
periodicals, locally and generally. The
American Library Annual gives a list of
booksellers and indicates second-hand deal-
ers, but with no further comment.
(13) To advertise the auction as a
medium for waning as well as exhausted
editions. At present persons desiring copies
of "The library and the business man" and
Bulletins I and 2 of the bureau may possibly
get them at the next auction price.
(14) Negotiate subscriptions for period-
icals that are not altogether wanted by an
individual concern, but yet collectively
wanted in the community.
(15) Announce function of "secretariat"
and itinerary center for persons sojourning
in the city, by performing, as it were, the
services of private telephone operator.
(16) Social arranging — invitation ad-
dressing, shopping agency and such func-
tions as the bureau could act as sponsors or
medium for by securing, or having list of,
persons available.
These two articles on "Sponsors for
knowledge" are in themselves an invita-
tion to express opinion as to the need for
and practicability of the scheme suggested;
and the writer will welcome comments, to
be collected and collated for the next step
that may wisely be taken.
The political party in this country that
will first be practical with the people, and
that will first get what it wants, will be the
political party that first takes literature
seriously. Our first great practical govern-
ment is going to see how a great book,
searching the heart of a nation, expressing
and singing the men in it, govern a people.
— GERALD STANLEY LEE, in "Crowds."
EVENING WORK WITH CHILDREN*
BY MARTHA E. POND, Librarian, Manitowoc, Wisconsin
WE as librarians are striving in our work
from day to day, to give to the public the
best possible service. We try to render that
service in the most efficient way, giving to
each patron, whether man, woman, or child,
the help he needs. We must plan to give
to each one the time and attention which
he wishes, without favoritism to any. The
time in every library is necessarily limited,
and unless we are blessed with a large
staff, a condition which does not often exist,
we must conserve the time and be most
careful in our disposal of it, that we may
be able to satisfy all who may have claim
upon it.
The adults and children constitute our
public. We must render good service to
both. How much of our time shall be given
to each ? The natural time for the children
to come to the library is during the day,
particularly after the schools are closed,
from four to six o'clock. In most libraries
they are expected at that time and special
preparation is made to serve them at the
children's desk and in the reference depart-
ment. The natural time for the adult patron
to visit the library is during the afternoon
and evening, especially the evening, since
men and women who are employed during
the day are not free to come until that
time.
A question which is being considered by
many librarians at present is, "Can we do
evening work with children?" or, "How
does the presence of the children in the
library in the evening affect the service ren-
dered to the adults ?"
Let us consider some of the problems
which arise when both the adults and the
children are in the library at night. There
is the matter of desk service. Either it is
necessary for two people to be in attend-
ance at the desk, or else the service is
crippled, the attention divided and people
are made to wait. During the day an extra
attendant can usually be on duty to look
after the children, but with a small staff
it is hard to arrange for two at night. Or,
*Read at the Michigan-Wisconsin ^ Library Associa-
tion Joint Meeting, Menominee-Marinette, July 29-31,
1914-
if the library is so small as to be able to
have only one person in attendance at any
time, should she be obliged to submit to
the same strain at night that she has had
during the day? Will an attendant, work-
ing alone in the evening, feel that she is
giving the best service, if she is obliged
to keep the busy man waiting while she is
looking up something for the boy who came
in twice before six o'clock, or can she suc-
cessfully aid the high school boy in select-
ing material for his debate, if she has one
eye on the group of boys in the children's
room who are waiting for the moving pic-
ture show across the way to open ? Granted
that there are other children in the room
who are quietly reading, nevertheless, the
extra attendant is needed, the same super-
vision is necessary as during the day time
and often the discipline problem is more in
evidence than at any time during the day.
Sometimes it is true, that only under such
circumstances is there a discipline problem
at all. There is a novelty to the child in
being out at night, which results in a friski-
ness that is not always easy to curb, and the
attendant must be constantly on the alert.
Conditions, of course, vary in different
localities, but we found that service, super-
vision and discipline were the things most
affected by having the children in the library
in the evening. We formerly closed the
children's department at seven-thirty. Close
observation showed that the children who
frequented the library most between six and
seven-thirty were those who lived in the
immediate neighborhood of the library and
who were in the habit of coming in several
times a day; those who used the library as
a place to meet if they were going to the
moving picture show, athletic practice or
dancing school; and those boys who wan-
dered in aimlessly from the streets for a
few minutes, about whom there was some-
times the odor of cigarettes. We found it
necessary for two people to be in attend-
ance until seven-thirty for the sake of super-
vision, and that the service to adults should
not be affected. When it was time to close
the children's department, they were apt to
892
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[December, 1914
become unruly and noisy as they left the
building, thereby disturbing readers in the
reading rooms. Sometimes, when they were
not inclined to depart at the closing time
and knew that they could make no dis-
turbance within, they would be very noisy
on the outside of the building. With the
children's department closing at six o'clock,
there is no break in the quiet of the evening,
and one attendant can look after the needs
of the adult patrons. Our work may be a
little heavier from four to six, but we are
prepared for it and the children are given
good service and we are better satisfied with
the conditions in the evening.
In correspondence with other librarians
similar experiences were related. One libra-
rian writes, "Our children's room is closed
every day at 6:00 p. m. This ruling was
made about two years ago. Previous to
that time children had been allowed to come
in the evening, but 'twas found that many
made the library a mere pretext for getting
away from home in the evening, and parents
sometimes called for children who had not
even been seen about the building. Also
we observed that those who did come were
the same ones who came during the day, and
they were restless and not at all in the mood
for quiet reading. None of the staff mem-
bers could be spared for the entire evening
in the children's room and the restlessness
greatly disturbed the readers. Our rule now
requires all school children below high
school to use the library before six o'clock
unless accompanied by parent or guardian.
Exceptions are made upon receipt of state-
ment from teacher, parent or guardian that
the child is working after school and can-
not come except in the evening." Another
says, "This library does not have the chil-
dren's room open after six o'clock and I
think it works no hardships to anyone.
There are a few boys who work and we let
them get their books from the children's
room at night. I think the place for chil-
dren at night is at home. If the children
came in we would be overrun with those in
the neighborhood running in and out. It
makes it much better for the adult patrons,
too, as they are not bothered with children
around the desk or by having to wait while
the children are being given books or refer-
ence help."
Letters from librarians who allow the
children to come for all or part of the even-
ing are in part as follows: "We close the
children's room at 7 p. m. and do not allcw
children below the eighth grade in school to
come to the library in the evening. I am
going to ask the, Library Board to vote to
close the children's room at six o'clock
beginning with another school year. I think
it is unwise for small children to have the
library as an excuse for leaving home after
supper, and we do so much reference work
with high school pupils in the evening and
our discipline problem is such a difficult one
that it is impossible for us to keep the
children's room open in the evening, even if
it were desirable for small children to come
at that time." One librarian writes, "I
strongly disapprove of allowing children to
come to the library in the evening, as they
neither read nor allow other people to read.
I have never tried to prohibit their coming,
because, situated as our library is, I think
it would be very hard to enforce ; but, if we
could begin over again, I should most cer-
tainly not allow children under sixteen to
come to the library in the evening." An-
other "doubts the wisdom of allowing chil-
dren to be on the streets at night, even to
come to so good a place as the library."
Others are in favor of keeping the room
open all evening. One such says that the
children's room is kept open until eight
o'clock during the school year. This is
done, "not so much to circulate books as to
encourage children who would otherwise
spend their evenings on the street." Some
librarians state that so few children come in
the evening that it has never been necessary
to make any regulations regarding their
coming ; others that they give no trouble and
that the adult patrons rather enjoy having
them there, even though they are apt to
cause disturbance. Such conditions are more
apt to prevail in a small town where every
one knows every one else and the town life
is like that of a large family. A few libra-
rians contend that it is better to let the
children come at night no matter how
greatly they interfere with the library rou-
tine, than to have them roaming the streets,
or going to places which they should not
frequent, since parents pay so little atten-
tion to their whereabouts at night. But is
December, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
893
it the function of the public library to
assume the duty of parent or guardian in
the care of the child? Every librarian
that has the welfare of the children at
heart is anxious to do whatever is in her
power for the betterment of the children,
but by keeping them at the library until
nine at night, is she sure that nothing will
happen to them after they leave the library ?
This introduces a new element into our
problem, and it is a factor of the home
problem rather than of the library prob-
lem. We should work with the home in
trying to keep the children there in the
evening and do nothing to draw them from
their homes at night. Often the fact that
the library is open offers an excuse to bring
the children down town in the evening.
Even though the library may do more for
the child than the home, it is, at least, as-
sumed that the greater responsibility lies
there.
So, if we decide we can give better ser-
vice to both classes of our patrons, by
excluding the children from the library at
night, we can establish an age limit, pos-
sibly twelve or fourteen years, below which
children cannot come at night. Children
accept changes readily, and if at first they
are inclined to resent the loss of the privi-
lege, they will see if carefully explained to
them personally, that as they would dislike
the intrusion of the adults into their room,
even so do the adults like to have the
library to themselves without the presence
of the children for a short period of the
day. In a short time they will have for-
gotten that conditions were ever different
from the new ones.
THE PRAIRIE DU CHIEN IDEA*
A NEWSPAPER with a public-spirited edi-
tor can be a great force for good in a city
of any size. The public library in Prairie
du Chien, Wisconsin, has long needed more
support and interest from the city. Mr.
Howe, the editor of the Prairie du Chien
Courier, is deeply interested in the needs
of this library, and in January offered to let
the library board publish one issue of the
Courier, the board to furnish all news
articles and advertisements except those
*Reprinted from the Wisconsin Library Bulletin,
April, 1914.
running for the year by contract, and to re-
ceive all the proceeds from advertising,
sale of extra copies, and one-third on all
new subscriptions. The board decided to
publish a "Public Library Edition" on Feb-
ruary 24, planning the edition as much as
an appeal to the citizens for interest in the
library, as a money-making project.
A 24-page paper in three parts, instead
of the usual eight-page issue, was published,
and the edition cleared for the library $420.
Many illustrations, special features, full
pages of advertisements make the paper
neat, attractive and valuable; and in addi-
tion to the money raised for the library,
public sentiment has been aroused, and the
citizens of Prairie du Chien are now anx-
ious to build up a library worthy of the
community.
The work of collecting material for the
edition was divided among the members of
the library board and the women of the
Twentieth Century Club. Two men on the
board solicited the advertisements; nearly
every concern in the city is represented, and
the proceeds from this material amount to
over $250.
The special feature of the edition is the
Home Coming Department, edited by the
secretary of the library board, and consist-
ing of fifty letters from former residents of
Prairie du Chien, written for the paper in
response to circular letters of invitation sent
out with printed return envelopes enclosed.
These invitations were in the following
form:
Prairie du Chien Public Library
Secretary's Office,
Prairie du Chien, Wis.,
January 27, 1914.
Dear Friend: The publisher of the "Prairie
du Chien Courier" has very generously do-
nated the issue of February 24th to the benefit
of the Public Library, the Library Board to
edit said issue and all income from advertis-
ing and sale of papers of that number to go
into the library fund for the purchase of
books.
It has been decided to print as a feature of
that issue, letters from former citizens of
Prairie du Chien, who now reside elsewhere,
giving their reminiscences of life at Prairie
du Chien or something of what has befallen
them since leaving here, each letter to be
limited to one hundred words. Copy f orchis
feature must be in the hands of the printer
not later than February 10, 1914.
894
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[December, 1914
Will you favor us with such a letter?
Trusting that we may have the pleasure of
receiving something from you, we are
Very truly yours,
The letters received and published in the
paper came from every part of the country
and are full of personal interest. Copies of
the paper were sent to all the letter-writers,
and carried them news of their home town
and the letters of their old friends. In ad-
dition to letters, gifts of money and books
were received front these former residents.
Each of the schools and colleges of the
city has a special write-up by some member
of the faculty; illustrations from photo-
graphs make these articles doubly interest-
ing and valuable. Histories of the churches
and church societies were collected by two
women of the Twentieth Century Club.
There is an interesting article on the indus-
tries of Prairie du Chien.
Other features of the issue are a house-
hold page of about 50 signed recipes, col-
lected by three of the club women, a funny
column, club and society column, fashion
department, "Beauty and health" and "Pro-
priety" columns, with queries of citizens
and answers, conducted by two other wo-
men. Some of the jokes in the paper are
illustrated by cartoons adapted to apply to
several Prairie du Chien residents.
A history of the local library, and state-
ment of its meager resources of 528 books
for 605 registered borrowers, in a city with
a population of over 3,000, occupies the first
page, with an editorial appealing to the
people for interest and support and empha-
sizing the value of the public library in a
community. Statistics in this editorial and
in articles contributed by librarians and
teachers of nearby towns the size of Prairie
du Chien, convince the reader of the needs
and possibilities of the local library.
The final work of printing so large an
edition was successful, because of the en-
ergy of the editor, of his extra office help,
and of all the members of the board. Cir-
culars had been distributed throughout the
city advertising this special issue of the pa-
per, printed as follows :
Library Benefit Number
The Prairie du Chien Courier for Feb. 24th
is to be published by the public library board
assisted by other friends and well wishers of
the library, the entire proceeds of the edition
to be used for the purchase of books.
This will be a 16 page edition, containing a
home-coming department, (letters from for-
mer residents), a household department, write-
ups of the library, schools, clubs, churches,
and church societies and other special and in-
teresting features.
The subscription price of the Courier is
$1.50 per year. For every subscription begin-
ning with this edition or secured at this time
5oc. will go to the library fund. Extra copies
of the paper will be sold at ice. each, or 3 for
25c. Send your order to the Secretary of
Library Board, Prairie du Chien, Wis.
Copies of the paper went to regular sub-
scribers, to contributors to the Public Li-
brary Edition; twenty of the high school
children each took twenty copies for sale
and canvassed the city; copies were also
placed on sale in several stores.
As a business man said : "This is the big-
gest thing that has ever happened to Prairie
du Chien." The library has receded $420
for books, and also the enthusiastic support
of the citizens. New books have already
been purchased, more adequate quarters will
soon be secured, and Prairie du Chien will
have a useful and usable library. The city
has been advertised in this edition of the
Courier as never before, and both library
and merchants have profited.
The public library edition of a newspaper
can be published in any city with an ener-
getic and interested editor, and a library
board willing to work. Material for copy
not requiring attention at the last moment
should be prepared two weeks or more be-
fore publication to allow time for careful
proofreading and arrangement of all the
material at the last. Copies of this Febru-
ary 24 edition of the Prairie Du Chien
Courier may be secured for 10 cents from
the secretary of the library board, Mrs. J. S.
Earll.
MARION HUMBLE.
THE ENGINEERING SOCIETIES
LIBRARY*
One of the largest collections of engineer-
ing literature in the world is housed in the
Engineering Societies Building, at 29 West
39th Street, New York, the headquarters
"Reprinted from the Journal of The American So-
ciety of Mechanical Engineers, 29 West 39th St., New
York.
December, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
895
of The American Society of Mechanical
Engineers. It is made up of the joint libra-
ries of the American Institute of Electrical
Engineers, The American Society of
Mechanical Engineers, and the American
Institute of Mining Engineers, and con-
tains more than 60,000 volumes of great
technical value, including, besides all the
important works in these three fields of
engineering, many books of reference, the
bound sets of the proceedings of practically
all the engineering societies of the world
in these fields, and of many others allied
with them. Some of these sets cannot be
found in complete form in any other library
in the country.
The library also receives every impor-
tant engineering periodical of the world in
PLAN OF LIBRARY
the mechanical, electrical and mining fields,
as well as many others covering chem-
ical technology and other allied industries,
numbering in all more than 800 current
magazines, printed in more than ten lan-
guages.
The location of the library at the top of
a great building is almost ideal, insuring as
it does splendid lighting and the absence
of dust and street noises. Its arrangement
was planned with a view to making its
contents accessible to readers, and only a
few of the greater rarities are in locked
cases, all the other volumes being on open
shelves. Those most frequently called for
are in the main reading room on the top
floor, while the stack room on the floor
below contains the ones less seldom re-
ferred to.
The main reading room, a photograph of
which is shown in this issue, is dignified in
its simplicity. Three massive columns on
each side separate the north and side sides
into spacious alcoves, where wide tables
and comfortable chairs have been placed
for the convenience of the reader. The
mezzanine gallery recently erected, has in-
creased the shelf space, and adds to rather
than detracts from the general appearance.
At the rear of
the room, facing
the visitor as he
enters, is Frank
Dana Marsh's
fine mural paint-
ing depicting the
operations of en-
gineering. The
central figure is
that of the direct-
ing engineer, ro-
bust and keen-
eyed, while on
each side are
brawny workmen
handling machin-
ery, drilling hard
rock, running sur-
veying lines, and
erecting dynamos.
In the back-
ground are rail-
roads, bridges,
blast furnaces,
steel works — a Pittsburgh in miniature.
A fine view of New York and its massive
skyline can be obtained from the wide win-
dows of the reading room.
Through the generosity of the members
of the three societies which jointly main-
tain the library, supplemented by the
annual appropriations of the societies
themselves, there has been accumulated
this collection of technical literature of
exceptional value. Among the volumes
896
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[December, 1914
available are the publications, in their
original editions, of the two oldest learned
societies of the world, the Royal Society of
London and the Academy of Science of
Paris, the former dating from the time of
Charles II. of England. Electricity and
magnetism are completely covered by the
Latimer Clark Collection, presented in
1901 by Dr. Schuyler Skaats Wheeler, and
through the kindness of Dr. Carnegie
properly cataloged and housed. The great
works of the mathematicians, physicists,
and chemists which are the basis of all
engineering, are well represented.
The early work of the engineer is repre-
sented by many valuable works dating back
to the beginning of the printing of scien-
tific books, and the many volumes in Latin
and mediaeval English form a nucleus of
what, it is hoped, may in the future be a
valuable source of information for the
American engineer interested in the his-
tory of his profession.
But, however great may be the value of
old books, the engineer of to-day wants the
literature of to-day. The library is not a
dry-as-dust museum. It has records of the
past for reference when required, but it
has in even greater profusion the literature
of the immediate present. Every engineer-
ing periodical is accessible to readers as
quickly as the mail can bring it to the
library, and books are usually available
before they reach the review columns of
the engineering journals. Every work is
cataloged and shelved as promptly as
possible.
Through the gift of a lately deceased
member of The American Society of
Mechanical Engineers, the library has
acquired one of the most complete collec-
tions in the world of books on machinery
and appliances for handling and conveying
materials of all kinds, and this collection is
being expanded as rapidly as possible. In
these days of large enterprises the litera-
ture of this subject is of enormous impor-
tance. An attempt is being made to cover
every subject of contemporary interest in
the same complete manner.
The 800 serial publications received from
all parts of the world are for the most
part preserved and bound. These are
largely received in exchange for the publi-
cations of the founder societies. A list has
been issued by the library showing the
periodical sets which it contains, and a
second list, in which will be shown the re-
sources of seven libraries in New York
and its vicinity, is being edited for publica-
tion. It is hoped that ultimately a list
covering the libraries of the United States
may be issued.
It is manifestly impossible for any en-
gineer to collect, preserve and digest for
himself the voluminous literature of his
profession. He must depend on the work
of others, reviewers, indexers, abstractors,
and librarians. Until a very recent date a
library considered its duty accomplished
when it had acquired, preserved, cataloged,
and indexed the literature of the subjects
covered. A reader was forced to visit a
library in order to get information. But
the up-to-date library is adopting a new
policy which makes complete service
possible to students at a distance.
To be more specific, the library of the
Engineering Societies is prepared to render
the following service to any one who
desires it:
(a) It will verify references, furnish
abstracts, copies, and translations of
any article from citations sent by an
engineer or student.
(b) It will furnish partial or complete
bibliographies of engineering subjects,
and where the original sources are not
available to the client, furnish either
the original print, or such abstracts,
copies, photographs and translations as
are necessary.
During the period in which this service
has been in operation, some 500 reference
lists have been compiled, and copies have
been retained and are available to any one.
It is manifestly impossible to give here a
complete list of the subjects; it can only
be said that nearly the whole engineering
field is covered. The library keeps a card
index of the important articles in the cur-
rent periodicals and society publications as
it receives them, so that the inclusion of the
literature of the minute is assured in the
reference lists.
This special service is particularly com-
mended to the attention of engineers in
isolated places. Its international scope is
December, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
897
evidenced by the fact that during the past
two years it has been of assistance to en-
gineers in such far-off countries as Pata-
gonia, Korea, Japan, South Africa, Ger-
many, and Australia. References have also
been sent to Alaska, British Columbia,
Mexico, and the Canal Zone. In the im-
probable event that a reference is not found
in the library, books are borrowed from
other libraries, either in New York or other
cities. When transcripts of articles are
desired, photographic copies are preferable
in most cases, as being cheaper than type-
writing and a guarantee against mistakes.
The library is a general bureau of infor-
mation for engineers. It will furnish ad-
dresses of engineers, names of publishers,
of books and periodicals, addresses of
manufacturers, and statistics of various
kinds. It also has facilities for accurate
technical translation. Requests by tele-
phone, telegraph and cable will receive
immediate attention. A nominal charge
(net cost) is made for this service.
W. P. CUTTER, Librarian.
A. L. A. EXHIBIT AT THE PANAMA-
PACIFIC EXPOSITION
THE committee of the A. L. A. charged
with the duty of preparing a suitable library
exhibit for the Panama-Pacific Interna-
tional Exposition, which opens in San
Francisco on Feb. 20, 1915, has sent out
the following circular letter of appeal to
librarians :
November 18, 1914.
To the Librarian:
With such patience as it possesses the
American Library Association Committee
on The Panama-Pacific International Expo-
sition has waited in the hope that the ex-
hibit sent to Leipzig would be returned in
time to form the basis for the San Francisco
exhibit.
Thus far the efforts of the committee to
ascertain when the exhibit would be re-
turned have been futile owing to war con-
ditions prevailing in Europe.
As a last resort the Library of Congress
has made an appeal to the Secretary of
State for the return of its contribution, and
the American ambassador at Berlin has
been instructed by cable to endeavor to ar-
range for the return of the exhibit.
Even if successful in this new direction
the material is not likely to reach the
United States before the first of the year.
The committee, therefore, has decided to
form another collection and have the same
installed at San Francisco next year.
To make this exhibit a success there must
be active interest and co-operation among
the libraries of the United States.
This is not the year to ask for large con-
tributions of money (although $3,000 must
be raised to carry through the project) but
the committee does feel that libraries should
respond promptly and generously to the ap-
peal for material.
The time is so short that the committee
has arranged with Mr. J. L. Gillis, state li-
brarian, Sacramento, California, who has
volunteered the services of his staff, to re-
ceive and arrange the exhibit under a plan
outlined by the committee.
This circular asks you to contribute, for
the exhibition, pictures, reports, leaflets,
maps, diagrams, catalogs, book-lists, blanks,
posters, etc., etc.
Your contributions, to receive attention
and secure a place in the exposition must be
forwarded soon, leaving your library, by ex-
press prepaid, as per shipping directions be-
low, not later than December I5th.
Send all material flat and unmounted;
though large posters, and large maps and
floor plans can be folded if on thin paper.
Do NOT mount photographs, blanks or
any other material in any way.
Number the photographs you send with a
series of consecutive numbers written in ink
on front, in the upper left corner. Clip to
each photograph a slip bearing the number
of the photograph and stating very clearly
and fully what it pictures and from what
library it comes.
It is much better to send one or iwo large,
clear photographs, 5 x 8 or 8 x 10, than a
dozen small or inferior ones.
Mark plainly everything, not already so
marked, as coming from your library.
Arrange the material to take the least
possible space and so pack it that it will
travel safely, yet make the whole package
as light as possible.
Address all packages to
J. L. GILLIS, State Librarian,
Sacramento, Cal.
898
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[December, 1914
(Put the name of your library on the out-
side.)
Mr. Gillis, in making up the exhibit, will
follow the methods used in installing that
for Leipzig. All large photographs and as
much other material as seems proper for
the purpose, will be mounted and matted,
so far as possible, on mounts of one of these
two sizes: 13 x 17^2 and 17^2" x 26.
The best of the photographs and the best
of other material will be shown on walls or
screens, each mount being appropriately
labeled. Blanks, leaflets, short lists, illus-
trations of methods, etc., etc., will, for the
most part, be mounted on larger sheets and
be shown in multiplex display frames.
Libraries will not be shown individually.
The material sent will be used to help make
exhibits of subjects — as Charging systems;
Library buildings, exteriors and plans ; Chil-
dren's rooms; Periodicals; Pamphlets,
method of handling; Binding; Story tell-
ing; etc., etc.
Mr. Gillis's task will be a very difficult
one. He needs an abundance of the best
material, and needs it at once.
A. L. A. COMMITTEE ON PANAMA-PACIFIC
EXHIBIT.
FRANK P. HILL,, Chairman.
MARY EILEEN AHERN,
JOHN C. DANA,
J. L. GILLIS,
GEORGE B. UTLEY.
RELIEF FUND FOR BELGIAN LIBRA-
RIANS
There has been forwarded to his Excel-
lency Emanuel Havenith, Belgian Minister
at Washington, the subscription, amounting
to $340.70, raised by the library staff of the
New York Public Library for the benefit of
librarians in Belgium whose libraries have
been destroyed or who have been deprived
by the war of their occupation. There has
also been received by the LIBRARY JOURNAL
and forwarded through this office to His
Excellency, $61.65 from the staff of the
Portland, Oregon, Public Library; $20.00
from the LIBRARY JOURNAL, and $2.00 from
Miss Edith Rice. This money is sent for
the relief of librarians in Belgium, because
it is in that country that librarians have
especially suffered.
HOW TO USE THE LIBRARY
The following outline for an hour's
exercise on how to use the library was
prepared by the Western Massachusetts
Library Club, and was read and discussed
at the October meeting of the Massachu-
setts Library Club at Stockbridge. The
outline is intended for use with children in
the highest grammar grade and has been
used with good results in the schools of
Westfield, Mass. :
THE LIBRARY
What is a library? Not merely a col-
lection of books, but a storehouse of infor-
mation, a place to find reading for amuse-
ment or instruction. Information chiefly
taken up under this exercise.
What is the public library? Supported
by the people and open to all the people it
forms a part of the system of public edu-
cation, and one which all can continue par-
ticipating in through life.
How many of you are in the habit of
using the library? Your father's taxes
help support the library, and we would wel-
come you and urge you to regard it as your
own for all legitimate purposes.
THE ARRANGEMENT OF BOOKS
How many of you have ever noticed
whether the books seem to be in any special
order? It is necessary to group books on
similar subjects together as, e. g., all Amer-
ican histories.
Can you think of some other kinds of
books to be grouped together? Books on
how to do things, bird books, travel books,
cook books, etc.
Have you ever noticed numbers on the
books? (Explain briefly the general group-
ing and the numbering used in the library.
If the decimal classification is used, explain
the grouping into ten main divisions and
what these are. Explain terms not readity
understood.)
(If book numbers are used show how it
is necessary where there are many books
on any subject to arrange them in some
definite order so that any particular book
can be quickly found, and that this order is
usually alphabetical by author. In looking
for a book by number find the classification
number first and then the book number.)
December, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
899
How is biography arranged? Alphabet-
ically by the individual about whom the
book is written.
How is fiction arranged? Alphabetically
by the authors.
(Have a practical exercise giving each
pupil the number of a book to be looked
up on the shelves; then interchange the
books and have them put away, the pupil
remaining by the book until the librarian
has verified the work.)
THE CATALOG
Explain the necessity of having a key to
the contents of the library when you are in
search of some particular thing or book.
What is such a key called ? The catalog.
How many of you are in the habit of
using the catalog?
What kinds of questions would you
expect the catalog to answer? (a)
Whether the library has a book of a cer-
tain title, (b) What books the library has
by any particular author, (c) What books
the library has on any particular topic.
How are the cards in the catalog ar-
ranged? Author, subject, and title, all in
one alphabet, as in a dictionary.
Of course, you must know thoroughly the
order of the letters of the alphabet, for this
is absolutely essential in hundreds of ways
in daily life.
What are reference cards? Cards direct-
ing you to look in another place for the
items you are in search of, as, e. g., Twain,
Mark, see Clemens, S. L.
(Have a sample set of typical cards,
author, title, and subject, and reference, and
explain the significance of the different
parts, the call number, the imprint, why the
author's name is inverted, etc.)
(Give pupils different topics, authors,
and titles to look up in the catalog, and
then find the books from the call num-
bers.)
REFERENCE BOOKS
What are reference books? Books con-
taining much information in small compass
for use in the library only.
How many can name a reference book?
(a) The dictionary
What do you use the dictionary for?
Primarily to find the spelling and meaning
of words, but many other things can be
found there as well.
How is it arranged? Alphabetically.
What are some of the other things that
can be found? The pronunciation, part of
speech, earlier and possibly obsolete mean-
ings, derivation of the word, phrases illus-
trative of its use, idiomatic phrases or ex-
pressions into which it enters, pictures,
synonyms and antonyms.
(Quote sample word from the dictionary,
reading all that is found under it, and have
the children tell the above items as they
are read.)
What supplementary material can be
found in the dictionary? Abbreviations,
biographical, geographical, scriptural names,
foreign phrases, names famous in litera-
ture, arbitrary signs, pictures, etc.
Where is this supplementary material
found? At the foot of the page, and to
some extent in the back, in the case of the
New International; in the back of the
Standard; in the text of the Century and
in its Book of Names.
(b) The encyclopedia
How does the encyclopedia differ from
the dictionary? Does not list all words,
but gives extensive description of the topics
included, treats of history and description
of countries, lives of people, general sub-
jects such as natural history, science, tele-
graphy, and the like.
How is it arranged? Usually alphabeti-
cally.
How do you use it? Notice the letters
on the back to find the volume in which is
the article which you desire. Heed the
cross references. In the case of the Britan-
nica use the index.
(c) The World Almanac
What is it? A remarkable compilation
published annually, giving an immense
variety of facts and figures on politics,
statesmanship, happenings of the day, great
men of the time, officers of states and na-
tions, etc. "If you cannot find a thing
anywhere else look in the World Almanac."
How do you use it? By means of the
index in the front.
(The use of other reference books such
as indexes to periodicals, books of quota-
tions, atlases, etc., can be taken up at the
discretion of the librarian.)
"When in doubt consult the librarian."
900
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[December, 1914
GERMANY STARTS ITS FIRST
LIBRARY SCHOOL
THE first regularly organized library
school in Germany was opened on the
morning of October 12, 1914, in the Hoch
Schule fur Frauen in Leipzig.
The Hoch Schule fur Frauen, the only
institution of its kind to be found in Ger-
many, is a technical school for training
women for professional and public service.
It occupies a very handsome building in
Konigstrasse 18, and is generously equipped
with libraries and devices. Its chemical
laboratory is especially large and com-
plete.
During the summer of 1914 the Zentral-
stelle fur Volkstumliches Biichereiwesen
(Central Bureau for Public Library Inter-
ests) was established in Leipzig. This
bureau is housed in the Frauen Hochschule.
It is supported by funds contributed by the
city of Leipzig, by individuals and libraries.
Through its efforts the library school
(Fachschule fur Bibliothekverwaltung und
Technik) was brought into being, and quar-
ters for it were secured in the Frauen
Hochschule.
Dr. Walter Hofmann, the director of the
public library system of Leipzig, and Mrs.
Hofmann, librarian of Branch Library No.
2, of Leipzig, were the prime movers in
establishing both the Zentralstelle and the
Fachschule.
There were twelve pupils present at the
opening exercises. Dr. Boysen, of the
University Library, made the introductory
remarks and was followed by Dr. Hofmann,
who reviewed the beginnings of the efforts
which led to the realization of the school.
Both speakers were happy in their refer-
ences to American libraries and their
methods.
The required time of instruction is a year
and a half, beginning in October. A fee
of 200 marks is exacted. Pupils must be
at least 20 years of age, and must have ab-
solved certain educational requirements.
Among the applicants were several men.
Thus there is here the singular event of
men attending a technical woman's school
in Germany, where opinion as to the prog-
ress of woman is supposed to be so con-
servative. A. R. H.*
SOUTH AMERICA AND OPPOR-
TUNITY.
PUBLIC interest in the South American
republics, gradually growing greater, has
become suddenly intensified for two reasons.
The first is the opening of the Panama
Canal, and the second is the war now being
carried on by six of the greatest commer-
cial nations in the world. The United
States has been slow to recognize and ap-
preciate the possibilities of South America
and the opportunity for building up a mu-
tually profitable trade. A few years ago
only a stray article on South America ap-
peared in the magazines. Now in almost
every newspaper and magazine are found
glowing accounts of golden opportunities
that await American business men. It is
to be hoped that the result of all this pub-
licity will not be a mad rush of men who
expect to grab and exploit. South America
does not need such men, but does need men
who understand fundamental conditions,
men who can help existing trade and lay a
foundation for further extension.
This is the time for the public library to
step forward. It can place in the hands
of its patrons books, pamphlets, bulletins
giving reliable information about South
America, and telling to what authorities to
go in search for more detailed information.
By a display of attractive books and a
judicious advertising of same, the library
can inspire the earnest business man or the
enterprising young man or woman. It can
perhaps be the means of opening a career
to some hitherto plodding clerk. It can
help to open the door to a better under-
standing of conditions in South America,
and of the reasons why a great many of
our business men have become discouraged
in dealing with South Americans and have
given up trying.
Men from the United States have not
taken the time or the trouble to understand
Latin-Americans. Germans and English-
men have done so, and have been more suc-
cessful in the field. Few Americans have
stopped to learn Spanish or Portuguese, or
even French, which is a favorite language
with the better-class South Americans.
They have not stopped to learn the etiquette
of the country. They have hustled in a
December, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
901
country which does not understand hustling.
It is to be regretted that more business
schools do not teach languages which would
be of use in dealing with foreign countries.
Someone has said: "It is a sweet little
peculiarity of American schools and col-
leges that they treat living languages as
dead."
In the Binghamton (N. Y.) Public Li-
brary, at the entrance to the reading-room,
was placed a case containing books on South
America, pamphlets, guide books, Spanish
and Portuguese grammars and dictionaries.
A sign on this case read: "South America
and opportunity." As men passed by to
read the morning paper or their favorite
magazine, this sign caught their eyes. Some
paused and read from the books. One
young man, a hotel clerk, stopped longer
than the others and selected one large book
and a Pan-American Bulletin. He bor-
rowed these ; . incidentally, he kept them
much longer than his allotted time. Now
he is taking a correspondence course, and
learning the Spanish language by phono-
graph. We have hopes for that young
man.
The best authorities on such American
affairs are, of course, the Pan-American
Union and the United States Department
of Commerce, Bureau of Foreign and Do-
mestic Commerce. Both of these are glad
to give information and help. Both have
pamphlets for sale and free, and the Pan-
American Union will send, on request, a
list of books which they have for sale, and
will suggest the best text-books for the
study of Spanish and Portuguese.
The Pan - American Union, formerly
known as the Bureau of American Repub-
lics, is an international organization and
office maintained by the twenty-one Amer-
ican republics and devoted to the develop-
ment and maintenance of commerce, friend-
ly intercourse, and good understanding
among them. Its affairs are administered
by a director and assistant director, elected
by and responsible to a governing board
comprised of the Secretary of State of the
United States and the diplomatic represen-
tatives in Washington of the other Amer-
ican governments. The Pan - American
Union issues a monthly bulletin or maga-
zine called the Bulletin of the Pan-Amer-
ican Union. These bulletins contain reliable
information concerning the republics, such
as commerce, exports, banks, railways, and
each month special notes on each of the
republics. The Bulletin is two dollars a
year. Other pamphlets issued by the Union
which have been of use are "Cotton," "Fac-
tors in Latin - American trade," Latin-
America, the land of opportunity," "Rub-
ber and its relatives," "Tobacco," "United
States and Latin-America," "Pan-American
possibilities."
The Department of Commerce has pub-
lished a "Trade directory of South Amer-
ica for the promotion of American export
trade" (1914). This publication was pre-
pared solely for the object of benefiting
American export trade, and will materially
assist American manufacturers and ex-
porters. The directory is arranged accord-
ing to countries, under country by city, un-
der city by articles. The use of the volume
is facilitated by a classified schedule giving
the main heads under which the various
articles are listed, and by a good index.
The Department of Commerce has also re-
cently issued a pamphlet called "Foreign
publications for advertising American
goods," which gives a general idea of the
cost of advertising in some of the principal
foreign publications, the lines of trade rep-
resented, circulation, and subscription price.
Other interesting and useful pamphlets is-
sued by this department are "Banking and
credit in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and
Peru," "Foreign credits," "South America
as an export field," and "Trade of the
United States with the world."
The Alexander Hamilton Institute, Astor
Place, New York, has prepared a war map
of American trade opportunities, with sta-
tistics, comments, and predictions. The
map has been carefully prepared and
shows, not at a glance, for the map is large,
the comparative importance of the leading
industries of the United States and the
probable effect of the war upon them.
The following books have been found
useful in the Binghamton Public Library:
Bingham, Across South America.
Boyce, Illustrated South America.
Bryce, South America.
Calderon, Latin America.
Clemenceau, South America to-day.
Enock, Ecuador.
Hale, Practical guide to South America.
Hale, South Americans.
902
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[December, 1914
Ruhl, Other Americans.
Whelpley, Trade of the world.
Winter, Brazil and her people of to-day.
Portuguese Language
Branner, Portuguese grammar.
Vieyra, Dictionary
Spanish Language
Ahn, New practical and easy method of learning the
Spanish language.
Loiseaux, Elementary Spanish reader.
Pitman's readings in commercial Spanish.
Toledano, Pitman's commercial Spanish grammar.
Vieyra, Dictionary.
HELEN STRATTON.
ADVERTISING A TECHNICAL DE-
PARTMENT
THE Pratt Institute Free Library has
put out a folder advertising their applied
science department, which is a striking de-
parture from the usual library circular. The
cover page, which we reproduce, is printed
BOOKS , | , , m
PERIODICALS
I RECORDS
—
in black-and-white, with a background of
bright yellow, and the inside facing pages
read as follows:
APPLIED SCIENCE ROOM
A RESORT FOR READING, REFERENCE
AND STUDY FOR THE FREE USE OF
Engineers who must keep in touch with the
newest undertakings and most advanced
principles of their profession.
Chemists who need to know what processes
have already been developed, and what may
be expected to result from their own experi-
mentation.
Machinists and Expert Mechanics who appre-
ciate the value of up-to-date information as
to the new types of machinery and mechan-
isms and modern tendencies of their trade
Builders and Architects who realize the im-
portance of close acquaintance with the
changing materials and principles of build-
ing construction.
Inventors with schemes taking shape who are
interested to see whether their ideas have
been anticipated.
Workers in the Trades who desire information
regarding the latest trade developments and
how far they may share them.
Students and Apprentices who must grasp
every opportunity that shall lead to advance-
ment in their line of work.
PRATT INSTITUTE FREE LIBRARY
PLACES AT THE DISPOSAL OF EVERY VISITOR UNDER
THE GUIDANCE OF A SPECIALIST LIBRARIAN
A Working Library of more than 1200 picked
books in every branch of engineering and
technology in the latest editions available.
Current Technical Periodicals, numbering over
150, familiarly displayed on tables for con-
venient reading, with the back numbers at
hand for consultation.
Bound Sets of periodicals and transactions of
engineering societies, with comprehensive
indexes for quick reference.
Patent Office Reports complete from the be-
ginning, together with their indexes, speci-
fications and drawings.
Trade Catalogs representative of the leading
manufacturing concerns in America, careful-
ly selected and constantly added to.
Lending Books from the Circulating Depart-
ment, where selection for home reading may
be made from an extensive library of tech-
nology.
Personal Direction in the search for material
and the use of library equipment, by the
man in charge of the room.
The fourth page gives general informa-
tion about the library — its location and
street-car routes by which to reach it, the
location in the building of the applied sci-
ence room, the hours of opening, and infor-
mation on all departments free to the public.
December, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
903
REPORT ON PERIODICAL INDEXING
The committee on periodical indexing of
the Keystone State Library Association
made the following report at the annual
meeting of the association in Wernersville,
Oct. 15-17:
To the Keystone State Library Association:
The committee appointed at the 1913
meeting of the association to confer with
the H. W. Wilson Company with a view to
having them include in their indexes certain
periodicals, begs leave to report:
That it has been in almost continuous
correspondence with the Wilson Company
since the date of its appointment, and, first
of all, wishes to record its sense of the cour-
teous manner in which its recommendations
have been received.
That, in making its requests to the Wilson
Company, it endeavored to emphasize two
conditions that have obtained since the
Poole indexes have been discontinued, and
since libraries have become entirely depen-
dent upon indexes issued by the Wilson
Company, these conditions being:
First: That libraries, realizing the im-
mense importance for reference and his-
torical work, of material published in
periodicals, had for years, despite the heavy
cost involved, worked towards collecting
complete sets of those indexed in Poole, and
the sudden elimination of many of the
important ones from all indexes procurable,
rendered a great deal of their work nuga-
tory and handicapped their ability to serve
the public.
Second : That, owing to all periodicals at
the present included in the index being
either issued by American publishers or by
houses which are in greater or lesser degree
affiliated with American publishing inter-
ests, the index is to a certain extent pro-
vincial— a key to American thought rather
than that of the civilized world.
The request finally made to the Wilson
Company was that it include four typical
English periodicals, namely The Spectator,
The Saturday Review, The Academy, and
The Athenaeum. The Wilson Company,
during the time of correspondence with the
committee, sent out questionnaires to a hun-
dred or so libraries scattered all over the
states, in an endeavor to find out which
periodicals the hundred or so libraries were
most desirous of having included. The
Revue de Deux Mondes received more
votes than any other. A second question-
naire as to English reviews resulted in The
Spectator receiving more votes than any
other English periodical.
Ultimately on Sept. 23, your committee
received a letter from the Wilson Company
stating that they have definitely decided to
index as soon as possible The Spectator,
English Review, Cornhill Magazine, Dublin
Review, Geographical Journal, Revue de
Deux Mondes, Burlington Magazine, Lon-
don Quarterly Review, National Review,
and The Journal of the Royal Asiatic So-
ciety. Of these periodicals they have already
purchased the numbers of The Spectator,
English Review, and Dublin Review.
With the ideal held constantly in view of
making the index a key, not only to Amer-
ican ideas but to continental thought as
well, your committee is firmly of the opinion
that the association should go strongly on
record as advocating that, the inclusion of
The Spectator being assured, the next peri-
odicals included should be the Revue de
Deux Mondes and the Deutsche Rundschau,
both of which received large votes in the
recent referendums.
It is necessary, if library work at large
is to advance in efficiency, that the libraries
practice unselfishness. And though it is
very possible that for a number of years
some of the libraries which subscribe to
periodicals such as the Etude, Munsey and
Cosmopolitan, on the one hand, or such as
the Journal of the Franklin Institute, Jour-
nal of Educational Psychology, and the vari-
ous publications of American universities
on the other hand, would get more use out
of the index through the inclusion of these
periodicals, than they would through the
inclusion of the French and German publi-
cations mentioned, the committee believes
that the widening of this bibliographical
tool to include continental thought would,
in a short time, prove of much greater and
more lasting benefit.
The nuisance of having the index in two
parts— "The Readers' Guide" and "Read-
ers' Guide Supplement" is undoubtedly by
no means a small one, but a minor one
compared to the curtailment of its scope to
904
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[December, 1914
American periodicals. Only a large view
of the matter, only the treatment by the
libraries of the Wilson bibliographical un-
dertakings in the spirit in which they treat
bibliographical undertakings of the Amer-
ican Library Association or other non-
commercial bodies, can yield worth-while
results.
Your committee therefore awaits the
further instructions of the association.
Respectfully submitted,
MYRA POLAND.
HENRY J. CARR.
O. R. HOWARD THOMSON.
(The Association voted to continue the
committee for another year and instructed
it to make an effort to have the Revue de
Deux Mondes and the Deutsche Rundschau
included before any other magazines.)
Hmertcan Xtbrarp Hssociatton
THE 1915 CONFERENCE
The annual conference of the American Li-
brary Association will be held next year in
Berkeley, California, June 6-9.
MIDWINTER MEETINGS
The usual Chicago midwinter meetings will
be held this year, Wednesday, December 30, to
Friday, January i. Headquarters will be at
the Hotel La Salle, corner of La Salle and
Madison streets, and meetings will be held
there unless otherwise announced.
Rates at Hotel La Salle
One Person Per day
Room with detached bath $1.50 and up
Room with private bath 2.00 and up
Two Persons
Room with detached bath 3.00
Two Connecting rooms with bath
Two Persons 4.50 and up
Four Persons 7.00 and up
Make reservations direct with management
of hotel, stating time of your expected ar-
rival.
The Hotel La Salle will provide meeting
rooms and committee rooms free of charge.
Those having charge of meetings not here re-
ferred to should make arrangements for suit-
able meeting rooms direct with the hotel man-
agement or through the secretary of the A.
L. A.
Besides the well-equipped dining rooms of
the Hotel La Salle there are many restaurants
with a wide range of service and price in close
proximity to the hotel. All the leading thea-
ters are within a few blocks of the La Salle
The Executive Board will meet on Thursday
evening, December 31.
The Council will hold sessions on Wednes-
day afternoon, December 30, and Thursday af-
ternoon, December 31. Program will be
mailed later to individual members. Members
of the Council are requested to notify the
secretary of the A. L. A. whether or not they
expect to be in attendance.
The Publishing Board will meet on Thurs-
day morning, December 31, at the A. L. A.
executive office. Further notice will be sent
to individual members.
The League of Library Commissions will
meet Wednesday, Thursday and Friday morn-
ings, December 30, 31, and January i. There
will be no papers presented; the meetings will
be in the nature of a discussion or conference.
A definite list of subjects will be discussed,
one or two persons being asked to open the
discussion of each subject.
The library school faculties will hold meet-
ings on Friday morning and afternoon, Janu-
ary i.
A meeting of the college librarians of the
middle west will be held Friday morning and
a round table for librarians of small col-
leges on Friday afternoon. Correspondence
regarding this round table should be addressed
to Miss Iva M. Butlin, Beloit College Library,
Beloit, Wis.
The Chicago Library Club will entertain
visiting librarians on Wednesday evening, De-
cember 30.
There will be a meeting of normal school
and high school librarians some time during
the week. Mr. W. H. Kerr, Kansas State Nor-
mal School Library, Emporia, will be glad to
receive suggestions, topics for discussion, etc.
The annual meeting of the American His-
torical Association will be held in Chicago,
December 29-31, with headquarters at the
Auditorium Hotel, and members of the A. L.
A. will doubtless be welcome at the meetings.
Unfortunately it has not been possible to avoid
a conflict of dates between these two asso-
ciations.
GEO. B. UTLEY, Secretary,
VERMONT LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
The annual meeting of the Vermont Library
Association together with the Vermont Li-
brary Commission was held at Proctor, Ver-
mont, Oct. 20-22.
By invitation of the trustees of the Proctor
Library, the librarians met at a "get-together
supper" Tuesday evening. In this way the
December, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
905
librarians were on hand promptly for the
meeting next day, when the reports of the
county vice-presidents were read. These were
very encouraging, showing good progress in
all ways, especially with the schools. While
wild flower tables are in many libraries, two
reported garden flower exhibitions in August
which had increased the interest in gardens
and brought to the library people who were
not in the habit of coming. Very few notable
gifts were received during the year. The
most pressing problems seem to be the same
old ones — lack of money, lack of interest in
anything but fiction, and in some cases boards
of trustees who do not meet and have no in-
terest in the library. One librarian who re-
ported that she had "no problems" was the
envied of all.
Wednesday morning after the regular busi-
ness meeting a round table was held, the first
subject being "What the U. S. Department of
Agriculture can do for librarians." As a me-
dium between the department and the libraries
the county agent can be of the greatest service,
as he is the link between librarians and the
department on one side, and librarians and
farmers on the other. He knows the kind of
books the farmer and his wife will use. Some
of these agents are cleaning out the local
libraries of books that are not helpful to the
farmers and replacing with up-to-date ma-
terial. Through them bulletins of books on
agriculture and home economics that are in
the local library may be sent to each farmer
in its vicinity.
Other topics were "Some of the newer fic-
tion," "Books other than fiction," and "Maga-
zines on the 'white list.' " General discussion
followed each paper. It was found that most
of the cheaper magazines had been taken from
the reading-rooms, McClure's and Harper's
Weekly especially having been dropped this
last year. The last topic was "A simple
charging system." This has been worked out
by Miss Rebecca Wright, secretary of the Ver-
mont Library Conrnission, Montpelier, and is
especially adapted to the smaller libraries.
At the afternoon session Miss Caroline M.
Hewins of Hartford, Ct., gave a most amus-
ing and instructive paper on "Work with
children in schools, and vacation book-talks"
and Mr. Arthur Stone of Springfield, Vt, told
how to treat current events in the library
by means of the bulletin boards, pictures, best
reviews, lists of books, and current event
talks.
An interesting visit was made to the Ver-
mont Marble Company's works, where the
entire process of marble cutting after quarry-
ing was shown. Tuesday evening the Asso-
ciation was invited to see the Ben Greet
Players in "As you like it."
As during the entire meeting the Vermont
Library Association was the guest of the
Proctor Library trustees and the people of
Proctor, a sincere vote of thanks to them and
the librarian for their gracious hospitality
was passed. An invitation to meet at Rut-
land next year was received.
Officers elected were : president, George
Dana Smith, Montpelier; vice-president, Miss
Fanny Fletcher, Proctorsville ; secretary-
treasurer, Miss Elizabeth C. Hills, Lyndon-
ville. There are 91 members in the Asso-
ciation.
ELIZABETH C. HILLS, Secretary.
CONNECTICUT LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
The Connecticut Library Association held
its autumn meeting in the Norwalk Public
Library on Tuesday, Oct. 27. Dr. James G.
Gregory, president of the board of directors of
the library, welcomed the Association, after
which the minutes of the last meeting were
read and approved.
The general topic of the morning was intro-
duced by Miss Edith M. Peck, of the Rock-
ville Public Library, with a paper entitled
"How to interest and train children under
grammar grades." Miss Peck laid special em-
phasis on the importance of interesting the
teacher as well as the child. Story-telling
,forms an important part of the work at Rock-
ville.
Miss Frances H. Bickford next read a paper
on "The library in relation to the grammar
and high schools." She told of the New Haven
school branches and of the classroom libraries,
also of the use made of bulletins and the pic-
ture collection. The concluding paper, on
"Library children," was read by Gertrude F.
White, children's librarian in New Haven.
Miss Pinneo then told of the reflectroscope
used by the Norwalk Library and of the inter-
esting lectures which it had made possible dur-
ing the past winter.
In the afternoon, Mr. William A. Borden,
who for over two years was director of Baroda
State libraries, gave an account of his organ-
ization of the library system there, closing
with a plea for a central storehouse of books
bought by state money — with the cities and
villages able to borrow freely to supplement
their own collections which would be of a
more popular nature — leaving the important
but less likely to be used books to be bought by
the central library. Mrs. Borden followed with
a delightful talk on life in India.
Before coming to the general topic of the
afternoon, "Public school libraries," Mr.
906
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[December, 1914
Thayer read a letter from Miss Hall, librarian
of the Girls' High School, Brooklyn, urging
the Connecticut Library Association to appoint
a committee on high school libraries. This
ccmmittee was later appointed by the presi-
dent and consisted of Miss Hadley of Winsted,
Miss H. M. Spangler of the Hartford High
School, and Edwin A. Andrews of Greenwich.
Miss Elizabeth B. McKnight, associate libra-
rian of the Girls' High School, Brooklyn, then
read a paper on "Library work with high
school students" showing the importance not
only of reference work with the pupils but also
of influencing their choice of books. She gave
many practical suggestions for such work.
Discussion followed in which librarians from
various schools took part.
After a vote of thanks to Miss Pinneo, and
all others who had contributed to the success
of the day, the meeting adjourned.
EDITH McH. STEELE, Secretary.
KEYSTONE STATE LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
The fourteenth annual meeting of the Key-
stone State Library Association was held at
Galen Hall, Wernersville, Oct. 15-17.
The meeting was called to order by the pres-
ident, Mr. Frank Grant Lewis, librarian of
Bucknell Library, Crozer Theological Semi-
nary, Chester, and the first session on the eve-
ning of the i$th was devoted to business, the
reports of the treasurer and of the committees
on magazine indexing and library legisla-
tion. Mr. H. S. Ehrhart of Hanover, chair-
man of the committee on library legislation,
reported that his committee was of the opinion
that the present law on the subject of free pub-
lic non-sectarian libraries is entirely inade-
quate and it recommended that Home Bill 689
as submitted to the session of 1913 of the
Pennsylvania legislature be presented to the
next legislature and its passage urged by the
members of the association. Mr. O. R. How-
ard Thomson, chairman of the committee on
magazine indexing, gave a satisfactory report
on the work of his committee during the year.
(This report will be found in full elsewhere in
this issue.) After the appointment of com-
mittees, the informal social and "get acquaint-
ed" session followed, which is always a most
enjoyable feature of the meetings.
The Friday morning session was devoted to
the consideration of fiction for the public
library, Miss Corinne Bacon, former director
of the Drexel Institute Library School and
now with the H. W. Wilson Co., presiding.
"The characteristics of the French novel" was
the first subject, which was handled in a
most able and interesting manner by Mrs.
Isaac H. Rhoads of Lansdowne. Mrs. Rhoads
made a plea for an open-minded consideration
of the French novel, pointing out the differ-
ence in the French viewpoint from that of the
American, and urging a wider reading of
the best in that language. She was followed
by Miss Bacon, who spoke in a most helpful
way on "How to select fiction for public libra-
ries," defining an immoral novel, touching on
the problems of selection for the large and
small libraries, and suggesting some of the
principles to guide in the selection and some
of the dependable aids.
The selection of fiction in a large public
library was discussed by Miss Waller I. Bul-
lock, chief of the loan department of the Car-
negie Library of Pittsburgh, who told of the
methods employed in that system, where every
novel is read by some member of the staff,
who reports on it at the regular staff meet-
ings. "The problem of the medium sized
public library" was discussed by Miss Alice
R. Eaton, librarian of the Harrisburg Public
Library, who said that they were such a new
library that their choice had been determined
by need rather than intention, that the books
were read by the staff, and that they were
mindful of the recreative effect of fiction and
had bought many books of imagination and
stimulation. Miss Anna A. MacDonald, con-
sulting librarian of the Pennsylvania Free
Library Commission, then told of the selec-
tion of fiction in the very small public libra-
ries where there are just as many classes of
readers as in a city, with little money for
books. She suggested reading committees
made up of members of the boards of trustees
or of different classes of readers, and the
sending of lists to the commission for check-
ing. She was followed by Miss Clara E. Fan-
ning of the H. W. Wilson Co., who spoke of
the several fiction lists printed by the com-
pany for the purpose of drawing readers from
the new fiction to the older, worth-while
books, also of the Wilson experiment of the
co-operative printing of fiction catalogs.
Miss Mary White Ovington of Brooklyn,
New York, then discussed the subject of
"Fiction — from the borrower's standpoint,"
speaking of the change in the library attitude
during the years of its development from the
time when the librarian congratulated him-
self at the end of the day that every book was
in its place, to the present time when the aim
of the library is to circulate every volume on
the shelves. She made an appeal for the
reading of the classics, modern drama, and
poetry, and the better magazines ; for a greater
expenditure of the libraries' funds on the best
children's books, freely duplicated ; and for an
open-minded attitude on the part of libra-
December, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
907
nans towards the selection of books for their
shelves; and she closed by stating that, in
her opinion, the card catalog was to a bor-
rower the most unsatisfactory thing about a
library.
Friday afternoon was left open for recrea-
tion and the delegates had this opportunity to
enjoy for a few hours the wonderful moun-
tain walks and scenery.
The first speaker of the evening was Miss
Alice S. Tyler, director of the Western Re-
serve Library School, Cleveland, Ohio, whose
subject was "The widening field and the open
book." Miss Tyler spoke of the widening
field of library endeavor, of the library com-
missions, and of the larger view of the func-
tions of the individual libraries (the rural ex-
tension and county library systems) ; and sug-
gested ways of "opening" the book, by story
hours for adults, travel talks with pictures,
hours with the poets, and the free use of the
lecture room for all subjects.
Miss Tyler was followed by Dr. Samuel
McChord Crothers, of Cambridge, Mass., on
the subject of "The therapeutic value of
books." Dr. Crothers, in his delightfully hu-
morous manner, divided books into several
classes according to their effect upon their
readers — the stimulants, depressants, seda-
tives, and counter-irritants. He declared that
librarians should treat the people who come
to the library as patients who come with
various kinds of maladies, mostly suffering
from mal-nutrition, and that they should
watch the effect of different books ; that people
need various kinds of books, not only those
that stimulate, but the sedative books that
bring a certain harmony with life, and what
is one man's stimulant is another man's seda-
tive.
Dr. Scott Nearing, of the University of
Pennsylvania, was the principal speaker of
the Saturday morning session, giving a most
interesting address on the subject of "Some
recent developments in social and economic
literature." Dr. N-aring spoke of the revolu-
tion in the subject matter and the viewpoint
of social science, and reminded librarians of
the great responsibility that rests upon them
as guardians of the storehouse of knowledge,
saying in closing: "In so far as your library
seeks to be a force in shaping the civic and
social life of your community, see to it that
the social and economic books on your shelves
represent the modern viewpoint of social ser-
vice; treat the possibilities of social ameliora-
tion in terms of living reality; and present
the message, as it should and can be pre-
sented, in the language of the people."
Dr. Nearing was followed by Miss Caroline
Griest, reference librarian of the Erie Public
Library, who gave a paper on "The relation
of the library to social movements," emphasiz-
ing the duty of the library to create a senti-
ment in favor of any social movement for the
betterment of mankind. Miss Alice S. Tyler
spoke briefly of the Western Reserve Library
School and of the three months' course, dur-
ing February, March and April, to which
librarians of training and experience who are
in the work can come without examinations
and without credit, to gain in enthusiasm and
to broaden their outlook.
After the reports of several committees,
among them being the report of the commit-
tee on normal training in the use of books by
Miss Mabel F. McCarnes of the Slippery
Rock State Normal School, the association
confirmed the two recommendations made to
it by the executive committee: first, that Dr.
Horace E. Hayden, in recognition of the work
done by him as secretary and librarian of the
Wyoming Historical and Geological Society
of Wilkes-Barre, be made an honorary mem-
ber of the association for life; and second,
that a handbook of the Keystone State Library
Association, including the history, constitu-
tion, and list of members, be printed during
the coming year, the publication to be carried
on under the direction of the executive com-
mittee of the coming year.
The nominating committee made the fol-
lowing report: for president, Mr. W. F.
Stevens, librarian of the Carnegie Library,
Homestead ; vice-president, Mr. O. R. Howard
Thomson, librarian of the James V. Brown
Library, Williamsport ; secretary, Mabel N.
Champlin, librarian of the Public Library,
Hanover; treasurer, Miss Anna A. MacDon-
ald, consulting librarian of the Pennsylvania
Free Library Commission.
MABEL N. CHAMPLIN, Secretary.
MICHIGAN STATE TEACHERS ASSOCIATION-
LIBRARY SECTION
The importance of the library as a part of
the educational machinery of the people was
well recognized in the 62d annual meeting of
the Michigan State Teachers Association,
which was held at Kalamazoo, October 28, 29,
30. The session of the Library Section was
held on Friday morning, and was attended by
several hundred persons. Dr. Charles H.
Eastman, the well-known Indian author, gave
a most interesting address on the "Education
of the Indian child," paying a wonderful
tribute to the Indian mother, and showing the
place of the story in such education. Miss
Caroline Burnite, of the Cleveland Public
Library, gave an address on "Children's read-
908
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[December, 1914
ing," which was followed by a general discus-
sion in which many persons took part.
At one of the evening sessions devoted to
rural education, Mr. Samuel H. Ranck, of
Grand Rapids, gave an illustrated address on
"City library service to the farmer." Most
of the slides shown were from photographs
taken by himself in his visits to libraries giv-
ing service to the rural population in different
parts of the country.
The Library Section elected as its officers
for the ensuing year: Miss Nina K. Preston,
of Ionia, chairman; and Mr. David E. Heine-
mann, a member of the State Board of Li-
brary Commissioners, of Detroit, secretary.
ILLINOIS LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
The Illinois Library Association held its
nineteenth annual meeting at Springfield, Oct.
21-23.
The opening session was called to order by
the president, F. K. W. Drury, who in his
address said that as the primary purpose of
the organization of the association had been
fulfilled in the establishment of the State
Library Extension Commission, the associa-
tion must exert itself along other needed
lines and suggested four important steps to
be taken in the immediate future: (i) To
secure needed library legislation in Illinois;
(2) To correlate library meetings so as to
avoid duplication ; (3) To endorse the work
of the Library Extension Commission ; (4) To
work out still closer affiliation with the
A. L. A.
The reports of the officers and committees
were presented, including one on the revision
of the constitution, and accepted.
At its general meetings there were speak-
ers of prominence and these sessions were
attended by many local people not directly
connected with libraries, in this way spread-
ing the knowledge of the usefulness of the
library to the community.
The social service rendered by the library
and its use in the social survey work were
Subjects touched upon by several of the
speakers. Among them, Prof. Robert E.
Hieronymus, community adviser, University
of Illinois, spoke of "The community cen-
ter"; Miss Florence R. Curtis of the Univer-
sity of Illinois Library School, of the "Libra-
ry's part in the social survey" ; Dr. Walter
Dill Scott of Northwestern University of the
"Psychology of the rising generation."
Of direct interest to the librarians present
were the papers presented by Miss Nellie E.
Parham of the Withers Public Library,
Bloomington, giving a "White list of period-
icals for a public library"; by Henry C. Re-
mann of the Lincoln Library at Springfield on
"The libraries of Springfield"; and by Henry
E. Legler of the Chicago Public Library on
"Shall we urge county libraries on Illinois."
Considerable discussion followed the last ad-
dress, and a motion was passed commending
the county library plan to the incoming legis-
lature.
The legislative committee presented the
following recommendations :
"i. An amendment increasing the tax rate
so as to allow the levy of two mills generally
and 1.2 mills for cities over 100,000.
"2. An amendment requiring the library
board to certify the annual budget for the
council.
"3. An amendment to the commission gov-
ernment act requiring a separate library board
to be appointed by the commissioners similar
to the library board under the regular library
act.
"We recommend that these three amend-
ments selected by your legislative committee
out of many that might be endorsed, be re-
ferred to a new legislative committee to be
appointed by the incoming president, and that
they be pushed in the next legislature.
"In regard to the situation at Springfield,
we also ask that the Association endorse the
recommendation of the legislative committee
as follows :
"We recommend, namely, that a library
board be authorized to consist of seven mem-
bers, five to be appointed by the governor for
a term of five years, one to retire each year,
together with two ex-officio members, the gov-
ernor and the secretary of state; that this
board receive no pay for its services ; that it
have charge of the various library interests of
the state at Springfield, and also care for
library interests throughout the state."
The round table for small libraries was con-
ducted by Miss Anna May Price, secretary of
the Library Extension Commission. "Chil-
dren's books suggested for Christmas pur-
chase" was discussed by Miss Eva Cloud of
the Public Library, Kewanee, and a list pre-
sented. This list has been printed by the com-
mission and is for distribution.
Miss Josie Houchens of the University of
Illinois Library considered "Periodicals for a
small library" and gave a list of 22 with their
list price, the estimated discount, and cost of
binding.
"Simplification of the accession book" was
taken up by Miss Florence R. Curtis, who said
that the only necessary items were author,
title, publisher, and cost, and that the prefer-
able style of book was the loose leaf one,
which permitted the use of the typewriter.
December, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
909
Other subjects discussed were the "Deface-
ment and mutilation of books," and "How
many books should be issued on a reader's
card."
The reference librarians' round table was
conducted by Earl N. Manchester of the read-
er's department, University of Chicago Libra-
ries.
The Trustees' Association held a special
session and discussed thoroughly the legisla-
tion needed and the best way to get it. Their
recommendation may be found in the report
of the legislative committee. Officers of the
Trustees' Association elected for the ensuing
year are: president, J. L. O'Donnell, Joliet;
secretary and treasurer, Miss Eugenia Allin,
Decatur. The trustees' committee on legisla-
tion appointed were: John R. Jones, Carmi;
John W. Downey, Joliet; Arthur R. Haley,
Rockford; and Anna E. Felt, Galena.
At the general session on Thursday Miss
Frances Simpson of the University of Illinois
Library School gave a sincere and appreciative
tribute to the late Katharine L. Sharp, whose
whole professional service was given to the
libraries of Illinois and who was ever active
in the work of the I. L. A., in securing proper
legislation, and in fact in anything that made
for the betterment of library conditions. On
Friday an exposition of the story hour was
given by Mrs. Gudrun Thorne-Thomsen to a
large and interested audience.
Springfield's seven libraries proved interest-
ing to the visitors, and the local committee at-
tended well to the comfort and entertainment
of the members of the association. The diver-
sions included an informal reception at the
State Library, a personally conducted auto-
mobile tour of the city's parks and places of
historic interest, and a social hour at the
Lincoln Library, where tea was served under
the supervision of Miss Ida F. Wright with
the aid of the Camp Fire Girls.
All sessions were held in the State House,
but all the libraries were open for inspection
at all times and greetings were received from
Mrs. Eva May Fowler on behalf of the State
Library, Dr. A. R. Crook for the State Na-
tural History Museum, Miss Anna May Price
for the Extension Commission, Mrs. Jessie
Palmer Weber for the State Historical Li-
brary, and Finley A. Bell for the State Legis-
lative Reference Bureau.
The A. L. A. was represented by the secre-
tary, George B. Utley, who made a short ad-
dress on Thursday evening.
Election of officers resulted as follows:
president, Miss Mary Eileen Ahern, Chicago;
vice-president, Ida F. Wright, Springfield;
secretary, Maud A. Parsons, Joliet; treasurer,
Mary J. Booth, Charleston ; council (terms to
expire 1917), Effie A. Lansden, Cairo, and
Henry E. Legler, Chicago.
MAUD A. PARSONS, Secretary.
KANSAS LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
The Kansas Library Association held its
fourteenth annual meeting in Topeka, Oct.
28-30. In point of attendance this was the
best meeting ever held, seventy librarians and
members of library boards registering. The
meetings were held with the Kansas State
Historical Society in the Memorial building,
and much interest was manifested by the asso-
ciation in the arrangement of this handsome
structure.
The first session was called to order Wed-
nesday, Oct. 28, at 2:30 o'clock, by the presi-
dent, James L. King. His address was brief
and was in the nature of a history of the
Kansas Library Association, whose first presi-
dent he was. He told the story of the organ-
ization of the association and gave something
of the struggle of the pioneer workers. He
spoke of the esprit de corps which held them,
and has continued to hold them, until to-day
the fruits are shown in the increased mem-
bership and attendance of the K. L. A.
There were at the meeting, besides Mr.
King, two librarians who had been present at
the organization of the K. L. A. — Miss Carrie
M. Watson, Kansas University, and Miss
Mary L. Barlow, Fort Scott. At the close of
Mr. King's address Miss Watson added some
delightful personal reminiscences of the first
meetings of the K. L. A., and antedated its
organization by an earlier one in 1891, when
the Kansas Library Association, consisting of
four members, all officers, and the city of
Topeka, entertained the American Library
Association on its return from the San Fran-
cisco meeting of that year. Miss Francis,
State Historical Library, added that a copy of
the welcoming pamphlet addressed to the
A. L. A. was upstairs in the Historical Library
and could be produced momentarily to prove
the birth and heartiness of the Kansas library
spirit.
After the reports of the secretary and treas-
urer had been read and approved, a symposium
of wishes followed in response to roll call.
Each librarian was asked to express one
paramount wish for his or her library. This
brought out a bewildering list of "library
wants." "Increased income" and "more shelv-
ing" were the popular desires, the wishes
generally showing that practically every
building erected five years ago had been out-
grown. One librarian wanted "more light,
artificial and mental"; another wisely wished
9io
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[December, 1914
"to give satisfaction," whereat a ripple of
mirth ran over the hearers who knew the im-
possibility of such a thing. Mr. King's wish
was so generous that it should go on record
as his own, "that all the wishes expressed to-
day may come true."
At the end of the afternoon session the
members were asked to go across to the rooms
of the Traveling Library, where Mrs. Green,
assisted by the wives of the justices of the
Supreme Court, was serving afternoon tea.
Wednesday evening was devoted to a social
gathering and "visiting bee." There was a
short program consisting of music, a "story
hour" and "Young Lochinvar," a throbbing
tragedy. To the relief of the Topeka libraries
this last received honorable mention in the
"thank-you resolutions."
Thursday morning a visit was made to the
state printing plant, where, through the cour-
tesy of the state printer, a demonstration was
given of printing, binding, and book-making.
At ten o'clock the meeting convened in Memo-
rial building and listened to a delightful talk
from Mr. Purd B. Wright, a member of the
Kansas Library Association by adoption.
"Some broad methods of interesting the pub-
lic" was his topic. The question of advertis-
ing and reaching every class of citizen was
thoroughly discussed. One of Mr. Wright's
suggestions was that the best way to reach a
business man was through his end of business
— interesting the banker through books on
banking, and the insurance man through books
on insurance. After Mr. Wright's address
the report of the work of the publicity com-
mittee was made through its chairman and
unanimously approved. The association then
adjourned for a motor trip to interesting
places about Topeka. A short visit was made
to the Washburn College Library and later
the automobiles returned the guests to a lunch-
eon at the Mills tea-room, a courtesy of the
Topeka Public Library.
The afternoon session was called to order
at three o'clock, when Mr. C. E. Rush gave an
address on "Practical affairs in a public
library." His talk was along lines to interest
the librarians keenly, and much valuable dis-
cussion succeeded it, Mr. Rush submitting to a
fire of questions which would have perplexed
a man less sure of his subject. At the close
of the afternoon session a tour of Memorial
building was made, disclosing all the dark
secrets of a hurried "moving-in." Apples and
candy were found in the reading room of the
library, for the Kansas library spirit takes into
serious account the library stomach.
Thursday evening Dr. Walter Burr of the
rural service department, Kansas State Agri-
cultural College, talked to the librarians on
"The new rural community." He told them
how they might help in this movement and
what a few of them had already done. His
commendation of the work of the Traveling
Libraries Commission was hearty and sincere.
Miss Linna Bresette followed Dr. Burr with a
talk on "The wage earning woman and the
factory." Miss Bresette asked for co-operation
from the public libraries in her work, and ex-
plained how much there was to do for these
girls who paid $5 for a hat because they did
not know how to get a cheaper one, and
wanted pretty shoes because they could have
only one pair, and so bought satin pumps.
Miss Bradford, of Topeka, closed the evening
with a delightful reading from William Allen
White's "Court of Boyville."
The Friday morning session was a divided
one, the first half being the demonstration, in
.the State Library, on the use of the library by
the pupils of the public school, Miss Dinsmoor
using a class from the Topeka High School
for the work. Afterwards coffee and cakes
were served and the meeting adjourned to
Memorial Hall, where Miss Grace M. Leaf, of
the State Normal Library, Emporia, told how
she organized the special library of the Wis-
consin State Board of Control. This was fol-
lowed by a business session, with the election
of officers, reports of committees and selection
of a meeting place for 1915.
The following were the officers elected for
the ensuing year: President, Mrs. Belle Curry,
Parsons; first vice-president, Mr. James L.
King, Topeka; second vice-president, Miss
Kathryn Cossitt, Wichita; third vice-presi-
dent, Miss Mary C. Lee, Manhattan ; secre-
tary, Miss Adelaide Bolmar, Topeka; treas-
-urer, Mr. I. R. Bundy, Leavenworth ; member-
at-large, Miss Hattie Osborne, Baldwin.
Wichita was selected as the next meeting
place, and after the transaction of other busi-
ness, including an arangement to print a new
handbook of Kansas libraries, the meeting
adjourned.
CLARA FRANCIS, Secretary.
NEBRASKA LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
The twentieth annual meeting of the Ne-
braska Library Association was held in Ge-
neva, Oct. 19-21. The first session was opened
by the president, Mrs. Elizabeth O'Linn
Smith, on Monday at 3.30 p. m. After the
business meeting, reports from the librarians
present were given, showing increased activi-
ties since last year.
At the evening session, a report of the
A. L. A. meeting was given; also an illus-
trated talk by Miss Charlotte Templeton on
December, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
911
"Public libraries in Nebraska." In this ad-
dress, Miss Templeton showed the growth of
the library movement in Nebraska by telling
when the libraries were organized and when
the present buildings were erected.
"Extension of library privileges to the rural
communities" was discussed Tuesday morn-
ing. Mrs. F. A. Long, of Madison, Nebraska,
discussed the "County library," using Kern
county, California, as a basis for her talk.
Kern county has thirty-two branch libraries,
deposit and delivery stations. She urged that
as good work could be done in the counties
of Nebraska, and hoped that the librarians
would use their influence for county libraries.
Miss Edith Tobitt, of Omaha, told of the
work done at Dundee, Florence, Benson, and
Ralston. These suburban towns pay an annual
tax to the city of Omaha, and, in return, have
full privileges of the Omaha Public Library.
Messengers carry books to the deposit stations
every other day, thus giving good service, al-
though daily trips will be made as soon as
possible. Other towns of Nebraska may do
the same work for nearby villages.
Under the Nebraska library law a town-
ship may establish a township library or it
may contract with an adjoining town for the
free use of the library, by paying a township
tax levy. "The value of the township library"
was presented by Rev. Thomas Griffiths, of
Edgar. The efficiency of the township library
would be greater, because the librarian could
come in closer touch with all patrons and the
rural schools. Co-operation with the county
superintendent and the rural teachers was
given as the key to the founding of more
township libraries. All counties in Nebraska
do not have township organization, and in
such counties, county libraries must be
formed. Most libraries allow the rural popu-
lation privileges of the library upon payment
of a yearly fee. The library commission sup-
plies such demands as come to it, but effi-
cient work can best be given when rural com-
munities have organization of their own. Dur-
ing the discussion which followed Mr. H. E.
Legler, of Chicago, told of the work done in
the suburban towns of Chicago. Each libra-
rian was urged to use her influence to bring
about some form of extension of privileges.
At the afternoon session, the girls' orchestra
of the State Industrial School gave a very in-
teresting musical program, which was fol-
lowed by an address by Mr. Malcolm G. Wyer
of the University Library, on "Librarians' in-
terest in book illustration." In addition to a
collection of mounted illustrations, lantern
slides were used. The special address of the
meeting was given by Mr. Henry E. Legler
of the Chicago Public Library on "The library
and the melting pot." In his address, he
emphasized the influence of libraries in mak-
ing American citizens of the immigrant popu-
lation.
At the business meeting Wednesday morn-
ing Mr. M. G. Wyer was elected alternate to
attend the A. L. A. meeting, 1915. The follow-
ing officers were elected : Miss Nellie Williams,
Geneva, president; Mr. Malcolm G. Wyer,
Lincoln, first vice-president ; Miss Clara How-
ard, Columbus, second vice-president; Miss
Josephine Lammers, Lincoln, secretary-
treasurer.
The rest of the morning was given to a
valuable round table conducted by Miss Edith
Tobitt.
JOSEPHINE LAMMERS, Secretary.
SOUTHERN WORCESTER LIBRARY CLUB
The Southern Worcester Library Club held
its eighteenth meeting in Framingham. Ow-
ing to repairs in process at the library build-
ing, the session was held in the rooms of the
Sketch and Camera Club.
Records of the May meeting were read and
approved. At roll call, sixteen libraries were
represented in the audience of twenty-six.
Mr. Stebbins, chairman of the Framingham
trustees, cordially welcomed the club. Miss
Franklin, chairman of the nominating com-
mittee, presented the following list of offi-
cers for the ensuing year, and they were
elected: President, Mrs. E. M. Arnold, Ash-
land; first vice-president, Miss Ethelwyn
Blake, Milford; second vice-president, Miss
Blanche E. Partridge, Holliston; secretary,
Miss Lucy W. Biscoe, Grafton. Miss Sorn-
borger, in her report of the Stockbridge meet-
ing, said it was one of the best she ever at-
tended, as it had the larger character of a
national meeting.
Mrs. Whittemore, of Hudson, spoke on
"Some advantages of the small library." She
said she was keenly alive to the disadvan-
tages of the small library, but she knew there
were distinct advantages also. The selection
of books for a small library is a greater
problem than for a large one, as resources
are generally limited, yet a small library may
have a larger percentage of excellence. This
is one way the large library can help the
small one, by advising the best book on a
subject to buy, and by loaning from its larger
collection. In a small library, the librarian
can know her people and her books, whereas
the larger library is often handicapped by
wealth of material and size of patronage. A
large library has many rules that must be
enforced, while a small library has a distinct
912
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[December, 1914
advantage in fewer rules and those as elastic
as possible. In speaking of publicity, she said
the best advertisement for a library is a satis-
fied patron. She spoke of the great assist-
• ance a small library might receive from the
Free Public Library Commission, which is
always ready to give expert advice.
Miss Moore, of the English department of
the Framingham Normal School, spoke of her
work in reading. She based her remarks on
papers which her girls had written about their
choice of books. No one reported a liking for
history and not many for poetry. Preferences
were expressed for biography, travel, current
topics in newspapers and magazines, and fic-
tion. Of standard fiction, Dickens and Scott
were preferred to Thackeray. Historical
novels received high praise because of their
power to enliven history. Of recent fiction
mention was made of "The rosary," "T. Tem-
barom," "Girl of the Limberlost," "Secret gar-
den," "Pollyanna," and the books of Marion
Crawford and Joseph Lincoln. Children's
books were favorites with many of the girls,
in fact, the juniors are urged to read plenty
of children's books. They are also urged to
read one standard author thoroughly that they
may know a certain style.
Mrs. E. M. Arnold, of Ashland, gave an
interesting report of her European trip this
summer. She gave vivid pen pictures of the
principal places visited, then described how
her party ran from the Germans.
A rising vote of thanks was given the speak-
ers and the librarian and trustees of the
Framingham Library.
NEW YORK LIBRARY CLUB
THE second meeting of the year was held in
the auditorium of the Merchants Association
in the Woolworth building, Thursday, Nov. 12,
at 2:45 p. m., President Jenkins in the chair
and present also 310 members and guests. The
minutes of the meeting of October 8 were
approved, and nine new members elected.
President Jenkins then introduced the
speaker of the afternoon, Dr. Frederick A.
Cleveland, director of the Bureau of Munici-
pal Research, who gave an interesting account
of the beginning and development of the bu-
reau. Though many committees, he said, had
investigated and made reports on different
portions of the administrative machinery no
one knew how New York city was organized
as a corporation, what it was doing, and
what results it was getting. To get at these
facts in a non-partisan way, in 1906 Dr. Cleve-
land drafted a prospectus for an agency to
ascertain these facts. As an experiment R.
Fulton Cutting gave $1,000 a month to find
out what a citizen's agency equipped with a
staff could do. The first investigation which
was carried through proved the efficiency of
the bureau, and it was later placed on a
$100,000 basis.
The method of the bureau is to get at the
facts and then to lay them before the offi-
cial involved, giving him an opportunity to
correct conditions before publishing them.
Frequently the official does not know the
facts and could not make the changes without
this information. The idea is that the bureau
owes it to the officer to bring the facts to his
attention first, so as to give him an opportun-
ity to make needed changes and to give him
intelligent citizen co-operation in improving
conditions before giving the information to the
newspapers for wide publicity.
Other communities have asked for the help
of the bureau, Philadelphia being the first.
The help was given and now Philadelphia has
a bureau of its own which has been remark-
ably successful.
There are now twenty bureaus organized in
the United States and Canada and recommen-
dations have been made to about forty-three
cities. Owing to the number of requests for
trained workers from outside places the bu-
reau now has a training school for public ser-
vice.
ELEANOR H. FRICK, Secretary.
MISSOURI VALLEY LIBRARY CLUB
Fifty persons from Kansas City, Mo., Kan-
sas City, Kan., and Independence, Mo., all of
whom are connected in some manner with li-
brary work, met at the public library in
Kansas City, Oct. 21, and took preliminary
steps toward the formation of what is to be
known as the Missouri Valley Library Club.
Mrs. Rosa M. Hibbard, librarian of the Kansas
City Medical Library Club, was named as
chairman pro tern and Miss Irene Gentry of
Kansas City (Mo.) Public Library, temporary
secretary. Superintendent I. I. Cammack
talked of the work of the public schools.
TORONTO LIBRARY INSTITUTE
The annual meeting of the City of Toronto
Library Institute was held in the Public
Reference Library on Friday afternoon and
evening, Nov. 6. There were one hundred
and twenty-five delegates present. The out-
of-town guest on this occasion was Miss
Mary Hall of the Girls' High School, Brook-
lyn, N. Y. She told of what was being
done in the development of high school libra-
ries and the possibilities of co-operation with
public libraries. It was a splendid address
and was discussed by Dr. James L. Hughes,
December, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
913
ex-superintendent of schools. Others who
spoke were Mr. W. J. Sykes of the Ottawa
Public Library on "What books are being
read by boys and girls in high school," dis-
cussion being opened by Principal Gray of
Oakwood School and Principal Gavin of
Windsor. Professor Tracy of the Univer-
sity of Toronto and Mr. Crocker spoke on
"Co-operation of the public library with the
Sunday school libraries of the city." The
president, Mr. George H. Locke, spoke on the
social survey of Toronto which was in
progress by the assistant librarians. The
officers elected were: President, Professor A.
E. Lang of Victoria College Library; vice-
president, Principal Gray of Oakwood High
School; secretary, Miss Eva Davis of the
Public Library. The executive committee
represents the libraries of Royal Canadian In-
stitute, Normal School, Public School,
Academy of Medicine, and Children's Depart-
ment of Public Library, Sunday School Asso-
ciation.
Scboois
NEW YORK STATE LIBRARY SCHOOL
The following names should be added to the
list of seniors published in the November
LIBRARY JOURNAL. The school enrollment is
now 49: 22 seniors and 27 juniors.
Bayer, Edna Elizabeth, Rochester, N. Y., B.S.,
University of Rochester, 1913.
I^yrne, Paul R., Chittenango, N. Y., Ph.B., Notre
Dame University, 1913; cataloger, Notre Dame Uni-
versity Library, 1907-13; summer assistant, Buffalo
Public Library, July-Sept., 1914.
The advanced course in library buildings
which was suspended on Mr. Eastman's resig-
nation in 1912, has been resumed under the
direction of Mr. William R. Watson.
Mr. and Mrs. Walter entertained the faculty
and students on the afternoon of Election day,
Nov. 3.
A series of trips to near-by points of inter-
est has been planned by the students ; the first,
a visit to the United States Arsenal at Water-
vliet, was made Saturday, Nov. 7. A student
club, "The Library Round Table," has also
been organized, chiefly for the discussion of
current topics of interest to librarians. The
first meeting was held Tuesday, Nov. 10. Miss
Helen M. Claflin (1914) is president of the
club and Miss Emily L. Gilfillan (1915) is
secretary.
Junior class officers for the present school
year are: president, Ralf P. Emerson; vice-
president, Helen M. Laws ; secretary-treasurer,
Adelaide H. Grenside.
F. K. WALTER.
PRATT INSTITUTE SCHOOL OF LIBRARY
SCIENCE
The annual reception given to the incoming
class by the Graduates' Association was held
on Thursday evening, Nov. 5, in the north
class-room. There were more than 80 present,
representing all of the classes from 1891 to
1915 with the exception of the classes of 1893,
1899, 1910, and 1912. Several of the gradu-
ates came from some distance, Madison, Engle-
wood, Jersey City, Yonkers, and New Haven
sending representatives. No formal entertain-
ment was atempted but a display of the class
photographs from 1896 down created no little
interest and amusement.
Prof. A. S. Root, librarian of Oberlin Col-
lege, Oberlin, Ohio, spoke to the students
Nov. 10, on the library as a co-operative and
inspirational factor in community life.
Mr. George B. Utley, secretary of the Amer-
ican Library Association, addressed the class
Nov. 12, on the history and work of the Asso-
ciation.
The class of 1915 effected an organization
Oct. 16, electing as president Miss Mildred
Maynard of Williamsport, Pa., and as secre-
tary Miss Myra W. Buell of St. Paul, Minn
ALUMNI NOTES
Miss Caroline L. Jones, 1913, who has been
assistant in the library of the Young Women's
Christian Association of Brooklyn, has been
made head of the Hazelwood branch of the
Pittsburgh Public Library.
Miss Ella B. Cook, 1914, who went to the
Trenton Public Library as head of a branch,
has been made reference librarian at the main
library.
Miss Madalene F. Dow, 1914, who substitut-
ed at Columbia during the sumer, has become
a cataloger in the library of Columbia Uni-
versity.
JOSEPHINE ADAMS RATHBONE,
Vice-Director.
LIBRARY SCHOOL OF NEW YORK PUBLIC
LIBRARY
Senior lectures since the first fortnight's re-
port have been as follows :
School and college library course:
Mary E. Hall, on "Training in books in high
schools" ; "The high school situation" ; "Ad-
ministration of the high school library" ; (eve-
ning lectures, one given at the Girl's High
School, Brooklyn.)
Freeman F. Burr, on the "Literature of biol-
ogy, and of chemistry."
Advance reference and cataloging course:
Freeman F. Burr, on the "Literature of biol-
ogy, and of chemistry."
Catherine S. Tracey, "History of printing,"
(first two lectures of course).
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[December, 1914
Administration course:
Frederick W. Jenkins, on "Education and
treatment of defectives, delinquents and in-
corrigibles," and on "Public health."
Annie C. Moore, on "Selection of books for
children" (first two lectures of course).
Children's librarians course
Frederick W. Jenkins, on "Education and
treatment of defectives, delinquents and incor-
rigibles."
Annie C. Moore, on "Selection of books for
children."
Practice in selection of editions has been
given the two latter classes, and tests have been
given on Mr. Jenkins* lectures.
The juniors have had lectures from visiting
lecturers as follows :
October 21, Dr. N. Krishna, "Modern educa-
tion in India, and the modern literature of In-
dia."
October 30, Frederick W. Jenkins, "The li-
brary as a civic factor."
November 4, in the morning, Claude G. Le-
land, on "The public school system of New
York City"; in the afternoon, a recital by
Nicholas Vachel Lindsay, of some of his
poems, including "The Congo," "The eagle
that is forgotten," and "General William Booth
enters into Heaven."
Dr. and Mme. Krishna met the school at an
informal reception after his lecture, and Mr.
and Mrs. Jenkins were guests of the school at
a Hallowe'en party given by the Alumni As-
sociation to the entering class the evening of
October 30.
The Alumni Association has inaugurated an
"at home" evening, in room 73 of the school
quarters, the I2th of each month during the
school-year. The first meeting took the form
of a reception to the recently married alumni,
their wives and husbands.
At five o'clock, three days a week, the women
of the junior class are having a sewing and
knitting-bee under Miss Sutliff's direction, for
the benefit of European refugees and non-
combatants.
The Thanksgiving recess will begin at one
o'clock November 25, sessions being resumed
the following Monday.
MARY W. PLUMMER, Principal.
SIMMONS COLLEGE LIBRARY SCHOOL
In November the two outside lecturers were
Prof. Root and Miss Sawyer. The latter spoke
of the work for the blind in the Perkins Insti-
tution. The former, in "Some impressions of
European libraries," made them far more real
to those privileged to listen. Prof. Root spent
November 5-6 examining the school on behalf
of the A. L. A. committee on library training.
Visits were made during November to the
Boston Book Company, the Perkins Institution
for the Blind, and, in Worcester, to the libra-
ries of Clark University, the Antiquarian So-
ciety, and the Worcester Public Library.
The "Better books of the year" exhibit has
been an attraction to draw students and in-
structors to Paine's frequently.
POSITIONS
Martha Bailey, 1914, was appointed in June
in the Library of the Bureau of Education,
Washington.
Edith Brown, 1914, is an assistant in the
Howard University Library, Washington,
D. C.
Alice Day, C II, 1913-14, became an assist-
ant in the Smith College Library, Novem-
ber i.
Elva Greef, 1913-14, is substituting for the
librarian of the Public Library, Manchester,
la.
Mildred Page, 1914, is in the Utica (N. Y.)
Public Library.
Marian Small, 1914, was with the Massa-
chusetts Library Commission during Septem-
ber in reorganization work at Braintree, and
in October was appointed in the reference
catalog division of the New York Public
Library.
Katharine Warren, 1914, is assisting in re-
organization work on the West Springfield
Public Library catalog.
Esther S. Chapin, 1913, has been appointed
in the New York Public Library.
Elsie Wells, 1910, has been appointed to a
position in the Somerville Public Library,
which recently gave a civil service examina-
tion for assistants.
JUNE RICHARDSON DONNELLY.
CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH— TRAIN-
ING SCHOOL FOR CHILDREN'S LIBRARIANS
The following courses are scheduled for the
autumn term :
Junior: Reference work, Miss Stewart;
classification, Miss Mann; book selection, Miss
Elva Smith, Miss Power, and Miss Whiteman;
seminar for periodical review, Miss McGirr;
story-telling, Mrs. Thorne-Thomsen and Miss
Whiteman; library handwriting and printing,
Miss Groft.
Senior: Book selection, Miss Elva Smith;
cataloging, Miss Elva Smith.
A schedule of 15 hours of practice work
each week in the various divisions of the
children's department is required of the junior
class. Two periods of three hours each dur-
ing the term are taken from this schedule for
practice work in the reference department.
December, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
915
The senior class is scheduled for 15 periods
of three hours each for practice work in the
catalog department. The junior class has
matriculated at the University of Pittsburgh
for a course in "Games and plays."
On October 28 the Training School was for-
tunate in having as its guests Mr. and Mrs.
Andrew Carnegie, who both addressed the
school.
The junior class has organized and elected
the following officers: Margaret Jean Clay,
president; Harriet W. Leaf, vice-president;
Lenore Townsend, secretary and treasurer.
SARAH C. N. BOGLE, Director.
WESTERN RESERVE LIBRARY SCHOOL
NEWS NOTES
The reception given for the class of 1915 by
the faculty of the Library School on the eve-
ning of Nov. 2, brought together a large num-
ber of the graduates residing in Cleveland and
a few from nearby cities. The class has
organized by the election of officers, appoint-
ment of committees, etc. The new practice of
the class of the previous year sending a mes-
senger with greetings and suggestions regard-
ing organization, was much appreciated. Miss
Coveney of the class of 1914 brought the greet-
ings. The officers for 1915 are: president,
Mildred McAfee; vice-president, Louise
Bailey; secretary-treasurer, Helen Lewis.
Professor Emma Perkins of the College for
Women gave a lecture on "Personal reminis-
cences of Alice Freeman Palmer."
Mrs. Julia S. Harron, the library editor of
the Cleveland Public Library, had charge of
the book evaluation course during October,
during the absence of the Director, who was
hi attendance at the meetings of the Keystone
State Library Association and of the Iowa
Library Association.
The lecture by Mr. George B. Utley, secre-
tary of the A. L. A., Nov. 4, was greatly en-
joyed by the students, the early history of the
Association and its present activities being
presented in a mos.. interesting manner.
ALUMNI NOTES
Alice G. Gaylord, 1906, who was formerly
children's librarian in the Public Library of
Duluth, is now in charge of stations and ex-
tension work of that library.
Ethel M. Knapp, 1907, cataloger in the Uni-
versity of Indiana Library, has been appointed
reference librarian in the Public Library of
Davenport, Iowa.
Cards have been received announcing the
marriage of Mabel Hines, 1909, to Mr. Nor-
man Houser, of Cleveland.
Ellen G. Stocker, 1909, assistant librarian of
the P. M. Musser Public Library of Musca-
tine, Iowa, has been elected librarian.
Cornelia Plaister, 1913, has resigned her
position as librarian of the Clarinda (Iowa)
Public Library to become the supervisor of
branches of Sioux City Public Library.
ALICE S. TYLER, Director.
CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF ATLANTA— LIBRARY
SCHOOL
The tenth annual session of the Library
School, Carnegie Library of Atlanta, opened
Sept. 82 with the following enrollment of
students :
Harvie Banks, Trenton, Ky.
Mrs. H. B. Chamberlin, Atlanta, Ga.
Myrtle Flagg, Louisiana, Mo.
Jennie Quinn Gresham, Prattville, Ala.
Nell Hendrick, Jackson, Ga.
Alma Jamison, Villa Rica, Ga.
Annie May son, Atlanta, Ga.
Louise Roberts, Birmingham, Ala.
Nellie Row, Greensboro, N. C.
Julia Schilling, Marietta, Ga.
Pauline Shelley, Albany, Ga.
Mary Yates, Greensboro, N. C.
Five of the students have had previous experi-
ence in library work.
During October, Mrs. Percival Sneed,
director of the School, was appointed librarian
of the Carnegie Library of Atlanta. Mrs.
Sneed will continue to be the active head of
the school.
ALUMNI NOTES
Miss Mary Louise Browne, 1909, was mar-
ried Aug. 6 to Edward Erwin of Morganton,
N. C. Mr. and Mrs. Erwin will make their
home at the University of Mississippi, where
Mr. Erwin is associate professor of English.
Two of the graduates of the Library School
planned to attend the meeting of the British
Library Association at Oxford from Aug. 31
to Sept. 4. Miss Louie Smith, 1910, went early
in June to Paris, where she expected to study
art until the last of August, at which time she
was to return to England for the Oxford
meeting. At the declaration of war Miss Smith
was forced tot leave Paris, going immediately
to England, where she spent several weeks.
After a short visit to Scotland she returned to
America early in October. Miss Smith gave
the students in the Library School an interest-
ing description of the Bodleian Library and
also of the methods of the Chelsea Public
Library, which she used while in London.
Miss Jessica Hopkins, 1906, librarian of the
Public Library, Paducah, Ky., who had also
planned to attend the Oxford meeting and had
been granted a six weeks' leave of absence by
her trustees for the journey, was fortunate
enough to learn of the postponement of the
meeting in time to cancel her sailing.
916
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
{December, 1914
Miss Anna Laura Robinson, who was gradu-
ated in June from the Library School and
served during the summer as cataloger in the
Savannah (Ga.) Public Library, was married
Oct. 2 to Russell Malcolm Dodson. Mr. and
Mrs. Dodson will live in Atlanta.
The Graduates Association, which belongs
to the Georgia State Federation of Women's
Clubs, sent Miss Margaret Jemison, 1914, libra-
rian of the Valdosta Public Library, as a
delegate to the meeting held at Albany, Ga.,
Oct. 27-29. Miss Catharine Walker, 1913, pres-
ident of the Graduates Association, was not
able to attend the meeting and Miss Helen
Brewer, 1913, librarian of the Cordele Public
Library, was sent to the meeting as the presi-
dent's appointee. The reading of the report of
the Association was entrusted to Miss
Jemison.
DELIA FOREACRE SNEED, Director.
SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY SCHOOL
ALUMNI NOTES
May Angell, Anna Hurlbut, Anna Middle-
kauf, Margaret Sanborn, and Ida B. Swart,
all of the class of 1914, are assistants in the
Brooklyn Public Library.
Mildred Wood, 1914, takes the place of
Edith E. Haith, resigned, as librarian of the
State College of Forestry at Syracuse.
Agnes Mackin, 1914, is an assistant in the
Public Library at Ames, Iowa.
E. E. SPERRY, Director.
PORTLAND, OREGON, TRAINING CLASS
The Library Association of Portland opened
its yearly training class Nov. 2, with 10 mem-
bers enrolled. The library has had a train-
ing class for several years, conducted by the
heads of departments, but this year a training
teacher, Miss Ethel R. Sawyer, has been en-
gaged. Miss Sawyer is a graduate of Pratt
Institute Library School and goes to Portland
from the Seattle Public Library. This course
has been extended to eight months, including
two weeks preliminary practice, and it is prob-
able that in the future courses will begin the
first of October and continue for nine months.
The course of study includes the technical
subjects of cataloging, classification, shelf-
listing, etc.; general problems of administra-
tion; use of reference books; public docu-
ments ; book ordering and trade bibliography ;
book selection ; work with children ; current
events ; municipal reference work ; work of
the technical department; library extension;
loan work ; care of books ; business forms and
methods; periodicals; survey of literature;
appraisal of fiction. Other subjects may be
added to the course later.
ST. LOUIS PUBLIC LIBRARY TRAINING CLASS
A training class of seventeen members, who
had taken the year's course under Mrs. Har-
riet P. Sawyer, chief of the instruction de-
partment, was graduated on June 12, including
one member of the class of 1912 and one of the
class of 1913 who had been appointed to the
staff before the completion of their course.
Dr. George R. Dodson gave an address on
"Librarianship as a profession," which was
followed by an informal reception held in the
class room.
In addition to regular lectures by members
of the library staff, the following were given
during the spring term: "Bibliography of
American history," Dr. Roland G. Usher, of
Washington University; "Bibliography of so-
ciology," Dr. George B. Mangold, director of
the School of Social Economy; "Moral educa-
tion," Dr. John Withers, principal of Teachers'
College; "Playground work," Hon. Dwight F.
Davis, park commissioner; "The library and
civic activity," Mr. Roger N. Baldwin, secre-
tary of the Civic League ; "Completing period-
ical sets," Mr. Frederick W. Faxon, Boston
Book Co. ; "Story telling," Miss Anna Tyler of
the New York Public Library; "The work of
the State Library Commission," Miss Eliza-
beth B. Wales, secretary of the Missouri
Library Commission.
The present class of fifteen members, select-
ed from the sixty-four applicants taking the
entrance examinations, began the year's train-
ing on September 28, after two weeks of pre-
liminary practice work in the branch libra-
ries.
RIVERSIDE LIBRARY WINTER SCHOOL
The eight-week course now offered in the
Riverside Library's winter school begins Jan.
18 and is planned for those who have some li-
brary experience. A certificate will be given
for the courses completed.
The list of subjects will include: business
methods (10 lecture periods) ; book selection
(6 lecture periods) ; reference and book de-
scription (24 lecture periods and laboratory) ;
classification (18 lecture periods and labora-
tory; cataloging (18 lecture periods and lab-
oratory) ; documents (12 lecture periods and
laboratory) ; young people and schools and
library organization (6 lecture periods) ; libra-
ry handicraft, to be given with binding and re-
pair ; story-telling, to be given with young peo-
ple and schools ; periodicals and serials (6 lec-
ture periods) ; binding and repair (36 hours in
the bindery) ; library law and county service
(12 lecture periods).
The teachers already engaged for these
courses, besides Joseph F. Daniels, the librarian
December, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
917
of the Riverside Public Library and the head
of the school, are Alice M. Butterfield, Lillian
L. Dickson, Helen Evans, W. Elmo Reavis,
Lutie E. Stearns, and Sabra W. Vought. Sev-
eral others will be announced later.
In answer to the question why the course
has been lengthened from six weeks to eight,
Mr. Daniels says in his circular of announce-
ment, "There is no doubt that the usual sum-
mer school in library subjects omits too much
and that some of the subjects offered are not
given enough time. Several items in short
courses, such, for example as binding, library
law, documents, young people and schools, or-
ganizing, and business management are not well
done or are not attempted at all. Cataloging,
classification, reference and book selection are
of first importance in any plan of library sci-
ence and they require the full six weeks with
but little to spare for the other subjects: if
that remainder of time on the schedule be com-
bined with the two additional weeks, we shall
have a normal, balanced schedule requiring six
days each week and about six hours each day
for eight weeks. .
"An eight-week program allows the student
to pick and choose and in the time schedule
which we present, a student who wishes to take
only law and binding may do so in two weeks ;
reference, documents, periodicals, business
management and book selection may be taken
in four weeks; cataloging and classification
have six solid weeks (alternate days), with
only one other subject for a part of the time
and a reasonable diversion of time for the
whole program.
"Another feature emphasized at Riverside is
the mechanical and business side of library ser-
vice: how to do things in a library should re-
ceive more attention. Our students do not
Visit' the bindery, they use it twelve half days
in the short course and as much more as they
like. The same is true of school library work ;
we have two high school libraries and ten
grammar school libraries in the city of River-
side under contract service. There are nearly
forty other branches and stations in the
county.
"Library law and the study of public docu-
ments are both neglected subjects and in
California, with the most thorough-going libra-
ry legislation ever enacted, the law is certainly
important. For those taking county free libra-
ry examinations it is imperative that they have
the subject well presented."
None knows solitude who spends
Life with books when books are friends.
— J. WILLIAMS.
BROWN, JAMES DUFF. Subject classification,
with tables, indexes, etc., for the subdivi-
sion of subjects. Second edition, revised.
London; Graf ton & Co., 1914. 406 p. 8°.
In the LIBRARY JOURNAL for December, 1906,
the writer reviewed at some length the first
edition of the late Mr. Brown's "Subject class-
ification." There seems but little to add to
the judgment then set forth. The second edi-
tion differs but slightly from the first. Minor
changes and corrections have been made, and
the classification of all things pertaining to
libraries (by Mr. L. S. Jast) has been omit-
ted. This has reduced the book by some
seventeen pages.
Mr. Brown's classification offers but three
distinctive features: first, it groups the vari-
ous arts and applied sciences with those por-
tions of pure science from which the author
believes them to be derived, e. g., Music fol-
lows acoustics, and precedes Astronomy, and
Architecture comes between Civil Engineer-
ing and Railways; second, certain "categori-
cal" tables takes the place of extensive sub-
division under most topics ; third, the index is
very comprehensive and useful, containing
over 17,000 entries. The notation is compli-
cated and in a large library would be very
clumsy.
With the merits of Mr. Brown's general
scheme we have little to do. It is hard to
imagine an American library adopting it, or
American librarians agreeing to his main
thesis in the grouping of classes. There ap-
pears (as in most classifications) an over-
elaboration of certain parts (particularly in
the natural sciences), and a too summary
treatment of others, especially the historical
sciences. The scheme of fixed "categorical
tables" is an excellent contribution to classi-
fication theory, but the tables as printed stand
in sore need both of compression and of re-
vision. The index is the best part of the
book. It makes the scheme workable, and in-
sures a practical uniformity of treatment
which is invaluable to a library using the sys-
tem.
The preface tells us that over a score of li-
braries have adopted the Subject Classifica-
tion. It would be interesting to know their
character and size. The smaller public libra-
ries would doubtless find certain merits in
these schedules. .It seems hardly likely, how-
ever, that libraries designed for research
would discover much profit in them. The
fate of a classification scheme must rest
ultimately on its adaptability to diverse and
918
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[December, 1914
changing conditions. Classification is not an
end in itself, and no scheme has any sure
prospect of permanence. We do well in pass-
ing judgment on classifications to be of the
school of Gamaliel. WM. W. BISHOP.
KAISER, JOHN B. Law, legislative, and muni-
ipal reference libraries. The Boston Book
Co. 476 p. $4.00 sp. n. No discount to
libraries. Delivery free.
Mr. Kaiser's book is presented as "an intro-
ductory manual and bibliographical guide to
the materials and methods of three types of
related special libraries." Its 476 pages are
crammed with facts — it is not a treatise of
opinion. It gives but little space to any gen-
eral consideration of these types of libraries,
although perhaps giving all that its plan would
require. This is even true of the treatment of
the origin and development of the newer forms
of libraries, their present success and tenden-
cies, and their future possibilities. The
author's judgment in this is probably correct,
for this phase of the field has already been
covered in much detail and the bibliographic
references in the appendix make this matter
available. The big element in the book is that
part relating to "materials." In fact 187 of
the 343 pages of text are given to this one
subject (in three parts). Here is where the
most valuable and really constructive work
has been done. This work had hitherto been
left for each one interested to do for himself.
Nowhere else in published form had there
been massed the facts outlining the part of
the great "world of print" which must be used
most intensively in work of this character. The
copious footnotes guide in expanding the
knowledge of each particular type of informa-
tion source. And there are in addition other
sections of the text which should be classed
here as, for instance, the six pages devoted to
"legal works in a general library," the refer-
ences on the specific subject "Minimum wage"
found in the section on reference work in
chapter 2, and the valuable lists of publica-
tions compiled in the appendix.
A number of tests seem to prove beyond
question that this work has been most thor-
oughly and accurately done. In this connec-
tion it is significant of the author's methods
that much more space is given to the present
development and agencies in municipal refer-
ence work than in the state legislative field.
For the former material is not elsewhere
available, though the latter has been written
upon by others whose articles are referred to
in the appendix and in footnotes.
With the discussion of materials so evi-
dently the greatest and most useful single ele-
ment in the book, it is obvious that the
consideration of methods must occupy a lesser
place. The main topic under this subject of
methods is "Handling of materials" and to
this 54 pages are given, likewise of course in
three parts. In chapter 2 there are 23 pages
devoted to "Preparing for a legislative ses-
sion," including reference work and bill draft-
ing and legislative procedure. In chapter 3
there are two pages in the section on "Han-
dling of materials" given up to some general
hints on drafting ordinances. The author
does not pretend to give any detailed study ot
the technique of drafting, as beyond the scope
of his plan which is intended to emphasize
the "library side" of the topics treated. (See
p. 209-210.) He recognizes that this subject
"demands separate treatment as a special field
of endeavor" and refers his readers to ex-
tended citations of authorities on bill drafting
and statutory construction, as listed in the
appendix.
The title of the book uses the term "libra-
ries," but at times the institutions doing legis-
lative and municipal reference work seem to
be referred to rather indiscriminately as
bureaus, libraries, or departments. Compare,
for instance, the table of contents for the
appendix on page 345,. But this is true of all
writing on the subject, and apparently when
speaking of an individual institution the
author has endeavored to refer to it by the
word officially used, although not always suc-
cessful in this endeavor. For instance, the
New York library is referred to as a "bureau"
on page 191 and as a "section" of the State
Library (its official name) on page 225. Simi-
larly the Wisconsin library is referred to as
"library" on page 173, along with others as a
"bureau" on page 232, and as a "department"
on page 330. This diversity of name is worth
noting as in itself implying the very complex-
ity of function of these institutions — not by
any means devoting themselves to strictly
library work alone — and as lending point to
the contentions of Mr. Lapp and others as to
the use of these terms.
It would have been helpful if the running
heads on the pages gave notice as to which of
the three main divisions of the subject, at
least, was being considered. It would also
greatly aid the reader if the topical outlines,
at least in main divisions, referred to the in-
clusive pages within which the subject is
treated. The index, excellent as it is, does not
make up for this lack and the table of con-
tents is quite inadequate from this point of
view.
A table of the contents of the appendix is
given on page 345. It is divided into three
December, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
919
main sections corresponding to the sections of
the text. Each division of these sections is
numbered in the table. It might be wished
that there were a page reference which would
eliminate the necessity for recourse to the in-
dex. Unfortunately also the actual matter in
the appendix is not always numbered in divi-
sions to correspond to the table. For instance,
the divisions referred to as 3 and 5 of section
II, and 2 and 3 of section III, are not num-
bered at all, and division 4 of each of these
two sections is wrongly marked as 5 in each
case, when found in the appendix.
A slight misprint in the main table of con-
tents indicates that the index begins on page
445, instead of 435 as is the case.
Here and there are minor inconsistencies in
terminology or in tabulating. For instance, in
the topical outline of chapter i, there is a
heading "Kinds of material: general." For
chapter 2 this becomes "The materials," and
for chapter 3 the article is dropped and we
have a section on "Materials." Of course, all
refer to the same division of subject matter.
Other instances have been referred to. But
when one contemplates the really remarkable
amount of material collected and organized,
these minor flaws disappear in admiration of
the energy and application evident in the
search for this matter in many and diverse
sources.
The section on law libraries covers 65 pages,
that on legislative reference libraries 168
pages, and that on municipal reference libra-
ries no pages. The appendix occupies 89
pages, and the index with its explanatory note
33 pages. This of course does not imply any
quantitative expression of the treatment of the
three types of libraries, since much that is said
about one in detail is incorporated into the
consideration of another by reference.
That part of the book referring to law libra-
ries is probably more useful to law students
and to other users of the library not practicing
lawyers than it is to the law librarian him-
self, although the latter will find some useful
information collected here. Its sections on
legislative and municipal reference work, how-
ever, will form the most enduring part of the
book and here it brings together a large
amount of hitherto scattered data as to what
these libraries do to aid in the solution of the
"problem of intelligent legislation" and how
they do it. It refers to the earliest specialized
reference work in the New York State Library
and the later combination of reference and
drafting work originated in Wisconsin and
adopted successfully in a number of other
states. In addition, Indiana, Pennsylvania and
Rhode Island are especially referred to as il-
lustrations of types of present development in
the states and Baltimore (the first) and Kan-
sas City among the cities.
The appendix contains reading lists or bib-
liographies on law library work, legislative
reference libraries and municipal reference
libraries, compilations of laws and ordinances
relating to legislative and municipal reference
libraries, laws relating to other official state
bill drafting agencies, lists of publications of
legislative reference and municipal reference
libraries and of municipal research bureaus, a
bibliography of bill drafting, and suggested
class problems. The tabular statement of
legislative reference work, by the way, is quite
worthy of its own place in the appendix ma-
terial, instead of being included in a "list of
publications."
Other selected matter worth noting and not
already spoken of would include the follow-
ing:
Legal bibliography (p. 37)
Comparative constitution sources (p. 81)
Bibliographic aids (p. 162)
Comparative legislation sources (p. 147)
The list of municipal reference libraries
and research bureaus (p. 251)
Comparative ordinance collections (p. 276)
Bibliographic aids for municipal docu-
ments (p. 281)
Bibliographies of municipal affairs (p.
309)
The book is expanded and revised from lec-
tures delivered by the author at the University
of Illinois Library School. Presumably its
organization follows the plan of development
of the three topics as outlined there and quite
naturally the emphasis in text is given to that
part which has not been adequately written
upon by others. The abundant footnotes and
the bibliographic lists and other matter col-
lected in the appendix refer to the writings of
others more for additional information than
for supporting authority. The index is excel-
lent.
The book should be of much value to library
workers in the field of public affairs and to
students of library activities in this field. It
contains data of use to those advocating the
development of libraries of this type. Its
strength is in the selecting and bringing to-
gether from widespread and diverse sources of
definite information as to the most useful
"material" for these libraries. Its treatment of
"methods" is thorough as it relates to what
is actually being done, but does not raise the
questions which might be asked as to whether
some of these methods, largely adapted from
the public library field, should not be radically
changed. In its self-imposed limitation to a
920
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[December, 1914
discussion of the "library side" of this work it
perhaps too briefly refers to those elements of
trained research and direct assistance which
are of the very essence of the functions of
these institutions. The reader should not fail
to remember that these libraries are not merely
collections of specialized materials, carefully
selected and efficiently used as reference
sources, but beyond that as the chief justifica-
tion for their existence they are essential
factors in the development of a statute law
which shall be the expression of an advancing
democracy. C. B. L.
CHIPMAN, CHARLES PHILLIPS. Books and
libraries, their makers and use; an outline
course for the use of students. Waterville,
Me.: Colby Alumnus Press. 140 p. D.
$i.
This little book is based on talks given by
the author to the students of Colby College.
It is divided into three parts of which the
first, The making of books, is not only the
longest but of the most general interest. In
brief but readable chapters it traces the his-
tory of the alphabet, the Assyrian records,
papyrus and parchment manuscripts, the origin
and development of printing to the modern
book, including sketches of ancient, medieval
and modern libraries.
The second part, The use of books, treats
of such technical matters as the catalog,
classification, reference books, note-taking,
etc. According to the preface these chapters
"have purposely been made very brief, since
they serve simply as a starting-point for the
student's study at first hand of the arrange-
ment and use of the library." The third sec-
tion, The student's library, contains some
helpful hints on the reading habit and the
choice of books. The volume should prove
suggestive to librarians whose duties include
the giving of talks on the topics covered.
M. L. S.
^Librarians
BALDWIN, Rachel, Pratt 1908, has accepted
a position in the Newark Public Library.
BRISCOE, Mrs. Ruth, has been appointed li-
brarian of the medical department of the Uni-
versity of Maryland.
BUCHER, Mrs. Paul, B.L.S., N. Y. State Li-
brary School, 1910, has resigned her position as
first assistant in the order section of the New
York State Library, to accept a position in the
reference department of The California Uni-
versity Library, Berkeley.
BURNHAM, Adele, N. Y. State Library
School, 1912-13, has resigned her position as
assistant in the Superior (Wis.) Public Libra-
ry to become connected with the University of
Michigan Library, Ann Arbor.
CLATWORTHY, Linda M., who was in charge
of the Dayton (O.) Public Library at the time
of the flood, and who has been taking a year's
rest since that time, has been secured by the
Dallas (Tex.) Public Library as reference as-
sistant for the winter.
DIXON, Vera M., Pratt 1912, librarian of
the Engineering Schools at Columbia, has ac-
cepted the position of head of the new tech-
nical department of the Multnomah County
Library, Portland, Oregon.
DUREN, Fanny, who had been librarian in
charge of the Waterloo (Iowa) Public Library
for eight years, resigned Nov. 15, to take
charge of one of the branches of the Minne-
apolis Public Library.
GROFF, Edward L., who was for eight years
assistant librarian in the Pennsylvania Senate
Library, died from cancer in a Philadelphia
hospital Nov. 10.
HAFFKIN-HAMBURGER, Mme., who sailed
from San Francisco Sept. 26 on her way home
to Russia, writes that she has changed her
route and is going through Korea instead of
via Vladivostok. While in Japan she visited
four libraries in Tokyo, two in Kyoto, and the
libraries of Osaka and Kobe. She found
Japan delightful and her libraries very inter-
esting, though not to be compared with those
of Europe or' America. Japan now has 670
libraries scattered through the islands.
HASSE, Adelaide R., who had charge of the
A. L. A. exhibit in Leipzig during the last
three months of its existence, landed in New
York Nov. n.
HAZELTINE, Alice I., was succeeds Miss Effie
L. Power as supervisor of children's work in
the St. Louis Public Library Dec. I, graduated
from Syracuse University with the Ph.B. de-
gree in 1901 and studied in the New York State
Library School at Albany in 1901-02. She was
chief children's librarian in the Carnegie Li-
brary of Pittsburgh, taking a special course
at the same time in the Training School for
Children's Librarians, in 1906-09, librarian of
the Hazelwood branch until 1911 and the fiist
assistant in the children's department until
r9i3, when she became supervisor of branches
in the Buffalo Public Library. Miss Power,
who has held the St. Louis position since 1911,
has resigned to take charge of the work with
schools in the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh.
December, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
921
KUDALKAR, J. S., the editor of the Library
Miscellany and the successor of Mr. W. A.
Borden as director of state libraries in Ba-
roda, India, arrived in Bombay Sept. 4, after
a year spent in visiting the libraries of Europe
and America and in studying their methods
LAWRENCE, Hannah M, vice-librarian of the
Washington County Free Library, has ten-
dered her resignation, to take effect Dec. i.
She has accepted a position as supervisor of
branches in the Public Library of Buffalo,
N. Y.
LEDYARD, Winifred E., for the last year li-
brarian of the Palmer School branch, of the
Grand Rapids Public Library, has resigned.
She expects to spend some time in California*
Miss Ledyard went to Grand Rapids in Sep-
tember, 1910, a graduate of the Library School
at Syracuse University.
LOWRY, Elizabeth, N. Y. State Library
School, 1912-13, has been appointed instruc-
tor of classification and cataloging in the
California State Library School, Sacramento.
MOORE, Caroline, who has been librarian of
the Westbrook (Ct.) Free Public Library since
1896, has resigned.
PARKER, Mary C, Pratt 1898, who has been
librarian of the Hudson and Manhattan Rail-
road Company of New York for two years,
now has charge of the new Federal Reserve
Bank Library. The position includes charge
of the files as well as of the library, and
promises to include a certain amount of sta-
tistical work.
SAWYER, R. Alger, Jr., B.L.S., N. Y. State
Library School, 1914, has joined the staff of
the New York Public Library.
SNEED, Mrs. Percival, has been appointed
librarian of the Carnegie Library of Atlanta
to succeed Miss Katharine Wootten. Mrs.
Sneed has been principal of the Library
School, Carnegie Library of Atlanta, for sev-
eral years. In assuming the librarianship she
will retain the active direction of the school
and serve in the double capacity of director
and librarian.
TAGGART, Anne V., has been appointed sup-
erintendent of branch libraries in Grand
Rapids. Miss Taggart took the examination
for the apprentice class work in Grand Rapids
in 1908. After this she spent a year at the
Pratt Institute Library School, at Brooklyn,
N. Y., from which she graduated. In 1910-11
she was librarian of the Public Library at Lock
Haven, Pa., and in January, 1912, she returned
to Grand Rapids. During the absence of the
head of the catalog department she was act-
ing head of that department for a year, and
last winter was librarian of the West Side
branch.
TAYLOR, W. Agutter, for over thirty years
librarian for the Law Society of Winnipeg,
Manitoba, died suddenly Oct. 23.
THOMPSON, Laura E., superintendent of
branch libraries in Grand Rapids, has resigned
her position on account of ill health. Miss
Thompson took the examination for appren-
tices in the Grand Rapids Library in the fall
of 1904. In June of the following year she
was appointed to a position in the regular
classified service. On the opening of Bissell
House branch in 1905, the first of the branch
libraries, she was one of the assistants detailed
to take charge of this branch. Since that time
her work has been chiefly with the branch li-
braries, and she has worked at nearly all of
them for longer or shorter periods. She has
seen this work develop from nothing to a
recorded use in all departments of over 400,000
a year. Since April I, 1912, she has been
superintendent of the branch libraries.
TURNER, Isabel McC, who has been a cata-
loger for the Free Library Commission at Har-
risburg, Pa., has accepted an appointment as
librarian of the Allentown (Pa.) Free Public
Library. Miss Turner graduated from the
Drexel Library school in 1908, and has taught
in the summer school conducted each year by
the Library Commission at State College.
VOUGHT, Sabra W., B.L.S., N. Y. State Li-
brary School, 1901, is assisting temporarily in
the Utica (N. Y.) Public Library. In Febiu-
ary she will go to California to teach in the
winter course of the Riverside Public Library
Service School.
WOOTTEN, Katharine, who has been libra-
rian of the Carnegie Library of Atlanta for
the past three years, has resigned, her resig-
nation taking effect Nov. 14. Miss Wootten's
withdrawal from the library is due to the
refusal of the city council to grant her the
increase in salary of $25 a month, which had
been repeatedly recommended by the library
board. The present salary of the librarian
was fixed nine years ago — three years after
the library was opened. At that time there
was one library, and no branches, fourteen
employes, 13,000 members, an appropriation of
$12,000, and a circulation of 106,000 volumes.
To-day there are four libraries, ten deposits
of books in schools, clubs, etc., thirty-one em-
ployes, over 54,000 members from Atlanta's
citizenship, and in 1913 a circulation of more
than 330,000 volumes, with a maintenance ap-
propriation of $31,000.
THE LIBRARY WORLD
New England
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Bow. The Baker Free Library, the gift to
the town of the late Hon. Henry M. Baker,
was dedicated Oct. 29. The library is of brick,
with limestone trimmings, and is one story in
height In it are a main reception and reading
room, 50 by 20, an office for the librarian, and
a stack room with steel shelving for 8000
volumes. Now on the shelves are some 6000
books, the private library of Mr. Baker. This
library is to be cataloged by D. Waldo White,
and during the progress of the work he will
be in charge as librarian.
Manchester. The Public Library opened its
third deposit station, at Goff's Falls school-
house, early in November.
Manchester City L. F. Mabel Winchell, Ibn.
(6oth annual rpt. — yr. ending, Dec. 31, 1913.)
Accessions 3126 ; total 71,771. Circulation 129,-
933. New registration 1251; total 9278. Re-
ceipts $40,907.03; expenditures $40,028.56.
Sugar Hill The Charles Francis Richard-
son Memorial Library, a gift to the town
from Mrs. Richardson, was dedicated Nov. 7.
MASSACHUSETTS
Boston. The trustees of the Public Library
have received a check for $35,000, in part pay-
ment of a bequest made some time ago by
Francis Skinner. The total bequest will
amount to about $53,ooo, and is given entirely
without restriction.
Cambridge. The original manuscript of
"America" ("My country, 'tis of thee"), wi it-
ten by the Rev. Samuel Francis Smith, D.D.,
has been presented to the Harvard College
Library by his children. Dr. Smith was a
member of the Harvard class of 1829. His son,
the Rev. Dr. Daniel A. W. Smith, president of
the Karen Theological Seminary, at Insein,
Burma, who tendered the gift, was graduated
from Harvard in 1859.
Northampton. The Forbes Library has four
victrolas which it lends to the public schools
of the city. They are used to provide music
for the folk dancing taught in the schools, as
well as in connection with the classes in music.
Oxford F. P. L. Clara A. Fuller, Ibn.
(Annual rpt.— yr. ending Feb. i, 1914.) Cir-
culation 14,225. Receipts $1300.46; expendi-
tures $1301.87, including $341.88 for salaries,
$114.22 for books and $166.97 for binding and
periodicals.
Somerville. In the September JOURNAL the
circulation figures for the Public Library are
given as 407,617. This, it seems, represents
only the circulation from the four library
buildings, and does not include a circulation
of 148,317 from over 250 deposit stations,
which, if added to the other figures would give
a grand total of 555,934.
Springfield City L. Killer C Wellman, Ibn.
(57th annual rpt. — yr. ending Apr. 30, 1914.)
Accessions 17,479; total 186,778. Circulation
655,903. Receipts $73,872.40 ; expenditures $73,-
720.19, including $26,221.87 for salaries, $2,-
730.22 for binding, $9,634.11 for books, and $i,-
101.37 for periodicals.
This year marks the completion of the Me-
morial Square branch and the establishment of
29 new deposit stations. The total number of
distributing agencies of the library has been
increased from 334 last year to 363 at present,
including n fire engine nouses and 322 school-
rooms. As a result of the great emphasis placed
on work with foreigners, the foreign circu-
lation increased more than any other class, or
27 per cent., and it now constitutes one-tenth
of the adult books circulated, excluding fic-
tion. The library received as a gift the famous
George Walter Vincent Smith art collections,
which heretofore were deposited in the Art
Museum.
Waltham. Ground has been broken for the
Francis Buttrick Memorial Library, which is
to be erected on the Old Central House site on
Main street. The new library will be 122 by
114 feet. There will be room for 28,500 vol-
umes on open shelves, while space for 96,000
more will be provided in the metal stacks.
Woburn P. L. George Hill Evans, Ibn.
(35th annual rpt. — yr. ending Dec. 31, 1913.)
Accessions 1019; total 51,882. Circulation 65,-
047. New registration 1841; total 3296. Re-
ceipts $5814.27; expenditures $5804.87.
Worcester. The Free Library has recently
opened an industrial room, in which about
1500 books on the useful arts have been gath-
ered. Only medicine, agriculture, and domes-
tic science have been omitted from lack of
shelf room. The room was partitioned off from
the southeast end of the newspaper reading
room.
December, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
923
RHODE ISLAND
Centredale. The Library reopened Nov. 10
after being closed for six months. The Union
Library Association will continue to look after
the library affairs. Clarence Brown, who has
worked in the Providence and Olneyville li-
braries, has been appointed librarian. Frank C.
Angell, who has been librarian for the past 40
years will assist, but will take no active part in
the management.
CONNECTICUT
Bethel F. P. L. (Rpt— 1913.) Accessions
518 ; total 3334. Registration 1315. Circulation
14,339- Receipts $1467.07; expenditures $621.56.
The outstanding event of the year was the
gift to the town of Bethel of the L. Clark
Seelye homestead and adjoining property for
library purposes. With the gift of the properly,
Dr. Seelye, who is the president emeritus of
Smith College, presented to the library direc-
tors $1000 to be expended in remodelling the
building and improving the grounds. Exten-
sive alterations are now under way, and it is
hoped that in the near future the library will
. be moved to its new and comfortable quar-
ters.
Bristol P. L. Charles L. Wooding, Ibn.
(Rpt— yr. ending Jl. 31, 1914.) Accessions
3280 ; total 26,796. Circulation 95,985. • New
registration 230 ; total 3997. Receipts $9,408.04 ;
expenditures $9,403.98.
New Haven F. P. L. Willis K. Stetson, Ibn.
(Annual rpt. — 1913.) Accessions 10,589; to-
tal 111,000. Circulation 400,479. Receipts $41,-
721.30; expenditures $38,696.30, including $22,-
130.64 for salaries, $2,371.43 for binding, $8,-
051.19 for books and $355-45 for periodicals.
The offer by the Carnegie Corporation of
$60,000 for the erection of three branch libra-
ry buildings has been accepted.
Norwich. Oti-s L. Imogene A. Cash, Ibn.
(Rpt. — yr. ending Aug. 31, 1914-) Accessions
2074; total 39,523. Circulation 116,854. New
registration 1237; total 26,604. Receipts 08,-
879.57; expenditures $7702.92, including $3,-
634.51 for salaries, $243.75 for binding, $1763.79
for books, and $177.91 for periodicals.
Southport. The library board at the Pequot
Library have made arrangements whereby en-
tertainments and theatricals may be held in
the building.
Stratford. The sum of $5000 was be-
queathed to the Public Library by the late
Stiles Judson.
Middle Atlantic
NEW YORK
Belfast. The corner-stone for the new li-
brary was laid on Oct. 22.
Brooklyn. When the library which is now
being built in Red Hook section is completed,
Brooklyn will have twenty Carnegie buildings,
the number originally intended for the bor-
ough. So well has the Carnegie building com-
mittee managed the $1,600,000 given for the
purpose that they will have enough money left
for two more buildings.
New Rochelle. As a result of effort on the
part of the Parents' and Teachers' Association,
the first branch of the New Rochelle Public
Library has been opened in Stephenson school.
It is in a corner room on the second story, in
charge of an assistant from the main Library,
and is to be open two afternoons every week.
In the branch there are 350 books for adults
and 100 new books for children and a few
magazines.
New York City. The private library of the
Hudson family of Stratford, Ct, has become
a part of the library of Columbia University.
The Hudson library includes among other rare
works, hundreds of books, letters, and papers
belonging to the famous Dr. Samuel Johnson,
first president of King's College (Columbia
University) , who in his lifetime lived in Strat-
ford and from whom the Hudson family is
descended.
New York City. The Municipal Reference
branch of the New York Public Library start-
ed, Oct. 28, the publication of a leaflet called
Municipal Reference Library Notes, intended
for circulation among officials and employes of
the city. It is intended in future issues to
publish lists of references to material in the
library on important local problems, as well
as lists of the latest publications received.
Each volume will be indexed, so that a com-
plete file will furnish a guide to the resources
of the branch.
Northport. Ground is being broken for the
foundation of the Carnegie Library on Main
street. The sum of $10,000 was granted the
village for the library.
Perry. The Perry Public Library, made pos-
sible by the generosity of Andrew Carnegie,
was formally opened to the public on Oct.
13-
Portville. Two extensive additions are be-
ing built to the library. They will provide 800
square feet of additional space.
924
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[December, 1914
Sayville. Sayville now has a reading room
on the. second floor of the Brush building, open
to the residents of Sayville, West Sayville, and
Bayport.
Warren. Funds for the erection of a Me-
morial Library to cost $100,000, have been of-
fered by J. P. Jefferson and Edward Wet-
more of this city.
NEW JERSEY
Hawthorne. At a meeting of the Public
Library Committee Oct. 26, it was decided to
arrange for the rental of a house next door to
the new postoffice as a public library.
Newark P. L. John Cotton Dana, Ibn. (25th
annual rpt. — 1013.) Accessions 17,277; total
205,217. Circulation 1,098,398. New registra-
tion 18,849; total 55,766. Receipts $132.964.15;
expenditures $132,463.48, including salaries
$54,809.91, books $15,304.62, binding $5621.45,
periodicals $1829.16.
The salaries of assistants have been in-
creased and the hours per week have been re-
duced to forty-two. Work with schools has in-
cluded the giving of many special lessons to
visiting classes, instruction of normal school
pupils, and the preparation and distribution of
439 libraries to teachers. The report also gives
an account of the regular work of the library
for the past twelve years, comparing it with
similar work of other libraries in cities of the
same size. It also describes with some detail
the scope of the various additional activities
whose successful maintenance have made the
Newark Public Library unique among libraries.
Newark. The Newark Museum Association
is assembling an exhibition of the clay in-
dustries of New Jersey, to open for six weeks
in February. Manufacturers of brick, hollow
tile, drain pipe, sanitary and electrical wares,
as well as the makers of architectural terra
cotta, fine and common china, tiles, and decora-
tive pottery have signified their interest in the
exhibit, and their willingness to help to make it
a success. The co-operation of the women's
clubs of the state has been secured to assist
in bringing together an historical section of
the exhibition, to include pottery and porce-
lain made in New Jersey before 1876. It is
believed that other cities in the state will want
to borrow and display the exhibit before it is
dispersed.
Newark. A petition bearing 1200 signatures
and protesting against the abandonment of de-
posit stations and the giving up of the travel-
ing libraries of the Free Public Library, was
presented to Mayor Haussling Oct. 26. The li-
brary was forced to this action by the decrease
in the library appropriations. These appropria-
tions are mandatory and are fixed at one-third
of a mill for each dollar of the city tax rat-
ables of the previous year. Since the state
courts decided in 1913 that the $30,000,000 de-
ferred dividend funds of the Prudential In-
surance Company were not taxable, $10,000
was at once cut off from the expected appro-
priation for library purposes. As a result
much work had to be left undone, and it was
decided that plans must be cut down for the
coming year.
Perth Amboy. The Carnegie Corporation
has authorized a grant of $30,000 to provide
an extension to the Public Library.
Trenton. The library has transferred its
books fr^m the old stack on Academy street to
the new one in the Cadwalader extension. The
new stack holds from 75,000 to 80,000 volumes.
When the Cadwalader extension is completed
there will be an additional open shelf room,
making the total capacity of the library about
100,000 volumes.
Washington. The Public Library is now
in its new location in the Jeffrey building with
Mrs. Susan Beavers as librarian.
PENNSYLVANIA
Bradford. An annex, costing $14,100, has
just been completed on the Carnegie Public
Library. It connects with the main library
building on the northwest side, is of brick, two
stories in height, and 24 x 50 feet in dimen-
sions. The new part is of fireproof construc-
tion as far up as the attic. The additional
shelving provided will make the capacity of the
library about 44,000 volumes.
Wilkes-Barre. Osterhout F. L. Myra Po-
land, Ibn. (25th annual rpt. — yr. 1913). Ac-
cessions 2784; total 45,157. Circulation 140,-
308. Total registration 16,081.
MARYLAND
Goucher. The new library at Goucher Col-
lege was opened for the use of the students
Oct. 12 in Alfheim Hall. The college has not
yet secured its regular library building.
Baltimore. The Enoch Pratt Free Library
has published the second edition of its "Facts
for the public." It includes a short account of
the history of the library and its work, with
statements of the work of the reference depart-
ment, work with schools and the work with the
blind. A directory of the central library and
the branches is also given.
December, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
925
The South
VIRGINIA
Hampton. The Hampton Institute offers
traveling libraries, consisting of nineteen books
each, to any teacher or superintendent in Vir-
ginia for a school year (Oct. i to June i), for
the nominal fee of fifty cents and the payment
of transportation charges. The library includes
books on agriculture, gardening, cooking, fur-
niture making, trees, flowers, birds, hygiene,
sewing, and the Boy Scout movement, besides
bound volumes of the Hampton Leaflets.
NORTH CAROLINA
Charlotte. An addition, costing $15,000, is
being made to the Carnegie library building.
GEORGIA
Atlanta. The Carnegie Corporation has of-
fered $25,000 towards a library for negroes in
Atlanta.
Fitzgerald. Work was begun late in Octo-
ber on the new. Carnegie Library, and it is ex-
pected to have the building completed in about
three months.
FLORIDA
Jacksonville. A branch of the Public Libra-
ry, to be open three days a week, was opened in
East Jacksonville, Nov. 5.
Tampa. Work has been started on the Car-
negie Library, which will probably be finished
in the spring or early summer. The library
is to be built of reinforced concrete, with a
tile roof. It will cost approximately $50,000.
KENTUCKY
Louisville. It is announced that further ef-
fort to secure $50,000 from the Carnegie Cor-
poration for another branch library here, will
be postponed until after the war.
TENNESSEE
Greeneville. A Carnegie library is now be-
ing constructed here. It is claimed that the
building will be ready to occupy by the first of
next year.
Nashville. The branch library in South
Nashville was opened the last of October, with
Mrs. Nannie Eagan in charge.
Central West
MICHIGAN
Detroit. Work has been going on actively
the past month clearing the site for the new
central building of the Public Library.
Detroit P. L. Adam Strohm, Ibn. (49th
annual rpt. — fiscal yr. 1913-14.) Accessions
42,994; total 325,487. Circulation 1,321,552.
New registration 34,466; total 81,969. Rece;pts
$766,263.35. Expenditures $456,043.38, includ-
ing $85,327.17 for salaries, $8,882.14 for bind-
ing, and $36,499.37 for books.
In February, 1914, Mr. Clarence M. Burton
deeded his valuable private library of material
on Detroit and Michigan, together with the
property in which it is housed, to the Library
Commission. Three new Carnegie branches,
the Henry M. Utley, Edwin F. Conely and
Magnus Butzel, were completed and opened to
the public during the year. There are now
eleven branches in operation — all but two in
permanent buildings of their own. The refer-
ence department of the main library was reor-
ganized and all books which were not strictly
for research and study were transferred to
the circulation department. The children's de-
partment of the main library has been modi-
fied and now contains no books for children
under fourteen. The training class was made
up of 20 apprentices — the largest number ever
enrolled. The age limit regulating admission
to the class has been advanced to 20 years, re-
sulting in an increased mental maturity of ap-
prentices. Realizing the value of professional
training, the library commission allows any
member of the staff leave of absence to attend
a training school of good standing, and will
grant advanced standing in the service to such
members on their return. A staff lecture
course, comprising eight lectures by librarians
and library workers of note, was conducted
during the year.
Grand Rapids. The series of free public
lectures under the auspices of the Public Li-
brary, given in the library building and at vari-
ous school branches, was opened Nov. 13.
About 90 lectures are included in the series,
Hancock. The library in the Central High
School building has been opened to the pub-
lic. Mrs. Elsie Martin has been put in charge,
the first trained librarian the library has ever
had. The library will be open in the mot rung
to students in the public schools, and in .the
afternoon and evening to the general public.
OHIO
Cincinnati. The library fines of Cincinnati
amount to between $6000 and $7000 yearly.
The library officials estimate that the library
is able to buy about 10,000 books each year
out of the fine fund.
Zones -field. New Year's day is announced
for the formal opening of the new Public Li-
926
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[December, 1914
brary given the village by Dr. Earl S. Sloan of
Boston, Mass. Miss Emmeline Grubbs will be
in charge of the library.
INDIANA
The women's clubs of Indiana are working
hard for the State Memorial Library and Mu-
seum which has been proposed as a permanent
mounment to mark Indiana's hundredth birth-
day in 1916. The State Library in its present
crowded condition is unsatisfactory, and a
new library building such as is proposed for
the centennial, would put Indiana in line with
such states as New York, Wisconsin, Missouri,
Virginia, and Kansas.
Aurora. The dedication of the Aurora Li-
brary bequeathed to the city of Aurora by the
late Georgiana Sutton was held Tuesday, Oc-
tober 13.
Boonville. Funds have been furnished by
Andrew Carnegie for a library at Boonville.
The building will cost about $12,500.
Richmond. The circulation of music rolls at
the Morrison-Reeves Library now averages 900
a month. In the last year 122 rolls were added
to the collection, making a total of nearly
1800.
Sullivan. The private library of the late Dr.
James R. Minkle of this city has been pre-
sented to the Carlisle and Haddon Township
Public Library by his sister.
Veedersburg. The Woman's Civic League,
in establishing a public library, gave a book
shower, at which more than five hundred books
were contributed.
ILLINOIS
Chicago. The Chicago Public Library
opened two new collections on Nov. 2. The
music room opened with a collection of stan-
dard and classical music for home circulation,
and the foreign room with some 20,000 vol-
umes of works in the various European lan-
guages arranged on open shelves for home
circulation.
Chicago. Mayor Harrison is receiving, at
frequent intervals, large bundles of German
daily newspapers which are forwarded by the
mayor of Berlin with the request that they be
made accessible to the general public. These
papers have therefore been placed on file in
the reading room of the Public Library. The
library is also receiving numerous pamphlets,
broadsides, and other publications from offi-
cials and organizations in the several countries
now at war, embodying statements and argu-
ments regarding their respective contentions
and their views of the issues involved, an in-
teresting indication of the importance placed
by the nations upon the current of American
public opinion.
Dclavan. The Ayers Public Library has
moved into its new building on North Locust
street.
Galesburg F. P. L. Anna F. Hoover, Ibn.
(4Oth annual rpt. — yr. ending May 31, 1914.)
Accessions 1796; total 44,670. Circulation,
159,722. New registration 1512; total 6361.
Receipts $9049.37; expenditures $7742.69, in-
cluding $3323.99 for salaries, $266.33 for bind-
ing, $1372.57 for books and $408.85 for period-
icals.
Rockford P. L. Jane P. Hubbell, Ibn. (42d
annual rpt. — yr. ending May 31, 1914.) Acces-
sions 3478; total 60,643. Circulation 177,753.
New registration 4081; total 11,138. Receipts
$20,721.21 ; expenditures $20,657.75, including
$9,103.25 for salaries, $797.50 for binding, $3,-
437.48 for books, and $580.12 for periodicals.
Springfield. Two branches of the Lincoln
library have been opened, one at Harvard
Park school and the other at Enos school.
Both have been equipped with books for chil-
dren and adults.
The North West
WISCONSIN
The Wisconsin Free Library Commission,
by making use of the new parcel post privi-
leges, has opened the large libraries of the
state to all the citizens of Wisconsin. The
libraries from which are drawn the books for
circulation by parcel post are those of the
Wisconsin Free Library Commission, 45,000
volumes ; the State Historical Library, 183,000
volumes ; the University Library, 210,000 vol-
umes; the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences,
Arts and Letters, 5,000 volumes, making a to-
tal of 443,000 volumes, exclusive of pamphlets.
The plan of distribution will be practically the
same as that adopted by the city libraries, ex-
cept that books will be sent by mail. Those
who get books in this way must have the en-
dorsement of some one of prominent position
in his community, but will have no other ex-
pense except the postage.
Black River Falls. The contract for the
new Carnegie Library has been let. The
building will cost $15,000.
Madison F. L. Mary A. Smith, Ibn. (39th
annual rpt. — yr. ending Je. 30, 1914.) Acces-
sions 4061; total 32,790. Circulation 165,307.
December, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
927
New registration 2686; total 17,557. Receipts
$21,314.37; expenditures $15,352.07, including
$6,396.72 for salaries, $655.50 for binding, $2,-
064.43 for books, and $506.12 for periodicals.
MINNESOTA
Chatfield. Work has been commenced here
on the Carnegie library.
Minneapolis. The Lyndale branch of the
public library, formerly located upstairs at
612 West Lake street, has been moved into
the new building of the Calhoun Commercial
club. The new location is much more roomy,
and is on the ground floor.
Thief River Falls. The new Carnegie li-
brary building is expected to be ready for oc-
cupancy by Dec. i.
IOWA
One hundred and fifty dolls are ready to
travel through Iowa. The collection has been
prepared by the state Library Commission and
is to be loaned through the traveling library
for exhibition purposes to the libraries of
Iowa. Foreign, character, home-made, and
curious dolls are included in the collection,
which has been designed to be interesting and
instructive to adults as well as children.
Davenport. The library trustees plan to
open stations in the Washington and Grant
schools. Both of these schools receive grade
libraries which are circulated to the children
by the teachers, but no provision is made for
those out of school or the parents in these dis-
tricts. If stations are opened they will be for
the members of the community above school
age.
MONTANA
Butte. The juvenile branch of the Public
Library in the courthouse, which had been
closed since the arrival of the military on
Sept. i, reopened Nov. 4. At the same time
the juvenile librarv in the library building was
closed permanently.
NEBRASKA
Broken Bow. Plans are being made for a
new Carnegie library building to be erected
here.
Lincoln City L. Lulu Home, Ibn. (Rpt. —
yr. ending May 31, 1914.) Accessions 3,177;
total 36,693. Circulation igg,ogi. New regis-
tration 2884; total 11,335. Receipts $11,740.04;
expenditures $12,429.24, including $5,936.50 for
salaries, $515.58 for binding, $3,649.62 for
books, and $412.21 for periodicals.
Omaha. Public library stations established
in seven Omaha public schools this fall have
been so successful that stations in the future
will be placed in any school in the city upon
application of the principals.
The South West
MISSOURI
With 1912, the Missouri Library Commission
completed its fifth year of actual work. Dur-
ing that time twelve new libraries were organ-
ized in the state, five of which have separate
buildings. The issue of traveling libraries in-
creased from less than fifty in 1907 to 280 in
1912. Twenty-four active stations were on
the list in 1907 ; in December, 1912, active sta-
tions to the number of 163 had traveling libra-
ries in circulation. In 1912, eleven of the
twenty-five largest cities of Missouri (over
5000 population) had no public library. There
were, besides these, 84 other cities of over 2000
population without library facilities. The year
1913 showed an awakening impulse toward
better public libraries in the state. Mexico
completed a new building and five other cities
accepted offers of Carnegie buildings : Aurora,
$9000; Bolivar, $8000; Excelsior Springs, $10,-
ooo ; Fayette, $10,000 ; Webb City, $25,000. The
traveling libraries sent out 46 more groups and
1566 more volumes from the office than in
1912, circulating 13,391 volumes from 326 dif-
ferent stations. The commission detailed one
assistant to take charge of the legislative ref-
erence collection, and besides the regular work
of this department, a cumulative bill index was
printed weekly, each number showing a com-
plete record. In the last number a list of bills
passed in each house was added. The com-
mission also had charge of the distribution of
printed bills to all public libraries in the state
willing to pay the expense.
Liberty. William Jewell College L. Ward
H. Edwards, Ibn. (Annual rpt. — yr. ending
May 29, 1914.) Accessions 1396; total 25,825.
Circulation 6777, double that of last year.
A small bindery has been installed. This
makes possible the saving of from one-third
to one-half on binding. With an experienced
binder as the head of this department, the rest of
the work is carried on by students, who are
paid 15 and 17^ cents an hour for their work.
Sedalia P. L. Frances Fordice, Ibn. (i9th
annual rpt. — yr. 1914.) Accessions 754; total
16,376. Circulation 62,728. New registration
1312; total 6881. Receipts $5344.90; expen-
ditures $6742.43, including $2690.00 for sala-
ries, $443.io for binding, $597.03 for books,
and $245.20 for periodicals.
928
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[December, 1914
KANSAS
Emporia. Eight students took the full course
in library science at the Emporia State Normal
School last year, and eight are taking the work
this year. The courses are offered by Miss
Gertrude Buck, professor of library science,
who is a graduate of the University of Illinois
Library School. The library work offered at
Emporia is designed especially for the instruc-
tion of teachers in the use and care of school
libraries, but many public librarians of Kansas
have taken training in this way at the Em-
poria School.
Eureka. The Boy Scouts helped the Public
Library move from its old quarters to the new
Carnegie building, which was formally opened
on September 25.
Hutchinson. The high school has more than
3000 volumes in its library. The books are
classified and cataloged, and beginning this
year, the librarian, Miss Mabel Parks, is re-
lieved of teaching duties.
Osborne. The Osborne Library was estab-
lished and maintained for twenty years by Os-
borne ladies. In 1913 a public tax was voted
and a $6000 Carnegie building opened. Of
Osborne's 1500 citizens, 560 have library cards
in use, and last year 10,580 books were issued,
fiction making 72 per cent, of the total, juven-
ile books 22 per cent., and non-fiction 6 per
cent. The library has 2400 volumes, and Miss
Allis Babcock is librarian.
Russell The Sunday school library of the
Methodist church, after lying dormant and un-
used for fifteen years, has been placed in the
city library, to be loaned out as other books
are, on condition that title remains in the Sun-
day school and the books are to be kept to-
gether with a label of ownership.
Topeka. At the annual meeting of the Kan-
sas Historical Society, Oct. 21, the event of
the afternoon session was the unveiling of a
tablet to the memory of Miss Zu Adams, libra-
rian of the Historical Society for many years.
The tablet was placed in the reading-room of
the library by the Topeka Chapter, Daughters
of the American Revolution, of which Miss
Adams had been a charter member. The read-
ing-room also contains a portrait of Miss
Adams, placed there by the society in recogni-
tion of her services as its first librarian.
Wichita. The Public Library and the
Friends' University Library have arranged for
the interloan of books which are in one insti-
tution and not in the other.
OKLAHOMA
Oklahoma City. As a part of the extension
work of the University of Oklahoma, a class
in library science will be held at the City Pub-
lic Library by Miss Edith Phelps this winter
for a course of about four months. The classes
will be open to all who desire to attend them,
and only a nominal fee will be charged. They
will be held every Tuesday and Thursday, and
will cover instruction in the methods of con-
ducting a library as designated by the rules of
the American Library Association. University
credits will be given for satisfactory comple-
tion of the course.
TEXAS
Fort Worth Carnegie P. L. Mrs. Charles
Scheuber, Ibn. (Annual rpt. — yr. ending Mr.
i, 1914.) Accessions 4860; total 28,304. Cir-
culation 76,175. New registration 3967; total
16,064. Receipts $12,544.57; expenditures $12,-
445.03, including $4515.04 for salaries, $1552.88
for binding, $1404.14 for books and $588.85 for
periodicals.
Gainesville. The new $15,000 Carnegie li-
brary building of Gainesville was opened Oct.
10.
Palestine. Palestine's new $20,000 library
building was formally dedicated Oct. 21. The
dedicatory address was delivered by Dr. S. P.
Brooks, president of Baylor University. The
building was tendered the city by President
A. G. Greenwood, of the library building board.
The building is built of brick, and is located in
a commanding position in the central part of
the city.
LOUISIANA
Baton Rouge. The United Daughters of the
Confederacy, which maintains the only public
library in the city, has appointed a committee
to confer with the mayor and council on the
possibility of securing a Carnegie Library for
the city. It is estimated that $20,000 would
provide a satisfactory building.
Pacific Coast
WASHINGTON
Seattle. A movement has been organized by
the Woman's Century Club to purchase for the
Public Library by public subscription the col-
lection of engravings and etchings owned by
Albert de Chalivat and recently exhibited here.
In the collection are 352 engravings and etch-
ings, covering every period of the development
of the art from 1498 to date. Mr. de Chalivat
December, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
929
places an approximate value of $5000 on his
collection, but he has agreed to dispose of it
to the Public Library for $1500.
Spokane P. L. George W. Fuller, Ibn. (igth
annual rpt. — 1913.) Accessions 7933; total
61,878. Circulation 366,906. New registra-
tion 10,578; total 28,436. Receipts $44,514.32;
expenditures $43.172.33, including $22,199.95
for salaries, $1520.75 for binding, $8815.01 for
books, and $1280.75 for periodicals.
Besides the usual record of work of the
different departments, the report includes a
short historical sketch of the library and a
table of comparative statistics from twelve
libraries similar to Spokane in size. The table
gives population, book circulation, accessions,
number of employes, appropriations, and per
capita cost of circulation.
Tacoma. Asking that Whitworth College be
either compelled to turn over the 1120 books
missing from the Mason Library and several
articles of furniture belonging to the library,
including a piano, chairs and other articles, or
pay a judgment of $2500 in lieu of the missing
property, the city of Tacoma has started a suit
in the superior court against the college. The
city asks also that the deed given the college
for the building and the library be canceled, as
the school has failed to live up to the agree-
ment to keep it open as a public library.
CALIFORNIA
Alameda F. L. Marcella H. Krauth, Ibn.
(35th annual rpt. — yr. ending Je. 30, 1914.)
Accessions 3188; total 43,350. Circulation 123,-
723. New registration 1020; total 11,697.
Receipts $16,345.70; expenditures $12,235.49,
including $4767.78 for salaries, $249.18 for
binding, $4129.44 for books and $519-14 for
periodicals.
Alhambra. The new city library building
will probably be occupied about the first of
the year.
Coalinga. The new Carnegie Library was
opened Oct. 29.
Los Angeles,. The Southwest Museum has
moved into its new building, and its Munk
library of Arizoniana, containing over 7000
books, pamphlets, and manuscripts, is now
open to the public as a free reference library
every afternoon in the year. A catalog of the
collection, compiled by Hector Alliot, the
curator of the museum, has just been pub-
lished in a limited edition, under the title,
"Bibliography of Arizona."
Los Angeles P. L. Everett R. Perry, Ibn.
(26th annual rpt. — yr. ending July, 1914.) Ac-
cessions 20,442; total 227,894. Circulation
1.559,359. New registration 36,685; total 85,-
369. Receipts $172,316.00; expenditures $172,-
251.57, including $84,041.21 for salaries, $9,-
058.05 for binding, $19,328.45 for books, and
$3903.37 for periodicals.
The most important step taken during the
year was the removal of the main library to
its new quarters in the Metropolitan Building
(described in the November issue of the JOUR-
NAL). Two neAv. departments were organized
June i : the industrial department, which in-
cludes all reference and circulating titles per-
taining to the sciences and the useful arts,
with the exception of the books classified in
domestic economy; and the sociology depart-
ment, including foreign, federal, state, and city
documents and all municipal reference and
sociological books. The past year has shown
much additional use of the library, which is
probably due to the publicity work in charge
of the assistant librarian. The registration
for the past year shows a 20 per cent, increase.
There was also a large increase in the circu-
lation, especially foreign circulation. The ap-
preciation of books in their own language has
been shown by the Russian population of the
city, who contributed $25 for the purchase of
books. They are the only readers of foreign
literature who have contributed to the library.
The work of the children's department for
the past year has shown progress in many
directions. With fewer books than in the pre-
vious year, the main children's room shows an
increase in juvenile circulation of 2166. The
circulation of the playground libraries has
likewise grown. The total circulation here
for the past year was 64,768, and this in spite
of the fact that the playground libraries have
not been able to increase the number of open
hours, so often requested by the public. The
deposit station work has steadily increased,
the total number of stations last year being
43, and this year 61. During the year every
step not absolutely essential in the cataloging
processes has been eliminated; revision being
reduced to a minimum and analytics almost
entirely omitted, with the result that the books
reach the shelves quickly. With the renewal of
books by telephone allowed in the last half
year, 1500 people availed themselves of this
convenience. The pay duplicate collection which
was tried for the first time this year in the
branch libraries has had sufficient success to
justify its continuance. The Library School
curriculum has been extended and an extra
month added to the school year, giving eight
months of instruction instead of seven. It is
930
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[December, 1914
hoped in time to establish a Library School
in connection with the Los Angeles Public
Library. A tuition fee of $25.00 is required
of those who enter the training class from out
of the city, and who do not intend to take a
position in the Los Angeles Public Library.
A minimum salary of $50.00 a month is paid
after appointment to a regular position. Fif-
teen young women were given certificates in
the class of 1913-14.
Pasadena P. L. Nellie M. Russ, Ibn. (Rpt.
— yr. ending June 30, 1914.) Net accessions
4200; total 44,025. Circulation 280,418. New
registration 3171; total 12,776. Receipts $27,-
ooo; expenditures $26,979.52, including salaries
$13,990.22, books, magazines and music $6,-
492.05, pictures and mapo $100.90, subscriptions
to periodicals $874.92, binding $840.75.
Sacramento. The state library in the Capi-
tol closed Oct. 6 for an indefinite period, pend-
ing the completion of extensive and needed
repairs and alterations. One of the principal
improvements will be the installation of a
large passenger elevator, connecting all four
floors of the library, which take up in actual
floor space one-fourth of the state house. Ad-
ditional book racks and cases will also be in-
stalled.
San Francisco. Although the construction
of the new Public Library building cannot be
undertaken until the unsold bonds are dis-
posed of, it has been decided that the excava-
tion shall be done immediately and the foun-
dations for the edifice laid.
San Francisco P. L. Robert Rea, Ibn. (Rpt.
— yr. ending Je. 30, 1914.) Accessions 21,861 ;
total 144,360. Circulation 934,002. New regis-
tration 22,604; total 44,376. Receipts $136,-
682.24; expenditures $96,513.14, including $48,-
293-75 for salaries, $8101.82 for binding, $23,-
694.74 for books, and $1880.93 for periodicals.
Nearly 35 per cent, of the total expenditures
was spent in the purchase of books, periodicals
and binding, the increased expenditure going
far to build up the sections of fine arts, period-
icals, and technology. All records have been
entirely restored, the branches now have an
improved system of cataloging, making them
uniform with the library, and both member-
ship and circulation of the library have in-
creased 10 per cent, over the record for the
library at the time of its practical destruction
in the great fire.
Vacaville. The Carnegie Corporation has
allowed the city $12,500 for the building of a
library.
IDAHO
Harrison. Due to the efforts of the mem-
bers of the Fortnightly Club, Harrison, a
mountain saw-mill town of 1000 people, now
has a public library of 533 volumes and a
membership of one hundred and seventy. The
members of the Fortnightly Club take turns
serving as librarian.
UTAH
Salt Lake City. The new branch of the
Free Public Library at Sugar House was for-
mally opened Nov. i. The branch will be
known as the Sprague Library, so named in
honor of Miss Joanna Sprague, librarian of
the Packard Public Library. Circulation of
books began Nov. 2. Mrs. Robert Forrester
will have direct charge of the Sprague branch,
which has at present about 2300 books.
Canada
MANITOBA
Winnipeg L. J. P. Robertson, Ibn. (Annual
rpt. — yr. ending Nov. 30, 1913.) Accessions
1508; total 45,000. The appropriations for
salaries was $4060, and for other purposes
$4600. Expenditures for binding were $952,
for books $1814.45, and for periodicals $914.71.
ONTARIO
Collingwood. The board of trustees of the
Public Library has decided to extend the privi-
leges of the library free to the people of the
townships contiguous to Collingwood, and
these people are invited to use market day to
take home to their farms literature for recrea-
tion and for instruction. The library has a
Carnegie building, well planned and well ad-
ministered, which also houses the Huron In-
stitute, a historical collection of the early days
of the Georgian Bay district.
Foreign
GREAT BRITAIN
Warrington, P. L. Charles Madeley, Ibn.
(Rpt— yr. ending Je. 30, 1914.) Accessions
2147; totals 58,318. Circulation 91,030. Total
registration 4956.
BELGIUM
Louvain. A dispatch from Bordeaux to the
New York Sun, Nov. 8, stated that Henri
Bergson, presiding at a meeting of the Acad-
emy of Moral and Political Science in that
city, had announced the gift of the private
library of Arthur Raffalovitch to the library
December, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
931
of the University of Louvain. M. Raffalo-
vitch, who is a Russian privy councillor and
attache of the Russian ambassy in Paris and
a correspondent of the academy, has been
collecting his library for thirty years. M.
Bergson added that a committee is being
formed to reconstitute the library's funds. It
is said that the Germans removed the most
precious manuscripts before burning the li-
brary, so it is hoped that the treasures eventu-
ally will be restored to Louvain.
Louvain. The September issue of The
Library World contained a short article (p.
67-69) by Frank Hamal on "The libraries of
Louvain," inspired by the suggestion made by
certain English scholars that an expedition be
sent to Louvain to search for early printed
books and manuscripts which may still be
buried, unharmed, beneath the ruins of the
libraries. Louvain had three main libraries,
all possessing a considerable number of vol-
umes. The most important was the University
Library, with its 230,000 printed books, of
which between three and four hundred were
incunabula, about 350 manuscripts and more
than 500 newspapers. The second large library
was that belonging to the College of the Jes-
uits, which included 120,000 volumes (250 in-
cunabula). Besides these two institutions, the
town library contained over 15,000 volumes
and pamphlets, and there were also some in-
teresting archives at Pare Abbey, some little
distance from the town. No printed catalog
of the University Library existed in recent
years, but a manuscript catalog was to be
found at the library. A short sketch of the
early history of the University Library, from
the agitation which led to its establishment in
1627 down to the early part of the last cen-
tury, is given in the articles, with a brief de-
scription of some few of the priceless manu-
scripts for which search might be made.
INDIA
A meeting of the librarians of the traveling
libraries of the Social Service League was
held in Girgaum last February. It was re-
ported that in the preceding quarter the num-
ber of libraries had increased from 85 to 98,
and the number of books from 5000 to 6127.
During the quarter 900 books were received as
gifts. While the record of work accomplished
is satisfactory to the league, the members fear
that when the novelty has worn off, interest
will wane. To stimulate a taste for reading
among the masses it is suggested that readings
from interesting books be given on Sundays
and holidays. The establishment of additional
library centers was considered, and also rhe
sending of libraries to remote rural regions.
A change in transportation arrangements was
made, and henceforth the librarians of the
stations must secure the money for transpoita-
tion charges from their readers instead of
from the league funds.
Baroda. The report of the minister of edu-
cation on public instruction in the state of
Baroda for 1912-13 gives the following statis-
tics for the work of the libraries in the
state: "Thanks are due to the four District
Panchayats, the members of which fully ap-
preciated the practical good the libraries do
the people, and contributed the magnificent sum
of Rs. 24,500 for district libraries, Baroda
giving Rs. 12,000, Kadi Rs. 5000, Navsari Rs.
5000 and Amreli Rs. 2500. The total expen-
diture incurred on account of the Central Li-
brary Department amounted to Rs. 102,000,
the principal items being salaries Rs. 23,606,
contingencies Rs. 5412, books Rs. 17,081, peri-
odicals Rs. 1497, deadstock Rs. 9018, aid to
town and village libraries Rs. 37,107, travel-
ing libraries Rs. 2270, visual instruction branch,
Rs. 5285, scholarships Rs. 724. It will be ap-
parent from the above that the state spent a
large sum, considering it its duty not merely
to teach the people to read in childhood at
school but even through adult life. The Li-
brary Department has proved very useful and
its success is due to Mr. Borden and the
library staff who assisted him to make the
Library Department a success."
THE LIBRARIAN'S MOTHER GOOSE
XII. CHARGING DESK
One, two, — nothing to do.
Three, four, — open the door.
Five, six, — a book she picks.
Seven, eight, — stamp it straight.
Nine, ten, — come again.
—Ren'ee B. Stern.
LIBRARY WORK
Notes of developments in all branches of library activity, particularly as shown in
current library literature
Scope, Usefulness, Founding
Library in Relation to Schools
INSTRUCTION IN THE USE OF THE LIBRARY
During last year talks were given by the
New Haven Public Library to 800 children in
groups of varying sizes on various requested
subjects concerning the library and its books.
Some of these talks were given in school as-
sembly halls at special exercises, some were
given in classrooms and others at the library.
During May and June talks on the subject,
"The value of the library after school days
are over," were given in several schools to
those pupils of the eighth grade who were
obliged to go to work, and also talks to those
who intended to attend high school, on the use
which they might make of the library. One
hundred pupils from the junior class of the
Normal School received instruction in the use
of the card catalog and the value of the library
to the teacher. Talks were given to each divi-
sion of the class on the teacher's opportunity
to use the best in literature in the classroom.
Aside from these classes, 85 pupils from the
freshman class of the high school and from
the eighth grades of two other schools received
instruction in the use of the catalog and the
resources of the library.
Library Extension Work
INDUSTRIAL EXHIBIT
The George Smith Public Library at Junc-
tion City, Kan., has in its reading room a table
of industrial exhibits which are being used
extensively by the school children. There is a
wheat and flour exhibit, presented by the
Hogan Milling Company, and designed by Mr.
A. D. Nothstein; also a cotton exhibit from
the Coates Company, silk from Bel ding, all
the Standard Oil products, Lowney's chocolate,
asbestos, needles, and an International Har-
vester exhibit.
BETTER BABIES EXHIBIT
At a Better Babies Exhibit, held at Ozone
Park, Long Island, in July, the Queens Bor-
ough Public Library was prominently repre-
sented. Several telling bulletins were hung, a
bookcase was set up filled with books on the
care of babies and mothers, and on general
hygiene. Twelve lists of books on baby care,
children's physical culture, education, ethics
for children, eugenics, games and story telling,
hv^nie hygiene, eyes, ears, nose and teeth; in-
fant diseases, insects as disease carriers, milk,
and young mothers, were available for distri-
bution, and application forms for joining the
library were given to all interested persons.
A large proportion of the mothers present
knew little or nothing of what the library was
doing for the children, so a "scrapbook of the
children's work" — lettered and pasted for the
exhibit by Miss Doherty, of Flushing, under
the direction of the chief of the department —
was more or less a revelation. It contains
many photographs illustrating the work, with
brief descriptive texts for those which require
explanation. The contents of the large folio
scrapbook is as follows :
1. Location of branches and stations, with
dates of opening and diagram.
2. Some Carnegie branches.
3. Some rented quarters.
4. Every-day glimpses of the children in
branch libraries.
5. Story telling in the library: (a) regular,
. (&) special.
6. May day — wild flower day and "doll story
hours."
7. Clubs and reading circles.
8. Art exhibits.
9. Regular exhibits.
10. Work with schools.
11. Typical library stations.
12. Library story hours in playgrounds.
The branch librarians from two nearby
libraries were in attendance, one or the other
being constantly at the exhibit. They made
the acquaintance of many persons living in
the neighborhood, and interested them in the
library. More than two hundred babies were
enrolled, and the mother of every baby re-
ceived such of the lists as aroused her interest.
A short list was printed on postals and one
of them was mailed to every mother. These
were very successful in winning a response,
such as a visit to the library or enrollment as
a library member.
After the close of the Better Babies Exhibit,
the head nurse asked for the bulletins, which
were given her and carried down to the milk
station, a permanent institution, together with
some lists for distribution therefrom.
The lists of births are received from the
board of health, and one of the postals is
mailed to each mother.
December, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
933
Founding, Developing, and Maintaining
Interest
ADVERTISING SLIDES
In Council Bluffs, Iowa, slides like the fol-
lowing have been shown in moving-picture
theatres to advertise the public library:
If you want a Good
Book go to the
Public Library.
Open 9 A. M. to 9 P. M.
You will be welcome.
Do You know that
It is the Business
Of the Public Library
To lend Books and
Answer Questions?
Free— Yes— Free.
If You Wish to Read
The New Magazines
Go to the
Public Library.
If You Wish to Know
The Meaning of a Word
The Spelling of a Word
The Pronunciation of a Word
Telephone to the
Public Library.
ADVERTISING BOOKMARKS
The Greensboro (N. C.) Public Library has
issued some attractive bookmarks. They are
printed on light weight card board, and at the
top of each is a small half-tone of some object
in the library museum. For instance, one
picture shows two dolls. One, an old-tame
darky, with grizzled hair, is seated in his
wooden armchair, his banjo in his lap, while
beside him stands a little boy. Beneath is the
text to explain the picture:
Uncle Jack, of Bruce's Cross Roads,
Guilford County, was a real hero of
Revolutionary War times, beloved and
trusted by all his master's family, and
this little boy was the oldest child of that
family, Charles Bruce, Jr.
When the British soldiers came near
their plantation, faithful Uncle Jack took
his mistress and all the children seven
miles north to Hogan's Creek for safety.
He risked his own life to come back alone
that night for news, and next morning he
was able to tell his mistress that her
home had not been burned by the enemy.
GREENSBORO PUBLIC
LIBRARY
CARNEGIE BUILDING
EXHIBITS AT STATE FAIRS
Much interest was evinced in an exhibit at
the Kentucky State Fair, Sept. 14-19, which
was prepared by the Kentucky Library Com-
mission. This exhibit consisted of model
school libraries from the $10.00 and $15.00 lists
prepared for the rural schools of the state,
with samples of the regular agricultural and
school libraries sent out by the commission,
and a library map of the state. The commis-
sion's secretary was on hand to explain the
work and to distribute printed material on the
various activities of the commission. Results
already show the usefulness of the exhibit.
The Little Rock (Ark.) Public Library of-
fered an exhibit of much value to farmers
during the Pulaski county fair the first week
in November. Books dealing with agricultural
subjects were on display, and attaches of the
library were on hand to explain the method of
lending the books to the public.
LIBRARY POST CARDS
In the Dial of Oct. 16 comment is made on
the postcards issued by the British Museum to
call attention to its resources, including its
library. Says the Dial, "Necessarily it is but a
few of that library's three and one-half mil-
lion volumes that can thus be advertised, but
these chosen few are well worth the trouble
and expense involved. For example, the fa-
mous Gutenberg Bible is pictured for a penny to
many an interested person who will be glad to
take the hint and get sight of the volume itself ;
a page from an early Caxton is reproduced in
facsimile; the Greek fragment known as 'The
sayings of Jesus' is similarly photo-engraved,
and Nelson's last letter to Lady Hamilton, and
the earliest map of New York, known as 'The
Duke's Plan,' showing the topography of the
town in 1661 ; also the title-page to the Shake-
speare First Folio, and the first known map of
the British Isles, from Ptolemy's 'Cosmo-
graphia.' The Oxford University Press, ex-
pert in this species of art printing, manufac-
tures some, if not all, of these picture cards,
which are described as collotypes of an ex-
cellent quality. Numerous other objects of
interest besides books and manuscripts are
made to contribute to the variety and beauty
and instructiveness of this set of post caras."
The last report of the British Museum records
the fact that about 155,000 of these postcards
were sold during the year.
PUBLICITY
The Los Angeles Public Library has used
the following methods whereby wide publicity
934
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[December, 1914
has been secured with little expenditure. They
are described in the last annual report as fol-
lows:
"First, the use of newspaper lists and news
notes concerning new books and the work of
the library. Second, slides shown by thirty-six
motion-picture theaters in the center of the
city and also in the vicinity of the branches,
explaining the library service and giving loca-
tion, these slides run free by theater managers.
Third, book exhibits in store windows in vari-
ous parts of the city. Some of these were
prepared by the branch librarians in their
neighborhoods. Eighteen were shown in the
business section. During the first week of
September, a series of eight exhibits were
shown in the large stores on Broadway.
Through the co-operation of the merchants,
these were very attractively made, and drew
the attention of thousands of people to the
library's books. Ten thousand circulars, briefly
explaining the library's use, were distributed
from these eight stores. These exhibits have
been a most successful venture. Fourth, short
talks by library representatives at shop noon
hours, and at labor union meetings. These
have also been highly successful in attracting
men to read books, whether on their own oc-
cupations or good fiction and works of general
information. At many of these meetings, li-
brary cards were issued and books given out
to new patrons."
CO-OPERATION FROM PUBLIC SCHOOLS
The school board of Des Moines, Iowa, sup-
plied the shelving and the library board the
books, and as a result of the united efforts of
these two public institutions, a valuable col-
lection of books on vocational guidance, books
on business, trade catalogs, house organs,
etc., has been placed in the rotunda of the
Public Library. There are several hundred
books on vocational training. Two thousand
five hundred trade catalogs from all over
the country and covering all lines of business
are a feature of the collection.
CO-OPERATION WITH CLUBS
The week of Nov. 9-14 was a busy one for
the library of Binghamton, N. Y. The New
York State Federation of Women's Clubs held
its annual meeting in the city, and the Farm
Improvement Association of Broome County
its annual display and meeting.
Several months before the local chairman of
arrangements for the state federation meet-
ing requested Librarian William F. Seward
to make an exhibit at the library during
federation week. The official federation pro-
gram contained the following notice: "The
librarian of the Public Library invites all
visiting club women to view a special exhibit
of pink lustre and Bavarian ware, and Shera-
ton and other choice colonial furniture in the
art gallery of the library each afternoon and
evening." Material for the exhibition was
loaned by local collectors and owners. It
opened with an attendance of more than 200.
The newspapers carried notices of the exhibit
along with federation news, and also gave it
good special notices.
On Wednesday of that week, Mrs. Henry
Altman, a visiting delegate from Buffalo, gave
a talk at the library on "Our schools as social
centers," under the auspices of the Civic
Club.
Friday was the busiest day. The Farm Im-
provement Association held an all-day session,
also making an exhibit of prize apples and
potatoes. In the afternoon a feature of the
meeting was a public lecture on "Cooperation
in buying and selling for farmers," by C. C.
Mitchell. Logically following this was the
lecture in the evening by Mrs. Julian Heath
on "Market systems and the housewife," under
the auspices of the Civic Club.
Library Support. Funds
LIBRARY TAXES
How an increased library rate might affect
library administration. Wilfrid Robertshaw.
Lib. World, S., 1914. P- 81-87.
An increased library rate would mean almost
of necessity increased efficiency in library ad-
ministration. The writer proves this statement
by taking for example a typical stagnant li-
brary; increases the rate 50 per cent, and
shows just what an increased library rate
would mean not only for the financial aspect
of the library's work, but also for increasing
the efficiency of administration. He discusses
in turn and in detail the increases that would
be possible for salaries and staff, for book pur-
chases, for improved equipment and care of
buildings, and for additional printing and sta-
tionery.
The increased staff would make it possible
to keep the catalog adequate and up to date,
and there would be a better opportunity for
assistants to get experience in the various de-
partments. More money for books would
enable many a library to provide reading for
the blind in its community, now too often neg-
lected altogether. Library story-telling might
receive more attention, and educational socie-
ties and organizations be formed. A reference
library for business men could be formed and
an information bureau established. The final
December, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
935
improvement suggested would be the drawing
up of a definite code of rules for the guidance
of the staff and the preservation of uniformity
in the work.
RAISING FUNDS
The Ideal Club in Waukesha, Wis., has
compiled a cookbook called "The ideal way to
a man's heart," to be sold for the benefit of
the children's room of the Public Library.
Government and Service
Staff
CO-OPERATIVE LUNCHES
The employes of the Public Library in Wash-
ington, D C, have organized a co-operative
luncheon club that solves satisfactorily the high
cost of eating. Miss Ruth H. Todd, a member
of the staff, manages the club, and there are
about 60 members, or two-thirds of the libra-
ry staff. Six luncheons to each person are
served, one on each working day of the week,
in two shifts, one at noon and another to the
night force after 6 o'clock. The cost is 35
cents per week for each person.
These lunches are served in a neat, home-
like dining room. This is part of the library
equipment. It seats about thirty at a time.
The kitchen is equipped with a gas stove, sink
with running water, refrigerator, and a well-
filled china closet. Gas for cooking is supplied
by the library and one charwoman is assigned
to wash the dishes.
The services of the cook are paid for, $5 a
week, out of the weekly assessment of 35 cents
each, on which the club has thus far been con-
ducted.
Miss Todd gives the following account of the
organization and management of the club :
"By far the most difficult problem which pre-
sented itself was the selection of the week's
menu with an eye both to economy and effi-
ciency— that is, having the food selected in such
combinations as to be a well balanced meal.
We serve no tea, coffee or milk; such drinks
are, however, provided by individuals who de-
sire them. We do, however in addition to the
listed menu, serve bread and butter.
"A committee from the library went to the
commission merchants on Louisiana avenue to
get prices on staple articles, such as potatoes,
butter, olive oil, etc. We found by patronizing
these people and buying in wholesale quantities
that we could cut corners considerably. for
instance, we buy butter in ten-pound lots,
thereby saving from 3 to 4 cents on the retail
price; so with potatoes. Perishable things,
such as lettuce, celery and fresh tomatoes,
we purchase as needed at the Center market.
"Friday of each week the menu for the fol-
lowing week is prepared, an inventory of sup-
plies is taken and food for the entire week is
estimated on and purchased as far as possible
so as to relieve the purchaser of the daily care
of kitchen affairs. One menu is posted in the
kitchen for the guidance of the cook; another
is posted where it may be consulted by all
members of the staff, so that at any time if the
bill of fare is not personally pleasing any mem-
ber may supplement as he sees fit.
"The following menus, covering two weeks,
show exactly of what the luncheons consist:
"October 19-24 — Monday: Baked macaroni
with tomatoes, stewed apples, bread and butter
(with every luncheon). Tuesday: Irish stew,
prunes. Wednesday: Creamed potatoes, baked
stuffed tomatoes. Thursday: Hash brown po-
tatoes, lettuce and tomato salad. Friday:
Creamed tuna fish, baked potatoes. Saturday:
Baked rice and tomatoes, apples sliced and
stewed.
"October 26-31 — Monday: Baked salmon,
creamed potatoes. Tuesday: Baked beans,
stewed apples. Wednesday: Macaroni and to-
matoes, stewed peaches. Thursday: Tomato
bisque, rice and tomatoes. Friday: Corn pud-
ding^ stewed peaches. .Saturday: Beef loaf and
tomato sauce, baked apples.
"In no one article of food have we secured
better prices in buying wholesale than on meat.
We buy directly from a slaughter house and
the meat is the best of its kind. Needless to
say we cannot have meat every day, but, thanks
to such articles of food as beans, rice and po-
tatoes, we do not need it every day. Our aim
is to serve these simple articles of food in such
quantities as to be sufficient, so that no extra
food need be brought by anybody.
"We buy the bread in large loaves, at 8 cents,
a saving of 2 cents on the retail price.
"This plan is essentially co-operative. Every
member has a chance to voice his opinions and
preferences. All suggestions are gladly re-
ceived and, if at all feasible, are put into opera-
tion.
"Each member is required to pay cash in
advance. On Friday of each week each mem-
ber places an envelope inscribed with his name
and containing 35 cents in a box provided for
the purpose. Should any one omit to make
payment it is regarded as a sign that he does
not care to participate for the following week."
Administration
Treatment of Special Material
LANTERN SLIDES
The indexing of lantern slides; some brief
notes. A. W. Champkins. Lib. World, S.,
1914. p. 79-81.
936
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
{December, 1914
In this article the writer recommends the
use of regular cabinets for the storage of
lantern slides, and gives the following brief
notes descriptive of methods used in libraries
for their preparation and arrangement.
1. While it is impossible for all libraries to
make their own lantern slides, there are usu-
ally some parts of the work assistants can do.
Where there are portions of a slide which it
is not desirable to show on a screen, the li-
brary assistant can easily perform the opera-
tion of concealing these parts, termed "mask-
ing." This consists of sticking specially pre-
pared gummed paper on to the plate.
2. Every slide should be "spotted," that is,
the top should be marked in some way, in
order that the picture may be projected on the
screen in the correct position.
3. The title of the slide should be placed
below the picture, the class mark on the left-
hand side — for each slide should be classified
as if it were a book — and a folio number on
the right-hand side.
4. The slide should be bound in strips of
white binding, and the class marks carried on
to the binding at the upper left-hand corner,
white side of mask facing reader.
The index should be' made on cards and
may be arranged in any definite order, either
under the place name, or classified according
to subject.
Specimen forms are given of both the slide
and the index card.
INDEXING LOCAL NEWSPAPERS
The librarian as local historian. The Libra-
rian, Jl., 1914. p. 419-422.
It is conceded that every public library
should collect material for the history of its
locality. The greatest mine of information is
in the local paper, and properly indexed, it
would form a history of the district for the
future. In considering this, two points must
be borne in mind: (i) how the work
can be done best; and (2) who should
bear the cost.
A cumulative index on cards is considered
the best form, with alphabetical arrangement.
The most satisfactory way of handling the
task would be the formation of a small special
department of the town's work, and every
locality should have a special grant from the
local council to carry on the work. A national
index also might be compiled by the British
Museum, in compiling which all local papers
should be included.
It is estimated that the average total cost of
the index would be from three to four shillings
weekly for each local paper.
MAPS, STORAGE OF
The library of the American Society of Civil
Engineers in New York City uses the follow-
ing method of filing the two thousand or more
topographic atlas sheets published by the
United States Geological Survey. The maps
are arranged by states, mounted on heavy
manila paper and tied together, ten sheets to a
section, in the order in which they are received.
By folding the manila paper for a depth of
three-quarters of an inch at the back of each
sheet and reinforcing it in three places by
pieces of muslin, a hinge is provided where
holes are punched and the sheets are tied with
soft untwisted cable cord.
In section number one, for each state, is the
key map on which every sheet in that state is
^indexed by putting its section number in the
upper left corner of the quadrangle represent-
ing that sheet on the key map.
The unique part of this system of filing,
however, is the map case, the invention of Dr.
Charles Warren Hunt, secretary of the society.
It stands two sections high, four feet two and
a half inches from the floor, with vertical divi-
sions allowing the maps to stand upright, and
with openings on both sides of the case dove-
tailed into each other. Fifty maps or five sec-
tions are allowed to each space. Because the
spaces are made to fit the maps as mounted,
they are $l/2 inches wide at the front and 1^4
inches wide at the back, so that the thin edge
of each section is held firmly in the narrow
portion, and the space saved on this part forms
the wide portion on the other side of the case.
The advantages are: (i) Economy of space.
A case 28 x 25x x 20^ inches will hold four
hundred and fifty maps. (2) Accessibility. The
maps stand upright, arranged by states alpha-
betically with the name of the state marked
plainly over each section. (3) Preservation.
No crumpling of the maps by catching in the
edge of drawers.
Accession
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS
Public documents in a small library. lone
Armstrong. Iowa Lib. Quar., Jl.-S., 1914. p.
103-106.
Public documents for a non-depository li-
brary should be chosen with a view to the
needs of that special library. Some of the
single documents which are recommended to
even the smallest libraries are : "Dictionary of
altitudes," published by the U. S. Geological
Survey; "Handbook of American Indians,"
published by the Bureau of American Ethnol-
ogy; the 'Special report on the diseases of
cattle and cattle feeding," and "Special report
December, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
937
on the diseases of the horse," both published
by the Bureau of Animal Industry; "Abraham
Lincoln, James A. Garfield, William McKinley,"
a collection of memorial addresses delivered
in Congress and published by Congress; also
the "Statistics of public, society, and school li-
braries having 5,000 volumes and over in 1908."
The best and quickest way to secure docu-
ments is through your congressman or senator.
When unnecessary bound volumes have accu-
mulated in the library they should be returned
to the superintendent of documents. This can
be done free by sending to the local post office
or to the superintendent of documents for mail
sacks and mailing franks.
Public documents should be classified, cata-
loged, and arranged on the shelves like any
other books, putting the smaller ones in pam-
phlet boxes, and the more important ones in
pamphlet binders.
"U. S. government documents in small libra-
ries," by J. I. Wyer, Jr., published by the
A. L. A. Publishing Board, is perhaps the best
aid in selecting documents for the small li-
brary. The A. L. A. Catalog, 1904, and the
Booklist also have helpful annotated lists of
public documents.
LOAN BOOK COLLECTIONS
The Danielson (Ct.) Public Library has
reserved a shelf for books lent to the library
by private individuals. These books will be
loaned in the same manner as are other vol-
umes. In many homes there are books that
have been read by the family and may not be
soon, if ever, read again. The owners do not
care to give them away, but are willing the
public library should have the use of them for
a limited time.
Classification
DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION (DEWEY'S)
Some thoughts on Dewey. J. E. Walker.
Lib. World, Jl., 1914. p. 23-26.
The Dewey classification, as practically the
first in the field, has now an international rec-
ognition of its symbols. Nevertheless, the
writer criticizes the class Religion, in which
there is no place for a general work on Chris-
tianity. The Literature classes are also criti-
cized and some changes suggested. Through-
out the scheme many subjects are insufficiently
divided for English purposes, and expansion
of certain sections is necessary before it can
be satisfactorily applied.
Loan Department
PARCEL POST BOOK DELIVERY
The Queens Borough Public Library has
put into effect in three of its branches a sys-
tem of parcel post delivery. The idea was
derived from the Bulletin of the Washington
Public Library, under the librarianship of Mr.
George F. Bowerman, and his methods adopt-
ed in toto. The borrowers make a deposit
of $1.00 and all postage paid by the library and
fines due are punched off on his card. Mem-
bers return books at their own expense, send-
ing a list of preferred books with their card
for punching in a separate envelope by letter
postage. The library retains a duplicate of the
member's card so that the account is always
the same. The member can have the unex-
pended balance returned at any time on re-
quest.
WITHDRAWN BOOKS
At the Rockford (111.) Public Library, when-
ever books are withdrawn and not replaced,
the cards are removed from the catalog and
the author cards are filed in the catalog room
with the reason why the book is not replaced
stamped or written on the card. This list was
begun soon after the library moved into its
present building, and has grown to consider-
able proportions now. It does not contain the
titles of books discarded when the library was
reclassified, but they may be found in the old
printed catalog, which thus in a way supple-
ments the card list. The list is often consulted
when questions arise about books which have
formerly been in the library, and it has settled
many a controversy.
General Libraries
For Special Classes
NEGROES, WORK WITH
Good reading for negroes. I. The Louis-
ville Free Library. George T. Settle. South-
ern Workman, O., 1914. p. 536-540.
A description of the work and resources of
the Eastern and Western colored branches of
the Louisville Free Public Library. The West-
ern branch was the first of its kind in ex-
istence.
Good reading for negroes. II. A Memphis
library. Cecelia K. Yerby. Southern Work-
man, O., 1914- P- 541-543.
A sketch of the colored school department
of the Cossitt Library, established in Septem-
ber, 1913. The plan of work has been to visit
the schools and find what class of literature
each pupil is interested in. If he has no pref-
erence, an effort is made to select for him a
book or magazine that will both interest and
benefit him and tend to create an interest in
other books. Weekly story hours have been
held in one branch, with occasional use of the
stereopticon. A branch has been opened in
938
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[December, 1914
rooms of the Howe Collegiate Institute, an
institution owned and controlled by the negro
Baptists of Tennessee.
For Special Classes — Children
STORY-HOUR
Suggestions for the beginning of a story-
hour in the small library. Grace Shellenberger.
Iowa Lib. Quar., Jl.-S., 1914. P- 100-102.
If the story-hour is a new adventure, one
of the first requisites is a good announcing.
A bulletin in a conspicuous place will catch
the eyes of most of the children who frequent
the library, but an announcement by the teach-
ers in the schools will interest more. Still
better results will follow if the librarian makes
the announcement herself in each room. The
place for holding the story must be such as to
contribute to a cozy intimate atmosphere.
When it is necessary to use the assembly roomt
use only a part of it, one corner, perhaps.
Some very successful story-hours have been
conducted with children sitting on the floor.
The time, which is an individual problem, when
once decided, should be an established rule.
The story need not be an hour in length. A
half hour is long enough as a regular thing.
The preparation of the story requires a gcod
deal of time. If the librarian is so busy that
she cannot do it wisely, it is often possible to
find someone who will gladly share the work.
It is not fair to the children to let some person
who has no knowledge of what the children
like and need in the matter of stories, take
this opportunity to secure the practice she de-
sires. The purpose of the story-hour is not
only to give the child keen delight, but to
arouse interest in books which have heretofore
been sealed to him.
ENCOURAGING GOOD READING
The librarian at Pottsville, Pa., has pub-
lished a list of books on different countries,
in the shape of a folded bookmark, for chil-
dren. The list is entitled "Travels via the
rocking-chair," and every continent is included.
A roll of honor is being kept, and on it is
placed the name of every child that reads one
book on each country listed. If all the books
(45 titles) are read, a star is put against the
child's name on the honor roll.
School Libraries
SELF-GOVERNMENT IN A HIGH SCHOOL LIBRARY
In a letter to the LIBRARY JOURNAL Miss
Lucile F. Fargo, librarian of the North Cen-
tral High School in Spokane, Wash., describes
the system of student government in opera-
tion there. She says:
"The plan of student self-government which
is in operation in the North Central High
School Library is very simple. A 'library
board' composed of eleven students elected
from the three upper classes for a term of one
year is the backbone of the system. The
board elects a president, a secretary, and a
reporter for the school paper from its own
number, and makes all rules governing con-
duct in the library. It appoints two monitors,
a girl and a boy, for each period of the school
day. It is the duty of these monitors to keep
order and to check attendance, and it is their
privilege to suspend from the library any stu-
dent who infringes upon the rules of the
board. A student thus suspended is required
to appear before the board at its next regular
meeting together with the monitor who sus-
pended him. Each states his case, after which
both are sent from the room and the board
passes judgment and inflicts such penalties as
it sees fit. The secretary of the board keeps a
card record of all cases and sends out all
necessary notices to session-room teachers.
Members of the board take charge of the
library during the noon hour in the absence
of the librarian, and also maintain order be-
fore and after school.
"The policy of the principal of the school
and of the librarian and teachers concerning
action taken by the board is distinctly ' 'Hands
off.' Unwise rulings have been extremely
rare.
"The arguments for such a plan are the
ones usually advanced in favor of student
government elsewhere — the value of student
responsibility, training in the ways of good
citizenship, the development of a spirit of co-
operation and helpfulness. But student gov-
ernment in the library has further advantages.
It leaves the librarian free to do real library
work — to visit classes and to hold them ; to
give herself wholly to the student who needs
her. In the North Central High School a
small room adjoining the library is used as a
stack-room. With the knowledge that the
order in the library will not be affected by her
absence, the librarian is able to make of this
stack-room a consulting room where debaters,
teachers, or pupils in need of special help may
be met and talked with freely.
"The business of a school librarian takes
her into every part of the school — even to the
janitor's quarters. Her helpfulness depends
very largely on her freedom. Any plan which
provides such freedom is useful. Student gov-
ernment has gone a long way towards doing
this in the North Central High School. It
is a success."
December, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
939
Reading and Aids
Courses of Reading
READING CIRCLES
The organization and conduct of reading
circles; adult and junior. William J. Harris.
Lib. World, S., 1914. p. 69-73.
The success of a circle depends very consid-
erably upon its leader. The leader selected
should be well read and broad-minded, and
have infinite tact and courtesy. The choice
of the subject is of great importance; subjects
of little depth or authors of small reputation
are to be avoided.
The method of conducting the adult reading
circle of the Bromley Public Library is de-
scribed and specimen programs given. A
short biographical essay always opens the
meeting, followed by selected readings from
the author chosen, and the evening closes with
a lo-minute critical essay and a general dis-
cussion. Junior circles are also conducted.
Five scholars each from six schools are se-
lected by the. head teachers, scholars who
would most benefit by the training in read-
ing which the circle affords. The children
meet once a week. The procedure differs
somewhat from that of the adult circle in that
the leader generally does all the reading. The
attendances average 28 out of a possible 30
members.
Aids to Readers
BOOK SELECTION HELPS FOR READERS
Various suggestive lists of books, some of
them compiled in the New Haven Public Li-
brary, and some taken from the bulletins of
other libraries, were placed in a scrap-book
belonging to the library last spring. This book
is kept in the open shelf room and has proved
useful both to the public and the library at-
tendants. Another plan to aid the general
reader in the choice of books was carried out
during the fall by pasting a descriptive and
critical annotation in the front of each book
in the permanent collection of "Some of the
best novels." Annotations were also placed in
the current additions of new books in all
classes, so far as the material for such annota-
tion was obtainable from the Book Review
Digest. The reference department has done
the work connected with the annotation of new
books.
Character of Reading in Libraries
FICTION.
The place of fiction to-day in libraries.
W. C. Berwick Sayers. Lib. Assn. Record,
Je., 1914- P. 273-280.
(i) The novel in intrinsic importance oc-
cupies as high a place as any form of unim-
aginative literature, and its proper representa-
tion in libraries is a just public requirement;
(2) a decline in the reading of fiction is pos-
sibly a reflection of a decline in other valuable
social qualities, and is not necessarily to be
applauded; (3) a constant sifting process is
necessary in which the law of demand shall
be allowed to operate naturally, so that all
novels for which public demand is sufficient
to encourage publishers to issue them has
ceased, shall disappear; (4) in selection, the
new shall not be superseded by the old simply
to maintain the completeness of catalogs; (5)
a new terminology for non-fiction and a classi-
fication of fiction itself are desirable.
Bfblfograpbical motes
Mr. William Beer, librarian of the Howard
Memorial Library of New Orleans, has had
reprinted from the Pennsylvania Magazine of
History and Biography a list of material for
Louisiana genealogy which he had compiled,
and which he will be glad to distribute to
genealogists, on request.
"Good stories for great holidays" is the
title of a new book by Miss Frances Olcctt,
which the Houghton Mifflin Company are
bringing out this autumn. The book contains
120 stories, gathered from various sources,
suitable to be read or told to children in cele-
bration of seventeen of our most important
holidays.
Mr. John Cotton Dana has recently bad
published by the Elm Tree Press of Wood-
stock, Vt., a little book called "American art:
how it can be made to flourish." Only 200
copies were printed, and the type distributed.
Mr. Dana calls it No. i of the Hill of Corn
series, and plans to print other small books in
similar style, at $i each.
The Wisconsin Free Library Commission
has been sending out to librarians in the state
a mimeographed list of children's books suit-
able for Christmas purchase, supplementary to
the list printed in the Wisconsin Library Bul-
letin in October, 1913. Both lists were pre-
pared by Miss Marion Humble, instructor in
children's literature in the Library School of
the University of Wisconsin, and include both
inexpensive and finely illustrated editions.
A new edition of Gilbert O. Ward's "Prac-
tical use of books and libraries" has been
brought out by the Boston Book Co. The
chapter on Reference books has been con-
940
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[December, 1914
siderably enlarged and that on Magazines has
also been revised to bring it down to date.
Many minor changes have been made and a
list of abbreviations commonly found in books
or in library catalogs has been added, increas-
ing the usefulness of the book to one inex-
perienced in the use of library tools.
The free public library of Jersey City re-
cently published three pamphlets describing
the government of the city, county, and state
in which the library is located. The publica-
tions have been prepared primarily for the use
of the schools and are brief and elementary,
but more advanced students will find them
useful. Although dealing only with local con-
ditions, they have considerable interest owing
to the fact that one of the pamphlets describes
the operation of commission government in the
largest city in which it has been introduced,
and the other explains the government of a
typical New Jersey county. The titles of these
latest monographs published by the library are
"Brief outline of the government of New
Jersey," "Brief outline of the government of
Hudson county," and "Brief outline of the
government of Jersey City."
The Library Miscellany for February-May,
just come to hand, devotes a large part of its
English section to affairs bibliothecal in Amer-
ica. There is a long descriptive article on the
Library of Congress, with exterior and interior
views; a biographical sketch of Andrew Car-
negie, with portrait, and a summary state-
ment of the various funds he has established;
a description of the unusual collection of
Biblical manuscripts contained in the Libra-
ry of the Jewish Theological Seminary, in
New York city, and also of the library itself;
short articles on the instruction given in Amer-
ican schools and colleges on the use of libra-
ries, on the traveling libraries of the New York
Public Library, and on the training of Ameri-
can school children in the art of reading.
There is in addition a "Survey of Marathi
literature," concerning which very little has
been written in English; a report of the first
Andra Desa library conference; a description
of the Mackenzie collection of Oriental manu-
scripts in Madras; and an account of the un-
veiling of an equestrian statue to the Maha-
raja Gaekwar of Baroda, the patron of libra-
ries in India.
"The literature of the war," which was first
printed in the Bulletin of the New York Pub-
lic Library for August, was reprinted with
additions, in November. It is a running com-
ment on about a hundred and forty of the
books, old and new, which have a direct bear-
ing on the present struggle in Europe.
RECENT BOOKS ON LIBRARY ECONOMY
INDEXES
Manchester, Mrs. Earl N., ed. A. L. A. index
to general literature; supplement, 1900-1910; a cu-
mulation of the Index to general literature sections of
the Annual Literary (Library) Index, 1900 to 1910
inclusive, to which has been added analytical en-
tries to 125 books heretofore unanalyzed in print.
A. L. A. Pub. Board. 223 p.
RECENT BIBLIOGRAPHIES
FOR SPECIAL CLASSES
BUSINESS MEN
Detroit (Mich.) Public Library. Books for busi-
ness men. 22 p.
CHILDREN
Louisville Free Public Library. Children's books;
reprinted from "Some books in the . . . library of
interest to Catholic readers. 4 p.
SUBJECT BIBLIOGRAPHIES
AMERICANA
A selected list of important books on American
affairs, public questions, colonial problems, imperial
and foreign relations, life, conditions, ideals, etc.
Lauriat. 16 p.
ARIZONA
Alliot, Hector. Bibliography of Arizona; being
the record of literature collected by Joseph Amasa
Munk, M.D., and donated by him to the Southwest
Museum of Los Angeles, California. Los Angeles:
The Museum. 431 p. $3.50.
BERNADOTTE, JEAN BAPTISTS JULES
Barton, Dunbar Plunket. Bernadotte; the first
phase, 1763-1799, Scribner. ioj4 P- bibl. $3 n.
BIBLE
Jewish Theological Seminary of America. Bib-
lical manuscripts and books in the library (mostly
from the Sulzberger collection); exhibited at the
annual meeting of the Society of Biblical Literature
and Exegesis. . . . Dec. 29-30, 1913. 15 p.
Jewish Theological Seminary of America. Bib-
lical manuscripts and rare prints (mostly from the
Sulzberger collection) ; exhibited at ... the celebra-
tion of the completion of the Bible revision, Feb.
10, 1914. 15 p.
Wood, Rev. Irving Francis, and Grant, Rev.
Elihu. The Bible as literature: an introduction.
New York: Abingdon Press. 5 p. bibl. $1.50 n.
BIOGRAPHY
Slossqn, Edwin Emery. Major prophets of to-
day. Little, Brown, bibls. $1.50 n.
BIOLOGY
Erode, Howard S. Books on biology for boys and
girls. Walla Walla, Wash.: Whitman College. 18 p.
(Whitman College Quarterly. Vol. 17, no. 2.)
BjORNSON, BjORNSTJERNE
Bibl., Jl., 1914. p. 69-71.)
BOY SCOUTS
Boy Scouts of America, Handbook for scout mas-
ters, Boy Scouts of America. New York: Nat.
Council of Boy Scouts of Amer. 13 p. bibl. 50 c.
BUSINESS
Lyon, Theodore Bird. How to sell bonds. New
York: The author, 55 Wall St. 3 p. bibl. $i.
Page, Edward Day. Trade morals, their origin,
growth, and province. New Haven, Ct. : Yale Univ.
7J4 p. bibl. $1.50.
Rogers, Edward Sidney. Good will, trade-marks
and unfair trading. Chicago: A. W. Shaw Co. 3 p.
bibl. $2.50.
CHRISTIANITY
Coleman, Christopher Bush. Constantine the Great
and Christianity; three phases: the historical, the
legendary, and the spurious. Longmans. ii# ?•
bibl. $2.00. (Columbia University studies in history,
economics, and public law.)
December, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
941
CHURCH HISTORY
Bevan, Wilson Lloyd. Church history, mediaeval
and modern. Sewanee, Tenn.: Univ. of the South.
15 p. bibl. $1.50. (Sewanee theological library.)
GIBBER, COLLEY
Croissant, De Witt Clinton. Studies in the work
of Colley Cibber. Lawrence, Kan.: Univ. of Kansas,
1912. 5 p. bibl. 50 c. (Humanistic studies.)
ClCER9
Sihler, Ernest Gottlieb. Cicero of Arpinum; a
political and literary biography; being a contribution
to the history of ancient civilization and a guide to
the study of Cicero's writings. New Haven, Ct.:
Yale Univ. 8 p. bibl. $2.50 n.
CLARK. GEORGE ROGERS.
Clark, George Rogers. George Rogers Clark pa-
pers, 1771-1781; edited with introduction and notes
by James Alton James. Springfield, 111.: Illinois
State Historical Library, bibls. (Collections; Vir-
ginia ser.)
CRIME
Henderson, Charles Richmond. The cause and
cure of crime. McClurg. 4 p. bibl. 50 c. n.
(National social science ser.)
CRUNDEN, FREDERICK MORGAN
Bostwick, Arthur E.. ed. Frederick Morgan
Crunden; a memorial bibliography. St. Louis Pub-
lic Library. 67 p.
DENTISTRY
Talbot, Eugene Solomon. Interstitial gingivitis
and pyorrhoea alveolaris. Toledo, O.: Ransom &
Randolf, 1913. 4 p. bibl. $4.00 n.
DETECTIVE STORIES
Louisville Free Public Library. Detective stories
and tales of mystery new and old in the . . . library.
4 P.
ECONOMICS
Seligman, Edwin Robert Anderson. Principles of
economics; with special reference to American con-
ditions. Longmans. 35 p. bibl. $2.50. (American
citizen ser.)
ETHICS
Robinson, Clarence C. Christian teaching on so-
cial and economic questions confronting older boys
and young men. New York: Association Press. 4 p.
bibl. 50 c.
EUGENICS
Eugenics; an outline . . . and bibliography for
reference and class work. . . . Menomonie, Wis. :
The Stout Institute, 1913. 15 p.
EUROPEAN WAR
Books on the European war. (In Publ. Weekly,
O. 31. p. 1386-1399.)
Europe and the war. (In Bull, of the Salem P. L.,
O., 1914- P- 139-140.)
The European war. (In Brockton P. L. Quar.
Bull., Jl.-S., 1914. p. 22-24.)
Reading list on the war in Europe; the countries
involved, and modern warfare in general. (In New
Haven F. P. L. bull., O., 1914. P- 19-20.)
EUTHENICS
Euthenics; an outline . . . and bibliography for
reference and class work. . . . Menomonie, Wis.:
The Stout Institute, 1913. 15 p.
EYE
Malone, Edward Fall. The nuclei tuberis laterales
and the so-called ganglion opticum basale. Balti-
more: Johns Hopkins Press. 7 P- bibl. $i n.
(Johns Hopkins Hospital reports.)
HOUSES AND HOUSING
The evolution of the house and home; an outline
. . . and bibliography for reference and class work
. . . Menomonie. Wis.: The Stout Institute, 1913.
8 p.
List of titles in the Philippine Library on health
and hygiene. (In Bull, of the Philippine L., Ag.,
1914. p. 241-243.)
IMMIGRATION
Tupper, George William. Foreign-born neighbors.
Boston: Taylor Press, n p. bibl. $i n.
IOWA AUTHORS
Marple, Alice. Iowa authors and their works; a
contribution toward a bibliography. Tentative ed.
Des Moines: Historical Dept. of Iowa. 151 p.
JEWELRY
Gundelach, Edith A. List of books and articles
on hand-wrought jewelry. (In St. Louis. P. L.
Bull., O., 1914. p. 289-290.)
LABOR
Freeman, Arnold. Boy life and labour; the man-
ufacture of inefficiency; preface by M. E. Sadler.
New York: Survey Associates. 16 p. bibl. $i.
LIBRARIES, BIBLICAL
Richardson, Ernest Gushing. Biblical libraries;
a sketch of library history from 3400 B. C. to A. D.
150. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton Univ. Press. 6#
p. bibl. $1.25 n.
MARRIAGE
The evolution of marriage and of the family; an
outline and bibliography for reference and class
work. . . . Menomonie, Wis.: The Stout Institute,
1913- 9 P-
MARYLAND
Morriss, Margaret Shove. Colonial trade of Mary-
land, 1689-1715. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press.
3*A p. bull. $1.25. (Johns Hopkins Univ. studies
in historical and political science.)
MEREDITH, GEORGE
Esdaile, Arundell, comp. A chronological list of
George Meredith's publications, 1849-1911. Scrib-
ner. 65 p. $2.40 n.
MOVING PICTURES
List of references on motion pictures. (In Spec.
Libs., S., 1914. p. 107-113.)
NEW ENGLAND — HISTORY
Walker, Prof. Williston, comp. The religious his-
tory of New England prior to the nineteenth cen-
tury. Special reading list, no. 19. (In Bull, of the
General Theological Library, O., 1914. p. 10-14.)
PERU
Todd, Millicent. Peru, a land of contrasts. Lit-
tle, Brown. 6 p. bibl. $2.00 n.
PHYSIOGRAPHY
Tarr, Ralph Stockman. C9llege physiography;
published under the editorial direction of Lawrence
Martin. Macmillan. bibls. $3.50 n.
PRINTING, HISTORY OF
The history of printing, shown in examples from
many presses. (In The Newarker, Jl., 1914- P-
A list selected from books in the Newark Public
Library.
PROSTITUTION
Roe, Clifford Griffith. The girl who disappeared.
Chicago: Saul Bros. 5 p. bibl. $i.
PSYCHOLOGY
Watson, John Broadus. Behavior; an introduction
to comparative psychology. Holt, bibls. $1.75.
RECREATION
Forbush, William Byron. Manual of play. Jacobs.
I7J4 p. bibl. $1.50 n.
Weir, Lebert Howard, and Durham, Stella Walker,
A practical recreation manual for schools. Salem,
Ore.: State Printing Dept. bibls.
RELIGIOUS ORDERS
Muzzey, David Saville. The spiritual Franciscans.
Washington, D. C. : Amer. Historical Assn. 19 p.
bibl. $1.50. (Prize essays.)
RENAISSANCE
Sichel, Edith. The Renaissance. Holt. 3^ p.
bibl. 50 c. n. (Home university library of modern
knowledge.)
RHODE ISLAND
Chapin, Howard Millar. Bibliography of Rhode
Island bibliography. Providence, R. I. : Rhode Island
Historical Society, up. 50 c.
ROBBIA, LUCA DELLA
Marquant, Allan. Lucca della Robbia. Prince-
ton, N. J. : Princeton Univ. Press, bibls. $7.50 n.
(Princeton monographs in art and archaeology.)
942
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[December, 1914
ECEHowe, Daniel Wait. Political history of seces-
sion; to the beginning of the American Civil War.
Putnam. 4 p. bibl. $3.50 n.
Sex instruction; an outline ... and bibliography
for reference and class work. . . . Menomome, Wis. :
The Stout Institute. 18 p.
SOCIAL HYGIENE
List of titles to books and magazine articles on
one mother problem. (In Bull, of the Philippine L.,
Ag., 1914- P- 244-245.)
SOCIAL SERVICE
Ward, Harry Frank, comp. and ed. A year book
of the church and social service in the United
States. . . . Revell. 21 p. bibl. 50 c. n.
Woman in social service; an outline . . . and
bibliography for reference and class work. . . .
Menomonie, Wis.: The Stout Institute. 29 p.
SOCIOLOGY, RURAL
What the city owes to the country, and why. (In
The Newarker, Jl.f 1914. p. 554-555.)
TECHNOLOGY
Anderton, Basil, ed. Catalogue of books on the
useful arts in the Central Libraries [Newcastle-
upon-Tyne], 1903-1914; a supplement to the original
catalogue of 1903. Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Eng.: Pub.
Libs. Committee. 209 p.
Detroit Public Library. Industrial arts; selected
list. 64 p.
THEOLOGY
Vedder, Henry Clay. The gospel of Jesus and the
problems of democracy. Macmillan. nj4 p. bibl.
$1.50 n.
TROUBADOURS
Aubry, Pierre. Trouveres and troubadours; a
popular treatise; translated from the second French
edition by Claude Aveling. New York: G. Schir-
mer. 4 p. bibl. $1.50 n.
VOYAGES AND TRAVELS
Titles of books and collections in the Filipiniana
division [of the Philippine Library] relating to voy-
ages and travels. Part n. (In Bull, of the Philip-
pine L., Ag., 1914. p. 243-244.)
WATER RIGHTS
Hermann, H. B. Meyer, comp. List of references
on water rights and the control of waters. Library
of Congress, up. 15 c.
YALE
Stokes, Rev. Anson Phelps? jr. Memorials of
eminent Yale men; a biographical study of student
life and university influence during the eighteenth
and nineteenth centuries. 2 v. New Haven, Ct.:
Yale Univ. bibls. $10 n.
Communications
THE PROPOSED CODE FOR CLASSIFIERS
Editor Library Journal:
The A. L. A. Committee on Code for
Classifiers has sent out to some fifty libra-
rians and classifiers mimeographed copies of
the data collected by its chairman, for the
purpose of eliciting comment and criticism.
The undersigned, as an active classifier and
a member of the Committee, submits the fol-
lowing comments on the review which was
printed in the LIBRARY JOURNAL for Novem-
ber:
It seems to me necessary, and quite in keep-
ing with the purpose of the A.L. A., to attempt
an organization of the general practice gov-
erning our work, irrespective of the system
used and of the demands of libraries serving
a special purpose. We are trying to ascertain
the average practice of libraries in shelving
typical forms of literature, books dealing with
combinations of subjects, books serving diver-
sified purposes, books revealing definite influ-
ences, or disclosing tangible factors, in such
a way that the result represents a logical and
purposeful organization. In order to do this,
we librarians have made a study of the vari-
ous schemes proposed for the philosophical
organization of human thought and effort,
and our study has been applied to the arrange-
ment of libraries in a number of ways. Dr.
Dewey, Mr. Cutter, Dr. Hartwig, Mr. Mar-
tel, and several others, have each proposed
definite schemes for a fixed localization of
books. But an arrangement of subjects in
logical order is one thing, its application is
another. No system of classification devised
and in actual use gives more than an indica-
tion of what may be done in the placing of
books in a library. The committee now at
work attempts to define what actually is done,
and presumably should be done, by way of
actual practice.
I quite agree with the reviewer that it is
highly necessary to correlate the three classi-
fication systems now more or less generally
used (the Decimal, the Expansive, and the L.
C.). But all of them are still in a state of real
or projected development and amplification.
It is much more necessary for us to record
what is done in adjusting the classification
scheme, whatever it be, to the books as we meet
them in our work, day by day. For classifi-
cation certainly means more than locating
books according to their obvious topics and
intended use. It means a mastery of sub-
jects and their forms in literature, a general
knowledge of their relations, an intelligent
-view of the whole field of literature, and a
capability of effecting a historical continuity
in the application of the library's practice to
these ever-changing conditions. Thus human
anatomy in the past was oftentimes termed
anthropology (not in the sense of ethnology),
and efficiency and scientific management were
known under other names previous to their
present development. Should material on the
smoke problem be shelved with municipal
government, public hygiene, or sanitary engi-
neering? Should books on the building and
sailing of ships be shelved prevailingly with
one or the other topic? Should the docu-
ments from adjutants general and treasurers
of state be placed with state documents or
respectively with military science and public
finance? Should military science or should
history prevail for description of battles?
Should doctors' dissertations be shelved col-
December, 1914]
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
943
lectively or individually? Should periodical
publications on special subjects issued by uni-
versities be treated as periodicals or as uni-
versity publications? Should commercial ge-
ography be considered prevailingly commerce,
or geography? Should Christian science be
shelved in philosophy, religion, or medicine?
Should biographies of medical men be shelved
in general medicine or with the possible spe-
cialties (e.g., surgery, ophthalmology) ? Is
military aeronautics to be shelved with mili-
tary science or with aeronautics? What ge-
ographic subdivision should collect material
designated as oriental?
In the John Crerar Library, we find it use-
ful to hold meetings known as council meet-
ings, its members being the chiefs of staff and
its leader and moderator the librarian, which
body debates and decides all important prob-
lems of procedure of the kind exemplified
above; the decisions are recorded and kept on
file. Decisions of this kind are absolutely
necessary. It is necessary to decide what is
best, on general principles, to do with the sub-
ject of general biology including, as it does,
the principles of animal and vegetable forms
and expressions of life, in some cases human
physiology in addition. It seems best, for
general purposes, to let zoology prevail for
animal and vegetable physiology, and to let
human physiology prevail for books containing
human and animal and vegetable physiology.
A library certainly must define its practice
in regard to combinations of subjects. Thus,
the D. C. allows for the classification of
diseases of eye, of ear, of nose, of throat.
What is to be done, however, with combina-
tions of two or more of these subjects? This
procedure, based upon experience in the pur-
pose for which the books in question are used,
must be recorded, and can be, and should be,
recorded, irrespective of the system of classi-
fication. If this is done, and done well, the
result will tend to eliminate from the prac-
tice the will or preference of individual clas-
sifiers.
It is true that sometimes the decision means
a choice between two or more equally logical,
or practical, possibilities, and that one decision
may be as good as the other. But the decision,
whatever it be, should be recorded so as to be
readily applied when a repetition occurs.
Classification implies adjustment for a pur-
pose. While we are not concerned with teach-
ing to the public the philosophic principles of
book arrangement, we certainly owe to the
public to be consistent in what we do. I
know of some two hundred publications on the
influence of Danish upon the English form of
speech; if these were dribbled into a library,
we must be certain of our precedure, — wheth-
er to shelve with Danish or with English
philology. I can conceive of a library coming
into possession of about four hundred pub-
lications on the movements of irritability in
the Mimosa. As a classifier, I must know
whether the practice of the library is to shelve
such matter in vegetable physiology or in sys-
tematic botany. And since my successor in
office may face such questions by hundreds, it
is necessary to formulate what is actual prac-
tice.
I quite agree that it is imperative to express
in the catalog, rather than on the shelves, the
library's resources on a given subject. I re-
serve the opinion, however, that definite
forms, or relations, or combinations, should
receive a treatment that is recorded for the
librarian's information. I believe that unless
this is done, Pilot charts are apt to land one
day in the map collection, another day in
navigation, and if mounted and bound in book
form, perhaps the third day along with local
travel and description. Examples might be
multiplied. I hope the ones quoted will help
to show that the committee's work deserves
support and, if continued on the lines indi-
cated by Mr. Merrill, must lead to increased
efficience of service.
Very respectfully,
J. CHRISTIAN BAY,
Medical reference librarian and
supervising classifier.
The John Crerar Library, Chicago.
WHAT IS TO BE THE REPRESENTATIVE
LARGE LIBRARY OF THE FUTURE?
Editor Library Journal:
In the beginning of his valuable article on
the "Future development of college and uni-
versity libraries," published in the Novem-
ber number of the LIBRARY JOURNAL, Prof.
A. S. Root states that it is necessary "to
establish a 'base line' from which we can
measure the possibilities of the future." From
the 1876 and 1908 reports of the Bureau of
Education Prof. Root gathers statistics of the
increase in the number of scholarly libraries
from which he draws the conclusion that
"This remarkable development makes it evi-
dent that in the future this type of library
(devoted to the interests of scholarly study)
is to be the representative large library."
The facts cited by Prof. Root as supporting
this contention are these: of the 18 libraries
in the United States that had more than
50,000 volumes in 1876, two only were college
944
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
[December, 1914
libraries. In 1908 there were 54 college and
university libraries that exceeded 50,000
volumes, and if, says Prof. Root, to these are
added the libraries of professional schools and
societies the total aggregates 84, or about 40
per cent of the 210 libraries having over
50,000 in 1908. Again adding to these the
large reference libraries would bring the num-
ber of libraries devoted to scholarly research
up to about 50 per cent, of the total number of
large libraries in the country. That is, in-
deed, a remarkable development, but will the
facts support Prof. Root's contention that the
library devoted to scholarly research is to be
the dominant type of large library in the
future. Let us examine the situation a little
more carefully.
There were, it is true, only two college
libraries included among the 18 large libra-
ries in 1876, or about n per cent, of the whole
number, and that number has increased to 54
out of 210, or an increase of nearly one-fourth
or nearly 25 per cent., making a net increase
over 1876 of 14 per cent.; but, on the other
hand, there were only three public libraries
among the 18 large libraries in 1876, or 16 2-3
per cent, of the whole, which number had in-
creased to 69 in 1908, or nearly 33 per cent of
the whole, — a net gain of 17 per cent, as
against a net gain of 14 per cent, of college
libraries. But Prof. Root adds the libraries
of professional schools and societies and the
large reference libraries to the number of
college libraries in 1908, thereby bringing the
total increase of this class of libraries up to
50 per cent. Adding this class of libraries to
the two college libraries which form the basis
of comparison in 1876, we find there were six
libraries in this class of scholarly libraries in
1876, or a percentage of 33 per cent of the
large libraries of that period. The net gain
of this class of library from 1876 to 1908 is
therefore 17 per cent, and not 50 per cent., or
exactly the same as the net gain of the per-
centage of public libraries to the whole num-
ber of large libraries from 1876 to 1908. It
would seem, therefore, that honors are even
as between the development of the large
scholarly library and the large public library.
State and federal libraries and subscription
libraries, which might from some points of
view very properly be classified with public
libraries, have been omitted from considera-
tion. The growth of all groups has been
phenomenal, and that the figures presented
afford no basis for a prediction as to future
predominance in nowise detracts from the
value of Prof. Root's exposition of the future
needs and problems of college and reference
libraries, but in the interest of the history of
library development, it has seemed worth
while to set forth these facts.
JOSEPHINE ADAMS RATHBONE.
THE GERMAN BOOKTRADE AND THE AMERI-
CAN BOOKBUYER
Editor of The Library Journal:
Dear Sir: — I am told that in the New York
Herald an English bookdealer offers his ser-
vices as European agent, "as it is possible
that, owing to the present war, many libraries
of public bodies who hitherto have been sup-
plied by German agencies, have found their
supplies cut off." I herewith beg to state that
there is no interruption whatever of the rela-
tions between the German booktrade and the
American bookbuyers, although, of course, an
occasional short delay cannot be avoided.
The regular mail service between both coun-
tries is kept up through the medium of neutral
ports and all orders received can be filled as
usual. Books and periodicals are sent either
by mail or by parcel-post or by freight at *he
choice of the American customers.
As I think it to be important for most
American libraries to know this fact, I would
be obliged to you for bringing it to the knowl-
edge of your readers.
Very truly yours,
OTTO HARRASSOWITZ
Leipzig, Oct. 21, 1914.
LOST AND STOLEN BOOKS
Editor The Library Journal:
I wonder if you or any of your readers
could give me an idea of what may be con-
sidered a reasonable proportion of wastage in
the way of lost and stolen books in a well
organized open access library. This is a point
which is of great importance to every library
and the ideas of fellow librarians on the mat-
ter would, I think, be of interest to the pro-
fession.
Yours faithfully,
NEWTON M. DUTT,
State librarian, and reader to His
Highness the Maharaja Gaekwad
Central Library Dept., Baroda,
Oct. 9, 1914-
%fbrars Calendar
Dec. 3i-Jan. i. American Library Association.
Midwinter meetings, Chicago.
Jan. ii. Pennsylvania Library Club.
June 3-9. American Library Association. An-
nual conference, Berkeley, Cal.
INDEX
LIBRARY JOURNAL, v. 39, JAN.-DEC, 1914
Business libraries and other libraries specially well-known, are entered under their
own names, as are national, state, university, college, and U. S. departmental libraries.
Other libraries are entered under name of city or town in zvhich they are located.
A
A. K. Smiley P. L. See Red-
lands, Cal.
Abbott, Mabel, L., 618, 776.
Abbott, Miss M. R., 377-
Abbott, Rev. Thomas Kingsmill,
death of, 159.
Aberdeen (Scotland) Univ. L.,
cataloging rules, 650; hist,
sketch, 718.
Aberdeen (Wash.) P. L., plans
for addition, 477.
Abilene (Kan.) P. L., 641.
Abingdon, 111., plans for p. 1.,
640.
Accession (dept.), 80, 168, 252,
650. 794, 875, 936; loose-leaf
book [diagrs.], 727.
Ackley, Miss G. J., 315.
Adams, Elsie, 856.
Adelaide (Australia) P. L., rpt.,
868.
Adkins, Venice, 856.
Administration (dept.), 80-83,
167-170, 251, 332-335, 408-411,
490, 650-651, 726-729, 794,
874, 935-937; P. 1. (Rae), 467;
of high school Is. as branches
of p. Is. (Wood), 659-662; of
small libraries, 80. See also
A. L. A. committee on.
Adriance Mem. L. See Pough-
keepsie.
Advertising, 79, 249; A. L. A.,
541; electric sign, 155, 398;
floats, 487; newspaper, 154,
156, 165, 248, 487; signs, 405;
slides, 933; window, 59i ^5,
644, 645; Brumbach L., Van
Wert, 872; Des Moines, 476;
Pratt Inst. F. L., 902. See
also Bookmarks; Exhibits;
Postals.
Afternoon tea, for public, Allen-
dale, N. J., 330; for staff.
Pratt Inst., 61; St. Louis,
Affiliation, new A. L. A. by-law
recommended, 531; non-re-
gional socs., 531, 532.
Agg, Rachel, 379.
Agricultural college, influence
of, on farmer's use of books
(Hepburn), 435-438.
Agricultural colleges, land grant,
scope and cost of (Powers),
Agricultural Is. section A. L. A.,
545-547- .
Ahern, Mary E., motion for
changes in A. L. A. Council,
526; A. L. A. delegate to Ox-
ford, 530; on A. L. A. com.
on exhibit at San Francisco,
530; on A. L. A. com. on
amendment of constitution,
530; pres. 111. L. Assn., 909.
Aids to readers, 653.
Akin, Sally M., 617.
Akron, Ind., 1. site secured, 153.
Akron (O.) P. L., children's
room opened, 69.
Akron, O. See also Firestone
Tire and Rubber Co.; Good-
rich, B. F., Co.
Alabama S. S. Assn. L., Mont-
gomery, opened, 711.
Alameda (Cal.) F. L., rpt., 929.
Alameda Co. (Cal.) L., rpt., 402.
Albany (Cal.) P. L. opened, 157-
Albany (Ore.) P. L., collection
on Oregon m, 325.
Albers, Martha, 616.
Albion (N. Y.) P. L., rpt, 233.
Alden, la., Carnegie 1. promised,
Alden, N. Y., Ewell F. L. com-
pleted, 386.
Aledo, 111., plans for p. 1., 640;
site chosen, 713.
Alexander, Catherine, 379.
Alexander, Ruth, 310.
Alexandria (Pa.) F. Mem. L.,
bequest to, 236.
Alhambra, Cal., new 1., 929.
Allegan (Mich.) P. L., rpt., 712.
Alleman, Helen G., 617. 849.
Allen, Dr. E. W., Agricultural
college Is., 546.
Allen, Harriet, 623.
Allen, Mary W., 856.
Allentown, Pa., Lehigh Co. Bar
Assn., bequest to 1., 391.
Allin, Eugenia, 779.
Allison, Gladys Bv 565, 631.
Amagansett, N. Y., movement
for p. 1., 386.,
Amateur theatricals, 85.
Amen, Dr. Harlan P., bequest
to Phillips Exeter Academy
L., 58.
American Antiquarian Soc.,
Worcester, Mass., 1913 ac-
cessions, 634.
American Assn. of Law Ls.,
ann. mtg. announcement, 296;
program for Washington mtg.,
362; Washington mtg., 557-
American Bankers' Assn. L.,
N. Y.. 282; description of
(Glenn), 730.
American Brass Co. L., Water-
bury, Ct., 282.
American Federation of Arts,
work of, in relation to public
libraries (Mechlin), 19-21,
American Inst. of Soc. Service
L., N. Y., 282.
American Ibns. in Europe at
outbreak of war, 657.
American Library Association
(dept.), 118-130, 218, 363-368,
522-561, 597-603, 699,. 904- . .
A. L. A. affiliation policy criti-
cized, 247.
A. L. A. binding recommenda-
tions, 31.
A. L. A. Booklist, 120, 124, 125-
127, 533, 542, 877- ,
A. L. A. circular letter to
newspapers, 206.
A. L. A. com. appointments, 699.
A. L. A. com. on code for classi-
fiers, Code for classifiers; coll.
of data, compiled ... by W.
S. Merrill (Hitchler), 855;
reply to review (Bay), 942.
A. L. A. European tours, travel
arrangements, 116-118, 291;
party in southern Europe
(Hitchler), 755-760; Ibns. in
northern Europe (Morrow),
829-832.
A. L. A. exhibit for Leipzig Ex-
position, 89; floor space [with
plan], 288-290; branch 1.
model [illus.], 356; rpt. of
opening (Koch) [ illus. J, 591-
596. See also Leipzig.
A. L. A. exhibit, Panama-Pacific
Exposition, 897.
A. L. A. "Index to general
literature," 120.
A. L. A. Manual of 1. econ-
omy, chapters v, vi, x, xiv, xxi,
xxvii, xxix, xxxii, (review),
625-626.
A. L. A., 1913-14 midwinter
mtg., 119-130: Publishing
Board, 119-120; Executive
Board, 120-123; treasurer's
rpt., 1913, 121 ; finance com.
rpt., 1913, 121 ; Council, 123-
130.
A. L. A., 1914-15 midwinter mtg.,
prelim, announcement, 904.
A. L. A. 1915 conference, Berke-
ley, 881, 904.
A. L. A., 1914 conference in
Washington, preliminary an-
nouncements, 89, 118-119, 291-
296, 363-368; editorial com-
ment on, 497-498, 577-57?; rpt.,
522-561, 597-603: election of
officers, 523; gift from A. H.
Grant, 526; secretary's rpt.,
528; photos of ex-pi esidents,
529; membership, 529; necrol-
ogy, 529; Executive Board,
530; com. on 1. exhibit at Pan-
ama-Pacific Exp., 530; com. on
code for classifiers, 530; Coun-
cil, 531; Booklist, 533; com.
on 1. training, 535; com. on
pub. docs., 537; com. on 1. ad-
ministration, 537; com. on
bookbinding, 537; com. on
co-operation with the N. E. A.,
537; com. on cost and method
of cataloging, 538-539; treasur-
dowment funds, rpt., 540;
com. on resolutions, 540: Pub-
lishing Board, 540-542; Manu-
al of 1. economy, 541; profes-
sional training section, 542-
545; agricultural Is. section,
545-547; cataloging section,
547; children s Ibns. section,
548-549; college and reference
section, 549; trustees section,
550-552; govt. docs, round
table, 597-598; com. on work
with the blind, 599-603.
American Library Institute, mid-
winter mtg., 38.
American Mathematical Assn.,
records burned, 86 1.
American Seaman's Friend Soc.,
Is. for, 569.
946
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
American Society of Civil Engi-
neers L. (Raymond), 285-286;
map storage, 936.
American Tel. & Tel. Accounting
L., N. Y., 282.
American Yearbook, 232.
Amesbury (Mass.) P. L., rpt.,
707.
Amherst College L., Amherst,
Mass., faculty com. on new 1.
bldg., 383; preliminary plans,
568; rpt., 633-
Amherst. See aho Massachu-
setts Agricultural College.
Amsterdam, Holland, 1. assn. in
Naarden-Bussum, 245.
Analyticals. See Periodical cards.
Anderson, Edwin H., i; Tax on
ideas, 499-503.
Anderson, P. J., [Aberdeen]
University L., past and pres-
ent, 718.
Andover, Mass., Mem. Hall L.,
rpt., 861.
Andrews, C. W., on A. L. A.
finance com., 699; on A. L. A.
publishing board, 699; on A. L.
A. com. on internal, relations,
699.
Andrews, Gladys M., 622.
Angell, Laura F., 226.
Angell, May, 916.
Ann Arbor. See Michigan,
Univ. of.
Anna, 111., Robert Burns Stinson
Mem. L. dedicated, 785.
Ansonia (Ct.) P. L., rpt., 60,
385.
Antrim, Ernest Irving, L. de-
velopment beyond the Missis-
sippi, 832-834. See also An-
trim, Saida Brumback.
Antrim, Saida Brumback, and
Antrim, Ernest Irving, County
1. (Eastman), 628-630; correc-
tion (Greene), 73$.
Appleton, W. W., trustee A. L.
A. Endowment fund, 523.
Appliances, 85, 171, 336, 413,
492, 732.
Appointment and tenure of Ibns.,
647.
Apprentices, 328, 485. See also
Assistants.
Appropriations cut on account
of war, 801.
Architecture, of the future, 504;
plans, 528, 529.
Architecture, catalog, Boston P.
L., 882.
Archives bldg., nat., need of
(Jameson) 524; A. L. A.
resolution on, 531.
Ardmore (Pa.) F. L., plans for
1., 150; isth anniversary, 391.
Arents F. L. See Richmond, Va.
Argenteau family mss. in Libra-
ry of Congress, 473.
Argentina, 76, 721.
Argentine Social Museum, Bue-
nos Aires, plans American L,
76.
Argentine sociology, 1. on. gift
to Theodore Roosevelt, 570.
Arkansas, commission, 3.
Arkansas City (Kan.) P. L.,
rpts., 400, 715.
Arkansas L. Assn., notes, 223;
ann. mtgv 371.
Armada (Mich.) P. L., site pur-
chased, 239.
Armour, S. D., new 1., 476.
Armstrong, lone. Public docs, in
a small 1., 936.
Art collections, lent by Ameri-
can Federation of Arts, 19-21.
Art and Progress, 21.
Asbury Park, N. J., to have
Carnegie bldg., 148.
Aschman, Dorothy Bell, 852.
Ashenden, Constance, 619.
Asheville, N. C., mtg. of 1. assn.,
152.
Ashfield, Mass., Belding Mem.
L., new bldg., 145; dedicated,
782.
Ashland (Ky.) P. L. organized,
862.
Askew, Sarah B., on publication
com., League of L. Comms.,
557; Library heresies, 726.
Assistants, juniors, 80; student,
in college Is., 874. See also
"Subordinates" vs. "Assis-
tants."
Astoria (Ore.) P. L., new ad-
ministration of, 158.
Atchison, Western Theol. S., new
1. planned, 715.
Athens, Ga. See Georgia Univ.
Athens, Tenn., plans for p. 1.,
394"
Atlanta (Ga.) P. L., rpt., 152;
proposal to add 5 women to 1.
board, 393; charter amend-
ment vetoed, 571; extra ap-
propriation asked for county
use, 784; advertising exhibit,
791.
Atlanta (Ga.) L. School, notes,
139, 312, 377, 621, 915.
Atlanta (111.) P. L., 640.
Atlantic City conference, 1913,
rpt., 300-304.
Atlantic City (N. J.) P. L., rpt.,
Attleboro (Mass.) P. L., bequest
to, 383; rpt., 707.
Auburn (Cal.) P. L., bldg. dam-
aged, 243, 325.
Auburn, 111., plans for p. 1., 640.
Auburn, Ind., Eckhart P. L.,
endowment, 863.
Auburn (Me.) P. L., rpt., 707.
Auburn (N. Y.) Theol. Sem. L.
open to public, 386.
Auditoriums, use of library,
Brooklyn, 78.
Aurora (Ind.) L. dedicated,
926.
Austin, Mrs. Mary, 565.
Austin, Tex., 1. authorized, 6.
Australia, 868.
Austria-Hungary, 161, 246, 483,
788, 868.
Ave-Lallemant, Theodore M.,
856.
Avery, Samuel Putnam, medal,
472.
Ayer, Thomas P., Administra-
tion of library binding, 28-31.
Ayres, Olla B., 616.
B
Babbitt, Grace E., Pamphlets
and clippings in ref. work,
Babies. See Booklists; Exhibits;
Photographs.
Bacon, Corinne, on A. L. A.
Council, 523, 566.
Backhouse, E. T., gift of Chi-
nese books to Bodleian L.,
481.
Bailey, A. L.; on A. L. A. com.
on 1. training, 699; on A. L.
A. com. on bookbinding, 699.
Bailey, Martha, 914.
Bailey, Sir William H., death
of, 244.
Bailey, Winnifred, 705.
Baily, Lillian B., 381.
Baker, Charlotte A., sec. Colo.
Bd. of L. Commissioners, 43.
Baker, Ernest A., Guide to his-
torical fiction (Eastwood), 465;
on rpt. of Royal Comm. on
Univ. Education, 480; Non-
municipal Ibn's. club, 485.
Bakersfield (Cal.) P. L., new
building started, 72. See also
Kern Co. F. L.
Baldwin, Bessie, 311.
Baldwin, Martha, 566.
Baldwin, Rachel, 920.
Ball. Fanny D., sec. School
Lbns. Assn., 554.
Ballinger (Tex.) P. L., opened,
325-
Balston, Mabel E., 224.
Baltimore. See Enoch Pratt
F. L.; Peabody Inst. L.
Bangor (Me.) P. L., bequest to,
58; opening (Flagg) [illus.],
203.
Banking Is., 730.
Bar Harbor, Me., Jesup Mem.
L., rpt., 383.
Barden, Bertha R., 139.
Barker, Sarah P., 467.
Barker, Miss Tommie Dora, 64.
Barnard, George Gray, 148.
Barnard (Vt.) P. L., gift to,
145.
Barnes, Cornelia, 777.
Barnes, Grace, 779, 853.
Barnes, Mrs. Lillian, 142.
Barney, Sybil, 51, 467.
Barnum, Minn., school 1. offered,
863.
Baroda, India, 1913 1. statistics,
93i.
Barre (Mass.) P. L., bequest
to, 383.
Barrett, F. T., 481.
Barrie (Pa.) F. L., asks for
Carnegie grant, 570.
Bartow (Fla.) P. L., plans for,
68.
Barwick, G. F., 865.
Bascom, Elva S., on publication
com., League of L. Comms.,
557-
Basel, Switzerland, Univ. P. L.,
rpt., 482.
Bateman, Margaret Louise, 52,
139, 618, 631.
Baton Rouge, La., movement
for Carnegie L., 928.
Bay, J. Christian, Proposed
code for classifiers, 942.
Bay City, Tex., 1. planned, 72.
Bay Path L. Club, ann. mtg.,
609; autumn mtg., 847.
Bayonne (N. J.) P. L. funds
tied up, 64; rpt., 148; new
stacks authorized, 389; funds
still tied up, 570; new addi-
tion, 709.
Beal, Marjorie. 56.
Beale, Emily Adele, 778.
Beardsley, Helen, 778.
Beaumont, Cal., Carnegie L.
promised, 72.
Becker, Margaret E., 138.
Beeken, Mrs. L. L., death of,
378.
Beer, William, 939.
Belden, C. F. D., A. L. A. dele-
gate to Oxford, 530: on A.
L. A. Council, 531; 20 v.-pres.
Nat. Assn. State Ls., 559; on
A. L. A.^ com. on fed. and
state relations, 699; on A. L.
A. public doc. com., 699.
Belding, Mrs. A., 566.
Belfast, N. Y., gift for 1., 471;
donor of 1. fund announced,
569; cornerstone laid, 923.
Belgian relief fund, 737, 898.
Belgium, 483, 763, 930, 931.
Bell, Ernest J., Public Is. in
New Zealand, 721.
Bell, Lucy, 619.
Belleville, Mo., 1. site selected,
71; to have Carnegie L., 786.
Bellingham (Wash.) P. L., rpt.,
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
947
Belmar, N. J., prospects of
Carnegie 1., 236.
Bemis, Ethel, 58.
Benedict, Howard G., L., Hor-
nell, N. Y., 282.
Benson, Pauline, 313, 621.
Bergen, Norway, plans for new
bldg., 867.
Berkeley, Cal., chosen for A.
L. A. conference in 1915, 531.
Berlin, Ger., rpt. of p. 1. on
Adalbertstrasse, 1 60 ; Royal
L., dedication, 296; peace 1.
in, 482; Munic. L., plans for
new bldg., 719.
Berlin (N. H.) F. P. L., rpt.,
707.
Berne, Switzerland, Nat. Swiss
L., rpt., 867.
Berry, Ethel I., 381, 631.
"Best books of the year," publ.
announcement, 653.
Bethel (Ct.) F. P. L., rpt., 923.
Bethell, George, 717.
Bethnal Green, Eng., offered
Carnegie L., 76.
"Better babies." See Booklists;
Exhibits; Photographs.
Betteridge, Walter R., 230.
Betterly, Helen G., Story hour,
Beust, Nora, 776.
Beverly (Mass.) P. L., bequest
to, 633; rpt., 707.
Beverly, N. J., campaign for
&!., 64, 236.
iographical Soc. of London,
increased membership, 455.
Bibliographies, South American
(Kaiser), 466.
Bibliography, civic, of to-mor-
row (Hasse), 558.
Bibliography, importance of, 13.
Bibliography, ret. books of 1913
(Mudge), 1 08.
Bibliographical notes (dept.),
85-87, 171-176, 254-256, 413,
493-495, 653-656, 733-735, 797-
800, 876-879, 939-942.
Bibliotekar, 326.
Bibliotheque Nationale (Koch)
[illus. and plans] : I, organi-
zation and history, 339-350;
administration, 419-430.
Biddeford, Me., McArthur L.
Assn. rpt., 232.
Bigelow, Edward L., 384.
Bignon family, 425-427.
Bill drafting, 275-277. See also
Legislative reference.
Binding, administration of
(Ayer), 28-31; A. L. A. recom-
mendations, 31; newspaper,
82; periodicals, 252; rpt. of
German commission on, 202;
in Brooklyn P. L., 333; in St.
Louis P. L., 729; and repair,
82, 410, 651. See also A..L.
A. committee on.
Bingham, Jessie W., 622.
Bingham, Me., bequest for p. 1.,
707.
Binghamton (N. Y.) P. L., rpt.,
233; co-operation with clubs,
Bio
ography, ref.
(Mudge), 106.
books of 1913
Bird, May, 381.
Birmingham (Ala.) P. L., cam-
paign for $50,000, 68; changes
in interior, 152; East Lake
branch opened, 238; book
fund campaign, 322; techni-
cal books, 475; book fund,
475; fund for evangelical
books, 571.
Birmingham (Eng.) F. L., rpt.,
481; reception to staff recruits
for war, 865.
Biscoe, Walter S., 338, 357-360.
Bishop, William Warner, Prac-
tical handbook of modern 1.
cataloging (Haines) , 626 ; Backs
of books, 724; How the L. C.
serves the people. 870; re-
views Brown's Subject classi-
fication, 917.
Bixby, Harriet, 623.
Black River Falls, Wis., Carne-
gie grant accepted, 476; con-
tract let [correct to $10,000],
926.
Blackwelder, Paul, on A. L. A.
com. on fed. and state rela-
tions, 699.
Blakely, Bertha E., pres. West.
Mass. L. Club, 770.
Blanchard, Gertrude, 618.
Blanchard, Jessie L., 310.
Blatchford, Eliphalet, death of,
230.
Bleecker, Louisa O., 51, 142.
Blind, work with, 75, 171; read-
ing for, 83; A. L. A. com. on
work with, rpt., 599-603; duty
on books removed by Russia,
246.
Bliss, Leslie E., 381.
Blue, Thomas Fountain, 856.
Blue Hill (Me.) P. L., bequest
to, 568.
Blum, Ethyl, 779.
Bodleian L., Oxford, Eng., gift
of Chinese books, 481; Staff
manual (Wyer), 704; rpt., 719;
Bodleian L. at Oxford (Koch)
[illus. and plan], 739-746, 803-
810.
Bodley, Sir Thomas, 741-743-
Bogardus, Mabel, 849.
Bogdanov, P., Desirability of D.
C. in Russian Is., 332.
Bogsamlingsbladet, 875.
Boise (Idaho) P. L., enlarge-
ment, 75; traveling 1., 158.
Bolivar (Mo.) P. L., 156.
Bolles, Marion P., 780.
Bolmar, Adelaide, sec. Kansas
L. Assn., 910.
Bolton, Charles K., Present
trend, 503-507, 526.
Bolton, Mary V., 376.
Bolton (Eng.) P. L.? rpt., 326.
Bombay, Muni Shn Mohanlalji
Jain Central L., rpt., 484.
Bonnett, Marguerite W., 381.
Book importation (Anderson, Tax
on ideas), 499-503.
Book jackets, use for, 732.
Book post. See Parcel post.
Book prices (Thomson). 256; of
bound vols. (Drury), 256.
Book production, Lib. Assn's
rpt. on, 141.
Book renewals abolished, Grand
Rapids, 690-691.
Book selection, 252, 727, 906,
939-
Book supports, 252.
Book storage (Koopman), 24-27;
38.
Book-wagons, Connecticut, 99.
Bookbuying, 168, 660.
Booklists, 7 ; Co-operative
(Wheeler), 164; German, 254;
for children, 406; on babies,
165, 406, 793; birthday, 872.
Bookmarks, advertising, 165, 249,
933-
Books, and Is., their makers and
use (Chipman), 920; as dis-
ease carriers, 334; as a source
of disease (Reinick), 681-684;
care of, teaching, 869; cheap,
80; lost and stolen (Dutt),
944; of value to high school
teacher (Emerson), 555; pri-
vately printed, in Library of
Congress, 150; wearing cost of,
728; well-bound, two essentials
of (Buffum), 576.
Boonville (Ind.) to have Car-
negie 1., 926.
Booth, Mary J., Geography ma-
terial at low cost, 169.
Bordentown (N. J.) P. L. mov-
ed, 472.
Borrow Museum, Norwich, Eng.,
719.
Boston, Ga., new Carnegie L.,
638.
Boston Athemeum, recollections
of (Fletcher), 579-583.
Boston City Statistical Dept.,
282.
Boston Consolidated Gas Co. L.,
282.
Boston Co-op. Inform. Bur.
(Lee), 792.
Boston Ibns., monthly luncheons,
383.
Boston (Mass.) P. L. branch
opened, 58; Faneuil branch
planned, 145; Meridian St.
branch, 145, 470; branch 1. for
South Boston, 233; Andrew
Square reading room opened,
317; gift of Tyrolese phpto-
graphs, 317; protest against
closing Franklin Park branch,
383; -Shakespeare exhibition,
47o; Working of, rev. ed.,
4935. rpt., 633; new Sargent
paintings, 707; lectures, 860;
architecture catalog, 882; Skin-
ner bequest to, 922.
Boston Society of Civil Engi-
neers L., 282.
Boston Univ., gift of John East-
"man Clarke 1. to, 232.
Boston. See also Civic Service
House; Edison Elec. Ilium.
Co.: Insurance L. Assn.;
Jackson, D. C. and Wm. B.;
Little, Arthur D., Inc.; Lock-
wood, Greene & Co.; Mass.
College of Pharmacy; Mass.
Pub. Serv. Comm.; Mass.
State L.; Metcalf & Eddy &
Robert Spurr Weston; Social
Service L.; Stone & Webster;
Town Room; Women's Educ.
and Ind. Union; Y. M. C. A.;
Y. M. C. U.
Bostwick, Andrew Linn, 324,
733-
Bostwick, Arthur E., 413; Con-
flicts of jurisdiction in 1. sys-
tems, 550, 588-591; Relation
of 1. to city govt. — mun. ref.,
522; L. and the child, 875;
on A. L. A. publishing board,
699.
Bottomley, H. T., Private 1.,
493.
Bow, N. H., Baker F. L., dedi-
cated, 933.
Bowdoin College L., rpt., 707.
Bowerman, George F., on A. L.
A. publicity committee, 529; on
A. L. A. com. on 1. adminis-
tration, 699.
Bowers, Ethel, 566.
Bowker, R. R., A. L. A. dele-
gate to Oxford, 530; reso-
lutions on 1. extension and
parcel - post service, 533;
Should Is. be under municipal
and state civil service, 551;
on A. L. A. com. on inter-
nat. relations, 699.
Boy Scout 1. (Mathiews), 549.
Boy Scout movement, relation
of 1. to (Manchester), 752-755.
Braddock (Pa.) P. L., 25th an-
niversary, 391; rpt., 710;
wearing cost of books, 728.
Bradford, Mrs. Frank, 705.
Bradford (Eng.) P. L., rpt., 481.
Bradford (Pa.) P. L., annex
completed, 924.
948
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
Bragg, Clara, 315.
Branch Ibns. round table, A. L,.
A., 550.
Branford, Ct., Blackstone Mem.
L., rpt., 708.
Braun, Elsie, 157-
Brazil Nat. L., Rio de Janeiro,
rpt., 484.
Bremen, Ger., reading room sta-
tistics, 1 60.
Breslau (Ger.) City L., rpt,, 246.
Brett, W. H., A. L. A. delegate
to Oxford, 530; soth anni-
versary, 760.
Brewer, Me., gift of F. L. re-
fused, 383.
Brewitt, Mrs. Theodore R., 623.
Bridgeport (Ct.) P. L., pre-
liminary budget for, 146; 1. m
county jail, 318; two Carnegie
branches offered, 708.
Bridgeton (N. J.,) P. L., be-
quest to, 472.
Bridgewater (Mass.) P. L., be-
quest to, 232.
Bnggs, I., Need of "English"
in the exams., 489.
Brigham, H. O., reviews John-
son Brigham's Library m the
making, 140.
Brigham, Johnson, Library
[Iowa State] in the making
(Brigham), 140.
Brighton, Eng., book delivery by
trolley, 728.
Briscoe, Mrs. Ruth, 920.
Briscoe, Walter A., "The uses
of advertisement" in 1. ad-
ministration, 248.
Bristol (Ct.) P. L., circulation
in, 146; rpt., 923.
British Museum, censorship in,
169; British topography books,
493; 1913 rpt., 827; 1. post
cards, 933.
Britton, Jasmine, 464^ 468.
Broken Bow, Ne,b., Carnegie 1.
grant favored, 573; plans for
1., 927-
Bronson L., Waterbury, Ct.,
rpt., 783.
Brookfield (111.) P. L., dedi-
cated, 640.
Brookings, S. D., Carnegie L.
promised, 71.
Brooklyn P. L., asks for main-
tenance funds for two new
branches, 147; rpt., 319; train-
ing clases in, 328; binding
rpt., 333! progress of work
on central bldg., 386; train-
ing class announcement, 624;
Eastern Parkway branch
opened, 635; plans for Red
Hook branch, 635, 923; "Rules
for the guidance of the staff"
reviewed (Wyer),
Brownsville children's branch
704;
nch
and
opened (Hunt) [illus.
plans], 761.
Brooklyn. See also Children's
Museum L. ; Pratt Inst. F. L.
Broomell, Ellyn C., 780.
Brough, Dr. C. H., pres. Ark.
L. Assn., 372.
Brough, Miss M. M., 381.
Brown, Carrie R., 315.
Brown, Charles H., on A. L. A.
com. on bookbuying, 699; on
A. L. A. com. on travel, 699.
Brown, Clarence, 923.
Brown, Demarchus C., State-
wide influence of the state 1.,
253; on A. L. A. com. on fed.
and state relations, 699.
Brown, Edith, 014.
Brown, James Duff, death of,
480; memoir, 718; Subject
classification, 2. ed. (Bishop),
917.
Brown, Martha, 856.
Brown, Robina, 622.
Brown, Ruth A., 620.
Brown, Walter L., on A. L. A.
Council, 531.
Brown, Zaidie, 468, <;66.
Brown Univ. L., Providence,
R. L, rpt., 385; 150 anniver-
sary, exhibit, 783.
Browne, Mary Louise, 915.
Brumback L., Van Wert, O.,
advertising at county fair,
872.
Bruncken, Ernest, on A. L. A.
public docs, com., 699.
Brunswick, Me. See Bowdoin
College.
Brussels (Belgium) 1. catalog
supplement, 483.
Buchanan, Henry C., 90, 148,
177, 320, 566.
Bucher, Mrs. Paul, 920.
Bucknam, Marion E., 226.
Buenos Ayres. See Argentine
Social Museum.
Burger, Dr. Phil. Robert,' death
of, 866.
Buffalo, Polish 1. in, 234.
Buffalo P. L., budget, 387; work
with schools, 387; poster, 793.
Buffum, Clara, Two essentials of
well-bound books, 576.
Buildings, care of, 80, 82, 166,
250, 331, 49i» 734.
Buildings opened, Bangor, Me.,
203; Brownsville branch,
Brooklyn, 761-763; Harris-
burg, Pa., 112; Los Angeles,
521, 823-827; New Rochelle,
N. Y., 453-455; Portland, Ore.,
41-43; Somerville, Mass., 35-
39; Trinity College, Hartford,
783; Univ. of Utah, 768.
Buildings, small, new types of,
52-53-
Bulletins, 250.
Bureau of Educ. L., how it may
serve schools (Wolcott), 553,
676-677.
Bureau of Municipal Research,
N. Y., 912.
Bureau of Railway Economics
L., Washington, D. C., 282.
Burgey, Doris E., 620.
Burgoyne, Frank James, death
oi, 75.
Burke, Minnie, 310, 377-
Burlington (Iowa) P. L., 242.
Burnham, Adele, 920.
Burns, Alicia, 852.
Burns, Anna, 148.
Burns manuscripts, 75.
Burns, S. Helen, 563, 780.
Burt, Lillian, 135.
Burt, Martha B., 622.
Burton, Clarence M., offers local
history collection to Detroit
P. L., 154; offer accepted,
239.
Bush, Adah Elizabeth, sec. Ind.
L. Trustees' Assn., 47.
Business 1. (Handy and Marion),
729.
Business Is., 83, 170; Newark,
334; proposed, Minneapolis,
398; proposed, Denver, 400.
Business methods in Is., 505.
Butte (Mont.) P. L., changes in,
$735 outdoor story hours, 714;
juv. branch reopened, 927.
Buttle, Clara, 619.
Buxton, Me., bequest for p. 1.,
707.
Bylaws, suggested for p. 1.
boards, 873.
Byllesby, H. M. & Co. L., 282.
Byrne, Paul R., 366.
Cadwalader, John Lambert, gives
$150,000 addition to Trenton
(N. J.) P. L., 149; death of,
$150,000 addition to Trenton
(N. J.) P. L., 149; death of,
315; bequest to Harvard, 384;
bequest to N. Y. P. L., 388.
Caldwell, Belle, 142.
Caldwell, Bettie D., 2d v. pres.
N. C. L. Assn., 45.
Caldwell, N. J., location of
Cleveland Mem. L., 636.
Caldwell (Ida.) P. L., bldg. com-
pleted, 244; dedicated, 478.
Caldwell, Sarah P., 780.
Calfee, Margaret E., 620, 852.
Calhoun, Helen, 379.
Calhoun, Kathleen, 623.
California L. Assn., ann. mtg.,
457; handbook, 612; ann.
mtg., 699; Fourth District
branch, annual mtg., 1913,
49-
California state docs., 9.
California State L., Sacramen-
to, 8; change in regulations,
574; closed, 930.
ifornia State L. S., entering
class, 158.
California, Univ. L., Berkeley,
gift to, 6; criticism of, 408;
Doe tablet installed, 865.
California. See also Blind, work
with; Sutro L.
Calkins, Ruth H., 631, 857-
Calkins, W. K., pres. Wis. L.
Assn., 771.
Call, Mrs. E. A., 631.
Callan, Jessie M., 851.
Callow, Hattie, 620.
Cambridge, Mass., P. L. rpt.,
59-
Cambridge, Mass. See also Har-
vard Univ. L.
Cambridge (Eng.) Univ. L., rpt.,
718.
Cameron, C. W., pres. Sask. L.
Assn., 374.
Camm music 1. in Bournemouth,
Eng., 334.
Camp Fire Girl movement, rela-
tion of 1. to (Manchester),
Campbell, Robert A.. 381; 2d v.
pres. Special Ls. Assn., 561.
Canada, 75, 158, 326, 403, 479,
574, 717, 788, 930; postal 1. in
(Tracy), 686-688.
Canandaigua, N. Y., Wood, L.
Assn., gift to, 387; 1. moved,
569.
Canon, E. T., How to get the
best books read, 412.
Canton, Pa., Green F. L. opened,
65.
Capen, Dr. Samuel P., College
and normal school courses in
the use of the 1. and in chil-
dren's literature, 552.
Capital College, Columbus, O.,
Mem. L. contract, 396.
Carlisle, Ind., gift to L, 926.
Carlisle (Pa.) P. L., rpt., 237.
Carlton, W. N. C., ist v. pres.
A. L. A., 523; Prestige, 527;
A L. A. delegate to Oxford,
530; chmn. com. on standing
corns, on classification and
cataloging, 530.
Carmel (Ind.) P. L. completed,
Carmel, N. Y., Reed Mem. L.,
471.
Carmi, 111., to have Carnegie 1.,
323, 640.
Carnegie Corporation 1. gifts,
1913, 114-115; 1914: Jan., 205;
Feb., 305; Mar., 361; April,
456; May, 522; June, 590;
July, 697; Sept., 840.
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
949
juest to,
Carnegie, Elza K., 142.
Carnegie Fund. See A. L. A.
trustees of.
Carnegie gifts in Great Britain,
prospects, 407.
Carnegie Inst., Pittsburgh, en-
dowment fund increased, 570.
Carnegie United Kingdom Trust,
418; text of deed, 444-447.
Carleton, Helen, 77^.
Carpenter, George O., on A. L.
A. com. on 1. training, 699.
Carr, John Foster, L. and im-
migrant, 525; Immigrant and
1.; Ital. helps (Huxley), 565.
Carson, Jessie M., 617, 618,
857.
Carson, W. O., pres. Ont. L.
Assn., 461; on A. L. A. com.
for co-operation with N. E. A.,
699.
Carter, George H., Purpose and
scope of the new federal
Printing Bill, 815-823.
Carter, Lillian, 467.
Carthage (N. Y.) F. L., gift to,
387-
Cartwright, Adeline M., 376.
Casey, Edwina, 776.
Caskey, Emily J., 857.
Cass, Elizabeth H., 779-
Castme (Me.) P. L., beqt
58.
Catalog, printed guides, 81; A.
L. A. rpt. on cat. cards, 129;
printed cards in Holland, 161;
union, in Switzerland, 200;
printed slips in Utrecht Univ.
L., 245; valuation of, 336;
copyright entries, 575; in Bos-
ton Athenaeum, 580-581 ; growth
of card catalog, Grand Rapids,
728; Bodleian, controversy
over, 804-807; copyright ques-
tion, in France, 882; Catalog
at the shelves (Clapp), 431-
Cataloger, plea for (Van Valken-
burgh), 679-681; reply (Pear-
son), 834-836.
Cataloging, 1. (Quinn), 855.
Cataloging, practical handbook
of (Bishop), 626.
Cataloging, co-operative, 81; cost
of, 127; comparison of codes
(Mash), 169, 409; uniform
rules in Switzerland, 200; A.
L. A. com. on cost and meth-
od, rpt., 598; in high school
Is., 661; rules, Univ. L., Aber-
deen, 650; suggested co-opera-
tion in, 812; time required
per vol., Grand Rapids, 728.
See also A. L. A. com. on cost
of catalcgi ig; Dissertations.
Catholic F. L., St. Louis. See
St. Louis.
Catholic Uniy. of Amer., Wash-
ington, Mitchell Mem. Law
L., 473.
Censorship, British Museum,
169; of moving pictures by 1.
board, Chattanooga, 322.
Centenary of Imperial P. L. of
St. Petersburg, 198-199.
Central College, Fayette, Mo.,
tentative plan for 1., 476.
Central Falls (R. I.) P. L., be-
quest to, 60.
Central Univ. L., Danville, Ky.,
completed, 571.
Centredale, R. L, gift of 1. to
town, 385; 1. reopened, 923.
Century Theatre Club, 234.
Chadwick, Mollie, 381.
Champkins, A. W., Indexing
lantern slides, 935.
Champlin, Mabel N., sec. Key-
stone State L. Assn., 907.
Chapin, Esther S., 914-
Character-building Is., Philadel-
phia, 254.
Character of reading, 653.
Charging system, self-, St. Louis,
410; simple, 795.
Charleston (S. C.) P. L., prog-
ress on new bldg., 152; be-
quest to, 393; new bldg., 474;
rpt., 637.
Charlestown (N. H.) P. L., be-
quest to, 568.
Charlotte (N.. C.) P. L., rpt.,
237; Carnegie grant promised,
711; addition, 925.
Charlton, Ruby, 50.
Charlton (Mass.) P. L., be-
quest to, 471.
Chatfield (Minn.) P. L., work
begun, 927.
Chattanooga (Tenn.) P. L., cen-
sors moving pictures, 322; rpt.,
394-
Chautauqua summer 1. school,
3*3. 774.
Cheap books, Dutch, 80; English,
493-
Chelsea (Mass.) P. L.. rpt., 782.
Chelsea (Vt.) P. L., gift to, 145.
Cherryvale (Kan.) P. L., opened,
157.
Chester (Pa.) F. L., bequests to,
391, 473.
Chester, Pa. See Crozer Theol.
Sem. L.
Chicago City Club L., 282.
Chicago Hist. Soc., work with
children, 731.
Chicago Library Club, Dec. 1913
mtg., 47; reception, 133; ann.
mtg., 611.
Chicago, Municipal Ref. L. bul-
letin, 476.
Chicago P. L., new branches,
239; progress in, 323; suggest-
ed purchase of sites with fines,
397; new music dept., 476;
theatrical portfolio, 490; plea
for branch in Douglas district,
572; new foreign book dept.,
785; German partisan litera-
ture received, 926; music and
foreign collections opened, 926.
Chicago. See also Byllesby, H.
M. & Co., L.; Drum, A. L.
& Co., L.; John Crerar L.;
Ryerson L.; Shaw, A. W.,
Co., L.; Virginia L., McCor-
mick Theol. Sem.; Western
Soc. of Engrs. L.
Children, evening work with
(Pond}, 891-893.
Children, work with (Hewins),
44, 91-99; Children, work with
(dept.), 84, 90, 171, 253, 335,
412 731, 875, 938; 1. for,
Griffin, Ga., 253; reading rooms
for Germany, 482.
Children's books (Ely), 549;
[letter] (Sayers), 736.
Children's Bureau, work of
(Thompson), 548.
Children's Ibn., training for,
Children's Ibns. section, A. L.
A., 548-549.
Children's Museum L., Brook-
lyn, enlargement begun, 60;
rpt., 387.
Children's reading (Zachert),
21-24.
Children's room, developing a
(Cutter), 731.
Chile, Revista de bibliografia
chilena y extranjera (Seaver),
314; Nat. L., rpt., 327.
Chillicothe (111.) P. L., 640.
Chinese books, Backhouse collec-
tion, to Bodleian L., 481 ; Chi-
nese Nat. party, 1. opened in
Chicago, 162, 397.
Chipman, Charles Phillips, Books
and is., their makers and use;
an outline course for students
(Sutliff), 920.
Chisholm (Minn.) P. L., opened,
572.
Christiania, Royal Univ. L., de-
scription, 684-686; Deichraann
L., rpt., 867.
Christiansen, Bolette L., 780.
Christopher, Katherine M., 141,
311, 619, 776.
Chula Vista (Cal.) P. L., rpt.,
243-
Church Peace Union, Berlin,
482; N. Y., 636.
Churubusco, Ind., tax for p. 1.
voted, 154.
Cincinnati, Camera Club exhibi-
tions in branches, 153; Hotel
Sinton installs 1., 711; Mu-
nicipal Ref. Bur., 475.
Cincinnati P. L., bids for new
branch, 153; need of new
bldg., 322; county extension
(Hodges), 552; Carnegie grant
for new branch, 571; circula-
tion statistics, 639; fines, 925.
Cinematograph. See Motion pic-
tures.'
City-planning; a comprehensive
analysis ... for the classifica-
tion of books (Pray and Kim-
ball), 140.
Civic Service House L., Boston,
282.
Civil service and Is., 577; 111.,
258, 331; 111. State L., 323;
Seattle, 498; Denver, 647;
323;
^j\_ntLn_, ^yo | -L/ciivci, 647*
Civil service for Is. (Bowker,
Jennings), 551; ref. 1., N. Y.,
636.
Claflin, Alta B., 619, 776.
Clapp, Clifford B., Group index,
Claremont, Cal. See Pomona
College.
Clark Elizabeth Voshall, 566.
Clark, Hazel C., 620.
Clark, Mabel, 857.
Clark, Mary H., 779.
Clark, Maude, 142.
Clark, Mazelle, 315.
Clarke, Elizabeth Porter, sec.
N. Y. L. Assn., 767.
Classification (dept.) 82, 332,
409. 490, 795, 937; Library of
Congress, 82; Dewey decimal,
170; modification of Dewey,
450; short course in (Say-
ers), 466; systems for special
collections, 560; subject
(Brown), 917.
Classification of literatures in
the Univ. of 111. L. (Gould-
ing), 266-273.
Classifiers. A. L. A. code for
(Merrill, comp.), 855.
Class-list, union, of Library and
Library Assistants' Assns., 54.
Clatworthy, Linda M., 468, 920.
Claxton, Dr. P. P., Ls; for rural
communities, 525.
Clayton, H. V., 705.
Cleaning books, 491.
Cleavinger, John S., on A. L. A.
com. on 1. administration, 699.
Cleghorn, Vera, 381.
Clement, Caroline B., sec. N.
H. L. Assn.. 608.
Clement, Nicolas, 422, 425.
Cleveland Mem. L., Caldwell,
N. J., 636.
Cleveland (O.) P. L., branch
opened, 69; Alta branch open-
ed, 238; site chosen for new
main L, 571; bond issue au-
thorized for E. Cleveland L.,
571; rpt., 639; plan of dress
for staff, 648; Alta and Quincy
950
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
branches opened, 712; celebra-
tion of W. H. Brett's 30th
anniversary, 760; training class
notes, 779; site for new cen-
tral 1. approved, 863.
Cleveland. See also John Me-
Intire P. L.; National Carbon
Co. L.; Western Reserve L.
School.
Clinton (111.), Township L., con-
tract let, 240.
Clinton, Miss. See Mississippi
College L.
Clinton, S. C. See Presbyterian
College of S. C.
Clipping collection, N. Y. P. L.,
408.
Clizbee, Azalea, 776.
Cloquet (Minn.) P. L., buys
Christmas books, 241.
Clothes, Ibn's., Cleveland, 648.
Cloud, Eva, 52.
Clovis (Cal.) P. L., Carnegie
bldg. asked for, 157; Carnegie
1. promised, 402; contract let,
787.
Club woman's handybook of pro-
grams and club management
(Roberts), 705.
Clubs, Ibns'., 485; Philadelphia,
791.
Coalinga, Cal., 1. site secured,
157; 1. opened, 029.
Coan, Mrs. Flora 'Cutler, 315.
Cobb, Gertrude, 623, 705.
Cobb, Mrs. Maud B., 2d v.-pres.
Amer. Assn. Law Ls., 558.
Cocks, Orrin G., Ls. and mo-
tion pictures — an ignored edu-
cational agency, 666-668.
Coe. Mrs. Frances Rathbone, 468.
Coffeyville (Kan.) P. L., 157,
864.
Cohasset (Mass.) P. L., bequest
to, 145.
Cole, AgneSj 779.
Colgrove, Vivian C., 231.
Collation, 81.
College and reference section,
A. L. A., 549.
College and univ. Is., future de-
velopment of (Root), 811-815.
College Is., in Hawaii, 17-18;
special work in, 651; position
of, 731. See also Library as
a university factor.
College View (Neb.) P, L., fire
in, 324.
Collier, John, The moving-picture
show, 130.
Collingwood (Ontario) P. L., ex-
tension of privileges, 930.
Collman, Sophie M., Books for
young people's shelf, 171.
Cologne, Germany, circulating 1.
in dept. store, 788.
Colon, Mich., Culver Mem. L.
plans. 862.
Colorado Board of Library Com-
missioners, 43.
Colorado L. Assn., Apr. mtg.,
4571 rpt. for year. 6n,
Colorado, proposed legislation, 5.
Columbia (Ct.) P. L., bequest
to, 6q.
Columbia History Soc., Wash-
ington, D. C., analytical cata-
log, 392.
Columbia, Mo. See Missouri,
Univ. of.
Columbia Univ., N. Y. City, gift
of Edwin Hadley Smith col-
lection of amateur journalism,
62; deposit station of N. Y.
P. L. opened, 319, 388; sum-
mer 1. school announcement,
379; 1. extension courses, 780;
fire destroys 3 book collections,
86s.
Columbia Univ. L., New York
City, rpt., 62; 1. council ap-
pointed, 389; Law L., 413; ad-
ministrative changes in, 569;
gift of Hudson family 1., 923.
Columbus (Kan.) P. L. under
construction, 157.
Columbus, O. See Capital Col-
lege.
Commission govt., place of 1.
under, Minneapolis, 241; 249.
Commissions, library, 3-5; work
of, 577; Wis., 646. See also
League of Library Commis-
sions.
Committee work (Law), 485.
Compton, Charles H., 165.
Compton, Lois, 56.
Comstock, Sarah, Byways of 1.
work, 248.
Concord (Mass.) P. L., statue
of R. W. Emerson unveiled,
568.
Concord (N. H.) P. L., be-
quest to, 470.
Concordia (Kan.) P. L., use,
864.
Conkling, Grace Hazard, Learn-
ing to read. 209.
Connecticut College for Women,
318.
Connecticut L. Assn., ann. mtg.,
306; spring mtg., 609; Oct.
mtg., 905.
Connecticut P. L. Com., 4, 98;
1912-13 rpt., 385.
Connecticut, 1. day in, 569.
Connecticut State Library, Hart-
ford, gift of mss., 146; bldg.
turned over to state [illus.]
215; description of bldg. (God-
ard), 452.
Connelle, Gertrude L., 317.
Conner, Elizabeth, 705.
Connolly, Louise. Our rivals, the
movies, 300; Lbn's bootstraps,
368.
Connors, Miss L. E., 705.
Conshohocken (Pa.) P. L., gift
to, 65 ; bequest to, 473.
Cook, Ella B., 705, 913.
Cooper, Miss M. M., 380.
Cook, Mary A., 315.
Coolidge, J. Randolph, pres.
Mass. L. Club, 609.
Coon, Mildred, 622.
Cooper Union L., New York,
rpt., 388.
Co-operation, among Is., 79? 220,
503, 724, 870: among Swiss Is.
in buying Helvetica, 201; from
doctors, 724; from ministers,
1 66; from newspapers, 645;
from schools, 934; from wo-
men's clubs, 79, 249, 645; Co-
operation, national, 164, 329,
[British] 78-79; state, 329;
with clubs, 934; with Farm
Demonstration Bur., N. J.,
710; with high schools, 247,
248; with missionary socs.,
330; with normal school stu-
dents, 407; with public schools,
156, 217; with Sunday schools,
488; with women's clubs, 330.
See also A. L. A. committee
on; Development.
Co-operative information bureau,
I05» 792; support by city
depts.. 873; lists (Wheeler),
164; lunches, Somerville, 489;
Washington, D. C., 935; pre-
paration of bibls. urged, 882.
Copenhagen, Communal P. L.,
rpt., 867.
Copyright entries, catalog of,
575-
Corbin (Ky.) P. L., 862.
Cordingley, Nora, 311.
Corinna (Me.) P. L., cataloging
Stewart collection, 317.
Cornell Univ. L., Ithaca, N. Y.,
rpt., 388; Comstock mem. 1.
fund, 635; vol. vn of "Island-
ica" issued, 635.
Corning, Cal., work on new 1.,
Cortland, N. Y., Franklin Harth
L.j bequest to, 147.
Cossitt L., Memphis Tenn., new
branches, 784; work with ne-
groes, 937.
Cost of books. See Book prices.
Council Bluffs (la.) P. L., ad-
vertising slides, 933-
County library (Antrim), 628-
630; correction (Greene), 736.
County Is., Texas, 641.
County Is., see also Brumback,
Cincinnati, Scott, Solano, Yolo.
Coupland, W. Bramley, Irregu-
larities in the make-up of
early printed books, 81.
Court fines not for law Is.. 322.
Courtney, William Prideaux,
death of, 244.
Coventry (Eng.) P. L., new
branches, 159; rpt., 159; pam-
phlet, 719.
Cowley, Amy, 632, 706.
Cox, Fannie E., 622.
Cox, Martha M., Possibilities of
the pupils' reading courses, 40.
Coxe, Henry Octavius, 803.
Cracow, Austria, Biblioteka Ja-
giellonska, rpt., 720; 1. re-
moved, 788.
Craig, E. L., pres., Ind. Lib.
Trustees' Assn., 47.
Crandall. Mary S., What can be
done by a small library in a
small town, 162.
Cranford (N. J.) P. L., rpt., 64.
Graver, Harrison W., on A. L.
A. finance com., 699.
Cresco, la., plans for Carnegie
L., 864.
Crime index, Ct. legislation,
1663-1788, 233.
Crippen, Helen E., 309.
Crocker, Ruth, 56.
Croes, Miss M. F., 381.
Crosier, Florence L., 617.
Cross, Marie, 142.
Crowell, Edith H., 857.
Crozer Theol. Sem. L., Chester,
Pa., rpt.. 637.
Cully, Lucile, 226.
Current, Nettie L., pres. S. D.
L. Assn., 48.
Currier, T. Franklin, 56.
Curry, Mrs. Belle, pres. Kansas
L. Assn., 910.
Curtis, Mrs. Augusta Munson,
death of, 386.
Curtis, Florence Rising, Selec-
tion of books for prison Is.,
83.
Curtis Mem. L. See Meriden,
Custer, Florence B., 616.
Cutter, Charles Ammi, 1837-1903
(Green), 869.
Cutter, Marian, Developing a
children's room, 731.
Cuter, W. P., on A. L. A. com.
on fed. and state relations,
699; Engineering Socs. L., [il-
lus. and plan], 894-897.
Czarnecki L., in Lemberg, Aus-
tria, 720.
D
Dallas (Tex.) P. L., Oak Cliff
branch, 243, 477, 786; rpt.,
715.
Dana, John Cotton, letter to A.
L. A. Council, 123-125; Mod-
ern American library economy
(Hall), 466; on A. L. A. com-
mittee on exhibit at San Fran-
cisco, 530; Evolution of the
special 1., 729; Nat. bur. of
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
951
municipal information, 875;
939-
Da-iels, Joseph H., 876.
Danielson (Ct.) P. L., loan col-
lection, 937.
Danvers. Mass. See Peabody
Inst. L.
Danville, Ky. See Central Univ.
Darby (Pa.) Lib. Co., sketch of,
65.
Davenport (la.) P. L., new sta-
tions planned, 927.
Davis, Elizabeth H., 620.
Davis, Elizabeth L., 468.
Davis, Florence H., 141.
Davis, Helen M., death of, 778.
Davis, Letty Lucile, 776.
Davis, Mary L., Promoting effi-
ciency in smaller Is., 80.
Davos, Switzerland, gift to found
Sienkiewicz 1., 719.
Dawson (Ga.) P. L., contract
let, 237.
Day, Alice, 914.
Day, Mary Bpstwick, 733.
Days of opening, 251.
Dayton (O.) P. L., East Side
branch opened, 322; music 1.
opened, 396.
Davenport (la.) P. L., rpt., 399.
Dean, Miss F. M., 142.
Dean, Mildred, 468.
Deas, J. A. Charlton, 75.
Debates, 164; ref. books for
1913, 101; material, 405.
Decatur (111.) F. P. L., opens
children's room, 640; rpt., 713.
Dedham (Mass.) P. L., bequest
De Gogorza, Mrs. Flora, 857.
Deichmann L. See Christiania.
Delavan, 111., Ayers P. L. moved,
926.
Delaware, commission, 4; taxa-
tion, 6; book lists, 8. See also
Blind, work with.
Delfino, Mrs. Emma N., on A. L.
A. com. on work with the
blind, 699.
Delisle, Leopold, 428-430.
Delivery of books by messenger,
Wilmington, Del., 170, 710;
St. Paul, 572 ; by parcel post,
9375 by trolley, Brighton, Eng.,
728.
Denmark, 867; free material on,
493-
Denver (Col.) P. L., seven de-
posit stations started, 72; busi-
ness men's branch proposed,
400; training class, rpt., 623;
civil service in, 647; notes of
progress, 786; industrial cata-
log exhibit, 791; co-operative
support of branch, 873.
Department of Agriculture L.,
Washington, D. C., rpt., 392.
Department Is., univ., 10.
Deposit stations, Cleveland, O.,
248.
Derry (N. H.) P. L. burned, 232.
Des Moines (Iowa) P. L.,
branch opened, 242; interior
changes, 242; school branches,
324; advertising campaign,
476; co-operation from schools,
934. See also Iowa State L.
Detroit, Mich., univ. extension
lectures, 69.
Detroit (Mich.) P. L.. adopts
open shelves, 70; plans for
new building, 70; gift of Bur-
ton collection on Detroit of-
fered, 154; Burton 1. accepted,
239; Delray branch, 239; bud-
get, 395; handbook of branch-
es, 395; invites A. L. A. con-
ference in 1917, 530; statement
concerning the budget, 571;
handbook revised, 638; George
Osius branch opened, 862;
clearing site for new bldg.,
935: rpt., 925.
Detroit (Minn.) P. L. opened,
241.
Development and co-operation,
(dept.), 78; 164; 248; 329;
405; 486; 643; 724; 792; 870.
Development, professional, ways
of, 219; future, of college and
univ. Is. (Root), 811-815; be-
yond Mississippi (Antrim),
832-834.
Dewey decimal classification,
409; .937; rearrangement of,
170; in a printing office, 332;
in Russia, 332. See also Clas-
sification.
Dewey, Melvil, 39; Take books
to readers, 416.
Dexter, Bessie H., 226.
Dexter, Elizabeth Hoard, 139;
227.
Dexter. Lydia A., 566.
Dice, J. Howard, 50.
Dick, Margaret S., 142.
Dictionaries, ref. books of 1913
(Mudge), 101; comparison of
(Lee), 179-187.
Dills, Clara B., 857.
Dingman, Annie P., 780.
Discarded books, Rockford (111.)
P. L., 937.
Discipline and furniture
(Henry), 724.
Disease, books as source of
(Reinick), 681-684.
Disinfection, bill regulating in
N. Y., 319.
Dissertations, cataloging of, 44.
District of Columbia, appropria-
tion for Library for Blind, 6;
legisl. for school 1. branches,
321; L. Assn., Oct. 1913
mtg., 44; annual mtg., 1913,
44-45.
District supts., 1. inst. for (Wal-
ter), 696.
Dixon, Vera M., 920.
Dixon, William H., Discussion of
the p. 1., 77.
Doane, Stella T., 566.
Doane, William Croswell, 386.
Dobbins, Elizabeth V., ist v.
pres. Spec. Ls. Assn., 561.
Dobell, Bertram, collection of
privately printed books, 150.
DocumentSj state, 9 ; public, as a
commercial factor (Reinick) ,
207-209; govt., proposed sale
of in bookstores, 305; and pam-
Ehlets, care of, Pomona Col-
-ge» 332; state, recommenda-
tions on exchange of, 559; dis-
tribution of, 840; public, in a
small 1. (Armstrong), 936. See
also A. L. A. committee on;
Printing Bill.
Documents round table, Wash-
ington mtg., 597-598.
Dodge City (Kan.) P. L., use,
864.
Dolezal, Frank, 311.
Dolls, foreign, collection in Hart-
ford, 98; Iowa, 927.
Doren, Elizabeth B., 620.
Dover (N. J.) P. L., Carnegie
bldg. offered, 709; rpt., 709.
Dover (N. H.) P. L., local hist,
exhibit, 792.
Dougherty, Harold T., 336.
Douglas, Jessie, 73-
Dow, Madalene P., 779; 913.
Downey, Elilia, 142.
Downey, Mary E., 403; ad v.
pres. League of L. Comms.,
Downington (Pa.) P. L., opened,
710.
Doylestown, Pa., bequest to build
1. in, 570.
Drama and the 1., 78.
Drama League, 164.
Drexel Inst. L. School, closing of,
257, 286-288, 391; disposal of
records, 616; notes. 51, 227,
309, 562, 615; resolutions on,
304.
Drum, A. L. & Co. L., Chi-
cago, 282.
Drury, F. K. W., pres. 111. Lib.
Assn.. 133; letter on prices of
bouna vols., 256.
Dryden Mem. L. See Pruden-
tial Ins. Co.
Du Bois, Isabel, 142.
DuBois, Marguerite, 142.
Dublin. See Ireland, Nat. L.
of.
Dubuque (Iowa) P. L., branch
opened, 242; rpt. 399.
Dudgeon, Matthew S., pres.
League of L. Comms., 556;
on A. L. A. com. on 1. train-
ing, 699; on A. L. A. pub-
lic docs, com., 699.
Dukes, Frances C., 623.
Dullard, John P., 90, 148, 179,
230.
Duluth P. L., West End branch
moved, 241, 398; plans for
county 1., 324; New Duluth
branch, 786; rpt., 863.
Dummies, substitute for, 252.
Dunbar, Mary E., 138, 230.
Duncan, Miss E., 142.
Dundee, Scotland, Univ. Coll.
L., rpt., 481.
Dunfermline trust. See Carne-
gie United Kingdom Trust.
Dunphy, Jane, 381.
Duplicating processes, 171.
Duplication of work, unneces-
sary, 418.
Duren, Fanny, 920.
Durkee, Florence E., 615, 706.
Durlin, Maud, 377.
Dutt, Newton M., 327: Lost and
stolen books, 944.
Earhart, Frances, v. pres. Lake
Superior L. Assn., 48.
East Bakersfield (Cal.) -P. L.,
contract awarded, 478.
East Greenwich, R. L, new 1.,
60.
East Hampton (N. Y.) P. L.,
bequest to, 569.
East Hartford (Ct.) P. L.,
branch opened, 860.
East Haven, Ct., bequest for 1.,
569-
East Liverpool (O.), circ., 153-
East Orange (N. J.) P. L., plans
for addition, 637; Carnegie
grant promised, 709.
Eastern College Librarians, 1913
conference, 43.
Eastman, Fannie V., Creating a
reading public and directing
. . . readers, 792.
Eastman, William R., Library
legislation in 1913, 3-9; re-
views Wisconsin P. L. Com-
mission's New types of small
library buildings, 52-53; Shelf
capacity, 80; 338.
Eastwood, Mary E., reviews
Baker's Guide to historical fic-
tion, 465.
Eaton, Mabel, 138.
Eatontown (N. J.) P. L. opened,
149.
Eau Claire (Wis.) P. L., 397.
Edgecumbe, John, death of, 479.
Edmboro, Pa.. Normal School
L., 65.
Edison Elec. Illuminating Co.
L., Boston, 282.
952
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
Editions, revised (Sherman).
496, 576; selection and cost of
(Jeffers), 669-672.
Edmands, John, 230; Origin of
Poole's Index, 870.
Edmonton (Alberta) P. L., rpt.,
Edmunds, Albert J., Short and
easy method with pamphlets,
449.
Education, ref. books for 1913
(Mudge), 103.
Education, Bureau of. See Bu-
reau of Education.
Educator, 1. as, 77, 162, 404,
723, -790.
Edwards, Mrs. Julian, gift to
N. Y. P. L., 86 1.
Efficiency and bibliographical re-
search (Josephson), 85; devel-
opment of in Ibns., 219.
Egan, Mary, 705.
Egbert, Mabel, 857.
Eggertsen, S. P., pras. Utah L.
Assn., 614.
Ehrenfeld, Rev. C. L., death of,
230.
Ela, Elizabeth, 619.
Elberfeld, Ger., Stadtbucherei,
circ., 160.
Eliot. Charles W., Amer. f. 1. in
Peking, 688-689.
Eliot, Ruth F., 142.
Elizabeth (N. J.) P. L., rpt.,
149; supervision in Liberty
Square branch, 166; school
branch, 389.
Ellis, Victoria, 315, 402.
Elmendorf, Mrs. H. L., or.
A. L. A. publishing board,
699.
Ely, Mary, Children's books, 549.
Emerson, Prof. Samuel Frank-
lin, 142; Some books of value
to high school teacher, 555.
Eminence, Ky., L. Assn. formed,
68.
Emmons, Alice M., 776.
. ; . -,., book
641.
Emporia (Kan.) L.,
fund,
Emporia (Kan.) State Normal
School, Kellogg L., sight-see-
ing day, 864; 1. courses in, 928.
Encyclopaedias, ref. books of
1913 (Mudge), 101.
Endowment fund. See A. L. A.
trustees of.
Engell. Mrs. Jennie C., 566.
English catalog of books, 733.
Engineering Is., 491. See also
Amer. Soc. of Civil Engrs. L.:
United Engineering Soc. L.;
Western Soc. of Engineers.
England. See Great Britain.
Enid (Okla.) P. L., 401. See
also Phillips Univ. L.
Enoch Pratt F. L., Baltimore,
need of enlargement, 150;
campaign for oranch, 237;
branch at Irvington requested,
392; rpt., 711; "Facts for the
public, 924.
Ephraim, Utah, 1. bldg. begun,
403-
Equipment, 492.
Erskme, Mary L.. 632.
Esdaide, Arundeli, 733.
Esselstyn, Katharine, 851.
Essex (Mich.) P. L., bldg. con-
tract let, 395.
Essex Junction (Vt.) P. L.
moved, 145.
Etiquette, professional (Rath-
bone), 127-128.
Endpapers. See Manuscripts.
Eureka (Kan.) P. L., bldg. com-
pleted, 641; 1. moved, 928 .
Eureka Springs (Ark.) P. L.,
opened, 400.
Europe, summer travel plans,
southern route itinerary, 116-
118; northern itinerary, 355-
356; genl. comment on, 258,
29X» 337; rpt. of southern
party, 755-760; rpt. of north-
ern party, 828-832.
European war, editorial comment
on, 657, 737.
Eustis, Annita, 780.
Evans, Adelaide F., 617.
Evans, Italia E., 851.
Evans, Verna M.. 622, 776.
Evanston, 111., Garrett Biblical
Inst. L., rpt., 239.
Evansville (Ind.) P. L., colored
branch, 640; rpt., 713; open-
ing of branches, 785.
Eveleth (Minn.) P. L., opened,
786.
Everett, Mass., Parlin Mem. L.,
rpt.f 59
Examination for scientific asst.
in 1. science, Dept. of Agric.,
»if.
Examinations, entrance, in 1.
schools, 542-545.
Exeter. N. H., Phillips Exeter
Academy L., bequest to, 58.
Exhibit, A. L. A., for Panama-
Pacific Exposition, 897; 'adver-
tising, 791 ; "better babies,"
932; better books, 405; bird,
791 ; children's handicraft,
870; cut paper pictures, 471;
industrial, 932; industrial
catalogs, 791; labor-saving de-
vices (Thompson), 512-520;
local history, 792; new books,
252; N. J. clay industries, 924;
paintings, 324; photographs,
1 68; pictures, 251; pioneer
life, 155; Shakespeare, 470;
war maps, 870; wild flower,
S>5; at Exposition, Portland,
re., 792; at fairs: Ky., 933;
Ohio, 871; Regina, Sask., 717;
Alexandria, Ind., 165; Hartford
P. L., 97; Los Angeles, 78;
Newark, 236; San Bernardino,
78; San Francisco, 406. See
also Advertising.
Expenditures, unusual, 251.
Extension of 1. field, 578; ru-
ral, 6.
Extension work (dept.), 78, 163,
248, 328, 404, 486, 643, 723,
791, 870, 932; by commissions,
216. See also Clubs; Deposit
stations; Foreigners, work
with; Immigrants.
Fair Haven (Vt.) F. L., rpt.,
Fairfield, Cal. See Solano Co.
Fairfield (Neb.) P. L. dedicated,
242.
Fairhaven, Mass., Millicent L.
pamphlet, 568.
Fairport, N. Y., Carnegie 1. of-
fered, 471.
Falconer (N. Y.) P. L., site
bought, 147; opened, 708; gift
to, 783.
Fall _ River (Mass.) P. L., re-
pairs in, 145.
Fansler, Daisy, 623.
Fargo, Lucile, sec. 1. dept., N. E.
A., 694.
Farmington (Me.) P. L., be-
quest to, 470.
Faxon, F. W., on A. L. A. com.
on travel, 699.
Fay, Lucy E., pres. Tenn. L.
Assn., 374; Special work of
college and normal school Is.,
651.
Fayette, Mo. See Central Col-
lege.
Fegan, Ethel S., Some American
Is., 707.
Fennelly, C., sec. Lake Superior
L. Assn., '48.
Ferguson, M. J., 73.
Fernald, Louise M., 51.
Fesenbeck. Mrs. J. A., 857.
Fiction, historical (Baker), 465;
place of in Is. (Sayers), 939.
Field, Ruth K., 239.
Fields, Maude, 142.
Filing current periodicals, 253.
Findlay, O., 1. bond issue pro-
sed, 239; offer of Jones
mestead for 1. declined, 572.
Fine arts. ref. books of 1913
(Mudge} , 104.
Fines, 251; Chicago P. L., 397;
from police courts for law Is.,
475; in college Is., 874.
Finnegan, Catherine, How the 1.
began to teach school in East
Canaan, 247.
Fire, precaution against in Is.,
337-
Firestone Tire and Rubber Co.,
Akron, O., industrial 1. in-
stalled, 639.
Fisher, Florence, 623.
Fisher, Grace, 142.
Fitch, Edith, 777.
Fitzgerald, Ga., movement for
p. 1., 237; bldg. begun, 925.
Fitzpatrick, Edward A., Spec.
1. and public efficiency, 795.
Flagg, Charles A., New Bangor,
MV P. L. [illus.], 203.
Flavell, Annie L., 310.
Fleming, Agnes, 851.
Fleming, Mrs. W. S., 325.
Flemming, Pauline, 316.
Fletcher, William I., Some recol-
lections of the Boston Athen-
aeum, 579-583; William Freder-
ick Poole. 1821-1894, 7.22;
Chapters from an impossible
autobiography ... the lost
ms. [Poole's Index], 870.
Flickinger, Mrs. Caroline, 857.
Flint, Rachel, 377.
Florence, Miss F., 381.
Florence, Italy, soc. for provid-
ing school Is., 161.
Florence, S. C., Carnegie grant,
474-
Flower, Miss D., 381.
Flower, Gretchen, 706, 776.
Flushing (N. Y.) P. L., death
of founder, 319.
Poland, Grace, 138.
Foote, W. W., 857.
Forbes, Florence D., 617.
Forbes L., Northampton, Mass.,
rpt., 708; bust of Judge
Forbes, 860; victrolas for
school use, 922.
Ford, Guy Stanton, L. and the
graduate school, 651.
Foreign affairs index (Hasse),
Foreigners, California buys books
for, 49; work with, 83, 162,
475; work with (Maltby), 605.
Farren, Miss A. F.. 315, 380.
Forgeus, Margaret, 616.
Forrest, Elizabeth, 857.
Fort Leavenworth, Kan., appro-
priation for new 1., 400.
Fort Madison, la., 1. for peniten-
Fort S*cott ' (Kan.) P. L., rpt.,
400.
Fort Wayne (Ind.) P. L., bird
exhibits, 791.
Fort Worth (Tex.) P. L., paint-
ing exhibit 156; rpt.. 928.
Foss, Sam Walter, 381.
Fossier, Anna K., 566.
Foster, Anna R., 777.
Foster, William E.. Biographical
sketch of Justin Winsor, 247.
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
953
Fostona (O.) P. L., erection of
bldg., 69.
Foulds, Maud M., 382.
Founding, developing, and main-
taining interest (dept.), 79,
165, 248, 405, 487, 643, 724,
792. bee also Taxation.
Fowler, Maude W., 617.
Fox, Eliza M., 563, 616.
France, 161, 719, 865; copyright
of card catalog, 882.
Frank, Mary, 135.
Frankfort, (Ky.) subscription 1.
made public, 862.
Frankfurt (Ger.) Municipal L.,
rpt., 482.
Franklin, Benjamin, law books
printed by, bought by N. Y.
State Lv 66.
Franklin Inst. L., Philadelphia,
282.
Franklin, Tenn., pub. school 1.,
Fran3k'linville, N. Y., P. L. voted,
471; to have new bldg., 635.
Frederick, Md., county 1. cam-
paign, 321; P. L. opened, 392,
570, 784.
Frederickson, Marion E., 226,
776.
Frederick, Mrs. Eva Gaudin, 230.
Free material, 169.
Freidus, A. S., Scope of the Jew-
ish div. [N. Y. P. L.] in the
light of I. practice, 411.
French Librarians Assn. recom-
mendations, 865.
Frick, Eleanor H., sec. N. Y. L.
Club, 606, 847.
Friedel, Esther, 622.
Friends F. L. See Germantown.
Friendship, Me., 1. collection
formed, 317.
Froelich, Olga, 142.
Frye, Mary H., 70.
Fuller, Mrs. Clara A., pres. Bay
Path L. Club, 609.
Fuller, Miss F. H., 315.
Funds, control of, Helena,
Mont., 647; raising, 166, 249,
33i, 647, 794, 935; in Bir-
mingham, 475. See also Taxa-
tion.
Furbeck, Mary E., 615, 780.
Furnas, Marcia, 142.
Furness, Horace Howard, be-
quest for free 1. at Walling-
ford, 67.
Furniture, 724; Toronto chil-
dren's room, 331.
G
Gainsborough (Eng.) P. L. re-
opened, I*}.
Gainesville (Tex.) P. L., open-
ed, 928.
Galena (111.) P. L., rpt., 640.
Galesburg, 111., F. P. L., bond
issue voted, 155; rpt., 926.
Galpin, Stella B., 853.
Gannon, Viola, 468.
Garden City, Minn., mem. 1. for,
863.
Garland (Utah) P. L. contract
awarded, 479.
Garnett (Kan.) P. L., 864.
Garrett Biblical Inst. L. See
Evanston.
Gary (Ind.) P. L., music rolls
for circ., 408; Hobart branch,
785.
Gaylord, Alice, 858, 915.
General Theological Seminary L.,
New York City, rot., 148.
Geneva (N. Y.) £ L., books
transferred from high school
1., 388.
Geneva, N. Y., State Experiment
Station, 1. bldg. asked for, 234.
Geneva (Switzerland) P. L., rpt.,
482; Univ. and P. L., rpt.,
867.
Geological Survey L., Washing-
ton, D. C., rpt., 393.
George, Mrs. Marie Minton, 623.
George Smith P. L. See Junc-
tion City, Kan.
George's Inst. See Philadelphia.
Georgetown (D. C.) Univ., be-
quest to, 321.
Georgetown, Ky., Scott Co., F.
P. L., opened, 638.
Georgia State L., legisl. ref.
dept., 638, 784.
Georgia Umv. L., Athens, con-
ditions in, 638.
Geography, ref. books of 1913
(Mudge), 107; free material
on, 169.
German book orders since the
war, 88 1 ; booktrade and the
Amer. bookbuyer (Harrasso-
witz), 944-
German Lbns. Assn., 1913 ann.
mtg., Mayence (Mattern), 201-
203; 1914 ann. mtg., Leipzig
(Hendry), 836-838.
Germantown, Pa., L. Assn. dis-
banded, 65; Friends F. L.,
rpt., 320.
Germany, 76, 160, 246, 482, 719,
788, 866; first 1. school started,
900.
Germs. See Disease.
Gibson, Anna, 142.
Gifts, unsolicited, 129, 250; dis-
position of, 765.
Gilham, Virginia N., 617.
Gilmore, Evelyn, L., 382.
Gilliam, E. Leslie, Newark 1. for
business men, 334.
Gillis, J. L., on A. L. A. com.
on exhibit at San Francisco,
530; pres. Nat. Assn. State
Ls., 559; on A. L. A. com. on
co-ordination, 699; pres. Cal.
L. Assn., 699.
Girls, work with, 875.
Glazier, Pearle, 776.
Gleason, Eleanor, 617, 849.
Glenn, Marian R., Library of the
Amer. Bankers' Assn., 730.
Glenn Co. L., Cal., authorized,
478.
Gloucester (Mass.) P. L., paint-
ings stolen, 384.
Godard, G. S., Conn. State L.
bldg., 452; on A. L. A. public
doc. com., 699.
Goff, Mary E., 379-
Goldthwaite, Lucille A., on A.
L. A. com. on work with the
.blind, 699.
"Good book shelf," 653.
Goodell, Frederick. 776, 780.
Goodrich, B. F. Co. L., Akron,
O., 282.
Goodrich, F. L. D., reviews Say-
ers' Short course in practical
classification, 467.
Goodrich, Kate A., 779.
Goodwin, John E., sec. Texas L.
Assn., 612.
Goodwyn Institute, Memphis,
Tenn., resources, 153.
Gordon, Alys M., 857.
Gorton, Helen, 137, 142, 572.
Goshen (N. Y.) P. L., bequest
to, 61.
Goss, Edna L., 379.
Goss, Harriet, 780, 857.
Gosse, Edmund, 159, 788.
Goettingen Univ. L., book pur-
chases, 788.
Goucher (Md.) College L.,
opened, 924.
Gould, Dr. C. H., on A. L. A.
com. on amendment of consti-
tution, 530; on A. L. A. com.
on co-ordination, 679.
Goulding, Philip S., Classifica-
tion of literatures, 266-273.
Governing board, 80.
Government and service (dept.),
80, 166, 250, 331, 407, 488,
647, 724, 794, 873, 935.
Graceville, Minn., Carnegie
apprn. accepted, 241.
Graff en, Jean., sec. Pa. L. Club,
610.
Graham, Audienne, 227.
Grand Rapids P. L., folder of
information, 395 ; vacation
helps, 644; rpt. on abolition
of book renewals, 690-691;
rpt., 712; co-operation from
doctors,, 724; time needed for
cataloging, 728; growth of
card catalog, 728; work with
mothers, 793; "better babies"
photographs, 871 ; birthday lists
of books, 872; free lectures,
925.
Granite Falls, Minn., to build
Carnegie L, 241.
Grant, Arthur Hastings, gift of
1853 attendance register to
A. L. A., 526.
Grant, Thirza E., 852.
Grants Pass, Ore., 1. planned, 74.
Grass Valley (Cal.) P. L., cam-
paign for Carnegie bldg., 325.
Grasty, Katherine, 857.
Graves, Chas. E., 468.
Graves, Eva W., 230.
Gray, Eleanor, 849.
Gray, Frances Pillow, 778.
Great Britain, 75-76, 159, 244,
326, 480-482, 642, 717, 788,
865, 930; 1. reform in, 646.
Greef, Elva, 914.
Green, Bernard Richardson,
death of, 828.
Green, Edna S., 623.
Green, Dr. John, bequeaths med.
1. to Worcester Dist. Med.
Soc., 146.
Green, Margaret S., 854.
Green, Samuel Swett, 780;
Charles Ammi Cutter, 869.
Green, Walter C., Library co-
operation in a college town,
79; letter on calls made on
Ibn's. time, 736.
Greene, Charles S., letter cor-
recting Antrim's County 1.,
736.
Greeneville, Ct., Otis L., special
privileges in, 233.
Greeneyille, Tenn., Carnegie 1.
promised, 68; under construc-
tion, 925.
Greensboro (N. C.) P. L., be-
quest to, 322; advertising
bookmarks, 933.
Greenwood, M. M., elected treas.
Lake Superior L. Assn., 48.
Greenwood's British Library
Yearbook. See Philip, Alex-
ander J.
Greer, Agnes F., Lectures and
night classes, 78; 56, 857.
Greer, Sarah, 779.
Griffith, Louise, 381.
Griggs, Mrs. A. F., treas. N. C.
L. Assn., 45.
Grimm, Minerva, 776.
Groff, Edward L., 920.
Groton, N. Y., Goodyear Mem.
L. founded, 61.
Group index; or, catalog at the
shelves (Clapp), 431-435-
Orubbs, .hmmehne, 926.
Grubbs, Eva, 857.
Guernsey Mem. L. See Nor-
wich.
Guilford, Catherine M., 563.
Culler, Alice A., 617.
Gutta percha binding repairs,
651.
954
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
H
Hackensack (N. J.) P. L., co-
operation with Farm Demon-
stration Bur., 710.
Hackney (Eng.) P. L., Clapton
branch opened, 481.
Haddon Heights (N. J.) F. L.,
472.
Hadley, Chalmers, pres. Col. Bd.
of L. Commissioners, 43 ; on
A. L. A. com. on L training,
699.
Haffkin - Hamburger, Mme. L.,
700, 764, 920.
Hagerman, Freda, 142.
Hafght, Rachel Webb, 616.
Haines, Alice J., sec. Cal. L.
Assn., 699.
Haines, Helen E., Library ex-
hibit for the Panama Exposi-
tion, 406; reviews Bishop's
Practical handbook of modern
1. cataloging, 626; reviews
Roberts' Club woman's handy-
book of programs and club
management, 705.
Haines, Mabel R., 857.
Haith, Edith E., 916.
Hall, Drew B., Opening of Som-
erville (Mass.) P. L. [illus.],
35-38; reviews Dana's Modern
Amer. 1. economy, 466.
Hall, Grace E., 468.
Hall, Laura, 313.
Hall, Mary, 857.
Hall, Mary E., on A. L. A. com.
for co-operation with N. E. A.,
699; L. and vocational train-
ing, 723.
Halle, Germany, Marien-Kirche
1. for sale, 76.
Hamal, Frank, Ls. of Louvain,
93i.
Hamburg, Ger., Oeffentliche
Bucherhalle, 866.
Hamilton College, Clinton, N. Y.,
new 1. dedicated, 860.
Hamilton, O. See Lane P. L.
Hamilton, Theodosia E., 852.
Hamlin, John H., 142.
Hampton Inst., Va., traveling Is.,
025.
Hancock, Mich., high school 1.
made public, 925. See also
Houghton, Mich.
Handerson, Juliet A., 311, 312.
Handley L., Winchester, Va.,
[illus.], 109.
Handy, D. N., Business 1., 729.
Hansen, Agnes, 617.
Hanson, Doris M., 776, 780.
Hanson, J. C. M., A. L. A. dele-
gate to Oxford, 530.
Hanson, Laura E., 61 6.
Hamilton. William J., 632.
Hardy, A. L., Some of Pitts-
burgh's early Is., 66-67.
Hardy, A. Marie, 377, 619, 776.
Hardy, E. A., sec. and treas.
Ont. L. Assn., 462.
Hargrave, Josephine, 777.
Harrassowitz, Otto. German
booktrade and the Amer. book-
buyer, 944.
Harris, William J., Organization
and conduct of reading cir-
cles; adult and junior, 939.
Harrisburg, Pa., Dauphin Co.
Law L., 150.
Harrisburg (Pa.) P. L. opened
[illus.], 112-113; circulation
first week, 237. chi
Harrison (Ark.) P. L., hours of 89
opening, 243. ch
State L.; Trinity College L.;
Watkinson Ref. L.; Hewins.
Hartman, Louise, 142.
Hartmann, Astrid, 468.
Hartwell, Dr. Edward M., 706.
Harvard Univ.? Cambridge,
Mass., commission on western
history rot., 317.
Harvard Univ. L., progress on
Widener L., 59; gift of Ste-
venson mss. to, 232; acquires
Buddhist Scriptures, 317; Cad-
walader bequest, 384; quarters
in Randall Hall, 568; purchase
of Peirce collection on Utah,
568; rpt., 634; staff reorgani-
zation, 647; gift of ms. of
"America," 922.
Haseltine, Elizabeth A., 776.
HassCj Adelaide R., Socialized
bibliography, 77; Civic bibl. of
to-morrow, £58; Index to U. S.
docs, relating to foreign af-
fairs, 575 ; on A. L. A. pub-
lic docs, com., 609; 920.
Hassler, Harriott E., pres. Long
Island L. Club, 607.
Hatfield, Addie E., sec. school
Is. section N. Y. State 'Teach-
ers' Assn., 40.
Haverhill (Mass.) P. L., rpt.,
59; picture collection, 726.
Hawes, Clara S., 706.
Hawkes, Arthur J., Vain pur-
suits and their relation to p.
Is., 727.
Hawaii, libraries of (Reece),
15-19.
Hawkins, Jean, Printed guides
for 1. catalogs, 81.
Hawthorne (N. J.) P. L., incor-
porated, 320; new 1. planned,
924.
Haynes, E. S. P., Taboos of the
Brit. Mus. L., 169.
Hazardville, Ct., transportation
of 1. books to, 147.
Hazeltine, Alice L, 920.
Healy, Alice M., L. exhibit in
San Francisco, 406: 781.
Healy, Miss M., 706.
Hedenbergh, Ethel A., 622.
Heidelberg, Ger., Volksbibliothek
statistics, 160.
Heinemann, David E., 908.
Heins, Dorothea C., 138.
Helliwell, Local co-operative cat-
aloging, 81.
Helvetica, purchase of, by Swiss
Is., 2CI.
Hendee, Cora, 620.
Henderson, Mrs. Isabel, 158.
Hendersonville (N. C.) P. L.
opened, 862.
Hendry, Donald A., Library in-
struction at Pratt Inst., 211-
212; Fifteenth ann. rater. of
the Verein Deutscher Biblio-
thekare, 836-838.
Henley, Lillian, 143, 781.
Henry, W. E., Discipline and
furniture, 724.
Hepburn, William M., Agricul-
tural college, influence of, 435-
438.
Hering, Hollis W.. 632.
Herkimer (N. Y.) F. L., rpt.,
234.
Hernngton (Kan.) P. L. under
construction, 157.
Hession, Miss E. J., 381.
Hester, Edna A., 379.
Hewins, Caroline M., Work with
children in small libraries, 44,
with
opening, 243.
Harrison (Ida.) P. L., 930.
Harrison, Joseph LeRoy, 142.
Hartford, Ct., municipal 1. dis-
cussed, 386.
Hartford. See also Connecticut
j How library work
children has grown in Hart-
ford and Connecticut, 91-99.
Hickman, Margaret, 376, 382.
Hicks, Frederick C., 413; on
A. L. A. publicity committee,
529.
Hicks, James B death of, 56.
Higgins, Alice G., 857.
High school and normal Ibns.,
jt. mtg., 552-556.
High school branches, Princeton,
N. J., 247; Somerville, Mass.,
248; Jersey City, 790; Kansas
City (Wright), 673-676.
High school Is., as branches of
p. Is. (Wood), 659-662; list of
books suited to, U. S. Bur. of
Educ., 140; books for (Wil-
son), 702-704; self-government
in, 938. See also School Is.
Highland Park, Mich., 1. appro-
priation voted, 395.
Higley, Florence, J., 849.
Hild, F. H., death of, 857.
Hill, Fanny W., 143, 379, 620,
779-
Hill, Gertrude P., 877.
Hill, Frank P., 56; A. L. A.
delegate to Oxford, 530;
chairman com. on A. L. A.
exhibit at San Francisco, 530;
Should Is. be classified for fix-
ing standard of salaries and
vacations, 552; on A. L. A.
com. on internat. relations,
699-
Hills, Elizabeth, sec. Vt. L.
Assn., 905.
Hinckley, George L., 857.
Hines, Mabel, 915.
Hispanic Soc. L., New York
City, plans for enlargement,
389-
Historical material, presentation
of, 167, 251; local, 826.
History, ref. books of 1913
(Mudge), 107.
Hitchler, Theresa, A. L. A. party
in southern Europe, 755-760;
reviews A. L. A. code for
classifiers, 855;^ reviews
Quinn's L. cataloging, 855.
Hitt, Eleanor, 311.
Hobart, Frances, 632.
Hobart, Ind., Carnegie L. prom-
ised, 240.
Hoboken (N. J.) P. L., manual
training classes make shelving
for, 570; publ. of minutes abol-
ished, 64; new deposit stations
opened, 149; budget cut, 236;
steel stacks for, 320; expan-
sion, 472; regulations for as-
sistants, 637.
Hodge, Lillian, 239.
Hodges, N. D. C., on A. L. A.
com. on amendment of consti-
tution, 530; County extension
work, 552; on A. L. A. com.
on co-ordination, 699.
Hodgkins, Mabel. 632.
Hodnefield, Jacob, Ls. of Scan-
dinavia, 866.
Holden, Dr. Edward Singleton,
death of, 316.
Holidays and vacations, 331.
Holland, cheap books in, 80;
notes, 245; Royal L. of, 161.
Holmes, Florence I., 468.
Holmes, Frances Louise, 56.
Holmes, Marjorie H., 851.
Home use — loans, 251.
Honeyman, J. R. C., sec. Sask.
L. Assn., 374; Traveling 1.
possibilities in Saskatchewan,
556.
Hood River (Ore.) P. L., new
bldg. near completion, 74.
Hood, Theresa B., 238, 313, 3*5.
Hopewell (N. J.) P. L. opened,
Hopkins, Dorothy, 778.
Hopkins, Jessica, 915.
Hopkins, Julia A., 468; Essen-
tials in 1. instruction, 555; 615.
Hopkinsville (Ky.) P. L.,
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
955
bldg. begun, 153; new bldg.,
394; moved to new bldg.. 784;
movement for negro 1., 862.
Hornell, N. Y. See Benedict,
H. G.
Hospital Is., 492.
Houghton (Mich.) P. L., illus.
(Frye) for Lagerlof's "Won-
derful adventures of Nils,"
70; proposed consolidation with
Hancock P. L., 639.
Houlton (Me.) P. L., bequest to,
568.
Hours, 189; Harvard Univ. L.,
647; of opening, 725. See also
Salaries, hours and vacations.
Houston (Tex.) P. Lv, chil-
dren's contrib. to book fund,
72 ; increased appropriation
asked, 401; budget cut, 477;
Law L. Assn., 786.
Howard Mem. L., New Orleans,
reprint, 400.
Howe, Harriet E., 378.
Howe, Mrs. Newbury J., v. pres.
Ind. L. Trustees' Assn., 47.
Howe, Winifred E., 143.
Howell, Adaline, 620.
Rowland, Anne Wallace, recep-
tion for, 378.
Howrah, India, gift of 1. site,
484.
Hoyt, Dorothy G., 619, 776.
Hoyt, Stella R., 56.
Hoxie, Louise, 777.
Hubbard, Anna G., on A. L. A.
com. on bookbuying, 699.
Hudson (Mass.) P. L., rpt., 384.
Hudson Falls (N. #) P. L.,
rpt., 61.
Hughes, Howard L., pres. N. J.
L. Assn., 300.
Hughes, Ruth P., 138.
Hulburd, Annabel A., 632.
Hulings, Emma, 139.
Humble, Marion, Children's
books for Christmas purchase,
84; Prairie du Chien idea,
893-894.
Hume, Jessie Fremont, 143.
Humors and blunders, 88, 495,
880.
Hungary. See Austria-Hungary.
Hunt, Clara Whitehill, Brooklyn
opens the first children's
branch, 761.
Hunt, Edith E., 224.
Hunt, Katherine E., 616.
Hunter, Mary B., 56.
Huntington Beach (Cal.) P. L.,
cornerstone laid, 157.
Huntington, Ct., Plumb Mem.
L., rpt., 386.
Huntsville, Ala., to have Car-
negie 1., 322.
Hurlbut, Anna, 916.
Hutchins, Fiank Avery, 178;
death of, 204; A. L. A. reso-
lutions on, 532; resolutions of
Wis. L. Assn. on, 772.
Hutchinson, Lura C., 620.
Hutchinson, Kan., high school 1.,
928; P. L., addition proposed,
Hutt,' Katherine Mae, 468.
Huxley, Florence A., 90; reviews
Carr's Immigrant and 1., 565;
reviews Pearson's Secret book,
630.
Hyde, Mary E., 619, 706.
Idaho, commission, 3.
Ideson, Julia, 56.
Illinois, commission, 4; ^ legisla-
tive ref., 8; Legislative Bu-
reau (Bell), 133; lack of funds
for Is., 155.
Illinois Library Association, ann.
mtg., 131-133; ann. mtg., 908-
909.
Illinois State L., 8; criticism of,
i IS; civil service difficulties,
258, 323.
Illinois Univ. L., to have new
bldg., 239 j Classification of
literatures in (Goulding), 266-
273; purchase of Vahlen 1.
640; addition to bldg., 397,
?8s.
Illinois Univ. L. School, notes,
378, 564, 619, 779, 852; sum-
mer session, 379, "700.
Illinois. See also Blind, work
with.
Imhoff, Ono M., 143.
Immigrant and I., Ital. helps
(Carr), 565.
Immigrants. See also Foreign-
ers, work with.
Immigration in N. Y. C., 606.
Imperial P. L., St. Petersburg,
centenary, 198-199.
Importation of books, legislation,
305.
Independence Inspection Bur. L.,
Philadelphia, 282.
Independence (Kan.) P. L., circ.
average, 157.
Index Office, organized, 306; in-
dex to derma tological journals,
728.
Index to the scientific contents of
the Journal and Proceedings
of the Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia, 1812-
1912 (review), 54-56.
Index to Querard s two French
bibls., 494-
Ma
54J
Keystone State L. Assn. rpt.
idexing,
er, (N
elson), 54; periodical,
903; lantern slides (Champ-
kins), 935; local newspapers,
936. See also Periodicals.
India, 327, 484, 931.
Indiana, commission, 4; codifica
tion of laws, 5; school Is., 6;
State L. reorganized, 8; Bur.
of Legisl. and Admin. Infor-
mation, 9; summer school, 314.
Indiana State L. Trustees Assn.,
1913 ann. mtg., 46; legisl. com-
mittee named, 154.
Indiana State Mem. L. and Mu-
seum proposed, 926.
Indiana State Teachers Assn. L.
section, 1913 ann. mtg., 133.
Indianapolis P. L., specifications
for new bldg., 154; compe-
tition for architect for new
bldg., 396; Indianapolis (Ind.)
P. L., foreign books,, 475;
plea for 1. on South side, 572.
Independence, la., 1. bldg. pro-
vided, 399.
Infection. See Disease.
Information bureaus, Index Of-
fice organized, 306; nat., plans
for, 329; service, 409; co-oper-
ative, 165, 792.
Information desk, work of
(Rhoades), 350-353.
Information system, nation-wide,
outline for (Lee), 886-890.
Ingalls, Florence L., 566.
Ingram, Lottie N., 622.
Injuries and abuses, 649.
Institutes, Ontario, 461; New
York state, 764, 789; Illinois,
863.
Instruction, 1., at Pratt Institute
(Hendry), 211-212; in the use
of books in college 1. (Wyer),
439-441; in colleges and nor-
mal schools in use of 1. (Cap-
en), 552; some essentials in
(Hopkins), 555; in normal
schools, 77, 789; in use of col-
lege L, 476, 869; in use of p.
1.: Pratt Inst., 61; Toledo, 404;
Des Moines, 486; New Haven,
932; Ufa, Russia, 868.
Instruction. See also Library
training.
Insurance, accident, index, 155.
Insurance L. Assn., Boston, 282;
new quarters, 384.
Insurance Society of N. Y., L.,
282.
Interest, developing and main-
taining, 79; stimulating, 792.
Inter-1. Toans, 111., 643.
International conferences, 177;
feeling in 1. world before the
war, 738.
Investors Agency L., N. Y.,
282.
lola (Kan.) P. L., use, 864.
Iowa, commission, 4; rural ex-
tension, 6; doll collection,
927.
Iowa State Library, history of,
Brigham, 140; new shelving
for, 399.
Iowa Univ., Iowa City, summer 1.
school, 773.
Iowa. See also Blind, work
with.
Ireland, Nat. L. of, Bibliography
of Irish philology and of print-
ed Irish literature (Nolan),
228; rpt., 326. Set also Great
Britain.
Irwin, William. L. trustees —
their responsibility for success
of 1., 794.
"Islandica, vol. vn, issued by
Cornell, 635.
Isom, Mary T., opening of Mult-
nomah Co. P. L., Portland,
Ore., 41-43; 316; L. as civic
center, 328.
Italy, 1 6 1, 246, 719.
Ithaca, N. Y. See Cornell Unir.
L.; New York L. Assn.
Jackson, D. C. and W. B., L.,
Boston, 382.
Jackson, Miss., new 1. near com-
Eletion, 571; progress on new
, 784.
Jackson (Tenn.) P. L., rpt., 395.
Jacksonville (Fla.) P. L., book-
list on babies, 793; branch
opened, 925.
James Prendergast F. L. Sec
Jamestown.
James, Thomas. 743.
Jameson, Dr. J. Franklin, Need
of a nat. archive bldg., 524.
Jameson, Mary Ethel, 311, 776.
Jamestown, N. Y., James Pren-
dergast F. L., rpt., 783.
Japan, 76, 484.
Jarnoe, Ingrid, 618.
Jeffers, LeRoy, Selection and
cost of editions, 669-672.
Jenkins, Frederick Warren, L.
supplies, 171, 336; pres. N. Y.
L. Club, 847.
Jenkintown, Pa., Abineton L.,
hist, sketch of, 65.
Jennings, J. T., on A. L. A. ex-
ecutive board, 523; Should Is.
be under municipal and state
civil service, 551.
Jersey City (N. J.) P. L., asth
anniversary, 320, 473.
• rome, Janet, 858.
ersey City P. L., Amer. flag
monograph, 733; high school
erome, Janet, 858.
P. L.,
monograpn, 733; High school
branches, 790; pamphlet "Star
spangled banner," 797; local
govt. pamphlets, 940.
Jesup Mem. L. Ste Bar Har-
bor.
Jewish books in Univ. of 111. L.,
85; book collections, 411; Is.,
956
described in Russian Jewish
periodical, 720.
Tiflson, William E., 706, 858.
Toeckel, Carlton B., 858.
John Crerar L., Chicago, fire in
bindery, 70; handbook, 171;
John "j/cln'tire P. L., Cleveland,
396.
John Rylands L., Manchester,
Eng., enlargement planned,
Joimson City, Tenn., Mayne Wil-
liams L., 238.
Johnson, Miss Esther C., 705,
Johnson, Ethel M., Vocational
work through the library, 27.
Johnson, Henry D., American
printing of to-day, 841.
Johnson, Jeanne, 468, 617.
Johnson (Vt.) P. L., history of,
Johnston, Florence D., 619, 776.
Johnston, Helen L., 563.
Johnston, Henry Edward, death
of, 480.
Johnston, Myrtle, 143.
Johnston, Richard H., rpt. on
50 representative special Is.,
280-284; pres. Spec. Ls. Assn.,
561.
Johnston, W. Dawson, to St.
Paul, i, 43; Library as a
university factor, 10-15; on col-
lege training for librarians, 38;
work at Columbia, 206; Sur-
vey of rural literacy, 653; on
A. L. A. com. on 1. training,
699; L. and history study, 883-
886.
ohnstone, Ursula K., 858.
ones, Ada Alice, 338, 357-360.
ones, Mrs. Alice, 56.
ones, Caroline, 913.
ones, Clara A., 382.
ones, G. M., on A. L. A. com.
on amendment of constitution,
T 53°' T-
Jones, Linn, 377.
Jones, Mabel Delle, 139; 312.
Jonet, Marian, 377.
Jones, Mary Helen, 65.
Joliet (111.) P. L., bequest to,
640. See also Steel Works
Club L.
Josephson, Aksel G. S., Efficiency
and bibliographical research,
85; For the Ibn.'s study, 190-
192.
Journalism, Edwin Hadley Smith
collection, transferred to Co-
lumbia Univ., 62.
Judson, Katherine B., 858.
unction City, Kan., George
Smith, P. L., rpt., 400; 715.
Jurisdiction, conflicts of in 1.
•ystems (Bostwick) 550, 588-
591.
K
Kaiser, John Boynton, 56: Na-
tional bibls. of the So. Amer.
republics (Seaver), 466; Law,
legislative, and municipal ref-
erence Is. (Lester), 918-920.
Kaiser, Leila M., 858.
Kansas City (Kan.) P. L., de-
posit stations, 157; rpt., 715.
Kansas City (Mo.) P. L., high
•chool branches (Wright}, 673-
676; music rolls for circula-
tion, 156; training class, 242.
Kansas, commission, 4; establish-
ment of city Is., 5; traveling 1.
comm.. 641.
Kansas L. Assn., ann. mtg., 909.
Kansas State Hist. Soc. L., rpt.,
400; resources, 641; tablet to
Ibn., 928.
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
Kantz, Dorothy, 138.
Karsten, Eleanor G., 858.
Kaufman, Lillian, 142.
Keene (N. H.) P. L., rpt, 383.
Kellar, Ethel, 777.
Keller, Miss L. K., 141.
Kellogg, Mrs. M. G., gift of Ro-
chester (N. Y.) Univ. L., 63.
Kelly, Mrs. Frances Nuckolls,
Ketnler, Harry F., 706.
Kendall, Alice Gertrude, 778.
Kendallville (Ind.) P. L., dedi-
cated, 572.
Kennedy, Katherine L., 316.
Kent, Henry W., 527.
Kentucky L. Comm., rpt., 711;
exhibit at state fair, 933.
Keogh, Andrew, on A. L. A.
Council, 523.
Keokuk, Iowa, opens doc. dept.,
Keosauqua (Iowa) L., opened,
71.
Kercheval, Margaret McE., sec.
Tenn. L. Assn.. 374.
Kern Co. (Cal.) F. L., 24th
branch opened, 243; 3 new
branches, 402.
Kerr, Willis H., Possible news-
paper publicity of the A. L.
A., 192-194; Normal school 1.
work, 447-449; on A. L. A.
publicity committee, 529; Sur-
vey of school 1. situation, 553;
Making the 1. earn its salt,
643; on A. L. A. com. for co-
operation with N. E. A., 699;
468, 632.
Kessler, Elizabeth L., 6:6.
Kewanna, Indv prospect for new
!•» 154-
Kewaskum (Wis.) P. L., opened,
Keyport (N. J.) P. L., rpt, 64.
Keystone State L. Assn., ann.
mtg.j 610; rpt. on periodi-
cal indexing, 903; ann. mtg.,
906.
Kiernan, Thomas K., death of,
632, 691.
Khavkina, Mme. L. B., "New
York Public Library," 636.
Kidder, Harriet L., 226.
Kimball, Flor-Etta, 617.
Kimball, Mary B., 622.
Kimball, Theodora. See Pray,
Jas. Sturgis.
Kimball, William C., 90; death
of, no, 178; resolutions on
the death of, 205; A. L. A.
resolutions on, 532.
King, Agnes, 622, 776.
King, Ruth, 706. 854.
Kingston (N. Y.) P. L., rpt., Oi.
Kinney, Miss D., 380.
Kinsley, Lydia E., 226, 623.
Kirklin, Ind., to have Carnegie
L., 785.
Kittelson, Corina L., 138, 776.
Kjellgren, Annie E., 622.
Klamath Falls (Ore.) Carnegie
L., new bldg. started, 74.
Klumb, Anna K., 57.
Knapp, Elizabeth, 777.
Knapp, Ethel M., 227, 858, 915.
Kneil, Margaret, 777.
Knight, Marion A., 230.
Knowlton, Ruth, 57.
Knoxyille, Tenn., school Is. or-
ganized in Knox Co., 68. See
also Lawson-McGhee L. ; Ten-
nessee Univ. L.
Kobetich. Mary, 566.
Koch, Theodore W., lectures in
Detroit, 69; Bibliotheque Na-
tionale: [illus. and plans] or-
ganization and history, 339-
350; administration, 419-430;
469; Librarian at the Leipzig
Exposition [illus.], 583-587;
Opening of the A. L. A. ex-
hibit at Leipzig, 591-596; Bod-
leian L. at Oxford [illus. and
plan], 739-740, 803-810.
Koopman, Harry Lyman, Ques-
tion of book storage, 24-27.
Kostomlatsky, Zulema, 858.
Krasinski, L., Warsaw, 161.
Krause, Louise B., Value of a 1.
in engineering office, 491; pres.
Chicago L. Club, 611.
Kroeger s Guide to ... ref.
booKS, suppl., 797.
Kudalkar, J. S., 921.
Kuenemann, Rosalind R., 381.
Kutztown (Pa.) State Normal
School, new 1. bldg., 391.
Labor refs., U. S. Bur. of Labor
Statistics, 493.
Labor-saving devices, exhibit at
Washington announced, 205;
plans for exhibit, 361; exhibit,
512-520.
Lagerlof, illus, for. See Hough-
ton (Mich.) P. L.
Lake Superior Library Associa-
tion organized, 48.
Lakevvood, O., to have Carnegie
Lakewood (N. J.) L., 389.
Laidlaw, Elizabeth, 858.
Lamb, C. Louise, 632.
Lamb, Florence M., 854.
Lammers, Josephine., sec. Neb.
L. Assn., 911.
Lament, Marie A., 619.
Lampe, Lilli, 143.
Lancaster, Susan, 621.
Lancaster (Pa.) P. L., bequest
to, 321.
Lancaster, Pa. See Watts de
Peyster L.
Lancaster (Mass.) L., bequest
to, 471.
Lane, William C., Thomas J.
Kiernan, 691; on A. L. A.
com. on co-ordination, 699.
Lane P. L., Hamilton, 0., resto-
ration of bldg., 69; plans for
branches, 475; tentative date
of reopening, 572; re-dedica-
tion, 785.
Lang, Andrew, memorial tablet
fund, 75.
Lansing, Cora, 316.
Lansing (Mich.) Pub. School
L., rpt., 155.
Lantern slides, advertising, Coun-
cil Bluffs, 933; Bromley collec-
tion, Minneapolis, 641; circu-
lation, Univ. of Minn., 248;
circulation, Cincinnati, 639;
indexing, 935; lists, 733; sort-
ing, 723; exhibitions, Cincin-
nati, 153. See also Stereopti-
con.
Lapp, John A., on A. L. A. pub-
lic docs, com., 699; Legislative
ref. 1. as separate dept., 556;
How to organize a munic. ref.
bur., 796; Municipal reference
work, 46; Public Affair In-
formation Service, 724.
Laramic, Wyo. See Wyoming
Univ. L.
Larned, Josephus Nelson, A. L.
A. resolutions on, 532.
Lamed (Kan.) P. L., new quar-
ters for, 157.
Lassen, Harald H., 469.
La Tourette, Alexandrine, 858.
Latta, Mary B., 563, 616, 632.
Latta (S. C.) P. L. contract let,
68; corner-stone laid, 237.
Laurel, Miss., Carnegie L. prom-
ised, 238.
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
957
Lausanne, Switzerland, Univ.
and Cantonal L., rpt., 867.-
Lavell, Richard A., death of, 57;
resolutions on. 369.
Law, William, Committee work,
485.
Law, legislative, and municipal
reference Is. (Kaiser), 918-
920.
Law Ls. Assn. See American
Assn. of Law Ls.
Law Is. in Ohio lose court fines,
69.
Lawrence, Hannah M., 921.
Lawrenceville, 111., reading room
opened, 240.
Lawson-McGhee L., Knoxville,
Tenn., offered to city, 238;
deeded to city, 474; transfer
valid, 711.
Le Fevre, Miss M., 381.
Leaf, Grace M., 623.
League of Library Commissions
— Mid-West Section, midwin-
ter mtg., 215-218; Washington
mtgs., 556.
Learning to read (Conkling),
209.
Leavenworth (Kan.) F. P. L.,
rpt., 400; progress, 477; use,
Lecture rooms, use of in Port-
land, Ore., 328.
Lectures, 78; San Antonio, 72;
Ind. L. Comm., 486; Boston,
860; Grand Rapids, 925.
Ledyard, Winnifred E., 921.
Lee, Annie Lyle, 224.
Lee, Emma Dunham, 139.
Lee, George Winthrop, Refer-
ence books, 179-187; L. devel-
opments and the Information
Bur. docket, 409; Boston Co-
op. Inform. Bur., 792; Spon-
sors for knowledge, 792, 886-
890.
Leeds (Eng.) P. L., 1. classes,
481; rpt., 159-
Legislation, suggested changes
for Eng., 249; library, in 1913
(Eastman), 3-9; recommended.
111., 908; recommended in
Mass, [under Boston], 145;
rpt. of 111. L. Assn. committee
on, 132; school 1., significance
T of, 793.
Legislative reference bureau,
function of (Lowrie), 273-279;
Legislative ref. bureaus, 8, 335;
111., 133; for political parties
(Richberg), 491; dept. author-
ized, N. J., 390; Ga. State L.,
638, 784; as separate dept.
(Lapp), 556. See also Kaiser.
Legler, Henry E., A. L. A. dele-
gate to Oxford, 530; Should
there be a pension law, 551^;
on A. L. A. com. on co-ordi-
nation, 699; on A. L. A. pub-
lishing board, 699.
Leipzig, municipal 1., opened,
Leipzig Exposition, A. L. A. ex-
hibit for, 89; Book and Graphic
Arts, A. L. A. exhibit [with
?lan], 288-290; branch 1. model
or, 356; Ibn. at (Koch) 583-
587; opening of A. L. A. ex-
hibit, rpt., 591-596; still open,
768; closing expected, 697;
continued attendance, 88 1.
Lemberg, Austria, Czarnecki L.,
720; Univ. L., rpt., 720; Os-
selinsky Inst. L., 868.
Lenox (Mass.) P. L., bequest to,
146.
Lentilhon, Ida W., 619, 776.
Lenzburg conference. See Swiss
Lbns. Assn.
Leonard, N. D., township 1. es-
tablished, 71.
Lester, Clarence B., sec.-treas.,
Nat. Assn. State Ls., 559; re-
views Kaiser's Law, legisla-
tive and municipal reference
Is., 918-920.
Letherman, Dorothy, 141.
Lewis, Katharine, 620.
Lewis, May C., 622.
Lewis, Sarah Virginia, 706, 776.
Lewis, Willard P , 469.
Leyden, Mass., Robertson Mem.
L. dedicated, 782.
Libby, Fanny M., 563, 858.
Liberty, Mo. See William Jew-
ell College L.
Librarian and Book World, 875.
Librarian as local historian, 936.
Librarian's bootstraps (Connol-
ly), 368.
Librarian's study (Josephson),
190-192.
"Librarian" versus the cataloger,
834-836.
Librarians, necrology of, i; col-
lege training for (Johnston),
38; American, in Europe at
outbreak of war, 657; party
in northern Europe (Morrow),
828-832; in southern Europe
(Hitchler), 755^760.
Libraries and motion picturies —
an ignored educational agency
(Cocks), 666-669; and the state
(dept.), 79, 249, 407. 646; re-
lations with schools, 257; dan-
ger from fire in, 337; for rural
communities (Claxton), 52=:;
arguments for, 789; large, rep-
resentative, of the future
(Rathbone)/ 943; ref. books of
1913 (Mudge), 109.
Library, as a university factor
(Johnston), 10-15; aims of to-
day (Hall), 35; influence of
(Noyes), 36-38; significance of
to community (Utley), 46;
support — funds (dept.), 79,
166, 249, 407, 647; housekeep-
ing (Marx), 82; in relation to
schools, 163; Art Club, 168;
militant (Stearns), 301; as a
social center, 328, 404; and
community, 370; and the immi-
grant (Carr), 525; extension,
A. L. A. resolution on, 533;
reform in Great Britain, 646;
service in schools and qualifi-
cations of school Ibns., 692;
inst. for district supts. (Wal-
ter), 696; heresies (Askew),
726; planning (Wyer), 747-
752; quarters in office build-
ings, 80 1 ; and history study
(Johnston), 883-886; develop-
ment beyond the Mississippi
(Antrim), 832-834; how to use,
898-899.
Library and Library Assistants'
Associations, union class-list of
libraries of (Tracey), 54.
Library Assistants' Assn., Easter
school, 244; Dec. 1913, mtg.,
245.
Library Association of the Unit-
ed Kingdom, ann. mtg. in Ox-
ford? 115-116, 177; Book Pro-
duction Committee, Interim
rpt. (Rider), 141; 36th ann.
mtg., proc. printed, 244; edu-
cational work of, 485; mem-
bers of book production com.,
480; Oxford conference pro-
gram, 596; Oxford conference
postponed, 697, 738; year
book, 733-
Library economy, modern Amer-
ican (Dana), 466; A. L. A.
manual, 8 chaps, reviewed,
62 e -026; history of (dept.),
247, 722, 869.
LIBRARY JOURNAL, changes in, 2;
personnel; 90; removal, 338.
Library Miscellany, 413, 940.
Library of Congress, proposed
administrative changes in, 2;
rpt. 1913, 31-35; a real national
library, 89; Schiff gift to, 522;
Argenteau manuscript collec-
tion, 473; extra appropriation
for preparation of legisl. ma-
terial, 637; how it serves the
people (Bishop), 870. See also
Blind, work with.
Library plans. See Architecture.
Library training, for teachers,
41; first 1. school started in
Germany, 900. See also In-
struction.
Library week. See New York
L. Assn.
Library work (dept.), 2, 77-85,
162-171, 247-254, 328-336, 404-
413, 643-653, 722-732, 869-876,
932-939-
Libri case, 343-3SO.
Lien, k. J., pres. Amer. Assn.
Law Ls., 558.
Life Insurance Presidents' Assn.
L., N. Y., 282.
Ligovski People's House f. 1. in
St. Petersburg, 451.
Lincoln .(Kan.) P. L., opened,
Lincoln (Neb.) City L., rpt.,
927; tablet unveiled, 476.
See also Nebraska State L.
Lindeberg, Miss E. E. C., 142.
Lingenfelter, Mary R., 563, 616.
Lists. See Booklists.
Literature, Irish, bibl. of (re-
view), 228; ref. books of 1913
(Mudge), 105; 404.
Little, Arthur D., Inc., L., Bos-
ton, 282.
Little Rock (Ark.) College, to
have 1., 325.
Little Rock (Ark.) P. L.. gift
to, 243; rpt., 243; exhibit at
county fair, 933.
Loan book collections, Danielson,
Ct., 937-
Loan work (dept.), 170, 252,
410, 728, 795, 937.
Locke, George H., A. L. A. dele-
gate to Oxford, 530; on
A. L. A. executive board, 530.
Lockwoqd, Greene & Co. L., Bos-
ton, 282.
Loehl, Gertrude E., Reading to
get results at the State Train-
ing
Ojgan
for, 71.
ing School, 253.
Logan (Iowa) P. L., trustees
Logasa, Hannah, 382, 566.
London, Medical Soc. L., 717;
Univ. L., 480.
Long Beach (Cal.) P. L., En-
largement of bldg., 243; rpt.,
244; investigation, 478; meet-
ing room fitted up, 716.
Long Island L. Club, Nov., 1913,
mtg., 44: Jan. mtg., 131; Mar.
mtg., 368; ann. mtg., 607;
spec, mtg., 770. See also
N. Y. L. Club.
Lonyq, Martha, 780.
Loomis, Mrs. C. C., Library
problem and the trustees' re-
sponsibility, 1 66.
Los Angeles P. L., extra county
librarians refused, 72; exhibi-
tion in honor of Father Serra,
73; branch on municipal pier,
157; floor space to be in-
creased, 158; mag. article on,
244; Arroyo Seco branch
opened, 325; removal, 478-
new quarters, 521 (Wheeler)
[illus. and plans], 823-827;
training class announcement,
787; training school, 854;
Washington branch closed,
958
THE LIBRARY JOURNAL
865; rpt., 929; publicity meth-
ods, 933.
os A
Los Angeles. See also South-
west Museum.
Lossing, Benson J., estate, Vir-
ginia papers, 393-
Lothrop, Alice B., 858.
Louisville (Ky.) F. P. L., rpt.,
68; newspaper reading room,
1 66; Portland branch, 322;
county branches proposed, 394;
newspaper room, 394; 2 more
branches asked for, 394; col-
ored branch, 474; additional
Carnegie grant refused, 638;
handbook, 638; Lincoln and
Prentice statues, 638; staff
rooms, 711; Carnegie appro-
priation refused, 925; work
with negroes, 937.
Louvain, Belgium, destruction of
IM 763; Is. of (Hamal), 931;
Univ. L., gift to, 930.
Love, Florence D., 622.
Lovis, Marion, 777, 858.
Lowes, Fannie E., A problem
and a solution [reclassifica-
tion], 82.
Lowrie, S. Gale, Function of the
legisl. ref. bur., 273-279.
Lowry, Elizabeth, 566, 921.
Lowry, Jessie MacDowell, 852.
Lowther, Helen, 312.
Luard, Lucy Dalbiac, 852.
Lunches, co-operative, Somer-
ville, 489; Washington, D. C.,
935-
Lucht, Julius, 316.
Ludey, Metta Ryman, 619, 776.
Luitweiler, Helen, 619.
Lyndonville, Vt., Cobleigh P. L.,
bequest to, 58.
Lyon, Dorothy D., sec. Ark. L.
Assn., 372.
Lupton, Agnes W., Social activi-
ties of the 1., 441-443.
Lyster, T. W., Index to period-
icals wanted. 490.
Lutkemeyer, Georgia, 622.
Lytle, Mary, 469.
M
Mabie, Henry L., death of, 57.
McAlester (Okla.) P. L., dedi-
cation, 477.
MacAlister, Agnes H., 230.
McAward, Miss E. A., 142.
McCaine, Helen J., 143.
McCarthy, Mary, 777.
McCartney, Grace B., 309, 315.
MacCurdy, Jessie C., 143.
McClymonds P. L. See Mas-
sillon.
McDermott, Mary, 143.
McFadgen, Mary, 57.
McGovern, Catherine H., 622.
McGregor, Mary, 706.
Mclntosh, Margaret, 467.
Mclntoshj Rosamond, 617.
McKechme, Alexandra, 858.
McKillop, J., Rural 1. problem,
Mci&lop, Samuel A., pres. Mil-
waukee L. Club, 461.
McKinley mem., Niles, O., 640.
McKnight. Elizabeth B., 632.
McLaughlin, Mae, 382.
McLean Hospital L. See Wav-
erley.
McLean L. See Thomasville.
McMahon, Mary, 141.
McMillen, James A., 632.
MacNair, Rebecca S., 632.
McNitt, Esther U., 143.
McMaster, Louise, 621.
McMillen, James A., 858.
McMullin. Jennie W., 776.
McPike, Eugene F., Plan
ans for
an Amer. Fed. for Intercom-
munication, 329.
Mackenzie, Annie, 469.
Mackin, Agnes, 916.
Macomb, 111. See Western 111.
State Normal School.
Macon (Mo.) P. L., Indian col-
lection to be made for. 242.
Macon Law L. Assn. incorpo-
rated, 862.
Madison (N. J.) P. L., privileges
extended to Morristown, 389.
Madison (Wis.) F. L., rpt., 398,
926.
Madison, Wis. See also Wis-
consin State L.; Wisconsin
Tax Comm.
Madrid (Spain) P. L., open let-
ter, 788.
Magazines, size of, 85; bulletin,
250; boxes, 732; at bargain
prices, 336; evaluation (Pow-
ers), 727. See also Binding;
Filing; Periodicals.
Mahan, Clover, 641.
Mahin, Mrs. Emma L., death of,
858.
Maine Library Commission, Feb.
mtg., 222; schedule, 782.
Mainz (Germany) , Municipal
collections, rpt., 482.
Maiden (Mass.) P. L., rpt., 384.
Malone, Eva, 777.
Maloney, Mary, 143.
Maltby, Mrs. Adelaide Bowles,
Work among foreigners, 605.
Manchester, Elizabeth, Relation
of 1. to Boy Scout and Camp
Fire Girl movement, 752-755.
Manchester, Eng. See John Ry-
lands L.
Manchester (N. H.) City L., dis-
posal of old bldg., 383; prepa-
ration, for moving, 470; Goff's
Falls station opened, 922; rpt.,
922.
Mandel, Dr. John A., gives col-
lection on Emperor William n
to N. Y. P. L., 62.
Manhattan, Kan., high school 1.,
Manhattan (Kan.) P. L., growth,
641.
Manila, Philippine L., 4 tablets
in, 716; art exhibit in, 716.
Manistee City (Mich.) P. L.,
rpt., 396.
Manitowoc (Wis.) P. L., rpt.,
70.
Manning, Ethelwyn, 464.
Mantua, Italy, Biblioteca Com-
munale, 161.
Manuscripts as endpapers, Ger-
man questionnaire, 202; Ar-
genteau, 473; in Va. State L.,
474-
Maps, Westfield (N. J.) P. L.,
490; filing method, Newark,
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Marinette, Wis., Stephenson P.
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Marion (Ind.) P. L., rpt., 396.
Marion (S. C.) P. L., 474.
Marshall, Cecil, 143.
Marshall, Mary Louise, 622.
Martin, Mrs. Elsie E., 620.
Martin, Mamie R., 566.
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Marvin, Katherine G., 620.
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Pub. Serv. Commission L., Bos-
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College of Pharmacy, Boston,
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Massachusetts Library Club, list
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Mattern, Johannes, Rpt. of Swiss
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Matthews, Mrs. C. P., 141.
Maurice, Nathalie A., 51.
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Meagher, Margaret C., 141.
Mechanics' Institute L., San
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Mechlin, Lei 
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